From: Robie Basak <robie.basak@ubuntu.com>
Subject: pam_limits: cap the default soft nofile limit read from pid 1 to FD_SETSIZE

Cap the default soft nofile limit read from pid 1 to FD_SETSIZE since
larger values can cause problems with fd_set overflow and systemd sets
itself higher.

See:
https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2010-September/031446.html
http://www.outflux.net/blog/archives/2014/06/13/5-year-old-glibc-select-weakness-fixed/
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10352
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/4096d6f5879aef73e20dd7b62a01f447629945b0

pam_limits reads the default limits from /proc/1/limits. Previously,
using upstart, this resulted in a 1024 nofile soft limit on Ubuntu
systems by default. Using systemd, this results in a limit of 65536
instead. This is not the intention of systemd upstream. See systemd
commit 4096d6f for an explanation of systemd's behaviour.

If we want to make such a change to the default distribution soft limit
in PAM, we should do it deliberately and carefully, not accidentally. A
change should consider what uses select(2) and might inadvertently (and
incorrectly) assume that file descriptors will always fit into an
fd_set, what vulnerabilities or crashes the change could consequently
create, and whether the protection now present with FORTIFY_SOURCE is
suitably enabled in all relevant builds.

So this keeps the soft limit at 1024 for now. The hard limit will rise
to 65536 along with systemd. Anything that knows that it will not be
buggy with respect to fd_set and FD_SETSIZE, such as by using poll(2) or
epoll(7) instead of select(2), can always raise the soft limit itself
without issue.

20:54 <rbasak> slangasek: [...] I'm also not sure how to go about
upstreaming this as pam_limits seems to be heavily patched already.

Forwarded: no
Reviewed-by: Adam Conrad <adconrad@ubuntu.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Pitt <martin.pitt@ubuntu.com>
Last-Update: 2015-04-22

Index: pam/modules/pam_limits/pam_limits.c
===================================================================
--- pam.orig/modules/pam_limits/pam_limits.c
+++ pam/modules/pam_limits/pam_limits.c
@@ -451,6 +451,14 @@
         pl->limits[i].src_hard = LIMITS_DEF_KERNEL;
     }
     fclose(limitsfile);
+
+    /* Cap the default soft nofile limit read from pid 1 to FD_SETSIZE
+     * since larger values can cause problems with fd_set overflow and
+     * systemd sets itself higher. */
+    if (pl->limits[RLIMIT_NOFILE].src_soft == LIMITS_DEF_KERNEL &&
+        pl->limits[RLIMIT_NOFILE].limit.rlim_cur > FD_SETSIZE) {
+      pl->limits[RLIMIT_NOFILE].limit.rlim_cur = FD_SETSIZE;
+    }
 }
 
 static int init_limits(pam_handle_t *pamh, struct pam_limit_s *pl, int ctrl)