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diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8 b/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..270df0a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/zh_CN/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 2020-01-23 +.\" Manual: 系统管理命令 +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Chinese Simplified +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "2020-01-23" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "系统管理命令" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "名称" +usermod \- 修改一个用户账户 +.SH "大纲" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fI选项\fR] \fI登录\fR +.SH "描述" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "选项" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +用户的新登录目录。 +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +密码过期之后，账户被彻底禁用之前的天数。 +.sp +0 表示密码过期时，立即禁用账户；\-1 表示不使用这个功能。 +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +用户的新初始登录组的组名或数字代号。此组必须存在。 +.sp +用户主目录中，属于原来的主组的文件将转交新组所有。 +.sp +主目录之外的文件所属的组必须手动修改。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +将用户的主目录移动到新位置。 +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +用户的新登录 shell 的名称。将此字段设置为空会让系统选择默认的登录 shell。 +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +用户 ID 的新数值。 +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +用户的邮箱，用户主目录中属于此用户的文件的属主 ID 也将自动更改。 +.sp +用户主目录之外文件所有权必须手动修复。 +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +用户登陆的 SELinux 用户。 +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +您必须更改 NIS 服务器上的 NIS 相关内容。 +.SH "配置文件" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +邮箱目录。修改或删除用户账户时需要处理邮箱，如果没有指定，将使用编译时指定的默认值。 +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +定义用户邮箱文件的位置(相对于主目录)。 +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +默认值是 0，意味着组中的成员数没有限制。 +.sp +此功能(分割组)允许限制组文件中的行长度。这对于确保 NIS 组的行比长于 1024 字符。 +.sp +如果要强制这个限制，可以使用 25。 +.sp +注意：分割组可能不受所有工具的支持(甚至在 Shadow 工具集中)。您不应该使用这个变量，除非真的需要。 +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "文件" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +组账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +安全组账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow 密码套件配置。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +用户账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +安全用户账户信息。 +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "参见" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. |