# Go applications monitoring with Netdata Monitors Go application that exposes its metrics with the use of `expvar` package from the Go standard library. The package produces charts for Go runtime memory statistics and optionally any number of custom charts. The `go_expvar` module produces the following charts: 1. **Heap allocations** in kB - alloc: size of objects allocated on the heap - inuse: size of allocated heap spans 2. **Stack allocations** in kB - inuse: size of allocated stack spans 3. **MSpan allocations** in kB - inuse: size of allocated mspan structures 4. **MCache allocations** in kB - inuse: size of allocated mcache structures 5. **Virtual memory** in kB - sys: size of reserved virtual address space 6. **Live objects** - live: number of live objects in memory 7. **GC pauses average** in ns - avg: average duration of all GC stop-the-world pauses ## Monitoring Go applications Netdata can be used to monitor running Go applications that expose their metrics with the use of the [expvar package](https://golang.org/pkg/expvar/) included in Go standard library. The `expvar` package exposes these metrics over HTTP and is very easy to use. Consider this minimal sample below: ```go package main import ( _ "expvar" "net/http" ) func main() { http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8080", nil) } ``` When imported this way, the `expvar` package registers a HTTP handler at `/debug/vars` that exposes Go runtime's memory statistics in JSON format. You can inspect the output by opening the URL in your browser (or by using `wget` or `curl`). Sample output: ```json { "cmdline": ["./expvar-demo-binary"], "memstats": {"Alloc":630856,"TotalAlloc":630856,"Sys":3346432,"Lookups":27, } } ``` You can of course expose and monitor your own variables as well. Here is a sample Go application that exposes a few custom variables: ```go package main import ( "expvar" "net/http" "runtime" "time" ) func main() { tick := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second) num_go := expvar.NewInt("runtime.goroutines") counters := expvar.NewMap("counters") counters.Set("cnt1", new(expvar.Int)) counters.Set("cnt2", new(expvar.Float)) go http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil) for { select { case <- tick.C: num_go.Set(int64(runtime.NumGoroutine())) counters.Add("cnt1", 1) counters.AddFloat("cnt2", 1.452) } } } ``` Apart from the runtime memory stats, this application publishes two counters and the number of currently running Goroutines and updates these stats every second. In the next section, we will cover how to monitor and chart these exposed stats with the use of `netdata`s `go_expvar` module. ### Using Netdata go_expvar module The `go_expvar` module is disabled by default. To enable it, edit `python.d.conf` (to edit it on your system run `/etc/netdata/edit-config python.d.conf`), and change the `go_expvar` variable to `yes`: ``` # Enable / Disable python.d.plugin modules #default_run: yes # # If "default_run" = "yes" the default for all modules is enabled (yes). # Setting any of these to "no" will disable it. # # If "default_run" = "no" the default for all modules is disabled (no). # Setting any of these to "yes" will enable it. ... go_expvar: yes ... ``` Next, we need to edit the module configuration file (found at `/etc/netdata/python.d/go_expvar.conf` by default) (to edit it on your system run `/etc/netdata/edit-config python.d/go_expvar.conf`). The module configuration consists of jobs, where each job can be used to monitor a separate Go application. Let's see a sample job configuration: ``` # /etc/netdata/python.d/go_expvar.conf app1: name : 'app1' url : 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug/vars' collect_memstats: true extra_charts: {} ``` Let's go over each of the defined options: ``` name: 'app1' ``` This is the job name that will appear at the Netdata dashboard. If not defined, the job_name (top level key) will be used. ``` url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug/vars' ``` This is the URL of the expvar endpoint. As the expvar handler can be installed in a custom path, the whole URL has to be specified. This value is mandatory. ``` collect_memstats: true ``` Whether to enable collecting stats about Go runtime's memory. You can find more information about the exposed values at the [runtime package docs](https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#MemStats). ``` extra_charts: {} ``` Enables the user to specify custom expvars to monitor and chart. Will be explained in more detail below. **Note: if `collect_memstats` is disabled and no `extra_charts` are defined, the plugin will disable itself, as there will be no data to collect!** Apart from these options, each job supports options inherited from Netdata's `python.d.plugin` and its base `UrlService` class. These are: ``` update_every: 1 # the job's data collection frequency priority: 60000 # the job's order on the dashboard user: admin # use when the expvar endpoint is protected by HTTP Basic Auth password: sekret # use when the expvar endpoint is protected by HTTP Basic Auth ``` ### Monitoring custom vars with go_expvar Now, memory stats might be useful, but what if you want Netdata to monitor some custom values that your Go application exposes? The `go_expvar` module can do that as well with the use of the `extra_charts` configuration variable. The `extra_charts` variable is a YaML list of Netdata chart definitions. Each chart definition has the following keys: ``` id: Netdata chart ID options: a key-value mapping of chart options lines: a list of line definitions ``` **Note: please do not use dots in the chart or line ID field. See [this issue](https://github.com/netdata/netdata/pull/1902#issuecomment-284494195) for explanation.** Please see these two links to the official Netdata documentation for more information about the values: - [External plugins - charts](/collectors/plugins.d/README.md#chart) - [Chart variables](/collectors/python.d.plugin/README.md#global-variables-order-and-chart) **Line definitions** Each chart can define multiple lines (dimensions). A line definition is a key-value mapping of line options. Each line can have the following options: ``` # mandatory expvar_key: the name of the expvar as present in the JSON output of /debug/vars endpoint expvar_type: value type; supported are "float" or "int" id: the id of this line/dimension in Netdata # optional - Netdata defaults are used if these options are not defined name: '' algorithm: absolute multiplier: 1 divisor: 100 if expvar_type == float, 1 if expvar_type == int hidden: False ``` Please see the following link for more information about the options and their default values: [External plugins - dimensions](/collectors/plugins.d/README.md#dimension) Apart from top-level expvars, this plugin can also parse expvars stored in a multi-level map; All dicts in the resulting JSON document are then flattened to one level. Expvar names are joined together with '.' when flattening. Example: ``` { "counters": {"cnt1": 1042, "cnt2": 1512.9839999999983}, "runtime.goroutines": 5 } ``` In the above case, the exported variables will be available under `runtime.goroutines`, `counters.cnt1` and `counters.cnt2` expvar_keys. If the flattening results in a key collision, the first defined key wins and all subsequent keys with the same name are ignored. ## Enable the collector The `go_expvar` collector is disabled by default. To enable it, use `edit-config` from the Netdata [config directory](/docs/configure/nodes.md), which is typically at `/etc/netdata`, to edit the `python.d.conf` file. ```bash cd /etc/netdata # Replace this path with your Netdata config directory, if different sudo ./edit-config python.d.conf ``` Change the value of the `go_expvar` setting to `yes`. Save the file and restart the Netdata Agent with `sudo systemctl restart netdata`, or the appropriate method for your system, to finish enabling the `go_expvar` collector. ## Configuration Edit the `python.d/go_expvar.conf` configuration file using `edit-config` from the Netdata [config directory](/docs/configure/nodes.md), which is typically at `/etc/netdata`. ```bash cd /etc/netdata # Replace this path with your Netdata config directory, if different sudo ./edit-config python.d/go_expvar.conf ``` The configuration below matches the second Go application described above. Netdata will monitor and chart memory stats for the application, as well as a custom chart of running goroutines and two dummy counters. ``` app1: name : 'app1' url : 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug/vars' collect_memstats: true extra_charts: - id: "runtime_goroutines" options: name: num_goroutines title: "runtime: number of goroutines" units: goroutines family: runtime context: expvar.runtime.goroutines chart_type: line lines: - {expvar_key: 'runtime.goroutines', expvar_type: int, id: runtime_goroutines} - id: "foo_counters" options: name: counters title: "some random counters" units: awesomeness family: counters context: expvar.foo.counters chart_type: line lines: - {expvar_key: 'counters.cnt1', expvar_type: int, id: counters_cnt1} - {expvar_key: 'counters.cnt2', expvar_type: float, id: counters_cnt2} ``` **Netdata charts example** The images below show how do the final charts in Netdata look.   [](<>)