Adding upstream version 5.10.209.upstream/5.10.209upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3676 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c b/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97e2a72bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3676 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * probe-event.c : perf-probe definition to probe_events format converter
+ *
+ * Written by Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
+ */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <elf.h>
+
+#include "build-id.h"
+#include "event.h"
+#include "namespaces.h"
+#include "strlist.h"
+#include "strfilter.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "dso.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "map.h"
+#include "maps.h"
+#include "symbol.h"
+#include <api/fs/fs.h>
+#include "trace-event.h"	/* For __maybe_unused */
+#include "probe-event.h"
+#include "probe-finder.h"
+#include "probe-file.h"
+#include "session.h"
+#include "string2.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+#include <subcmd/pager.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/zalloc.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUGINFOD_SUPPORT
+#include <elfutils/debuginfod.h>
+#endif
+
+#define PERFPROBE_GROUP "probe"
+
+bool probe_event_dry_run;	/* Dry run flag */
+struct probe_conf probe_conf = { .magic_num = DEFAULT_PROBE_MAGIC_NUM };
+
+#define semantic_error(msg ...) pr_err("Semantic error :" msg)
+
+int e_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret >= (int)size)
+		ret = -E2BIG;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct machine *host_machine;
+
+/* Initialize symbol maps and path of vmlinux/modules */
+int init_probe_symbol_maps(bool user_only)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	symbol_conf.sort_by_name = true;
+	symbol_conf.allow_aliases = true;
+	ret = symbol__init(NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_debug("Failed to init symbol map.\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (host_machine || user_only)	/* already initialized */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (symbol_conf.vmlinux_name)
+		pr_debug("Use vmlinux: %s\n", symbol_conf.vmlinux_name);
+
+	host_machine = machine__new_host();
+	if (!host_machine) {
+		pr_debug("machine__new_host() failed.\n");
+		symbol__exit();
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+out:
+	if (ret < 0)
+		pr_warning("Failed to init vmlinux path.\n");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void exit_probe_symbol_maps(void)
+{
+	machine__delete(host_machine);
+	host_machine = NULL;
+	symbol__exit();
+}
+
+static struct ref_reloc_sym *kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym(struct map **pmap)
+{
+	/* kmap->ref_reloc_sym should be set if host_machine is initialized */
+	struct kmap *kmap;
+	struct map *map = machine__kernel_map(host_machine);
+
+	if (map__load(map) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	kmap = map__kmap(map);
+	if (!kmap)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (pmap)
+		*pmap = map;
+
+	return kmap->ref_reloc_sym;
+}
+
+static int kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(const char *name, u64 *addr,
+					     bool reloc, bool reladdr)
+{
+	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym;
+	struct symbol *sym;
+	struct map *map;
+
+	/* ref_reloc_sym is just a label. Need a special fix*/
+	reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym(&map);
+	if (reloc_sym && strcmp(name, reloc_sym->name) == 0)
+		*addr = (!map->reloc || reloc) ? reloc_sym->addr :
+			reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
+	else {
+		sym = machine__find_kernel_symbol_by_name(host_machine, name, &map);
+		if (!sym)
+			return -ENOENT;
+		*addr = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) -
+			((reloc) ? 0 : map->reloc) -
+			((reladdr) ? map->start : 0);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct map *kernel_get_module_map(const char *module)
+{
+	struct maps *maps = machine__kernel_maps(host_machine);
+	struct map *pos;
+
+	/* A file path -- this is an offline module */
+	if (module && strchr(module, '/'))
+		return dso__new_map(module);
+
+	if (!module) {
+		pos = machine__kernel_map(host_machine);
+		return map__get(pos);
+	}
+
+	maps__for_each_entry(maps, pos) {
+		/* short_name is "[module]" */
+		if (strncmp(pos->dso->short_name + 1, module,
+			    pos->dso->short_name_len - 2) == 0 &&
+		    module[pos->dso->short_name_len - 2] == '\0') {
+			return map__get(pos);
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct map *get_target_map(const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi, bool user)
+{
+	/* Init maps of given executable or kernel */
+	if (user) {
+		struct map *map;
+
+		map = dso__new_map(target);
+		if (map && map->dso) {
+			nsinfo__put(map->dso->nsinfo);
+			map->dso->nsinfo = nsinfo__get(nsi);
+		}
+		return map;
+	} else {
+		return kernel_get_module_map(target);
+	}
+}
+
+static int convert_exec_to_group(const char *exec, char **result)
+{
+	char *ptr1, *ptr2, *exec_copy;
+	char buf[64];
+	int ret;
+
+	exec_copy = strdup(exec);
+	if (!exec_copy)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ptr1 = basename(exec_copy);
+	if (!ptr1) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	for (ptr2 = ptr1; *ptr2 != '\0'; ptr2++) {
+		if (!isalnum(*ptr2) && *ptr2 != '_') {
+			*ptr2 = '\0';
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = e_snprintf(buf, 64, "%s_%s", PERFPROBE_GROUP, ptr1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	*result = strdup(buf);
+	ret = *result ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+
+out:
+	free(exec_copy);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void clear_perf_probe_point(struct perf_probe_point *pp)
+{
+	zfree(&pp->file);
+	zfree(&pp->function);
+	zfree(&pp->lazy_line);
+}
+
+static void clear_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs, int ntevs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++)
+		clear_probe_trace_event(tevs + i);
+}
+
+static bool kprobe_blacklist__listed(unsigned long address);
+static bool kprobe_warn_out_range(const char *symbol, unsigned long address)
+{
+	struct map *map;
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	map = kernel_get_module_map(NULL);
+	if (map) {
+		ret = address <= map->start || map->end < address;
+		if (ret)
+			pr_warning("%s is out of .text, skip it.\n", symbol);
+		map__put(map);
+	}
+	if (!ret && kprobe_blacklist__listed(address)) {
+		pr_warning("%s is blacklisted function, skip it.\n", symbol);
+		ret = true;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @module can be module name of module file path. In case of path,
+ * inspect elf and find out what is actual module name.
+ * Caller has to free mod_name after using it.
+ */
+static char *find_module_name(const char *module)
+{
+	int fd;
+	Elf *elf;
+	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
+	GElf_Shdr shdr;
+	Elf_Data *data;
+	Elf_Scn *sec;
+	char *mod_name = NULL;
+	int name_offset;
+
+	fd = open(module, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
+	if (elf == NULL)
+		goto elf_err;
+
+	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
+		goto ret_err;
+
+	sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
+			".gnu.linkonce.this_module", NULL);
+	if (!sec)
+		goto ret_err;
+
+	data = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
+	if (!data || !data->d_buf)
+		goto ret_err;
+
+	/*
+	 * NOTE:
+	 * '.gnu.linkonce.this_module' section of kernel module elf directly
+	 * maps to 'struct module' from linux/module.h. This section contains
+	 * actual module name which will be used by kernel after loading it.
+	 * But, we cannot use 'struct module' here since linux/module.h is not
+	 * exposed to user-space. Offset of 'name' has remained same from long
+	 * time, so hardcoding it here.
+	 */
+	if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32)
+		name_offset = 12;
+	else	/* expect ELFCLASS64 by default */
+		name_offset = 24;
+
+	mod_name = strdup((char *)data->d_buf + name_offset);
+
+ret_err:
+	elf_end(elf);
+elf_err:
+	close(fd);
+	return mod_name;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DWARF_SUPPORT
+
+static int kernel_get_module_dso(const char *module, struct dso **pdso)
+{
+	struct dso *dso;
+	struct map *map;
+	const char *vmlinux_name;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (module) {
+		char module_name[128];
+
+		snprintf(module_name, sizeof(module_name), "[%s]", module);
+		map = maps__find_by_name(&host_machine->kmaps, module_name);
+		if (map) {
+			dso = map->dso;
+			goto found;
+		}
+		pr_debug("Failed to find module %s.\n", module);
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	map = machine__kernel_map(host_machine);
+	dso = map->dso;
+	if (!dso->has_build_id)
+		dso__read_running_kernel_build_id(dso, host_machine);
+
+	vmlinux_name = symbol_conf.vmlinux_name;
+	dso->load_errno = 0;
+	if (vmlinux_name)
+		ret = dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map, vmlinux_name, false);
+	else
+		ret = dso__load_vmlinux_path(dso, map);
+found:
+	*pdso = dso;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Some binaries like glibc have special symbols which are on the symbol
+ * table, but not in the debuginfo. If we can find the address of the
+ * symbol from map, we can translate the address back to the probe point.
+ */
+static int find_alternative_probe_point(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
+					struct perf_probe_point *pp,
+					struct perf_probe_point *result,
+					const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi,
+					bool uprobes)
+{
+	struct map *map = NULL;
+	struct symbol *sym;
+	u64 address = 0;
+	int ret = -ENOENT;
+
+	/* This can work only for function-name based one */
+	if (!pp->function || pp->file)
+		return -ENOTSUP;
+
+	map = get_target_map(target, nsi, uprobes);
+	if (!map)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Find the address of given function */
+	map__for_each_symbol_by_name(map, pp->function, sym) {
+		if (uprobes) {
+			address = sym->start;
+			if (sym->type == STT_GNU_IFUNC)
+				pr_warning("Warning: The probe function (%s) is a GNU indirect function.\n"
+					   "Consider identifying the final function used at run time and set the probe directly on that.\n",
+					   pp->function);
+		} else
+			address = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) - map->reloc;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (!address) {
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pr_debug("Symbol %s address found : %" PRIx64 "\n",
+			pp->function, address);
+
+	ret = debuginfo__find_probe_point(dinfo, (unsigned long)address,
+					  result);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		ret = (!ret) ? -ENOENT : ret;
+	else {
+		result->offset += pp->offset;
+		result->line += pp->line;
+		result->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+out:
+	map__put(map);
+	return ret;
+
+}
+
+static int get_alternative_probe_event(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
+				       struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				       struct perf_probe_point *tmp)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	memcpy(tmp, &pev->point, sizeof(*tmp));
+	memset(&pev->point, 0, sizeof(pev->point));
+	ret = find_alternative_probe_point(dinfo, tmp, &pev->point, pev->target,
+					   pev->nsi, pev->uprobes);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		memcpy(&pev->point, tmp, sizeof(*tmp));
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_alternative_line_range(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
+				      struct line_range *lr,
+				      const char *target, bool user)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_point pp = { .function = lr->function,
+				       .file = lr->file,
+				       .line = lr->start };
+	struct perf_probe_point result;
+	int ret, len = 0;
+
+	memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
+
+	if (lr->end != INT_MAX)
+		len = lr->end - lr->start;
+	ret = find_alternative_probe_point(dinfo, &pp, &result,
+					   target, NULL, user);
+	if (!ret) {
+		lr->function = result.function;
+		lr->file = result.file;
+		lr->start = result.line;
+		if (lr->end != INT_MAX)
+			lr->end = lr->start + len;
+		clear_perf_probe_point(&pp);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUGINFOD_SUPPORT
+static struct debuginfo *open_from_debuginfod(struct dso *dso, struct nsinfo *nsi,
+					      bool silent)
+{
+	debuginfod_client *c = debuginfod_begin();
+	char sbuild_id[SBUILD_ID_SIZE + 1];
+	struct debuginfo *ret = NULL;
+	struct nscookie nsc;
+	char *path;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (!c)
+		return NULL;
+
+	build_id__sprintf(&dso->bid, sbuild_id);
+	fd = debuginfod_find_debuginfo(c, (const unsigned char *)sbuild_id,
+					0, &path);
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+	debuginfod_end(c);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (!silent)
+			pr_debug("Failed to find debuginfo in debuginfod.\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (!silent)
+		pr_debug("Load debuginfo from debuginfod (%s)\n", path);
+
+	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
+	ret = debuginfo__new((const char *)path);
+	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
+	return ret;
+}
+#else
+static inline
+struct debuginfo *open_from_debuginfod(struct dso *dso __maybe_unused,
+				       struct nsinfo *nsi __maybe_unused,
+				       bool silent __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Open new debuginfo of given module */
+static struct debuginfo *open_debuginfo(const char *module, struct nsinfo *nsi,
+					bool silent)
+{
+	const char *path = module;
+	char reason[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	struct debuginfo *ret = NULL;
+	struct dso *dso = NULL;
+	struct nscookie nsc;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!module || !strchr(module, '/')) {
+		err = kernel_get_module_dso(module, &dso);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			if (!dso || dso->load_errno == 0) {
+				if (!str_error_r(-err, reason, STRERR_BUFSIZE))
+					strcpy(reason, "(unknown)");
+			} else
+				dso__strerror_load(dso, reason, STRERR_BUFSIZE);
+			if (dso)
+				ret = open_from_debuginfod(dso, nsi, silent);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+			if (!silent) {
+				if (module)
+					pr_err("Module %s is not loaded, please specify its full path name.\n", module);
+				else
+					pr_err("Failed to find the path for the kernel: %s\n", reason);
+			}
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		path = dso->long_name;
+	}
+	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
+	ret = debuginfo__new(path);
+	if (!ret && !silent) {
+		pr_warning("The %s file has no debug information.\n", path);
+		if (!module || !strtailcmp(path, ".ko"))
+			pr_warning("Rebuild with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y, ");
+		else
+			pr_warning("Rebuild with -g, ");
+		pr_warning("or install an appropriate debuginfo package.\n");
+	}
+	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* For caching the last debuginfo */
+static struct debuginfo *debuginfo_cache;
+static char *debuginfo_cache_path;
+
+static struct debuginfo *debuginfo_cache__open(const char *module, bool silent)
+{
+	const char *path = module;
+
+	/* If the module is NULL, it should be the kernel. */
+	if (!module)
+		path = "kernel";
+
+	if (debuginfo_cache_path && !strcmp(debuginfo_cache_path, path))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Copy module path */
+	free(debuginfo_cache_path);
+	debuginfo_cache_path = strdup(path);
+	if (!debuginfo_cache_path) {
+		debuginfo__delete(debuginfo_cache);
+		debuginfo_cache = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	debuginfo_cache = open_debuginfo(module, NULL, silent);
+	if (!debuginfo_cache)
+		zfree(&debuginfo_cache_path);
+out:
+	return debuginfo_cache;
+}
+
+static void debuginfo_cache__exit(void)
+{
+	debuginfo__delete(debuginfo_cache);
+	debuginfo_cache = NULL;
+	zfree(&debuginfo_cache_path);
+}
+
+
+static int get_text_start_address(const char *exec, unsigned long *address,
+				  struct nsinfo *nsi)
+{
+	Elf *elf;
+	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
+	GElf_Shdr shdr;
+	int fd, ret = -ENOENT;
+	struct nscookie nsc;
+
+	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
+	fd = open(exec, O_RDONLY);
+	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
+	if (elf == NULL) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_close;
+	}
+
+	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr, ".text", NULL))
+		goto out;
+
+	*address = shdr.sh_addr - shdr.sh_offset;
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	elf_end(elf);
+out_close:
+	close(fd);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert trace point to probe point with debuginfo
+ */
+static int find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
+					    struct perf_probe_point *pp,
+					    bool is_kprobe)
+{
+	struct debuginfo *dinfo = NULL;
+	unsigned long stext = 0;
+	u64 addr = tp->address;
+	int ret = -ENOENT;
+
+	/* convert the address to dwarf address */
+	if (!is_kprobe) {
+		if (!addr) {
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto error;
+		}
+		ret = get_text_start_address(tp->module, &stext, NULL);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto error;
+		addr += stext;
+	} else if (tp->symbol) {
+		/* If the module is given, this returns relative address */
+		ret = kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(tp->symbol, &addr,
+							false, !!tp->module);
+		if (ret != 0)
+			goto error;
+		addr += tp->offset;
+	}
+
+	pr_debug("try to find information at %" PRIx64 " in %s\n", addr,
+		 tp->module ? : "kernel");
+
+	dinfo = debuginfo_cache__open(tp->module, verbose <= 0);
+	if (dinfo)
+		ret = debuginfo__find_probe_point(dinfo,
+						 (unsigned long)addr, pp);
+	else
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+
+	if (ret > 0) {
+		pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
+		return 0;
+	}
+error:
+	pr_debug("Failed to find corresponding probes from debuginfo.\n");
+	return ret ? : -ENOENT;
+}
+
+/* Adjust symbol name and address */
+static int post_process_probe_trace_point(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
+					   struct map *map, unsigned long offs)
+{
+	struct symbol *sym;
+	u64 addr = tp->address - offs;
+
+	sym = map__find_symbol(map, addr);
+	if (!sym)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (strcmp(sym->name, tp->symbol)) {
+		/* If we have no realname, use symbol for it */
+		if (!tp->realname)
+			tp->realname = tp->symbol;
+		else
+			free(tp->symbol);
+		tp->symbol = strdup(sym->name);
+		if (!tp->symbol)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	tp->offset = addr - sym->start;
+	tp->address -= offs;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rename DWARF symbols to ELF symbols -- gcc sometimes optimizes functions
+ * and generate new symbols with suffixes such as .constprop.N or .isra.N
+ * etc. Since those symbols are not recorded in DWARF, we have to find
+ * correct generated symbols from offline ELF binary.
+ * For online kernel or uprobes we don't need this because those are
+ * rebased on _text, or already a section relative address.
+ */
+static int
+post_process_offline_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+					int ntevs, const char *pathname)
+{
+	struct map *map;
+	unsigned long stext = 0;
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	/* Prepare a map for offline binary */
+	map = dso__new_map(pathname);
+	if (!map || get_text_start_address(pathname, &stext, NULL) < 0) {
+		pr_warning("Failed to get ELF symbols for %s\n", pathname);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
+		ret = post_process_probe_trace_point(&tevs[i].point,
+						     map, stext);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	map__put(map);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int add_exec_to_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+					  int ntevs, const char *exec,
+					  struct nsinfo *nsi)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+	unsigned long stext = 0;
+
+	if (!exec)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = get_text_start_address(exec, &stext, nsi);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs && ret >= 0; i++) {
+		/* point.address is the address of point.symbol + point.offset */
+		tevs[i].point.address -= stext;
+		tevs[i].point.module = strdup(exec);
+		if (!tevs[i].point.module) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+		tevs[i].uprobes = true;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+post_process_module_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+				       int ntevs, const char *module,
+				       struct debuginfo *dinfo)
+{
+	Dwarf_Addr text_offs = 0;
+	int i, ret = 0;
+	char *mod_name = NULL;
+	struct map *map;
+
+	if (!module)
+		return 0;
+
+	map = get_target_map(module, NULL, false);
+	if (!map || debuginfo__get_text_offset(dinfo, &text_offs, true) < 0) {
+		pr_warning("Failed to get ELF symbols for %s\n", module);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	mod_name = find_module_name(module);
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
+		ret = post_process_probe_trace_point(&tevs[i].point,
+						map, (unsigned long)text_offs);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+		tevs[i].point.module =
+			strdup(mod_name ? mod_name : module);
+		if (!tevs[i].point.module) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(mod_name);
+	map__put(map);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+post_process_kernel_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+				       int ntevs)
+{
+	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym;
+	struct map *map;
+	char *tmp;
+	int i, skipped = 0;
+
+	/* Skip post process if the target is an offline kernel */
+	if (symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux_buildid)
+		return post_process_offline_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs,
+						symbol_conf.vmlinux_name);
+
+	reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym(&map);
+	if (!reloc_sym) {
+		pr_warning("Relocated base symbol is not found!\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
+		if (!tevs[i].point.address)
+			continue;
+		if (tevs[i].point.retprobe && !kretprobe_offset_is_supported())
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * If we found a wrong one, mark it by NULL symbol.
+		 * Since addresses in debuginfo is same as objdump, we need
+		 * to convert it to addresses on memory.
+		 */
+		if (kprobe_warn_out_range(tevs[i].point.symbol,
+			map__objdump_2mem(map, tevs[i].point.address))) {
+			tmp = NULL;
+			skipped++;
+		} else {
+			tmp = strdup(reloc_sym->name);
+			if (!tmp)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		/* If we have no realname, use symbol for it */
+		if (!tevs[i].point.realname)
+			tevs[i].point.realname = tevs[i].point.symbol;
+		else
+			free(tevs[i].point.symbol);
+		tevs[i].point.symbol = tmp;
+		tevs[i].point.offset = tevs[i].point.address -
+			(map->reloc ? reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr :
+				      reloc_sym->addr);
+	}
+	return skipped;
+}
+
+void __weak
+arch__post_process_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev __maybe_unused,
+				      int ntevs __maybe_unused)
+{
+}
+
+/* Post processing the probe events */
+static int post_process_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					   struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+					   int ntevs, const char *module,
+					   bool uprobe, struct debuginfo *dinfo)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (uprobe)
+		ret = add_exec_to_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs, module,
+						     pev->nsi);
+	else if (module)
+		/* Currently ref_reloc_sym based probe is not for drivers */
+		ret = post_process_module_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs,
+							     module, dinfo);
+	else
+		ret = post_process_kernel_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs);
+
+	if (ret >= 0)
+		arch__post_process_probe_trace_events(pev, ntevs);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Try to find perf_probe_event with debuginfo */
+static int try_to_find_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					  struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	bool need_dwarf = perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev);
+	struct perf_probe_point tmp;
+	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
+	int ntevs, ret = 0;
+
+	dinfo = open_debuginfo(pev->target, pev->nsi, !need_dwarf);
+	if (!dinfo) {
+		if (need_dwarf)
+			return -ENOENT;
+		pr_debug("Could not open debuginfo. Try to use symbols.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	pr_debug("Try to find probe point from debuginfo.\n");
+	/* Searching trace events corresponding to a probe event */
+	ntevs = debuginfo__find_trace_events(dinfo, pev, tevs);
+
+	if (ntevs == 0)	{  /* Not found, retry with an alternative */
+		ret = get_alternative_probe_event(dinfo, pev, &tmp);
+		if (!ret) {
+			ntevs = debuginfo__find_trace_events(dinfo, pev, tevs);
+			/*
+			 * Write back to the original probe_event for
+			 * setting appropriate (user given) event name
+			 */
+			clear_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
+			memcpy(&pev->point, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ntevs > 0) {	/* Succeeded to find trace events */
+		pr_debug("Found %d probe_trace_events.\n", ntevs);
+		ret = post_process_probe_trace_events(pev, *tevs, ntevs,
+					pev->target, pev->uprobes, dinfo);
+		if (ret < 0 || ret == ntevs) {
+			pr_debug("Post processing failed or all events are skipped. (%d)\n", ret);
+			clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
+			zfree(tevs);
+			ntevs = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
+
+	if (ntevs == 0)	{	/* No error but failed to find probe point. */
+		pr_warning("Probe point '%s' not found.\n",
+			   synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point));
+		return -ENOENT;
+	} else if (ntevs < 0) {
+		/* Error path : ntevs < 0 */
+		pr_debug("An error occurred in debuginfo analysis (%d).\n", ntevs);
+		if (ntevs == -EBADF)
+			pr_warning("Warning: No dwarf info found in the vmlinux - "
+				"please rebuild kernel with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y.\n");
+		if (!need_dwarf) {
+			pr_debug("Trying to use symbols.\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return ntevs;
+}
+
+#define LINEBUF_SIZE 256
+#define NR_ADDITIONAL_LINES 2
+
+static int __show_one_line(FILE *fp, int l, bool skip, bool show_num)
+{
+	char buf[LINEBUF_SIZE], sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	const char *color = show_num ? "" : PERF_COLOR_BLUE;
+	const char *prefix = NULL;
+
+	do {
+		if (fgets(buf, LINEBUF_SIZE, fp) == NULL)
+			goto error;
+		if (skip)
+			continue;
+		if (!prefix) {
+			prefix = show_num ? "%7d  " : "         ";
+			color_fprintf(stdout, color, prefix, l);
+		}
+		color_fprintf(stdout, color, "%s", buf);
+
+	} while (strchr(buf, '\n') == NULL);
+
+	return 1;
+error:
+	if (ferror(fp)) {
+		pr_warning("File read error: %s\n",
+			   str_error_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int _show_one_line(FILE *fp, int l, bool skip, bool show_num)
+{
+	int rv = __show_one_line(fp, l, skip, show_num);
+	if (rv == 0) {
+		pr_warning("Source file is shorter than expected.\n");
+		rv = -1;
+	}
+	return rv;
+}
+
+#define show_one_line_with_num(f,l)	_show_one_line(f,l,false,true)
+#define show_one_line(f,l)		_show_one_line(f,l,false,false)
+#define skip_one_line(f,l)		_show_one_line(f,l,true,false)
+#define show_one_line_or_eof(f,l)	__show_one_line(f,l,false,false)
+
+/*
+ * Show line-range always requires debuginfo to find source file and
+ * line number.
+ */
+static int __show_line_range(struct line_range *lr, const char *module,
+			     bool user)
+{
+	struct build_id bid;
+	int l = 1;
+	struct int_node *ln;
+	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int ret;
+	char *tmp;
+	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	char sbuild_id[SBUILD_ID_SIZE] = "";
+
+	/* Search a line range */
+	dinfo = open_debuginfo(module, NULL, false);
+	if (!dinfo)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	ret = debuginfo__find_line_range(dinfo, lr);
+	if (!ret) {	/* Not found, retry with an alternative */
+		ret = get_alternative_line_range(dinfo, lr, module, user);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = debuginfo__find_line_range(dinfo, lr);
+	}
+	if (dinfo->build_id) {
+		build_id__init(&bid, dinfo->build_id, BUILD_ID_SIZE);
+		build_id__sprintf(&bid, sbuild_id);
+	}
+	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
+	if (ret == 0 || ret == -ENOENT) {
+		pr_warning("Specified source line is not found.\n");
+		return -ENOENT;
+	} else if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_warning("Debuginfo analysis failed.\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert source file path */
+	tmp = lr->path;
+	ret = find_source_path(tmp, sbuild_id, lr->comp_dir, &lr->path);
+
+	/* Free old path when new path is assigned */
+	if (tmp != lr->path)
+		free(tmp);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_warning("Failed to find source file path.\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	setup_pager();
+
+	if (lr->function)
+		fprintf(stdout, "<%s@%s:%d>\n", lr->function, lr->path,
+			lr->start - lr->offset);
+	else
+		fprintf(stdout, "<%s:%d>\n", lr->path, lr->start);
+
+	fp = fopen(lr->path, "r");
+	if (fp == NULL) {
+		pr_warning("Failed to open %s: %s\n", lr->path,
+			   str_error_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
+		return -errno;
+	}
+	/* Skip to starting line number */
+	while (l < lr->start) {
+		ret = skip_one_line(fp, l++);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto end;
+	}
+
+	intlist__for_each_entry(ln, lr->line_list) {
+		for (; ln->i > l; l++) {
+			ret = show_one_line(fp, l - lr->offset);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto end;
+		}
+		ret = show_one_line_with_num(fp, l++ - lr->offset);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto end;
+	}
+
+	if (lr->end == INT_MAX)
+		lr->end = l + NR_ADDITIONAL_LINES;
+	while (l <= lr->end) {
+		ret = show_one_line_or_eof(fp, l++ - lr->offset);
+		if (ret <= 0)
+			break;
+	}
+end:
+	fclose(fp);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int show_line_range(struct line_range *lr, const char *module,
+		    struct nsinfo *nsi, bool user)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct nscookie nsc;
+
+	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(user);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
+	ret = __show_line_range(lr, module, user);
+	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
+	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int show_available_vars_at(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
+				  struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				  struct strfilter *_filter)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	int ret, i, nvars;
+	struct str_node *node;
+	struct variable_list *vls = NULL, *vl;
+	struct perf_probe_point tmp;
+	const char *var;
+
+	buf = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	pr_debug("Searching variables at %s\n", buf);
+
+	ret = debuginfo__find_available_vars_at(dinfo, pev, &vls);
+	if (!ret) {  /* Not found, retry with an alternative */
+		ret = get_alternative_probe_event(dinfo, pev, &tmp);
+		if (!ret) {
+			ret = debuginfo__find_available_vars_at(dinfo, pev,
+								&vls);
+			/* Release the old probe_point */
+			clear_perf_probe_point(&tmp);
+		}
+	}
+	if (ret <= 0) {
+		if (ret == 0 || ret == -ENOENT) {
+			pr_err("Failed to find the address of %s\n", buf);
+			ret = -ENOENT;
+		} else
+			pr_warning("Debuginfo analysis failed.\n");
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	/* Some variables are found */
+	fprintf(stdout, "Available variables at %s\n", buf);
+	for (i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
+		vl = &vls[i];
+		/*
+		 * A probe point might be converted to
+		 * several trace points.
+		 */
+		fprintf(stdout, "\t@<%s+%lu>\n", vl->point.symbol,
+			vl->point.offset);
+		zfree(&vl->point.symbol);
+		nvars = 0;
+		if (vl->vars) {
+			strlist__for_each_entry(node, vl->vars) {
+				var = strchr(node->s, '\t') + 1;
+				if (strfilter__compare(_filter, var)) {
+					fprintf(stdout, "\t\t%s\n", node->s);
+					nvars++;
+				}
+			}
+			strlist__delete(vl->vars);
+		}
+		if (nvars == 0)
+			fprintf(stdout, "\t\t(No matched variables)\n");
+	}
+	free(vls);
+end:
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Show available variables on given probe point */
+int show_available_vars(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs,
+			struct strfilter *_filter)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
+
+	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(pevs->uprobes);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	dinfo = open_debuginfo(pevs->target, pevs->nsi, false);
+	if (!dinfo) {
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	setup_pager();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < npevs && ret >= 0; i++)
+		ret = show_available_vars_at(dinfo, &pevs[i], _filter);
+
+	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
+out:
+	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#else	/* !HAVE_DWARF_SUPPORT */
+
+static void debuginfo_cache__exit(void)
+{
+}
+
+static int
+find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(struct probe_trace_point *tp __maybe_unused,
+				 struct perf_probe_point *pp __maybe_unused,
+				 bool is_kprobe __maybe_unused)
+{
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+static int try_to_find_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				struct probe_trace_event **tevs __maybe_unused)
+{
+	if (perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev)) {
+		pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
+		return -ENOSYS;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int show_line_range(struct line_range *lr __maybe_unused,
+		    const char *module __maybe_unused,
+		    struct nsinfo *nsi __maybe_unused,
+		    bool user __maybe_unused)
+{
+	pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+int show_available_vars(struct perf_probe_event *pevs __maybe_unused,
+			int npevs __maybe_unused,
+			struct strfilter *filter __maybe_unused)
+{
+	pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+#endif
+
+void line_range__clear(struct line_range *lr)
+{
+	zfree(&lr->function);
+	zfree(&lr->file);
+	zfree(&lr->path);
+	zfree(&lr->comp_dir);
+	intlist__delete(lr->line_list);
+}
+
+int line_range__init(struct line_range *lr)
+{
+	memset(lr, 0, sizeof(*lr));
+	lr->line_list = intlist__new(NULL);
+	if (!lr->line_list)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_line_num(char **ptr, int *val, const char *what)
+{
+	const char *start = *ptr;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	*val = strtol(*ptr, ptr, 0);
+	if (errno || *ptr == start) {
+		semantic_error("'%s' is not a valid number.\n", what);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Check the name is good for event, group or function */
+static bool is_c_func_name(const char *name)
+{
+	if (!isalpha(*name) && *name != '_')
+		return false;
+	while (*++name != '\0') {
+		if (!isalpha(*name) && !isdigit(*name) && *name != '_')
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stuff 'lr' according to the line range described by 'arg'.
+ * The line range syntax is described by:
+ *
+ *         SRC[:SLN[+NUM|-ELN]]
+ *         FNC[@SRC][:SLN[+NUM|-ELN]]
+ */
+int parse_line_range_desc(const char *arg, struct line_range *lr)
+{
+	char *range, *file, *name = strdup(arg);
+	int err;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	lr->start = 0;
+	lr->end = INT_MAX;
+
+	range = strchr(name, ':');
+	if (range) {
+		*range++ = '\0';
+
+		err = parse_line_num(&range, &lr->start, "start line");
+		if (err)
+			goto err;
+
+		if (*range == '+' || *range == '-') {
+			const char c = *range++;
+
+			err = parse_line_num(&range, &lr->end, "end line");
+			if (err)
+				goto err;
+
+			if (c == '+') {
+				lr->end += lr->start;
+				/*
+				 * Adjust the number of lines here.
+				 * If the number of lines == 1, the
+				 * the end of line should be equal to
+				 * the start of line.
+				 */
+				lr->end--;
+			}
+		}
+
+		pr_debug("Line range is %d to %d\n", lr->start, lr->end);
+
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		if (lr->start > lr->end) {
+			semantic_error("Start line must be smaller"
+				       " than end line.\n");
+			goto err;
+		}
+		if (*range != '\0') {
+			semantic_error("Tailing with invalid str '%s'.\n", range);
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	file = strchr(name, '@');
+	if (file) {
+		*file = '\0';
+		lr->file = strdup(++file);
+		if (lr->file == NULL) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto err;
+		}
+		lr->function = name;
+	} else if (strchr(name, '/') || strchr(name, '.'))
+		lr->file = name;
+	else if (is_c_func_name(name))/* We reuse it for checking funcname */
+		lr->function = name;
+	else {	/* Invalid name */
+		semantic_error("'%s' is not a valid function name.\n", name);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+err:
+	free(name);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int parse_perf_probe_event_name(char **arg, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+
+	ptr = strpbrk_esc(*arg, ":");
+	if (ptr) {
+		*ptr = '\0';
+		if (!pev->sdt && !is_c_func_name(*arg))
+			goto ng_name;
+		pev->group = strdup_esc(*arg);
+		if (!pev->group)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		*arg = ptr + 1;
+	} else
+		pev->group = NULL;
+
+	pev->event = strdup_esc(*arg);
+	if (pev->event == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (!pev->sdt && !is_c_func_name(pev->event)) {
+		zfree(&pev->event);
+ng_name:
+		zfree(&pev->group);
+		semantic_error("%s is bad for event name -it must "
+			       "follow C symbol-naming rule.\n", *arg);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parse probepoint definition. */
+static int parse_perf_probe_point(char *arg, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
+	char *ptr, *tmp;
+	char c, nc = 0;
+	bool file_spec = false;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * <Syntax>
+	 * perf probe [GRP:][EVENT=]SRC[:LN|;PTN]
+	 * perf probe [GRP:][EVENT=]FUNC[@SRC][+OFFS|%return|:LN|;PAT]
+	 * perf probe %[GRP:]SDT_EVENT
+	 */
+	if (!arg)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (is_sdt_event(arg)) {
+		pev->sdt = true;
+		if (arg[0] == '%')
+			arg++;
+	}
+
+	ptr = strpbrk_esc(arg, ";=@+%");
+	if (pev->sdt) {
+		if (ptr) {
+			if (*ptr != '@') {
+				semantic_error("%s must be an SDT name.\n",
+					       arg);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			/* This must be a target file name or build id */
+			tmp = build_id_cache__complement(ptr + 1);
+			if (tmp) {
+				pev->target = build_id_cache__origname(tmp);
+				free(tmp);
+			} else
+				pev->target = strdup_esc(ptr + 1);
+			if (!pev->target)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			*ptr = '\0';
+		}
+		ret = parse_perf_probe_event_name(&arg, pev);
+		if (ret == 0) {
+			if (asprintf(&pev->point.function, "%%%s", pev->event) < 0)
+				ret = -errno;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (ptr && *ptr == '=') {	/* Event name */
+		*ptr = '\0';
+		tmp = ptr + 1;
+		ret = parse_perf_probe_event_name(&arg, pev);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		arg = tmp;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check arg is function or file name and copy it.
+	 *
+	 * We consider arg to be a file spec if and only if it satisfies
+	 * all of the below criteria::
+	 * - it does not include any of "+@%",
+	 * - it includes one of ":;", and
+	 * - it has a period '.' in the name.
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise, we consider arg to be a function specification.
+	 */
+	if (!strpbrk_esc(arg, "+@%")) {
+		ptr = strpbrk_esc(arg, ";:");
+		/* This is a file spec if it includes a '.' before ; or : */
+		if (ptr && memchr(arg, '.', ptr - arg))
+			file_spec = true;
+	}
+
+	ptr = strpbrk_esc(arg, ";:+@%");
+	if (ptr) {
+		nc = *ptr;
+		*ptr++ = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (arg[0] == '\0')
+		tmp = NULL;
+	else {
+		tmp = strdup_esc(arg);
+		if (tmp == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	if (file_spec)
+		pp->file = tmp;
+	else {
+		pp->function = tmp;
+
+		/*
+		 * Keep pp->function even if this is absolute address,
+		 * so it can mark whether abs_address is valid.
+		 * Which make 'perf probe lib.bin 0x0' possible.
+		 *
+		 * Note that checking length of tmp is not needed
+		 * because when we access tmp[1] we know tmp[0] is '0',
+		 * so tmp[1] should always valid (but could be '\0').
+		 */
+		if (tmp && !strncmp(tmp, "0x", 2)) {
+			pp->abs_address = strtoul(pp->function, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp != '\0') {
+				semantic_error("Invalid absolute address.\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Parse other options */
+	while (ptr) {
+		arg = ptr;
+		c = nc;
+		if (c == ';') {	/* Lazy pattern must be the last part */
+			pp->lazy_line = strdup(arg); /* let leave escapes */
+			if (pp->lazy_line == NULL)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+		ptr = strpbrk_esc(arg, ";:+@%");
+		if (ptr) {
+			nc = *ptr;
+			*ptr++ = '\0';
+		}
+		switch (c) {
+		case ':':	/* Line number */
+			pp->line = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp != '\0') {
+				semantic_error("There is non-digit char"
+					       " in line number.\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			break;
+		case '+':	/* Byte offset from a symbol */
+			pp->offset = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp != '\0') {
+				semantic_error("There is non-digit character"
+						" in offset.\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			break;
+		case '@':	/* File name */
+			if (pp->file) {
+				semantic_error("SRC@SRC is not allowed.\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			pp->file = strdup_esc(arg);
+			if (pp->file == NULL)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		case '%':	/* Probe places */
+			if (strcmp(arg, "return") == 0) {
+				pp->retprobe = 1;
+			} else {	/* Others not supported yet */
+				semantic_error("%%%s is not supported.\n", arg);
+				return -ENOTSUP;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:	/* Buggy case */
+			pr_err("This program has a bug at %s:%d.\n",
+				__FILE__, __LINE__);
+			return -ENOTSUP;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Exclusion check */
+	if (pp->lazy_line && pp->line) {
+		semantic_error("Lazy pattern can't be used with"
+			       " line number.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (pp->lazy_line && pp->offset) {
+		semantic_error("Lazy pattern can't be used with offset.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (pp->line && pp->offset) {
+		semantic_error("Offset can't be used with line number.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!pp->line && !pp->lazy_line && pp->file && !pp->function) {
+		semantic_error("File always requires line number or "
+			       "lazy pattern.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (pp->offset && !pp->function) {
+		semantic_error("Offset requires an entry function.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((pp->offset || pp->line || pp->lazy_line) && pp->retprobe) {
+		semantic_error("Offset/Line/Lazy pattern can't be used with "
+			       "return probe.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	pr_debug("symbol:%s file:%s line:%d offset:%lu return:%d lazy:%s\n",
+		 pp->function, pp->file, pp->line, pp->offset, pp->retprobe,
+		 pp->lazy_line);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parse perf-probe event argument */
+static int parse_perf_probe_arg(char *str, struct perf_probe_arg *arg)
+{
+	char *tmp, *goodname;
+	struct perf_probe_arg_field **fieldp;
+
+	pr_debug("parsing arg: %s into ", str);
+
+	tmp = strchr(str, '=');
+	if (tmp) {
+		arg->name = strndup(str, tmp - str);
+		if (arg->name == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		pr_debug("name:%s ", arg->name);
+		str = tmp + 1;
+	}
+
+	tmp = strchr(str, '@');
+	if (tmp && tmp != str && !strcmp(tmp + 1, "user")) { /* user attr */
+		if (!user_access_is_supported()) {
+			semantic_error("ftrace does not support user access\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		*tmp = '\0';
+		arg->user_access = true;
+		pr_debug("user_access ");
+	}
+
+	tmp = strchr(str, ':');
+	if (tmp) {	/* Type setting */
+		*tmp = '\0';
+		arg->type = strdup(tmp + 1);
+		if (arg->type == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		pr_debug("type:%s ", arg->type);
+	}
+
+	tmp = strpbrk(str, "-.[");
+	if (!is_c_varname(str) || !tmp) {
+		/* A variable, register, symbol or special value */
+		arg->var = strdup(str);
+		if (arg->var == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		pr_debug("%s\n", arg->var);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Structure fields or array element */
+	arg->var = strndup(str, tmp - str);
+	if (arg->var == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	goodname = arg->var;
+	pr_debug("%s, ", arg->var);
+	fieldp = &arg->field;
+
+	do {
+		*fieldp = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg_field));
+		if (*fieldp == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		if (*tmp == '[') {	/* Array */
+			str = tmp;
+			(*fieldp)->index = strtol(str + 1, &tmp, 0);
+			(*fieldp)->ref = true;
+			if (*tmp != ']' || tmp == str + 1) {
+				semantic_error("Array index must be a"
+						" number.\n");
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			tmp++;
+			if (*tmp == '\0')
+				tmp = NULL;
+		} else {		/* Structure */
+			if (*tmp == '.') {
+				str = tmp + 1;
+				(*fieldp)->ref = false;
+			} else if (tmp[1] == '>') {
+				str = tmp + 2;
+				(*fieldp)->ref = true;
+			} else {
+				semantic_error("Argument parse error: %s\n",
+					       str);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			tmp = strpbrk(str, "-.[");
+		}
+		if (tmp) {
+			(*fieldp)->name = strndup(str, tmp - str);
+			if ((*fieldp)->name == NULL)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			if (*str != '[')
+				goodname = (*fieldp)->name;
+			pr_debug("%s(%d), ", (*fieldp)->name, (*fieldp)->ref);
+			fieldp = &(*fieldp)->next;
+		}
+	} while (tmp);
+	(*fieldp)->name = strdup(str);
+	if ((*fieldp)->name == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (*str != '[')
+		goodname = (*fieldp)->name;
+	pr_debug("%s(%d)\n", (*fieldp)->name, (*fieldp)->ref);
+
+	/* If no name is specified, set the last field name (not array index)*/
+	if (!arg->name) {
+		arg->name = strdup(goodname);
+		if (arg->name == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parse perf-probe event command */
+int parse_perf_probe_command(const char *cmd, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	char **argv;
+	int argc, i, ret = 0;
+
+	argv = argv_split(cmd, &argc);
+	if (!argv) {
+		pr_debug("Failed to split arguments.\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	if (argc - 1 > MAX_PROBE_ARGS) {
+		semantic_error("Too many probe arguments (%d).\n", argc - 1);
+		ret = -ERANGE;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/* Parse probe point */
+	ret = parse_perf_probe_point(argv[0], pev);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Generate event name if needed */
+	if (!pev->event && pev->point.function && pev->point.line
+			&& !pev->point.lazy_line && !pev->point.offset) {
+		if (asprintf(&pev->event, "%s_L%d", pev->point.function,
+			pev->point.line) < 0) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Copy arguments and ensure return probe has no C argument */
+	pev->nargs = argc - 1;
+	pev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * pev->nargs);
+	if (pev->args == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs && ret >= 0; i++) {
+		ret = parse_perf_probe_arg(argv[i + 1], &pev->args[i]);
+		if (ret >= 0 &&
+		    is_c_varname(pev->args[i].var) && pev->point.retprobe) {
+			semantic_error("You can't specify local variable for"
+				       " kretprobe.\n");
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	argv_free(argv);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Returns true if *any* ARG is either C variable, $params or $vars. */
+bool perf_probe_with_var(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++)
+		if (is_c_varname(pev->args[i].var)              ||
+		    !strcmp(pev->args[i].var, PROBE_ARG_PARAMS) ||
+		    !strcmp(pev->args[i].var, PROBE_ARG_VARS))
+			return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if this perf_probe_event requires debuginfo */
+bool perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	if (pev->point.file || pev->point.line || pev->point.lazy_line)
+		return true;
+
+	if (perf_probe_with_var(pev))
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* Parse probe_events event into struct probe_point */
+int parse_probe_trace_command(const char *cmd, struct probe_trace_event *tev)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
+	char pr;
+	char *p;
+	char *argv0_str = NULL, *fmt, *fmt1_str, *fmt2_str, *fmt3_str;
+	int ret, i, argc;
+	char **argv;
+
+	pr_debug("Parsing probe_events: %s\n", cmd);
+	argv = argv_split(cmd, &argc);
+	if (!argv) {
+		pr_debug("Failed to split arguments.\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	if (argc < 2) {
+		semantic_error("Too few probe arguments.\n");
+		ret = -ERANGE;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Scan event and group name. */
+	argv0_str = strdup(argv[0]);
+	if (argv0_str == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	fmt1_str = strtok_r(argv0_str, ":", &fmt);
+	fmt2_str = strtok_r(NULL, "/", &fmt);
+	fmt3_str = strtok_r(NULL, " \t", &fmt);
+	if (fmt1_str == NULL || fmt2_str == NULL || fmt3_str == NULL) {
+		semantic_error("Failed to parse event name: %s\n", argv[0]);
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pr = fmt1_str[0];
+	tev->group = strdup(fmt2_str);
+	tev->event = strdup(fmt3_str);
+	if (tev->group == NULL || tev->event == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pr_debug("Group:%s Event:%s probe:%c\n", tev->group, tev->event, pr);
+
+	tp->retprobe = (pr == 'r');
+
+	/* Scan module name(if there), function name and offset */
+	p = strchr(argv[1], ':');
+	if (p) {
+		tp->module = strndup(argv[1], p - argv[1]);
+		if (!tp->module) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		tev->uprobes = (tp->module[0] == '/');
+		p++;
+	} else
+		p = argv[1];
+	fmt1_str = strtok_r(p, "+", &fmt);
+	/* only the address started with 0x */
+	if (fmt1_str[0] == '0')	{
+		/*
+		 * Fix a special case:
+		 * if address == 0, kernel reports something like:
+		 * p:probe_libc/abs_0 /lib/libc-2.18.so:0x          (null) arg1=%ax
+		 * Newer kernel may fix that, but we want to
+		 * support old kernel also.
+		 */
+		if (strcmp(fmt1_str, "0x") == 0) {
+			if (!argv[2] || strcmp(argv[2], "(null)")) {
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			tp->address = 0;
+
+			free(argv[2]);
+			for (i = 2; argv[i + 1] != NULL; i++)
+				argv[i] = argv[i + 1];
+
+			argv[i] = NULL;
+			argc -= 1;
+		} else
+			tp->address = strtoul(fmt1_str, NULL, 0);
+	} else {
+		/* Only the symbol-based probe has offset */
+		tp->symbol = strdup(fmt1_str);
+		if (tp->symbol == NULL) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		fmt2_str = strtok_r(NULL, "", &fmt);
+		if (fmt2_str == NULL)
+			tp->offset = 0;
+		else
+			tp->offset = strtoul(fmt2_str, NULL, 10);
+	}
+
+	if (tev->uprobes) {
+		fmt2_str = strchr(p, '(');
+		if (fmt2_str)
+			tp->ref_ctr_offset = strtoul(fmt2_str + 1, NULL, 0);
+	}
+
+	tev->nargs = argc - 2;
+	tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) * tev->nargs);
+	if (tev->args == NULL) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
+		p = strchr(argv[i + 2], '=');
+		if (p)	/* We don't need which register is assigned. */
+			*p++ = '\0';
+		else
+			p = argv[i + 2];
+		tev->args[i].name = strdup(argv[i + 2]);
+		/* TODO: parse regs and offset */
+		tev->args[i].value = strdup(p);
+		if (tev->args[i].name == NULL || tev->args[i].value == NULL) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	free(argv0_str);
+	argv_free(argv);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Compose only probe arg */
+char *synthesize_perf_probe_arg(struct perf_probe_arg *pa)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field = pa->field;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	char *ret = NULL;
+	int err;
+
+	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (pa->name && pa->var)
+		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s=%s", pa->name, pa->var);
+	else
+		err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, pa->name ?: pa->var);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	while (field) {
+		if (field->name[0] == '[')
+			err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, field->name);
+		else
+			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", field->ref ? "->" : ".",
+					  field->name);
+		field = field->next;
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (pa->type)
+		if (strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%s", pa->type) < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Compose only probe point (not argument) */
+char *synthesize_perf_probe_point(struct perf_probe_point *pp)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
+	int len, err = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (pp->function) {
+		if (strbuf_addstr(&buf, pp->function) < 0)
+			goto out;
+		if (pp->offset)
+			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "+%lu", pp->offset);
+		else if (pp->line)
+			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%d", pp->line);
+		else if (pp->retprobe)
+			err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, "%return");
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	if (pp->file) {
+		tmp = pp->file;
+		len = strlen(tmp);
+		if (len > 30) {
+			tmp = strchr(pp->file + len - 30, '/');
+			tmp = tmp ? tmp + 1 : pp->file + len - 30;
+		}
+		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "@%s", tmp);
+		if (!err && !pp->function && pp->line)
+			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%d", pp->line);
+	}
+	if (!err)
+		ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+char *synthesize_perf_probe_command(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64))
+		return NULL;
+	if (pev->event)
+		if (strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s=", pev->group ?: PERFPROBE_GROUP,
+				pev->event) < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+	tmp = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
+	if (!tmp || strbuf_addstr(&buf, tmp) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	free(tmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++) {
+		tmp = synthesize_perf_probe_arg(pev->args + i);
+		if (!tmp || strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", tmp) < 0)
+			goto out;
+		free(tmp);
+	}
+
+	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref,
+					    struct strbuf *buf, int depth)
+{
+	int err;
+	if (ref->next) {
+		depth = __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(ref->next, buf,
+							 depth + 1);
+		if (depth < 0)
+			return depth;
+	}
+	if (ref->user_access)
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%s%ld(", "+u", ref->offset);
+	else
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%+ld(", ref->offset);
+	return (err < 0) ? err : depth;
+}
+
+static int synthesize_probe_trace_arg(struct probe_trace_arg *arg,
+				      struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref = arg->ref;
+	int depth = 0, err;
+
+	/* Argument name or separator */
+	if (arg->name)
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, " %s=", arg->name);
+	else
+		err = strbuf_addch(buf, ' ');
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Special case: @XXX */
+	if (arg->value[0] == '@' && arg->ref)
+			ref = ref->next;
+
+	/* Dereferencing arguments */
+	if (ref) {
+		depth = __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(ref, buf, 1);
+		if (depth < 0)
+			return depth;
+	}
+
+	/* Print argument value */
+	if (arg->value[0] == '@' && arg->ref)
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%s%+ld", arg->value, arg->ref->offset);
+	else
+		err = strbuf_addstr(buf, arg->value);
+
+	/* Closing */
+	while (!err && depth--)
+		err = strbuf_addch(buf, ')');
+
+	/* Print argument type */
+	if (!err && arg->type)
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, ":%s", arg->type);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int
+synthesize_uprobe_trace_def(struct probe_trace_event *tev, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
+	int err;
+
+	err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%s:0x%lx", tp->module, tp->address);
+
+	if (err >= 0 && tp->ref_ctr_offset) {
+		if (!uprobe_ref_ctr_is_supported())
+			return -1;
+		err = strbuf_addf(buf, "(0x%lx)", tp->ref_ctr_offset);
+	}
+	return err >= 0 ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+char *synthesize_probe_trace_command(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	char *ret = NULL;
+	int i, err;
+
+	/* Uprobes must have tp->module */
+	if (tev->uprobes && !tp->module)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 32) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (strbuf_addf(&buf, "%c:%s/%s ", tp->retprobe ? 'r' : 'p',
+			tev->group, tev->event) < 0)
+		goto error;
+	/*
+	 * If tp->address == 0, then this point must be a
+	 * absolute address uprobe.
+	 * try_to_find_absolute_address() should have made
+	 * tp->symbol to "0x0".
+	 */
+	if (tev->uprobes && !tp->address) {
+		if (!tp->symbol || strcmp(tp->symbol, "0x0"))
+			goto error;
+	}
+
+	/* Use the tp->address for uprobes */
+	if (tev->uprobes) {
+		err = synthesize_uprobe_trace_def(tev, &buf);
+	} else if (!strncmp(tp->symbol, "0x", 2)) {
+		/* Absolute address. See try_to_find_absolute_address() */
+		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s0x%lx", tp->module ?: "",
+				  tp->module ? ":" : "", tp->address);
+	} else {
+		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s%s+%lu", tp->module ?: "",
+				tp->module ? ":" : "", tp->symbol, tp->offset);
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		goto error;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
+		if (synthesize_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &buf) < 0)
+			goto error;
+
+	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+error:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_perf_probe_point_from_map(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
+					  struct perf_probe_point *pp,
+					  bool is_kprobe)
+{
+	struct symbol *sym = NULL;
+	struct map *map = NULL;
+	u64 addr = tp->address;
+	int ret = -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!is_kprobe) {
+		map = dso__new_map(tp->module);
+		if (!map)
+			goto out;
+		sym = map__find_symbol(map, addr);
+	} else {
+		if (tp->symbol && !addr) {
+			if (kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(tp->symbol,
+						&addr, true, false) < 0)
+				goto out;
+		}
+		if (addr) {
+			addr += tp->offset;
+			sym = machine__find_kernel_symbol(host_machine, addr, &map);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!sym)
+		goto out;
+
+	pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
+	pp->offset = addr - map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start);
+	pp->function = strdup(sym->name);
+	ret = pp->function ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+
+out:
+	if (map && !is_kprobe) {
+		map__put(map);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int convert_to_perf_probe_point(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
+				       struct perf_probe_point *pp,
+				       bool is_kprobe)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(tp, pp, is_kprobe);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+	ret = find_perf_probe_point_from_map(tp, pp, is_kprobe);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+
+	pr_debug("Failed to find probe point from both of dwarf and map.\n");
+
+	if (tp->symbol) {
+		pp->function = strdup(tp->symbol);
+		pp->offset = tp->offset;
+	} else {
+		ret = e_snprintf(buf, 128, "0x%" PRIx64, (u64)tp->address);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		pp->function = strdup(buf);
+		pp->offset = 0;
+	}
+	if (pp->function == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int convert_to_perf_probe_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
+			       struct perf_probe_event *pev, bool is_kprobe)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, ret;
+
+	/* Convert event/group name */
+	pev->event = strdup(tev->event);
+	pev->group = strdup(tev->group);
+	if (pev->event == NULL || pev->group == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Convert trace_point to probe_point */
+	ret = convert_to_perf_probe_point(&tev->point, &pev->point, is_kprobe);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Convert trace_arg to probe_arg */
+	pev->nargs = tev->nargs;
+	pev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * pev->nargs);
+	if (pev->args == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs && ret >= 0; i++) {
+		if (tev->args[i].name)
+			pev->args[i].name = strdup(tev->args[i].name);
+		else {
+			if ((ret = strbuf_init(&buf, 32)) < 0)
+				goto error;
+			ret = synthesize_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &buf);
+			pev->args[i].name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+		if (pev->args[i].name == NULL && ret >= 0)
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+	}
+error:
+	if (ret < 0)
+		clear_perf_probe_event(pev);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void clear_perf_probe_event(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	zfree(&pev->event);
+	zfree(&pev->group);
+	zfree(&pev->target);
+	clear_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++) {
+		zfree(&pev->args[i].name);
+		zfree(&pev->args[i].var);
+		zfree(&pev->args[i].type);
+		field = pev->args[i].field;
+		while (field) {
+			next = field->next;
+			zfree(&field->name);
+			free(field);
+			field = next;
+		}
+	}
+	pev->nargs = 0;
+	zfree(&pev->args);
+}
+
+#define strdup_or_goto(str, label)	\
+({ char *__p = NULL; if (str && !(__p = strdup(str))) goto label; __p; })
+
+static int perf_probe_point__copy(struct perf_probe_point *dst,
+				  struct perf_probe_point *src)
+{
+	dst->file = strdup_or_goto(src->file, out_err);
+	dst->function = strdup_or_goto(src->function, out_err);
+	dst->lazy_line = strdup_or_goto(src->lazy_line, out_err);
+	dst->line = src->line;
+	dst->retprobe = src->retprobe;
+	dst->offset = src->offset;
+	return 0;
+
+out_err:
+	clear_perf_probe_point(dst);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static int perf_probe_arg__copy(struct perf_probe_arg *dst,
+				struct perf_probe_arg *src)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field, **ppfield;
+
+	dst->name = strdup_or_goto(src->name, out_err);
+	dst->var = strdup_or_goto(src->var, out_err);
+	dst->type = strdup_or_goto(src->type, out_err);
+
+	field = src->field;
+	ppfield = &(dst->field);
+	while (field) {
+		*ppfield = zalloc(sizeof(*field));
+		if (!*ppfield)
+			goto out_err;
+		(*ppfield)->name = strdup_or_goto(field->name, out_err);
+		(*ppfield)->index = field->index;
+		(*ppfield)->ref = field->ref;
+		field = field->next;
+		ppfield = &((*ppfield)->next);
+	}
+	return 0;
+out_err:
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+int perf_probe_event__copy(struct perf_probe_event *dst,
+			   struct perf_probe_event *src)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	dst->event = strdup_or_goto(src->event, out_err);
+	dst->group = strdup_or_goto(src->group, out_err);
+	dst->target = strdup_or_goto(src->target, out_err);
+	dst->uprobes = src->uprobes;
+
+	if (perf_probe_point__copy(&dst->point, &src->point) < 0)
+		goto out_err;
+
+	dst->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * src->nargs);
+	if (!dst->args)
+		goto out_err;
+	dst->nargs = src->nargs;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < src->nargs; i++)
+		if (perf_probe_arg__copy(&dst->args[i], &src->args[i]) < 0)
+			goto out_err;
+	return 0;
+
+out_err:
+	clear_perf_probe_event(dst);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+void clear_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	zfree(&tev->event);
+	zfree(&tev->group);
+	zfree(&tev->point.symbol);
+	zfree(&tev->point.realname);
+	zfree(&tev->point.module);
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
+		zfree(&tev->args[i].name);
+		zfree(&tev->args[i].value);
+		zfree(&tev->args[i].type);
+		ref = tev->args[i].ref;
+		while (ref) {
+			next = ref->next;
+			free(ref);
+			ref = next;
+		}
+	}
+	zfree(&tev->args);
+	tev->nargs = 0;
+}
+
+struct kprobe_blacklist_node {
+	struct list_head list;
+	unsigned long start;
+	unsigned long end;
+	char *symbol;
+};
+
+static void kprobe_blacklist__delete(struct list_head *blacklist)
+{
+	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
+
+	while (!list_empty(blacklist)) {
+		node = list_first_entry(blacklist,
+					struct kprobe_blacklist_node, list);
+		list_del_init(&node->list);
+		zfree(&node->symbol);
+		free(node);
+	}
+}
+
+static int kprobe_blacklist__load(struct list_head *blacklist)
+{
+	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
+	const char *__debugfs = debugfs__mountpoint();
+	char buf[PATH_MAX], *p;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (__debugfs == NULL)
+		return -ENOTSUP;
+
+	ret = e_snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/kprobes/blacklist", __debugfs);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	fp = fopen(buf, "r");
+	if (!fp)
+		return -errno;
+
+	ret = 0;
+	while (fgets(buf, PATH_MAX, fp)) {
+		node = zalloc(sizeof(*node));
+		if (!node) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->list);
+		list_add_tail(&node->list, blacklist);
+		if (sscanf(buf, "0x%lx-0x%lx", &node->start, &node->end) != 2) {
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+		p = strchr(buf, '\t');
+		if (p) {
+			p++;
+			if (p[strlen(p) - 1] == '\n')
+				p[strlen(p) - 1] = '\0';
+		} else
+			p = (char *)"unknown";
+		node->symbol = strdup(p);
+		if (!node->symbol) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+		pr_debug2("Blacklist: 0x%lx-0x%lx, %s\n",
+			  node->start, node->end, node->symbol);
+		ret++;
+	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		kprobe_blacklist__delete(blacklist);
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct kprobe_blacklist_node *
+kprobe_blacklist__find_by_address(struct list_head *blacklist,
+				  unsigned long address)
+{
+	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(node, blacklist, list) {
+		if (node->start <= address && address < node->end)
+			return node;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static LIST_HEAD(kprobe_blacklist);
+
+static void kprobe_blacklist__init(void)
+{
+	if (!list_empty(&kprobe_blacklist))
+		return;
+
+	if (kprobe_blacklist__load(&kprobe_blacklist) < 0)
+		pr_debug("No kprobe blacklist support, ignored\n");
+}
+
+static void kprobe_blacklist__release(void)
+{
+	kprobe_blacklist__delete(&kprobe_blacklist);
+}
+
+static bool kprobe_blacklist__listed(unsigned long address)
+{
+	return !!kprobe_blacklist__find_by_address(&kprobe_blacklist, address);
+}
+
+static int perf_probe_event__sprintf(const char *group, const char *event,
+				     struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				     const char *module,
+				     struct strbuf *result)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+	char *buf;
+
+	if (asprintf(&buf, "%s:%s", group, event) < 0)
+		return -errno;
+	ret = strbuf_addf(result, "  %-20s (on ", buf);
+	free(buf);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Synthesize only event probe point */
+	buf = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	ret = strbuf_addstr(result, buf);
+	free(buf);
+
+	if (!ret && module)
+		ret = strbuf_addf(result, " in %s", module);
+
+	if (!ret && pev->nargs > 0) {
+		ret = strbuf_add(result, " with", 5);
+		for (i = 0; !ret && i < pev->nargs; i++) {
+			buf = synthesize_perf_probe_arg(&pev->args[i]);
+			if (!buf)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			ret = strbuf_addf(result, " %s", buf);
+			free(buf);
+		}
+	}
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = strbuf_addch(result, ')');
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Show an event */
+int show_perf_probe_event(const char *group, const char *event,
+			  struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+			  const char *module, bool use_stdout)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = perf_probe_event__sprintf(group, event, pev, module, &buf);
+	if (ret >= 0) {
+		if (use_stdout)
+			printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
+		else
+			pr_info("%s\n", buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static bool filter_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
+				     struct strfilter *filter)
+{
+	char tmp[128];
+
+	/* At first, check the event name itself */
+	if (strfilter__compare(filter, tev->event))
+		return true;
+
+	/* Next, check the combination of name and group */
+	if (e_snprintf(tmp, 128, "%s:%s", tev->group, tev->event) < 0)
+		return false;
+	return strfilter__compare(filter, tmp);
+}
+
+static int __show_perf_probe_events(int fd, bool is_kprobe,
+				    struct strfilter *filter)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct probe_trace_event tev;
+	struct perf_probe_event pev;
+	struct strlist *rawlist;
+	struct str_node *ent;
+
+	memset(&tev, 0, sizeof(tev));
+	memset(&pev, 0, sizeof(pev));
+
+	rawlist = probe_file__get_rawlist(fd);
+	if (!rawlist)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	strlist__for_each_entry(ent, rawlist) {
+		ret = parse_probe_trace_command(ent->s, &tev);
+		if (ret >= 0) {
+			if (!filter_probe_trace_event(&tev, filter))
+				goto next;
+			ret = convert_to_perf_probe_event(&tev, &pev,
+								is_kprobe);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto next;
+			ret = show_perf_probe_event(pev.group, pev.event,
+						    &pev, tev.point.module,
+						    true);
+		}
+next:
+		clear_perf_probe_event(&pev);
+		clear_probe_trace_event(&tev);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	strlist__delete(rawlist);
+	/* Cleanup cached debuginfo if needed */
+	debuginfo_cache__exit();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* List up current perf-probe events */
+int show_perf_probe_events(struct strfilter *filter)
+{
+	int kp_fd, up_fd, ret;
+
+	setup_pager();
+
+	if (probe_conf.cache)
+		return probe_cache__show_all_caches(filter);
+
+	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(false);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = probe_file__open_both(&kp_fd, &up_fd, 0);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (kp_fd >= 0)
+		ret = __show_perf_probe_events(kp_fd, true, filter);
+	if (up_fd >= 0 && ret >= 0)
+		ret = __show_perf_probe_events(up_fd, false, filter);
+	if (kp_fd > 0)
+		close(kp_fd);
+	if (up_fd > 0)
+		close(up_fd);
+	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_new_event_name(char *buf, size_t len, const char *base,
+			      struct strlist *namelist, bool ret_event,
+			      bool allow_suffix)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+	char *p, *nbase;
+
+	if (*base == '.')
+		base++;
+	nbase = strdup(base);
+	if (!nbase)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Cut off the dot suffixes (e.g. .const, .isra) and version suffixes */
+	p = strpbrk(nbase, ".@");
+	if (p && p != nbase)
+		*p = '\0';
+
+	/* Try no suffix number */
+	ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s%s", nbase, ret_event ? "__return" : "");
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_debug("snprintf() failed: %d\n", ret);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!allow_suffix) {
+		pr_warning("Error: event \"%s\" already exists.\n"
+			   " Hint: Remove existing event by 'perf probe -d'\n"
+			   "       or force duplicates by 'perf probe -f'\n"
+			   "       or set 'force=yes' in BPF source.\n",
+			   buf);
+		ret = -EEXIST;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to add suffix */
+	for (i = 1; i < MAX_EVENT_INDEX; i++) {
+		ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s_%d", nbase, i);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			pr_debug("snprintf() failed: %d\n", ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == MAX_EVENT_INDEX) {
+		pr_warning("Too many events are on the same function.\n");
+		ret = -ERANGE;
+	}
+
+out:
+	free(nbase);
+
+	/* Final validation */
+	if (ret >= 0 && !is_c_func_name(buf)) {
+		pr_warning("Internal error: \"%s\" is an invalid event name.\n",
+			   buf);
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Warn if the current kernel's uprobe implementation is old */
+static void warn_uprobe_event_compat(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *buf = synthesize_probe_trace_command(tev);
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
+
+	if (tp->ref_ctr_offset && !uprobe_ref_ctr_is_supported()) {
+		pr_warning("A semaphore is associated with %s:%s and "
+			   "seems your kernel doesn't support it.\n",
+			   tev->group, tev->event);
+	}
+
+	/* Old uprobe event doesn't support memory dereference */
+	if (!tev->uprobes || tev->nargs == 0 || !buf)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
+		if (strglobmatch(tev->args[i].value, "[$@+-]*")) {
+			pr_warning("Please upgrade your kernel to at least "
+				   "3.14 to have access to feature %s\n",
+				   tev->args[i].value);
+			break;
+		}
+out:
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+/* Set new name from original perf_probe_event and namelist */
+static int probe_trace_event__set_name(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
+				       struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				       struct strlist *namelist,
+				       bool allow_suffix)
+{
+	const char *event, *group;
+	char buf[64];
+	int ret;
+
+	/* If probe_event or trace_event already have the name, reuse it */
+	if (pev->event && !pev->sdt)
+		event = pev->event;
+	else if (tev->event)
+		event = tev->event;
+	else {
+		/* Or generate new one from probe point */
+		if (pev->point.function &&
+			(strncmp(pev->point.function, "0x", 2) != 0) &&
+			!strisglob(pev->point.function))
+			event = pev->point.function;
+		else
+			event = tev->point.realname;
+	}
+	if (pev->group && !pev->sdt)
+		group = pev->group;
+	else if (tev->group)
+		group = tev->group;
+	else
+		group = PERFPROBE_GROUP;
+
+	/* Get an unused new event name */
+	ret = get_new_event_name(buf, 64, event, namelist,
+				 tev->point.retprobe, allow_suffix);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	event = buf;
+
+	tev->event = strdup(event);
+	tev->group = strdup(group);
+	if (tev->event == NULL || tev->group == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * Add new event name to namelist if multiprobe event is NOT
+	 * supported, since we have to use new event name for following
+	 * probes in that case.
+	 */
+	if (!multiprobe_event_is_supported())
+		strlist__add(namelist, event);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __open_probe_file_and_namelist(bool uprobe,
+					  struct strlist **namelist)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = probe_file__open(PF_FL_RW | (uprobe ? PF_FL_UPROBE : 0));
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return fd;
+
+	/* Get current event names */
+	*namelist = probe_file__get_namelist(fd);
+	if (!(*namelist)) {
+		pr_debug("Failed to get current event list.\n");
+		close(fd);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+static int __add_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				     struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
+				     int ntevs, bool allow_suffix)
+{
+	int i, fd[2] = {-1, -1}, up, ret;
+	struct probe_trace_event *tev = NULL;
+	struct probe_cache *cache = NULL;
+	struct strlist *namelist[2] = {NULL, NULL};
+	struct nscookie nsc;
+
+	up = pev->uprobes ? 1 : 0;
+	fd[up] = __open_probe_file_and_namelist(up, &namelist[up]);
+	if (fd[up] < 0)
+		return fd[up];
+
+	ret = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
+		tev = &tevs[i];
+		up = tev->uprobes ? 1 : 0;
+		if (fd[up] == -1) {	/* Open the kprobe/uprobe_events */
+			fd[up] = __open_probe_file_and_namelist(up,
+								&namelist[up]);
+			if (fd[up] < 0)
+				goto close_out;
+		}
+		/* Skip if the symbol is out of .text or blacklisted */
+		if (!tev->point.symbol && !pev->uprobes)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Set new name for tev (and update namelist) */
+		ret = probe_trace_event__set_name(tev, pev, namelist[up],
+						  allow_suffix);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+
+		nsinfo__mountns_enter(pev->nsi, &nsc);
+		ret = probe_file__add_event(fd[up], tev);
+		nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Probes after the first probe which comes from same
+		 * user input are always allowed to add suffix, because
+		 * there might be several addresses corresponding to
+		 * one code line.
+		 */
+		allow_suffix = true;
+	}
+	if (ret == -EINVAL && pev->uprobes)
+		warn_uprobe_event_compat(tev);
+	if (ret == 0 && probe_conf.cache) {
+		cache = probe_cache__new(pev->target, pev->nsi);
+		if (!cache ||
+		    probe_cache__add_entry(cache, pev, tevs, ntevs) < 0 ||
+		    probe_cache__commit(cache) < 0)
+			pr_warning("Failed to add event to probe cache\n");
+		probe_cache__delete(cache);
+	}
+
+close_out:
+	for (up = 0; up < 2; up++) {
+		strlist__delete(namelist[up]);
+		if (fd[up] >= 0)
+			close(fd[up]);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_probe_functions(struct map *map, char *name,
+				struct symbol **syms)
+{
+	int found = 0;
+	struct symbol *sym;
+	struct rb_node *tmp;
+	const char *norm, *ver;
+	char *buf = NULL;
+	bool cut_version = true;
+
+	if (map__load(map) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* If user gives a version, don't cut off the version from symbols */
+	if (strchr(name, '@'))
+		cut_version = false;
+
+	map__for_each_symbol(map, sym, tmp) {
+		norm = arch__normalize_symbol_name(sym->name);
+		if (!norm)
+			continue;
+
+		if (cut_version) {
+			/* We don't care about default symbol or not */
+			ver = strchr(norm, '@');
+			if (ver) {
+				buf = strndup(norm, ver - norm);
+				if (!buf)
+					return -ENOMEM;
+				norm = buf;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (strglobmatch(norm, name)) {
+			found++;
+			if (syms && found < probe_conf.max_probes)
+				syms[found - 1] = sym;
+		}
+		if (buf)
+			zfree(&buf);
+	}
+
+	return found;
+}
+
+void __weak arch__fix_tev_from_maps(struct perf_probe_event *pev __maybe_unused,
+				struct probe_trace_event *tev __maybe_unused,
+				struct map *map __maybe_unused,
+				struct symbol *sym __maybe_unused) { }
+
+/*
+ * Find probe function addresses from map.
+ * Return an error or the number of found probe_trace_event
+ */
+static int find_probe_trace_events_from_map(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					    struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	struct map *map = NULL;
+	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym = NULL;
+	struct symbol *sym;
+	struct symbol **syms = NULL;
+	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
+	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp;
+	int num_matched_functions;
+	int ret, i, j, skipped = 0;
+	char *mod_name;
+
+	map = get_target_map(pev->target, pev->nsi, pev->uprobes);
+	if (!map) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	syms = malloc(sizeof(struct symbol *) * probe_conf.max_probes);
+	if (!syms) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Load matched symbols: Since the different local symbols may have
+	 * same name but different addresses, this lists all the symbols.
+	 */
+	num_matched_functions = find_probe_functions(map, pp->function, syms);
+	if (num_matched_functions <= 0) {
+		pr_err("Failed to find symbol %s in %s\n", pp->function,
+			pev->target ? : "kernel");
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	} else if (num_matched_functions > probe_conf.max_probes) {
+		pr_err("Too many functions matched in %s\n",
+			pev->target ? : "kernel");
+		ret = -E2BIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Note that the symbols in the kmodule are not relocated */
+	if (!pev->uprobes && !pev->target &&
+			(!pp->retprobe || kretprobe_offset_is_supported())) {
+		reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym(NULL);
+		if (!reloc_sym) {
+			pr_warning("Relocated base symbol is not found!\n");
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Setup result trace-probe-events */
+	*tevs = zalloc(sizeof(*tev) * num_matched_functions);
+	if (!*tevs) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+	for (j = 0; j < num_matched_functions; j++) {
+		sym = syms[j];
+
+		if (sym->type != STT_FUNC)
+			continue;
+
+		/* There can be duplicated symbols in the map */
+		for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
+			if (sym->start == syms[i]->start) {
+				pr_debug("Found duplicated symbol %s @ %" PRIx64 "\n",
+					 sym->name, sym->start);
+				break;
+			}
+		if (i != j)
+			continue;
+
+		tev = (*tevs) + ret;
+		tp = &tev->point;
+		if (ret == num_matched_functions) {
+			pr_warning("Too many symbols are listed. Skip it.\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		ret++;
+
+		if (pp->offset > sym->end - sym->start) {
+			pr_warning("Offset %ld is bigger than the size of %s\n",
+				   pp->offset, sym->name);
+			ret = -ENOENT;
+			goto err_out;
+		}
+		/* Add one probe point */
+		tp->address = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) + pp->offset;
+
+		/* Check the kprobe (not in module) is within .text  */
+		if (!pev->uprobes && !pev->target &&
+		    kprobe_warn_out_range(sym->name, tp->address)) {
+			tp->symbol = NULL;	/* Skip it */
+			skipped++;
+		} else if (reloc_sym) {
+			tp->symbol = strdup_or_goto(reloc_sym->name, nomem_out);
+			tp->offset = tp->address - reloc_sym->addr;
+		} else {
+			tp->symbol = strdup_or_goto(sym->name, nomem_out);
+			tp->offset = pp->offset;
+		}
+		tp->realname = strdup_or_goto(sym->name, nomem_out);
+
+		tp->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
+		if (pev->target) {
+			if (pev->uprobes) {
+				tev->point.module = strdup_or_goto(pev->target,
+								   nomem_out);
+			} else {
+				mod_name = find_module_name(pev->target);
+				tev->point.module =
+					strdup(mod_name ? mod_name : pev->target);
+				free(mod_name);
+				if (!tev->point.module)
+					goto nomem_out;
+			}
+		}
+		tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
+		tev->nargs = pev->nargs;
+		if (tev->nargs) {
+			tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) *
+					   tev->nargs);
+			if (tev->args == NULL)
+				goto nomem_out;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
+			if (pev->args[i].name)
+				tev->args[i].name =
+					strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].name,
+							nomem_out);
+
+			tev->args[i].value = strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].var,
+							    nomem_out);
+			if (pev->args[i].type)
+				tev->args[i].type =
+					strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].type,
+							nomem_out);
+		}
+		arch__fix_tev_from_maps(pev, tev, map, sym);
+	}
+	if (ret == skipped) {
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	map__put(map);
+	free(syms);
+	return ret;
+
+nomem_out:
+	ret = -ENOMEM;
+err_out:
+	clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, num_matched_functions);
+	zfree(tevs);
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int try_to_find_absolute_address(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
+	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
+	struct probe_trace_point *tp;
+	int i, err;
+
+	if (!(pev->point.function && !strncmp(pev->point.function, "0x", 2)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is 'perf probe /lib/libc.so 0xabcd'. Try to probe at
+	 * absolute address.
+	 *
+	 * Only one tev can be generated by this.
+	 */
+	*tevs = zalloc(sizeof(*tev));
+	if (!*tevs)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	tev = *tevs;
+	tp = &tev->point;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't use tp->offset, use address directly, because
+	 * in synthesize_probe_trace_command() address cannot be
+	 * zero.
+	 */
+	tp->address = pev->point.abs_address;
+	tp->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
+	tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	/*
+	 * Give it a '0x' leading symbol name.
+	 * In __add_probe_trace_events, a NULL symbol is interpreted as
+	 * invalid.
+	 */
+	if (asprintf(&tp->symbol, "0x%lx", tp->address) < 0)
+		goto errout;
+
+	/* For kprobe, check range */
+	if ((!tev->uprobes) &&
+	    (kprobe_warn_out_range(tev->point.symbol,
+				   tev->point.address))) {
+		err = -EACCES;
+		goto errout;
+	}
+
+	if (asprintf(&tp->realname, "abs_%lx", tp->address) < 0)
+		goto errout;
+
+	if (pev->target) {
+		tp->module = strdup(pev->target);
+		if (!tp->module)
+			goto errout;
+	}
+
+	if (tev->group) {
+		tev->group = strdup(pev->group);
+		if (!tev->group)
+			goto errout;
+	}
+
+	if (pev->event) {
+		tev->event = strdup(pev->event);
+		if (!tev->event)
+			goto errout;
+	}
+
+	tev->nargs = pev->nargs;
+	tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) * tev->nargs);
+	if (!tev->args)
+		goto errout;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
+		copy_to_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &pev->args[i]);
+
+	return 1;
+
+errout:
+	clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, 1);
+	*tevs = NULL;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* Concatinate two arrays */
+static void *memcat(void *a, size_t sz_a, void *b, size_t sz_b)
+{
+	void *ret;
+
+	ret = malloc(sz_a + sz_b);
+	if (ret) {
+		memcpy(ret, a, sz_a);
+		memcpy(ret + sz_a, b, sz_b);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int
+concat_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event **tevs, int *ntevs,
+			  struct probe_trace_event **tevs2, int ntevs2)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_event *new_tevs;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (*ntevs == 0) {
+		*tevs = *tevs2;
+		*ntevs = ntevs2;
+		*tevs2 = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (*ntevs + ntevs2 > probe_conf.max_probes)
+		ret = -E2BIG;
+	else {
+		/* Concatinate the array of probe_trace_event */
+		new_tevs = memcat(*tevs, (*ntevs) * sizeof(**tevs),
+				  *tevs2, ntevs2 * sizeof(**tevs2));
+		if (!new_tevs)
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+		else {
+			free(*tevs);
+			*tevs = new_tevs;
+			*ntevs += ntevs2;
+		}
+	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs2, ntevs2);
+	zfree(tevs2);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to find probe_trace_event from given probe caches. Return the number
+ * of cached events found, if an error occurs return the error.
+ */
+static int find_cached_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+			      struct probe_trace_event **tevs,
+			      const char *target)
+{
+	struct probe_cache *cache;
+	struct probe_cache_entry *entry;
+	struct probe_trace_event *tmp_tevs = NULL;
+	int ntevs = 0;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	cache = probe_cache__new(target, pev->nsi);
+	/* Return 0 ("not found") if the target has no probe cache. */
+	if (!cache)
+		return 0;
+
+	for_each_probe_cache_entry(entry, cache) {
+		/* Skip the cache entry which has no name */
+		if (!entry->pev.event || !entry->pev.group)
+			continue;
+		if ((!pev->group || strglobmatch(entry->pev.group, pev->group)) &&
+		    strglobmatch(entry->pev.event, pev->event)) {
+			ret = probe_cache_entry__get_event(entry, &tmp_tevs);
+			if (ret > 0)
+				ret = concat_probe_trace_events(tevs, &ntevs,
+								&tmp_tevs, ret);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	probe_cache__delete(cache);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
+		zfree(tevs);
+	} else {
+		ret = ntevs;
+		if (ntevs > 0 && target && target[0] == '/')
+			pev->uprobes = true;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Try to find probe_trace_event from all probe caches */
+static int find_cached_events_all(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+				   struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	struct probe_trace_event *tmp_tevs = NULL;
+	struct strlist *bidlist;
+	struct str_node *nd;
+	char *pathname;
+	int ntevs = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Get the buildid list of all valid caches */
+	bidlist = build_id_cache__list_all(true);
+	if (!bidlist) {
+		ret = -errno;
+		pr_debug("Failed to get buildids: %d\n", ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = 0;
+	strlist__for_each_entry(nd, bidlist) {
+		pathname = build_id_cache__origname(nd->s);
+		ret = find_cached_events(pev, &tmp_tevs, pathname);
+		/* In the case of cnt == 0, we just skip it */
+		if (ret > 0)
+			ret = concat_probe_trace_events(tevs, &ntevs,
+							&tmp_tevs, ret);
+		free(pathname);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	strlist__delete(bidlist);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
+		zfree(tevs);
+	} else
+		ret = ntevs;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_probe_trace_events_from_cache(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					      struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	struct probe_cache *cache;
+	struct probe_cache_entry *entry;
+	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
+	struct str_node *node;
+	int ret, i;
+
+	if (pev->sdt) {
+		/* For SDT/cached events, we use special search functions */
+		if (!pev->target)
+			return find_cached_events_all(pev, tevs);
+		else
+			return find_cached_events(pev, tevs, pev->target);
+	}
+	cache = probe_cache__new(pev->target, pev->nsi);
+	if (!cache)
+		return 0;
+
+	entry = probe_cache__find(cache, pev);
+	if (!entry) {
+		/* SDT must be in the cache */
+		ret = pev->sdt ? -ENOENT : 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = strlist__nr_entries(entry->tevlist);
+	if (ret > probe_conf.max_probes) {
+		pr_debug("Too many entries matched in the cache of %s\n",
+			 pev->target ? : "kernel");
+		ret = -E2BIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*tevs = zalloc(ret * sizeof(*tev));
+	if (!*tevs) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	i = 0;
+	strlist__for_each_entry(node, entry->tevlist) {
+		tev = &(*tevs)[i++];
+		ret = parse_probe_trace_command(node->s, tev);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+		/* Set the uprobes attribute as same as original */
+		tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
+	}
+	ret = i;
+
+out:
+	probe_cache__delete(cache);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int convert_to_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
+					 struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!pev->group && !pev->sdt) {
+		/* Set group name if not given */
+		if (!pev->uprobes) {
+			pev->group = strdup(PERFPROBE_GROUP);
+			ret = pev->group ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+		} else
+			ret = convert_exec_to_group(pev->target, &pev->group);
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			pr_warning("Failed to make a group name.\n");
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = try_to_find_absolute_address(pev, tevs);
+	if (ret > 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* At first, we need to lookup cache entry */
+	ret = find_probe_trace_events_from_cache(pev, tevs);
+	if (ret > 0 || pev->sdt)	/* SDT can be found only in the cache */
+		return ret == 0 ? -ENOENT : ret; /* Found in probe cache */
+
+	/* Convert perf_probe_event with debuginfo */
+	ret = try_to_find_probe_trace_events(pev, tevs);
+	if (ret != 0)
+		return ret;	/* Found in debuginfo or got an error */
+
+	return find_probe_trace_events_from_map(pev, tevs);
+}
+
+int convert_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+
+	/* Loop 1: convert all events */
+	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
+		/* Init kprobe blacklist if needed */
+		if (!pevs[i].uprobes)
+			kprobe_blacklist__init();
+		/* Convert with or without debuginfo */
+		ret  = convert_to_probe_trace_events(&pevs[i], &pevs[i].tevs);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		pevs[i].ntevs = ret;
+	}
+	/* This just release blacklist only if allocated */
+	kprobe_blacklist__release();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
+{
+	char *buf = synthesize_probe_trace_command(tev);
+
+	if (!buf) {
+		pr_debug("Failed to synthesize probe trace event.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Showing definition always go stdout */
+	printf("%s\n", buf);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int show_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
+{
+	struct strlist *namelist = strlist__new(NULL, NULL);
+	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
+	struct perf_probe_event *pev;
+	int i, j, ret = 0;
+
+	if (!namelist)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (j = 0; j < npevs && !ret; j++) {
+		pev = &pevs[j];
+		for (i = 0; i < pev->ntevs && !ret; i++) {
+			tev = &pev->tevs[i];
+			/* Skip if the symbol is out of .text or blacklisted */
+			if (!tev->point.symbol && !pev->uprobes)
+				continue;
+
+			/* Set new name for tev (and update namelist) */
+			ret = probe_trace_event__set_name(tev, pev,
+							  namelist, true);
+			if (!ret)
+				ret = show_probe_trace_event(tev);
+		}
+	}
+	strlist__delete(namelist);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int apply_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	/* Loop 2: add all events */
+	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
+		ret = __add_probe_trace_events(&pevs[i], pevs[i].tevs,
+					       pevs[i].ntevs,
+					       probe_conf.force_add);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void cleanup_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct perf_probe_event *pev;
+
+	/* Loop 3: cleanup and free trace events  */
+	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
+		pev = &pevs[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < pevs[i].ntevs; j++)
+			clear_probe_trace_event(&pevs[i].tevs[j]);
+		zfree(&pevs[i].tevs);
+		pevs[i].ntevs = 0;
+		nsinfo__zput(pev->nsi);
+		clear_perf_probe_event(&pevs[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+int add_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(pevs->uprobes);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = convert_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = apply_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
+
+	cleanup_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
+
+	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int del_perf_probe_events(struct strfilter *filter)
+{
+	int ret, ret2, ufd = -1, kfd = -1;
+	char *str = strfilter__string(filter);
+
+	if (!str)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Get current event names */
+	ret = probe_file__open_both(&kfd, &ufd, PF_FL_RW);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = probe_file__del_events(kfd, filter);
+	if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT)
+		goto error;
+
+	ret2 = probe_file__del_events(ufd, filter);
+	if (ret2 < 0 && ret2 != -ENOENT) {
+		ret = ret2;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+
+error:
+	if (kfd >= 0)
+		close(kfd);
+	if (ufd >= 0)
+		close(ufd);
+out:
+	free(str);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int show_available_funcs(const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi,
+			 struct strfilter *_filter, bool user)
+{
+        struct rb_node *nd;
+	struct map *map;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(user);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Get a symbol map */
+	map = get_target_map(target, nsi, user);
+	if (!map) {
+		pr_err("Failed to get a map for %s\n", (target) ? : "kernel");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	ret = map__load(map);
+	if (ret) {
+		if (ret == -2) {
+			char *str = strfilter__string(_filter);
+			pr_err("Failed to find symbols matched to \"%s\"\n",
+			       str);
+			free(str);
+		} else
+			pr_err("Failed to load symbols in %s\n",
+			       (target) ? : "kernel");
+		goto end;
+	}
+	if (!dso__sorted_by_name(map->dso))
+		dso__sort_by_name(map->dso);
+
+	/* Show all (filtered) symbols */
+	setup_pager();
+
+	for (nd = rb_first_cached(&map->dso->symbol_names); nd;
+	     nd = rb_next(nd)) {
+		struct symbol_name_rb_node *pos = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node);
+
+		if (strfilter__compare(_filter, pos->sym.name))
+			printf("%s\n", pos->sym.name);
+	}
+end:
+	map__put(map);
+	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int copy_to_probe_trace_arg(struct probe_trace_arg *tvar,
+			    struct perf_probe_arg *pvar)
+{
+	tvar->value = strdup(pvar->var);
+	if (tvar->value == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (pvar->type) {
+		tvar->type = strdup(pvar->type);
+		if (tvar->type == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	if (pvar->name) {
+		tvar->name = strdup(pvar->name);
+		if (tvar->name == NULL)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	} else
+		tvar->name = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}