Adding upstream version 5.10.209.upstream/5.10.209upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1201 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c b/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..901265127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1201 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "evsel.h"
+#include "stat.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "pmu.h"
+#include "rblist.h"
+#include "evlist.h"
+#include "expr.h"
+#include "metricgroup.h"
+#include <linux/zalloc.h>
+
+/*
+ * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
+ * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
+ * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
+ * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
+ * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
+ * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
+ */
+
+struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
+struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
+
+struct saved_value {
+	struct rb_node rb_node;
+	struct evsel *evsel;
+	enum stat_type type;
+	int ctx;
+	int cpu;
+	struct runtime_stat *stat;
+	struct stats stats;
+	u64 metric_total;
+	int metric_other;
+};
+
+static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
+{
+	struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
+					     struct saved_value,
+					     rb_node);
+	const struct saved_value *b = entry;
+
+	if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
+		return a->cpu - b->cpu;
+
+	/*
+	 * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
+	 * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
+	 * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
+	 * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
+	 * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
+	 */
+	if (a->type != b->type)
+		return a->type - b->type;
+
+	if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
+		return a->ctx - b->ctx;
+
+	if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
+		if (a->stat == b->stat)
+			return 0;
+
+		if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
+			return -1;
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
+		return 0;
+	if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
+		return -1;
+	return +1;
+}
+
+static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
+				     const void *entry)
+{
+	struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
+
+	if (!nd)
+		return NULL;
+	memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
+	return &nd->rb_node;
+}
+
+static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
+			       struct rb_node *rb_node)
+{
+	struct saved_value *v;
+
+	BUG_ON(!rb_node);
+	v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
+	free(v);
+}
+
+static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
+					      int cpu,
+					      bool create,
+					      enum stat_type type,
+					      int ctx,
+					      struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	struct rblist *rblist;
+	struct rb_node *nd;
+	struct saved_value dm = {
+		.cpu = cpu,
+		.evsel = evsel,
+		.type = type,
+		.ctx = ctx,
+		.stat = st,
+	};
+
+	rblist = &st->value_list;
+
+	nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
+	if (nd)
+		return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
+	if (create) {
+		rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
+		nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
+		if (nd)
+			return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
+
+	rblist__init(rblist);
+	rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
+	rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
+	rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
+}
+
+void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
+}
+
+void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
+{
+	runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
+}
+
+static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
+{
+	int ctx = 0;
+
+	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
+		ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
+	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
+		ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
+	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
+		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
+	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
+		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
+	if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
+		ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
+
+	return ctx;
+}
+
+static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	struct rblist *rblist;
+	struct rb_node *pos, *next;
+
+	rblist = &st->value_list;
+	next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
+	while (next) {
+		pos = next;
+		next = rb_next(pos);
+		memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
+		       0,
+		       sizeof(struct stats));
+	}
+}
+
+void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
+{
+	reset_stat(&rt_stat);
+	memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
+}
+
+void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	reset_stat(st);
+}
+
+static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
+				enum stat_type type,
+				int ctx, int cpu, u64 count)
+{
+	struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true,
+						   type, ctx, st);
+
+	if (v)
+		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
+ * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
+ * instruction rates, etc:
+ */
+void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
+				    int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	int ctx = evsel_context(counter);
+	u64 count_ns = count;
+	struct saved_value *v;
+
+	count *= counter->scale;
+
+	if (evsel__is_clock(counter))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu, count_ns);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RETIRING))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
+				    ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu, count);
+	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
+		update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu, count);
+
+	if (counter->collect_stat) {
+		v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
+		update_stats(&v->stats, count);
+		if (counter->metric_leader)
+			v->metric_total += count;
+	} else if (counter->metric_leader) {
+		v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
+				       cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
+		v->metric_total += count;
+		v->metric_other++;
+	}
+}
+
+/* used for get_ratio_color() */
+enum grc_type {
+	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
+	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
+	GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
+	GRC_MAX_NR
+};
+
+static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
+{
+	static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
+		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
+		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
+		[GRC_CACHE_MISSES] 	= { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
+	};
+	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
+
+	if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
+		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
+		color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
+	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
+		color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
+
+	return color;
+}
+
+static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
+						const char *name)
+{
+	struct evsel *c2;
+
+	evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
+			return c2;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
+void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
+{
+	struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
+	bool found;
+	struct expr_parse_ctx ctx;
+	struct hashmap_entry *cur;
+	size_t bkt;
+	int i;
+
+	expr__ctx_init(&ctx);
+	evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
+		bool invalid = false;
+
+		leader = counter->leader;
+		if (!counter->metric_expr)
+			continue;
+
+		expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
+		metric_events = counter->metric_events;
+		if (!metric_events) {
+			if (expr__find_other(counter->metric_expr,
+					     counter->name,
+					     &ctx, 1) < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
+					       hashmap__size(&ctx.ids) + 1);
+			if (!metric_events) {
+				expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
+				return;
+			}
+			counter->metric_events = metric_events;
+		}
+
+		i = 0;
+		hashmap__for_each_entry((&ctx.ids), cur, bkt) {
+			const char *metric_name = (const char *)cur->key;
+
+			found = false;
+			if (leader) {
+				/* Search in group */
+				for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
+					if (!strcasecmp(oc->name,
+							metric_name) &&
+						!oc->collect_stat) {
+						found = true;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (!found) {
+				/* Search ignoring groups */
+				oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list,
+							   metric_name);
+			}
+			if (!oc) {
+				/* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
+				static char *printed;
+
+				/*
+				 * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
+				 * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
+				 * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
+				 * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
+				 * events.
+				 */
+				if (!printed ||
+				    strcasecmp(printed, metric_name)) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
+						metric_name,
+						counter->name);
+					printed = strdup(metric_name);
+				}
+				invalid = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			metric_events[i++] = oc;
+			oc->collect_stat = true;
+		}
+		metric_events[i] = NULL;
+		if (invalid) {
+			free(metric_events);
+			counter->metric_events = NULL;
+			counter->metric_expr = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	expr__ctx_clear(&ctx);
+}
+
+static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
+			       enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
+{
+	struct saved_value *v;
+
+	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
+	if (!v)
+		return 0.0;
+
+	return avg_stats(&v->stats);
+}
+
+static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
+			     enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
+{
+	struct saved_value *v;
+
+	v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
+	if (!v)
+		return 0.0;
+
+	return v->stats.n;
+}
+
+static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+					  int cpu,
+					  struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
+					  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+					  struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
+
+	if (ratio)
+		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
+				  ratio);
+	else
+		out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
+}
+
+static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+					 int cpu,
+					 struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
+					 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+					 struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
+
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				int cpu,
+				struct evsel *evsel,
+				double avg,
+				struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				   int cpu,
+				   struct evsel *evsel,
+				   double avg,
+				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				   struct runtime_stat *st)
+
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache accesses", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				   int cpu,
+				   struct evsel *evsel,
+				   double avg,
+				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				   struct runtime_stat *st)
+
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache accesses", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				    int cpu,
+				    struct evsel *evsel,
+				    double avg,
+				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				    struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache accesses", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				    int cpu,
+				    struct evsel *evsel,
+				    double avg,
+				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				    struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache accesses", ratio);
+}
+
+static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				  int cpu,
+				  struct evsel *evsel,
+				  double avg,
+				  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				  struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double total, ratio = 0.0;
+	const char *color;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total)
+		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
+
+	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache accesses", ratio);
+}
+
+/*
+ * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
+ *
+ * Basic concept following
+ * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
+ * ISPASS14
+ *
+ * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
+ *
+ * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
+ * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
+ * (for example branch mispredictions)
+ * Frontend is instruction decoding.
+ * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
+ * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
+ *
+ * The formulas are computed in slots.
+ * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
+ * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
+ *
+ * Formulas:
+ * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
+ *			TotalSlots
+ * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
+ * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
+ * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
+ *
+ * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
+ * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
+ *
+ * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
+ *
+ * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
+ *
+ * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
+ * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
+ *
+ * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
+ * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
+ * support Level 1 TopDown.
+ */
+
+static double sanitize_val(double x)
+{
+	if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
+		return 0.0;
+	return x;
+}
+
+static double td_total_slots(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, ctx, cpu);
+}
+
+static double td_bad_spec(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double bad_spec = 0;
+	double total_slots;
+	double total;
+
+	total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, ctx, cpu) -
+		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, ctx, cpu) +
+		runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+	total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
+	if (total_slots)
+		bad_spec = total / total_slots;
+	return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
+}
+
+static double td_retiring(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double retiring = 0;
+	double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
+	double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
+					    ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total_slots)
+		retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
+	return retiring;
+}
+
+static double td_fe_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double fe_bound = 0;
+	double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
+	double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
+					    ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (total_slots)
+		fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
+	return fe_bound;
+}
+
+static double td_be_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double sum = (td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st) +
+		      td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st) +
+		      td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st));
+	if (sum == 0)
+		return 0;
+	return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Kernel reports metrics multiplied with slots. To get back
+ * the ratios we need to recreate the sum.
+ */
+
+static double td_metric_ratio(int ctx, int cpu,
+			      enum stat_type type,
+			      struct runtime_stat *stat)
+{
+	double sum = runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, ctx, cpu) +
+		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) +
+		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) +
+		runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, ctx, cpu);
+	double d = runtime_stat_avg(stat, type, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if (sum)
+		return d / sum;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ... but only if most of the values are actually available.
+ * We allow two missing.
+ */
+
+static bool full_td(int ctx, int cpu,
+		    struct runtime_stat *stat)
+{
+	int c = 0;
+
+	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, ctx, cpu) > 0)
+		c++;
+	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) > 0)
+		c++;
+	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, ctx, cpu) > 0)
+		c++;
+	if (runtime_stat_avg(stat, STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, ctx, cpu) > 0)
+		c++;
+	return c >= 2;
+}
+
+static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+			   int cpu, struct evsel *evsel,
+			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+			   struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+	const char *color = NULL;
+
+	smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu);
+	aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu);
+	cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+	if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
+		return;
+
+	if (smi_num)
+		cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
+
+	if (cost > 10)
+		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
+	out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
+}
+
+static int prepare_metric(struct evsel **metric_events,
+			  struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
+			  struct expr_parse_ctx *pctx,
+			  int cpu,
+			  struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	double scale;
+	char *n, *pn;
+	int i, j, ret;
+
+	expr__ctx_init(pctx);
+	for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
+		struct saved_value *v;
+		struct stats *stats;
+		u64 metric_total = 0;
+
+		if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
+			stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
+			scale = 1e-9;
+		} else {
+			v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
+					       STAT_NONE, 0, st);
+			if (!v)
+				break;
+			stats = &v->stats;
+			scale = 1.0;
+
+			if (v->metric_other)
+				metric_total = v->metric_total;
+		}
+
+		n = strdup(metric_events[i]->name);
+		if (!n)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		/*
+		 * This display code with --no-merge adds [cpu] postfixes.
+		 * These are not supported by the parser. Remove everything
+		 * after the space.
+		 */
+		pn = strchr(n, ' ');
+		if (pn)
+			*pn = 0;
+
+		if (metric_total)
+			expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, metric_total);
+		else
+			expr__add_id_val(pctx, n, avg_stats(stats)*scale);
+	}
+
+	for (j = 0; metric_refs && metric_refs[j].metric_name; j++) {
+		ret = expr__add_ref(pctx, &metric_refs[j]);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+			   const char *metric_expr,
+			   struct evsel **metric_events,
+			   struct metric_ref *metric_refs,
+			   char *name,
+			   const char *metric_name,
+			   const char *metric_unit,
+			   int runtime,
+			   int cpu,
+			   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+			   struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
+	struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
+	double ratio, scale;
+	int i;
+	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
+
+	i = prepare_metric(metric_events, metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st);
+	if (i < 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (!metric_events[i]) {
+		if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, metric_expr, runtime) == 0) {
+			char *unit;
+			char metric_bf[64];
+
+			if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
+				if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
+					&unit, &scale) >= 0) {
+					ratio *= scale;
+				}
+				if (strstr(metric_expr, "?"))
+					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
+					  "%s  %s_%d", unit, metric_name, runtime);
+				else
+					scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
+					  "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
+
+				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
+					     metric_bf, ratio);
+			} else {
+				print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.2f",
+					metric_name ?
+					metric_name :
+					out->force_header ?  name : "",
+					ratio);
+			}
+		} else {
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
+				     out->force_header ?
+				     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
+			     out->force_header ?
+			     (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
+	}
+
+	expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
+}
+
+double test_generic_metric(struct metric_expr *mexp, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	struct expr_parse_ctx pctx;
+	double ratio = 0.0;
+
+	if (prepare_metric(mexp->metric_events, mexp->metric_refs, &pctx, cpu, st) < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, mexp->metric_expr, 1))
+		ratio = 0.0;
+
+out:
+	expr__ctx_clear(&pctx);
+	return ratio;
+}
+
+void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
+				   struct evsel *evsel,
+				   double avg, int cpu,
+				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
+				   struct rblist *metric_events,
+				   struct runtime_stat *st)
+{
+	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
+	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
+	double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
+	const char *color = NULL;
+	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
+	struct metric_event *me;
+	int num = 1;
+
+	if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (total) {
+			ratio = avg / total;
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
+					"insn per cycle", ratio);
+		} else {
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
+		}
+
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
+					 ctx, cpu);
+
+		total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
+						    STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
+						    ctx, cpu));
+
+		if (total && avg) {
+			out->new_line(config, ctxp);
+			ratio = total / avg;
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
+					"stalled cycles per insn",
+					ratio);
+		}
+	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_branch_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
+	} else if (
+		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
+		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
+					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
+					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache accesses", 0);
+	} else if (
+		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
+		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
+					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
+					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache accesses", 0);
+	} else if (
+		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
+		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
+					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
+					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache accesses", 0);
+	} else if (
+		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
+		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
+					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
+					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache accesses", 0);
+	} else if (
+		evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
+		evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
+					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
+					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache accesses", 0);
+	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (total)
+			ratio = avg * 100 / total;
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
+				     "of all cache refs", ratio);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
+	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
+		print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
+		print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
+	} else if (evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
+
+		if (total) {
+			ratio = avg / total;
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
+		} else {
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
+		}
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (total)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
+					"%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
+					100.0 * (avg / total));
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
+				     0);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
+		total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (total2 < avg)
+			total2 = avg;
+		if (total)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
+				100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
+					 ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (avg)
+			ratio = total / avg;
+
+		if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu) != 0)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
+				     "cycles / transaction", ratio);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
+				      0);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
+					 ctx, cpu);
+
+		if (avg)
+			ratio = total / avg;
+
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
+	} else if (evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
+		if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
+				     avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
+		double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
+
+		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
+				fe_bound * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
+		double retiring = td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st);
+
+		if (retiring > 0.7)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
+				retiring * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
+		double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st);
+
+		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
+				bad_spec * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
+		double be_bound = td_be_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
+		const char *name = "backend bound";
+		static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
+
+		/* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
+		if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
+			have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
+					"topdown-recovery-bubbles");
+		if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
+			name = "backend bound/bad spec";
+
+		if (be_bound > 0.2)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		if (td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st) > 0)
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
+					be_bound * 100.);
+		else
+			print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RETIRING) &&
+			full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
+		double retiring = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
+						  STAT_TOPDOWN_RETIRING, st);
+
+		if (retiring > 0.7)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
+				retiring * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND) &&
+			full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
+		double fe_bound = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
+						  STAT_TOPDOWN_FE_BOUND, st);
+
+		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
+				fe_bound * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND) &&
+			full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
+		double be_bound = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
+						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BE_BOUND, st);
+
+		if (be_bound > 0.2)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "backend bound",
+				be_bound * 100.);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC) &&
+			full_td(ctx, cpu, st)) {
+		double bad_spec = td_metric_ratio(ctx, cpu,
+						  STAT_TOPDOWN_BAD_SPEC, st);
+
+		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
+			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
+				bad_spec * 100.);
+	} else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
+		generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, NULL,
+				evsel->name, evsel->metric_name, NULL, 1, cpu, out, st);
+	} else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu) != 0) {
+		char unit = 'M';
+		char unit_buf[10];
+
+		total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
+
+		if (total)
+			ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
+		if (ratio < 0.001) {
+			ratio *= 1000;
+			unit = 'K';
+		}
+		snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
+	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
+		print_smi_cost(config, cpu, evsel, out, st);
+	} else {
+		num = 0;
+	}
+
+	if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
+		struct metric_expr *mexp;
+
+		list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
+			if (num++ > 0)
+				out->new_line(config, ctxp);
+			generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
+					mexp->metric_refs, evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
+					mexp->metric_unit, mexp->runtime, cpu, out, st);
+		}
+	}
+	if (num == 0)
+		print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+}