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+'\" t
+.\"     Title: subgid
+.\"    Author: Eric Biederman
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 01/23/2020
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Conversions
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "SUBGID" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+subgid \- the subordinate gid file
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Each line in
+/etc/subgid
+contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+login name or UID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numerical subordinate group ID count
+.RE
+.PP
+This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the
+\fBnewgidmap\fR
+command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&.
+.PP
+Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&.
+.PP
+When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in
+/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid\-
+.RS 4
+Backup file for /etc/subgid\&.
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewgidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewuidmap\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8),
+\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&.