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diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea0f7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 2020-01-23 +.\" Manual: 系统管理命令 +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Chinese Simplified +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "2020-01-23" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "系统管理命令" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "名称" +useradd \- 创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息 +.SH "大纲" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fI登录\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fI选项\fR] +.SH "描述" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "选项" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is not used, +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +must exist\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +任何字符串。通常是关于登录的简短描述，当前用于用户全名。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. The directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +看下边，\(lq更改默认值\(rq子节。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +密码过期后，账户被彻底禁用之前的天数。0 表示立即禁用，\-1 表示禁用这个功能。 +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +用户初始登陆组的组名或号码。组名必须已经存在。组号码必须指代已经存在的组。 +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +现实帮助信息并退出。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +如果可以，也复制 ACL 和扩展属性。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. + +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no password at all\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +不要将用户添加到最近登录和登录失败数据库。 +.sp +By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do no create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +允许使用重复的 UID 创建用户账户。 +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +创建一个系统账户。 +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +创建一个和用户同名的组，并将用户添加到组中。 +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +用户登陆的 SELinux 用户。默认为留空，这会造成系统选择默认的 SELinux 用户。 +.RE +.SS "更改默认值" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +禁用此用户账户的日期。 +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +密码过期到账户被禁用之前的天数。 +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or ID for a new user\*(Aqs initial group (when the +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is used or when the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable is set to +\fIno\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs)\&. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +新用户的登录 shell 名。 +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "注意：" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +您可能不能想 NIS 组或 LDAP 组添加用户。这只能在相应服务器上进行。 +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +用户名必须以一个小写字母或下划线开始，跟随小写字符、数字、下划线或连字符的组合。可以以美元符号结束。用正则表达式表示就是：[a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +用户名不能超过 32 个字符长。 +.SH "配置文件" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +指示是否应该为新用户默认创建主目录。 +.sp +此设置并不应用到系统用户，并且可以使用命令行覆盖。 +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +邮箱目录。修改或删除用户账户时需要处理邮箱，如果没有指定，将使用编译时指定的默认值。 +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +定义用户邮箱文件的位置(相对于主目录)。 +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +默认值是 0，意味着组中的成员数没有限制。 +.sp +此功能(分割组)允许限制组文件中的行长度。这对于确保 NIS 组的行比长于 1024 字符。 +.sp +如果要强制这个限制，可以使用 25。 +.sp +注意：分割组可能不受所有工具的支持(甚至在 Shadow 工具集中)。您不应该使用这个变量，除非真的需要。 +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +一个密码可以使用的最大天数。如果密码比这旧，将会强迫更改密码。如果不指定，就假定为 \-1，这会禁用这个限制。 +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +两次更改密码时间的最小间隔。将会拒绝任何早于此的更改密码的尝试。如果不指定，假定为 \-1，将会禁用这个限制。 +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +密码过期之前给出警告的天数。0 表示只有只在过期的当天警告，负值表示不警告。如果没有指定，不会给警告。 +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +文件模式创建掩码初始化为此值。如果没有指定，掩码初始化为 022。 +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +如果 uid 和 gid 相同，用户名和主用户名也相同，使非 root 组的组掩码位和属主位相同 (如：022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007)。 +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "文件" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +用户账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +安全用户账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +组账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +安全组账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +账户创建的默认值。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +包含默认文件的目录。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow 密码套件配置。 +.RE +.SH "退出值" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "参见" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. |