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diff --git a/docs/guides/step-by-step/step-05.md b/docs/guides/step-by-step/step-05.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e62763 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/guides/step-by-step/step-05.md @@ -0,0 +1,343 @@ +<!-- +title: "Step 5. Health monitoring alarms and notifications" +custom_edit_url: https://github.com/netdata/netdata/edit/master/docs/guides/step-by-step/step-05.md +--> + +# Step 5. Health monitoring alarms and notifications + +In the fifth step of the Netdata guide, we're introducing you to one of our core features: **health monitoring**. + +To accurately monitor the health of your systems and applications, you need to know _immediately_ when there's something +strange going on. Netdata's alarm and notification systems are essential to keeping you informed. + +Netdata comes with hundreds of pre-configured alarms that don't require configuration. They were designed by our +community of system administrators to cover the most important parts of production systems, so, in many cases, you won't +need to edit them. + +Luckily, Netdata's alarm and notification system are incredibly adaptable to your infrastructure's unique needs. + +## What you'll learn in this step + +We'll talk about Netdata's default configuration, and then you'll learn how to do the following: + +- [Tune Netdata's pre-configured alarms](#tune-netdatas-pre-configured-alarms) +- [Write your first health entity](#write-your-first-health-entity) +- [Enable Netdata's notification systems](#enable-netdatas-notification-systems) + +## Tune Netdata's pre-configured alarms + +First, let's tune an alarm that came pre-configured with your Netdata installation. + +The first chart you see on any Netdata dashboard is the `system.cpu` chart, which shows the system's CPU utilization +across all cores. To figure out which file you need to edit to tune this alarm, click the **Alarms** button at the top +of the dashboard, click on the **All** tab, and find the **system - cpu** alarm entity. + + + +Look at the `source` row in the table. This means the `system.cpu` chart sources its health alarms from +`4@/usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health.d/cpu.conf`. To tune these alarms, you'll need to edit the alarm file at +`health.d/cpu.conf`. Go to your [Netdata config directory](step-04.md#find-your-netdataconf-file) and use the +`edit-config` script. + +```bash +sudo ./edit-config health.d/cpu.conf +``` + +The first **health entity** in that file looks like this: + +```yaml +template: 10min_cpu_usage + on: system.cpu + os: linux + hosts: * + lookup: average -10m unaligned of user,system,softirq,irq,guest + units: % + every: 1m + warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING) ? (75) : (85)) + crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (85) : (95)) + delay: down 15m multiplier 1.5 max 1h + info: average cpu utilization for the last 10 minutes (excluding iowait, nice and steal) + to: sysadmin +``` + +Let's say you want to tune this alarm to trigger warning and critical alarms at a lower CPU utilization. You can change +the `warn` and `crit` lines to the values of your choosing. For example: + +```yaml + warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING) ? (60) : (75)) + crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (75) : (85)) +``` + +You _can_ [restart Netdata](/docs/getting-started.md#start-stop-and-restart-netdata) to enable your tune, but you can +also reload _only_ the health monitoring component using one of the available [methods](/health/QUICKSTART.md#reload-health-configuration). + +You can also tune any other aspect of the default alarms. To better understand how each line in a health entity works, +read our [health documentation](/health/README.md). + +### Silence an individual alarm + +Many Netdata users don't need all the default alarms enabled. Instead of disabling any given alarm, or even _all_ +alarms, you can silence individual alarms by changing one line in a given health entity. Let's look at that +`health/cpu.conf` file again. + +```yaml +template: 10min_cpu_usage + on: system.cpu + os: linux + hosts: * + lookup: average -10m unaligned of user,system,softirq,irq,guest + units: % + every: 1m + warn: $this > (($status >= $WARNING) ? (75) : (85)) + crit: $this > (($status == $CRITICAL) ? (85) : (95)) + delay: down 15m multiplier 1.5 max 1h + info: average cpu utilization for the last 10 minutes (excluding iowait, nice and steal) + to: sysadmin +``` + +To silence this alarm, change `sysadmin` to `silent`. + +```yaml + to: silent +``` + +Use `netdatacli reload-health` to reload your health configuration. You can add `to: silent` to any alarm you'd rather not +bother you with notifications. + +## Write your first health entity + +The best way to understand how health entities work is building your own and experimenting with the options. To start, +let's build a health entity that triggers an alarm when system RAM usage goes above 80%. + +The first line in a health entity will be `alarm:`. This is how you name your entity. You can give it any name you +choose, but the only symbols allowed are `.` and `_`. Let's call the alarm `ram_usage`. + +```yaml + alarm: ram_usage +``` + +> You'll see some funky indentation in the lines coming up. Don't worry about it too much! Indentation is not important +> to how Netdata processes entities, and it will make sense when you're done. + +Next, you need to specify which chart this entity listens via the `on:` line. You're declaring that you want this alarm +to check metrics on the `system.ram` chart. + +```yaml + on: system.ram +``` + +Now comes the `lookup`. This line specifies what metrics the alarm is looking for, what duration of time it's looking +at, and how to process the metrics into a more usable format. + +```yaml +lookup: average -1m percentage of used +``` + +Let's take a moment to break this line down. + +- `average`: Calculate the average of all the metrics collected. +- `-1m`: Use metrics from 1 minute ago until now to calculate that average. +- `percentage`: Clarify that you want to calculate a percentage of RAM usage. +- `of used`: Specify which dimension (`used`) on the `system.ram` chart you want to monitor with this entity. + +In other words, you're taking 1 minute's worth of metrics from the `used` dimension on the `system.ram` chart, +calculating their average, and returning it as a percentage. + +You can move on to the `units` line, which lets Netdata know that we're working with a percentage and not an absolute +unit. + +```yaml + units: % +``` + +Next, the `every` line tells Netdata how often to perform the calculation you specified in the `lookup` line. For +certain alarms, you might want to use a shorter duration, which you can specify using values like `10s`. + +```yaml + every: 1m +``` + +We'll put the next two lines—`warn` and `crit`—together. In these lines, you declare at which percentage you want to +trigger a warning or critical alarm. Notice the variable `$this`, which is the value calculated by the `lookup` line. +These lines will trigger a warning if that average RAM usage goes above 80%, and a critical alert if it's above 90%. + +```yaml + warn: $this > 80 + crit: $this > 90 +``` + +> ❗ Most default Netdata alarms come with more complicated `warn` and `crit` lines. You may have noticed the line `warn: +> $this > (($status >= $WARNING) ? (75) : (85))` in one of the health entity examples above, which is an example of +> using the [conditional operator for hysteresis](/health/REFERENCE.md#special-use-of-the-conditional-operator). +> Hysteresis is used to keep Netdata from triggering a ton of alerts if the metric being tracked quickly goes above and +> then falls below the threshold. For this very simple example, we'll skip hysteresis, but recommend implementing it in +> your future health entities. + +Finish off with the `info` line, which creates a description of the alarm that will then appear in any +[notification](#enable-netdatas-notification-systems) you set up. This line is optional, but it has value—think of it as +documentation for a health entity! + +```yaml + info: The percentage of RAM being used by the system. +``` + +Here's what the entity looks like in full. Now you can see why we indented the lines, too. + +```yaml + alarm: ram_usage + on: system.ram +lookup: average -1m percentage of used + units: % + every: 1m + warn: $this > 80 + crit: $this > 90 + info: The percentage of RAM being used by the system. +``` + +What about what it looks like on the Netdata dashboard? + + + +If you'd like to try this alarm on your system, you can install a small program called +[stress](http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/disco/en/man1/stress.1.html) to create a synthetic load. Use the command +below, and change the `8G` value to a number that's appropriate for the amount of RAM on your system. + +```bash +stress -m 1 --vm-bytes 8G --vm-keep +``` + +Netdata is capable of understanding much more complicated entities. To better understand how they work, read the [health +documentation](/health/README.md), look at some [examples](/health/REFERENCE.md#example-alarms), and open the files +containing the default entities on your system. + +## Enable Netdata's notification systems + +Health alarms, while great on their own, are pretty useless without some way of you knowing they've been triggered. +That's why Netdata comes with a notification system that supports more than a dozen services, such as email, Slack, +Discord, PagerDuty, Twilio, Amazon SNS, and much more. + +To see all the supported systems, visit our [notifications documentation](/health/notifications/). + +We'll cover email and Slack notifications here, but with this knowledge you should be able to enable any other type of +notifications instead of or in addition to these. + +### Email notifications + +To use email notifications, you need `sendmail` or an equivalent installed on your system. Linux systems use `sendmail` +or similar programs to, unsurprisingly, send emails to any inbox. + +> Learn more about `sendmail` via its [documentation](http://www.postfix.org/sendmail.1.html). + +Edit the `health_alarm_notify.conf` file, which resides in your Netdata directory. + +```bash +sudo ./edit-config health_alarm_notify.conf +``` + +Look for the following lines: + +```conf +# if a role recipient is not configured, an email will be send to: +DEFAULT_RECIPIENT_EMAIL="root" +# to receive only critical alarms, set it to "root|critical" +``` + +Change the value of `DEFAULT_RECIPIENT_EMAIL` to the email address at which you'd like to receive notifications. + +```conf +# if a role recipient is not configured, an email will be sent to: +DEFAULT_RECIPIENT_EMAIL="me@example.com" +# to receive only critical alarms, set it to "root|critical" +``` + +Test email notifications system by first becoming the Netdata user and then asking Netdata to send a test alarm: + +```bash +sudo su -s /bin/bash netdata +/usr/libexec/netdata/plugins.d/alarm-notify.sh test +``` + +You should see output similar to this: + +```bash +# SENDING TEST WARNING ALARM TO ROLE: sysadmin +2019-10-17 18:23:38: alarm-notify.sh: INFO: sent email notification for: hostname test.chart.test_alarm is WARNING to 'me@example.com' +# OK + +# SENDING TEST CRITICAL ALARM TO ROLE: sysadmin +2019-10-17 18:23:38: alarm-notify.sh: INFO: sent email notification for: hostname test.chart.test_alarm is CRITICAL to 'me@example.com' +# OK + +# SENDING TEST CLEAR ALARM TO ROLE: sysadmin +2019-10-17 18:23:39: alarm-notify.sh: INFO: sent email notification for: hostname test.chart.test_alarm is CLEAR to 'me@example.com' +# OK +``` + +... and you should get three separate emails, one for each test alarm, in your inbox! (Be sure to check your spam +folder.) + +## Enable Slack notifications + +If you're one of the many who spend their workday getting pinged with GIFs by your colleagues, why not add Netdata +notifications to the mix? It's a great way to immediately see, collaborate around, and respond to anomalies in your +infrastructure. + +To get Slack notifications working, you first need to add an [incoming +webhook](https://slack.com/apps/A0F7XDUAZ-incoming-webhooks) to the channel of your choice. Click the green **Add to +Slack** button, choose the channel, and click the **Add Incoming WebHooks Integration** button. + +On the following page, you'll receive a **Webhook URL**. That's what you'll need to configure Netdata, so keep it handy. + +Time to dive back into your `health_alarm_notify.conf` file: + +```bash +sudo ./edit-config health_alarm_notify.conf +``` + +Look for the `SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL=" "` line and add the incoming webhook URL you got from Slack: + +```conf +SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL="https://hooks.slack.com/services/XXXXXXXXX/XXXXXXXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXX" +``` + +A few lines down, edit the `DEFAULT_RECIPIENT_SLACK` line to contain a single hash `#` character. This instructs Netdata +to send a notification to the channel you configured with the incoming webhook. + +```conf +DEFAULT_RECIPIENT_SLACK="#" +``` + +Time to test the notifications again! + +```bash +sudo su -s /bin/bash netdata +/usr/libexec/netdata/plugins.d/alarm-notify.sh test +``` + +You should receive three notifications in your Slack channel. + +Congratulations! You're set up with two awesome ways to get notified about any change in the health of your systems or +applications. + +To further configure your email or Slack notification setup, or to enable other notification systems, check out the +following documentation: + +- [Email notifications](/health/notifications/email/README.md) +- [Slack notifications](/health/notifications/slack/README.md) +- [Netdata's notification system](/health/notifications/README.md) + +## What's next? + +In this step, you learned the fundamentals of Netdata's health monitoring tools: alarms and notifications. You should be +able to tune default alarms, silence them, and understand some of the basics of writing health entities. And, if you so +chose, you'll now have both email and Slack notifications enabled. + +You're coming along quick! + +Next up, we're going to cover how Netdata collects its metrics, and how you can get Netdata to collect real-time metrics +from hundreds of services with almost no configuration on your part. Onward! + +[Next: Collect metrics from more services and apps →](step-06.md) + +[](<>) |