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diff --git a/ssh_config.0 b/ssh_config.0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae98748 --- /dev/null +++ b/ssh_config.0 @@ -0,0 +1,1194 @@ +SSH_CONFIG(5) File Formats Manual SSH_CONFIG(5) + +NAME + ssh_config M-bM-^@M-^S OpenSSH client configuration file + +DESCRIPTION + ssh(1) obtains configuration data from the following sources in the + following order: + + 1. command-line options + 2. user's configuration file (~/.ssh/config) + 3. system-wide configuration file (/etc/ssh/ssh_config) + + For each parameter, the first obtained value will be used. The + configuration files contain sections separated by Host specifications, + and that section is only applied for hosts that match one of the patterns + given in the specification. The matched host name is usually the one + given on the command line (see the CanonicalizeHostname option for + exceptions). + + Since the first obtained value for each parameter is used, more host- + specific declarations should be given near the beginning of the file, and + general defaults at the end. + + The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line. Lines starting + with M-bM-^@M-^X#M-bM-^@M-^Y and empty lines are interpreted as comments. Arguments may + optionally be enclosed in double quotes (") in order to represent + arguments containing spaces. Configuration options may be separated by + whitespace or optional whitespace and exactly one M-bM-^@M-^X=M-bM-^@M-^Y; the latter format + is useful to avoid the need to quote whitespace when specifying + configuration options using the ssh, scp, and sftp -o option. + + The possible keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that + keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive): + + Host Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host or + Match keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the + patterns given after the keyword. If more than one pattern is + provided, they should be separated by whitespace. A single M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y + as a pattern can be used to provide global defaults for all + hosts. The host is usually the hostname argument given on the + command line (see the CanonicalizeHostname keyword for + exceptions). + + A pattern entry may be negated by prefixing it with an + exclamation mark (M-bM-^@M-^X!M-bM-^@M-^Y). If a negated entry is matched, then the + Host entry is ignored, regardless of whether any other patterns + on the line match. Negated matches are therefore useful to + provide exceptions for wildcard matches. + + See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. + + Match Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host or + Match keyword) to be used only when the conditions following the + Match keyword are satisfied. Match conditions are specified + using one or more criteria or the single token all which always + matches. The available criteria keywords are: canonical, final, + exec, host, originalhost, user, and localuser. The all criteria + must appear alone or immediately after canonical or final. Other + criteria may be combined arbitrarily. All criteria but all, + canonical, and final require an argument. Criteria may be + negated by prepending an exclamation mark (M-bM-^@M-^X!M-bM-^@M-^Y). + + The canonical keyword matches only when the configuration file is + being re-parsed after hostname canonicalization (see the + CanonicalizeHostname option). This may be useful to specify + conditions that work with canonical host names only. + + The final keyword requests that the configuration be re-parsed + (regardless of whether CanonicalizeHostname is enabled), and + matches only during this final pass. If CanonicalizeHostname is + enabled, then canonical and final match during the same pass. + + The exec keyword executes the specified command under the user's + shell. If the command returns a zero exit status then the + condition is considered true. Commands containing whitespace + characters must be quoted. Arguments to exec accept the tokens + described in the TOKENS section. + + The other keywords' criteria must be single entries or comma- + separated lists and may use the wildcard and negation operators + described in the PATTERNS section. The criteria for the host + keyword are matched against the target hostname, after any + substitution by the Hostname or CanonicalizeHostname options. + The originalhost keyword matches against the hostname as it was + specified on the command-line. The user keyword matches against + the target username on the remote host. The localuser keyword + matches against the name of the local user running ssh(1) (this + keyword may be useful in system-wide ssh_config files). + + AddKeysToAgent + Specifies whether keys should be automatically added to a running + ssh-agent(1). If this option is set to yes and a key is loaded + from a file, the key and its passphrase are added to the agent + with the default lifetime, as if by ssh-add(1). If this option + is set to ask, ssh(1) will require confirmation using the + SSH_ASKPASS program before adding a key (see ssh-add(1) for + details). If this option is set to confirm, each use of the key + must be confirmed, as if the -c option was specified to + ssh-add(1). If this option is set to no, no keys are added to + the agent. Alternately, this option may be specified as a time + interval using the format described in the TIME FORMATS section + of sshd_config(5) to specify the key's lifetime in ssh-agent(1), + after which it will automatically be removed. The argument must + be no (the default), yes, confirm (optionally followed by a time + interval), ask or a time interval. + + AddressFamily + Specifies which address family to use when connecting. Valid + arguments are any (the default), inet (use IPv4 only), or inet6 + (use IPv6 only). + + BatchMode + If set to yes, user interaction such as password prompts and host + key confirmation requests will be disabled. This option is + useful in scripts and other batch jobs where no user is present + to interact with ssh(1). The argument must be yes or no (the + default). + + BindAddress + Use the specified address on the local machine as the source + address of the connection. Only useful on systems with more than + one address. + + BindInterface + Use the address of the specified interface on the local machine + as the source address of the connection. + + CanonicalDomains + When CanonicalizeHostname is enabled, this option specifies the + list of domain suffixes in which to search for the specified + destination host. + + CanonicalizeFallbackLocal + Specifies whether to fail with an error when hostname + canonicalization fails. The default, yes, will attempt to look + up the unqualified hostname using the system resolver's search + rules. A value of no will cause ssh(1) to fail instantly if + CanonicalizeHostname is enabled and the target hostname cannot be + found in any of the domains specified by CanonicalDomains. + + CanonicalizeHostname + Controls whether explicit hostname canonicalization is performed. + The default, no, is not to perform any name rewriting and let the + system resolver handle all hostname lookups. If set to yes then, + for connections that do not use a ProxyCommand or ProxyJump, + ssh(1) will attempt to canonicalize the hostname specified on the + command line using the CanonicalDomains suffixes and + CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs rules. If CanonicalizeHostname is + set to always, then canonicalization is applied to proxied + connections too. + + If this option is enabled, then the configuration files are + processed again using the new target name to pick up any new + configuration in matching Host and Match stanzas. + + CanonicalizeMaxDots + Specifies the maximum number of dot characters in a hostname + before canonicalization is disabled. The default, 1, allows a + single dot (i.e. hostname.subdomain). + + CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs + Specifies rules to determine whether CNAMEs should be followed + when canonicalizing hostnames. The rules consist of one or more + arguments of source_domain_list:target_domain_list, where + source_domain_list is a pattern-list of domains that may follow + CNAMEs in canonicalization, and target_domain_list is a pattern- + list of domains that they may resolve to. + + For example, "*.a.example.com:*.b.example.com,*.c.example.com" + will allow hostnames matching "*.a.example.com" to be + canonicalized to names in the "*.b.example.com" or + "*.c.example.com" domains. + + CASignatureAlgorithms + Specifies which algorithms are allowed for signing of + certificates by certificate authorities (CAs). The default is: + + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521, + ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa + + ssh(1) will not accept host certificates signed using algorithms + other than those specified. + + CertificateFile + Specifies a file from which the user's certificate is read. A + corresponding private key must be provided separately in order to + use this certificate either from an IdentityFile directive or -i + flag to ssh(1), via ssh-agent(1), or via a PKCS11Provider or + SecurityKeyProvider. + + Arguments to CertificateFile may use the tilde syntax to refer to + a user's home directory, the tokens described in the TOKENS + section and environment variables as described in the ENVIRONMENT + VARIABLES section. + + It is possible to have multiple certificate files specified in + configuration files; these certificates will be tried in + sequence. Multiple CertificateFile directives will add to the + list of certificates used for authentication. + + ChallengeResponseAuthentication + Specifies whether to use challenge-response authentication. The + argument to this keyword must be yes (the default) or no. + + CheckHostIP + If set to yes (the default), ssh(1) will additionally check the + host IP address in the known_hosts file. This allows it to + detect if a host key changed due to DNS spoofing and will add + addresses of destination hosts to ~/.ssh/known_hosts in the + process, regardless of the setting of StrictHostKeyChecking. If + the option is set to no, the check will not be executed. + + Ciphers + Specifies the ciphers allowed and their order of preference. + Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated. If the specified list + begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified ciphers will be + appended to the default set instead of replacing them. If the + specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified + ciphers (including wildcards) will be removed from the default + set instead of replacing them. If the specified list begins with + a M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified ciphers will be placed at the + head of the default set. + + The supported ciphers are: + + 3des-cbc + aes128-cbc + aes192-cbc + aes256-cbc + aes128-ctr + aes192-ctr + aes256-ctr + aes128-gcm@openssh.com + aes256-gcm@openssh.com + chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com + + The default is: + + chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com, + aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr, + aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com + + The list of available ciphers may also be obtained using "ssh -Q + cipher". + + ClearAllForwardings + Specifies that all local, remote, and dynamic port forwardings + specified in the configuration files or on the command line be + cleared. This option is primarily useful when used from the + ssh(1) command line to clear port forwardings set in + configuration files, and is automatically set by scp(1) and + sftp(1). The argument must be yes or no (the default). + + Compression + Specifies whether to use compression. The argument must be yes + or no (the default). + + ConnectionAttempts + Specifies the number of tries (one per second) to make before + exiting. The argument must be an integer. This may be useful in + scripts if the connection sometimes fails. The default is 1. + + ConnectTimeout + Specifies the timeout (in seconds) used when connecting to the + SSH server, instead of using the default system TCP timeout. + This timeout is applied both to establishing the connection and + to performing the initial SSH protocol handshake and key + exchange. + + ControlMaster + Enables the sharing of multiple sessions over a single network + connection. When set to yes, ssh(1) will listen for connections + on a control socket specified using the ControlPath argument. + Additional sessions can connect to this socket using the same + ControlPath with ControlMaster set to no (the default). These + sessions will try to reuse the master instance's network + connection rather than initiating new ones, but will fall back to + connecting normally if the control socket does not exist, or is + not listening. + + Setting this to ask will cause ssh(1) to listen for control + connections, but require confirmation using ssh-askpass(1). If + the ControlPath cannot be opened, ssh(1) will continue without + connecting to a master instance. + + X11 and ssh-agent(1) forwarding is supported over these + multiplexed connections, however the display and agent forwarded + will be the one belonging to the master connection i.e. it is not + possible to forward multiple displays or agents. + + Two additional options allow for opportunistic multiplexing: try + to use a master connection but fall back to creating a new one if + one does not already exist. These options are: auto and autoask. + The latter requires confirmation like the ask option. + + ControlPath + Specify the path to the control socket used for connection + sharing as described in the ControlMaster section above or the + string none to disable connection sharing. Arguments to + ControlPath may use the tilde syntax to refer to a user's home + directory, the tokens described in the TOKENS section and + environment variables as described in the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + section. It is recommended that any ControlPath used for + opportunistic connection sharing include at least %h, %p, and %r + (or alternatively %C) and be placed in a directory that is not + writable by other users. This ensures that shared connections + are uniquely identified. + + ControlPersist + When used in conjunction with ControlMaster, specifies that the + master connection should remain open in the background (waiting + for future client connections) after the initial client + connection has been closed. If set to no (the default), then the + master connection will not be placed into the background, and + will close as soon as the initial client connection is closed. + If set to yes or 0, then the master connection will remain in the + background indefinitely (until killed or closed via a mechanism + such as the "ssh -O exit"). If set to a time in seconds, or a + time in any of the formats documented in sshd_config(5), then the + backgrounded master connection will automatically terminate after + it has remained idle (with no client connections) for the + specified time. + + DynamicForward + Specifies that a TCP port on the local machine be forwarded over + the secure channel, and the application protocol is then used to + determine where to connect to from the remote machine. + + The argument must be [bind_address:]port. IPv6 addresses can be + specified by enclosing addresses in square brackets. By default, + the local port is bound in accordance with the GatewayPorts + setting. However, an explicit bind_address may be used to bind + the connection to a specific address. The bind_address of + localhost indicates that the listening port be bound for local + use only, while an empty address or M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y indicates that the port + should be available from all interfaces. + + Currently the SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 protocols are supported, and + ssh(1) will act as a SOCKS server. Multiple forwardings may be + specified, and additional forwardings can be given on the command + line. Only the superuser can forward privileged ports. + + EnableSSHKeysign + Setting this option to yes in the global client configuration + file /etc/ssh/ssh_config enables the use of the helper program + ssh-keysign(8) during HostbasedAuthentication. The argument must + be yes or no (the default). This option should be placed in the + non-hostspecific section. See ssh-keysign(8) for more + information. + + EscapeChar + Sets the escape character (default: M-bM-^@M-^X~M-bM-^@M-^Y). The escape character + can also be set on the command line. The argument should be a + single character, M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y followed by a letter, or none to disable + the escape character entirely (making the connection transparent + for binary data). + + ExitOnForwardFailure + Specifies whether ssh(1) should terminate the connection if it + cannot set up all requested dynamic, tunnel, local, and remote + port forwardings, (e.g. if either end is unable to bind and + listen on a specified port). Note that ExitOnForwardFailure does + not apply to connections made over port forwardings and will not, + for example, cause ssh(1) to exit if TCP connections to the + ultimate forwarding destination fail. The argument must be yes + or no (the default). + + FingerprintHash + Specifies the hash algorithm used when displaying key + fingerprints. Valid options are: md5 and sha256 (the default). + + ForwardAgent + Specifies whether the connection to the authentication agent (if + any) will be forwarded to the remote machine. The argument may + be yes, no (the default), an explicit path to an agent socket or + the name of an environment variable (beginning with M-bM-^@M-^X$M-bM-^@M-^Y) in which + to find the path. + + Agent forwarding should be enabled with caution. Users with the + ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the + agent's Unix-domain socket) can access the local agent through + the forwarded connection. An attacker cannot obtain key material + from the agent, however they can perform operations on the keys + that enable them to authenticate using the identities loaded into + the agent. + + ForwardX11 + Specifies whether X11 connections will be automatically + redirected over the secure channel and DISPLAY set. The argument + must be yes or no (the default). + + X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution. Users with the + ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the + user's X11 authorization database) can access the local X11 + display through the forwarded connection. An attacker may then + be able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring if the + ForwardX11Trusted option is also enabled. + + ForwardX11Timeout + Specify a timeout for untrusted X11 forwarding using the format + described in the TIME FORMATS section of sshd_config(5). X11 + connections received by ssh(1) after this time will be refused. + Setting ForwardX11Timeout to zero will disable the timeout and + permit X11 forwarding for the life of the connection. The + default is to disable untrusted X11 forwarding after twenty + minutes has elapsed. + + ForwardX11Trusted + If this option is set to yes, remote X11 clients will have full + access to the original X11 display. + + If this option is set to no (the default), remote X11 clients + will be considered untrusted and prevented from stealing or + tampering with data belonging to trusted X11 clients. + Furthermore, the xauth(1) token used for the session will be set + to expire after 20 minutes. Remote clients will be refused + access after this time. + + See the X11 SECURITY extension specification for full details on + the restrictions imposed on untrusted clients. + + GatewayPorts + Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to local + forwarded ports. By default, ssh(1) binds local port forwardings + to the loopback address. This prevents other remote hosts from + connecting to forwarded ports. GatewayPorts can be used to + specify that ssh should bind local port forwardings to the + wildcard address, thus allowing remote hosts to connect to + forwarded ports. The argument must be yes or no (the default). + + GlobalKnownHostsFile + Specifies one or more files to use for the global host key + database, separated by whitespace. The default is + /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. + + GSSAPIAuthentication + Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed. + The default is no. + + GSSAPIDelegateCredentials + Forward (delegate) credentials to the server. The default is no. + + HashKnownHosts + Indicates that ssh(1) should hash host names and addresses when + they are added to ~/.ssh/known_hosts. These hashed names may be + used normally by ssh(1) and sshd(8), but they do not visually + reveal identifying information if the file's contents are + disclosed. The default is no. Note that existing names and + addresses in known hosts files will not be converted + automatically, but may be manually hashed using ssh-keygen(1). + + HostbasedAuthentication + Specifies whether to try rhosts based authentication with public + key authentication. The argument must be yes or no (the + default). + + HostbasedKeyTypes + Specifies the key types that will be used for hostbased + authentication as a comma-separated list of patterns. + Alternately if the specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, + then the specified key types will be appended to the default set + instead of replacing them. If the specified list begins with a + M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified key types (including wildcards) + will be removed from the default set instead of replacing them. + If the specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the + specified key types will be placed at the head of the default + set. The default for this option is: + + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa + + The -Q option of ssh(1) may be used to list supported key types. + + HostKeyAlgorithms + Specifies the host key algorithms that the client wants to use in + order of preference. Alternately if the specified list begins + with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified key types will be + appended to the default set instead of replacing them. If the + specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified + key types (including wildcards) will be removed from the default + set instead of replacing them. If the specified list begins with + a M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified key types will be placed at + the head of the default set. The default for this option is: + + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa + + If hostkeys are known for the destination host then this default + is modified to prefer their algorithms. + + The list of available key types may also be obtained using "ssh + -Q HostKeyAlgorithms". + + HostKeyAlias + Specifies an alias that should be used instead of the real host + name when looking up or saving the host key in the host key + database files and when validating host certificates. This + option is useful for tunneling SSH connections or for multiple + servers running on a single host. + + Hostname + Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to + specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts. Arguments to + Hostname accept the tokens described in the TOKENS section. + Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line + and in Hostname specifications). The default is the name given + on the command line. + + IdentitiesOnly + Specifies that ssh(1) should only use the configured + authentication identity and certificate files (either the default + files, or those explicitly configured in the ssh_config files or + passed on the ssh(1) command-line), even if ssh-agent(1) or a + PKCS11Provider or SecurityKeyProvider offers more identities. + The argument to this keyword must be yes or no (the default). + This option is intended for situations where ssh-agent offers + many different identities. + + IdentityAgent + Specifies the UNIX-domain socket used to communicate with the + authentication agent. + + This option overrides the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable and + can be used to select a specific agent. Setting the socket name + to none disables the use of an authentication agent. If the + string "SSH_AUTH_SOCK" is specified, the location of the socket + will be read from the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable. + Otherwise if the specified value begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X$M-bM-^@M-^Y character, + then it will be treated as an environment variable containing the + location of the socket. + + Arguments to IdentityAgent may use the tilde syntax to refer to a + user's home directory, the tokens described in the TOKENS section + and environment variables as described in the ENVIRONMENT + VARIABLES section. + + IdentityFile + Specifies a file from which the user's DSA, ECDSA, authenticator- + hosted ECDSA, Ed25519, authenticator-hosted Ed25519 or RSA + authentication identity is read. The default is ~/.ssh/id_dsa, + ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, + ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk and ~/.ssh/id_rsa. Additionally, any + identities represented by the authentication agent will be used + for authentication unless IdentitiesOnly is set. If no + certificates have been explicitly specified by CertificateFile, + ssh(1) will try to load certificate information from the filename + obtained by appending -cert.pub to the path of a specified + IdentityFile. + + Arguments to IdentityFile may use the tilde syntax to refer to a + user's home directory or the tokens described in the TOKENS + section. + + It is possible to have multiple identity files specified in + configuration files; all these identities will be tried in + sequence. Multiple IdentityFile directives will add to the list + of identities tried (this behaviour differs from that of other + configuration directives). + + IdentityFile may be used in conjunction with IdentitiesOnly to + select which identities in an agent are offered during + authentication. IdentityFile may also be used in conjunction + with CertificateFile in order to provide any certificate also + needed for authentication with the identity. + + IgnoreUnknown + Specifies a pattern-list of unknown options to be ignored if they + are encountered in configuration parsing. This may be used to + suppress errors if ssh_config contains options that are + unrecognised by ssh(1). It is recommended that IgnoreUnknown be + listed early in the configuration file as it will not be applied + to unknown options that appear before it. + + Include + Include the specified configuration file(s). Multiple pathnames + may be specified and each pathname may contain glob(7) wildcards + and, for user configurations, shell-like M-bM-^@M-^X~M-bM-^@M-^Y references to user + home directories. Wildcards will be expanded and processed in + lexical order. Files without absolute paths are assumed to be in + ~/.ssh if included in a user configuration file or /etc/ssh if + included from the system configuration file. Include directive + may appear inside a Match or Host block to perform conditional + inclusion. + + IPQoS Specifies the IPv4 type-of-service or DSCP class for connections. + Accepted values are af11, af12, af13, af21, af22, af23, af31, + af32, af33, af41, af42, af43, cs0, cs1, cs2, cs3, cs4, cs5, cs6, + cs7, ef, le, lowdelay, throughput, reliability, a numeric value, + or none to use the operating system default. This option may + take one or two arguments, separated by whitespace. If one + argument is specified, it is used as the packet class + unconditionally. If two values are specified, the first is + automatically selected for interactive sessions and the second + for non-interactive sessions. The default is af21 (Low-Latency + Data) for interactive sessions and cs1 (Lower Effort) for non- + interactive sessions. + + KbdInteractiveAuthentication + Specifies whether to use keyboard-interactive authentication. + The argument to this keyword must be yes (the default) or no. + + KbdInteractiveDevices + Specifies the list of methods to use in keyboard-interactive + authentication. Multiple method names must be comma-separated. + The default is to use the server specified list. The methods + available vary depending on what the server supports. For an + OpenSSH server, it may be zero or more of: bsdauth and pam. + + KexAlgorithms + Specifies the available KEX (Key Exchange) algorithms. Multiple + algorithms must be comma-separated. If the specified list begins + with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified methods will be appended + to the default set instead of replacing them. If the specified + list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified methods + (including wildcards) will be removed from the default set + instead of replacing them. If the specified list begins with a + M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified methods will be placed at the + head of the default set. The default is: + + curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org, + ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521, + diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256, + diffie-hellman-group16-sha512, + diffie-hellman-group18-sha512, + diffie-hellman-group14-sha256 + + The list of available key exchange algorithms may also be + obtained using "ssh -Q kex". + + LocalCommand + Specifies a command to execute on the local machine after + successfully connecting to the server. The command string + extends to the end of the line, and is executed with the user's + shell. Arguments to LocalCommand accept the tokens described in + the TOKENS section. + + The command is run synchronously and does not have access to the + session of the ssh(1) that spawned it. It should not be used for + interactive commands. + + This directive is ignored unless PermitLocalCommand has been + enabled. + + LocalForward + Specifies that a TCP port on the local machine be forwarded over + the secure channel to the specified host and port from the remote + machine. The first argument specifies the listener and may be + [bind_address:]port or a Unix domain socket path. The second + argument is the destination and may be host:hostport or a Unix + domain socket path if the remote host supports it. + + IPv6 addresses can be specified by enclosing addresses in square + brackets. Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional + forwardings can be given on the command line. Only the superuser + can forward privileged ports. By default, the local port is + bound in accordance with the GatewayPorts setting. However, an + explicit bind_address may be used to bind the connection to a + specific address. The bind_address of localhost indicates that + the listening port be bound for local use only, while an empty + address or M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y indicates that the port should be available from + all interfaces. Unix domain socket paths may use the tokens + described in the TOKENS section and environment variables as + described in the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section. + + LogLevel + Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from + ssh(1). The possible values are: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, + VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2, and DEBUG3. The default is INFO. + DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent. DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify + higher levels of verbose output. + + MACs Specifies the MAC (message authentication code) algorithms in + order of preference. The MAC algorithm is used for data + integrity protection. Multiple algorithms must be comma- + separated. If the specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, + then the specified algorithms will be appended to the default set + instead of replacing them. If the specified list begins with a + M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified algorithms (including + wildcards) will be removed from the default set instead of + replacing them. If the specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y + character, then the specified algorithms will be placed at the + head of the default set. + + The algorithms that contain "-etm" calculate the MAC after + encryption (encrypt-then-mac). These are considered safer and + their use recommended. + + The default is: + + umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com, + hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com, + hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com, + umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com, + hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 + + The list of available MAC algorithms may also be obtained using + "ssh -Q mac". + + NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost + Disable host authentication for localhost (loopback addresses). + The argument to this keyword must be yes or no (the default). + + NumberOfPasswordPrompts + Specifies the number of password prompts before giving up. The + argument to this keyword must be an integer. The default is 3. + + PasswordAuthentication + Specifies whether to use password authentication. The argument + to this keyword must be yes (the default) or no. + + PermitLocalCommand + Allow local command execution via the LocalCommand option or + using the !command escape sequence in ssh(1). The argument must + be yes or no (the default). + + PKCS11Provider + Specifies which PKCS#11 provider to use or none to indicate that + no provider should be used (the default). The argument to this + keyword is a path to the PKCS#11 shared library ssh(1) should use + to communicate with a PKCS#11 token providing keys for user + authentication. + + Port Specifies the port number to connect on the remote host. The + default is 22. + + PreferredAuthentications + Specifies the order in which the client should try authentication + methods. This allows a client to prefer one method (e.g. + keyboard-interactive) over another method (e.g. password). The + default is: + + gssapi-with-mic,hostbased,publickey, + keyboard-interactive,password + + ProxyCommand + Specifies the command to use to connect to the server. The + command string extends to the end of the line, and is executed + using the user's shell M-bM-^@M-^XexecM-bM-^@M-^Y directive to avoid a lingering + shell process. + + Arguments to ProxyCommand accept the tokens described in the + TOKENS section. The command can be basically anything, and + should read from its standard input and write to its standard + output. It should eventually connect an sshd(8) server running + on some machine, or execute sshd -i somewhere. Host key + management will be done using the Hostname of the host being + connected (defaulting to the name typed by the user). Setting + the command to none disables this option entirely. Note that + CheckHostIP is not available for connects with a proxy command. + + This directive is useful in conjunction with nc(1) and its proxy + support. For example, the following directive would connect via + an HTTP proxy at 192.0.2.0: + + ProxyCommand /usr/bin/nc -X connect -x 192.0.2.0:8080 %h %p + + ProxyJump + Specifies one or more jump proxies as either [user@]host[:port] + or an ssh URI. Multiple proxies may be separated by comma + characters and will be visited sequentially. Setting this option + will cause ssh(1) to connect to the target host by first making a + ssh(1) connection to the specified ProxyJump host and then + establishing a TCP forwarding to the ultimate target from there. + + Note that this option will compete with the ProxyCommand option - + whichever is specified first will prevent later instances of the + other from taking effect. + + Note also that the configuration for the destination host (either + supplied via the command-line or the configuration file) is not + generally applied to jump hosts. ~/.ssh/config should be used if + specific configuration is required for jump hosts. + + ProxyUseFdpass + Specifies that ProxyCommand will pass a connected file descriptor + back to ssh(1) instead of continuing to execute and pass data. + The default is no. + + PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes + Specifies the key types that will be used for public key + authentication as a comma-separated list of patterns. If the + specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X+M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the key types + after it will be appended to the default instead of replacing it. + If the specified list begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the + specified key types (including wildcards) will be removed from + the default set instead of replacing them. If the specified list + begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X^M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then the specified key types will be + placed at the head of the default set. The default for this + option is: + + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com, + ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521, + sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com, + ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com, + rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa + + The list of available key types may also be obtained using "ssh + -Q PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes". + + PubkeyAuthentication + Specifies whether to try public key authentication. The argument + to this keyword must be yes (the default) or no. + + RekeyLimit + Specifies the maximum amount of data that may be transmitted + before the session key is renegotiated, optionally followed a + maximum amount of time that may pass before the session key is + renegotiated. The first argument is specified in bytes and may + have a suffix of M-bM-^@M-^XKM-bM-^@M-^Y, M-bM-^@M-^XMM-bM-^@M-^Y, or M-bM-^@M-^XGM-bM-^@M-^Y to indicate Kilobytes, + Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively. The default is between + M-bM-^@M-^X1GM-bM-^@M-^Y and M-bM-^@M-^X4GM-bM-^@M-^Y, depending on the cipher. The optional second + value is specified in seconds and may use any of the units + documented in the TIME FORMATS section of sshd_config(5). The + default value for RekeyLimit is default none, which means that + rekeying is performed after the cipher's default amount of data + has been sent or received and no time based rekeying is done. + + RemoteCommand + Specifies a command to execute on the remote machine after + successfully connecting to the server. The command string + extends to the end of the line, and is executed with the user's + shell. Arguments to RemoteCommand accept the tokens described in + the TOKENS section. + + RemoteForward + Specifies that a TCP port on the remote machine be forwarded over + the secure channel. The remote port may either be forwarded to a + specified host and port from the local machine, or may act as a + SOCKS 4/5 proxy that allows a remote client to connect to + arbitrary destinations from the local machine. The first + argument is the listening specification and may be + [bind_address:]port or, if the remote host supports it, a Unix + domain socket path. If forwarding to a specific destination then + the second argument must be host:hostport or a Unix domain socket + path, otherwise if no destination argument is specified then the + remote forwarding will be established as a SOCKS proxy. + + IPv6 addresses can be specified by enclosing addresses in square + brackets. Multiple forwardings may be specified, and additional + forwardings can be given on the command line. Privileged ports + can be forwarded only when logging in as root on the remote + machine. Unix domain socket paths may use the tokens described + in the TOKENS section and environment variables as described in + the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section. + + If the port argument is 0, the listen port will be dynamically + allocated on the server and reported to the client at run time. + + If the bind_address is not specified, the default is to only bind + to loopback addresses. If the bind_address is M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y or an empty + string, then the forwarding is requested to listen on all + interfaces. Specifying a remote bind_address will only succeed + if the server's GatewayPorts option is enabled (see + sshd_config(5)). + + RequestTTY + Specifies whether to request a pseudo-tty for the session. The + argument may be one of: no (never request a TTY), yes (always + request a TTY when standard input is a TTY), force (always + request a TTY) or auto (request a TTY when opening a login + session). This option mirrors the -t and -T flags for ssh(1). + + RevokedHostKeys + Specifies revoked host public keys. Keys listed in this file + will be refused for host authentication. Note that if this file + does not exist or is not readable, then host authentication will + be refused for all hosts. Keys may be specified as a text file, + listing one public key per line, or as an OpenSSH Key Revocation + List (KRL) as generated by ssh-keygen(1). For more information + on KRLs, see the KEY REVOCATION LISTS section in ssh-keygen(1). + + SecurityKeyProvider + Specifies a path to a library that will be used when loading any + FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using + the built-in USB HID support. + + If the specified value begins with a M-bM-^@M-^X$M-bM-^@M-^Y character, then it will + be treated as an environment variable containing the path to the + library. + + SendEnv + Specifies what variables from the local environ(7) should be sent + to the server. The server must also support it, and the server + must be configured to accept these environment variables. Note + that the TERM environment variable is always sent whenever a + pseudo-terminal is requested as it is required by the protocol. + Refer to AcceptEnv in sshd_config(5) for how to configure the + server. Variables are specified by name, which may contain + wildcard characters. Multiple environment variables may be + separated by whitespace or spread across multiple SendEnv + directives. + + See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. + + It is possible to clear previously set SendEnv variable names by + prefixing patterns with -. The default is not to send any + environment variables. + + ServerAliveCountMax + Sets the number of server alive messages (see below) which may be + sent without ssh(1) receiving any messages back from the server. + If this threshold is reached while server alive messages are + being sent, ssh will disconnect from the server, terminating the + session. It is important to note that the use of server alive + messages is very different from TCPKeepAlive (below). The server + alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel and + therefore will not be spoofable. The TCP keepalive option + enabled by TCPKeepAlive is spoofable. The server alive mechanism + is valuable when the client or server depend on knowing when a + connection has become unresponsive. + + The default value is 3. If, for example, ServerAliveInterval + (see below) is set to 15 and ServerAliveCountMax is left at the + default, if the server becomes unresponsive, ssh will disconnect + after approximately 45 seconds. + + ServerAliveInterval + Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has + been received from the server, ssh(1) will send a message through + the encrypted channel to request a response from the server. The + default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to + the server. + + SetEnv Directly specify one or more environment variables and their + contents to be sent to the server. Similarly to SendEnv, the + server must be prepared to accept the environment variable. + + StreamLocalBindMask + Sets the octal file creation mode mask (umask) used when creating + a Unix-domain socket file for local or remote port forwarding. + This option is only used for port forwarding to a Unix-domain + socket file. + + The default value is 0177, which creates a Unix-domain socket + file that is readable and writable only by the owner. Note that + not all operating systems honor the file mode on Unix-domain + socket files. + + StreamLocalBindUnlink + Specifies whether to remove an existing Unix-domain socket file + for local or remote port forwarding before creating a new one. + If the socket file already exists and StreamLocalBindUnlink is + not enabled, ssh will be unable to forward the port to the Unix- + domain socket file. This option is only used for port forwarding + to a Unix-domain socket file. + + The argument must be yes or no (the default). + + StrictHostKeyChecking + If this flag is set to yes, ssh(1) will never automatically add + host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect + to hosts whose host key has changed. This provides maximum + protection against man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, though it + can be annoying when the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file is poorly + maintained or when connections to new hosts are frequently made. + This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts. + + If this flag is set to M-bM-^@M-^\accept-newM-bM-^@M-^] then ssh will automatically + add new host keys to the user known hosts files, but will not + permit connections to hosts with changed host keys. If this flag + is set to M-bM-^@M-^\noM-bM-^@M-^] or M-bM-^@M-^\offM-bM-^@M-^], ssh will automatically add new host keys + to the user known hosts files and allow connections to hosts with + changed hostkeys to proceed, subject to some restrictions. If + this flag is set to ask (the default), new host keys will be + added to the user known host files only after the user has + confirmed that is what they really want to do, and ssh will + refuse to connect to hosts whose host key has changed. The host + keys of known hosts will be verified automatically in all cases. + + SyslogFacility + Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from + ssh(1). The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, + LOCAL1, LOCAL2, LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. The + default is USER. + + TCPKeepAlive + Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages + to the other side. If they are sent, death of the connection or + crash of one of the machines will be properly noticed. However, + this means that connections will die if the route is down + temporarily, and some people find it annoying. + + The default is yes (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the + client will notice if the network goes down or the remote host + dies. This is important in scripts, and many users want it too. + + To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to no. + See also ServerAliveInterval for protocol-level keepalives. + + Tunnel Request tun(4) device forwarding between the client and the + server. The argument must be yes, point-to-point (layer 3), + ethernet (layer 2), or no (the default). Specifying yes requests + the default tunnel mode, which is point-to-point. + + TunnelDevice + Specifies the tun(4) devices to open on the client (local_tun) + and the server (remote_tun). + + The argument must be local_tun[:remote_tun]. The devices may be + specified by numerical ID or the keyword any, which uses the next + available tunnel device. If remote_tun is not specified, it + defaults to any. The default is any:any. + + UpdateHostKeys + Specifies whether ssh(1) should accept notifications of + additional hostkeys from the server sent after authentication has + completed and add them to UserKnownHostsFile. The argument must + be yes, no or ask. This option allows learning alternate + hostkeys for a server and supports graceful key rotation by + allowing a server to send replacement public keys before old ones + are removed. Additional hostkeys are only accepted if the key + used to authenticate the host was already trusted or explicitly + accepted by the user. + + UpdateHostKeys is enabled by default if the user has not + overridden the default UserKnownHostsFile setting, otherwise + UpdateHostKeys will be set to ask. + + If UpdateHostKeys is set to ask, then the user is asked to + confirm the modifications to the known_hosts file. Confirmation + is currently incompatible with ControlPersist, and will be + disabled if it is enabled. + + Presently, only sshd(8) from OpenSSH 6.8 and greater support the + "hostkeys@openssh.com" protocol extension used to inform the + client of all the server's hostkeys. + + User Specifies the user to log in as. This can be useful when a + different user name is used on different machines. This saves + the trouble of having to remember to give the user name on the + command line. + + UserKnownHostsFile + Specifies one or more files to use for the user host key + database, separated by whitespace. Each filename may use tilde + notation to refer to the user's home directory, the tokens + described in the TOKENS section and environment variables as + described in the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section. The default is + ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2. + + VerifyHostKeyDNS + Specifies whether to verify the remote key using DNS and SSHFP + resource records. If this option is set to yes, the client will + implicitly trust keys that match a secure fingerprint from DNS. + Insecure fingerprints will be handled as if this option was set + to ask. If this option is set to ask, information on fingerprint + match will be displayed, but the user will still need to confirm + new host keys according to the StrictHostKeyChecking option. The + default is no. + + See also VERIFYING HOST KEYS in ssh(1). + + VisualHostKey + If this flag is set to yes, an ASCII art representation of the + remote host key fingerprint is printed in addition to the + fingerprint string at login and for unknown host keys. If this + flag is set to no (the default), no fingerprint strings are + printed at login and only the fingerprint string will be printed + for unknown host keys. + + XAuthLocation + Specifies the full pathname of the xauth(1) program. The default + is /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth. + +PATTERNS + A pattern consists of zero or more non-whitespace characters, M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y (a + wildcard that matches zero or more characters), or M-bM-^@M-^X?M-bM-^@M-^Y (a wildcard that + matches exactly one character). For example, to specify a set of + declarations for any host in the ".co.uk" set of domains, the following + pattern could be used: + + Host *.co.uk + + The following pattern would match any host in the 192.168.0.[0-9] network + range: + + Host 192.168.0.? + + A pattern-list is a comma-separated list of patterns. Patterns within + pattern-lists may be negated by preceding them with an exclamation mark + (M-bM-^@M-^X!M-bM-^@M-^Y). For example, to allow a key to be used from anywhere within an + organization except from the "dialup" pool, the following entry (in + authorized_keys) could be used: + + from="!*.dialup.example.com,*.example.com" + + Note that a negated match will never produce a positive result by itself. + For example, attempting to match "host3" against the following pattern- + list will fail: + + from="!host1,!host2" + + The solution here is to include a term that will yield a positive match, + such as a wildcard: + + from="!host1,!host2,*" + +TOKENS + Arguments to some keywords can make use of tokens, which are expanded at + runtime: + + %% A literal M-bM-^@M-^X%M-bM-^@M-^Y. + %C Hash of %l%h%p%r. + %d Local user's home directory. + %h The remote hostname. + %i The local user ID. + %k The host key alias if specified, otherwise the orignal remote + hostname given on the command line. + %L The local hostname. + %l The local hostname, including the domain name. + %n The original remote hostname, as given on the command line. + %p The remote port. + %r The remote username. + %T The local tun(4) or tap(4) network interface assigned if + tunnel forwarding was requested, or "NONE" otherwise. + %u The local username. + + CertificateFile, ControlPath, IdentityAgent, IdentityFile, LocalForward, + Match exec, RemoteCommand, RemoteForward, and UserKnownHostsFile accept + the tokens %%, %C, %d, %h, %i, %L, %l, %n, %p, %r, and %u. + + Hostname accepts the tokens %% and %h. + + LocalCommand accepts all tokens. + + ProxyCommand accepts the tokens %%, %h, %n, %p, and %r. + +ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + Arguments to some keywords can be expanded at runtime from environment + variables on the client by enclosing them in ${}, for example + ${HOME}/.ssh would refer to the user's .ssh directory. If a specified + environment variable does not exist then an error will be returned and + the setting for that keyword will be ignored. + + The keywords CertificateFile, ControlPath, IdentityAgent, IdentityFile + and UserKnownHostsFile support environment variables. The keywords + LocalForward and RemoteForward support environment variables only for + Unix domain socket paths. + +FILES + ~/.ssh/config + This is the per-user configuration file. The format of this file + is described above. This file is used by the SSH client. + Because of the potential for abuse, this file must have strict + permissions: read/write for the user, and not writable by others. + + /etc/ssh/ssh_config + Systemwide configuration file. This file provides defaults for + those values that are not specified in the user's configuration + file, and for those users who do not have a configuration file. + This file must be world-readable. + +SEE ALSO + ssh(1) + +AUTHORS + OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by + Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo + de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and + created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol + versions 1.5 and 2.0. + +OpenBSD 6.8 August 11, 2020 OpenBSD 6.8 |