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Diffstat (limited to 'fs/fs-writeback.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | fs/fs-writeback.c | 2617 |
1 files changed, 2617 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000..045a3bd52 --- /dev/null +++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c @@ -0,0 +1,2617 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * fs/fs-writeback.c + * + * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds. + * + * Contains all the functions related to writing back and waiting + * upon dirty inodes against superblocks, and writing back dirty + * pages against inodes. ie: data writeback. Writeout of the + * inode itself is not handled here. + * + * 10Apr2002 Andrew Morton + * Split out of fs/inode.c + * Additions for address_space-based writeback + */ + +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/export.h> +#include <linux/spinlock.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/sched.h> +#include <linux/fs.h> +#include <linux/mm.h> +#include <linux/pagemap.h> +#include <linux/kthread.h> +#include <linux/writeback.h> +#include <linux/blkdev.h> +#include <linux/backing-dev.h> +#include <linux/tracepoint.h> +#include <linux/device.h> +#include <linux/memcontrol.h> +#include "internal.h" + +/* + * 4MB minimal write chunk size + */ +#define MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES (4096UL >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10)) + +/* + * Passed into wb_writeback(), essentially a subset of writeback_control + */ +struct wb_writeback_work { + long nr_pages; + struct super_block *sb; + enum writeback_sync_modes sync_mode; + unsigned int tagged_writepages:1; + unsigned int for_kupdate:1; + unsigned int range_cyclic:1; + unsigned int for_background:1; + unsigned int for_sync:1; /* sync(2) WB_SYNC_ALL writeback */ + unsigned int auto_free:1; /* free on completion */ + enum wb_reason reason; /* why was writeback initiated? */ + + struct list_head list; /* pending work list */ + struct wb_completion *done; /* set if the caller waits */ +}; + +/* + * If an inode is constantly having its pages dirtied, but then the + * updates stop dirtytime_expire_interval seconds in the past, it's + * possible for the worst case time between when an inode has its + * timestamps updated and when they finally get written out to be two + * dirtytime_expire_intervals. We set the default to 12 hours (in + * seconds), which means most of the time inodes will have their + * timestamps written to disk after 12 hours, but in the worst case a + * few inodes might not their timestamps updated for 24 hours. + */ +unsigned int dirtytime_expire_interval = 12 * 60 * 60; + +static inline struct inode *wb_inode(struct list_head *head) +{ + return list_entry(head, struct inode, i_io_list); +} + +/* + * Include the creation of the trace points after defining the + * wb_writeback_work structure and inline functions so that the definition + * remains local to this file. + */ +#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS +#include <trace/events/writeback.h> + +EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_writepage); + +static bool wb_io_lists_populated(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb)) { + return false; + } else { + set_bit(WB_has_dirty_io, &wb->state); + WARN_ON_ONCE(!wb->avg_write_bandwidth); + atomic_long_add(wb->avg_write_bandwidth, + &wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth); + return true; + } +} + +static void wb_io_lists_depopulated(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && list_empty(&wb->b_dirty) && + list_empty(&wb->b_io) && list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) { + clear_bit(WB_has_dirty_io, &wb->state); + WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_long_sub_return(wb->avg_write_bandwidth, + &wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth) < 0); + } +} + +/** + * inode_io_list_move_locked - move an inode onto a bdi_writeback IO list + * @inode: inode to be moved + * @wb: target bdi_writeback + * @head: one of @wb->b_{dirty|io|more_io|dirty_time} + * + * Move @inode->i_io_list to @list of @wb and set %WB_has_dirty_io. + * Returns %true if @inode is the first occupant of the !dirty_time IO + * lists; otherwise, %false. + */ +static bool inode_io_list_move_locked(struct inode *inode, + struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct list_head *head) +{ + assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock); + + list_move(&inode->i_io_list, head); + + /* dirty_time doesn't count as dirty_io until expiration */ + if (head != &wb->b_dirty_time) + return wb_io_lists_populated(wb); + + wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb); + return false; +} + +/** + * inode_io_list_del_locked - remove an inode from its bdi_writeback IO list + * @inode: inode to be removed + * @wb: bdi_writeback @inode is being removed from + * + * Remove @inode which may be on one of @wb->b_{dirty|io|more_io} lists and + * clear %WB_has_dirty_io if all are empty afterwards. + */ +static void inode_io_list_del_locked(struct inode *inode, + struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock); + assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock); + + inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED; + list_del_init(&inode->i_io_list); + wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb); +} + +static void wb_wakeup(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock); + if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state)) + mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0); + spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock); +} + +static void finish_writeback_work(struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + struct wb_completion *done = work->done; + + if (work->auto_free) + kfree(work); + if (done) { + wait_queue_head_t *waitq = done->waitq; + + /* @done can't be accessed after the following dec */ + if (atomic_dec_and_test(&done->cnt)) + wake_up_all(waitq); + } +} + +static void wb_queue_work(struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + trace_writeback_queue(wb, work); + + if (work->done) + atomic_inc(&work->done->cnt); + + spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock); + + if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state)) { + list_add_tail(&work->list, &wb->work_list); + mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0); + } else + finish_writeback_work(wb, work); + + spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock); +} + +/** + * wb_wait_for_completion - wait for completion of bdi_writeback_works + * @done: target wb_completion + * + * Wait for one or more work items issued to @bdi with their ->done field + * set to @done, which should have been initialized with + * DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(). This function returns after all such work items + * are completed. Work items which are waited upon aren't freed + * automatically on completion. + */ +void wb_wait_for_completion(struct wb_completion *done) +{ + atomic_dec(&done->cnt); /* put down the initial count */ + wait_event(*done->waitq, !atomic_read(&done->cnt)); +} + +#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK + +/* + * Parameters for foreign inode detection, see wbc_detach_inode() to see + * how they're used. + * + * These paramters are inherently heuristical as the detection target + * itself is fuzzy. All we want to do is detaching an inode from the + * current owner if it's being written to by some other cgroups too much. + * + * The current cgroup writeback is built on the assumption that multiple + * cgroups writing to the same inode concurrently is very rare and a mode + * of operation which isn't well supported. As such, the goal is not + * taking too long when a different cgroup takes over an inode while + * avoiding too aggressive flip-flops from occasional foreign writes. + * + * We record, very roughly, 2s worth of IO time history and if more than + * half of that is foreign, trigger the switch. The recording is quantized + * to 16 slots. To avoid tiny writes from swinging the decision too much, + * writes smaller than 1/8 of avg size are ignored. + */ +#define WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT 13 /* 1s = 2^13, upto 8 secs w/ 16bit */ +#define WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT 3 /* avg = avg * 7/8 + new * 1/8 */ +#define WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV 8 /* ignore rounds < avg / 8 */ +#define WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD (2 * (1 << WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT)) /* 2s */ + +#define WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS 16 /* inode->i_wb_frn_history is 16bit */ +#define WB_FRN_HIST_UNIT (WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD / WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS) + /* each slot's duration is 2s / 16 */ +#define WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS (WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS / 2) + /* if foreign slots >= 8, switch */ +#define WB_FRN_HIST_MAX_SLOTS (WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS / 2 + 1) + /* one round can affect upto 5 slots */ +#define WB_FRN_MAX_IN_FLIGHT 1024 /* don't queue too many concurrently */ + +static atomic_t isw_nr_in_flight = ATOMIC_INIT(0); +static struct workqueue_struct *isw_wq; + +void __inode_attach_wb(struct inode *inode, struct page *page) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode); + struct bdi_writeback *wb = NULL; + + if (inode_cgwb_enabled(inode)) { + struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css; + + if (page) { + memcg_css = mem_cgroup_css_from_page(page); + wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC); + } else { + /* must pin memcg_css, see wb_get_create() */ + memcg_css = task_get_css(current, memory_cgrp_id); + wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC); + css_put(memcg_css); + } + } + + if (!wb) + wb = &bdi->wb; + + /* + * There may be multiple instances of this function racing to + * update the same inode. Use cmpxchg() to tell the winner. + */ + if (unlikely(cmpxchg(&inode->i_wb, NULL, wb))) + wb_put(wb); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__inode_attach_wb); + +/** + * locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list - determine a locked inode's wb and lock it + * @inode: inode of interest with i_lock held + * + * Returns @inode's wb with its list_lock held. @inode->i_lock must be + * held on entry and is released on return. The returned wb is guaranteed + * to stay @inode's associated wb until its list_lock is released. + */ +static struct bdi_writeback * +locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode) + __releases(&inode->i_lock) + __acquires(&wb->list_lock) +{ + while (true) { + struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode); + + /* + * inode_to_wb() association is protected by both + * @inode->i_lock and @wb->list_lock but list_lock nests + * outside i_lock. Drop i_lock and verify that the + * association hasn't changed after acquiring list_lock. + */ + wb_get(wb); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + + /* i_wb may have changed inbetween, can't use inode_to_wb() */ + if (likely(wb == inode->i_wb)) { + wb_put(wb); /* @inode already has ref */ + return wb; + } + + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + wb_put(wb); + cpu_relax(); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + } +} + +/** + * inode_to_wb_and_lock_list - determine an inode's wb and lock it + * @inode: inode of interest + * + * Same as locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list() but @inode->i_lock isn't held + * on entry. + */ +static struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode) + __acquires(&wb->list_lock) +{ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + return locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode); +} + +struct inode_switch_wbs_context { + struct inode *inode; + struct bdi_writeback *new_wb; + + struct rcu_head rcu_head; + struct work_struct work; +}; + +static void bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) +{ + down_write(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem); +} + +static void bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) +{ + up_write(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem); +} + +static void inode_switch_wbs_work_fn(struct work_struct *work) +{ + struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw = + container_of(work, struct inode_switch_wbs_context, work); + struct inode *inode = isw->inode; + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode); + struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; + struct bdi_writeback *old_wb = inode->i_wb; + struct bdi_writeback *new_wb = isw->new_wb; + XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, 0); + struct page *page; + bool switched = false; + + /* + * If @inode switches cgwb membership while sync_inodes_sb() is + * being issued, sync_inodes_sb() might miss it. Synchronize. + */ + down_read(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem); + + /* + * By the time control reaches here, RCU grace period has passed + * since I_WB_SWITCH assertion and all wb stat update transactions + * between unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin/end() are guaranteed to be + * synchronizing against the i_pages lock. + * + * Grabbing old_wb->list_lock, inode->i_lock and the i_pages lock + * gives us exclusion against all wb related operations on @inode + * including IO list manipulations and stat updates. + */ + if (old_wb < new_wb) { + spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock); + spin_lock_nested(&new_wb->list_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING); + } else { + spin_lock(&new_wb->list_lock); + spin_lock_nested(&old_wb->list_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING); + } + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + xa_lock_irq(&mapping->i_pages); + + /* + * Once I_FREEING is visible under i_lock, the eviction path owns + * the inode and we shouldn't modify ->i_io_list. + */ + if (unlikely(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) + goto skip_switch; + + trace_inode_switch_wbs(inode, old_wb, new_wb); + + /* + * Count and transfer stats. Note that PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY points + * to possibly dirty pages while PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK points to + * pages actually under writeback. + */ + xas_for_each_marked(&xas, page, ULONG_MAX, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY) { + if (PageDirty(page)) { + dec_wb_stat(old_wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE); + inc_wb_stat(new_wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE); + } + } + + xas_set(&xas, 0); + xas_for_each_marked(&xas, page, ULONG_MAX, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK) { + WARN_ON_ONCE(!PageWriteback(page)); + dec_wb_stat(old_wb, WB_WRITEBACK); + inc_wb_stat(new_wb, WB_WRITEBACK); + } + + wb_get(new_wb); + + /* + * Transfer to @new_wb's IO list if necessary. The specific list + * @inode was on is ignored and the inode is put on ->b_dirty which + * is always correct including from ->b_dirty_time. The transfer + * preserves @inode->dirtied_when ordering. + */ + if (!list_empty(&inode->i_io_list)) { + struct inode *pos; + + inode_io_list_del_locked(inode, old_wb); + inode->i_wb = new_wb; + list_for_each_entry(pos, &new_wb->b_dirty, i_io_list) + if (time_after_eq(inode->dirtied_when, + pos->dirtied_when)) + break; + inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, new_wb, pos->i_io_list.prev); + } else { + inode->i_wb = new_wb; + } + + /* ->i_wb_frn updates may race wbc_detach_inode() but doesn't matter */ + inode->i_wb_frn_winner = 0; + inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time = 0; + inode->i_wb_frn_history = 0; + switched = true; +skip_switch: + /* + * Paired with load_acquire in unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin() and + * ensures that the new wb is visible if they see !I_WB_SWITCH. + */ + smp_store_release(&inode->i_state, inode->i_state & ~I_WB_SWITCH); + + xa_unlock_irq(&mapping->i_pages); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + spin_unlock(&new_wb->list_lock); + spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock); + + up_read(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem); + + if (switched) { + wb_wakeup(new_wb); + wb_put(old_wb); + } + wb_put(new_wb); + + iput(inode); + kfree(isw); + + atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight); +} + +static void inode_switch_wbs_rcu_fn(struct rcu_head *rcu_head) +{ + struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw = container_of(rcu_head, + struct inode_switch_wbs_context, rcu_head); + + /* needs to grab bh-unsafe locks, bounce to work item */ + INIT_WORK(&isw->work, inode_switch_wbs_work_fn); + queue_work(isw_wq, &isw->work); +} + +/** + * inode_switch_wbs - change the wb association of an inode + * @inode: target inode + * @new_wb_id: ID of the new wb + * + * Switch @inode's wb association to the wb identified by @new_wb_id. The + * switching is performed asynchronously and may fail silently. + */ +static void inode_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode, int new_wb_id) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode); + struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css; + struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw; + + /* noop if seems to be already in progress */ + if (inode->i_state & I_WB_SWITCH) + return; + + /* avoid queueing a new switch if too many are already in flight */ + if (atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight) > WB_FRN_MAX_IN_FLIGHT) + return; + + isw = kzalloc(sizeof(*isw), GFP_ATOMIC); + if (!isw) + return; + + atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight); + + /* find and pin the new wb */ + rcu_read_lock(); + memcg_css = css_from_id(new_wb_id, &memory_cgrp_subsys); + if (memcg_css && !css_tryget(memcg_css)) + memcg_css = NULL; + rcu_read_unlock(); + if (!memcg_css) + goto out_free; + + isw->new_wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC); + css_put(memcg_css); + if (!isw->new_wb) + goto out_free; + + /* while holding I_WB_SWITCH, no one else can update the association */ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (!(inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE) || + inode->i_state & (I_WB_SWITCH | I_FREEING) || + inode_to_wb(inode) == isw->new_wb) { + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + goto out_free; + } + inode->i_state |= I_WB_SWITCH; + __iget(inode); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + + isw->inode = inode; + + /* + * In addition to synchronizing among switchers, I_WB_SWITCH tells + * the RCU protected stat update paths to grab the i_page + * lock so that stat transfer can synchronize against them. + * Let's continue after I_WB_SWITCH is guaranteed to be visible. + */ + call_rcu(&isw->rcu_head, inode_switch_wbs_rcu_fn); + return; + +out_free: + atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight); + if (isw->new_wb) + wb_put(isw->new_wb); + kfree(isw); +} + +/** + * wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode - associate wbc with target inode and unlock it + * @wbc: writeback_control of interest + * @inode: target inode + * + * @inode is locked and about to be written back under the control of @wbc. + * Record @inode's writeback context into @wbc and unlock the i_lock. On + * writeback completion, wbc_detach_inode() should be called. This is used + * to track the cgroup writeback context. + */ +void wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc, + struct inode *inode) +{ + if (!inode_cgwb_enabled(inode)) { + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + return; + } + + wbc->wb = inode_to_wb(inode); + wbc->inode = inode; + + wbc->wb_id = wbc->wb->memcg_css->id; + wbc->wb_lcand_id = inode->i_wb_frn_winner; + wbc->wb_tcand_id = 0; + wbc->wb_bytes = 0; + wbc->wb_lcand_bytes = 0; + wbc->wb_tcand_bytes = 0; + + wb_get(wbc->wb); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + + /* + * A dying wb indicates that either the blkcg associated with the + * memcg changed or the associated memcg is dying. In the first + * case, a replacement wb should already be available and we should + * refresh the wb immediately. In the second case, trying to + * refresh will keep failing. + */ + if (unlikely(wb_dying(wbc->wb) && !css_is_dying(wbc->wb->memcg_css))) + inode_switch_wbs(inode, wbc->wb_id); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode); + +/** + * wbc_detach_inode - disassociate wbc from inode and perform foreign detection + * @wbc: writeback_control of the just finished writeback + * + * To be called after a writeback attempt of an inode finishes and undoes + * wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(). Can be called under any context. + * + * As concurrent write sharing of an inode is expected to be very rare and + * memcg only tracks page ownership on first-use basis severely confining + * the usefulness of such sharing, cgroup writeback tracks ownership + * per-inode. While the support for concurrent write sharing of an inode + * is deemed unnecessary, an inode being written to by different cgroups at + * different points in time is a lot more common, and, more importantly, + * charging only by first-use can too readily lead to grossly incorrect + * behaviors (single foreign page can lead to gigabytes of writeback to be + * incorrectly attributed). + * + * To resolve this issue, cgroup writeback detects the majority dirtier of + * an inode and transfers the ownership to it. To avoid unnnecessary + * oscillation, the detection mechanism keeps track of history and gives + * out the switch verdict only if the foreign usage pattern is stable over + * a certain amount of time and/or writeback attempts. + * + * On each writeback attempt, @wbc tries to detect the majority writer + * using Boyer-Moore majority vote algorithm. In addition to the byte + * count from the majority voting, it also counts the bytes written for the + * current wb and the last round's winner wb (max of last round's current + * wb, the winner from two rounds ago, and the last round's majority + * candidate). Keeping track of the historical winner helps the algorithm + * to semi-reliably detect the most active writer even when it's not the + * absolute majority. + * + * Once the winner of the round is determined, whether the winner is + * foreign or not and how much IO time the round consumed is recorded in + * inode->i_wb_frn_history. If the amount of recorded foreign IO time is + * over a certain threshold, the switch verdict is given. + */ +void wbc_detach_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb = wbc->wb; + struct inode *inode = wbc->inode; + unsigned long avg_time, max_bytes, max_time; + u16 history; + int max_id; + + if (!wb) + return; + + history = inode->i_wb_frn_history; + avg_time = inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time; + + /* pick the winner of this round */ + if (wbc->wb_bytes >= wbc->wb_lcand_bytes && + wbc->wb_bytes >= wbc->wb_tcand_bytes) { + max_id = wbc->wb_id; + max_bytes = wbc->wb_bytes; + } else if (wbc->wb_lcand_bytes >= wbc->wb_tcand_bytes) { + max_id = wbc->wb_lcand_id; + max_bytes = wbc->wb_lcand_bytes; + } else { + max_id = wbc->wb_tcand_id; + max_bytes = wbc->wb_tcand_bytes; + } + + /* + * Calculate the amount of IO time the winner consumed and fold it + * into the running average kept per inode. If the consumed IO + * time is lower than avag / WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV, ignore it for + * deciding whether to switch or not. This is to prevent one-off + * small dirtiers from skewing the verdict. + */ + max_time = DIV_ROUND_UP((max_bytes >> PAGE_SHIFT) << WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT, + wb->avg_write_bandwidth); + if (avg_time) + avg_time += (max_time >> WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT) - + (avg_time >> WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT); + else + avg_time = max_time; /* immediate catch up on first run */ + + if (max_time >= avg_time / WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV) { + int slots; + + /* + * The switch verdict is reached if foreign wb's consume + * more than a certain proportion of IO time in a + * WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD. This is loosely tracked by 16 slot + * history mask where each bit represents one sixteenth of + * the period. Determine the number of slots to shift into + * history from @max_time. + */ + slots = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(max_time, WB_FRN_HIST_UNIT), + (unsigned long)WB_FRN_HIST_MAX_SLOTS); + history <<= slots; + if (wbc->wb_id != max_id) + history |= (1U << slots) - 1; + + if (history) + trace_inode_foreign_history(inode, wbc, history); + + /* + * Switch if the current wb isn't the consistent winner. + * If there are multiple closely competing dirtiers, the + * inode may switch across them repeatedly over time, which + * is okay. The main goal is avoiding keeping an inode on + * the wrong wb for an extended period of time. + */ + if (hweight16(history) > WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS) + inode_switch_wbs(inode, max_id); + } + + /* + * Multiple instances of this function may race to update the + * following fields but we don't mind occassional inaccuracies. + */ + inode->i_wb_frn_winner = max_id; + inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time = min(avg_time, (unsigned long)U16_MAX); + inode->i_wb_frn_history = history; + + wb_put(wbc->wb); + wbc->wb = NULL; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_detach_inode); + +/** + * wbc_account_cgroup_owner - account writeback to update inode cgroup ownership + * @wbc: writeback_control of the writeback in progress + * @page: page being written out + * @bytes: number of bytes being written out + * + * @bytes from @page are about to written out during the writeback + * controlled by @wbc. Keep the book for foreign inode detection. See + * wbc_detach_inode(). + */ +void wbc_account_cgroup_owner(struct writeback_control *wbc, struct page *page, + size_t bytes) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css; + int id; + + /* + * pageout() path doesn't attach @wbc to the inode being written + * out. This is intentional as we don't want the function to block + * behind a slow cgroup. Ultimately, we want pageout() to kick off + * regular writeback instead of writing things out itself. + */ + if (!wbc->wb || wbc->no_cgroup_owner) + return; + + css = mem_cgroup_css_from_page(page); + /* dead cgroups shouldn't contribute to inode ownership arbitration */ + if (!(css->flags & CSS_ONLINE)) + return; + + id = css->id; + + if (id == wbc->wb_id) { + wbc->wb_bytes += bytes; + return; + } + + if (id == wbc->wb_lcand_id) + wbc->wb_lcand_bytes += bytes; + + /* Boyer-Moore majority vote algorithm */ + if (!wbc->wb_tcand_bytes) + wbc->wb_tcand_id = id; + if (id == wbc->wb_tcand_id) + wbc->wb_tcand_bytes += bytes; + else + wbc->wb_tcand_bytes -= min(bytes, wbc->wb_tcand_bytes); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_account_cgroup_owner); + +/** + * inode_congested - test whether an inode is congested + * @inode: inode to test for congestion (may be NULL) + * @cong_bits: mask of WB_[a]sync_congested bits to test + * + * Tests whether @inode is congested. @cong_bits is the mask of congestion + * bits to test and the return value is the mask of set bits. + * + * If cgroup writeback is enabled for @inode, the congestion state is + * determined by whether the cgwb (cgroup bdi_writeback) for the blkcg + * associated with @inode is congested; otherwise, the root wb's congestion + * state is used. + * + * @inode is allowed to be NULL as this function is often called on + * mapping->host which is NULL for the swapper space. + */ +int inode_congested(struct inode *inode, int cong_bits) +{ + /* + * Once set, ->i_wb never becomes NULL while the inode is alive. + * Start transaction iff ->i_wb is visible. + */ + if (inode && inode_to_wb_is_valid(inode)) { + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + struct wb_lock_cookie lock_cookie = {}; + bool congested; + + wb = unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &lock_cookie); + congested = wb_congested(wb, cong_bits); + unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, &lock_cookie); + return congested; + } + + return wb_congested(&inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb, cong_bits); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inode_congested); + +/** + * wb_split_bdi_pages - split nr_pages to write according to bandwidth + * @wb: target bdi_writeback to split @nr_pages to + * @nr_pages: number of pages to write for the whole bdi + * + * Split @wb's portion of @nr_pages according to @wb's write bandwidth in + * relation to the total write bandwidth of all wb's w/ dirty inodes on + * @wb->bdi. + */ +static long wb_split_bdi_pages(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages) +{ + unsigned long this_bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth; + unsigned long tot_bw = atomic_long_read(&wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth); + + if (nr_pages == LONG_MAX) + return LONG_MAX; + + /* + * This may be called on clean wb's and proportional distribution + * may not make sense, just use the original @nr_pages in those + * cases. In general, we wanna err on the side of writing more. + */ + if (!tot_bw || this_bw >= tot_bw) + return nr_pages; + else + return DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL((u64)nr_pages * this_bw, tot_bw); +} + +/** + * bdi_split_work_to_wbs - split a wb_writeback_work to all wb's of a bdi + * @bdi: target backing_dev_info + * @base_work: wb_writeback_work to issue + * @skip_if_busy: skip wb's which already have writeback in progress + * + * Split and issue @base_work to all wb's (bdi_writeback's) of @bdi which + * have dirty inodes. If @base_work->nr_page isn't %LONG_MAX, it's + * distributed to the busy wbs according to each wb's proportion in the + * total active write bandwidth of @bdi. + */ +static void bdi_split_work_to_wbs(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + struct wb_writeback_work *base_work, + bool skip_if_busy) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *last_wb = NULL; + struct bdi_writeback *wb = list_entry(&bdi->wb_list, + struct bdi_writeback, bdi_node); + + might_sleep(); +restart: + rcu_read_lock(); + list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node) { + DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(fallback_work_done, bdi); + struct wb_writeback_work fallback_work; + struct wb_writeback_work *work; + long nr_pages; + + if (last_wb) { + wb_put(last_wb); + last_wb = NULL; + } + + /* SYNC_ALL writes out I_DIRTY_TIME too */ + if (!wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && + (base_work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE || + list_empty(&wb->b_dirty_time))) + continue; + if (skip_if_busy && writeback_in_progress(wb)) + continue; + + nr_pages = wb_split_bdi_pages(wb, base_work->nr_pages); + + work = kmalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_ATOMIC); + if (work) { + *work = *base_work; + work->nr_pages = nr_pages; + work->auto_free = 1; + wb_queue_work(wb, work); + continue; + } + + /* + * If wb_tryget fails, the wb has been shutdown, skip it. + * + * Pin @wb so that it stays on @bdi->wb_list. This allows + * continuing iteration from @wb after dropping and + * regrabbing rcu read lock. + */ + if (!wb_tryget(wb)) + continue; + + /* alloc failed, execute synchronously using on-stack fallback */ + work = &fallback_work; + *work = *base_work; + work->nr_pages = nr_pages; + work->auto_free = 0; + work->done = &fallback_work_done; + + wb_queue_work(wb, work); + last_wb = wb; + + rcu_read_unlock(); + wb_wait_for_completion(&fallback_work_done); + goto restart; + } + rcu_read_unlock(); + + if (last_wb) + wb_put(last_wb); +} + +/** + * cgroup_writeback_by_id - initiate cgroup writeback from bdi and memcg IDs + * @bdi_id: target bdi id + * @memcg_id: target memcg css id + * @nr: number of pages to write, 0 for best-effort dirty flushing + * @reason: reason why some writeback work initiated + * @done: target wb_completion + * + * Initiate flush of the bdi_writeback identified by @bdi_id and @memcg_id + * with the specified parameters. + */ +int cgroup_writeback_by_id(u64 bdi_id, int memcg_id, unsigned long nr, + enum wb_reason reason, struct wb_completion *done) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi; + struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css; + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + struct wb_writeback_work *work; + int ret; + + /* lookup bdi and memcg */ + bdi = bdi_get_by_id(bdi_id); + if (!bdi) + return -ENOENT; + + rcu_read_lock(); + memcg_css = css_from_id(memcg_id, &memory_cgrp_subsys); + if (memcg_css && !css_tryget(memcg_css)) + memcg_css = NULL; + rcu_read_unlock(); + if (!memcg_css) { + ret = -ENOENT; + goto out_bdi_put; + } + + /* + * And find the associated wb. If the wb isn't there already + * there's nothing to flush, don't create one. + */ + wb = wb_get_lookup(bdi, memcg_css); + if (!wb) { + ret = -ENOENT; + goto out_css_put; + } + + /* + * If @nr is zero, the caller is attempting to write out most of + * the currently dirty pages. Let's take the current dirty page + * count and inflate it by 25% which should be large enough to + * flush out most dirty pages while avoiding getting livelocked by + * concurrent dirtiers. + */ + if (!nr) { + unsigned long filepages, headroom, dirty, writeback; + + mem_cgroup_wb_stats(wb, &filepages, &headroom, &dirty, + &writeback); + nr = dirty * 10 / 8; + } + + /* issue the writeback work */ + work = kzalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN); + if (work) { + work->nr_pages = nr; + work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE; + work->range_cyclic = 1; + work->reason = reason; + work->done = done; + work->auto_free = 1; + wb_queue_work(wb, work); + ret = 0; + } else { + ret = -ENOMEM; + } + + wb_put(wb); +out_css_put: + css_put(memcg_css); +out_bdi_put: + bdi_put(bdi); + return ret; +} + +/** + * cgroup_writeback_umount - flush inode wb switches for umount + * + * This function is called when a super_block is about to be destroyed and + * flushes in-flight inode wb switches. An inode wb switch goes through + * RCU and then workqueue, so the two need to be flushed in order to ensure + * that all previously scheduled switches are finished. As wb switches are + * rare occurrences and synchronize_rcu() can take a while, perform + * flushing iff wb switches are in flight. + */ +void cgroup_writeback_umount(void) +{ + if (atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight)) { + /* + * Use rcu_barrier() to wait for all pending callbacks to + * ensure that all in-flight wb switches are in the workqueue. + */ + rcu_barrier(); + flush_workqueue(isw_wq); + } +} + +static int __init cgroup_writeback_init(void) +{ + isw_wq = alloc_workqueue("inode_switch_wbs", 0, 0); + if (!isw_wq) + return -ENOMEM; + return 0; +} +fs_initcall(cgroup_writeback_init); + +#else /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */ + +static void bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) { } +static void bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) { } + +static struct bdi_writeback * +locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode) + __releases(&inode->i_lock) + __acquires(&wb->list_lock) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode); + + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + return wb; +} + +static struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode) + __acquires(&wb->list_lock) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode); + + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + return wb; +} + +static long wb_split_bdi_pages(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages) +{ + return nr_pages; +} + +static void bdi_split_work_to_wbs(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + struct wb_writeback_work *base_work, + bool skip_if_busy) +{ + might_sleep(); + + if (!skip_if_busy || !writeback_in_progress(&bdi->wb)) { + base_work->auto_free = 0; + wb_queue_work(&bdi->wb, base_work); + } +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */ + +/* + * Add in the number of potentially dirty inodes, because each inode + * write can dirty pagecache in the underlying blockdev. + */ +static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(void) +{ + return global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) + + get_nr_dirty_inodes(); +} + +static void wb_start_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb, enum wb_reason reason) +{ + if (!wb_has_dirty_io(wb)) + return; + + /* + * All callers of this function want to start writeback of all + * dirty pages. Places like vmscan can call this at a very + * high frequency, causing pointless allocations of tons of + * work items and keeping the flusher threads busy retrieving + * that work. Ensure that we only allow one of them pending and + * inflight at the time. + */ + if (test_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state) || + test_and_set_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state)) + return; + + wb->start_all_reason = reason; + wb_wakeup(wb); +} + +/** + * wb_start_background_writeback - start background writeback + * @wb: bdi_writback to write from + * + * Description: + * This makes sure WB_SYNC_NONE background writeback happens. When + * this function returns, it is only guaranteed that for given wb + * some IO is happening if we are over background dirty threshold. + * Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore. + */ +void wb_start_background_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + /* + * We just wake up the flusher thread. It will perform background + * writeback as soon as there is no other work to do. + */ + trace_writeback_wake_background(wb); + wb_wakeup(wb); +} + +/* + * Remove the inode from the writeback list it is on. + */ +void inode_io_list_del(struct inode *inode) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + + wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + inode_io_list_del_locked(inode, wb); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_io_list_del); + +/* + * mark an inode as under writeback on the sb + */ +void sb_mark_inode_writeback(struct inode *inode) +{ + struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; + unsigned long flags; + + if (list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) { + spin_lock_irqsave(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags); + if (list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) { + list_add_tail(&inode->i_wb_list, &sb->s_inodes_wb); + trace_sb_mark_inode_writeback(inode); + } + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags); + } +} + +/* + * clear an inode as under writeback on the sb + */ +void sb_clear_inode_writeback(struct inode *inode) +{ + struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; + unsigned long flags; + + if (!list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) { + spin_lock_irqsave(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags); + if (!list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) { + list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list); + trace_sb_clear_inode_writeback(inode); + } + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags); + } +} + +/* + * Redirty an inode: set its when-it-was dirtied timestamp and move it to the + * furthest end of its superblock's dirty-inode list. + * + * Before stamping the inode's ->dirtied_when, we check to see whether it is + * already the most-recently-dirtied inode on the b_dirty list. If that is + * the case then the inode must have been redirtied while it was being written + * out and we don't reset its dirtied_when. + */ +static void redirty_tail_locked(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock); + + if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty)) { + struct inode *tail; + + tail = wb_inode(wb->b_dirty.next); + if (time_before(inode->dirtied_when, tail->dirtied_when)) + inode->dirtied_when = jiffies; + } + inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_dirty); + inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED; +} + +static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); +} + +/* + * requeue inode for re-scanning after bdi->b_io list is exhausted. + */ +static void requeue_io(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_more_io); +} + +static void inode_sync_complete(struct inode *inode) +{ + inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC; + /* If inode is clean an unused, put it into LRU now... */ + inode_add_lru(inode); + /* Waiters must see I_SYNC cleared before being woken up */ + smp_mb(); + wake_up_bit(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC); +} + +static bool inode_dirtied_after(struct inode *inode, unsigned long t) +{ + bool ret = time_after(inode->dirtied_when, t); +#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT + /* + * For inodes being constantly redirtied, dirtied_when can get stuck. + * It _appears_ to be in the future, but is actually in distant past. + * This test is necessary to prevent such wrapped-around relative times + * from permanently stopping the whole bdi writeback. + */ + ret = ret && time_before_eq(inode->dirtied_when, jiffies); +#endif + return ret; +} + +#define EXPIRE_DIRTY_ATIME 0x0001 + +/* + * Move expired (dirtied before dirtied_before) dirty inodes from + * @delaying_queue to @dispatch_queue. + */ +static int move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue, + struct list_head *dispatch_queue, + unsigned long dirtied_before) +{ + LIST_HEAD(tmp); + struct list_head *pos, *node; + struct super_block *sb = NULL; + struct inode *inode; + int do_sb_sort = 0; + int moved = 0; + + while (!list_empty(delaying_queue)) { + inode = wb_inode(delaying_queue->prev); + if (inode_dirtied_after(inode, dirtied_before)) + break; + list_move(&inode->i_io_list, &tmp); + moved++; + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + inode->i_state |= I_SYNC_QUEUED; + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + if (sb_is_blkdev_sb(inode->i_sb)) + continue; + if (sb && sb != inode->i_sb) + do_sb_sort = 1; + sb = inode->i_sb; + } + + /* just one sb in list, splice to dispatch_queue and we're done */ + if (!do_sb_sort) { + list_splice(&tmp, dispatch_queue); + goto out; + } + + /* Move inodes from one superblock together */ + while (!list_empty(&tmp)) { + sb = wb_inode(tmp.prev)->i_sb; + list_for_each_prev_safe(pos, node, &tmp) { + inode = wb_inode(pos); + if (inode->i_sb == sb) + list_move(&inode->i_io_list, dispatch_queue); + } + } +out: + return moved; +} + +/* + * Queue all expired dirty inodes for io, eldest first. + * Before + * newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io + * =============> gf edc BA + * After + * newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io + * =============> g fBAedc + * | + * +--> dequeue for IO + */ +static void queue_io(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct wb_writeback_work *work, + unsigned long dirtied_before) +{ + int moved; + unsigned long time_expire_jif = dirtied_before; + + assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock); + list_splice_init(&wb->b_more_io, &wb->b_io); + moved = move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty, &wb->b_io, dirtied_before); + if (!work->for_sync) + time_expire_jif = jiffies - dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ; + moved += move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty_time, &wb->b_io, + time_expire_jif); + if (moved) + wb_io_lists_populated(wb); + trace_writeback_queue_io(wb, work, dirtied_before, moved); +} + +static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + int ret; + + if (inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode && !is_bad_inode(inode)) { + trace_writeback_write_inode_start(inode, wbc); + ret = inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode(inode, wbc); + trace_writeback_write_inode(inode, wbc); + return ret; + } + return 0; +} + +/* + * Wait for writeback on an inode to complete. Called with i_lock held. + * Caller must make sure inode cannot go away when we drop i_lock. + */ +static void __inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode) + __releases(inode->i_lock) + __acquires(inode->i_lock) +{ + DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wq, &inode->i_state, __I_SYNC); + wait_queue_head_t *wqh; + + wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC); + while (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) { + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + __wait_on_bit(wqh, &wq, bit_wait, + TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + } +} + +/* + * Wait for writeback on an inode to complete. Caller must have inode pinned. + */ +void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode) +{ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + __inode_wait_for_writeback(inode); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); +} + +/* + * Sleep until I_SYNC is cleared. This function must be called with i_lock + * held and drops it. It is aimed for callers not holding any inode reference + * so once i_lock is dropped, inode can go away. + */ +static void inode_sleep_on_writeback(struct inode *inode) + __releases(inode->i_lock) +{ + DEFINE_WAIT(wait); + wait_queue_head_t *wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC); + int sleep; + + prepare_to_wait(wqh, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); + sleep = inode->i_state & I_SYNC; + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + if (sleep) + schedule(); + finish_wait(wqh, &wait); +} + +/* + * Find proper writeback list for the inode depending on its current state and + * possibly also change of its state while we were doing writeback. Here we + * handle things such as livelock prevention or fairness of writeback among + * inodes. This function can be called only by flusher thread - noone else + * processes all inodes in writeback lists and requeueing inodes behind flusher + * thread's back can have unexpected consequences. + */ +static void requeue_inode(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING) + return; + + /* + * Sync livelock prevention. Each inode is tagged and synced in one + * shot. If still dirty, it will be redirty_tail()'ed below. Update + * the dirty time to prevent enqueue and sync it again. + */ + if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) && + (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->tagged_writepages)) + inode->dirtied_when = jiffies; + + if (wbc->pages_skipped) { + /* + * writeback is not making progress due to locked + * buffers. Skip this inode for now. + */ + redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb); + return; + } + + if (mapping_tagged(inode->i_mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) { + /* + * We didn't write back all the pages. nfs_writepages() + * sometimes bales out without doing anything. + */ + if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0) { + /* Slice used up. Queue for next turn. */ + requeue_io(inode, wb); + } else { + /* + * Writeback blocked by something other than + * congestion. Delay the inode for some time to + * avoid spinning on the CPU (100% iowait) + * retrying writeback of the dirty page/inode + * that cannot be performed immediately. + */ + redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb); + } + } else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) { + /* + * Filesystems can dirty the inode during writeback operations, + * such as delayed allocation during submission or metadata + * updates after data IO completion. + */ + redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb); + } else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) { + inode->dirtied_when = jiffies; + inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_dirty_time); + inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED; + } else { + /* The inode is clean. Remove from writeback lists. */ + inode_io_list_del_locked(inode, wb); + } +} + +/* + * Write out an inode and its dirty pages. Do not update the writeback list + * linkage. That is left to the caller. The caller is also responsible for + * setting I_SYNC flag and calling inode_sync_complete() to clear it. + */ +static int +__writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; + long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write; + unsigned dirty; + int ret; + + WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC)); + + trace_writeback_single_inode_start(inode, wbc, nr_to_write); + + ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc); + + /* + * Make sure to wait on the data before writing out the metadata. + * This is important for filesystems that modify metadata on data + * I/O completion. We don't do it for sync(2) writeback because it has a + * separate, external IO completion path and ->sync_fs for guaranteeing + * inode metadata is written back correctly. + */ + if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL && !wbc->for_sync) { + int err = filemap_fdatawait(mapping); + if (ret == 0) + ret = err; + } + + /* + * If the inode has dirty timestamps and we need to write them, call + * mark_inode_dirty_sync() to notify the filesystem about it and to + * change I_DIRTY_TIME into I_DIRTY_SYNC. + */ + if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) && + (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->for_sync || + time_after(jiffies, inode->dirtied_time_when + + dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ))) { + trace_writeback_lazytime(inode); + mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode); + } + + /* + * Some filesystems may redirty the inode during the writeback + * due to delalloc, clear dirty metadata flags right before + * write_inode() + */ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY; + inode->i_state &= ~dirty; + + /* + * Paired with smp_mb() in __mark_inode_dirty(). This allows + * __mark_inode_dirty() to test i_state without grabbing i_lock - + * either they see the I_DIRTY bits cleared or we see the dirtied + * inode. + * + * I_DIRTY_PAGES is always cleared together above even if @mapping + * still has dirty pages. The flag is reinstated after smp_mb() if + * necessary. This guarantees that either __mark_inode_dirty() + * sees clear I_DIRTY_PAGES or we see PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY. + */ + smp_mb(); + + if (mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) + inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES; + + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + + /* Don't write the inode if only I_DIRTY_PAGES was set */ + if (dirty & ~I_DIRTY_PAGES) { + int err = write_inode(inode, wbc); + if (ret == 0) + ret = err; + } + trace_writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc, nr_to_write); + return ret; +} + +/* + * Write out an inode's dirty pages. Either the caller has an active reference + * on the inode or the inode has I_WILL_FREE set. + * + * This function is designed to be called for writing back one inode which + * we go e.g. from filesystem. Flusher thread uses __writeback_single_inode() + * and does more profound writeback list handling in writeback_sb_inodes(). + */ +static int writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, + struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + int ret = 0; + + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count)) + WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & (I_WILL_FREE|I_FREEING))); + else + WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_WILL_FREE); + + if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) { + if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) + goto out; + /* + * It's a data-integrity sync. We must wait. Since callers hold + * inode reference or inode has I_WILL_FREE set, it cannot go + * away under us. + */ + __inode_wait_for_writeback(inode); + } + WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_SYNC); + /* + * Skip inode if it is clean and we have no outstanding writeback in + * WB_SYNC_ALL mode. We don't want to mess with writeback lists in this + * function since flusher thread may be doing for example sync in + * parallel and if we move the inode, it could get skipped. So here we + * make sure inode is on some writeback list and leave it there unless + * we have completely cleaned the inode. + */ + if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL) && + (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL || + !mapping_tagged(inode->i_mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK))) + goto out; + inode->i_state |= I_SYNC; + wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(wbc, inode); + + ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc); + + wbc_detach_inode(wbc); + + wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + /* + * If inode is clean, remove it from writeback lists. Otherwise don't + * touch it. See comment above for explanation. + */ + if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL)) + inode_io_list_del_locked(inode, wb); + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + inode_sync_complete(inode); +out: + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + return ret; +} + +static long writeback_chunk_size(struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + long pages; + + /* + * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty + * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX + * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once. + * + * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is: + * + * wb_writeback() + * writeback_sb_inodes() <== called only once + * write_cache_pages() <== called once for each inode + * (quickly) tag currently dirty pages + * (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages + */ + if (work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || work->tagged_writepages) + pages = LONG_MAX; + else { + pages = min(wb->avg_write_bandwidth / 2, + global_wb_domain.dirty_limit / DIRTY_SCOPE); + pages = min(pages, work->nr_pages); + pages = round_down(pages + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES, + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES); + } + + return pages; +} + +/* + * Write a portion of b_io inodes which belong to @sb. + * + * Return the number of pages and/or inodes written. + * + * NOTE! This is called with wb->list_lock held, and will + * unlock and relock that for each inode it ends up doing + * IO for. + */ +static long writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, + struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + struct writeback_control wbc = { + .sync_mode = work->sync_mode, + .tagged_writepages = work->tagged_writepages, + .for_kupdate = work->for_kupdate, + .for_background = work->for_background, + .for_sync = work->for_sync, + .range_cyclic = work->range_cyclic, + .range_start = 0, + .range_end = LLONG_MAX, + }; + unsigned long start_time = jiffies; + long write_chunk; + long total_wrote = 0; /* count both pages and inodes */ + + while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) { + struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev); + struct bdi_writeback *tmp_wb; + long wrote; + + if (inode->i_sb != sb) { + if (work->sb) { + /* + * We only want to write back data for this + * superblock, move all inodes not belonging + * to it back onto the dirty list. + */ + redirty_tail(inode, wb); + continue; + } + + /* + * The inode belongs to a different superblock. + * Bounce back to the caller to unpin this and + * pin the next superblock. + */ + break; + } + + /* + * Don't bother with new inodes or inodes being freed, first + * kind does not need periodic writeout yet, and for the latter + * kind writeout is handled by the freer. + */ + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (inode->i_state & (I_NEW | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE)) { + redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + continue; + } + if ((inode->i_state & I_SYNC) && wbc.sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) { + /* + * If this inode is locked for writeback and we are not + * doing writeback-for-data-integrity, move it to + * b_more_io so that writeback can proceed with the + * other inodes on s_io. + * + * We'll have another go at writing back this inode + * when we completed a full scan of b_io. + */ + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + requeue_io(inode, wb); + trace_writeback_sb_inodes_requeue(inode); + continue; + } + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + + /* + * We already requeued the inode if it had I_SYNC set and we + * are doing WB_SYNC_NONE writeback. So this catches only the + * WB_SYNC_ALL case. + */ + if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) { + /* Wait for I_SYNC. This function drops i_lock... */ + inode_sleep_on_writeback(inode); + /* Inode may be gone, start again */ + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + continue; + } + inode->i_state |= I_SYNC; + wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(&wbc, inode); + + write_chunk = writeback_chunk_size(wb, work); + wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk; + wbc.pages_skipped = 0; + + /* + * We use I_SYNC to pin the inode in memory. While it is set + * evict_inode() will wait so the inode cannot be freed. + */ + __writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc); + + wbc_detach_inode(&wbc); + work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write; + wrote = write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write - wbc.pages_skipped; + wrote = wrote < 0 ? 0 : wrote; + total_wrote += wrote; + + if (need_resched()) { + /* + * We're trying to balance between building up a nice + * long list of IOs to improve our merge rate, and + * getting those IOs out quickly for anyone throttling + * in balance_dirty_pages(). cond_resched() doesn't + * unplug, so get our IOs out the door before we + * give up the CPU. + */ + blk_flush_plug(current); + cond_resched(); + } + + /* + * Requeue @inode if still dirty. Be careful as @inode may + * have been switched to another wb in the meantime. + */ + tmp_wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL)) + total_wrote++; + requeue_inode(inode, tmp_wb, &wbc); + inode_sync_complete(inode); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + + if (unlikely(tmp_wb != wb)) { + spin_unlock(&tmp_wb->list_lock); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + } + + /* + * bail out to wb_writeback() often enough to check + * background threshold and other termination conditions. + */ + if (total_wrote) { + if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL)) + break; + if (work->nr_pages <= 0) + break; + } + } + return total_wrote; +} + +static long __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + unsigned long start_time = jiffies; + long wrote = 0; + + while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) { + struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev); + struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; + + if (!trylock_super(sb)) { + /* + * trylock_super() may fail consistently due to + * s_umount being grabbed by someone else. Don't use + * requeue_io() to avoid busy retrying the inode/sb. + */ + redirty_tail(inode, wb); + continue; + } + wrote += writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, work); + up_read(&sb->s_umount); + + /* refer to the same tests at the end of writeback_sb_inodes */ + if (wrote) { + if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL)) + break; + if (work->nr_pages <= 0) + break; + } + } + /* Leave any unwritten inodes on b_io */ + return wrote; +} + +static long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages, + enum wb_reason reason) +{ + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .nr_pages = nr_pages, + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, + .range_cyclic = 1, + .reason = reason, + }; + struct blk_plug plug; + + blk_start_plug(&plug); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + if (list_empty(&wb->b_io)) + queue_io(wb, &work, jiffies); + __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &work); + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + blk_finish_plug(&plug); + + return nr_pages - work.nr_pages; +} + +/* + * Explicit flushing or periodic writeback of "old" data. + * + * Define "old": the first time one of an inode's pages is dirtied, we mark the + * dirtying-time in the inode's address_space. So this periodic writeback code + * just walks the superblock inode list, writing back any inodes which are + * older than a specific point in time. + * + * Try to run once per dirty_writeback_interval. But if a writeback event + * takes longer than a dirty_writeback_interval interval, then leave a + * one-second gap. + * + * dirtied_before takes precedence over nr_to_write. So we'll only write back + * all dirty pages if they are all attached to "old" mappings. + */ +static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb, + struct wb_writeback_work *work) +{ + unsigned long wb_start = jiffies; + long nr_pages = work->nr_pages; + unsigned long dirtied_before = jiffies; + struct inode *inode; + long progress; + struct blk_plug plug; + + blk_start_plug(&plug); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + for (;;) { + /* + * Stop writeback when nr_pages has been consumed + */ + if (work->nr_pages <= 0) + break; + + /* + * Background writeout and kupdate-style writeback may + * run forever. Stop them if there is other work to do + * so that e.g. sync can proceed. They'll be restarted + * after the other works are all done. + */ + if ((work->for_background || work->for_kupdate) && + !list_empty(&wb->work_list)) + break; + + /* + * For background writeout, stop when we are below the + * background dirty threshold + */ + if (work->for_background && !wb_over_bg_thresh(wb)) + break; + + /* + * Kupdate and background works are special and we want to + * include all inodes that need writing. Livelock avoidance is + * handled by these works yielding to any other work so we are + * safe. + */ + if (work->for_kupdate) { + dirtied_before = jiffies - + msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_expire_interval * 10); + } else if (work->for_background) + dirtied_before = jiffies; + + trace_writeback_start(wb, work); + if (list_empty(&wb->b_io)) + queue_io(wb, work, dirtied_before); + if (work->sb) + progress = writeback_sb_inodes(work->sb, wb, work); + else + progress = __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, work); + trace_writeback_written(wb, work); + + wb_update_bandwidth(wb, wb_start); + + /* + * Did we write something? Try for more + * + * Dirty inodes are moved to b_io for writeback in batches. + * The completion of the current batch does not necessarily + * mean the overall work is done. So we keep looping as long + * as made some progress on cleaning pages or inodes. + */ + if (progress) + continue; + /* + * No more inodes for IO, bail + */ + if (list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) + break; + /* + * Nothing written. Wait for some inode to + * become available for writeback. Otherwise + * we'll just busyloop. + */ + trace_writeback_wait(wb, work); + inode = wb_inode(wb->b_more_io.prev); + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + /* This function drops i_lock... */ + inode_sleep_on_writeback(inode); + spin_lock(&wb->list_lock); + } + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + blk_finish_plug(&plug); + + return nr_pages - work->nr_pages; +} + +/* + * Return the next wb_writeback_work struct that hasn't been processed yet. + */ +static struct wb_writeback_work *get_next_work_item(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + struct wb_writeback_work *work = NULL; + + spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock); + if (!list_empty(&wb->work_list)) { + work = list_entry(wb->work_list.next, + struct wb_writeback_work, list); + list_del_init(&work->list); + } + spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock); + return work; +} + +static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + if (wb_over_bg_thresh(wb)) { + + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .nr_pages = LONG_MAX, + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, + .for_background = 1, + .range_cyclic = 1, + .reason = WB_REASON_BACKGROUND, + }; + + return wb_writeback(wb, &work); + } + + return 0; +} + +static long wb_check_old_data_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + unsigned long expired; + long nr_pages; + + /* + * When set to zero, disable periodic writeback + */ + if (!dirty_writeback_interval) + return 0; + + expired = wb->last_old_flush + + msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10); + if (time_before(jiffies, expired)) + return 0; + + wb->last_old_flush = jiffies; + nr_pages = get_nr_dirty_pages(); + + if (nr_pages) { + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .nr_pages = nr_pages, + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, + .for_kupdate = 1, + .range_cyclic = 1, + .reason = WB_REASON_PERIODIC, + }; + + return wb_writeback(wb, &work); + } + + return 0; +} + +static long wb_check_start_all(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + long nr_pages; + + if (!test_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state)) + return 0; + + nr_pages = get_nr_dirty_pages(); + if (nr_pages) { + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .nr_pages = wb_split_bdi_pages(wb, nr_pages), + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, + .range_cyclic = 1, + .reason = wb->start_all_reason, + }; + + nr_pages = wb_writeback(wb, &work); + } + + clear_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state); + return nr_pages; +} + + +/* + * Retrieve work items and do the writeback they describe + */ +static long wb_do_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb) +{ + struct wb_writeback_work *work; + long wrote = 0; + + set_bit(WB_writeback_running, &wb->state); + while ((work = get_next_work_item(wb)) != NULL) { + trace_writeback_exec(wb, work); + wrote += wb_writeback(wb, work); + finish_writeback_work(wb, work); + } + + /* + * Check for a flush-everything request + */ + wrote += wb_check_start_all(wb); + + /* + * Check for periodic writeback, kupdated() style + */ + wrote += wb_check_old_data_flush(wb); + wrote += wb_check_background_flush(wb); + clear_bit(WB_writeback_running, &wb->state); + + return wrote; +} + +/* + * Handle writeback of dirty data for the device backed by this bdi. Also + * reschedules periodically and does kupdated style flushing. + */ +void wb_workfn(struct work_struct *work) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(to_delayed_work(work), + struct bdi_writeback, dwork); + long pages_written; + + set_worker_desc("flush-%s", bdi_dev_name(wb->bdi)); + current->flags |= PF_SWAPWRITE; + + if (likely(!current_is_workqueue_rescuer() || + !test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state))) { + /* + * The normal path. Keep writing back @wb until its + * work_list is empty. Note that this path is also taken + * if @wb is shutting down even when we're running off the + * rescuer as work_list needs to be drained. + */ + do { + pages_written = wb_do_writeback(wb); + trace_writeback_pages_written(pages_written); + } while (!list_empty(&wb->work_list)); + } else { + /* + * bdi_wq can't get enough workers and we're running off + * the emergency worker. Don't hog it. Hopefully, 1024 is + * enough for efficient IO. + */ + pages_written = writeback_inodes_wb(wb, 1024, + WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD); + trace_writeback_pages_written(pages_written); + } + + if (!list_empty(&wb->work_list)) + wb_wakeup(wb); + else if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && dirty_writeback_interval) + wb_wakeup_delayed(wb); + + current->flags &= ~PF_SWAPWRITE; +} + +/* + * Start writeback of `nr_pages' pages on this bdi. If `nr_pages' is zero, + * write back the whole world. + */ +static void __wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + enum wb_reason reason) +{ + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + + if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi)) + return; + + list_for_each_entry_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node) + wb_start_writeback(wb, reason); +} + +void wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, + enum wb_reason reason) +{ + rcu_read_lock(); + __wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(bdi, reason); + rcu_read_unlock(); +} + +/* + * Wakeup the flusher threads to start writeback of all currently dirty pages + */ +void wakeup_flusher_threads(enum wb_reason reason) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi; + + /* + * If we are expecting writeback progress we must submit plugged IO. + */ + if (blk_needs_flush_plug(current)) + blk_schedule_flush_plug(current); + + rcu_read_lock(); + list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) + __wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(bdi, reason); + rcu_read_unlock(); +} + +/* + * Wake up bdi's periodically to make sure dirtytime inodes gets + * written back periodically. We deliberately do *not* check the + * b_dirtytime list in wb_has_dirty_io(), since this would cause the + * kernel to be constantly waking up once there are any dirtytime + * inodes on the system. So instead we define a separate delayed work + * function which gets called much more rarely. (By default, only + * once every 12 hours.) + * + * If there is any other write activity going on in the file system, + * this function won't be necessary. But if the only thing that has + * happened on the file system is a dirtytime inode caused by an atime + * update, we need this infrastructure below to make sure that inode + * eventually gets pushed out to disk. + */ +static void wakeup_dirtytime_writeback(struct work_struct *w); +static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(dirtytime_work, wakeup_dirtytime_writeback); + +static void wakeup_dirtytime_writeback(struct work_struct *w) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi; + + rcu_read_lock(); + list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) { + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + + list_for_each_entry_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node) + if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty_time)) + wb_wakeup(wb); + } + rcu_read_unlock(); + schedule_delayed_work(&dirtytime_work, dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ); +} + +static int __init start_dirtytime_writeback(void) +{ + schedule_delayed_work(&dirtytime_work, dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ); + return 0; +} +__initcall(start_dirtytime_writeback); + +int dirtytime_interval_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, + void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos) +{ + int ret; + + ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos); + if (ret == 0 && write) + mod_delayed_work(system_wq, &dirtytime_work, 0); + return ret; +} + +/** + * __mark_inode_dirty - internal function + * + * @inode: inode to mark + * @flags: what kind of dirty (i.e. I_DIRTY_SYNC) + * + * Mark an inode as dirty. Callers should use mark_inode_dirty or + * mark_inode_dirty_sync. + * + * Put the inode on the super block's dirty list. + * + * CAREFUL! We mark it dirty unconditionally, but move it onto the + * dirty list only if it is hashed or if it refers to a blockdev. + * If it was not hashed, it will never be added to the dirty list + * even if it is later hashed, as it will have been marked dirty already. + * + * In short, make sure you hash any inodes _before_ you start marking + * them dirty. + * + * Note that for blockdevs, inode->dirtied_when represents the dirtying time of + * the block-special inode (/dev/hda1) itself. And the ->dirtied_when field of + * the kernel-internal blockdev inode represents the dirtying time of the + * blockdev's pages. This is why for I_DIRTY_PAGES we always use + * page->mapping->host, so the page-dirtying time is recorded in the internal + * blockdev inode. + */ +void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags) +{ + struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; + int dirtytime; + + trace_writeback_mark_inode_dirty(inode, flags); + + /* + * Don't do this for I_DIRTY_PAGES - that doesn't actually + * dirty the inode itself + */ + if (flags & (I_DIRTY_INODE | I_DIRTY_TIME)) { + trace_writeback_dirty_inode_start(inode, flags); + + if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode) + sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode, flags); + + trace_writeback_dirty_inode(inode, flags); + } + if (flags & I_DIRTY_INODE) + flags &= ~I_DIRTY_TIME; + dirtytime = flags & I_DIRTY_TIME; + + /* + * Paired with smp_mb() in __writeback_single_inode() for the + * following lockless i_state test. See there for details. + */ + smp_mb(); + + if (((inode->i_state & flags) == flags) || + (dirtytime && (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_INODE))) + return; + + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (dirtytime && (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_INODE)) + goto out_unlock_inode; + if ((inode->i_state & flags) != flags) { + const int was_dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY; + + inode_attach_wb(inode, NULL); + + if (flags & I_DIRTY_INODE) + inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_TIME; + inode->i_state |= flags; + + /* + * If the inode is queued for writeback by flush worker, just + * update its dirty state. Once the flush worker is done with + * the inode it will place it on the appropriate superblock + * list, based upon its state. + */ + if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC_QUEUED) + goto out_unlock_inode; + + /* + * Only add valid (hashed) inodes to the superblock's + * dirty list. Add blockdev inodes as well. + */ + if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) { + if (inode_unhashed(inode)) + goto out_unlock_inode; + } + if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING) + goto out_unlock_inode; + + /* + * If the inode was already on b_dirty/b_io/b_more_io, don't + * reposition it (that would break b_dirty time-ordering). + */ + if (!was_dirty) { + struct bdi_writeback *wb; + struct list_head *dirty_list; + bool wakeup_bdi = false; + + wb = locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode); + + WARN((wb->bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK) && + !test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state), + "bdi-%s not registered\n", bdi_dev_name(wb->bdi)); + + inode->dirtied_when = jiffies; + if (dirtytime) + inode->dirtied_time_when = jiffies; + + if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) + dirty_list = &wb->b_dirty; + else + dirty_list = &wb->b_dirty_time; + + wakeup_bdi = inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, + dirty_list); + + spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock); + trace_writeback_dirty_inode_enqueue(inode); + + /* + * If this is the first dirty inode for this bdi, + * we have to wake-up the corresponding bdi thread + * to make sure background write-back happens + * later. + */ + if (wakeup_bdi && + (wb->bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK)) + wb_wakeup_delayed(wb); + return; + } + } +out_unlock_inode: + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty); + +/* + * The @s_sync_lock is used to serialise concurrent sync operations + * to avoid lock contention problems with concurrent wait_sb_inodes() calls. + * Concurrent callers will block on the s_sync_lock rather than doing contending + * walks. The queueing maintains sync(2) required behaviour as all the IO that + * has been issued up to the time this function is enter is guaranteed to be + * completed by the time we have gained the lock and waited for all IO that is + * in progress regardless of the order callers are granted the lock. + */ +static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb) +{ + LIST_HEAD(sync_list); + + /* + * We need to be protected against the filesystem going from + * r/o to r/w or vice versa. + */ + WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount)); + + mutex_lock(&sb->s_sync_lock); + + /* + * Splice the writeback list onto a temporary list to avoid waiting on + * inodes that have started writeback after this point. + * + * Use rcu_read_lock() to keep the inodes around until we have a + * reference. s_inode_wblist_lock protects sb->s_inodes_wb as well as + * the local list because inodes can be dropped from either by writeback + * completion. + */ + rcu_read_lock(); + spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock); + list_splice_init(&sb->s_inodes_wb, &sync_list); + + /* + * Data integrity sync. Must wait for all pages under writeback, because + * there may have been pages dirtied before our sync call, but which had + * writeout started before we write it out. In which case, the inode + * may not be on the dirty list, but we still have to wait for that + * writeout. + */ + while (!list_empty(&sync_list)) { + struct inode *inode = list_first_entry(&sync_list, struct inode, + i_wb_list); + struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; + + /* + * Move each inode back to the wb list before we drop the lock + * to preserve consistency between i_wb_list and the mapping + * writeback tag. Writeback completion is responsible to remove + * the inode from either list once the writeback tag is cleared. + */ + list_move_tail(&inode->i_wb_list, &sb->s_inodes_wb); + + /* + * The mapping can appear untagged while still on-list since we + * do not have the mapping lock. Skip it here, wb completion + * will remove it. + */ + if (!mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK)) + continue; + + spin_unlock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock); + + spin_lock(&inode->i_lock); + if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE|I_NEW)) { + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + + spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock); + continue; + } + __iget(inode); + spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock); + rcu_read_unlock(); + + /* + * We keep the error status of individual mapping so that + * applications can catch the writeback error using fsync(2). + * See filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors() for details. + */ + filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors(mapping); + + cond_resched(); + + iput(inode); + + rcu_read_lock(); + spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock); + } + spin_unlock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock); + rcu_read_unlock(); + mutex_unlock(&sb->s_sync_lock); +} + +static void __writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr, + enum wb_reason reason, bool skip_if_busy) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = sb->s_bdi; + DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(done, bdi); + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .sb = sb, + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, + .tagged_writepages = 1, + .done = &done, + .nr_pages = nr, + .reason = reason, + }; + + if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi) || bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info) + return; + WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount)); + + bdi_split_work_to_wbs(sb->s_bdi, &work, skip_if_busy); + wb_wait_for_completion(&done); +} + +/** + * writeback_inodes_sb_nr - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block + * @sb: the superblock + * @nr: the number of pages to write + * @reason: reason why some writeback work initiated + * + * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made + * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait + * for IO completion of submitted IO. + */ +void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, + unsigned long nr, + enum wb_reason reason) +{ + __writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr, reason, false); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr); + +/** + * writeback_inodes_sb - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block + * @sb: the superblock + * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated + * + * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made + * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait + * for IO completion of submitted IO. + */ +void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason) +{ + return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb); + +/** + * try_to_writeback_inodes_sb - try to start writeback if none underway + * @sb: the superblock + * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated + * + * Invoke __writeback_inodes_sb_nr if no writeback is currently underway. + */ +void try_to_writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason) +{ + if (!down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount)) + return; + + __writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason, true); + up_read(&sb->s_umount); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(try_to_writeback_inodes_sb); + +/** + * sync_inodes_sb - sync sb inode pages + * @sb: the superblock + * + * This function writes and waits on any dirty inode belonging to this + * super_block. + */ +void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb) +{ + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = sb->s_bdi; + DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(done, bdi); + struct wb_writeback_work work = { + .sb = sb, + .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL, + .nr_pages = LONG_MAX, + .range_cyclic = 0, + .done = &done, + .reason = WB_REASON_SYNC, + .for_sync = 1, + }; + + /* + * Can't skip on !bdi_has_dirty() because we should wait for !dirty + * inodes under writeback and I_DIRTY_TIME inodes ignored by + * bdi_has_dirty() need to be written out too. + */ + if (bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info) + return; + WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount)); + + /* protect against inode wb switch, see inode_switch_wbs_work_fn() */ + bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(bdi); + bdi_split_work_to_wbs(bdi, &work, false); + wb_wait_for_completion(&done); + bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(bdi); + + wait_sb_inodes(sb); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inodes_sb); + +/** + * write_inode_now - write an inode to disk + * @inode: inode to write to disk + * @sync: whether the write should be synchronous or not + * + * This function commits an inode to disk immediately if it is dirty. This is + * primarily needed by knfsd. + * + * The caller must either have a ref on the inode or must have set I_WILL_FREE. + */ +int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync) +{ + struct writeback_control wbc = { + .nr_to_write = LONG_MAX, + .sync_mode = sync ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE, + .range_start = 0, + .range_end = LLONG_MAX, + }; + + if (!mapping_can_writeback(inode->i_mapping)) + wbc.nr_to_write = 0; + + might_sleep(); + return writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now); + +/** + * sync_inode - write an inode and its pages to disk. + * @inode: the inode to sync + * @wbc: controls the writeback mode + * + * sync_inode() will write an inode and its pages to disk. It will also + * correctly update the inode on its superblock's dirty inode lists and will + * update inode->i_state. + * + * The caller must have a ref on the inode. + */ +int sync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc) +{ + return writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode); + +/** + * sync_inode_metadata - write an inode to disk + * @inode: the inode to sync + * @wait: wait for I/O to complete. + * + * Write an inode to disk and adjust its dirty state after completion. + * + * Note: only writes the actual inode, no associated data or other metadata. + */ +int sync_inode_metadata(struct inode *inode, int wait) +{ + struct writeback_control wbc = { + .sync_mode = wait ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE, + .nr_to_write = 0, /* metadata-only */ + }; + + return sync_inode(inode, &wbc); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode_metadata); |