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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Copyright (c) 1997 , Luca Berra
+ Copyright (c) 2001 - 2007, Tomasz Kłoczko
+ Copyright (c) 2005 - 2006, Yuri Kozlov
+ Copyright (c) 2005 - 2008, Nicolas François
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ are met:
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
+ endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ specific prior written permission.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
+]>
+<refentry id='limits.5'>
+ <!-- $Id$ -->
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Luca</firstname>
+ <surname>Berra</surname>
+ <contrib>Creation, 1997</contrib>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
+ <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
+ <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
+ <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
+ <surname>François</surname>
+ <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
+ <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
+ </author>
+ </refentryinfo>
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Conversions</refmiscinfo>
+ <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
+ <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+ <refnamediv id='name'>
+ <refname>limits</refname>
+ <refpurpose>resource limits definition</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <!-- body begins here -->
+
+ <refsect1 id='description'>
+ <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+ <para>
+ The <emphasis remap='I'>limits</emphasis> file
+ (<filename>/etc/limits</filename> by default
+ or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</filename>) describes
+ the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by
+ root and readable by root account only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to
+ impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with
+ UID 0).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:</para>
+
+ <para>
+ <emphasis remap='I'>user LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>or in the form:</para>
+
+ <para>
+ <emphasis remap='I'>@group LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated
+ list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier
+ followed by a numerical limit.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The valid identifiers are:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A: max address space (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>C: max core file size (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>D: max data size (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>F: maximum file size (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>K: file creation mask, set by
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to
+ 20..-19)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>L: max number of logins for this user</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>N: max number of open files</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>O: max real time priority</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>P: process priority, set by
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>R: max resident set size (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>S: max stack size (KB)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>T: max CPU time (MIN)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>U: max number of processes</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, <emphasis remap='I'>L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid
+ <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the
+ following entries are equivalent:
+ </para>
+
+ <programlisting>
+ username L2D2048N5
+ username L2 D2048 N5
+ </programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ Be aware that after <emphasis remap='I'>username</emphasis> the rest
+ of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not
+ allowed. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by
+ the <command>login</command> program.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default entry is denoted by username "<emphasis>*</emphasis>". If
+ you have multiple <emphasis remap='I'>default</emphasis> entries in
+ your <emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used
+ as the default entry.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The limits specified in the form "<replaceable>@group</replaceable>"
+ apply to the members of the specified
+ <replaceable>group</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for
+ this user will be considered.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+ <replaceable>@group</replaceable> line matching a group whose the
+ user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with
+ default limits if no groups contain the user.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash
+ "<emphasis>-</emphasis>" will do.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To disable a limit for a user, a single dash
+ "<replaceable>-</replaceable>" can be used instead of the numerical
+ value for this limit.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are
+ not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come,
+ but for now this will have to do ;)
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='files'>
+ <title>FILES</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/limits</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para></para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id='see_also'>
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>