diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/chage.1 | 189 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/chfn.1 | 163 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/chsh.1 | 121 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/expiry.1 | 74 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/groups.1 | 64 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/id.1 | 60 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/login.1 | 487 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 | 97 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 | 97 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/passwd.1 | 365 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/sg.1 | 97 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/fr/man1/su.1 | 448 |
14 files changed, 2592 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chage.1 b/man/fr/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c72778 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chage \- Modifier les informations de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Configurer le nombre du jour, \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, o\(`u le mot de passe a \('et\('e chang\('e la derni\(`ere fois\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format utilis\('e plus commun\('ement dans votre r\('egion)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Configurer la date, ou le nombre de jours \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, \(`a partir de laquelle le compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus accessible\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format plus commun\('ement utilis\('e dans votre r\('egion)\&. Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu\('e doit contacter l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme pour pouvoir utiliser \(`a nouveau le syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher les informations sur l\*(Aq\(^age des comptes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae2622d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chfn \- Modifier le nom complet et les informations associ\('ees \(`a un utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier les informations GECO de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Ce champ est utilis\('e pour enregistrer les informations de l\*(Aqutilisateur utilis\('ees par d\*(Aqautres applications et peut \(^etre chang\('e seulement par un superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de bureau de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone professionnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a50d861 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chsh \- Changer l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du nouvel interpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc) de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Si ce champ est vide, le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Liste des interpr\('eteurs de commandes initiaux valables\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e95ce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +expiry \- V\('erifier et s\('ecuriser la dur\('ee de validit\('e des mots de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +V\('erifier la dur\('ee de validit\('e du mot de passe de l\*(Aqutilisateur courant\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Forcer le changement du mot de passe si l\*(Aqutilisateur courant poss\(`ede un mot de passe qui a expir\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7f6ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroupe\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Notes sur les mots de passe de groupe" +.PP +Les mots de passe de groupe repr\('esentent naturellement un risque en mati\(`ere de s\('ecurit\('e, puisque plusieurs personnes ont connaissance du mot de passe\&. Cependant, les groupes sont utiles pour permettre la coop\('eration entre diff\('erents utilisateurs\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des administrateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/groups.1 b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84e107 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groups \- Afficher la liste des groupes auxquels appartient l\*(Aqutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIutilisateur\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/id.1 b/man/fr/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52d93b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/fr/man1/login.1 b/man/fr/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07b70f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login \- D\('emarrer une session sur le syst\(`eme +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInom_utilisateur\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Un script d\*(Aqinitialisation pour votre interpr\('eteur de commandes pourra \('egalement \(^etre ex\('ecut\('e\&. Veuillez vous r\('ef\('erer \(`a la section de manuel appropri\('ee pour plus d\*(Aqinformations sur cette fonctionnalit\('e\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Ne pas r\('ealiser d\*(Aqauthentification\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur est pr\('e\-authentifi\('e\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Nom de l\*(Aqh\(^ote distant pour cette connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Pr\('eserver l\*(Aqenvironnement\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Ex\('ecuter le protocole de connexion automatique (autologin) pour rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +L\*(Aqemplacement des fichiers peut varier suivant la configuration du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&. +.sp +S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&. +.sp +Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&. +.sp +Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le d\('elai en secondes avant qu\*(Aqun nouvel essai soit permis apr\(`es un \('echec de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les \('echecs de connexion seront enregistr\('es dans le fichier sous le format utmp +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier peut d\('esactiver tous les affichages habituels durant la s\('equence de connexion\&. Si un nom de chemin complet est sp\('ecifi\('e, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le nom ou l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur sont trouv\('es dans le fichier\&. Si ce n\*(Aqest pas un nom de chemin complet, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le fichier existe dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier sera affich\('e avant chaque invite de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation et l\*(Aqaffichage des informations de derni\(`ere connexion de /var/log/lastlog\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le nombre maximum de tentatives de connexion en cas de mauvais mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le temps maximum en secondes pour la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation des connexions r\('eussies\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer l\*(Aqaffichage des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus quand les \('echecs de connexions sont enregistr\('es\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: la journalisation des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus peut \(^etre un probl\(`eme de s\('ecurit\('e si un utilisateur entre son mot de passe au lieu de son nom d\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&. +.sp +Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, liste d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc de fichiers de \(Fo\ \&message du jour\ \&\(Fc \(`a afficher lors de la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, nom de fichier dont la pr\('esence emp\(^echera les connexions de quelqu\*(Aqun d\*(Aqautre que le superutilisateur\&. Le contenu de ces fichiers doit \(^etre un message indiquant pourquoi les connexions sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, fichier qui lie les lignes de tty \(`a la variable d\*(Aqenvironnement TERM\&. Chaque ligne du fichier est dans un format ressemblant \(`a \(Fo\ \&vt100 tty01\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Valeur d\*(Aqinitialisation du masque de permissions\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, le masque des permissions sera initialis\('e \(`a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion pr\('ec\('edentes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le message du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +Emp\(^echer les utilisateurs non\-root de se connecter\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +Liste des types de terminaux\&. +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +Supprimer l\*(Aqaffichage des messages du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c1fee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed in +/etc/subgid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subgid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewgidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +gid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +lowergid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewgidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subgid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e60a24d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgrp \- se connecter avec un nouveau groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroupe\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21e55e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newuidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewuidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed in +/etc/subuid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subuid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewuidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +uid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +loweruid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewuidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subuid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..446e85b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +passwd \- Modifier le mot de passe d\*(Aqun utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Modifications du mot de passe" +.PP +Dans un premier temps, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit fournir son ancien mot de passe, s\*(Aqil en avait un\&. Ce mot de passe est ensuite chiffr\('e puis compar\('e avec le mot de passe enregistr\('e\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqa droit qu\*(Aq\(`a un seul essai pour entrer le mot de passe correct\&. Le superutilisateur peut contourner cette premi\(`ere \('etape de mani\(`ere \(`a changer les mots de passe ayant \('et\('e oubli\('es\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +Le nouveau mot de passe sera demand\('e deux fois \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le second mot de passe est compar\('e avec le premier\&. Ces deux mots de passe devront \(^etre identiques pour que le mot de passe soit chang\('e\&. +.PP +La complexit\('e de ce mot de passe est alors test\('ee\&. Comme ligne de conduite g\('en\('erale, un mot de passe doit toujours \(^etre constitu\('e de 6 \(`a 8 caract\(`eres en en choisissant un ou plus parmi chacun des ensembles suivants\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +caract\(`eres alphab\('etiques minuscules +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +chiffres de 0 \(`a 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +marques de ponctuation +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Astuces pour les mots de passe" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +Les compromissions de la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe r\('esultent le plus souvent d\*(Aqune n\('egligence dans le choix du mot de passe, ou lors de son utilisation\&. Pour cette raison, vous ne devez pas s\('electionner de mot de passe apparaissant dans un dictionnaire ou devant \(^etre \('ecrit\&. Le mot de passe ne doit pas non plus \(^etre un nom propre, un num\('ero min\('eralogique, une date de naissance, ou une adresse\&. En effet ceux\-ci pourraient \(^etre devin\('es pour violer la s\('ecurit\('e du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +Vous pouvez trouver des conseils sur la fa\(,con de choisir un mot de passe robuste sur http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength (en anglais)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer le mot de passe (le rendre vide) d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. C\*(Aqest une fa\(,con rapide de supprimer l\*(Aqauthentification par mot de passe pour un compte\&. Il rend le compte indiqu\('e sans mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Annuler imm\('ediatement la validit\('e du mot de passe d\*(Aqun compte\&. Ceci permet d\*(Aqobliger un utilisateur \(`a changer son mot de passe lors de sa prochaine connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que la modification de mot de passe ne sera effectu\('ee que lors de l\*(Aqexpiration des jetons d\*(Aqauthentification (mots de passe)\&. C\*(Aqest utile dans le cas o\(`u l\*(Aqutilisateur voudrait conserver ses jetons d\*(Aqauthentification encore valables\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Verrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqu\('e\&. Cette option d\('esactive un mot de passe en le modifiant par une valeur qui ne correspond pas \(`a un mot de passe chiffr\('e possible (cela ajoute un \(Fo\ \&!\ \&\(Fc au d\('ebut du mot de passe)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Les utilisateurs avec un mot de passe verrouill\('e ne sont pas autoris\('es \(`a le changer\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Mode silencieux\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher l\*(Aq\('etat d\*(Aqun compte\&. Cet \('etat est constitu\('e de 7 champs\&. Le premier champ est le nom du compte\&. Le second champ indique si le mot de passe est bloqu\('e (L), n\*(Aqa pas de mot de passe (NP) ou a un mot de passe utilisable (P)\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ donne la date de derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe\&. Les quatre champs suivants sont\ \&: la dur\('ee minimum avant modification, la dur\('ee maximum de validit\('e, la dur\('ee d\*(Aqavertissement, et la dur\('ee d\*(Aqinactivit\('e autoris\('ee pour le mot de passe\&. Les dur\('ees sont exprim\('ees en jours\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +La v\('erification de la complexit\('e des mots de passe peut varier d\*(Aqun site \(`a l\*(Aqautre\&. Il est vivement conseill\('e aux utilisateurs de choisir un mot de passe aussi complexe que possible dans la limite de ce qu\*(Aqil est capable de m\('emoriser\&. +.PP +Il se peut que les utilisateurs ne puissent pas changer leur mot de passe sur un syst\(`eme si NIS est activ\('e et qu\*(Aqils ne sont pas connect\('es au serveur NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer des v\('erifications suppl\('ementaires lors des changements de mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Avertir en cas de mots de passe faibles (mais les accepte quand m\(^eme) si vous \(^etes superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum d\*(Aqessais pour changer de mot de passe si refus\('e (trop facile)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/sg.1 b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cb2716 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +sg \- ex\('ecuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/su.1 b/man/fr/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72dcc40 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +su \- Changer d\*(Aqidentifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +Un mot de passe sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur, si n\('ecessaire\&. Les mots de passe incorrects produisent un message d\*(Aqerreur\&. Toutes les tentatives, r\('eussies ou non, sont enregistr\('ees afin de d\('etecter tout abus du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +La commande ex\('ecut\('ee n\*(Aqaura aucun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. Cette option ne peut pas \(^etre utilis\('ee pour ex\('ecuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin d\*(Aqun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Fournir \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur un environnement similaire \(`a celui qu\*(Aqil aurait obtenu s\*(Aqil s\*(Aq\('etait connect\('e directement\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Interpr\('eteur de commande devant \(^etre appel\('e\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Fo\ \&<space><tab><newline>\ \&\(Fc, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&. +.sp +S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&. +.sp +Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&. +.sp +Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&. +.sp +Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les activit\('es de su seront enregistr\('ees dans le fichier\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le nom de la commande \(`a afficher lorsque \(Fo\ \&su \-\ \&\(Fc est ex\('ecut\('ee\&. Par exemple, si elle est d\('efinie \(`a \(Fo\ \&su\ \&\(Fc alors un \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera la commande comme \(Fo\ \&\-su\ \&\(Fc\&. Si non d\('efinie, alors \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera le nom du shell qui sera en fait ex\('ecut\('e, par exemple quelque chose comme \(Fo\ \&\-sh\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. |