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diff --git a/doc/guide/admin/appendix-common-errors.sdf b/doc/guide/admin/appendix-common-errors.sdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbc99ae --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/guide/admin/appendix-common-errors.sdf @@ -0,0 +1,662 @@ +# $OpenLDAP$ +# Copyright 2007-2021 The OpenLDAP Foundation, All Rights Reserved. +# COPYING RESTRICTIONS APPLY, see COPYRIGHT. + +H1: Common errors encountered when using OpenLDAP Software + +The following sections attempt to summarize the most common causes of LDAP errors +when using OpenLDAP + +H2: Common causes of LDAP errors + +H3: ldap_*: Can't contact LDAP server + +The {{B:Can't contact LDAP server}} error is usually returned when the LDAP +server cannot be contacted. This may occur for many reasons: + +* the LDAP server is not running; this can be checked by running, for example, + +> telnet <host> <port> + +replacing {{<host>}} and {{<port>}} with the hostname and the port the server +is supposed to listen on. +* the client has not been instructed to contact a running server; with OpenLDAP +command-line tools this is accomplished by providing the -H switch, whose +argument is a valid LDAP url corresponding to the interface the server is +supposed to be listening on. + +H3: ldap_*: No such object + +The {{B:no such object}} error is generally returned when the target DN of the +operation cannot be located. This section details reasons common to all +operations. You should also look for answers specific to the operation +(as indicated in the error message). + +The most common reason for this error is non-existence of the named object. First, +check for typos. + +Also note that, by default, a new directory server holds no objects +(except for a few system entries). So, if you are setting up a new directory +server and get this message, it may simply be that you have yet to add the +object you are trying to locate. + +The error commonly occurs because a DN was not specified and a default was not +properly configured. + +If you have a suffix specified in slapd.conf eg. + +> suffix "dc=example,dc=com" + +You should use + +> ldapsearch -b 'dc=example,dc=com' '(cn=jane*)' + +to tell it where to start the search. + +The {{F:-b}} should be specified for all LDAP commands unless you have an +{{ldap.conf}}(5) default configured. + +See {{ldapsearch}}(1), {{ldapmodify}}(1) + +Also, {{slapadd}}(8) and its ancillary programs are very strict about the +syntax of the LDIF file. + +Some liberties in the LDIF file may result in an apparently successful creation +of the database, but accessing some parts of it may be difficult. + +One known common error in database creation is putting a blank line before the +first entry in the LDIF file. {{B:There must be no leading blank lines in the +LDIF file.}} + +It is generally recommended that {{ldapadd}}(1) be used instead of {{slapadd}}(8) +when adding new entries your directory. {{slapadd}}(8) should be used to bulk +load entries known to be valid. + +Another cause of this message is a referral +({SECT:Constructing a Distributed Directory Service}}) entry to an unpopulated +directory. + +Either remove the referral, or add a single record with the referral base DN +to the empty directory. + +This error may also occur when slapd is unable to access the contents of its +database because of file permission problems. For instance, on a Red Hat Linux +system, slapd runs as user 'ldap'. When slapadd is run as root to create a +database from scratch, the contents of {{F:/var/lib/ldap}} are created with +user and group root and with permission 600, making the contents inaccessible +to the slapd server. + +H3: ldap_*: Can't chase referral + +This is caused by the line + +> referral ldap://root.openldap.org + +In {{F:slapd.conf}}, it was provided as an example for how to use referrals +in the original file. However if your machine is not permanently connected to +the Internet, it will fail to find the server, and hence produce an error message. + +To resolve, just place a # in front of line and restart slapd or point it to +an available ldap server. + +See also: {{ldapadd}}(1), {{ldapmodify}}(1) and {{slapd.conf}}(5) + +H3: ldap_*: server is unwilling to perform + +slapd will return an unwilling to perform error if the backend holding the +target entry does not support the given operation. + +The password backend is only willing to perform searches. It will return an +unwilling to perform error for all other operations. + +The shell backend is configurable and may support a limited subset of operations. +Check for other errors indicating a shortage of resources required by the +directory server. i.e. you may have a full disk etc + +H3: ldap_*: Insufficient access + +This error occurs when server denies the operation due to insufficient access. +This is usually caused by binding to a DN with insufficient privileges +(or binding anonymously) to perform the operation. + +You can bind as the rootdn/rootpw specified in {{slapd.conf}}(5) to gain full +access. Otherwise, you must bind to an entry which has been granted the +appropriate rights through access controls. + + +H3: ldap_*: Invalid DN syntax + +The target (or other) DN of the operation is invalid. This implies that either +the string representation of the DN is not in the required form, one of the +types in the attribute value assertions is not defined, or one of the values +in the attribute value assertions does not conform to the appropriate syntax. + +H3: ldap_*: Referral hop limit exceeded + +This error generally occurs when the client chases a referral which refers +itself back to a server it already contacted. The server responds as it did +before and the client loops. This loop is detected when the hop limit is exceeded. + +This is most often caused through misconfiguration of the server's default +referral. The default referral should not be itself: + +That is, on {{F:ldap://myldap/}} the default referral should not be {{F:ldap://myldap/}} + (or any hostname/ip which is equivalent to myldap). + +H3: ldap_*: operations error + +In some versions of {{slapd}}(8), {{operationsError}} was returned instead of other. + +H3: ldap_*: other error + +The other result code indicates an internal error has occurred. +While the additional information provided with the result code might provide +some hint as to the problem, often one will need to consult the server's log files. + +H3: ldap_add/modify: Invalid syntax + +This error is reported when a value of an attribute does not conform to syntax +restrictions. Additional information is commonly provided stating which value +of which attribute was found to be invalid. Double check this value and other +values (the server will only report the first error it finds). + +Common causes include: + +* extraneous whitespace (especially trailing whitespace) +* improperly encoded characters (LDAPv3 uses UTF-8 encoded Unicode) +* empty values (few syntaxes allow empty values) + + +For certain syntax, like OBJECT IDENTIFIER (OID), this error can indicate that +the OID descriptor (a "short name") provided is unrecognized. For instance, +this error is returned if the {{objectClass}} value provided is unrecognized. + +H3: ldap_add/modify: Object class violation + +This error is returned with the entry to be added or the entry as modified +violates the object class schema rules. Normally additional information is +returned the error detailing the violation. Some of these are detailed below. + +Violations related to the entry's attributes: + +> Attribute not allowed + +A provided attribute is not allowed by the entry's object class(es). + +> Missing required attribute + +An attribute required by the entry's object class(es) was not provided. + +Violations related to the entry's class(es): + +> Entry has no objectClass attribute + +The entry did not state which object classes it belonged to. + +> Unrecognized objectClass + +One (or more) of the listed objectClass values is not recognized. + +> No structural object class provided + +None of the listed objectClass values is structural. + +> Invalid structural object class chain + +Two or more structural objectClass values are not in same structural object +class chain. + +> Structural object class modification + +Modify operation attempts to change the structural class of the entry. + +> Instanstantiation of abstract objectClass. + +An abstract class is not subordinate to any listed structural or auxiliary class. + +> Invalid structural object class + +Other structural object class problem. + +> No structuralObjectClass operational attribute + +This is commonly returned when a shadow server is provided an entry which does +not contain the structuralObjectClass operational attribute. + + +Note that the above error messages as well as the above answer assumes basic +knowledge of LDAP/X.500 schema. + +H3: ldap_add: No such object + +The "ldap_add: No such object" error is commonly returned if parent of the +entry being added does not exist. Add the parent entry first... + +For example, if you are adding "cn=bob,dc=domain,dc=com" and you get: + +> ldap_add: No such object + +The entry "dc=domain,dc=com" likely doesn't exist. You can use ldapsearch to +see if does exist: + +> ldapsearch -b 'dc=domain,dc=com' -s base '(objectclass=*)' + +If it doesn't, add it. See {{SECT:A Quick-Start Guide}} for assistance. + +Note: if the entry being added is the same as database suffix, it's parent +isn't required. i.e.: if your suffix is "dc=domain,dc=com", "dc=com" doesn't +need to exist to add "dc=domain,dc=com". + +This error will also occur if you try to add any entry that the server is not +configured to hold. + +For example, if your database suffix is "dc=domain,dc=com" and you attempt to +add "dc=domain2,dc=com", "dc=com", "dc=domain,dc=org", "o=domain,c=us", or an +other DN in the "dc=domain,dc=com" subtree, the server will return a + "No such object" (or referral) error. + +{{slapd}}(8) will generally return "no global superior knowledge" as additional +information indicating its return noSuchObject instead of a referral as the +server is not configured with knowledge of a global superior server. + + +H3: ldap add: invalid structural object class chain + +This particular error refers to the rule about STRUCTURAL objectclasses, which +states that an object is of one STRUCTURAL class, the structural class of the +object. The object is said to belong to this class, zero or more auxiliaries + classes, and their super classes. + +While all of these classes are commonly listed in the objectClass attribute of +the entry, one of these classes is the structural object class of the entry. +Thus, it is OK for an objectClass attribute +to contain inetOrgPerson, organizationalPerson, and person because they inherit + one from another to form a single super class chain. That is, inetOrgPerson SUPs +organizationPerson SUPs person. On the other hand, it is invalid for both inetOrgPerson +and account to be listed in objectClass as inetOrgPerson and account are not +part of the same super class chain (unless some other class is also listed +with is a subclass of both). + +To resolve this problem, one must determine which class will better serve +structural object class for the entry, adding this class to the objectClass +attribute (if not already present), and remove any other structural class from +the entry's objectClass attribute which is not a super class of the structural +object class. + +Which object class is better depends on the particulars of the situation. +One generally should consult the documentation for the applications one is +using for help in making the determination. + +H3: ldap_add: no structuralObjectClass operational attribute + +ldapadd(1) may error: + +> adding new entry "uid=XXX,ou=People,o=campus,c=ru" +> ldap_add: Internal (implementation specific) error (80) +> additional info: no structuralObjectClass operational attribute + +when slapd(8) cannot determine, based upon the contents of the objectClass +attribute, what the structural class of the object should be. + + +H3: ldap_add/modify/rename: Naming violation + +OpenLDAP's slapd checks for naming attributes and distinguished values consistency, +according to RFC 4512. + +Naming attributes are those attributeTypes that appear in an entry's RDN; + distinguished values are the values of the naming attributes that appear in +an entry's RDN, e.g, in + +> cn=Someone+mail=someone@example.com,dc=example,dc=com + +the naming attributes are cn and mail, and the distinguished values are +Someone and someone@example.com. + +OpenLDAP's slapd checks for consistency when: + +* adding an entry +* modifying an entry, if the values of the naming attributes are changed +* renaming an entry, if the RDN of the entry changes + +Possible causes of error are: + +* the naming attributes are not present in the entry; for example: + +> dn: dc=example,dc=com +> objectClass: organization +> o: Example +> # note: "dc: example" is missing + +* the naming attributes are present in the entry, but in the attributeType +definition they are marked as: +- collective +- operational +- obsolete + +* the naming attributes are present in the entry, but the distinguished values +are not; for example: + +> dn: dc=example,dc=com +> objectClass: domain +> dc: foobar +> # note: "dc" is present, but the value is not "example" + +* the naming attributes are present in the entry, with the distinguished values, but the naming attributes: +- do not have an equality field, so equality cannot be asserted +- the matching rule is not supported (yet) +- the matching rule is not appropriate + +* the given distinguished values do not comply with their syntax + +* other errors occurred during the validation/normalization/match process; +this is a catchall: look at previous logs for details in case none of the above +apply to your case. + +In any case, make sure that the attributeType definition for the naming attributes +contains an appropriate EQUALITY field; or that of the superior, if they are +defined based on a superior attributeType (look at the SUP field). See RFC 4512 for details. + + +H3: ldap_add/delete/modify/rename: no global superior knowledge + +If the target entry name places is not within any of the databases the server +is configured to hold and the server has no knowledge of a global superior, +the server will indicate it is unwilling to perform the operation and provide +the text "no global superior knowledge" as additional text. + +Likely the entry name is incorrect, or the server is not properly configured +to hold the named entry, or, in distributed directory environments, a default +referral was not configured. + + +H3: ldap_bind: Insufficient access + +Current versions of slapd(8) requires that clients have authentication +permission to attribute types used for authentication purposes before accessing +them to perform the bind operation. As all bind operations are done anonymously +(regardless of previous bind success), the auth access must be granted to anonymous. + +In the example ACL below grants the following access: + +* to anonymous users: +- permission to authenticate using values of userPassword +* to authenticated users: +- permission to update (but not read) their userPassword +- permission to read any object excepting values of userPassword + +All other access is denied. + +> access to attr=userPassword +> by self =w +> by anonymous auth + +> access * +> by self write +> by users read + + +H3: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials + +The error usually occurs when the credentials (password) provided does not +match the userPassword held in entry you are binding to. + +The error can also occur when the bind DN specified is not known to the server. + +Check both! In addition to the cases mentioned above you should check if the +server denied access to userPassword on selected parts of the directory. In +fact, slapd always returns "Invalid credentials" in case of failed bind, +regardless of the failure reason, since other return codes could reveal the +validity of the user's name. + +To debug access rules defined in slapd.conf, add "ACL" to log level. + +H3: ldap_bind: Protocol error + +There error is generally occurs when the LDAP version requested by the +client is not supported by the server. + +The OpenLDAP Software 2.x server, by default, only accepts version 3 LDAP Bind +requests but can be configured to accept a version 2 LDAP Bind request. + +Note: The 2.x server expects LDAPv3 [RFC4510] to be used when the client +requests version 3 and expects a limited LDAPv3 variant (basically, LDAPv3 +syntax and semantics in an LDAPv2 PDUs) to be used when version 2 is expected. + +This variant is also sometimes referred to as LDAPv2+, but differs from the U-Mich +LDAP variant in a number of ways. + +H3: ldap_modify: cannot modify object class + +This message is commonly returned when attempting to modify the objectClass +attribute in a manner inconsistent with the LDAP/X.500 information model. In +particular, it commonly occurs when one tries to change the structure of the +object from one class to another, for instance, trying to change an 'apple' +into a 'pear' or a 'fruit' into a 'pear'. + +Such changes are disallowed by the slapd(8) in accordance with LDAP and X.500 restrictions. + + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: ... + +If you intended to bind using a DN and password and get an error from +ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s, you likely forgot to provide a '-x' option to +the command. By default, SASL authentication is used. '-x' is necessary to +select "simple" authentication. + + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: No such Object + +This indicates that LDAP SASL authentication function could not read the +Root DSE. +The error will occur when the server doesn't provide a root DSE. This may be +due to access controls. + + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: No such attribute + +This indicates that LDAP SASL authentication function could read the Root +DSE but it contained no supportedSASLMechanism attribute. + +The supportedSASLmechanism attribute lists mechanisms currently available. +The list may be empty because none of the supported mechanisms are currently +available. For example, EXTERNAL is listed only if the client has established +its identity by authenticating at a lower level (e.g. TLS). + +Note: the attribute may not be visible due to access controls + +Note: SASL bind is the default for all OpenLDAP tools, e.g. ldapsearch(1), ldapmodify(1). To force use of "simple" bind, use the "-x" option. Use of "simple" bind is not recommended unless one has adequate confidentiality protection in place (e.g. TLS/SSL, IPSEC). + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Unknown authentication method + +This indicates that none of the SASL authentication supported by the server +are supported by the client, or that they are too weak or otherwise inappropriate +for use by the client. Note that the default security options disallows the use +of certain mechanisms such as ANONYMOUS and PLAIN (without TLS). + +Note: SASL bind is the default for all OpenLDAP tools. To force use of "simple" bind, use the "-x" option. Use of "simple" bind is not recommended unless one has adequate confidentiality protection in place (e.g. TLS/SSL, IPSEC). + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Local error (82) + +Apparently not having forward and reverse DNS entries for the LDAP server can result in this error. + + +H3: ldap_search: Partial results and referral received + +This error is returned with the server responses to an LDAPv2 search query +with both results (zero or more matched entries) and references (referrals to other servers). +See also: ldapsearch(1). + +If the updatedn on the replica does not exist, a referral will be returned. +It may do this as well if the ACL needs tweaking. + +H3: ldap_start_tls: Operations error + +ldapsearch(1) and other tools will return + +> ldap_start_tls: Operations error (1) +> additional info: TLS already started + +When the user (though command line options and/or ldap.conf(5)) has requested +TLS (SSL) be started twice. For instance, when specifying both "-H ldaps://server.do.main" and "-ZZ". + +H2: Other Errors + +H3: ber_get_next on fd X failed errno=34 (Numerical result out of range) + +This slapd error generally indicates that the client sent a message that +exceeded an administrative limit. See sockbuf_max_incoming and sockbuf_max_incoming_auth +configuration directives in slapd.conf(5). + +H3: ber_get_next on fd X failed errno=11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) + +This message is not indicative of abnormal behavior or error. It simply means +that expected data is not yet available from the resource, in this context, a +network socket. slapd(8) will process the data once it does becomes available. + +H3: daemon: socket() failed errno=97 (Address family not supported) + +This message indicates that the operating system does not support one of the +(protocol) address families which slapd(8) was configured to support. Most +commonly, this occurs when slapd(8) was configured to support IPv6 yet the +operating system kernel wasn't. In such cases, the message can be ignored. + +H3: GSSAPI: gss_acquire_cred: Miscellaneous failure; Permission denied; + +This message means that slapd is not running as root and, thus, it cannot get +its Kerberos 5 key from the keytab, usually file /etc/krb5.keytab. + +A keytab file is used to store keys that are to be used by services or daemons +that are started at boot time. It is very important that these secrets are kept +beyond reach of intruders. + +That's why the default keytab file is owned by root and protected from being +read by others. Do not mess with these permissions, build a different keytab +file for slapd instead, and make sure it is owned by the user that slapd +runs as. + +To do this, start kadmin, and enter the following commands: + +> addprinc -randkey ldap/ldap.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM +> ktadd -k /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab ldap/ldap.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM + +Then, on the shell, do: + +> chown ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab +> chmod 600 /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab + +Now you have to tell slapd (well, actually tell the gssapi library in Kerberos 5 +that is invoked by Cyrus SASL) where to find the new keytab. You do this by +setting the environment variable KRB5_KTNAME like this: + +> export KRB5_KTNAME="FILE:/etc/openldap/ldap.keytab" + +Set that environment variable on the slapd start script (Red Hat users might +find /etc/sysconfig/ldap a perfect place). + +This only works if you are using MIT kerberos. It doesn't work with Heimdal, +for instance. + + +In Heimdal there is a function gsskrb5_register_acceptor_identity() that sets +the path of the keytab file you want to use. In Cyrus SASL 2 you can add + +> keytab: /path/to/file + +to your application's SASL config file to use this feature. This only works with Heimdal. + + +H3: access from unknown denied + +This related to TCP wrappers. See hosts_access(5) for more information. +in the log file: "access from unknown denied" This related to TCP wrappers. +See hosts_access(5) for more information. +for example: add the line "slapd: .hosts.you.want.to.allow" in /etc/hosts.allow +to get rid of the error. + +H3: ldap_read: want=# error=Resource temporarily unavailable + +This message occurs normally. It means that pending data is not yet available +from the resource, a network socket. slapd(8) will process the data once it +becomes available. + +H3: `make test' fails + +Some times, `make test' fails at the very first test with an obscure message like + +> make test +> make[1]: Entering directory `/ldap_files/openldap-2.4.6/tests' +> make[2]: Entering directory `/ldap_files/openldap-2.4.6/tests' +> Initiating LDAP tests for BDB... +> Cleaning up test run directory leftover from previous run. +> Running ./scripts/all... +> >>>>> Executing all LDAP tests for bdb +> >>>>> Starting test000-rootdse ... +> running defines.sh +> Starting slapd on TCP/IP port 9011... +> Using ldapsearch to retrieve the root DSE... +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> ./scripts/test000-rootdse: line 40: 10607 Segmentation fault $SLAPD -f $CONF1 -h $URI1 -d $LVL $TIMING >$LOG1 2>&1 +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... +> ./scripts/test000-rootdse: kill: (10607) - No such pid +> ldap_sasl_bind_s: Can't contact LDAP server (-1) +> >>>>> Test failed +> >>>>> ./scripts/test000-rootdse failed (exit 1) +> make[2]: *** [bdb-yes] Error 1 +> make[2]: Leaving directory `/ldap_files/openldap-2.4.6/tests' +> make[1]: *** [test] Error 2 +> make[1]: Leaving directory `/ldap_files/openldap-2.4.6/tests' +> make: *** [test] Error 2 + +or so. Usually, the five lines + + Waiting 5 seconds for slapd to start... + +indicate that slapd didn't start at all. + +In tests/testrun/slapd.1.log there is a full log of what slapd wrote while +trying to start. The log level can be increased by setting the environment +variable SLAPD_DEBUG to the corresponding value; see loglevel in slapd.conf(5) +for the meaning of log levels. + +A typical reason for this behavior is a runtime link problem, i.e. slapd cannot +find some dynamic libraries it was linked against. Try running ldd(1) on slapd +(for those architectures that support runtime linking). + +There might well be other reasons; the contents of the log file should help +clarifying them. + +Tests that fire up multiple instances of slapd typically log to tests/testrun/slapd.<n>.log, +with a distinct <n> for each instance of slapd; list tests/testrun/ for possible +values of <n>. + +H3: ldap_*: Internal (implementation specific) error (80) - additional info: entry index delete failed + +This seems to be related with wrong ownership of the BDB's dir (/var/lib/ldap) +and files. The files must be owned by the user that slapd runs as. + +> chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap + +fixes it in Debian + + +H3: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Can't contact LDAP server (-1) + +Using SASL, when a client contacts LDAP server, the slapd service dies +immediately and client gets an error : + +> SASL/GSSAPI authentication started ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Can't contact LDAP server (-1) + +Then check the slapd service, it stopped. + +This may come from incompatible of using different versions of BerkeleyDB for +installing of SASL and installing of OpenLDAP. The problem arises in case of +using multiple version of BerkeleyDB. Solution: - Check which version of +BerkeleyDB when install Cyrus SASL. + +Reinstall OpenLDAP with the version of BerkeleyDB above. + |