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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-27 10:05:51 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-27 10:05:51 +0000
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+===========================================
+CPU topology binding description
+===========================================
+
+===========================================
+1 - Introduction
+===========================================
+
+In a SMP system, the hierarchy of CPUs is defined through three entities that
+are used to describe the layout of physical CPUs in the system:
+
+- socket
+- cluster
+- core
+- thread
+
+The bottom hierarchy level sits at core or thread level depending on whether
+symmetric multi-threading (SMT) is supported or not.
+
+For instance in a system where CPUs support SMT, "cpu" nodes represent all
+threads existing in the system and map to the hierarchy level "thread" above.
+In systems where SMT is not supported "cpu" nodes represent all cores present
+in the system and map to the hierarchy level "core" above.
+
+CPU topology bindings allow one to associate cpu nodes with hierarchical groups
+corresponding to the system hierarchy; syntactically they are defined as device
+tree nodes.
+
+Currently, only ARM/RISC-V intend to use this cpu topology binding but it may be
+used for any other architecture as well.
+
+The cpu nodes, as per bindings defined in [4], represent the devices that
+correspond to physical CPUs and are to be mapped to the hierarchy levels.
+
+A topology description containing phandles to cpu nodes that are not compliant
+with bindings standardized in [4] is therefore considered invalid.
+
+===========================================
+2 - cpu-map node
+===========================================
+
+The ARM/RISC-V CPU topology is defined within the cpu-map node, which is a direct
+child of the cpus node and provides a container where the actual topology
+nodes are listed.
+
+- cpu-map node
+
+ Usage: Optional - On SMP systems provide CPUs topology to the OS.
+ Uniprocessor systems do not require a topology
+ description and therefore should not define a
+ cpu-map node.
+
+ Description: The cpu-map node is just a container node where its
+ subnodes describe the CPU topology.
+
+ Node name must be "cpu-map".
+
+ The cpu-map node's parent node must be the cpus node.
+
+ The cpu-map node's child nodes can be:
+
+ - one or more cluster nodes or
+ - one or more socket nodes in a multi-socket system
+
+ Any other configuration is considered invalid.
+
+The cpu-map node can only contain 4 types of child nodes:
+
+- socket node
+- cluster node
+- core node
+- thread node
+
+whose bindings are described in paragraph 3.
+
+The nodes describing the CPU topology (socket/cluster/core/thread) can
+only be defined within the cpu-map node and every core/thread in the
+system must be defined within the topology. Any other configuration is
+invalid and therefore must be ignored.
+
+===========================================
+2.1 - cpu-map child nodes naming convention
+===========================================
+
+cpu-map child nodes must follow a naming convention where the node name
+must be "socketN", "clusterN", "coreN", "threadN" depending on the node type
+(ie socket/cluster/core/thread) (where N = {0, 1, ...} is the node number; nodes
+which are siblings within a single common parent node must be given a unique and
+sequential N value, starting from 0).
+cpu-map child nodes which do not share a common parent node can have the same
+name (ie same number N as other cpu-map child nodes at different device tree
+levels) since name uniqueness will be guaranteed by the device tree hierarchy.
+
+===========================================
+3 - socket/cluster/core/thread node bindings
+===========================================
+
+Bindings for socket/cluster/cpu/thread nodes are defined as follows:
+
+- socket node
+
+ Description: must be declared within a cpu-map node, one node
+ per physical socket in the system. A system can
+ contain single or multiple physical socket.
+ The association of sockets and NUMA nodes is beyond
+ the scope of this bindings, please refer [2] for
+ NUMA bindings.
+
+ This node is optional for a single socket system.
+
+ The socket node name must be "socketN" as described in 2.1 above.
+ A socket node can not be a leaf node.
+
+ A socket node's child nodes must be one or more cluster nodes.
+
+ Any other configuration is considered invalid.
+
+- cluster node
+
+ Description: must be declared within a cpu-map node, one node
+ per cluster. A system can contain several layers of
+ clustering within a single physical socket and cluster
+ nodes can be contained in parent cluster nodes.
+
+ The cluster node name must be "clusterN" as described in 2.1 above.
+ A cluster node can not be a leaf node.
+
+ A cluster node's child nodes must be:
+
+ - one or more cluster nodes; or
+ - one or more core nodes
+
+ Any other configuration is considered invalid.
+
+- core node
+
+ Description: must be declared in a cluster node, one node per core in
+ the cluster. If the system does not support SMT, core
+ nodes are leaf nodes, otherwise they become containers of
+ thread nodes.
+
+ The core node name must be "coreN" as described in 2.1 above.
+
+ A core node must be a leaf node if SMT is not supported.
+
+ Properties for core nodes that are leaf nodes:
+
+ - cpu
+ Usage: required
+ Value type: <phandle>
+ Definition: a phandle to the cpu node that corresponds to the
+ core node.
+
+ If a core node is not a leaf node (CPUs supporting SMT) a core node's
+ child nodes can be:
+
+ - one or more thread nodes
+
+ Any other configuration is considered invalid.
+
+- thread node
+
+ Description: must be declared in a core node, one node per thread
+ in the core if the system supports SMT. Thread nodes are
+ always leaf nodes in the device tree.
+
+ The thread node name must be "threadN" as described in 2.1 above.
+
+ A thread node must be a leaf node.
+
+ A thread node must contain the following property:
+
+ - cpu
+ Usage: required
+ Value type: <phandle>
+ Definition: a phandle to the cpu node that corresponds to
+ the thread node.
+
+===========================================
+4 - Example dts
+===========================================
+
+Example 1 (ARM 64-bit, 16-cpu system, two clusters of clusters in a single
+physical socket):
+
+cpus {
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+ #address-cells = <2>;
+
+ cpu-map {
+ socket0 {
+ cluster0 {
+ cluster0 {
+ core0 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU0>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU1>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ core1 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU2>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU3>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ cluster1 {
+ core0 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU4>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU5>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ core1 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU6>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU7>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ cluster1 {
+ cluster0 {
+ core0 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU8>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU9>;
+ };
+ };
+ core1 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU10>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU11>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ cluster1 {
+ core0 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU12>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU13>;
+ };
+ };
+ core1 {
+ thread0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU14>;
+ };
+ thread1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU15>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ CPU0: cpu@0 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x0>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU1: cpu@1 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x1>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU2: cpu@100 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x100>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU3: cpu@101 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x101>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU4: cpu@10000 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x10000>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU5: cpu@10001 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x10001>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU6: cpu@10100 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x10100>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU7: cpu@10101 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x0 0x10101>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU8: cpu@100000000 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x0>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU9: cpu@100000001 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x1>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU10: cpu@100000100 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x100>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU11: cpu@100000101 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x101>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU12: cpu@100010000 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x10000>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU13: cpu@100010001 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x10001>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU14: cpu@100010100 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x10100>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+
+ CPU15: cpu@100010101 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a57";
+ reg = <0x1 0x10101>;
+ enable-method = "spin-table";
+ cpu-release-addr = <0 0x20000000>;
+ };
+};
+
+Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, dual-cluster, 8-cpu system, no SMT):
+
+cpus {
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ cpu-map {
+ cluster0 {
+ core0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU0>;
+ };
+ core1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU1>;
+ };
+ core2 {
+ cpu = <&CPU2>;
+ };
+ core3 {
+ cpu = <&CPU3>;
+ };
+ };
+
+ cluster1 {
+ core0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU4>;
+ };
+ core1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU5>;
+ };
+ core2 {
+ cpu = <&CPU6>;
+ };
+ core3 {
+ cpu = <&CPU7>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ CPU0: cpu@0 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
+ reg = <0x0>;
+ };
+
+ CPU1: cpu@1 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
+ reg = <0x1>;
+ };
+
+ CPU2: cpu@2 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
+ reg = <0x2>;
+ };
+
+ CPU3: cpu@3 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
+ reg = <0x3>;
+ };
+
+ CPU4: cpu@100 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a7";
+ reg = <0x100>;
+ };
+
+ CPU5: cpu@101 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a7";
+ reg = <0x101>;
+ };
+
+ CPU6: cpu@102 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a7";
+ reg = <0x102>;
+ };
+
+ CPU7: cpu@103 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a7";
+ reg = <0x103>;
+ };
+};
+
+Example 3: HiFive Unleashed (RISC-V 64 bit, 4 core system)
+
+{
+ #address-cells = <2>;
+ #size-cells = <2>;
+ compatible = "sifive,fu540g", "sifive,fu500";
+ model = "sifive,hifive-unleashed-a00";
+
+ ...
+ cpus {
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+ cpu-map {
+ socket0 {
+ cluster0 {
+ core0 {
+ cpu = <&CPU1>;
+ };
+ core1 {
+ cpu = <&CPU2>;
+ };
+ core2 {
+ cpu0 = <&CPU2>;
+ };
+ core3 {
+ cpu0 = <&CPU3>;
+ };
+ };
+ };
+ };
+
+ CPU1: cpu@1 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "sifive,rocket0", "riscv";
+ reg = <0x1>;
+ }
+
+ CPU2: cpu@2 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "sifive,rocket0", "riscv";
+ reg = <0x2>;
+ }
+ CPU3: cpu@3 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "sifive,rocket0", "riscv";
+ reg = <0x3>;
+ }
+ CPU4: cpu@4 {
+ device_type = "cpu";
+ compatible = "sifive,rocket0", "riscv";
+ reg = <0x4>;
+ }
+ }
+};
+===============================================================================
+[1] ARM Linux kernel documentation
+ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
+[2] Devicetree NUMA binding description
+ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/numa.txt
+[3] RISC-V Linux kernel documentation
+ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/cpus.yaml
+[4] https://www.devicetree.org/specifications/