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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Copyright (c) 1991 , Julianne Frances Haugh
+ Copyright (c) 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ are met:
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
+ endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ specific prior written permission.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
+<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
+<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='groupadd.8'>
+ <!-- $Id$ -->
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
+ <surname>Haugh</surname>
+ <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+ <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+ <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+ <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+ <surname>François</surname>
+ <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+ <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+ </author>
+ </refentryinfo>
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
+ <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+ <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+ <refnamediv id='name'>
+ <refname>groupadd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>create a new group</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <!-- body begins here -->
+ <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>groupadd</command>
+ <arg choice='opt'>
+ <replaceable>options</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <replaceable>group</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1 id='description'>
+ <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+ <para>The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group
+ account using the values specified on the command line plus the default
+ values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system
+ files as needed.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='options'>
+ <title>OPTIONS</title>
+ <para>
+ The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command
+ are:
+ </para>
+ <variablelist remap='IP'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This option causes the command to simply exit with success
+ status if the specified group already exists. When used with
+ <option>-g</option>, and the specified GID already exists,
+ another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <option>-g</option> is
+ turned off).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID</replaceable>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be
+ unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. The value
+ must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID
+ value greater than or equal to <option>GID_MIN</option> and
+ greater than every other group.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ See also the <option>-r</option> option and the
+ <option>GID_MAX</option> description.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Display help message and exit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>KEY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults
+ (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple
+ <option>-K</option> options can be specified.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable>&nbsp;
+ <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Note: <option>-K</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>GID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>
+ doesn't work yet.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>. The default is to disable the password.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <emphasis role="bold">Note:</emphasis> This option is not
+ recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will
+ be visible by users listing the processes.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You should make sure the password respects the system's
+ password policy.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Create a system group.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in
+ the <option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option>
+ range, defined in <filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of
+ <option>GID_MIN</option>-<option>GID_MAX</option>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
+ directory and use the configuration files from the
+ <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ <option>-P</option>, <option>--prefix</option>&nbsp;<replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Apply changes in the <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable>
+ directory and use the configuration files from the
+ <replaceable>PREFIX_DIR</replaceable> directory.
+ This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing
+ a cross-compilation target.
+ Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified.
+ PAM authentication is using the host files.
+ No SELINUX support.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='configuration'>
+ <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
+ <para>
+ The following configuration variables in
+ <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this
+ tool:
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+ &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
+ &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
+ &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='files'>
+ <title>FILES</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Group account information.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry condition="gshadow">
+ <term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Secure group account information.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='caveats'>
+ <title>CAVEATS</title>
+ <para>
+ Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore,
+ followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes.
+ They can end with a dollar sign.
+ In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the
+ corresponding server.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If the groupname already exists in an external group database such
+ as NIS or LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group
+ creation request.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='exit_values'>
+ <title>EXIT VALUES</title>
+ <para>
+ The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values:
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>success</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>invalid command syntax</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>invalid argument to option</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>9</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>group name not unique</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable>10</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>can't update group file</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>