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diff --git a/doc/readline.info b/doc/readline.info new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93d54dc --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/readline.info @@ -0,0 +1,5197 @@ +This is readline.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from rlman.texi. + +This manual describes the GNU Readline Library (version 8.1, 29 October +2020), a library which aids in the consistency of user interface across +discrete programs which provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and + no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the + section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Readline: (readline). The GNU readline library API. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + +File: readline.info, Node: Top, Next: Command Line Editing, Up: (dir) + +GNU Readline Library +******************** + +This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids +in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs which +provide a command line interface. The Readline home page is +<http://www.gnu.org/software/readline/>. + +* Menu: + +* Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. +* Programming with GNU Readline:: GNU Readline Programmer's Manual. +* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. +* Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions + and variables. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Programming with GNU Readline, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +1 Command Line Editing +********************** + +This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line +editing interface. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. +* Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +* Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +* Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +* Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +1.1 Introduction to Line Editing +================================ + +The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + + The text 'C-k' is read as 'Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed. + + The text 'M-k' is read as 'Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k> +key is pressed. The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on many keyboards. On +keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the +space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a +Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be configured to work as +a Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a +Compose key for typing accented characters. + + If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a +Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <ESC> +_first_, and then typing <k>. Either process is known as "metafying" +the <k> key. + + The text 'M-C-k' is read as 'Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by "metafying" 'C-k'. + + In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, <DEL>, +<ESC>, <LFD>, <SPC>, <RET>, and <TAB> all stand for themselves when seen +in this text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::). If your +keyboard lacks a <LFD> key, typing <C-j> will produce the desired +character. The <RET> key may be labeled <Return> or <Enter> on some +keyboards. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing + +1.2 Readline Interaction +======================== + +Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press <RET>. You do not have to be at the end of +the line to press <RET>; the entire line is accepted regardless of the +location of the cursor within the line. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. +* Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. +* Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +* Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +* Searching:: Searching through previous lines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials +------------------------------ + +In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed +character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one +space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your erase +character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + + Sometimes you may mistype a character, and not notice the error until +you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can type +'C-b' to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your mistake. +Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with 'C-f'. + + When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that +characters to the right of the cursor are 'pushed over' to make room for +the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind +the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are 'pulled back' to +fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of +the bare essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. + +'C-b' + Move back one character. +'C-f' + Move forward one character. +<DEL> or <Backspace> + Delete the character to the left of the cursor. +'C-d' + Delete the character underneath the cursor. +Printing characters + Insert the character into the line at the cursor. +'C-_' or 'C-x C-u' + Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an + empty line. + +(Depending on your configuration, the <Backspace> key be set to delete +the character to the left of the cursor and the <DEL> key set to delete +the character underneath the cursor, like 'C-d', rather than the +character to the left of the cursor.) + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction + +1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands +-------------------------------- + +The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need in +order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many other +commands have been added in addition to 'C-b', 'C-f', 'C-d', and <DEL>. +Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. + +'C-a' + Move to the start of the line. +'C-e' + Move to the end of the line. +'M-f' + Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and + digits. +'M-b' + Move backward a word. +'C-l' + Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. + + Notice how 'C-f' moves forward a character, while 'M-f' moves forward +a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes operate on +characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands +------------------------------- + +"Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save it +away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into the +line. ('Cut' and 'paste' are more recent jargon for 'kill' and 'yank'.) + + If the description for a command says that it 'kills' text, then you +can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) +place later. + + When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". Any +number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line +specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is +available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. + + Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +'C-k' + Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the + line. + +'M-d' + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as those used by 'M-f'. + +'M-<DEL>' + Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between + words, to the start of the previous word. Word boundaries are the + same as those used by 'M-b'. + +'C-w' + Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different + than 'M-<DEL>' because the word boundaries differ. + + Here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to +copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +'C-y' + Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the + cursor. + +'M-y' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is 'C-y' or 'M-y'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Next: Searching, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +1.2.4 Readline Arguments +------------------------ + +You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type 'M-- C-k'. + + The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type +meta digits before the command. If the first 'digit' typed is a minus +sign ('-'), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you +have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the +remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give the +'C-d' command an argument of 10, you could type 'M-1 0 C-d', which will +delete the next ten characters on the input line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Searching, Prev: Readline Arguments, Up: Readline Interaction + +1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History +------------------------------------------- + +Readline provides commands for searching through the command history for +lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: +"incremental" and "non-incremental". + + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. As each character of the search string is typed, +Readline displays the next entry from the history matching the string +typed so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as +needed to find the desired history entry. To search backward in the +history for a particular string, type 'C-r'. Typing 'C-s' searches +forward through the history. The characters present in the value of the +'isearch-terminators' variable are used to terminate an incremental +search. If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <ESC> and +'C-J' characters will terminate an incremental search. 'C-g' will abort +an incremental search and restore the original line. When the search is +terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the +current line. + + To find other matching entries in the history list, type 'C-r' or +'C-s' as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the +history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. Any +other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate the search +and execute that command. For instance, a <RET> will terminate the +search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the +history list. A movement command will terminate the search, make the +last line found the current line, and begin editing. + + Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two 'C-r's +are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search +string, any remembered search string is used. + + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before +starting to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +1.3 Readline Init File +====================== + +Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like keybindings +installed by default, it is possible to use a different set of +keybindings. Any user can customize programs that use Readline by +putting commands in an "inputrc" file, conventionally in his home +directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the +environment variable 'INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default +is '~/.inputrc'. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the +ultimate default is '/etc/inputrc'. + + When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init +file is read, and the key bindings are set. + + In addition, the 'C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Init File Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +* Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +* Sample Init File:: An example inputrc file. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax +------------------------------- + +There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. +Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a '#' are comments. +Lines beginning with a '$' indicate conditional constructs (*note +Conditional Init Constructs::). Other lines denote variable settings +and key bindings. + +Variable Settings + You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by altering the + values of variables in Readline using the 'set' command within the + init file. The syntax is simple: + + set VARIABLE VALUE + + Here, for example, is how to change from the default Emacs-like key + binding to use 'vi' line editing commands: + + set editing-mode vi + + Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized + without regard to case. Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + + Boolean variables (those that can be set to on or off) are set to + on if the value is null or empty, ON (case-insensitive), or 1. Any + other value results in the variable being set to off. + + A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following + variables. + + 'bell-style' + Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal + bell. If set to 'none', Readline never rings the bell. If + set to 'visible', Readline uses a visible bell if one is + available. If set to 'audible' (the default), Readline + attempts to ring the terminal's bell. + + 'bind-tty-special-chars' + If set to 'on' (the default), Readline attempts to bind the + control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal + driver to their Readline equivalents. + + 'blink-matching-paren' + If set to 'on', Readline attempts to briefly move the cursor + to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is + inserted. The default is 'off'. + + 'colored-completion-prefix' + If set to 'on', when listing completions, Readline displays + the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a + different color. The color definitions are taken from the + value of the 'LS_COLORS' environment variable. The default is + 'off'. + + 'colored-stats' + If set to 'on', Readline displays possible completions using + different colors to indicate their file type. The color + definitions are taken from the value of the 'LS_COLORS' + environment variable. The default is 'off'. + + 'comment-begin' + The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the + 'insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is + '"#"'. + + 'completion-display-width' + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is + less than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A + value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line. + The default value is -1. + + 'completion-ignore-case' + If set to 'on', Readline performs filename matching and + completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value + is 'off'. + + 'completion-map-case' + If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled, + Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as + equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching + and completion. The default value is 'off'. + + 'completion-prefix-display-length' + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of + possible completions that is displayed without modification. + When set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer + than this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying + possible completions. + + 'completion-query-items' + The number of possible completions that determines when the + user is asked whether the list of possibilities should be + displayed. If the number of possible completions is greater + than or equal to this value, Readline will ask whether or not + the user wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply + listed. This variable must be set to an integer value greater + than or equal to 0. A negative value means Readline should + never ask. The default limit is '100'. + + 'convert-meta' + If set to 'on', Readline will convert characters with the + eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the + eighth bit and prefixing an <ESC> character, converting them + to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is 'on', + but will be set to 'off' if the locale is one that contains + eight-bit characters. + + 'disable-completion' + If set to 'On', Readline will inhibit word completion. + Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if + they had been mapped to 'self-insert'. The default is 'off'. + + 'echo-control-characters' + When set to 'on', on operating systems that indicate they + support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a + signal generated from the keyboard. The default is 'on'. + + 'editing-mode' + The 'editing-mode' variable controls which default set of key + bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs + editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. + This variable can be set to either 'emacs' or 'vi'. + + 'emacs-mode-string' + If the SHOW-MODE-IN-PROMPT variable is enabled, this string is + displayed immediately before the last line of the primary + prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is + expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the '\1' and '\2' escapes to begin and end sequences of + non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal + control sequence into the mode string. The default is '@'. + + 'enable-bracketed-paste' + When set to 'On', Readline will configure the terminal in a + way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing + buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating + each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. This + can prevent pasted characters from being interpreted as + editing commands. The default is 'On'. + + 'enable-keypad' + When set to 'on', Readline will try to enable the application + keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable + the arrow keys. The default is 'off'. + + 'enable-meta-key' + When set to 'on', Readline will try to enable any meta + modifier key the terminal claims to support when it is called. + On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit + characters. The default is 'on'. + + 'expand-tilde' + If set to 'on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline + attempts word completion. The default is 'off'. + + 'history-preserve-point' + If set to 'on', the history code attempts to place the point + (the current cursor position) at the same location on each + history line retrieved with 'previous-history' or + 'next-history'. The default is 'off'. + + 'history-size' + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are + deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less + than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. By + default, the number of history entries is not limited. If an + attempt is made to set HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, + the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. + + 'horizontal-scroll-mode' + This variable can be set to either 'on' or 'off'. Setting it + to 'on' means that the text of the lines being edited will + scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are + longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto + a new screen line. This variable is automatically set to 'on' + for terminals of height 1. By default, this variable is set + to 'off'. + + 'input-meta' + If set to 'on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will + not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), + regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The + default value is 'off', but Readline will set it to 'on' if + the locale contains eight-bit characters. The name + 'meta-flag' is a synonym for this variable. + + 'isearch-terminators' + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a + command (*note Searching::). If this variable has not been + given a value, the characters <ESC> and 'C-J' will terminate + an incremental search. + + 'keymap' + Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding + commands. Built-in 'keymap' names are 'emacs', + 'emacs-standard', 'emacs-meta', 'emacs-ctlx', 'vi', 'vi-move', + 'vi-command', and 'vi-insert'. 'vi' is equivalent to + 'vi-command' ('vi-move' is also a synonym); 'emacs' is + equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. Applications may add + additional names. The default value is 'emacs'. The value of + the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap. + + 'keyseq-timeout' + Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a + complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take + additional input to complete a longer key sequence). If no + input is received within the timeout, Readline will use the + shorter but complete key sequence. Readline uses this value + to determine whether or not input is available on the current + input source ('rl_instream' by default). The value is + specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that + Readline will wait one second for additional input. If this + variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a + non-numeric value, Readline will wait until another key is + pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. The default + value is '500'. + + 'mark-directories' + If set to 'on', completed directory names have a slash + appended. The default is 'on'. + + 'mark-modified-lines' + This variable, when set to 'on', causes Readline to display an + asterisk ('*') at the start of history lines which have been + modified. This variable is 'off' by default. + + 'mark-symlinked-directories' + If set to 'on', completed names which are symbolic links to + directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + 'mark-directories'). The default is 'off'. + + 'match-hidden-files' + This variable, when set to 'on', causes Readline to match + files whose names begin with a '.' (hidden files) when + performing filename completion. If set to 'off', the leading + '.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be + completed. This variable is 'on' by default. + + 'menu-complete-display-prefix' + If set to 'on', menu completion displays the common prefix of + the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before + cycling through the list. The default is 'off'. + + 'output-meta' + If set to 'on', Readline will display characters with the + eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape + sequence. The default is 'off', but Readline will set it to + 'on' if the locale contains eight-bit characters. + + 'page-completions' + If set to 'on', Readline uses an internal 'more'-like pager to + display a screenful of possible completions at a time. This + variable is 'on' by default. + + 'print-completions-horizontally' + If set to 'on', Readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down + the screen. The default is 'off'. + + 'revert-all-at-newline' + If set to 'on', Readline will undo all changes to history + lines before returning when 'accept-line' is executed. By + default, history lines may be modified and retain individual + undo lists across calls to 'readline'. The default is 'off'. + + 'show-all-if-ambiguous' + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + If set to 'on', words which have more than one possible + completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead + of ringing the bell. The default value is 'off'. + + 'show-all-if-unmodified' + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions + in a fashion similar to SHOW-ALL-IF-AMBIGUOUS. If set to + 'on', words which have more than one possible completion + without any possible partial completion (the possible + completions don't share a common prefix) cause the matches to + be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. The + default value is 'off'. + + 'show-mode-in-prompt' + If set to 'on', add a string to the beginning of the prompt + indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi + insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., + EMACS-MODE-STRING). The default value is 'off'. + + 'skip-completed-text' + If set to 'on', this alters the default completion behavior + when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active + when performing completion in the middle of a word. If + enabled, readline does not insert characters from the + completion that match characters after point in the word being + completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are + not duplicated. For instance, if this is enabled, attempting + completion when the cursor is after the 'e' in 'Makefile' will + result in 'Makefile' rather than 'Makefilefile', assuming + there is a single possible completion. The default value is + 'off'. + + 'vi-cmd-mode-string' + If the SHOW-MODE-IN-PROMPT variable is enabled, this string is + displayed immediately before the last line of the primary + prompt when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. + The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set + of meta- and control prefixes and backslash escape sequences + is available. Use the '\1' and '\2' escapes to begin and end + sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to + embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. The + default is '(cmd)'. + + 'vi-ins-mode-string' + If the SHOW-MODE-IN-PROMPT variable is enabled, this string is + displayed immediately before the last line of the primary + prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. + The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set + of meta- and control prefixes and backslash escape sequences + is available. Use the '\1' and '\2' escapes to begin and end + sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to + embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. The + default is '(ins)'. + + 'visible-stats' + If set to 'on', a character denoting a file's type is appended + to the filename when listing possible completions. The + default is 'off'. + +Key Bindings + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is simple. + First you need to find the name of the command that you want to + change. The following sections contain tables of the command name, + the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what the + command does. + + Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line in + the init file the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, + a colon, and then the name of the command. There can be no space + between the key name and the colon - that will be interpreted as + part of the key name. The name of the key can be expressed in + different ways, depending on what you find most comfortable. + + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a MACRO). + + KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For + example: + Control-u: universal-argument + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + Control-o: "> output" + + In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function + 'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function + 'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro + expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text + '> output' into the line). + + A number of symbolic character names are recognized while + processing this key binding syntax: DEL, ESC, ESCAPE, LFD, + NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, RUBOUT, SPACE, SPC, and TAB. + + "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an + entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key + sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes + can be used, as in the following example, but the special + character names are not recognized. + + "\C-u": universal-argument + "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file + "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" + + In the above example, 'C-u' is again bound to the function + 'universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), + ''C-x' 'C-r'' is bound to the function 're-read-init-file', + and '<ESC> <[> <1> <1> <~>' is bound to insert the text + 'Function Key 1'. + + The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when + specifying key sequences: + + '\C-' + control prefix + '\M-' + meta prefix + '\e' + an escape character + '\\' + backslash + '\"' + <">, a double quotation mark + '\'' + <'>, a single quote or apostrophe + + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set + of backslash escapes is available: + + '\a' + alert (bell) + '\b' + backspace + '\d' + delete + '\f' + form feed + '\n' + newline + '\r' + carriage return + '\t' + horizontal tab + '\v' + vertical tab + '\NNN' + the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value NNN + (one to three digits) + '\xHH' + the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value + HH (one or two hex digits) + + When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be + used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to + be a function name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes + described above are expanded. Backslash will quote any other + character in the macro text, including '"' and '''. For example, + the following binding will make ''C-x' \' insert a single '\' into + the line: + "\C-x\\": "\\" + + +File: readline.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Next: Sample Init File, Prev: Readline Init File Syntax, Up: Readline Init File + +1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs +--------------------------------- + +Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and +variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are +four parser directives used. + +'$if' + The '$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing + mode, the terminal being used, or the application using Readline. + The text of the test, after any comparison operator, extends to the + end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required + to isolate it. + + 'mode' + The 'mode=' form of the '$if' directive is used to test + whether Readline is in 'emacs' or 'vi' mode. This may be used + in conjunction with the 'set keymap' command, for instance, to + set bindings in the 'emacs-standard' and 'emacs-ctlx' keymaps + only if Readline is starting out in 'emacs' mode. + + 'term' + The 'term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key + bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the + terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the + '=' is tested against both the full name of the terminal and + the portion of the terminal name before the first '-'. This + allows 'sun' to match both 'sun' and 'sun-cmd', for instance. + + 'version' + The 'version' test may be used to perform comparisons against + specific Readline versions. The 'version' expands to the + current Readline version. The set of comparison operators + includes '=' (and '=='), '!=', '<=', '>=', '<', and '>'. The + version number supplied on the right side of the operator + consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, + and an optional minor version (e.g., '7.1'). If the minor + version is omitted, it is assumed to be '0'. The operator may + be separated from the string 'version' and from the version + number argument by whitespace. The following example sets a + variable if the Readline version being used is 7.0 or newer: + $if version >= 7.0 + set show-mode-in-prompt on + $endif + + 'application' + The APPLICATION construct is used to include + application-specific settings. Each program using the + Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test + for a particular value. This could be used to bind key + sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For + instance, the following command adds a key sequence that + quotes the current or previous word in Bash: + $if Bash + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + $endif + + 'variable' + The VARIABLE construct provides simple equality tests for + Readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are '=', '==', and '!='. The variable name must be + separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the + operator may be separated from the value on the right hand + side by whitespace. Both string and boolean variables may be + tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values + ON and OFF. The following example is equivalent to the + 'mode=emacs' test described above: + $if editing-mode == emacs + set show-mode-in-prompt on + $endif + +'$endif' + This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an '$if' + command. + +'$else' + Commands in this branch of the '$if' directive are executed if the + test fails. + +'$include' + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the following + directive reads from '/etc/inputrc': + $include /etc/inputrc + + +File: readline.info, Node: Sample Init File, Prev: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +1.3.3 Sample Init File +---------------------- + +Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key binding, +variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + + # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for + # programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing + # programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB. + # + # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. + # Lines beginning with '#' are comments. + # + # First, include any system-wide bindings and variable + # assignments from /etc/Inputrc + $include /etc/Inputrc + + # + # Set various bindings for emacs mode. + + set editing-mode emacs + + $if mode=emacs + + Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + + # + # Arrow keys in keypad mode + # + #"\M-OD": backward-char + #"\M-OC": forward-char + #"\M-OA": previous-history + #"\M-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in ANSI mode + # + "\M-[D": backward-char + "\M-[C": forward-char + "\M-[A": previous-history + "\M-[B": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode + # + #"\M-\C-OD": backward-char + #"\M-\C-OC": forward-char + #"\M-\C-OA": previous-history + #"\M-\C-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode + # + #"\M-\C-[D": backward-char + #"\M-\C-[C": forward-char + #"\M-\C-[A": previous-history + #"\M-\C-[B": next-history + + C-q: quoted-insert + + $endif + + # An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. + TAB: complete + + # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction + $if Bash + # edit the path + "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" + # prepare to type a quoted word -- + # insert open and close double quotes + # and move to just after the open quote + "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" + # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes + # in sequences and macros) + "\C-x\\": "\\" + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound + "\C-xr": redraw-current-line + # Edit variable on current line. + "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" + $endif + + # use a visible bell if one is available + set bell-style visible + + # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading + set input-meta on + + # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather + # than converted to prefix-meta sequences + set convert-meta off + + # display characters with the eighth bit set directly + # rather than as meta-prefixed characters + set output-meta on + + # if there are 150 or more possible completions for a word, + # ask whether or not the user wants to see all of them + set completion-query-items 150 + + # For FTP + $if Ftp + "\C-xg": "get \M-?" + "\C-xt": "put \M-?" + "\M-.": yank-last-arg + $endif + + +File: readline.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing + +1.4 Bindable Readline Commands +============================== + +* Menu: + +* Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. +* Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. +* Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. +* Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. +* Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +* Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +* Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters +* Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. + +This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. Command names without an accompanying key sequence are +unbound by default. + + In the following descriptions, "point" refers to the current cursor +position, and "mark" refers to a cursor position saved by the 'set-mark' +command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the +"region". + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.1 Commands For Moving +------------------------- + +'beginning-of-line (C-a)' + Move to the start of the current line. + +'end-of-line (C-e)' + Move to the end of the line. + +'forward-char (C-f)' + Move forward a character. + +'backward-char (C-b)' + Move back a character. + +'forward-word (M-f)' + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of + letters and digits. + +'backward-word (M-b)' + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are + composed of letters and digits. + +'previous-screen-line ()' + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the + prompt plus the screen width. + +'next-screen-line ()' + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not + greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. + +'clear-display (M-C-l)' + Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback + buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line at + the top of the screen. + +'clear-screen (C-l)' + Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the current + line at the top of the screen. + +'redraw-current-line ()' + Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History +------------------------------------------- + +'accept-line (Newline or Return)' + Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is + non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall + with 'add_history()'. If this line is a modified history line, the + history line is restored to its original state. + +'previous-history (C-p)' + Move 'back' through the history list, fetching the previous + command. + +'next-history (C-n)' + Move 'forward' through the history list, fetching the next command. + +'beginning-of-history (M-<)' + Move to the first line in the history. + +'end-of-history (M->)' + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + being entered. + +'reverse-search-history (C-r)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving 'up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + This command sets the region to the matched text and activates the + mark. + +'forward-search-history (C-s)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving 'down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + This command sets the region to the matched text and activates the + mark. + +'non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving 'up' + through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for + a string supplied by the user. The search string may match + anywhere in a history line. + +'non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving 'down' + through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for + a string supplied by the user. The search string may match + anywhere in a history line. + +'history-search-forward ()' + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. The search + string must match at the beginning of a history line. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +'history-search-backward ()' + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. The search + string must match at the beginning of a history line. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +'history-substring-search-forward ()' + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. The search + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +'history-substring-search-backward ()' + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. The search + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +'yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument N, + insert the Nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts + the Nth word from the end of the previous command. Once the + argument N is computed, the argument is extracted as if the '!N' + history expansion had been specified. + +'yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)' + Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the + previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave exactly + like 'yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to 'yank-last-arg' move back + through the history list, inserting the last word (or the word + specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. + Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines + the direction to move through the history. A negative argument + switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The + history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument, + as if the '!$' history expansion had been specified. + +'operate-and-get-next (C-o)' + Accept the current line for return to the calling application as if + a newline had been entered, and fetch the next line relative to the + current line from the history for editing. A numeric argument, if + supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current + line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text +-------------------------------- + +'end-of-file (usually C-d)' + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + 'stty'. If this character is read when there are no characters on + the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline + interprets it as the end of input and returns EOF. + +'delete-char (C-d)' + Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the + same character as the tty EOF character, as 'C-d' commonly is, see + above for the effects. + +'backward-delete-char (Rubout)' + Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means + to kill the characters instead of deleting them. + +'forward-backward-delete-char ()' + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the + end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is + deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. + +'quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)' + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to + insert key sequences like 'C-q', for example. + +'tab-insert (M-<TAB>)' + Insert a tab character. + +'self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' + Insert yourself. + +'bracketed-paste-begin ()' + This function is intended to be bound to the "bracketed paste" + escape sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is + assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text + as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been + read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one + was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing + commands. + + Bracketed paste sets the region (the characters between point and + the mark) to the inserted text. It uses the concept of an _active + mark_: when the mark is active, Readline redisplay uses the + terminal's standout mode to denote the region. + +'transpose-chars (C-t)' + Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at + the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion + point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two + characters of the line. Negative arguments have no effect. + +'transpose-words (M-t)' + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point + past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the end of + the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. + +'upcase-word (M-u)' + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +'downcase-word (M-l)' + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +'capitalize-word (M-c)' + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +'overwrite-mode ()' + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument, + switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric + argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only + 'emacs' mode; 'vi' mode does overwrite differently. Each call to + 'readline()' starts in insert mode. + + In overwrite mode, characters bound to 'self-insert' replace the + text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. + Characters bound to 'backward-delete-char' replace the character + before point with a space. + + By default, this command is unbound. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.4 Killing And Yanking +------------------------- + +'kill-line (C-k)' + Kill the text from point to the end of the line. With a negative + numeric argument, kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of + the current line. + +'backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' + Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + With a negative numeric argument, kill forward from the cursor to + the end of the current line. + +'unix-line-discard (C-u)' + Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + +'kill-whole-line ()' + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. + By default, this is unbound. + +'kill-word (M-d)' + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as 'forward-word'. + +'backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>)' + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + 'backward-word'. + +'shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)' + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point + past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the end of + the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. Word + boundaries are the same as 'shell-forward-word' and + 'shell-backward-word'. + +'unix-word-rubout (C-w)' + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. + The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +'unix-filename-rubout ()' + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the + kill-ring. + +'delete-horizontal-space ()' + Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is + unbound. + +'kill-region ()' + Kill the text in the current region. By default, this command is + unbound. + +'copy-region-as-kill ()' + Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked + right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +'copy-backward-word ()' + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries + are the same as 'backward-word'. By default, this command is + unbound. + +'copy-forward-word ()' + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + boundaries are the same as 'forward-word'. By default, this + command is unbound. + +'yank (C-y)' + Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. + +'yank-pop (M-y)' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is 'yank' or 'yank-pop'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments +---------------------------------- + +'digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new + argument. 'M--' starts a negative argument. + +'universal-argument ()' + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is followed + by digits, executing 'universal-argument' again ends the numeric + argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if this + command is immediately followed by a character that is neither a + digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next command is + multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so + executing this function the first time makes the argument count + four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. + By default, this is not bound to a key. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You +----------------------------------- + +'complete (<TAB>)' + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The actual + completion performed is application-specific. The default is + filename completion. + +'possible-completions (M-?)' + List the possible completions of the text before point. When + displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used + for display to the value of 'completion-display-width', the value + of the environment variable 'COLUMNS', or the screen width, in that + order. + +'insert-completions (M-*)' + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + been generated by 'possible-completions'. + +'menu-complete ()' + Similar to 'complete', but replaces the word to be completed with a + single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of 'menu-complete' steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list + of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of + 'bell-style') and the original text is restored. An argument of N + moves N positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to <TAB>, but is unbound by + default. + +'menu-complete-backward ()' + Identical to 'menu-complete', but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if 'menu-complete' had been given a + negative argument. + +'delete-char-or-list ()' + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or + end of the line (like 'delete-char'). If at the end of the line, + behaves identically to 'possible-completions'. This command is + unbound by default. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.7 Keyboard Macros +--------------------- + +'start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +'end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' + Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro + and save the definition. + +'call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the + characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + +'print-last-kbd-macro ()' + Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the + INPUTRC file. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands +--------------------------------- + +'re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' + Read in the contents of the INPUTRC file, and incorporate any + bindings or variable assignments found there. + +'abort (C-g)' + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + (subject to the setting of 'bell-style'). + +'do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is upper case, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding metafied lower case character. The + behavior is undefined if X is already lower case. + +'prefix-meta (<ESC>)' + Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards without a + meta key. Typing '<ESC> f' is equivalent to typing 'M-f'. + +'undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)' + Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +'revert-line (M-r)' + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + 'undo' command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +'tilde-expand (M-~)' + Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +'set-mark (C-@)' + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + mark is set to that position. + +'exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)' + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set + to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the + mark. + +'character-search (C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of + that character. A negative count searches for previous + occurrences. + +'character-search-backward (M-C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence + of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent + occurrences. + +'skip-csi-sequence ()' + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this + sequence is bound to "\e[", keys producing such sequences will have + no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of + inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is + unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. + +'insert-comment (M-#)' + Without a numeric argument, the value of the 'comment-begin' + variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a + numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if the + characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value of + 'comment-begin', the value is inserted, otherwise the characters in + 'comment-begin' are deleted from the beginning of the line. In + either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. + +'dump-functions ()' + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the Readline + output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is + formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + +'dump-variables ()' + Print all of the settable variables and their values to the + Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + +'dump-macros ()' + Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output + is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + +'emacs-editing-mode (C-e)' + When in 'vi' command mode, this causes a switch to 'emacs' editing + mode. + +'vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)' + When in 'emacs' editing mode, this causes a switch to 'vi' editing + mode. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing + +1.5 Readline vi Mode +==================== + +While the Readline library does not have a full set of 'vi' editing +functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. +The Readline 'vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX standard. + + In order to switch interactively between 'emacs' and 'vi' editing +modes, use the command 'M-C-j' (bound to emacs-editing-mode when in 'vi' +mode and to vi-editing-mode in 'emacs' mode). The Readline default is +'emacs' mode. + + When you enter a line in 'vi' mode, you are already placed in +'insertion' mode, as if you had typed an 'i'. Pressing <ESC> switches +you into 'command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with +the standard 'vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with 'k' +and subsequent lines with 'j', and so forth. + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for +aiding in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs +that need to provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the +entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Foundation. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Programming with GNU Readline, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top + +2 Programming with GNU Readline +******************************* + +This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline Library +and other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to include +the features found in GNU Readline such as completion, line editing, and +interactive history manipulation in your own programs, this section is +for you. + +* Menu: + +* Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline. +* Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline. +* Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom + functions. +* Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to + aid in writing your own custom + functions. +* Readline Signal Handling:: How Readline behaves when it receives signals. +* Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's + completion functions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Basic Behavior, Next: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.1 Basic Behavior +================== + +Many programs provide a command line interface, such as 'mail', 'ftp', +and 'sh'. For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline is +sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in the simplest +way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to 'gets()' or +'fgets()'. + + The function 'readline()' prints a prompt PROMPT and then reads and +returns a single line of text from the user. If PROMPT is 'NULL' or the +empty string, no prompt is displayed. The line 'readline' returns is +allocated with 'malloc()'; the caller should 'free()' the line when it +has finished with it. The declaration for 'readline' in ANSI C is + + char *readline (const char *PROMPT); + +So, one might say + char *line = readline ("Enter a line: "); +in order to read a line of text from the user. The line returned has +the final newline removed, so only the text remains. + + If 'readline' encounters an 'EOF' while reading the line, and the +line is empty at that point, then '(char *)NULL' is returned. +Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. + + Readline performs some expansion on the PROMPT before it is displayed +on the screen. See the description of 'rl_expand_prompt' (*note +Redisplay::) for additional details, especially if PROMPT will contain +characters that do not consume physical screen space when displayed. + + If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with <C-p> +for example), you must call 'add_history()' to save the line away in a +"history" list of such lines. + + add_history (line); + +For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. + + It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, +since users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is a +function which usefully replaces the standard 'gets()' library function, +and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: + + /* A static variable for holding the line. */ + static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; + + /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. + Returns NULL on EOF. */ + char * + rl_gets () + { + /* If the buffer has already been allocated, + return the memory to the free pool. */ + if (line_read) + { + free (line_read); + line_read = (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Get a line from the user. */ + line_read = readline (""); + + /* If the line has any text in it, + save it on the history. */ + if (line_read && *line_read) + add_history (line_read); + + return (line_read); + } + + This function gives the user the default behaviour of <TAB> +completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to +complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the <TAB> key with +'rl_bind_key()'. + + int rl_bind_key (int KEY, rl_command_func_t *FUNCTION); + + 'rl_bind_key()' takes two arguments: KEY is the character that you +want to bind, and FUNCTION is the address of the function to call when +KEY is pressed. Binding <TAB> to 'rl_insert()' makes <TAB> insert +itself. 'rl_bind_key()' returns non-zero if KEY is not a valid ASCII +character code (between 0 and 255). + + Thus, to disable the default <TAB> behavior, the following suffices: + rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert); + + This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you +might write a function called 'initialize_readline()' which performs +this and other desired initializations, such as installing custom +completers (*note Custom Completers::). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Functions, Next: Readline Variables, Prev: Basic Behavior, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.2 Custom Functions +==================== + +Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of the line, +but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all programs. This +section describes the various functions and variables defined within the +Readline library which allow a user program to add customized +functionality to Readline. + + Before declaring any functions that customize Readline's behavior, or +using any functionality Readline provides in other code, an application +writer should include the file '<readline/readline.h>' in any file that +uses Readline's features. Since some of the definitions in 'readline.h' +use the 'stdio' library, the file '<stdio.h>' should be included before +'readline.h'. + + 'readline.h' defines a C preprocessor variable that should be treated +as an integer, 'RL_READLINE_VERSION', which may be used to conditionally +compile application code depending on the installed Readline version. +The value is a hexadecimal encoding of the major and minor version +numbers of the library, of the form 0xMMMM. MM is the two-digit major +version number; MM is the two-digit minor version number. For Readline +4.2, for example, the value of 'RL_READLINE_VERSION' would be '0x0402'. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Typedefs:: C declarations to make code readable. +* Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Typedefs, Next: Function Writing, Up: Custom Functions + +2.2.1 Readline Typedefs +----------------------- + +For readability, we declare a number of new object types, all pointers +to functions. + + The reason for declaring these new types is to make it easier to +write code describing pointers to C functions with appropriately +prototyped arguments and return values. + + For instance, say we want to declare a variable FUNC as a pointer to +a function which takes two 'int' arguments and returns an 'int' (this is +the type of all of the Readline bindable functions). Instead of the +classic C declaration + + 'int (*func)();' + +or the ANSI-C style declaration + + 'int (*func)(int, int);' + +we may write + + 'rl_command_func_t *func;' + + The full list of function pointer types available is + +'typedef int rl_command_func_t (int, int);' + +'typedef char *rl_compentry_func_t (const char *, int);' + +'typedef char **rl_completion_func_t (const char *, int, int);' + +'typedef char *rl_quote_func_t (char *, int, char *);' + +'typedef char *rl_dequote_func_t (char *, int);' + +'typedef int rl_compignore_func_t (char **);' + +'typedef void rl_compdisp_func_t (char **, int, int);' + +'typedef int rl_hook_func_t (void);' + +'typedef int rl_getc_func_t (FILE *);' + +'typedef int rl_linebuf_func_t (char *, int);' + +'typedef int rl_intfunc_t (int);' +'#define rl_ivoidfunc_t rl_hook_func_t' +'typedef int rl_icpfunc_t (char *);' +'typedef int rl_icppfunc_t (char **);' + +'typedef void rl_voidfunc_t (void);' +'typedef void rl_vintfunc_t (int);' +'typedef void rl_vcpfunc_t (char *);' +'typedef void rl_vcppfunc_t (char **);' + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Writing, Prev: Readline Typedefs, Up: Custom Functions + +2.2.2 Writing a New Function +---------------------------- + +In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the +calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the +variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. + + The calling sequence for a command 'foo' looks like + + int foo (int count, int key) + +where COUNT is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and KEY is the +key that invoked this function. + + It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with +the numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some as +a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current +line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to +ignore it. In general, if a function uses the numeric argument as a +repeat count, it should be able to do something useful with both +negative and positive arguments. At the very least, it should be aware +that it can be passed a negative argument. + + A command function should return 0 if its action completes +successfully, and a value greater than zero if some error occurs. This +is the convention obeyed by all of the builtin Readline bindable command +functions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Variables, Next: Readline Convenience Functions, Prev: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.3 Readline Variables +====================== + +These variables are available to function writers. + + -- Variable: char * rl_line_buffer + This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the + contents of the line, but see *note Allowing Undoing::. The + function 'rl_extend_line_buffer' is available to increase the + memory allocated to 'rl_line_buffer'. + + -- Variable: int rl_point + The offset of the current cursor position in 'rl_line_buffer' (the + _point_). + + -- Variable: int rl_end + The number of characters present in 'rl_line_buffer'. When + 'rl_point' is at the end of the line, 'rl_point' and 'rl_end' are + equal. + + -- Variable: int rl_mark + The MARK (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark + and point define a _region_. + + -- Variable: int rl_done + Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the + current line immediately. + + -- Variable: int rl_num_chars_to_read + Setting this to a positive value before calling 'readline()' causes + Readline to return after accepting that many characters, rather + than reading up to a character bound to 'accept-line'. + + -- Variable: int rl_pending_input + Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is + a way to stuff a single character into the input stream. + + -- Variable: int rl_dispatching + Set to a non-zero value if a function is being called from a key + binding; zero otherwise. Application functions can test this to + discover whether they were called directly or by Readline's + dispatching mechanism. + + -- Variable: int rl_erase_empty_line + Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to completely + erase the current line, including any prompt, any time a newline is + typed as the only character on an otherwise-empty line. The cursor + is moved to the beginning of the newly-blank line. + + -- Variable: char * rl_prompt + The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to + 'readline()', and should not be assigned to directly. The + 'rl_set_prompt()' function (*note Redisplay::) may be used to + modify the prompt string after calling 'readline()'. + + -- Variable: char * rl_display_prompt + The string displayed as the prompt. This is usually identical to + RL_PROMPT, but may be changed temporarily by functions that use the + prompt string as a message area, such as incremental search. + + -- Variable: int rl_already_prompted + If an application wishes to display the prompt itself, rather than + have Readline do it the first time 'readline()' is called, it + should set this variable to a non-zero value after displaying the + prompt. The prompt must also be passed as the argument to + 'readline()' so the redisplay functions can update the display + properly. The calling application is responsible for managing the + value; Readline never sets it. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_library_version + The version number of this revision of the library. + + -- Variable: int rl_readline_version + An integer encoding the current version of the library. The + encoding is of the form 0xMMMM, where MM is the two-digit major + version number, and MM is the two-digit minor version number. For + example, for Readline-4.2, 'rl_readline_version' would have the + value 0x0402. + + -- Variable: int rl_gnu_readline_p + Always set to 1, denoting that this is GNU readline rather than + some emulation. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_terminal_name + The terminal type, used for initialization. If not set by the + application, Readline sets this to the value of the 'TERM' + environment variable the first time it is called. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_readline_name + This variable is set to a unique name by each application using + Readline. The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file + (*note Conditional Init Constructs::). + + -- Variable: FILE * rl_instream + The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. If 'NULL', + Readline defaults to STDIN. + + -- Variable: FILE * rl_outstream + The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. If 'NULL', + Readline defaults to STDOUT. + + -- Variable: int rl_prefer_env_winsize + If non-zero, Readline gives values found in the 'LINES' and + 'COLUMNS' environment variables greater precedence than values + fetched from the kernel when computing the screen dimensions. + + -- Variable: rl_command_func_t * rl_last_func + The address of the last command function Readline executed. May be + used to test whether or not a function is being executed twice in + succession, for example. + + -- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_startup_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before + 'readline' prints the first prompt. + + -- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_pre_input_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after the + first prompt has been printed and just before 'readline' starts + reading input characters. + + -- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_event_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically + when Readline is waiting for terminal input. By default, this will + be called at most ten times a second if there is no keyboard input. + + -- Variable: rl_getc_func_t * rl_getc_function + If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer to + get a character from the input stream. By default, it is set to + 'rl_getc', the default Readline character input function (*note + Character Input::). In general, an application that sets + RL_GETC_FUNCTION should consider setting RL_INPUT_AVAILABLE_HOOK as + well. + + -- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_signal_event_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call if a read + system call is interrupted when Readline is reading terminal input. + + -- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_input_available_hook + If non-zero, Readline will use this function's return value when it + needs to determine whether or not there is available input on the + current input source. The default hook checks 'rl_instream'; if an + application is using a different input source, it should set the + hook appropriately. Readline queries for available input when + implementing intra-key-sequence timeouts during input and + incremental searches. This may use an application-specific timeout + before returning a value; Readline uses the value passed to + 'rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()' or the value of the user-settable + KEYSEQ-TIMEOUT variable. This is designed for use by applications + using Readline's callback interface (*note Alternate Interface::), + which may not use the traditional 'read(2)' and file descriptor + interface, or other applications using a different input mechanism. + If an application uses an input mechanism or hook that can + potentially exceed the value of KEYSEQ-TIMEOUT, it should increase + the timeout or set this hook appropriately even when not using the + callback interface. In general, an application that sets + RL_GETC_FUNCTION should consider setting RL_INPUT_AVAILABLE_HOOK as + well. + + -- Variable: rl_voidfunc_t * rl_redisplay_function + If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer to + update the display with the current contents of the editing buffer. + By default, it is set to 'rl_redisplay', the default Readline + redisplay function (*note Redisplay::). + + -- Variable: rl_vintfunc_t * rl_prep_term_function + If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer to + initialize the terminal. The function takes a single argument, an + 'int' flag that says whether or not to use eight-bit characters. + By default, this is set to 'rl_prep_terminal' (*note Terminal + Management::). + + -- Variable: rl_voidfunc_t * rl_deprep_term_function + If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer to + reset the terminal. This function should undo the effects of + 'rl_prep_term_function'. By default, this is set to + 'rl_deprep_terminal' (*note Terminal Management::). + + -- Variable: Keymap rl_executing_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::) in which the + currently executing readline function was found. + + -- Variable: Keymap rl_binding_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::) in which the + last key binding occurred. + + -- Variable: char * rl_executing_macro + This variable is set to the text of any currently-executing macro. + + -- Variable: int rl_executing_key + The key that caused the dispatch to the currently-executing + Readline function. + + -- Variable: char * rl_executing_keyseq + The full key sequence that caused the dispatch to the + currently-executing Readline function. + + -- Variable: int rl_key_sequence_length + The number of characters in RL_EXECUTING_KEYSEQ. + + -- Variable: int rl_readline_state + A variable with bit values that encapsulate the current Readline + state. A bit is set with the 'RL_SETSTATE' macro, and unset with + the 'RL_UNSETSTATE' macro. Use the 'RL_ISSTATE' macro to test + whether a particular state bit is set. Current state bits include: + + 'RL_STATE_NONE' + Readline has not yet been called, nor has it begun to + initialize. + 'RL_STATE_INITIALIZING' + Readline is initializing its internal data structures. + 'RL_STATE_INITIALIZED' + Readline has completed its initialization. + 'RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED' + Readline has modified the terminal modes to do its own input + and redisplay. + 'RL_STATE_READCMD' + Readline is reading a command from the keyboard. + 'RL_STATE_METANEXT' + Readline is reading more input after reading the meta-prefix + character. + 'RL_STATE_DISPATCHING' + Readline is dispatching to a command. + 'RL_STATE_MOREINPUT' + Readline is reading more input while executing an editing + command. + 'RL_STATE_ISEARCH' + Readline is performing an incremental history search. + 'RL_STATE_NSEARCH' + Readline is performing a non-incremental history search. + 'RL_STATE_SEARCH' + Readline is searching backward or forward through the history + for a string. + 'RL_STATE_NUMERICARG' + Readline is reading a numeric argument. + 'RL_STATE_MACROINPUT' + Readline is currently getting its input from a + previously-defined keyboard macro. + 'RL_STATE_MACRODEF' + Readline is currently reading characters defining a keyboard + macro. + 'RL_STATE_OVERWRITE' + Readline is in overwrite mode. + 'RL_STATE_COMPLETING' + Readline is performing word completion. + 'RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER' + Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler. + 'RL_STATE_UNDOING' + Readline is performing an undo. + 'RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING' + Readline has input pending due to a call to + 'rl_execute_next()'. + 'RL_STATE_TTYCSAVED' + Readline has saved the values of the terminal's special + characters. + 'RL_STATE_CALLBACK' + Readline is currently using the alternate (callback) interface + (*note Alternate Interface::). + 'RL_STATE_VIMOTION' + Readline is reading the argument to a vi-mode "motion" + command. + 'RL_STATE_MULTIKEY' + Readline is reading a multiple-keystroke command. + 'RL_STATE_VICMDONCE' + Readline has entered vi command (movement) mode at least one + time during the current call to 'readline()'. + 'RL_STATE_DONE' + Readline has read a key sequence bound to 'accept-line' and is + about to return the line to the caller. + + -- Variable: int rl_explicit_arg + Set to a non-zero value if an explicit numeric argument was + specified by the user. Only valid in a bindable command function. + + -- Variable: int rl_numeric_arg + Set to the value of any numeric argument explicitly specified by + the user before executing the current Readline function. Only + valid in a bindable command function. + + -- Variable: int rl_editing_mode + Set to a value denoting Readline's current editing mode. A value + of 1 means Readline is currently in emacs mode; 0 means that vi + mode is active. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Convenience Functions, Next: Readline Signal Handling, Prev: Readline Variables, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.4 Readline Convenience Functions +================================== + +* Menu: + +* Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name. +* Keymaps:: Making keymaps. +* Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps. +* Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to + key sequences. +* Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable. +* Redisplay:: Functions to control line display. +* Modifying Text:: Functions to modify 'rl_line_buffer'. +* Character Input:: Functions to read keyboard input. +* Terminal Management:: Functions to manage terminal settings. +* Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks. +* Miscellaneous Functions:: Functions that don't fall into any category. +* Alternate Interface:: Using Readline in a 'callback' fashion. +* A Readline Example:: An example Readline function. +* Alternate Interface Example:: An example program using the alternate interface. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Naming, Next: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.1 Naming a Function +----------------------- + +The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using +Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive +name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to +the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find + + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + + This binds the keystroke <Meta-Rubout> to the function +_descriptively_ named 'backward-kill-word'. You, as the programmer, +should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as well. +Readline provides a function for doing that: + + -- Function: int rl_add_defun (const char *name, rl_command_func_t + *function, int key) + Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the + function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it to + FUNCTION using 'rl_bind_key()'. + + Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is +the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that +Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a +function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions +described below. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keymaps, Next: Binding Keys, Prev: Function Naming, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.2 Selecting a Keymap +------------------------ + +Key bindings take place on a "keymap". The keymap is the association +between the keys that the user types and the functions that get run. +You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell Readline +which keymap to use. + + -- Function: Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap (void) + Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is allocated + with 'malloc()'; the caller should free it by calling + 'rl_free_keymap()' when done. + + -- Function: Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map) + Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. + + -- Function: Keymap rl_make_keymap (void) + Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to + rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their + equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric + arguments. + + -- Function: void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Free the storage associated with the data in KEYMAP. The caller + should free KEYMAP. + + -- Function: void rl_free_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Free all storage associated with KEYMAP. This calls + 'rl_discard_keymap' to free subordindate keymaps and macros. + + -- Function: int rl_empty_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Return non-zero if there are no keys bound to functions in KEYMAP; + zero if there are any keys bound. + + Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to +change which keymap is active. + + -- Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap (void) + Returns the currently active keymap. + + -- Function: void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Makes KEYMAP the currently active keymap. + + -- Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (const char *name) + Return the keymap matching NAME. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a 'set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::). + + -- Function: char * rl_get_keymap_name (Keymap keymap) + Return the name matching KEYMAP. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a 'set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::). + + -- Function: int rl_set_keymap_name (const char *name, Keymap keymap) + Set the name of KEYMAP. This name will then be "registered" and + available for use in a 'set keymap' inputrc directive *note + Readline Init File::). The NAME may not be one of Readline's + builtin keymap names; you may not add a different name for one of + Readline's builtin keymaps. You may replace the name associated + with a given keymap by calling this function more than once with + the same KEYMAP argument. You may associate a registered NAME with + a new keymap by calling this function more than once with the same + NAME argument. There is no way to remove a named keymap once the + name has been registered. Readline will make a copy of NAME. The + return value is greater than zero unless NAME is one of Readline's + builtin keymap names or KEYMAP is one of Readline's builtin + keymaps. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Binding Keys, Next: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Prev: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.3 Binding Keys +------------------ + +Key sequences are associate with functions through the keymap. Readline +has several internal keymaps: 'emacs_standard_keymap', +'emacs_meta_keymap', 'emacs_ctlx_keymap', 'vi_movement_keymap', and +'vi_insertion_keymap'. 'emacs_standard_keymap' is the default, and the +examples in this manual assume that. + + Since 'readline()' installs a set of default key bindings the first +time it is called, there is always the danger that a custom binding +installed before the first call to 'readline()' will be overridden. An +alternate mechanism is to install custom key bindings in an +initialization function assigned to the 'rl_startup_hook' variable +(*note Readline Variables::). + + These functions manage key bindings. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_key (int key, rl_command_func_t *function) + Binds KEY to FUNCTION in the currently active keymap. Returns + non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in the case of an + invalid KEY. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_key_if_unbound (int key, rl_command_func_t + *function) + Binds KEY to FUNCTION if it is not already bound in the currently + active keymap. Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY or + if KEY is already bound. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map (int key, + rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map) + Binds KEY to FUNCTION if it is not already bound in MAP. Returns + non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY or if KEY is already bound. + + -- Function: int rl_unbind_key (int key) + Bind KEY to the null function in the currently active keymap. + Returns non-zero in case of error. + + -- Function: int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map) + Bind KEY to the null function in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of + error. + + -- Function: int rl_unbind_function_in_map (rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Unbind all keys that execute FUNCTION in MAP. + + -- Function: int rl_unbind_command_in_map (const char *command, Keymap + map) + Unbind all keys that are bound to COMMAND in MAP. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_keyseq (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t + *function) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + function FUNCTION, beginning in the current keymap. This makes new + keymaps as necessary. The return value is non-zero if KEYSEQ is + invalid. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_keyseq_in_map (const char *keyseq, + rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + function FUNCTION. This makes new keymaps as necessary. Initial + bindings are performed in MAP. The return value is non-zero if + KEYSEQ is invalid. + + -- Function: int rl_set_key (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Equivalent to 'rl_bind_keyseq_in_map'. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound (const char *keyseq, + rl_command_func_t *function) + Binds KEYSEQ to FUNCTION if it is not already bound in the + currently active keymap. Returns non-zero in the case of an + invalid KEYSEQ or if KEYSEQ is already bound. + + -- Function: int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map (const char *keyseq, + rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map) + Binds KEYSEQ to FUNCTION if it is not already bound in MAP. + Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid KEYSEQ or if KEYSEQ is + already bound. + + -- Function: int rl_generic_bind (int type, const char *keyseq, char + *data, Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to + by DATA; this can be a function ('ISFUNC'), a macro ('ISMACR'), or + a keymap ('ISKMAP'). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The + initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP. + + -- Function: int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line) + Parse LINE as if it had been read from the 'inputrc' file and + perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (*note + Readline Init File::). + + -- Function: int rl_read_init_file (const char *filename) + Read keybindings and variable assignments from FILENAME (*note + Readline Init File::). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Next: Allowing Undoing, Prev: Binding Keys, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.4 Associating Function Names and Bindings +--------------------------------------------- + +These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named functions +and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. You may also +associate a new function name with an arbitrary function. + + -- Function: rl_command_func_t * rl_named_function (const char *name) + Return the function with name NAME. + + -- Function: rl_command_func_t * rl_function_of_keyseq (const char + *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type) + Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ in keymap MAP. If MAP is + 'NULL', the current keymap is used. If TYPE is not 'NULL', the + type of the object is returned in the 'int' variable it points to + (one of 'ISFUNC', 'ISKMAP', or 'ISMACR'). It takes a "translated" + key sequence and should not be used if the key sequence can include + NUL. + + -- Function: rl_command_func_t * rl_function_of_keyseq_len (const char + *keyseq, size_t len, Keymap map, int *type) + Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ of length LEN in keymap MAP. + Equivalent to 'rl_function_of_keyseq' with the addition of the LEN + parameter. It takes a "translated" key sequence and should be used + if the key sequence can include NUL. + + -- Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (rl_command_func_t *function) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the current keymap. + + -- Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the keymap MAP. + + -- Function: void rl_function_dumper (int readable) + Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently + bound to them to 'rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the list + is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an 'inputrc' + file and re-read. + + -- Function: void rl_list_funmap_names (void) + Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to + 'rl_outstream'. + + -- Function: const char ** rl_funmap_names (void) + Return a NULL terminated array of known function names. The array + is sorted. The array itself is allocated, but not the strings + inside. You should free the array, but not the pointers, using + 'free' or 'rl_free' when you are done. + + -- Function: int rl_add_funmap_entry (const char *name, + rl_command_func_t *function) + Add NAME to the list of bindable Readline command names, and make + FUNCTION the function to be called when NAME is invoked. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Allowing Undoing, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.5 Allowing Undoing +---------------------- + +Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your +functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if +you know you can undo it. + + If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and +uses 'rl_insert_text()' or 'rl_delete_text()' to do it, then undoing is +already done for you automatically. + + If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any +combination of these operations, you should group them together into one +operation. This is done with 'rl_begin_undo_group()' and +'rl_end_undo_group()'. + + The types of events that can be undone are: + + enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; + + Notice that 'UNDO_DELETE' means to insert some text, and +'UNDO_INSERT' means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells +what to undo, not how to undo it. 'UNDO_BEGIN' and 'UNDO_END' are tags +added by 'rl_begin_undo_group()' and 'rl_end_undo_group()'. + + -- Function: int rl_begin_undo_group (void) + Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo + information usually comes from calls to 'rl_insert_text()' and + 'rl_delete_text()', but could be the result of calls to + 'rl_add_undo()'. + + -- Function: int rl_end_undo_group (void) + Closes the current undo group started with 'rl_begin_undo_group + ()'. There should be one call to 'rl_end_undo_group()' for each + call to 'rl_begin_undo_group()'. + + -- Function: void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, + char *text) + Remember how to undo an event (according to WHAT). The affected + text runs from START to END, and encompasses TEXT. + + -- Function: void rl_free_undo_list (void) + Free the existing undo list. + + -- Function: int rl_do_undo (void) + Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns '0' if there was + nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. + + Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify +the existing text (e.g., change its case), call 'rl_modifying()' once, +just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the +text range that you are going to modify. + + -- Function: int rl_modifying (int start, int end) + Tell Readline to save the text between START and END as a single + undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that + text. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Redisplay, Next: Modifying Text, Prev: Allowing Undoing, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.6 Redisplay +--------------- + + -- Function: void rl_redisplay (void) + Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current + contents of 'rl_line_buffer'. + + -- Function: int rl_forced_update_display (void) + Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not + Readline thinks the screen display is correct. + + -- Function: int rl_on_new_line (void) + Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new (empty) + line, usually after outputting a newline. + + -- Function: int rl_on_new_line_with_prompt (void) + Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new line, with + RL_PROMPT already displayed. This could be used by applications + that want to output the prompt string themselves, but still need + Readline to know the prompt string length for redisplay. It should + be used after setting RL_ALREADY_PROMPTED. + + -- Function: int rl_clear_visible_line (void) + Clear the screen lines corresponding to the current line's + contents. + + -- Function: int rl_reset_line_state (void) + Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current + line starting on a new line. + + -- Function: int rl_crlf (void) + Move the cursor to the start of the next screen line. + + -- Function: int rl_show_char (int c) + Display character C on 'rl_outstream'. If Readline has not been + set to display meta characters directly, this will convert meta + characters to a meta-prefixed key sequence. This is intended for + use by applications which wish to do their own redisplay. + + -- Function: int rl_message (const char *, ...) + The arguments are a format string as would be supplied to 'printf', + possibly containing conversion specifications such as '%d', and any + additional arguments necessary to satisfy the conversion + specifications. The resulting string is displayed in the "echo + area". The echo area is also used to display numeric arguments and + search strings. You should call 'rl_save_prompt' to save the + prompt information before calling this function. + + -- Function: int rl_clear_message (void) + Clear the message in the echo area. If the prompt was saved with a + call to 'rl_save_prompt' before the last call to 'rl_message', call + 'rl_restore_prompt' before calling this function. + + -- Function: void rl_save_prompt (void) + Save the local Readline prompt display state in preparation for + displaying a new message in the message area with 'rl_message()'. + + -- Function: void rl_restore_prompt (void) + Restore the local Readline prompt display state saved by the most + recent call to 'rl_save_prompt'. if 'rl_save_prompt' was called to + save the prompt before a call to 'rl_message', this function should + be called before the corresponding call to 'rl_clear_message'. + + -- Function: int rl_expand_prompt (char *prompt) + Expand any special character sequences in PROMPT and set up the + local Readline prompt redisplay variables. This function is called + by 'readline()'. It may also be called to expand the primary + prompt if the 'rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()' function or + 'rl_already_prompted' variable is used. It returns the number of + visible characters on the last line of the (possibly multi-line) + prompt. Applications may indicate that the prompt contains + characters that take up no physical screen space when displayed by + bracketing a sequence of such characters with the special markers + 'RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE' and 'RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE' (declared in + 'readline.h'). This may be used to embed terminal-specific escape + sequences in prompts. + + -- Function: int rl_set_prompt (const char *prompt) + Make Readline use PROMPT for subsequent redisplay. This calls + 'rl_expand_prompt()' to expand the prompt and sets 'rl_prompt' to + the result. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Modifying Text, Next: Character Input, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.7 Modifying Text +-------------------- + + -- Function: int rl_insert_text (const char *text) + Insert TEXT into the line at the current cursor position. Returns + the number of characters inserted. + + -- Function: int rl_delete_text (int start, int end) + Delete the text between START and END in the current line. Returns + the number of characters deleted. + + -- Function: char * rl_copy_text (int start, int end) + Return a copy of the text between START and END in the current + line. + + -- Function: int rl_kill_text (int start, int end) + Copy the text between START and END in the current line to the kill + ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last command + was a kill command. The text is deleted. If START is less than + END, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last + command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used. + + -- Function: int rl_push_macro_input (char *macro) + Cause MACRO to be inserted into the line, as if it had been invoked + by a key bound to a macro. Not especially useful; use + 'rl_insert_text()' instead. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Character Input, Next: Terminal Management, Prev: Modifying Text, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.8 Character Input +--------------------- + + -- Function: int rl_read_key (void) + Return the next character available from Readline's current input + stream. This handles input inserted into the input stream via + RL_PENDING_INPUT (*note Readline Variables::) and + 'rl_stuff_char()', macros, and characters read from the keyboard. + While waiting for input, this function will call any function + assigned to the 'rl_event_hook' variable. + + -- Function: int rl_getc (FILE *stream) + Return the next character available from STREAM, which is assumed + to be the keyboard. + + -- Function: int rl_stuff_char (int c) + Insert C into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before + Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with + 'rl_read_key()'. Up to 512 characters may be pushed back. + 'rl_stuff_char' returns 1 if the character was successfully + inserted; 0 otherwise. + + -- Function: int rl_execute_next (int c) + Make C be the next command to be executed when 'rl_read_key()' is + called. This sets RL_PENDING_INPUT. + + -- Function: int rl_clear_pending_input (void) + Unset RL_PENDING_INPUT, effectively negating the effect of any + previous call to 'rl_execute_next()'. This works only if the + pending input has not already been read with 'rl_read_key()'. + + -- Function: int rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout (int u) + While waiting for keyboard input in 'rl_read_key()', Readline will + wait for U microseconds for input before calling any function + assigned to 'rl_event_hook'. U must be greater than or equal to + zero (a zero-length timeout is equivalent to a poll). The default + waiting period is one-tenth of a second. Returns the old timeout + value. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Terminal Management, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Character Input, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.9 Terminal Management +------------------------- + + -- Function: void rl_prep_terminal (int meta_flag) + Modify the terminal settings for Readline's use, so 'readline()' + can read a single character at a time from the keyboard. The + META_FLAG argument should be non-zero if Readline should read + eight-bit input. + + -- Function: void rl_deprep_terminal (void) + Undo the effects of 'rl_prep_terminal()', leaving the terminal in + the state in which it was before the most recent call to + 'rl_prep_terminal()'. + + -- Function: void rl_tty_set_default_bindings (Keymap kmap) + Read the operating system's terminal editing characters (as would + be displayed by 'stty') to their Readline equivalents. The + bindings are performed in KMAP. + + -- Function: void rl_tty_unset_default_bindings (Keymap kmap) + Reset the bindings manipulated by 'rl_tty_set_default_bindings' so + that the terminal editing characters are bound to 'rl_insert'. The + bindings are performed in KMAP. + + -- Function: int rl_tty_set_echoing (int value) + Set Readline's idea of whether or not it is echoing output to its + output stream (RL_OUTSTREAM). If VALUE is 0, Readline does not + display output to RL_OUTSTREAM; any other value enables output. + The initial value is set when Readline initializes the terminal + settings. This function returns the previous value. + + -- Function: int rl_reset_terminal (const char *terminal_name) + Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using + TERMINAL_NAME as the terminal type (e.g., 'vt100'). If + TERMINAL_NAME is 'NULL', the value of the 'TERM' environment + variable is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Utility Functions, Next: Miscellaneous Functions, Prev: Terminal Management, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.10 Utility Functions +------------------------ + + -- Function: int rl_save_state (struct readline_state *sp) + Save a snapshot of Readline's internal state to SP. The contents + of the READLINE_STATE structure are documented in 'readline.h'. + The caller is responsible for allocating the structure. + + -- Function: int rl_restore_state (struct readline_state *sp) + Restore Readline's internal state to that stored in SP, which must + have been saved by a call to 'rl_save_state'. The contents of the + READLINE_STATE structure are documented in 'readline.h'. The + caller is responsible for freeing the structure. + + -- Function: void rl_free (void *mem) + Deallocate the memory pointed to by MEM. MEM must have been + allocated by 'malloc'. + + -- Function: void rl_replace_line (const char *text, int clear_undo) + Replace the contents of 'rl_line_buffer' with TEXT. The point and + mark are preserved, if possible. If CLEAR_UNDO is non-zero, the + undo list associated with the current line is cleared. + + -- Function: void rl_extend_line_buffer (int len) + Ensure that 'rl_line_buffer' has enough space to hold LEN + characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary. + + -- Function: int rl_initialize (void) + Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. It's not + strictly necessary to call this; 'readline()' calls it before + reading any input. + + -- Function: int rl_ding (void) + Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of 'bell-style'. + + -- Function: int rl_alphabetic (int c) + Return 1 if C is an alphabetic character. + + -- Function: void rl_display_match_list (char **matches, int len, int + max) + A convenience function for displaying a list of strings in columnar + format on Readline's output stream. 'matches' is the list of + strings, in argv format, such as a list of completion matches. + 'len' is the number of strings in 'matches', and 'max' is the + length of the longest string in 'matches'. This function uses the + setting of 'print-completions-horizontally' to select how the + matches are displayed (*note Readline Init File Syntax::). When + displaying completions, this function sets the number of columns + used for display to the value of 'completion-display-width', the + value of the environment variable 'COLUMNS', or the screen width, + in that order. + + The following are implemented as macros, defined in 'chardefs.h'. +Applications should refrain from using them. + + -- Function: int _rl_uppercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is an uppercase alphabetic character. + + -- Function: int _rl_lowercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a lowercase alphabetic character. + + -- Function: int _rl_digit_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a numeric character. + + -- Function: int _rl_to_upper (int c) + If C is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + uppercase character. + + -- Function: int _rl_to_lower (int c) + If C is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + lowercase character. + + -- Function: int _rl_digit_value (int c) + If C is a number, return the value it represents. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Miscellaneous Functions, Next: Alternate Interface, Prev: Utility Functions, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.11 Miscellaneous Functions +------------------------------ + + -- Function: int rl_macro_bind (const char *keyseq, const char *macro, + Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence KEYSEQ to invoke the macro MACRO. The + binding is performed in MAP. When KEYSEQ is invoked, the MACRO + will be inserted into the line. This function is deprecated; use + 'rl_generic_bind()' instead. + + -- Function: void rl_macro_dumper (int readable) + Print the key sequences bound to macros and their values, using the + current keymap, to 'rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the + list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + 'inputrc' file and re-read. + + -- Function: int rl_variable_bind (const char *variable, const char + *value) + Make the Readline variable VARIABLE have VALUE. This behaves as if + the readline command 'set VARIABLE VALUE' had been executed in an + 'inputrc' file (*note Readline Init File Syntax::). + + -- Function: char * rl_variable_value (const char *variable) + Return a string representing the value of the Readline variable + VARIABLE. For boolean variables, this string is either 'on' or + 'off'. + + -- Function: void rl_variable_dumper (int readable) + Print the readline variable names and their current values to + 'rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the list is formatted in + such a way that it can be made part of an 'inputrc' file and + re-read. + + -- Function: int rl_set_paren_blink_timeout (int u) + Set the time interval (in microseconds) that Readline waits when + showing a balancing character when 'blink-matching-paren' has been + enabled. + + -- Function: char * rl_get_termcap (const char *cap) + Retrieve the string value of the termcap capability CAP. Readline + fetches the termcap entry for the current terminal name and uses + those capabilities to move around the screen line and perform other + terminal-specific operations, like erasing a line. Readline does + not use all of a terminal's capabilities, and this function will + return values for only those capabilities Readline uses. + + -- Function: void rl_clear_history (void) + Clear the history list by deleting all of the entries, in the same + manner as the History library's 'clear_history()' function. This + differs from 'clear_history' because it frees private data Readline + saves in the history list. + + -- Function: void rl_activate_mark (void) + Enable an _active_ mark. When this is enabled, the text between + point and mark (the REGION) is displayed in the terminal's standout + mode (a FACE). This is called by various readline functions that + set the mark and insert text, and is available for applications to + call. + + -- Function: void rl_deactivate_mark (void) + Turn off the active mark. + + -- Function: void rl_keep_mark_active (void) + Indicate that the mark should remain active when the current + readline function completes and after redisplay occurs. In most + cases, the mark remains active for only the duration of a single + bindable readline function. + + -- Function: int rl_mark_active_p (void) + Return a non-zero value if the mark is currently active; zero + otherwise. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Alternate Interface, Next: A Readline Example, Prev: Miscellaneous Functions, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.12 Alternate Interface +-------------------------- + +An alternate interface is available to plain 'readline()'. Some +applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or +window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to 'select()' on +various file descriptors. To accommodate this need, readline can also +be invoked as a 'callback' function from an event loop. There are +functions available to make this easy. + + -- Function: void rl_callback_handler_install (const char *prompt, + rl_vcpfunc_t *lhandler) + Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial + expanded value of PROMPT. Save the value of LHANDLER to use as a + handler function to call when a complete line of input has been + entered. The handler function receives the text of the line as an + argument. As with 'readline()', the handler function should 'free' + the line when it it finished with it. + + -- Function: void rl_callback_read_char (void) + Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is + available, it should call 'rl_callback_read_char()', which will + read the next character from the current input source. If that + character completes the line, 'rl_callback_read_char' will invoke + the LHANDLER function installed by 'rl_callback_handler_install' to + process the line. Before calling the LHANDLER function, the + terminal settings are reset to the values they had before calling + 'rl_callback_handler_install'. If the LHANDLER function returns, + and the line handler remains installed, the terminal settings are + modified for Readline's use again. 'EOF' is indicated by calling + LHANDLER with a 'NULL' line. + + -- Function: void rl_callback_sigcleanup (void) + Clean up any internal state the callback interface uses to maintain + state between calls to rl_callback_read_char (e.g., the state of + any active incremental searches). This is intended to be used by + applications that wish to perform their own signal handling; + Readline's internal signal handler calls this when appropriate. + + -- Function: void rl_callback_handler_remove (void) + Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line + handler. You may call this function from within a callback as well + as independently. If the LHANDLER installed by + 'rl_callback_handler_install' does not exit the program, either + this function or the function referred to by the value of + 'rl_deprep_term_function' should be called before the program exits + to reset the terminal settings. + + +File: readline.info, Node: A Readline Example, Next: Alternate Interface Example, Prev: Alternate Interface, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.13 A Readline Example +------------------------- + +Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their uppercase +equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this function +was bound to 'M-c', then typing 'M-c' would change the case of the +character under point. Typing 'M-1 0 M-c' would change the case of the +following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character +changed. + + /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ + int + invert_case_line (count, key) + int count, key; + { + register int start, end, i; + + start = rl_point; + + if (rl_point >= rl_end) + return (0); + + if (count < 0) + { + direction = -1; + count = -count; + } + else + direction = 1; + + /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ + end = start + (count * direction); + + /* Force it to be within range. */ + if (end > rl_end) + end = rl_end; + else if (end < 0) + end = 0; + + if (start == end) + return (0); + + if (start > end) + { + int temp = start; + start = end; + end = temp; + } + + /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, + so it will save the undo information. */ + rl_modifying (start, end); + + for (i = start; i != end; i++) + { + if (_rl_uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); + else if (_rl_lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); + } + /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ + rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; + return (0); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Alternate Interface Example, Prev: A Readline Example, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +2.4.14 Alternate Interface Example +---------------------------------- + +Here is a complete program that illustrates Readline's alternate +interface. It reads lines from the terminal and displays them, +providing the standard history and TAB completion functions. It +understands the EOF character or "exit" to exit the program. + + /* Standard include files. stdio.h is required. */ + #include <stdlib.h> + #include <string.h> + #include <unistd.h> + #include <locale.h> + + /* Used for select(2) */ + #include <sys/types.h> + #include <sys/select.h> + + #include <signal.h> + + #include <stdio.h> + + /* Standard readline include files. */ + #include <readline/readline.h> + #include <readline/history.h> + + static void cb_linehandler (char *); + static void sighandler (int); + + int running; + int sigwinch_received; + const char *prompt = "rltest$ "; + + /* Handle SIGWINCH and window size changes when readline is not active and + reading a character. */ + static void + sighandler (int sig) + { + sigwinch_received = 1; + } + + /* Callback function called for each line when accept-line executed, EOF + seen, or EOF character read. This sets a flag and returns; it could + also call exit(3). */ + static void + cb_linehandler (char *line) + { + /* Can use ^D (stty eof) or `exit' to exit. */ + if (line == NULL || strcmp (line, "exit") == 0) + { + if (line == 0) + printf ("\n"); + printf ("exit\n"); + /* This function needs to be called to reset the terminal settings, + and calling it from the line handler keeps one extra prompt from + being displayed. */ + rl_callback_handler_remove (); + + running = 0; + } + else + { + if (*line) + add_history (line); + printf ("input line: %s\n", line); + free (line); + } + } + + int + main (int c, char **v) + { + fd_set fds; + int r; + + /* Set the default locale values according to environment variables. */ + setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); + + /* Handle window size changes when readline is not active and reading + characters. */ + signal (SIGWINCH, sighandler); + + /* Install the line handler. */ + rl_callback_handler_install (prompt, cb_linehandler); + + /* Enter a simple event loop. This waits until something is available + to read on readline's input stream (defaults to standard input) and + calls the builtin character read callback to read it. It does not + have to modify the user's terminal settings. */ + running = 1; + while (running) + { + FD_ZERO (&fds); + FD_SET (fileno (rl_instream), &fds); + + r = select (FD_SETSIZE, &fds, NULL, NULL, NULL); + if (r < 0 && errno != EINTR) + { + perror ("rltest: select"); + rl_callback_handler_remove (); + break; + } + if (sigwinch_received) + { + rl_resize_terminal (); + sigwinch_received = 0; + } + if (r < 0) + continue; + + if (FD_ISSET (fileno (rl_instream), &fds)) + rl_callback_read_char (); + } + + printf ("rltest: Event loop has exited\n"); + return 0; + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Signal Handling, Next: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Convenience Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.5 Readline Signal Handling +============================ + +Signals are asynchronous events sent to a process by the Unix kernel, +sometimes on behalf of another process. They are intended to indicate +exceptional events, like a user pressing the interrupt key on his +terminal, or a network connection being broken. There is a class of +signals that can be sent to the process currently reading input from the +keyboard. Since Readline changes the terminal attributes when it is +called, it needs to perform special processing when such a signal is +received in order to restore the terminal to a sane state, or provide +application writers with functions to do so manually. + + Readline contains an internal signal handler that is installed for a +number of signals ('SIGINT', 'SIGQUIT', 'SIGTERM', 'SIGHUP', 'SIGALRM', +'SIGTSTP', 'SIGTTIN', and 'SIGTTOU'). When one of these signals is +received, the signal handler will reset the terminal attributes to those +that were in effect before 'readline()' was called, reset the signal +handling to what it was before 'readline()' was called, and resend the +signal to the calling application. If and when the calling +application's signal handler returns, Readline will reinitialize the +terminal and continue to accept input. When a 'SIGINT' is received, the +Readline signal handler performs some additional work, which will cause +any partially-entered line to be aborted (see the description of +'rl_free_line_state()' below). + + There is an additional Readline signal handler, for 'SIGWINCH', which +the kernel sends to a process whenever the terminal's size changes (for +example, if a user resizes an 'xterm'). The Readline 'SIGWINCH' handler +updates Readline's internal screen size information, and then calls any +'SIGWINCH' signal handler the calling application has installed. +Readline calls the application's 'SIGWINCH' signal handler without +resetting the terminal to its original state. If the application's +signal handler does more than update its idea of the terminal size and +return (for example, a 'longjmp' back to a main processing loop), it +_must_ call 'rl_cleanup_after_signal()' (described below), to restore +the terminal state. + + When an application is using the callback interface (*note Alternate +Interface::), Readline installs signal handlers only for the duration of +the call to 'rl_callback_read_char'. Applications using the callback +interface should be prepared to clean up Readline's state if they wish +to handle the signal before the line handler completes and restores the +terminal state. + + If an application using the callback interface wishes to have +Readline install its signal handlers at the time the application calls +'rl_callback_handler_install' and remove them only when a complete line +of input has been read, it should set the +'rl_persistent_signal_handlers' variable to a non-zero value. This +allows an application to defer all of the handling of the signals +Readline catches to Readline. Applications should use this variable +with care; it can result in Readline catching signals and not acting on +them (or allowing the application to react to them) until the +application calls 'rl_callback_read_char'. This can result in an +application becoming less responsive to keyboard signals like SIGINT. If +an application does not want or need to perform any signal handling, or +does not need to do any processing between calls to +'rl_callback_read_char', setting this variable may be desirable. + + Readline provides two variables that allow application writers to +control whether or not it will catch certain signals and act on them +when they are received. It is important that applications change the +values of these variables only when calling 'readline()', not in a +signal handler, so Readline's internal signal state is not corrupted. + + -- Variable: int rl_catch_signals + If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install signal handlers + for 'SIGINT', 'SIGQUIT', 'SIGTERM', 'SIGHUP', 'SIGALRM', 'SIGTSTP', + 'SIGTTIN', and 'SIGTTOU'. + + The default value of 'rl_catch_signals' is 1. + + -- Variable: int rl_catch_sigwinch + If this variable is set to a non-zero value, Readline will install + a signal handler for 'SIGWINCH'. + + The default value of 'rl_catch_sigwinch' is 1. + + -- Variable: int rl_persistent_signal_handlers + If an application using the callback interface wishes Readline's + signal handlers to be installed and active during the set of calls + to 'rl_callback_read_char' that constitutes an entire single line, + it should set this variable to a non-zero value. + + The default value of 'rl_persistent_signal_handlers' is 0. + + -- Variable: int rl_change_environment + If this variable is set to a non-zero value, and Readline is + handling 'SIGWINCH', Readline will modify the LINES and COLUMNS + environment variables upon receipt of a 'SIGWINCH' + + The default value of 'rl_change_environment' is 1. + + If an application does not wish to have Readline catch any signals, +or to handle signals other than those Readline catches ('SIGHUP', for +example), Readline provides convenience functions to do the necessary +terminal and internal state cleanup upon receipt of a signal. + + -- Function: int rl_pending_signal (void) + Return the signal number of the most recent signal Readline + received but has not yet handled, or 0 if there is no pending + signal. + + -- Function: void rl_cleanup_after_signal (void) + This function will reset the state of the terminal to what it was + before 'readline()' was called, and remove the Readline signal + handlers for all signals, depending on the values of + 'rl_catch_signals' and 'rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + -- Function: void rl_free_line_state (void) + This will free any partial state associated with the current input + line (undo information, any partial history entry, any + partially-entered keyboard macro, and any partially-entered numeric + argument). This should be called before + 'rl_cleanup_after_signal()'. The Readline signal handler for + 'SIGINT' calls this to abort the current input line. + + -- Function: void rl_reset_after_signal (void) + This will reinitialize the terminal and reinstall any Readline + signal handlers, depending on the values of 'rl_catch_signals' and + 'rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + If an application wants to force Readline to handle any signals that +have arrived while it has been executing, 'rl_check_signals()' will call +Readline's internal signal handler if there are any pending signals. +This is primarily intended for those applications that use a custom +'rl_getc_function' (*note Readline Variables::) and wish to handle +signals received while waiting for input. + + -- Function: void rl_check_signals (void) + If there are any pending signals, call Readline's internal signal + handling functions to process them. 'rl_pending_signal()' can be + used independently to determine whether or not there are any + pending signals. + + If an application does not wish Readline to catch 'SIGWINCH', it may +call 'rl_resize_terminal()' or 'rl_set_screen_size()' to force Readline +to update its idea of the terminal size when it receives a 'SIGWINCH'. + + -- Function: void rl_echo_signal_char (int sig) + If an application wishes to install its own signal handlers, but + still have readline display characters that generate signals, + calling this function with SIG set to 'SIGINT', 'SIGQUIT', or + 'SIGTSTP' will display the character generating that signal. + + -- Function: void rl_resize_terminal (void) + Update Readline's internal screen size by reading values from the + kernel. + + -- Function: void rl_set_screen_size (int rows, int cols) + Set Readline's idea of the terminal size to ROWS rows and COLS + columns. If either ROWS or COLUMNS is less than or equal to 0, + Readline's idea of that terminal dimension is unchanged. This is + intended to tell Readline the physical dimensions of the terminal, + and is used internally to calculate the maximum number of + characters that may appear on a single line and on the screen. + + If an application does not want to install a 'SIGWINCH' handler, but +is still interested in the screen dimensions, it may query Readline's +idea of the screen size. + + -- Function: void rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *cols) + Return Readline's idea of the terminal's size in the variables + pointed to by the arguments. + + -- Function: void rl_reset_screen_size (void) + Cause Readline to reobtain the screen size and recalculate its + dimensions. + + The following functions install and remove Readline's signal +handlers. + + -- Function: int rl_set_signals (void) + Install Readline's signal handler for 'SIGINT', 'SIGQUIT', + 'SIGTERM', 'SIGHUP', 'SIGALRM', 'SIGTSTP', 'SIGTTIN', 'SIGTTOU', + and 'SIGWINCH', depending on the values of 'rl_catch_signals' and + 'rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + -- Function: int rl_clear_signals (void) + Remove all of the Readline signal handlers installed by + 'rl_set_signals()'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Signal Handling, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +2.6 Custom Completers +===================== + +Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of +disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then +it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following +sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide +this service. + +* Menu: + +* How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion. +* Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline. +* Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion. +* A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: How Completing Works, Next: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +2.6.1 How Completing Works +-------------------------- + +In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions +must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a +partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense +in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to +completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename +and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your +own completion function. This section describes exactly what such +functions must do, and provides an example. + + There are three major functions used to perform completion: + + 1. The user-interface function 'rl_complete()'. This function is + called with the same arguments as other bindable Readline + functions: COUNT and INVOKING_KEY. It isolates the word to be + completed and calls 'rl_completion_matches()' to generate a list of + possible completions. It then either lists the possible + completions, inserts the possible completions, or actually performs + the completion, depending on which behavior is desired. + + 2. The internal function 'rl_completion_matches()' uses an + application-supplied "generator" function to generate the list of + possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches. The + caller should place the address of its generator function in + 'rl_completion_entry_function'. + + 3. The generator function is called repeatedly from + 'rl_completion_matches()', returning a string each time. The + arguments to the generator function are TEXT and STATE. TEXT is + the partial word to be completed. STATE is zero the first time the + function is called, allowing the generator to perform any necessary + initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each subsequent + call. The generator function returns '(char *)NULL' to inform + 'rl_completion_matches()' that there are no more possibilities + left. Usually the generator function computes the list of possible + completions when STATE is zero, and returns them one at a time on + subsequent calls. Each string the generator function returns as a + match must be allocated with 'malloc()'; Readline frees the strings + when it has finished with them. Such a generator function is + referred to as an "application-specific completion function". + + -- Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see 'rl_completion_matches()'). The default is to do filename + completion. + + -- Variable: rl_compentry_func_t * rl_completion_entry_function + This is a pointer to the generator function for + 'rl_completion_matches()'. If the value of + 'rl_completion_entry_function' is 'NULL' then the default filename + generator function, 'rl_filename_completion_function()', is used. + An "application-specific completion function" is a function whose + address is assigned to 'rl_completion_entry_function' and whose + return values are used to generate possible completions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Functions, Next: Completion Variables, Prev: How Completing Works, Up: Custom Completers + +2.6.2 Completion Functions +-------------------------- + +Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in +Readline. + + -- Function: int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do) + Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do + with the completion. A value of '?' means list the possible + completions. 'TAB' means do standard completion. '*' means insert + all of the possible completions. '!' means to display all of the + possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as + performing partial completion. '@' is similar to '!', but possible + completions are not listed if the possible completions share a + common prefix. + + -- Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see 'rl_completion_matches()' and 'rl_completion_entry_function'). + The default is to do filename completion. This calls + 'rl_complete_internal()' with an argument depending on + INVOKING_KEY. + + -- Function: int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key) + List the possible completions. See description of 'rl_complete + ()'. This calls 'rl_complete_internal()' with an argument of '?'. + + -- Function: int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key) + Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the + partially-completed word. See description of 'rl_complete()'. + This calls 'rl_complete_internal()' with an argument of '*'. + + -- Function: int rl_completion_mode (rl_command_func_t *cfunc) + Returns the appropriate value to pass to 'rl_complete_internal()' + depending on whether CFUNC was called twice in succession and the + values of the 'show-all-if-ambiguous' and 'show-all-if-unmodified' + variables. Application-specific completion functions may use this + function to present the same interface as 'rl_complete()'. + + -- Function: char ** rl_completion_matches (const char *text, + rl_compentry_func_t *entry_func) + Returns an array of strings which is a list of completions for + TEXT. If there are no completions, returns 'NULL'. The first + entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT. The + remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is + terminated with a 'NULL' pointer. + + ENTRY_FUNC is a function of two args, and returns a 'char *'. The + first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it is zero + on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. ENTRY_FUNC + returns a 'NULL' pointer to the caller when there are no more + matches. + + -- Function: char * rl_filename_completion_function (const char *text, + int state) + A generator function for filename completion in the general case. + TEXT is a partial filename. The Bash source is a useful reference + for writing application-specific completion functions (the Bash + completion functions call this and other Readline functions). + + -- Function: char * rl_username_completion_function (const char *text, + int state) + A completion generator for usernames. TEXT contains a partial + username preceded by a random character (usually '~'). As with all + completion generators, STATE is zero on the first call and non-zero + for subsequent calls. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Variables, Next: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +2.6.3 Completion Variables +-------------------------- + + -- Variable: rl_compentry_func_t * rl_completion_entry_function + A pointer to the generator function for 'rl_completion_matches()'. + 'NULL' means to use 'rl_filename_completion_function()', the + default filename completer. + + -- Variable: rl_completion_func_t * rl_attempted_completion_function + A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The + function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are + indices in 'rl_line_buffer' defining the boundaries of TEXT, which + is a character string. If this function exists and returns 'NULL', + or if this variable is set to 'NULL', then 'rl_complete()' will + call the value of 'rl_completion_entry_function' to generate + matches, otherwise the array of strings returned will be used. If + this function sets the 'rl_attempted_completion_over' variable to a + non-zero value, Readline will not perform its default completion + even if this function returns no matches. + + -- Variable: rl_quote_func_t * rl_filename_quoting_function + A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an + application-specific fashion. This is called if filename + completion is being attempted and one of the characters in + 'rl_filename_quote_characters' appears in a completed filename. + The function is called with TEXT, MATCH_TYPE, and QUOTE_POINTER. + The TEXT is the filename to be quoted. The MATCH_TYPE is either + 'SINGLE_MATCH', if there is only one completion match, or + 'MULT_MATCH'. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to + insert a closing quote character. The QUOTE_POINTER is a pointer + to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions + choose to reset this character. + + -- Variable: rl_dequote_func_t * rl_filename_dequoting_function + A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific + quoting characters from a filename before completion is attempted, + so those characters do not interfere with matching the text against + names in the filesystem. It is called with TEXT, the text of the + word to be dequoted, and QUOTE_CHAR, which is the quoting character + that delimits the filename (usually ''' or '"'). If QUOTE_CHAR is + zero, the filename was not in an embedded string. + + -- Variable: rl_linebuf_func_t * rl_char_is_quoted_p + A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a + specific character in the line buffer is quoted, according to + whatever quoting mechanism the program calling Readline uses. The + function is called with two arguments: TEXT, the text of the line, + and INDEX, the index of the character in the line. It is used to + decide whether a character found in + 'rl_completer_word_break_characters' should be used to break words + for the completer. + + -- Variable: rl_compignore_func_t * rl_ignore_some_completions_function + This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real + filename completion is done, after all the matching names have been + generated. It is passed a 'NULL' terminated array of matches. The + first element ('matches[0]') is the maximal substring common to all + matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches as + required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed. + + -- Variable: rl_icppfunc_t * rl_directory_completion_hook + This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory + portion of filenames Readline completes. It could be used to + expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. It is + called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as + an argument, and may modify that string. If the string is replaced + with a new string, the old value should be freed. Any modified + directory name should have a trailing slash. The modified value + will be used as part of the completion, replacing the directory + portion of the pathname the user typed. At the least, even if no + other expansion is performed, this function should remove any quote + characters from the directory name, because its result will be + passed directly to 'opendir()'. + + The directory completion hook returns an integer that should be + non-zero if the function modifies its directory argument. The + function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0. + + -- Variable: rl_icppfunc_t * rl_directory_rewrite_hook; + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when + completing a directory name. This function takes the address of + the directory name to be modified as an argument. Unlike + 'rl_directory_completion_hook', it only modifies the directory name + used in 'opendir', not what is displayed when the possible + completions are printed or inserted. It is called before + rl_directory_completion_hook. At the least, even if no other + expansion is performed, this function should remove any quote + characters from the directory name, because its result will be + passed directly to 'opendir()'. + + The directory rewrite hook returns an integer that should be + non-zero if the function modifies its directory argument. The + function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0. + + -- Variable: rl_icppfunc_t * rl_filename_stat_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function for the completer to + call before deciding which character to append to a completed name. + This function modifies its filename name argument, and the modified + value is passed to 'stat()' to determine the file's type and + characteristics. This function does not need to remove quote + characters from the filename. + + The stat hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if the + function modifies its directory argument. The function should not + modify the directory argument if it returns 0. + + -- Variable: rl_dequote_func_t * rl_filename_rewrite_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function called when reading + directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing + them to the partial word to be completed. The function should + perform any necessary application or system-specific conversion on + the filename, such as converting between character sets or + converting from a filesystem format to a character input format. + The function takes two arguments: FNAME, the filename to be + converted, and FNLEN, its length in bytes. It must either return + its first argument (if no conversion takes place) or the converted + filename in newly-allocated memory. The converted form is used to + compare against the word to be completed, and, if it matches, is + added to the list of matches. Readline will free the allocated + string. + + -- Variable: rl_compdisp_func_t * rl_completion_display_matches_hook + If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when + completing a word would normally display the list of possible + matches. This function is called in lieu of Readline displaying + the list. It takes three arguments: ('char **'MATCHES, 'int' + NUM_MATCHES, 'int' MAX_LENGTH) where MATCHES is the array of + matching strings, NUM_MATCHES is the number of strings in that + array, and MAX_LENGTH is the length of the longest string in that + array. Readline provides a convenience function, + 'rl_display_match_list', that takes care of doing the display to + Readline's output stream. You may call that function from this + hook. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_basic_word_break_characters + The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for + the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the + characters which break words for completion in Bash: '" + \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("'. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_basic_quote_characters + A list of quote characters which can cause a word break. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_completer_word_break_characters + The list of characters that signal a break between words for + 'rl_complete_internal()'. The default list is the value of + 'rl_basic_word_break_characters'. + + -- Variable: rl_cpvfunc_t * rl_completion_word_break_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when + Readline is deciding where to separate words for word completion. + It should return a character string like + 'rl_completer_word_break_characters' to be used to perform the + current completion. The function may choose to set + 'rl_completer_word_break_characters' itself. If the function + returns 'NULL', 'rl_completer_word_break_characters' is used. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_completer_quote_characters + A list of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the + line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the + substring 'rl_completer_word_break_characters' are treated as any + other character, unless they also appear within this list. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_filename_quote_characters + A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the + completer when they appear in a completed filename. The default is + the null string. + + -- Variable: const char * rl_special_prefixes + The list of characters that are word break characters, but should + be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. + Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to + do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can + complete shell variables and hostnames. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_query_items + Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a + possible-completions call. After that, readline asks the user if + she is sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. + A negative value indicates that Readline should never ask the user. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_append_character + When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the + command line, this character is appended to the inserted completion + text. The default is a space character (' '). Setting this to the + null character ('\0') prevents anything being appended + automatically. This can be changed in application-specific + completion functions to provide the "most sensible word separator + character" according to an application-specific command line syntax + specification. It is set to the default before any + application-specific completion function is called, and may only be + changed within such a function. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_suppress_append + If non-zero, RL_COMPLETION_APPEND_CHARACTER is not appended to + matches at the end of the command line, as described above. It is + set to 0 before any application-specific completion function is + called, and may only be changed within such a function. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_quote_character + When Readline is completing quoted text, as delimited by one of the + characters in RL_COMPLETER_QUOTE_CHARACTERS, it sets this variable + to the quoting character found. This is set before any + application-specific completion function is called. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_suppress_quote + If non-zero, Readline does not append a matching quote character + when performing completion on a quoted string. It is set to 0 + before any application-specific completion function is called, and + may only be changed within such a function. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_found_quote + When Readline is completing quoted text, it sets this variable to a + non-zero value if the word being completed contains or is delimited + by any quoting characters, including backslashes. This is set + before any application-specific completion function is called. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs + If non-zero, a slash will be appended to completed filenames that + are symbolic links to directory names, subject to the value of the + user-settable MARK-DIRECTORIES variable. This variable exists so + that application-specific completion functions can override the + user's global preference (set via the MARK-SYMLINKED-DIRECTORIES + Readline variable) if appropriate. This variable is set to the + user's preference before any application-specific completion + function is called, so unless that function modifies the value, the + user's preferences are honored. + + -- Variable: int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates + If non-zero, then duplicates in the matches are removed. The + default is 1. + + -- Variable: int rl_filename_completion_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as + filenames. This is _always_ zero when completion is attempted, and + can only be changed within an application-specific completion + function. If it is set to a non-zero value by such a function, + directory names have a slash appended and Readline attempts to + quote completed filenames if they contain any characters in + 'rl_filename_quote_characters' and 'rl_filename_quoting_desired' is + set to a non-zero value. + + -- Variable: int rl_filename_quoting_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted + using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) + if the completed filename contains any characters in + 'rl_filename_quote_chars'. This is _always_ non-zero when + completion is attempted, and can only be changed within an + application-specific completion function. The quoting is effected + via a call to the function pointed to by + 'rl_filename_quoting_function'. + + -- Variable: int rl_attempted_completion_over + If an application-specific completion function assigned to + 'rl_attempted_completion_function' sets this variable to a non-zero + value, Readline will not perform its default filename completion + even if the application's completion function returns no matches. + It should be set only by an application's completion function. + + -- Variable: int rl_sort_completion_matches + If an application sets this variable to 0, Readline will not sort + the list of completions (which implies that it cannot remove any + duplicate completions). The default value is 1, which means that + Readline will sort the completions and, depending on the value of + 'rl_ignore_completion_duplicates', will attempt to remove duplicate + matches. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_type + Set to a character describing the type of completion Readline is + currently attempting; see the description of + 'rl_complete_internal()' (*note Completion Functions::) for the + list of characters. This is set to the appropriate value before + any application-specific completion function is called, allowing + such functions to present the same interface as 'rl_complete()'. + + -- Variable: int rl_completion_invoking_key + Set to the final character in the key sequence that invoked one of + the completion functions that call 'rl_complete_internal()'. This + is set to the appropriate value before any application-specific + completion function is called. + + -- Variable: int rl_inhibit_completion + If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibited. The + completion character will be inserted as any other bound to + 'self-insert'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Variables, Up: Custom Completers + +2.6.4 A Short Completion Example +-------------------------------- + +Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline +library. It is called 'fileman', and the source code resides in +'examples/fileman.c'. This sample application provides completion of +command names, line editing features, and access to the history list. + + /* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the + GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users + to manipulate files and their modes. */ + + #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H + # include <config.h> + #endif + + #include <sys/types.h> + #ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H + # include <sys/file.h> + #endif + #include <sys/stat.h> + + #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H + # include <unistd.h> + #endif + + #include <fcntl.h> + #include <stdio.h> + #include <errno.h> + + #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) + # include <string.h> + #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ + # include <strings.h> + #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ + + #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H + # include <stdlib.h> + #endif + + #include <time.h> + + #include <readline/readline.h> + #include <readline/history.h> + + extern char *xmalloc PARAMS((size_t)); + + /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ + int com_list PARAMS((char *)); + int com_view PARAMS((char *)); + int com_rename PARAMS((char *)); + int com_stat PARAMS((char *)); + int com_pwd PARAMS((char *)); + int com_delete PARAMS((char *)); + int com_help PARAMS((char *)); + int com_cd PARAMS((char *)); + int com_quit PARAMS((char *)); + + /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program + can understand. */ + + typedef struct { + char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ + rl_icpfunc_t *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ + char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ + } COMMAND; + + COMMAND commands[] = { + { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, + { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, + { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, + { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, + { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, + { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, + { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, + { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, + { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, + { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, + { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, + { (char *)NULL, (rl_icpfunc_t *)NULL, (char *)NULL } + }; + + /* Forward declarations. */ + char *stripwhite (); + COMMAND *find_command (); + + /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ + char *progname; + + /* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */ + int done; + + char * + dupstr (s) + char *s; + { + char *r; + + r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); + strcpy (r, s); + return (r); + } + + main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; + { + char *line, *s; + + progname = argv[0]; + + initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ + + /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ + for ( ; done == 0; ) + { + line = readline ("FileMan: "); + + if (!line) + break; + + /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. + Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list + and execute it. */ + s = stripwhite (line); + + if (*s) + { + add_history (s); + execute_line (s); + } + + free (line); + } + exit (0); + } + + /* Execute a command line. */ + int + execute_line (line) + char *line; + { + register int i; + COMMAND *command; + char *word; + + /* Isolate the command word. */ + i = 0; + while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + word = line + i; + + while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + if (line[i]) + line[i++] = '\0'; + + command = find_command (word); + + if (!command) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); + return (-1); + } + + /* Get argument to command, if any. */ + while (whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + word = line + i; + + /* Call the function. */ + return ((*(command->func)) (word)); + } + + /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that + command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ + COMMAND * + find_command (name) + char *name; + { + register int i; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) + return (&commands[i]); + + return ((COMMAND *)NULL); + } + + /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer + into STRING. */ + char * + stripwhite (string) + char *string; + { + register char *s, *t; + + for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) + ; + + if (*s == 0) + return (s); + + t = s + strlen (s) - 1; + while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) + t--; + *++t = '\0'; + + return s; + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* Interface to Readline Completion */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + char *command_generator PARAMS((const char *, int)); + char **fileman_completion PARAMS((const char *, int, int)); + + /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete + on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames + if not. */ + initialize_readline () + { + /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ + rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; + + /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ + rl_attempted_completion_function = fileman_completion; + } + + /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END bound the + region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to complete. TEXT is + the word to complete. We can use the entire contents of rl_line_buffer + in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches, + or NULL if there aren't any. */ + char ** + fileman_completion (text, start, end) + const char *text; + int start, end; + { + char **matches; + + matches = (char **)NULL; + + /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command + to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current + directory. */ + if (start == 0) + matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_generator); + + return (matches); + } + + /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether + to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we + start at the top of the list. */ + char * + command_generator (text, state) + const char *text; + int state; + { + static int list_index, len; + char *name; + + /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes + saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index + variable to 0. */ + if (!state) + { + list_index = 0; + len = strlen (text); + } + + /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */ + while (name = commands[list_index].name) + { + list_index++; + + if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) + return (dupstr(name)); + } + + /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* FileMan Commands */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME + commands. */ + static char syscom[1024]; + + /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ + com_list (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!arg) + arg = ""; + + sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_view (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) + return 1; + + #if defined (__MSDOS__) + /* more.com doesn't grok slashes in pathnames */ + sprintf (syscom, "less %s", arg); + #else + sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + #endif + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_rename (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("rename"); + return (1); + } + + com_stat (arg) + char *arg; + { + struct stat finfo; + + if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) + return (1); + + if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return (1); + } + + printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); + + printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", + arg, + finfo.st_nlink, + (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", + finfo.st_size, + (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); + printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); + printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); + printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); + return (0); + } + + com_delete (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("delete"); + return (1); + } + + /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is + not present. */ + com_help (arg) + char *arg; + { + register int i; + int printed = 0; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) + { + printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); + printed++; + } + } + + if (!printed) + { + printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilities are:\n", arg); + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + /* Print in six columns. */ + if (printed == 6) + { + printed = 0; + printf ("\n"); + } + + printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); + printed++; + } + + if (printed) + printf ("\n"); + } + return (0); + } + + /* Change to the directory ARG. */ + com_cd (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (chdir (arg) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return 1; + } + + com_pwd (""); + return (0); + } + + /* Print out the current working directory. */ + com_pwd (ignore) + char *ignore; + { + char dir[1024], *s; + + s = getcwd (dir, sizeof(dir) - 1); + if (s == 0) + { + printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); + return 1; + } + + printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); + return 0; + } + + /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */ + com_quit (arg) + char *arg; + { + done = 1; + return (0); + } + + /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ + too_dangerous (caller) + char *caller; + { + fprintf (stderr, + "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", + caller); + } + + /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print + an error message and return zero. */ + int + valid_argument (caller, arg) + char *caller, *arg; + { + if (!arg || !*arg) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); + return (0); + } + + return (1); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Programming with GNU Readline, Up: Top + +Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License +***************************************** + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + <http://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, + with or without modifying it, either commercially or + noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the + author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not + being considered responsible for modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a + free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. 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COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS + + You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other + documents released under this License, and replace the individual + copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy + that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the + rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents + in all other respects. + + You may extract a single document from such a collection, and + distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert + a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this + License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that + document. + + 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS + + A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other + separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a + storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the + copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the + legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual + works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this + License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which + are not themselves derivative works of the Document. + + If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these + copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half + of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed + on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the + electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic + form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket + the whole aggregate. + + 8. TRANSLATION + + Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may + distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section + 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special + permission from their copyright holders, but you may include + translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the + original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a + translation of this License, and all the license notices in the + Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also + include the original English version of this License and the + original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a + disagreement between the translation and the original version of + this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will + prevail. + + If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", + "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to + Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the + actual title. + + 9. TERMINATION + + You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document + except as expressly provided under this License. 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If your rights have been terminated and not + permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the + same material does not give you any rights to use it. + + 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + + The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of + the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new + versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may + differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See + <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. + + Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version + number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered + version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you + have the option of following the terms and conditions either of + that specified version or of any later version that has been + published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the + Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may + choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free + Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can + decide which future versions of this License can be used, that + proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently + authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. + + 11. RELICENSING + + "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any + World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also + provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A + public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. + A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the + site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC + site. + + "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 + license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit + corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, + California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license + published by that same organization. + + "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or + in part, as part of another Document. + + An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this + License, and if all works that were first published under this + License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently + incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover + texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior + to November 1, 2008. + + The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the + site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, + 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. + +ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents +==================================================== + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and license +notices just after the title page: + + Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being LIST. + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free +software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit +their use in free software. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top + +Concept Index +************* + + +* Menu: + +* application-specific completion functions: Custom Completers. + (line 6) +* command editing: Readline Bare Essentials. + (line 6) +* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials. + (line 6) +* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. (line 6) +* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. (line 6) +* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands. + (line 18) +* killing text: Readline Killing Commands. + (line 6) +* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials. + (line 6) +* readline, function: Basic Behavior. (line 12) +* variables, readline: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 34) +* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands. + (line 6) + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top + +Function and Variable Index +*************************** + + +* Menu: + +* _rl_digit_p: Utility Functions. (line 64) +* _rl_digit_value: Utility Functions. (line 75) +* _rl_lowercase_p: Utility Functions. (line 61) +* _rl_to_lower: Utility Functions. (line 71) +* _rl_to_upper: Utility Functions. (line 67) +* _rl_uppercase_p: Utility Functions. (line 58) +* abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 10) +* accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History. + (line 6) +* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 15) +* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 17) +* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. + (line 11) +* backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>): Commands For Killing. + (line 28) +* backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving. (line 22) +* beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History. + (line 19) +* beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving. (line 6) +* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 35) +* bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 42) +* blink-matching-paren: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 47) +* bracketed-paste-begin (): Commands For Text. (line 36) +* call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. (line 13) +* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. (line 69) +* character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 42) +* character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 47) +* clear-display (M-C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 40) +* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 45) +* colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 52) +* colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 59) +* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 65) +* complete (<TAB>): Commands For Completion. + (line 6) +* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 70) +* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 77) +* completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 82) +* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 88) +* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 95) +* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 105) +* copy-backward-word (): Commands For Killing. + (line 60) +* copy-forward-word (): Commands For Killing. + (line 65) +* copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing. + (line 56) +* delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. (line 12) +* delete-char-or-list (): Commands For Completion. + (line 39) +* delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. + (line 48) +* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6) +* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 113) +* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 14) +* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 65) +* dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 70) +* dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 82) +* dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 76) +* echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 118) +* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 123) +* emacs-editing-mode (C-e): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 88) +* emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 129) +* enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 139) +* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 147) +* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9) +* end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6) +* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. + (line 22) +* end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. (line 9) +* exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 37) +* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 158) +* forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. (line 21) +* forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. (line 12) +* forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. + (line 32) +* forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. (line 18) +* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 162) +* history-search-backward (): Commands For History. + (line 56) +* history-search-forward (): Commands For History. + (line 50) +* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 168) +* history-substring-search-backward (): Commands For History. + (line 68) +* history-substring-search-forward (): Commands For History. + (line 62) +* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 177) +* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 186) +* insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 61) +* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. + (line 18) +* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 194) +* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 201) +* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. + (line 6) +* kill-region (): Commands For Killing. + (line 52) +* kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. + (line 19) +* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. + (line 23) +* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 231) +* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 236) +* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 241) +* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion. + (line 22) +* menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion. + (line 34) +* menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 248) +* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 186) +* next-history (C-n): Commands For History. + (line 16) +* next-screen-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 33) +* non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. + (line 44) +* non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. + (line 38) +* operate-and-get-next (C-o): Commands For History. + (line 95) +* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 253) +* overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text. (line 73) +* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 259) +* possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion. + (line 11) +* prefix-meta (<ESC>): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 19) +* previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. + (line 12) +* previous-screen-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 26) +* print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17) +* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 26) +* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 6) +* readline: Basic Behavior. (line 12) +* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 49) +* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. + (line 26) +* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 269) +* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 26) +* rl_activate_mark: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 55) +* rl_add_defun: Function Naming. (line 18) +* rl_add_funmap_entry: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 54) +* rl_add_undo: Allowing Undoing. (line 39) +* rl_alphabetic: Utility Functions. (line 38) +* rl_already_prompted: Readline Variables. (line 63) +* rl_attempted_completion_function: Completion Variables. + (line 11) +* rl_attempted_completion_over: Completion Variables. + (line 255) +* rl_basic_quote_characters: Completion Variables. + (line 143) +* rl_basic_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. + (line 137) +* rl_begin_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. (line 28) +* rl_binding_keymap: Readline Variables. (line 184) +* rl_bind_key: Binding Keys. (line 21) +* rl_bind_keyseq: Binding Keys. (line 57) +* rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound: Binding Keys. (line 75) +* rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 81) +* rl_bind_keyseq_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 64) +* rl_bind_key_if_unbound: Binding Keys. (line 30) +* rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 36) +* rl_bind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 25) +* rl_callback_handler_install: Alternate Interface. (line 13) +* rl_callback_handler_remove: Alternate Interface. (line 42) +* rl_callback_read_char: Alternate Interface. (line 22) +* rl_callback_sigcleanup: Alternate Interface. (line 35) +* rl_catch_signals: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 69) +* rl_catch_sigwinch: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 76) +* rl_change_environment: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 90) +* rl_char_is_quoted_p: Completion Variables. + (line 45) +* rl_check_signals: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 133) +* rl_cleanup_after_signal: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 107) +* rl_clear_history: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 49) +* rl_clear_message: Redisplay. (line 51) +* rl_clear_pending_input: Character Input. (line 29) +* rl_clear_signals: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 182) +* rl_clear_visible_line: Redisplay. (line 25) +* rl_complete: How Completing Works. + (line 46) +* rl_complete <1>: Completion Functions. + (line 19) +* rl_completer_quote_characters: Completion Variables. + (line 160) +* rl_completer_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. + (line 146) +* rl_complete_internal: Completion Functions. + (line 9) +* rl_completion_append_character: Completion Variables. + (line 184) +* rl_completion_display_matches_hook: Completion Variables. + (line 124) +* rl_completion_entry_function: How Completing Works. + (line 52) +* rl_completion_entry_function <1>: Completion Variables. + (line 6) +* rl_completion_found_quote: Completion Variables. + (line 214) +* rl_completion_invoking_key: Completion Variables. + (line 278) +* rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs: Completion Variables. + (line 220) +* rl_completion_matches: Completion Functions. + (line 43) +* rl_completion_mode: Completion Functions. + (line 36) +* rl_completion_query_items: Completion Variables. + (line 178) +* rl_completion_quote_character: Completion Variables. + (line 202) +* rl_completion_suppress_append: Completion Variables. + (line 196) +* rl_completion_suppress_quote: Completion Variables. + (line 208) +* rl_completion_type: Completion Variables. + (line 270) +* rl_completion_word_break_hook: Completion Variables. + (line 151) +* rl_copy_keymap: Keymaps. (line 16) +* rl_copy_text: Modifying Text. (line 14) +* rl_crlf: Redisplay. (line 33) +* rl_deactivate_mark: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 62) +* rl_delete_text: Modifying Text. (line 10) +* rl_deprep_terminal: Terminal Management. (line 12) +* rl_deprep_term_function: Readline Variables. (line 174) +* rl_ding: Utility Functions. (line 35) +* rl_directory_completion_hook: Completion Variables. + (line 63) +* rl_directory_rewrite_hook;: Completion Variables. + (line 81) +* rl_discard_keymap: Keymaps. (line 25) +* rl_dispatching: Readline Variables. (line 40) +* rl_display_match_list: Utility Functions. (line 41) +* rl_display_prompt: Readline Variables. (line 58) +* rl_done: Readline Variables. (line 27) +* rl_do_undo: Allowing Undoing. (line 47) +* rl_echo_signal_char: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 143) +* rl_editing_mode: Readline Variables. (line 281) +* rl_empty_keymap: Keymaps. (line 33) +* rl_end: Readline Variables. (line 18) +* rl_end_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. (line 34) +* rl_erase_empty_line: Readline Variables. (line 46) +* rl_event_hook: Readline Variables. (line 123) +* rl_execute_next: Character Input. (line 25) +* rl_executing_key: Readline Variables. (line 191) +* rl_executing_keymap: Readline Variables. (line 180) +* rl_executing_keyseq: Readline Variables. (line 195) +* rl_executing_macro: Readline Variables. (line 188) +* rl_expand_prompt: Redisplay. (line 66) +* rl_explicit_arg: Readline Variables. (line 272) +* rl_extend_line_buffer: Utility Functions. (line 26) +* rl_filename_completion_desired: Completion Variables. + (line 235) +* rl_filename_completion_function: Completion Functions. + (line 57) +* rl_filename_dequoting_function: Completion Variables. + (line 36) +* rl_filename_quote_characters: Completion Variables. + (line 166) +* rl_filename_quoting_desired: Completion Variables. + (line 245) +* rl_filename_quoting_function: Completion Variables. + (line 23) +* rl_filename_rewrite_hook: Completion Variables. + (line 109) +* rl_filename_stat_hook: Completion Variables. + (line 97) +* rl_forced_update_display: Redisplay. (line 10) +* rl_free: Utility Functions. (line 17) +* rl_free_keymap: Keymaps. (line 29) +* rl_free_line_state: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 113) +* rl_free_undo_list: Allowing Undoing. (line 44) +* rl_function_dumper: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 38) +* rl_function_of_keyseq: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 13) +* rl_function_of_keyseq_len: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 22) +* rl_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 48) +* rl_generic_bind: Binding Keys. (line 87) +* rl_getc: Character Input. (line 14) +* rl_getc_function: Readline Variables. (line 128) +* rl_get_keymap: Keymaps. (line 40) +* rl_get_keymap_by_name: Keymaps. (line 46) +* rl_get_keymap_name: Keymaps. (line 51) +* rl_get_screen_size: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 165) +* rl_get_termcap: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 41) +* rl_gnu_readline_p: Readline Variables. (line 82) +* rl_ignore_completion_duplicates: Completion Variables. + (line 231) +* rl_ignore_some_completions_function: Completion Variables. + (line 55) +* rl_inhibit_completion: Completion Variables. + (line 284) +* rl_initialize: Utility Functions. (line 30) +* rl_input_available_hook: Readline Variables. (line 140) +* rl_insert_completions: Completion Functions. + (line 31) +* rl_insert_text: Modifying Text. (line 6) +* rl_instream: Readline Variables. (line 96) +* rl_invoking_keyseqs: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 29) +* rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 33) +* rl_keep_mark_active: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 65) +* rl_key_sequence_length: Readline Variables. (line 199) +* rl_kill_text: Modifying Text. (line 18) +* rl_last_func: Readline Variables. (line 109) +* rl_library_version: Readline Variables. (line 72) +* rl_line_buffer: Readline Variables. (line 8) +* rl_list_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 44) +* rl_macro_bind: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 6) +* rl_macro_dumper: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 13) +* rl_make_bare_keymap: Keymaps. (line 11) +* rl_make_keymap: Keymaps. (line 19) +* rl_mark: Readline Variables. (line 23) +* rl_mark_active_p: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 71) +* rl_message: Redisplay. (line 42) +* rl_modifying: Allowing Undoing. (line 56) +* rl_named_function: Associating Function Names and Bindings. + (line 10) +* rl_numeric_arg: Readline Variables. (line 276) +* rl_num_chars_to_read: Readline Variables. (line 31) +* rl_on_new_line: Redisplay. (line 14) +* rl_on_new_line_with_prompt: Redisplay. (line 18) +* rl_outstream: Readline Variables. (line 100) +* rl_parse_and_bind: Binding Keys. (line 95) +* rl_pending_input: Readline Variables. (line 36) +* rl_pending_signal: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 102) +* rl_persistent_signal_handlers: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 82) +* rl_point: Readline Variables. (line 14) +* rl_possible_completions: Completion Functions. + (line 27) +* rl_prefer_env_winsize: Readline Variables. (line 104) +* rl_prep_terminal: Terminal Management. (line 6) +* rl_prep_term_function: Readline Variables. (line 167) +* rl_pre_input_hook: Readline Variables. (line 118) +* rl_prompt: Readline Variables. (line 52) +* rl_push_macro_input: Modifying Text. (line 25) +* rl_readline_name: Readline Variables. (line 91) +* rl_readline_state: Readline Variables. (line 202) +* rl_readline_version: Readline Variables. (line 75) +* rl_read_init_file: Binding Keys. (line 100) +* rl_read_key: Character Input. (line 6) +* rl_redisplay: Redisplay. (line 6) +* rl_redisplay_function: Readline Variables. (line 161) +* rl_replace_line: Utility Functions. (line 21) +* rl_reset_after_signal: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 121) +* rl_reset_line_state: Redisplay. (line 29) +* rl_reset_screen_size: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 169) +* rl_reset_terminal: Terminal Management. (line 34) +* rl_resize_terminal: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 149) +* rl_restore_prompt: Redisplay. (line 60) +* rl_restore_state: Utility Functions. (line 11) +* rl_save_prompt: Redisplay. (line 56) +* rl_save_state: Utility Functions. (line 6) +* rl_set_key: Binding Keys. (line 71) +* rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout: Character Input. (line 34) +* rl_set_keymap: Keymaps. (line 43) +* rl_set_keymap_name: Keymaps. (line 56) +* rl_set_paren_blink_timeout: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 36) +* rl_set_prompt: Redisplay. (line 80) +* rl_set_screen_size: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 153) +* rl_set_signals: Readline Signal Handling. + (line 176) +* rl_show_char: Redisplay. (line 36) +* rl_signal_event_hook: Readline Variables. (line 136) +* rl_sort_completion_matches: Completion Variables. + (line 262) +* rl_special_prefixes: Completion Variables. + (line 171) +* rl_startup_hook: Readline Variables. (line 114) +* rl_stuff_char: Character Input. (line 18) +* rl_terminal_name: Readline Variables. (line 86) +* rl_tty_set_default_bindings: Terminal Management. (line 17) +* rl_tty_set_echoing: Terminal Management. (line 27) +* rl_tty_unset_default_bindings: Terminal Management. (line 22) +* rl_unbind_command_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 53) +* rl_unbind_function_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 49) +* rl_unbind_key: Binding Keys. (line 41) +* rl_unbind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. (line 45) +* rl_username_completion_function: Completion Functions. + (line 64) +* rl_variable_bind: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 19) +* rl_variable_dumper: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 30) +* rl_variable_value: Miscellaneous Functions. + (line 25) +* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. (line 33) +* set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 33) +* shell-transpose-words (M-C-t): Commands For Killing. + (line 32) +* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 275) +* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 281) +* show-mode-in-prompt: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 290) +* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 296) +* skip-csi-sequence (): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 52) +* start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. (line 6) +* tab-insert (M-<TAB>): Commands For Text. (line 30) +* tilde-expand (M-~): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 30) +* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. (line 50) +* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. (line 56) +* undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 23) +* universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. (line 10) +* unix-filename-rubout (): Commands For Killing. + (line 43) +* unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing. + (line 16) +* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. + (line 39) +* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. (line 61) +* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 309) +* vi-editing-mode (M-C-j): Miscellaneous Commands. + (line 92) +* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 320) +* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 331) +* yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. + (line 70) +* yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Commands For History. + (line 83) +* yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. + (line 74) +* yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. + (line 73) + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top864 +Node: Command Line Editing1589 +Node: Introduction and Notation2241 +Node: Readline Interaction3865 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials5057 +Node: Readline Movement Commands6841 +Node: Readline Killing Commands7802 +Node: Readline Arguments9721 +Node: Searching10766 +Node: Readline Init File12919 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax14073 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs34331 +Node: Sample Init File38528 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands41653 +Node: Commands For Moving42708 +Node: Commands For History44467 +Node: Commands For Text49230 +Node: Commands For Killing52933 +Node: Numeric Arguments55647 +Node: Commands For Completion56787 +Node: Keyboard Macros58756 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands59444 +Node: Readline vi Mode63366 +Node: Programming with GNU Readline65183 +Node: Basic Behavior66169 +Node: Custom Functions69852 +Node: Readline Typedefs71335 +Node: Function Writing72969 +Node: Readline Variables74283 +Node: Readline Convenience Functions86955 +Node: Function Naming88027 +Node: Keymaps89289 +Node: Binding Keys92368 +Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings96916 +Node: Allowing Undoing99695 +Node: Redisplay102245 +Node: Modifying Text106269 +Node: Character Input107516 +Node: Terminal Management109414 +Node: Utility Functions111237 +Node: Miscellaneous Functions114565 +Node: Alternate Interface117984 +Node: A Readline Example120726 +Node: Alternate Interface Example122665 +Node: Readline Signal Handling126197 +Node: Custom Completers135456 +Node: How Completing Works136176 +Node: Completion Functions139483 +Node: Completion Variables143057 +Node: A Short Completion Example158850 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License171630 +Node: Concept Index196804 +Node: Function and Variable Index198325 + +End Tag Table + + +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: |