From 333f7ecfa3e040191c66b2b92f6c117ca2cbac1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2024 14:50:00 +0200 Subject: Adding upstream version 1:4.8.1. Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann --- man/Makefile.am | 222 + man/Makefile.in | 1073 +++ man/chage.1.xml | 327 + man/chfn.1.xml | 238 + man/chgpasswd.8.xml | 250 + man/chpasswd.8.xml | 303 + man/chsh.1.xml | 204 + man/config.xml.in | 2 + man/cs/Makefile.am | 26 + man/cs/Makefile.in | 668 ++ man/cs/man1/expiry.1 | 25 + man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1 | 76 + man/cs/man1/groups.1 | 29 + man/cs/man1/id.1 | 62 + man/cs/man1/su.1 | 111 + man/cs/man5/faillog.5 | 35 + man/cs/man5/gshadow.5 | 52 + man/cs/man5/passwd.5 | 57 + man/cs/man5/shadow.5 | 64 + man/cs/man8/faillog.8 | 86 + man/cs/man8/groupadd.8 | 113 + man/cs/man8/groupdel.8 | 60 + man/cs/man8/groupmems.8 | 85 + man/cs/man8/groupmod.8 | 79 + man/cs/man8/grpck.8 | 111 + man/cs/man8/lastlog.8 | 40 + man/cs/man8/logoutd.8 | 30 + man/cs/man8/nologin.8 | 28 + man/cs/man8/vipw.8 | 71 + man/da/Makefile.am | 32 + man/da/Makefile.in | 718 ++ man/da/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/da/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/da/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/da/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/da/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/da/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/da/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/da/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/da/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/da/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/da/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/de/Makefile.am | 66 + man/de/Makefile.in | 773 ++ man/de/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/de/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/de/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/de/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/de/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/de/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/de/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/de/man1/login.1 | 488 ++ man/de/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/de/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/de/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/de/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/de/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/de/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/de/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/de/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/de/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/de/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/de/man5/login.defs.5 | 855 ++ man/de/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/de/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/de/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/de/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/de/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/de/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/de/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/de/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/de/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/de/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/de/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/de/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/de/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/de/man8/lastlog.8 | 137 + man/de/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/de/man8/newusers.8 | 449 + man/de/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/de/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/de/man8/pwconv.8 | 193 + man/de/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/de/man8/sulogin.8 | 116 + man/de/man8/useradd.8 | 784 ++ man/de/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/de/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/de/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/de/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/es/Makefile.am | 17 + man/es/Makefile.in | 488 ++ man/expiry.1.xml | 149 + man/faillog.5.xml | 116 + man/faillog.8.xml | 265 + man/fi/Makefile.am | 12 + man/fi/Makefile.in | 564 ++ man/fi/man1/chfn.1 | 68 + man/fi/man1/chsh.1 | 49 + man/fi/man1/su.1 | 119 + man/fr/Makefile.am | 80 + man/fr/Makefile.in | 782 ++ man/fr/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/fr/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/fr/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/fr/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/fr/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/fr/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/fr/man1/login.1 | 487 ++ man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 | 97 + man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 | 97 + man/fr/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/fr/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/fr/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/fr/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/fr/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/fr/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/fr/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 | 854 ++ man/fr/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/fr/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/fr/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/fr/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/fr/man5/subgid.5 | 100 + man/fr/man5/subuid.5 | 100 + man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/fr/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/fr/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 | 139 + man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/fr/man8/newusers.8 | 449 + man/fr/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/fr/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 | 193 + man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 | 116 + man/fr/man8/useradd.8 | 784 ++ man/fr/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/fr/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/fr/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/fr/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/generate_mans.mak | 56 + man/generate_translations.mak | 30 + man/gpasswd.1.xml | 322 + man/groupadd.8.xml | 374 + man/groupdel.8.xml | 245 + man/groupmems.8.xml | 257 + man/groupmod.8.xml | 355 + man/groups.1.xml | 128 + man/grpck.8.xml | 314 + man/gshadow.5.xml | 193 + man/hu/Makefile.am | 17 + man/hu/Makefile.in | 658 ++ man/hu/man1/chsh.1 | 65 + man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1 | 81 + man/hu/man1/groups.1 | 59 + man/hu/man1/login.1 | 123 + man/hu/man1/newgrp.1 | 89 + man/hu/man1/passwd.1 | 164 + man/hu/man1/sg.1 | 1 + man/hu/man1/su.1 | 185 + man/hu/man5/passwd.5 | 99 + man/hu/man8/lastlog.8 | 68 + man/id.1.xml | 119 + man/id/Makefile.am | 9 + man/id/Makefile.in | 605 ++ man/id/man1/chsh.1 | 53 + man/id/man1/login.1 | 311 + man/id/man8/useradd.8 | 214 + man/it/Makefile.am | 66 + man/it/Makefile.in | 773 ++ man/it/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/it/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/it/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/it/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/it/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/it/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/it/man1/login.1 | 487 ++ man/it/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/it/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/it/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/it/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/it/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/it/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/it/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/it/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/it/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/it/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/it/man5/login.defs.5 | 854 ++ man/it/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/it/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/it/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/it/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/it/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/it/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/it/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/it/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/it/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/it/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/it/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/it/man8/lastlog.8 | 138 + man/it/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/it/man8/newusers.8 | 449 + man/it/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/it/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/it/man8/pwconv.8 | 193 + man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/it/man8/sulogin.8 | 116 + man/it/man8/useradd.8 | 784 ++ man/it/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/it/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/it/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/it/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/ja/Makefile.am | 58 + man/ja/Makefile.in | 663 ++ man/ja/man1/chage.1 | 120 + man/ja/man1/chfn.1 | 72 + man/ja/man1/chsh.1 | 72 + man/ja/man1/expiry.1 | 53 + man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1 | 70 + man/ja/man1/groups.1 | 65 + man/ja/man1/id.1 | 57 + man/ja/man1/login.1 | 141 + man/ja/man1/newgrp.1 | 92 + man/ja/man1/passwd.1 | 217 + man/ja/man1/sg.1 | 1 + man/ja/man1/su.1 | 88 + man/ja/man3/shadow.3 | 153 + man/ja/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/ja/man5/limits.5 | 89 + man/ja/man5/login.access.5 | 69 + man/ja/man5/login.defs.5 | 193 + man/ja/man5/passwd.5 | 113 + man/ja/man5/porttime.5 | 93 + man/ja/man5/shadow.5 | 102 + man/ja/man5/suauth.5 | 116 + man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8 | 70 + man/ja/man8/faillog.8 | 97 + man/ja/man8/groupadd.8 | 68 + man/ja/man8/groupdel.8 | 65 + man/ja/man8/groupmod.8 | 70 + man/ja/man8/grpck.8 | 116 + man/ja/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/ja/man8/lastlog.8 | 80 + man/ja/man8/logoutd.8 | 55 + man/ja/man8/newusers.8 | 71 + man/ja/man8/pwck.8 | 121 + man/ja/man8/pwconv.8 | 80 + man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/ja/man8/sulogin.8 | 95 + man/ja/man8/useradd.8 | 176 + man/ja/man8/userdel.8 | 77 + man/ja/man8/usermod.8 | 145 + man/ja/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/ja/man8/vipw.8 | 38 + man/ko/Makefile.am | 16 + man/ko/Makefile.in | 658 ++ man/ko/man1/chfn.1 | 54 + man/ko/man1/chsh.1 | 43 + man/ko/man1/groups.1 | 32 + man/ko/man1/login.1 | 300 + man/ko/man1/su.1 | 92 + man/ko/man5/passwd.5 | 119 + man/ko/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/ko/man8/vipw.8 | 64 + man/lastlog.8.xml | 237 + man/limits.5.xml | 219 + man/login.1.xml | 429 + man/login.access.5.xml | 140 + man/login.defs.5.xml | 569 ++ man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml | 51 + man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml | 46 + man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml | 41 + man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml | 54 + man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml | 42 + man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml | 47 + man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml | 43 + man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml | 48 + man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml | 43 + man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml | 45 + man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml | 42 + man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml | 42 + man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml | 46 + man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml | 43 + man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml | 42 + man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml | 60 + man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml | 57 + man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml | 60 + man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml | 43 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml | 41 + man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml | 40 + man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml | 69 + man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml | 48 + man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml | 48 + man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml | 41 + man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml | 43 + man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml | 42 + man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml | 37 + man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml | 53 + man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml | 56 + man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml | 39 + man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml | 44 + man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml | 38 + man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml | 56 + man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml | 72 + man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml | 46 + man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml | 38 + man/logoutd.8.xml | 105 + man/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/man1/login.1 | 487 ++ man/man1/newgidmap.1 | 97 + man/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/man1/newuidmap.1 | 97 + man/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/man5/login.defs.5 | 854 ++ man/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/man5/subgid.5 | 100 + man/man5/subuid.5 | 100 + man/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/man8/lastlog.8 | 137 + man/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/man8/newusers.8 | 449 + man/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/man8/pwconv.8 | 193 + man/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/man8/sulogin.8 | 116 + man/man8/useradd.8 | 784 ++ man/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/newgidmap.1.xml | 190 + man/newgrp.1.xml | 177 + man/newuidmap.1.xml | 189 + man/newusers.8.xml | 486 ++ man/nologin.8.xml | 98 + man/passwd.1.xml | 515 ++ man/passwd.5.xml | 225 + man/pl/Makefile.am | 44 + man/pl/Makefile.in | 768 ++ man/pl/man1/chage.1 | 191 + man/pl/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/pl/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/pl/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/pl/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/pl/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/pl/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/pl/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/pl/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/pl/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/pl/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/pl/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/pl/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/pl/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/pl/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/pl/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/pl/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/pl/man8/lastlog.8 | 137 + man/pl/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/pl/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/pl/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/pl/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/pl/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/po/LINGUAS | 8 + man/po/Makefile.in | 245 + man/po/Makevars | 27 + man/po/XMLFILES | 42 + man/po/da.po | 8304 ++++++++++++++++++ man/po/de.po | 10879 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/fr.po | 10548 +++++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/it.po | 11253 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/pl.po | 9659 +++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/ru.po | 12023 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/shadow-man-pages.pot | 5073 +++++++++++ man/po/stamp-po | 1 + man/po/sv.po | 9882 ++++++++++++++++++++++ man/po/zh_CN.po | 9679 +++++++++++++++++++++ man/porttime.5.xml | 149 + man/pt_BR/Makefile.am | 12 + man/pt_BR/Makefile.in | 654 ++ man/pt_BR/man1/gpasswd.1 | 93 + man/pt_BR/man5/passwd.5 | 133 + man/pt_BR/man5/shadow.5 | 81 + man/pt_BR/man8/groupadd.8 | 83 + man/pt_BR/man8/groupdel.8 | 59 + man/pt_BR/man8/groupmod.8 | 61 + man/pwck.8.xml | 373 + man/pwconv.8.xml | 281 + man/ru/Makefile.am | 66 + man/ru/Makefile.in | 773 ++ man/ru/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/ru/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/ru/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/ru/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/ru/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/ru/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/ru/man1/login.1 | 487 ++ man/ru/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/ru/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/ru/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/ru/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/ru/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/ru/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/ru/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/ru/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/ru/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/ru/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/ru/man5/login.defs.5 | 854 ++ man/ru/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/ru/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/ru/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/ru/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/ru/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/ru/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/ru/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/ru/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/ru/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/ru/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/ru/man8/grpconv.8 | 1 + man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8 | 1 + man/ru/man8/lastlog.8 | 137 + man/ru/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/ru/man8/newusers.8 | 449 + man/ru/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/ru/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/ru/man8/pwconv.8 | 193 + man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8 | 1 + man/ru/man8/sulogin.8 | 116 + man/ru/man8/useradd.8 | 784 ++ man/ru/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/ru/man8/usermod.8 | 469 ++ man/ru/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/ru/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/sg.1.xml | 166 + man/shadow.3.xml | 248 + man/shadow.5.xml | 314 + man/su.1.xml | 452 + man/suauth.5.xml | 229 + man/subgid.5.xml | 146 + man/subuid.5.xml | 146 + man/sulogin.8.xml | 178 + man/sv/Makefile.am | 49 + man/sv/Makefile.in | 770 ++ man/sv/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/sv/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/sv/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/sv/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/sv/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/sv/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/sv/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/sv/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/sv/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/sv/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/sv/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/sv/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/sv/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/sv/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/sv/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/sv/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/sv/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/sv/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/sv/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/sv/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/sv/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/sv/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + man/sv/man8/lastlog.8 | 137 + man/sv/man8/logoutd.8 | 57 + man/sv/man8/nologin.8 | 55 + man/sv/man8/pwck.8 | 328 + man/sv/man8/userdel.8 | 308 + man/sv/man8/vigr.8 | 1 + man/sv/man8/vipw.8 | 137 + man/tr/Makefile.am | 18 + man/tr/Makefile.in | 661 ++ man/tr/man1/chage.1 | 90 + man/tr/man1/chfn.1 | 79 + man/tr/man1/login.1 | 114 + man/tr/man1/passwd.1 | 172 + man/tr/man1/su.1 | 84 + man/tr/man5/passwd.5 | 113 + man/tr/man5/shadow.5 | 96 + man/tr/man8/groupadd.8 | 97 + man/tr/man8/groupdel.8 | 77 + man/tr/man8/groupmod.8 | 91 + man/tr/man8/useradd.8 | 195 + man/tr/man8/userdel.8 | 94 + man/tr/man8/usermod.8 | 142 + man/useradd.8.xml | 880 ++ man/userdel.8.xml | 366 + man/usermod.8.xml | 635 ++ man/vipw.8.xml | 250 + man/zh_CN/Makefile.am | 66 + man/zh_CN/Makefile.in | 773 ++ man/zh_CN/man1/chage.1 | 189 + man/zh_CN/man1/chfn.1 | 163 + man/zh_CN/man1/chsh.1 | 121 + man/zh_CN/man1/expiry.1 | 74 + man/zh_CN/man1/gpasswd.1 | 232 + man/zh_CN/man1/groups.1 | 64 + man/zh_CN/man1/id.1 | 60 + man/zh_CN/man1/login.1 | 487 ++ man/zh_CN/man1/newgrp.1 | 98 + man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1 | 365 + man/zh_CN/man1/sg.1 | 97 + man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 | 448 + man/zh_CN/man3/getspnam.3 | 1 + man/zh_CN/man3/shadow.3 | 245 + man/zh_CN/man5/faillog.5 | 64 + man/zh_CN/man5/gshadow.5 | 101 + man/zh_CN/man5/limits.5 | 274 + man/zh_CN/man5/login.access.5 | 67 + man/zh_CN/man5/login.defs.5 | 854 ++ man/zh_CN/man5/passwd.5 | 193 + man/zh_CN/man5/porttime.5 | 96 + man/zh_CN/man5/shadow.5 | 148 + man/zh_CN/man5/suauth.5 | 146 + man/zh_CN/man8/chgpasswd.8 | 208 + man/zh_CN/man8/chpasswd.8 | 212 + man/zh_CN/man8/faillog.8 | 165 + man/zh_CN/man8/groupadd.8 | 257 + man/zh_CN/man8/groupdel.8 | 145 + man/zh_CN/man8/groupmems.8 | 180 + man/zh_CN/man8/groupmod.8 | 233 + man/zh_CN/man8/grpck.8 | 247 + 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@@ + +# subdirectories for translated manual pages +if USE_NLS +SUBDIRS = po cs da de es fi fr hu id it ja ko pl pt_BR ru sv tr zh_CN zh_TW +else +SUBDIRS = +endif + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chgpasswd.8 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man5/gshadow.5 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/login.defs.5 \ + man8/logoutd.8 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man8/newusers.8 \ + man8/nologin.8 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man8/pwck.8 \ + man8/pwconv.8 \ + man8/pwunconv.8 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man3/shadow.3 \ + man5/shadow.5 \ + man5/suauth.5 \ + man8/useradd.8 \ + man8/userdel.8 \ + man8/usermod.8 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 + +man_nopam = \ + man5/limits.5 \ + man5/login.access.5 \ + man5/porttime.5 + +if WITH_SU +man_MANS += man1/su.1 +endif + +if !USE_PAM +man_MANS += $(man_nopam) +endif + +man_subids = \ + man1/newgidmap.1 \ + man1/newuidmap.1 \ + man5/subgid.5 \ + man5/subuid.5 + +if ENABLE_SUBIDS +man_MANS += $(man_subids) +endif + +man_XMANS = \ + chage.1.xml \ + chfn.1.xml \ + chgpasswd.8.xml \ + chpasswd.8.xml \ + chsh.1.xml \ + expiry.1.xml \ + faillog.5.xml \ + faillog.8.xml \ + gpasswd.1.xml \ + groupadd.8.xml \ + groupdel.8.xml \ + groupmems.8.xml \ + groupmod.8.xml \ + groups.1.xml \ + grpck.8.xml \ + gshadow.5.xml \ + lastlog.8.xml \ + limits.5.xml \ + login.1.xml \ + login.access.5.xml \ + login.defs.5.xml \ + logoutd.8.xml \ + newgidmap.1.xml \ + newgrp.1.xml \ + newuidmap.1.xml \ + newusers.8.xml \ + nologin.8.xml \ + passwd.1.xml \ + passwd.5.xml \ + porttime.5.xml \ + pwck.8.xml \ + pwconv.8.xml \ + shadow.3.xml \ + shadow.5.xml \ + sg.1.xml \ + su.1.xml \ + suauth.5.xml \ + subgid.5.xml \ + subuid.5.xml \ + useradd.8.xml \ + userdel.8.xml \ + usermod.8.xml \ + vipw.8.xml + +login_defs_v = \ + CHFN_AUTH.xml \ + CHFN_RESTRICT.xml \ + CHSH_AUTH.xml \ + CONSOLE.xml \ + CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml \ + CREATE_HOME.xml \ + DEFAULT_HOME.xml \ + ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml \ + ENV_HZ.xml \ + ENVIRON_FILE.xml \ + ENV_PATH.xml \ + ENV_SUPATH.xml \ + ENV_TZ.xml \ + ERASECHAR.xml \ + FAIL_DELAY.xml \ + FAILLOG_ENAB.xml \ + FAKE_SHELL.xml \ + FTMP_FILE.xml \ + GID_MAX.xml \ + HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml \ + ISSUE_FILE.xml \ + KILLCHAR.xml \ + LASTLOG_ENAB.xml \ + LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml \ + LOGIN_RETRIES.xml \ + LOGIN_STRING.xml \ + LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml \ + LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml \ + LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml \ + MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml \ + MAIL_DIR.xml \ + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml \ + MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml \ + MOTD_FILE.xml \ + NOLOGINS_FILE.xml \ + OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \ + PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml \ + PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml \ + PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml \ + PASS_MAX_LEN.xml \ + PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml \ + PASS_WARN_AGE.xml \ + PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml \ + QUOTAS_ENAB.xml \ + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml \ + SULOG_FILE.xml \ + SU_NAME.xml \ + SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml \ + SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml \ + SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml \ + TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml \ + TCB_SYMLINKS.xml \ + TTYGROUP.xml \ + TTYTYPE_FILE.xml \ + UID_MAX.xml \ + ULIMIT.xml \ + UMASK.xml \ + USERDEL_CMD.xml \ + USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml \ + USE_TCB.xml \ + SUB_GID_COUNT.xml \ + SUB_UID_COUNT.xml \ + SYS_GID_MAX.xml \ + SYS_UID_MAX.xml + +EXTRA_DIST = \ + $(man_MANS) \ + $(man_XMANS) \ + $(addprefix login.defs.d/,$(login_defs_v)) \ + man1/id.1 \ + id.1.xml \ + man8/sulogin.8 \ + sulogin.8.xml \ + generate_mans.mak \ + generate_translations.mak + +if USE_PAM +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam) +endif + +if !ENABLE_SUBIDS +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_subids) +endif + +generate_mans.deps: *.xml + echo "# This file is generated" > $@ + awk 'BEGIN{FS="\"";} /^$$/{ f=FILENAME; sub(/.xml/,"",f); print "man" substr(f, length (f)) "/" f ": " $$2 }' $(man_XMANS) >> $@ + +if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@include generate_mans.deps + +include generate_mans.mak + +CLEANFILES 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diff --git a/man/chage.1.xml b/man/chage.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e4cc53 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/chage.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,327 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1990 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + chage + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + chage + change user password expiry information + + + + chage + + options + + + LOGIN + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The chage command changes the number of days between + password changes and the date of the last password change. This + information is used by the system to determine when a user must change + their password. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the chage command are: + + + + + ,  LAST_DAY + + + + Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password + was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format + YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). + + + + + + ,  EXPIRE_DATE + + + + Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the + user's account will no longer be accessible. The date may also + be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more + commonly used in your area). A user whose account is locked must + contact the system administrator before being able to use the + system again. + + + Passing the number -1 as the + EXPIRE_DATE will remove an account + expiration date. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + , + + When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format. + + + + + ,  INACTIVE + + + + Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has + expired before the account is locked. The + INACTIVE option is the number of days + of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the + system administrator before being able to use the system again. + + + Passing the number -1 as the + INACTIVE will remove an account's + inactivity. + + + + + + , + + + + Show account aging information. + + + + + + ,  MIN_DAYS + + + + Set the minimum number of days between password changes to + MIN_DAYS. A value of zero for this field + indicates that the user may change their password at any time. + + + + + + ,  MAX_DAYS + + + + Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. + When MAX_DAYS plus + LAST_DAY is less than the current + day, the user will be required to change their password before + being able to use their account. This occurrence can be planned for + in advance by use of the option, which + provides the user with advance warning. + + + Passing the number -1 as + MAX_DAYS will remove checking a + password's validity. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  WARN_DAYS + + + + Set the number of days of warning before a password change is + required. The WARN_DAYS option is the + number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will + be warned their password is about to expire. + + + + + + If none of the options are selected, chage operates + in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values + for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or + leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is + displayed between a pair of [ ] marks. + + + + NOTE + + The chage program requires a shadow password file to + be available. + + The chage command is restricted to the root + user, except for the option, which may be used by + an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due + to expire. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &USE_TCB; + + + + + FILES + + + + /etc/passwd + + + User account information. + + + + + /etc/shadow + + + Secure user account information. + + + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The chage command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + success + + + + 1 + + permission denied + + + + 2 + + invalid command syntax + + + + 15 + + can't find the shadow password file + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + passwd5 + , + + shadow5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/chfn.1.xml b/man/chfn.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..153d67e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/chfn.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1990 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + chfn + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + chfn + change real user name and information + + + + + chfn + + options + + + LOGIN + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The chfn command changes user fullname, + office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information + for a user's account. This information is typically printed by + finger1 + and similar programs. A normal user may only change + the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in + /etc/login.defs. (The default configuration is to + prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change + any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use + the option to change the undefined portions of the + GECOS field. + + + + These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the + other field, they should not contain + any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid + non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone + numbers. The other field is used to + store accounting information used by other applications. + + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the chfn command are: + + + + + ,  FULL_NAME + + + Change the user's full name. + + + + + ,  HOME_PHONE + + + Change the user's home phone number. + + + + + ,  OTHER + + + + Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to + store accounting information used by other applications, and can + be changed only by a superuser. + + + + + + ,  ROOM_NUMBER + + + Change the user's room number. + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + , + + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  WORK_PHONE + + + Change the user's office phone number. + + + + + If none of the options are selected, chfn + operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the + current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change + the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The + current value is displayed between a pair of [ + ] marks. Without options, chfn + prompts for the current user account. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &CHFN_AUTH; + &CHFN_RESTRICT; + &LOGIN_STRING; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chsh1 + , + + login.defs5 + , + + passwd5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/chgpasswd.8.xml b/man/chgpasswd.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd61687 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/chgpasswd.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + Creation, 2006 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + chgpasswd + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + chgpasswd + update group passwords in batch mode + + + + + chgpasswd + + options + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The chgpasswd command reads a list of group name + and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to + update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format: + + + group_name:password + + + By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is + encrypted by chgpasswd. + + + The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with + the variable of /etc/login.defs, + and can be overwritten with the , + , or options. + + + This command is intended to be used in a large system environment + where many accounts are created at a single time. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the chgpasswd command + are: + + + + , + + Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords. + + The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE. + + + The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 + if your libc support these methods. + + + + + , + + Supplied passwords are in encrypted form. + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + , + + + Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are + not encrypted. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + , + + + Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords. + + + The value 0 means that the system will choose the default + number of rounds for the crypt method (5000). + + + A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 + will be enforced. + + + You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 + crypt method. + + + By default, the number of rounds is defined by the + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in + /etc/login.defs. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of + unencrypted files by other users. + + + You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect + the system's password policy. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + gpasswd1 + , + + groupadd8 + , + + login.defs5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/chpasswd.8.xml b/man/chpasswd.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19ef36e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/chpasswd.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ + + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + chpasswd + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + chpasswd + update passwords in batch mode + + + + + chpasswd + + options + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The chpasswd command reads a list of user name and + password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update + a group of existing users. Each line is of the format: + + + user_name:password + + + By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are + encrypted by chpasswd. + Also the password age will be updated, if present. + + + The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with + the or + variables of + /etc/login.defs, and can be overwritten with the + , , or + options. + + + By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not + recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the + , , or + options. + + + Except when PAM is used to encrypt the + passwords, chpasswd first updates all the + passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no + errors occurred for any user. + + + When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in + the system database) then if a password cannot be updated + chpasswd continues updating the passwords of the + next users, and will return an error code on exit. + + + This command is intended to be used in a large system environment + where many accounts are created at a single time. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the chpasswd command + are: + + + + + ,  METHOD + + + Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords. + + The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE. + + + The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 + if your libc support these methods. + + + By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords. + + + By default (if none of the , + , or options are + specified), the encryption method is defined by the + or + variables of + /etc/login.defs. + + + + + , + + Supplied passwords are in encrypted form. + + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + + , + + + Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are + not encrypted. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  ROUNDS + + + + Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords. + + + The value 0 means that the system will choose the default + number of rounds for the crypt method (5000). + + + A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 + will be enforced. + + + You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 + crypt method. + + + By default, the number of rounds is defined by the + and + variables in + /etc/login.defs. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of + unencrypted files by other users. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + + + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + /etc/pam.d/chpasswd + + PAM configuration for chpasswd. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + passwd1 + , + + newusers8 + , + + + login.defs5 + , + + + useradd8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/chsh.1.xml b/man/chsh.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c853be --- /dev/null +++ b/man/chsh.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1990 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + chsh + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + chsh + change login shell + + + + + chsh + + options + + + LOGIN + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The chsh command changes the user login shell. + This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal + user may only change the login shell for her own account; the + superuser may change the login shell for any account. + + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the chsh command are: + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  SHELL + + + + The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to + blank causes the system to select the default login shell. + + + + + + If the option is not selected, + chsh operates in an interactive fashion, prompting + the user with the current login shell. Enter the new value to change + the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one. The current + shell is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks. + + + + + NOTE + + The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command + name must be listed in /etc/shells, unless the + invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added. An + account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell. + For this reason, placing /bin/rsh in + /etc/shells is discouraged since accidentally + changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever + changing her login shell back to its original value. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &CHSH_AUTH; + &LOGIN_STRING; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shells + + List of valid login shells. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chfn1 + , + + login.defs5 + , + + passwd5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/config.xml.in b/man/config.xml.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dbad9f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/config.xml.in @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + + diff --git a/man/cs/Makefile.am b/man/cs/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b2be0c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 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+.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +expiry \- zkontroluje a vynutí politiku vypršení platnosti hesla +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 7 +\fBexpiry\fR [\-c] [\-f] +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBexpiry\fR +zkontroluje (\fB\-c\fR) vypršení platnosti aktuálního hesla a případně vynutí (\fB\-f\fR) změnu. Příkaz lze spustit jako běžný uživatel. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +informace o uživatelských účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/shadow\fR +důvěrné informace o uživatelských účtech +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5). diff --git a/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32e4288 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "11/05/2005" "User Commands" "User Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +gpasswd \- spravuje soubor /etc/group +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR \fIskupina\fR +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR \-a\ \fIuživatel\fR \fIskupina\fR +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR \-d\ \fIuživatel\fR \fIskupina\fR +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR \-R\ \fIskupina\fR +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR \-r\ \fIskupina\fR +.HP 8 +\fBgpasswd\fR [\-A\ \fIuživatel,\fR...] [\-M\ \fIuživatel,\fR...] \fIskupina\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +se používá pro správu souboru +\fI/etc/group\fR +(a pokud je zkompilován s podporou SHADOWGRP, tak i +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR). +Každá skupina může mít správce, členy a heslo. Systémový správce může +volbou +\fB\-A\fR +definovat správce skupiny, volbou +\fB\-M\fR +členy skupiny a má všechna práva skupinových správců a členů. +.SS "Poznámka o skupinových heslech" +.PP +Skupinová hesla jsou samozřejmě bezpečnostním problémem, jelikož je +heslo sdíleno více uživateli. Skupiny jsou nicméně užitečným nástrojem +pro spolupráci mezi různými uživateli. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Správce skupiny může přidávat resp. mazat uživatele pomocí +\fB\-a\fR +resp. +\fB\-d\fR. +Správcové mohou odstranit skupinové heslo pomocí přepínače +\fB\-r\fR. +Pokud není heslo nastaveno, mohou použít příkaz +\fBnewgrp\fR +pro zapojení do skupiny pouze členové skupiny. Volba +\fB\-R\fR +zakáže přístup do skupiny skrze příkaz +\fBnewgrp\fR +(členové skupiny se do ní budou moci stále přepnout). +.PP +Pokud je +\fBgpasswd\fR +spušten správcem skupiny a jediným parametrem je jméno skupiny, zeptá +se na skupinové heslo. Pokud je heslo nastaveno, mohou členové používat +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +stále bez hesla, nečlenové musí heslo zadat. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5). diff --git a/man/cs/man1/groups.1 b/man/cs/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6deab53 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +.TH GROUPS 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.do hla cs +.do hpf hyphen.cs +.SH JMÉNO +groups \- vypíše skupiny, jichž je uživatel členem +.SH POUŽITÍ +\fBgroups\fR [\fIuživatel...\fR] +.SH POPIS +Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná. +Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace. +.PP +Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu +.BR groups . +Příkaz +.B groups +vypíše jména všech skupin, v nichž je zadaný \fIuživatel\fR nebo aktuální proces, +pokud uživatel není zadán, členem. Pokud jsou zadána jména uživatelů, potom bude +jméno každého z uživatelů vypsáno před seznam skupin, jichž je členem. +.PP +Seznam skupin je ekvivalentní s výstupem příkazu `id \-Gn'. +.SH VOLBY +Když je GNU příkaz \fBgroups\fR vyvolán právě s jedním parametrem, +jsou rozpoznávány následující volby: +.TP +.I "\-\-help" +Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. +.TP +.I "\-\-version" +Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. diff --git a/man/cs/man1/id.1 b/man/cs/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9eafaf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +.TH ID 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.do hla cs +.do hpf hyphen.cs +.SH JMÉNO +id \- vypíše reálný a efektivní UID a GID +.SH POUŽITÍ +.B id +[\-gnruG] [\-\-group] [\-\-name] [\-\-real] [\-\-user] [\-\-groups] +[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [uživatel] +.SH POPIS +Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná. +Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace. +.PP +Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu +.BR id . +Příkaz +.B id +vypíše informace o zadaném uživateli nebo (pokud není jméno uživatele +zadáno) o uživateli, který program +.B id +spustil. Implicitně vypisuje reálné user ID, reálné group ID, +efektivní user ID, pokud se liší od reálného user ID, efektivní +group ID, pokud se liší od reálného group ID, a group ID skupin, +v nichž je uživatel členem. Před každou z hodnot je vypsán řetězec +určující o jakou hodnotu se jedná a za každou jsou odpovídající +jména skupin a uživatelů v závorkách. +.PP +Volby způsobí, že program +.B id +vypisuje pouze některé z těchto informací. +.SS VOLBY +.TP +.I "\-g, \-\-group" +Vypíše pouze group ID. +.TP +.I "\-G, \-\-groups" +Vypíše pouze skupiny, v nichž je uživatel členem. +.TP +.I "\-\-help" +Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. +.TP +.I "\-n, \-\-name" +Vypíše jméno uživatele nebo skupiny místo čísla ID. +Vyžaduje +.IR \-u , +.IR \-g , +nebo +.IR \-G . +.TP +.I "\-r, \-\-real" +Vypíše reálné místo efektivních user a group ID. +Vyžaduje +.IR \-u , +.IR \-g , +nebo +.IR \-G . +.TP +.I "\-u, \-\-user" +Vypíše pouze user ID. +.TP +.I "\-\-version" +Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. diff --git a/man/cs/man1/su.1 b/man/cs/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8a6842 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +.TH SU 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.do hla cs +.do hpf hyphen.cs +.SH JMÉNO +su \- spustí shell pod jiným uživatelským a skupinovým ID +.SH POUŽITÍ +.B su +[\-flmp] [\-c příkaz] [\-s shell] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast] +[\-\-preserve\-environment] [\-\-command=příkaz] [\-\-shell=shell] [\-] +[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [uživatel [arg...]] +.SH POPIS +Tato dokumentace není dále udržována a může být nepřesná nebo neúplná. +Autoritativním zdrojem je Texinfo dokumentace. +.PP +Tato manuálová stránka popisuje GNU verzi příkazu +.BR su . +Příkaz +.B su +umožňuje, aby se uživatel dočasně stal jiným uživatelem. Spustí +shell s reálným a efektivním user ID, group ID, i skupinami, jichž +je zadaný +.I uživatel +členem. Pokud není zadán +.IR uživatel , +dosadí se root, superuživatel. Jméno shellu je převzato ze souboru +/etc/passwd. Pokud v /etc/passwd jméno shellu není, použije se +/bin/sh. Pokud má uživatelský účet heslo, a příkaz +.B su +není spuštěn pod reálným user ID 0 (tj. superuživatelem), bude +požadovat zadání hesla. +.PP +Příkaz +.B su +implicitně nemění aktuální adresář. Nastavuje proměnné prostředí +`HOME' a `SHELL' podle údajů z /etc/passwd a pokud zadaný +.I uživatel +není superuživatelem, nastaví proměnné `USER' a `LOGNAME' na +.IR uživatel . +Implicitně není spuštěný shell login shellem. +.PP +Jsou\-li zadány další argumenty, budou předány jako argumenty shellu. +.PP +Příkaz +.B su +nezpracovává speciálně /bin/sh nebo ostatní shelly (nastavením +argv[0] na "\-su", předáním volby `\-c' pouze jistým shellům, atd.). +.PP +Na systémech se syslog démonem může být příkaz +.B su +přeložen tak, aby zaznamenával pomocí syslogu neúspěšná +a volitelně i úspěšná vyvolání příkazu +.BR su . +.SS VOLBY +.TP +.I "\-c příkaz, \-\-command=příkaz" +Místo odstartování interaktivního shellu předá +.I příkaz +s volbou +.I \-c +jako jediný příkazový řádek shellu. +.TP +.I "\-f, \-\-fast" +Předá shellu volbu +.IR \-f . +Tuto volbu je pravděpodobně vhodné používat pouze pro shelly +.B csh +a +.BR tcsh , +u nichž zabrání provedení startovacího souboru (.cshrc). +U shellů vycházejících z Bourne shellu volba +.I \-f +zakazuje expanzi žolíkových znaků, což obecně není žádoucí. +.TP +.I "\-\-help" +Vypíše návod k použití na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. +.TP +.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login" +Spustí shell jako login shell. To znamená, že nebude nastaven obsah +žádných proměnných prostředí kromě `TERM', `HOME', a `SHELL' (které +budou nastaveny, jak je popsáno výše), `USER' a `LOGNAME' (které +budou nastaveny i pro superuživatele jak je popsáno výše). Proměnná +prostředí `PATH' bude nastavena na hodnotu definovanou při překladu. +Aktuální adresář bude nastaven na domovský adresář; před jméno +shellu bude předřazen znak "\-", který způsobí, že bude zpracován +startovací soubor nebo soubory. +.TP +.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment" +Nebude měnit proměnné prostředí `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME' ani +`SHELL'. Je chybou, pokud uživatel, který spustil příkaz +.B su +není superuživatel a přitom má nový uživatel omezený shell. Jinak +se spustí místo uživatelova shellu z /etc/passwd shell zadaný +v proměnné prostředí `SHELL'. Omezený shell je takový, který +není uveden v souboru /etc/shells, nebo v zakompilován seznamu +souborů, pokud /etc/shells neexistuje. Chování příkazu +.B su +s touto volbou lze změnit volbami +.I \-\-login +a +.I \-\-shell +(má přednost před hodnotou proměnné prostředí SHELL). +.TP +.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell" +Spustí zadaný shell místo uživatelova shellu z /etc/passwd. +Je chybou, pokud uživatel, který spustil +.B su +není superuživatel a přitom shell nového uživatele uvedený +v /etc/passwd je omezený. +.TP +.I "\-\-version" +Vypíše číslo verze na standardní výstup a bezchybně skončí. diff --git a/man/cs/man5/faillog.5 b/man/cs/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99036ff --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "11/05/2005" "" "" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +faillog \- Soubor pro zaznamenávání chybných pokusů o přihlášení +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR +uchovává pro každý účet počet chybných přihlášení a jejich +limity. Záznamy v souboru mají pevnou délku a jsou indexovány +číselným UID. Každý záznam obsahuje počet chybných pokusů o +přihlášení od posledního úspěšného přihlášení, maximální počet +chybných pokusů o přihlášení před zablokováním účtu, linku, na které +byl zaznamenán poslední chybný pokus o přihlášení, a datum, +kdy byl zaznamenán poslední chybný pokus o přihlášení. +.PP +Struktura souboru vypadá následovně: +.sp +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; +}; +.fi +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR +soubor pro záznam chybných pokusů o přihlášení +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad8750d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "11/05/2005" "File Formats and Conversions" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +gshadow \- stínový soubor se skupinami +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +Obsahuje stínové informace ke skupinovým účtům. Obsahuje řádky +s pevnou strukturou, kde jsou jednotlivá pole oddělená dvojtečkami: +.TP 3 +\(bu +název skupiny +.TP +\(bu +zašifrované heslo +.TP +\(bu +čárkami oddělený seznam administrátorů skupiny +.TP +\(bu +čárkami oddělený seznam členů skupiny +.PP +Pole pro název skupiny a heslo musí být vyplněná. Zašifrované heslo se +skládá ze znaků 64 znakové abecedy (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, \\ a /). +Podrobnosti o hesle naleznete v +\fBcrypt\fR(3). +Pokud pole s heslem obsahuje znak, který není platným výsledkem +funkce +\fBcrypt\fR(3), např. ! nebo *, uživatel se nebude moci pomocí tohoto +hesla přihlásit, ale záleží také na systému +\fBpam\fR(7). +.PP +Heslo v tomto souboru má přednost před heslem ze souboru +\fI/etc/group\fR. +.PP +Má-li být zachována bezpečnost hesel, nesmí být tento soubor čitelný +pro běžné uživatele. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBnewgrp\fR(5). diff --git a/man/cs/man5/passwd.5 b/man/cs/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b00228 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +.TH PASSWD 5 "19. března 1997" "Linux" "Linux \- příručka programátora" +.do hla cs +.do hpf hyphen.cs +.SH JMÉNO +passwd \- seznam hesel uživatelů +.SH POPIS +.B Passwd +je čitelný textový soubor, který obsahuje seznam uživatelů systému a hesel, +která musejí použít pro přístup. Seznam hesel uživatelů by měl být s právy +pro čtení pro každého, což v pořádku, protože jsou hesla zašifrována, ale +zápisová práva má jenom superuživatel. Jestliže vytvoříte nový login, +nechejte pole pro heslo prázdné a použijte \fBpasswd\fP(1) pro doplnění. +Hvězdička nebo něco podobného v poli hesel značí, že tento uživatel se nemůže +přihlásit přes \fBlogin\fP(1). Jestliže je váš kořenový adresář v +.IR /dev/ram, +tak musíte uložit změněný soubor hesel do vašeho kořenového adresáře na +disketě něž systém vypnete. Jestliže chcete +vytvořit skupinu uživatelů, jejich GID musí být stejná a musí pro ni +existovat záznam v souboru \fI/etc/group\fP, nebo skupina nebude existovat. +.PP +Každý řádek tvoří jeden záznam, který má následující formát: +.sp +.RS +login_name:passwd:UID:GID:user_name:directory:shell +.RE +.sp +Popis jednotlivých polí: +.sp +.RS +.TP 1.0in +.I login_name +přihlašovací jméno uživatele systému +.TP +.I password +zašifrované heslo uživatele +.TP +.I UID +číselná identifikace uživatele (user ID) +.TP +.I GID +číselná identifikace skupiny (group ID) +.TP +.I user_name +(volitelné) poznámka (často celé jméno uživatele) +.TP +.I directory +domovský adresář uživatele ($HOME) +.TP +.I shell +program, který je spuštěn po úspěšném přihlášení (jestliže je prázdný, +použije se +.IR /bin/sh ). +.RE +.SH SOUBORY +.I /etc/passwd +.SH DALŠÍ INFORMACE +.BR passwd "(1), " login "(1), " group (5) diff --git a/man/cs/man5/shadow.5 b/man/cs/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdbe0a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +.TH SHADOW 5 +.do hla cs +.do hpf hyphen.cs +.SH JMÉNO +shadow \- soubor se zašifrovanými hesly +.SH POPIS +.I shadow +obsahuje informace o zašifrovaných heslech uživatelských účtů a +volitelně může obsahovat informace o stárnutí hesel. Soubor obsahuje + +.IP "" .5i +Přihlašovací jméno +.IP "" .5i +Zašifrované heslo +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů od 1. ledna 1970, kdy bylo heslo naposledy změněno +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí může být heslo změněno +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí musí být heslo změněno +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů před lhůtou, kdy je uživatel varován, že heslo vyprší +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů, po jejichž uplynutí po propadnutí hesla je zablokován účet. +.IP "" .5i +Počet dnů od 1. ledna 1970, kdy byl účet zablokován +.IP "" .5i +Rezervované pole +.PP +Pole hesla musí být vyplněno. Zašifrované heslo se skládá ze 13 až 24 +znaků z 64 prvkové množiny znaků (a až z, A až Z, 0 až 9, \. a +/). \fIcrypt(3)\fR obsahuje detailní informace o tom, jak +interpretovat tento řetězec. +.PP +Datum poslední změny hesla je dáno počtem dní od 1. ledna 1970. Heslo +nesmí býti znovu změněno dokud řádně neuplyne specifikovaný počet dní, +a musí být změněno po uplynutí maximálního počtu dní. Pokud je +minimální počet dnů platnosti hesla vyšší než maximální počet +povolených dní, heslo nemůže být změněno uživatelem. +.PP +Účet je považován za neaktivní a bude zablokován, jestliže heslo není +změněno během určeného počtu dní po vypršení platnosti hesla. Účet +bude také zablokován v určený den nezávisle na ostatních informacích o +vypršení hesla. +.PP +Tyto informace o heslu a době jeho platnosti mají prioritu před +informacemi uloženými v souboru \fB/etc/passwd\fR. +.PP +Tento soubor nesmí být čitelný řádnými uživateli, má\-li být +ochrana hesel účinná. +.SH SOUBORY +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informace o uživatelských účtech +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- zašifrovaná hesla uživatelů +.SH DALŠÍ INFORMACE +chage(1), +login(1), +passwd(1), +su(1), +sulogin(1M), +shadow(3), +passwd(5), +pwconv(8), +pwunconv(8) diff --git a/man/cs/man8/faillog.8 b/man/cs/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4dcae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +faillog \- zobrazí záznamy faillogu nebo nastaví limity na chybná přihlášení +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 8 +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIvolby\fR] +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +formátuje obsah souboru +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR, +ve kterém se zaznamenávají neúspěšné pokusy o přihlášení. Také jej +můžete použít pro správu počitadel neúspěšných přihlášení a pro +nastavení limitů. Spuštení programu +\fBfaillog\fR +bez argumentů vypíše záznamy o neúspěšném přihlášení těch uživatelů, +u kterých je zaznamenáno alespoň jedno chybné přihlášení. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBfaillog\fR +akceptuje následující volby: +.TP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +Zobrazí záznamy faillogu všech uživatelů. +.TP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí. +.TP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-time\fR \fISEK\fR +Po neúspěšném přihlášení zamkne účet na +\fISEK\fR +sekund. +.TP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR \fIMAX\fR +Nastaví maximální počet chybných přihlášení na MAX. Poté se účet +zablokuje. Hodnotou 0 tento limit zrušíte. Pro uživatele +\fIroot\fR +by hodnota +\fIMAX\fR +měla být vždy 0, abyste předešli útokům typu odepření služby. +.TP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +Vynuluje počitadla chybných přihlášení všech uživatelů. Při použití s +parametrem \-u +\fIÚČET\fR +vynuluje počitadlo pouze pro daný účet. Tato operace vyžaduje práva +zápisu k souboru +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR. +.TP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIDNŮ\fR +Zobrazí záznamy faillogu novější než +\fIDNŮ\fR. Volba +\fB\-t\fR +má vyšší prioritu než +\fB\-u\fR. +.TP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIÚČET\fR +Zobrazí záznamy faillogu (resp. s volbami +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +nebo +\fB\-r\fR +upraví počitadla nebo limity chybných přihlášení) pouze pro uživatele +\fIÚČET\fR. +.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +vypíše pouze uživatele, bez úspěšného přihlášení od poslední +chyby. Chcete-li vypsat i uživatele, kteří se od poslední chyby +úspěšně přihlásili, musíte si je explicitně vyžádat volbou +\fB\-u\fR +nebo +\fB\-a\fR. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR +soubor pro záznam chybných pokusů o přihlášení +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5). diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8e3977 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "01/02/2006" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +groupadd \- Vytvoří skupinu +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 9 +\fBgroupadd\fR [\-g\ \fIGID\fR\ [\-o]] [\-f] [\-K\ \fIKLÍČ\fR=\fIHODNOTA\fR] \fIskupina\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupadd\fR +vytváří nové skupinové účty na základě zadaných hodnot a výchozích +hodnot nastavených v systému. Nová skupina bude podle pořeby zařazena +do příslušných systémových souborů. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupadd\fR +akceptuje následující volby: +.TP +\fB\-f\fR +Tato volba způsobí, že v případě kolize se stávající skupinou se vrátí +úspěšný návratový kód. Při použití s volbou +\fB\-g\fR, pokud již dané GID existuje, vybere se unikární GID +automaticky, (tj. jako kdybyste +\fB\-g\fR +nezadali). +.TP +\fB\-g\fR \fIGID\fR +Číselná hodnota skupinového ID. Tato hodnota musí být unikátní (s +výjimkou volby +\fB\-o\fR). +Hodnota musí být nezáporné celé číslo. Jako výchozí hodnota se použije +nejmenší ID větší než 999 a zároveň větší než ID všech ostatních +skupin. Hodnoty mezi 0 a 999 jsou obvykle rezervovány pro systémové účty. +.TP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí. +.TP +\fB\-K \fR\fB\fIKLÍČ\fR\fR\fB=\fR\fB\fIHODNOTA\fR\fR +Přepíše výchozí nastavení /etc/login.defs (GID_MIN, GID_MAX +apod.). Můžete zadat i více voleb najednou. +.sp +Příklad: +\fB\-K \fR\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\fB \-K \fR\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Poznámka: +\fB\-K \fR\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +zatím nefunguje. +.TP +\fB\-o\fR +Tato volba povolí přidání skupiny s neunikátním GID. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/login.defs\fR +nastavení systému shadow +.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI" +.PP +Názvy skupin musí začínat malým písmenem nebo podtržítkem a mohou +obsahovat pouze malá písmena, čísla, podtržítka, pomlčky a závěrečný +dolar. Vyjádřeno regulárním výrazem: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$] +.PP +Délka názvu skupiny nesmí překročit 16 znaků. +.PP +Jestliže již název skupiny existuje v externí databázi typu NIS, +příkaz +\fBgroupadd\fR +odmítne požadavek na vytvoření této skupiny. +.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupadd\fR +může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami: +.TP +\fI0\fR +úspěch +.TP +\fI2\fR +chybná syntaxe příkazu +.TP +\fI3\fR +chybný argument parametru +.TP +\fI4\fR +GID není unikátní (pokud nepoužijete +\fB\-o\fR) +.TP +\fI9\fR +název skupiny není unikátní +.TP +\fI10\fR +nelze aktualizovat soubor group +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8). diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7991d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +groupdel \- Smaže skupinu +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 9 +\fBgroupdel\fR \fIskupina\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupdel\fR +upraví soubory se systémovými účty tak, že smaže všechy záznamy, které +se odkazují na +\fIskupinu\fR. Daná skupina musí existovat. +.PP +Abyste zajistili, že na souborových systémech nezůstanou soubory +vlastněné mazanou skupinou, musíte je sami vyhledat a příslušně +opravit. +.SH "ZÁLUDNOSTI" +.PP +Nelze odstranit primární skupinu uživatele. Nejprve musíte odstranit +uživatele a pak teprve danou skupinu. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupdel\fR +může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami: +.TP +\fI0\fR +úspěch +.TP +\fI2\fR +chybná syntaxe příkazu +.TP +\fI8\fR +nelze odstranit primární skupinu uživatele +.TP +\fI10\fR +nelze aktualizovat soubor group +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8) diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..daaae62 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "10/20/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +groupmems \- Spravuje členy uživatelovy primární skupiny +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 10 +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuživatel\fR \-d\ \fIuživatel\fR \-l \-D [\-g\ \fIskupina\fR] +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +Nástroj +\fBgroupmems\fR +umožňuje uživatelům spravovat členství ve své primární skupině, aniž +by museli mít superuživatelská práva. Nástroj +\fBgroupmems\fR +je zamýšlen pro systémy, které pro každého uživatele vytváří vlastní +primární skupinu (tj. novak / novak). +.PP +Pouze superuživatel (root) může použít +\fBgroupmems\fR +ke změně členství v ostatních skupinách. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupmems\fR +akceptuje následující volby: +.TP +\fB\-a\fR \fIuživatel\fR +Přidá do seznamu členů skupiny nového uživatele. +.TP +\fB\-d\fR \fIuživatel\fR +Ze seznamu členů skupiny odebere daného uživatele. +.TP +\fB\-D\fR +Ze seznamu členů skupiny odebere všechny uživatele. +.TP +\fB\-g\fR \fIskupina\fR +Superuživatel může zadat skupinu, které se mají změny týkat. +.TP +\fB\-l\fR +Vypíše seznam členů skupiny. +.SH "NASTAVENÍ" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupmems\fR +by měl mít nastavena práva +2710 +a měl by jej vlastnit uživatel +\fIroot\fR +a skupina +\fIgroups\fR. Správce systému může uživatelům povolit +používání nástroje +\fBgroupmems\fR +tím, že přidá uživatele do skupiny groups. Uživatelé si pak mohou sami +spravovat členství ve skupinách. +.sp +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8). +.SH "AUTOR" +.PP +George Kraft IV (gk4@us.ibm.com) diff --git a/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9338994 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +groupmod \- upraví skupinu +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 9 +\fBgroupmod\fR [\-g\ \fIgid\fR\ [\-o\ ]] [\-n\ \fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR] \fIskupina\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupmod\fR +upravuje soubory se systémovými účty tak, aby odpovídaly změnám +zadaným na příkazové řádce. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupmod\fR +akceptuje následující volby: +.TP +\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR +Číselná hodnota skupinového ID. Tato hodnota musí být unikátní (s +výjimkou volby +\fB\-o\fR. +Hodnota musí být nezáporné celé číslo. Hodnoty mezi 0 a 999 jsou +obvykle rezervovány pro systémové účty. U souborů, které měly skupinu +nastavenu na staré GID, ji musíte přenastavit na nové GID ručně. +.TP +\fB\-n\fR \fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR +Jméno skupiny se změní ze +\fIskupina\fR +na +\fInové_jméno_skupiny\fR. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgroupmod\fR +může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami: +.TP +\fI0\fR +úspěch +.TP +\fI2\fR +chybná syntaxe příkazu +.TP +\fI3\fR +chybný argument parametru +.TP +\fI4\fR +zadaná skupina neexistuje +.TP +\fI6\fR +zadaná skupina neexistuje +.TP +\fI9\fR +skupina je již používána +.TP +\fI10\fR +nelze aktualizovat soubor group +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8). diff --git a/man/cs/man8/grpck.8 b/man/cs/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07e67d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +grpck \- ověří integritu skupinových souborů +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 6 +\fBgrpck\fR [\-r] [\fIgroup\fR\ \fIshadow\fR] +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR +ověří integritu informací používaných při autentizaci vůči +systému. Kontrolují se všechny záznamy v souborech +\fI/etc/group\fR +a +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR, +zda mají správný formát a zda jsou ve všech polích jen povolená +data. Při nalezení chybně formátovaných a jinak neopravitelných +záznamů je uživatel vybídnut, aby tyto záznamy smazal. +.PP +U každého záznamu se kontroluje, zda: +.TP 3 +\(bu +má správný počet polí +.TP +\(bu +má unikátní název skupiny +.TP +\(bu +obsahuje platný seznam členů a administrátorů +.PP +Kontroly na správný počet polí a unikátnost názvu skupiny jsou +kritické. Pokud má záznam chybný počet polí, je uživatel vybídnut, aby +záznam smazal. Nebude-li uživatel souhlasit, jsou všechny další +kontroly přeskočeny. U záznamu s duplicitním názvem skupiny je +uživatel taktéž vybídnut ke smazání záznamu, ovšem následné kontroly +nejsou přeskočeny. Všechny ostatní chyby jsou považovány pouze za +varování a uživatel je vyzván k nápravě chyby pomocí příkazu +\fBgroupmod\fR. +.PP +Příkazy pracující se souborem +\fI/etc/group\fR +nemohou měnit porušené nebo duplicitní záznamy. V takových případech +byste měli použít +\fBgrpck\fR +a chybné záznamy odstranit. +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR +implicitně pracuje nad soubory +\fI/etc/group\fR +a +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR. Uživatel může zvolit jiné soubory pomocí parametrů +\fIgroup\fR +a +\fIshadow\fR. +Uživatel dále může parametrem +\fB\-r\fR +zapnout režim jen pro čtení. Prakticky to znamená, že na všechny +otázky ohledně změn se automaticky odpoví +\fIne\fR. +\fBgrpck\fR +také umí setřítit záznamy v souborech +\fI/etc/group\fR +a +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +podle GID. Pro třídící režim zadejte parametr +\fB\-s\fR. +V takovém případě se neprovádí žádné kontroly, soubory se pouze +setřídí. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +citlivé informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +informace o uživatelských účtech +.SH "NÁVRATOVÉ HODNOTY" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBgrpck\fR +může skončit s následujícími návratovými hodnotami: +.TP +\fI0\fR +úspěch +.TP +\fI1\fR +chybná syntaxe příkazu +.TP +\fI2\fR +jeden či více chybných záznamů +.TP +\fI3\fR +nelze otevřít soubory skupin +.TP +\fI4\fR +nelze zamknout soubory skupin +.TP +\fI5\fR +nelze aktualizovat soubory skupin +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8). diff --git a/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67682ec --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +.\" @(#)lastlog.8 3.3 08:24:58 29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release) +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH LASTLOG 8 +.SH JMÉNO +lastlog \- prozkoumá soubor lastlog +.SH SYNTAXE +.B lastlog +.RB [ \-u +.IR přihlašovací\-jméno ] +.RB [ \-t +.IR dny ] +.SH POPIS +\fBlastlog\fR setřídí a zobrazí obsah souboru +\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR, +který obsahuje záznamy o přihlašování a odhlašování uživatelů v systému. +Zobrazí se \fBpřihlašovací jméno\fR, \fBjméno terminálu\fR a \fBčas posledního +přihlašení\fR. +Standardně (tj. bez dalších voleb) lastlog zobrazí záznamy setříděné +podle čísla UID. +Použití přepínače \fB\-u \fIpřihlašovací\-jméno\fR +způsobí, že bude vytištěn pouze poslední záznam o přihlášení příslušného uživatele. +Zadáním \fB\-t \fIdny\fR se zobrazí pouze +ta přihlášení, které jsou dřívější než zadané \fIdny\fR. +Parametr \fB\-t\fR překryje případný parametr \fB\-u\fR. +.PP +Pokud se uživatel ještě nikdy nepřihlásil, zobrazí se zpráva \fB"**Never logged in**"\fR (Nikdy nepřihlášen) +místo jména terminálu a času. +.SH SOUBORY +/var/log/lastlog \- soubor se záznamy o přihlášení a odhlášení +.SH NÁMITKY +Velké rozdíly v UID číslech jsou způsobeny tím, že lastlog program běžel dlouho bez +výstupu na obrazovku (např. mmdf=800 a poslední uid=170, program se bude +jevit jako s uid 171\-799). +.SH AUTOŘI +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@austin.ibm.com) +.br +Phillip Street +.SH PŘELOŽIL +Ondřej Pavlíček (mox@post.cz). diff --git a/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed264c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "11/05/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +logoutd \- Omezuje čas přihlášení +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 8 +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +omezí čas přihlášení a seznam povolených portů podle pravidel zadaných v +\fI/etc/porttime\fR. +\fBlogoutd\fR +by se měl spouštět z +\fI/etc/rc\fR. Program pak pravidelně kontroluje soubor +\fI/var/run/utmp\fR +a zkoumá, zda má daný uživatel oprávnění být přihlášen na daném portu +v daný čas. Všechna sezení, která porušují pravidla zadaná v +\fI/etc/porttime\fR, +jsou ukončena. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/porttime\fR +oprávnění k portům a přihlášení +.TP +\fI/var/run/utmp\fR +seznam aktuálních sezení diff --git a/man/cs/man8/nologin.8 b/man/cs/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92d6be8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "01/07/2006" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +nologin \- slušně odmítne přihlášení +.SH "PŘEHLED" +.HP 8 +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBnologin\fR +zobrazí oznámení, že účet není dostupný a skončí s nenulovým +návratovým kódem. Program je zamýšlen jako vhodná náhrada pole shell +v souboru passwd pro zablokované účty. +.PP +Pro zakázání všech přihlášení prozkoumejte +\fBnologin\fR(5). +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5). +.SH "HISTORIE" +.PP +Příkaz +\fBnologin\fR +se objevil v BSD 4.4. diff --git a/man/cs/man8/vipw.8 b/man/cs/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbef380 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/cs/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +.TH "VIPW" "8" "12/07/2005" "System Management Commands" "System Management Commands" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "JMÉNO" +vipw, vigr \- slouží k úpravě souborů password, group, shadow-password a shadow-group. +.SH "POUŽITÍ" +.HP 5 +\fBvipw\fR [volby] +.HP 5 +\fBvigr\fR [volby] +.SH "POPIS" +.PP +\fBvipw\fR +a +\fBvigr\fR +upravují soubory +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +a +\fI/etc/group\fR. S přepínačem +\fB\-s\fR +budou upravovat stínové verze obou souborů, tj. +\fI/etc/shadow\fR +a +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR. Programy používají zámky, aby předešly porušení +souborů. Při hledání editoru nejprve zkusí proměnnou prostředí +\fB$VISUAL\fR, poté proměnnou prostředí +\fB$EDITOR\fR a na konec spustí standardní editor +\fBvi\fR(1). +.SH "VOLBY" +.PP +Příkazy +\fBvipw\fR +a +\fBvigr\fR +akceptují následující volby: +.TP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +Upraví databázi skupin. +.TP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +Zobrazí nápovědu a skončí. +.TP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +Upraví databázi hesel. +.TP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +Tichý režim. +.TP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +Upraví databázi shadow nebo gshadow. +.SH "SOUBORY" +.TP +\fI/etc/group\fR +informace o skupinových účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR +stínový soubor pro skupiny +.TP +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +informace o uživatelských účtech +.TP +\fI/etc/shadow\fR +citlivé informace o uživatelských účtech +.SH "VIZ TAKÉ" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5)\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5). diff --git a/man/da/Makefile.am b/man/da/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3b0922 --- /dev/null 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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS): +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/da/man1/chfn.1 b/man/da/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d111584 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +chfn \- change real user name and information +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] [\fILOGIND\fR] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "TILVALG" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +\(AEndr brugerens navn\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +\(AEndr brugerens telefonnummer\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +\(AEndr brugerens anden GECOS\-information\&. Dette felt bruges til at gemme kontoinformation brugt af andre programmer, og kan kun \(aendres af en superbruger\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +\(AEndr brugerens v\(aerelsesnummer\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +\(AEndr brugerens arbejdsnummer\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Information om brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man1/groups.1 b/man/da/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88d46b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +groups \- vis aktuelle gruppenavne +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIbruger\fR] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man1/id.1 b/man/da/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..507f181 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Information om brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/da/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/da/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9b5b62 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +newgrp \- log ind p\(oa en ny gruppe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Information om brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man1/sg.1 b/man/da/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..417eb02 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +sg \- execute command as different group ID +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Information om brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/da/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5f7a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +gshadow \- shadowed group file +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains the following colon\-separated fields: +.PP +\fBgruppenavn\fR +.RS 4 +Det skal v\(aere et gyldigt gruppenavn, som findes p\(oa systemet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBencrypted password\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBadministratorer\fR +.RS 4 +Det skal v\(aere en kommaadskilt liste af brugernavne\&. +.sp +Administratorer kan \(aendre adgangskoden eller medlemmerne af gruppen\&. +.sp +Administratorer har ogs\(oa de samme rettigheder som medlemmerne (se nedenfor)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmedlemmer\fR +.RS 4 +Det skal v\(aere en kommaadskilt liste af brugernavne\&. +.sp +Medlemmer kan tilg\(oa gruppen uden at blive spurgt efter en adgangskode\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/da/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33012e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +groupdel \- slet en gruppe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "TILVALG" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +De kan ikke fjerne den prim\(aere gruppe for en eksisterende bruger\&. Du skal fjerne brugeren f\(/or du fjerner gruppen\&. +.PP +Du skal manuelt kontrollere alle filsystemer for at sikre dig, at ingen filer fortsat er ejet af denne gruppe\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/da/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/da/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7876fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +logoutd \- p\(oatving restriktioner for logindperiode +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +File containing port access\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste over aktuelle logindsessioner\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/da/man8/nologin.8 b/man/da/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5aeca9d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +nologin \- n\(aegt venligt et logind +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "HISTORIK" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/da/man8/vigr.8 b/man/da/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/da/man8/vipw.8 b/man/da/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c075b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/da/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Kommandoer for systemh\(oandtering +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Danish +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Kommandoer for systemh\(oandterin" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAVN" +vipw, vigr \- rediger adgangskoden, gruppe, shadow\-adgangskode\- eller shadow\-gruppe\-fil +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fItilvalg\fR] +.SH "BESKRIVELSE" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "TILVALG" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Rediger gruppedatabase\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Vis hj\(aelpeteksten og afslut\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Rediger passwd\-database\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Stille tilstand\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +Rediger shadow\- eller gshadow\-database\&. +.RE +.SH "MILJ\(/O" +.PP +\fBVISUEL\fR +.RS 4 +Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBREDIGERINGSPROGRAM\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "FILER" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Information om gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret gruppekonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Information om brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Information om sikret brugerkonto\&. +.RE +.SH "SE OGS\(oA" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/Makefile.am b/man/de/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cd302e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/de + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chgpasswd.8 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man5/gshadow.5 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/login.defs.5 \ + man8/logoutd.8 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man8/newusers.8 \ + man8/nologin.8 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man8/pwck.8 \ + man8/pwconv.8 \ + man8/pwunconv.8 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man3/shadow.3 \ + man5/shadow.5 \ + man1/su.1 \ + man5/suauth.5 \ + man8/useradd.8 \ + man8/userdel.8 \ + man8/usermod.8 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 + +man_nopam = \ + man5/limits.5 \ + man5/login.access.5 \ + man5/porttime.5 + +if !USE_PAM +man_MANS += $(man_nopam) +endif + +EXTRA_DIST = \ + $(man_MANS) \ + man1/id.1 \ + man8/sulogin.8 + +if USE_PAM +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam) +endif + +include ../generate_translations.mak + diff --git a/man/de/Makefile.in b/man/de/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46602dc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.1 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free 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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local: +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8 + +#$(man_MANS): +# @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS): +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/de/man1/chage.1 b/man/de/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c02f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chage \- \(:andert die Information zum Passwortverfall +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Legt die Anzahl der Tage, gerechnet ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, fest, seit denen das Passwort das letzte Mal gewechselt wurde\&. Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ\-MM\-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Setzt das Datum oder die Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1\&. Januar 1970, ab dem auf das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugegriffen werden kann\&. Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ\-MM\-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden\&. Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto gesperrt ist, muss sich mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er sich wieder am System anmelden kann\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt Informationen zur Kontoalterung an +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "ANMERKUNGEN" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/chfn.1 b/man/de/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce155d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chfn \- \(:andert den vollst\(:andigen Namen eines Benutzers und sonstige Informationen +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +ver\(:andert den vollst\(:andigen Namen des Benutzers +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +\(:andert die private Telefonnummer des Benutzers +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Ver\(:andert die sonstigen Informationen \(:uber den Benutzer in der GECOS\-Zeile\&. In diesem Feld werden Kontoinformationen anderer Anwendungen gespeichert\&. Es kann nur vom Superuser ver\(:andert werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +\(:andert die Zimmernummer des Benutzers +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +ver\(:andert die berufliche Telefonnummer des Benutzers +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts (Prompt) verwendet\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird \(FcPassword: \(Fo oder eine \(:Ubersetzung davon benutzt\&. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die Eingabeaufforderung nicht \(:ubersetzt\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/chsh.1 b/man/de/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d41053 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chsh \- \(:andert die Anmelde\-Shell +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Der Name der neuen Anmelde\-Shell des Benutzers\&. Falls dieses Feld leer gelassen wird, verwendet das System die Standard\-Anmelde\-Shell\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "ANMERKUNGEN" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts (Prompt) verwendet\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird \(FcPassword: \(Fo oder eine \(:Ubersetzung davon benutzt\&. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die Eingabeaufforderung nicht \(:ubersetzt\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Liste der m\(:oglichen Anmelde\-Shells +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/expiry.1 b/man/de/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0161e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +expiry \- \(:uberpr\(:uft die Regeln f\(:ur den Verfall des Passworts und setzt diese um +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIOption\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +\(:uberpr\(:uft den Verfall des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +erzwingt den Wechsel des Passworts des aktuellen Benutzers, falls dieses abgelaufen ist +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b13b35 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: Rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIOption\fR] \fIGruppe\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Hinweise zu Gruppenpassw\(:ortern" +.PP +Gruppenpassw\(:orter beinhalten ein Sicherheitsrisiko, da mehrere Personen das Passwort kennen\&. Dennoch k\(:onnen sie sinnvoll sein, um die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Benutzern zu erleichtern\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Liste der Gruppenverwalter bestimmen +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Liste der Mitglieder der Gruppe bestimmen +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/groups.1 b/man/de/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..583d782 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groups \- zeigt die aktuell verwendeten Gruppennamen an +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIBenutzer\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "ANMERKUNGEN" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/id.1 b/man/de/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91b285d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/de/man1/login.1 b/man/de/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abc3b50 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,488 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login \- startet eine Sitzung auf dem System +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIBenutzername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIBenutzername\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Ein Startskript f\(:ur Ihren Befehlsinterpreter kann auch ausgef\(:uhrt werden\&. Sehen Sie bitte in den entsprechenden Handbuchseiten f\(:ur weitere Informationen dar\(:uber nach\&. +.PP +Eine Subsystem\-Anmeldung wird durch einen \(Fc*\(Fo als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde\-Shell gekennzeichnet\&. Das angegebene Home\-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel f\(:ur das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tats\(:achlich angemeldet ist\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Keine Authentifizierung durchf\(:uhren, Benutzer ist bereits angemeldet\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Name des entfernt stehenden Rechners f\(:ur die Anmeldung +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +beh\(:alt die Umgebungseinstellungen bei +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +f\(:uhrt das Autologin\-Protokoll f\(:ur rlogin aus +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +Der Ort der Konfigurationsdateien kann je nach Konfiguration des Systems unterschiedlich sein\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Die Konfiguration erfolgt entweder \(:uber die Angabe des vollen Pfadnamens einer Datei, welche die Namen der Ger\(:ate enth\(:alt (eines pro Zeile), oder mit einer Liste der Ger\(:atenamen, die mit \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt sind\&. Root kann sich nur auf diesen Ger\(:aten anmelden\&. +.sp +Wenn es unkonfiguriert gelassen wird, kann sich Root auf jedem Ger\(:at anmelden\&. +.sp +Das Ger\(:at soll ohne vorangestelltes /dev/ angegeben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Legt fest, ob ein Login erlaubt wird, wenn mit cd nicht in das Home\-Verzeichnis gewechselt werden kann\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird dies nicht zugelassen\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Wenn diese Datei vorhanden ist, wird die Anmeldeumgebung aus ihr gelesen\&. Jede Zeile sollte die Form Name=Wert haben\&. +.sp +Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, werden als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +Wenn der Wert mit \(Fc0\(Fo beginnt, wird er als Oktalzahl gewertet, wenn er mit \(Fc0x\(Fo beginnt, als Hexadezimalzahl\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Wartezeit in Sekunden, ehe nach einem fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuch ein neuer unternommen werden kann +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, werden fehlgeschlagene Anmeldeversuche in dieser Datei im Format utmp protokolliert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, kann diese Datei die \(:ubliche Informationsanzeige w\(:ahrend des Anmeldevorgangs unterbinden\&. Wenn ein vollst\(:andiger Pfad angegeben wird, wird der Modus ohne Anmeldeinformationen verwendet, wenn der Name oder die Shell des Benutzers in der Datei enthalten sind\&. Wenn kein vollst\(:andiger Pfad angegeben wird, wird der Modus ohne Anmeldeinformationen aktiviert, wenn die Datei im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers existiert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, wird diese Datei vor der Anmeldeaufforderung angezeigt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +Wenn der Wert mit \(Fc0\(Fo beginnt, wird er als Oktalzahl gewertet, wenn er mit \(Fc0x\(Fo beginnt, als Hexadezimalzahl\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Protokollierung und Anzeige der Informationen zu Anmeldezeiten in +/var/log/lastlog +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +maximale Anzahl von Anmeldeversuchen, wenn ein falsches Passwort eingegeben wird +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts (Prompt) verwendet\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird \(FcPassword: \(Fo oder eine \(:Ubersetzung davon benutzt\&. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die Eingabeaufforderung nicht \(:ubersetzt\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +H\(:ochstdauer f\(:ur einen Anmeldeversuch +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Protokollierung erfolgreicher Anmeldungen +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Anzeige unbekannter Benutzernamen, wenn fehlgeschlagene Anmeldeversuche aufgezeichnet werden +.sp +Hinweis: Das Protokollieren unbekannter Benutzernamen kann ein Sicherheitsproblem darstellen, wenn ein Benutzer sein Passwort anstelle seines Anmeldenamens eingibt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Pr\(:ufung und Anzeige des Status der Mailbox bei der Anmeldung +.sp +Sie sollten dies abschalten, wenn schon die Startdateien der Shell die Mails pr\(:ufen (\(Fcmailx \-e\(Fo oder \(:ahnliches)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, eine Aufz\(:ahlung von Dateien, welche die bei der Anmeldung anzuzeigenden \(FcNachrichten des Tages\(Fo enth\(:alt\&. Die Dateien werden mit einem \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, der Name einer Datei, deren Existenz Anmeldungen au\(sser von Root verhindert\&. Der Inhalt der Datei sollte die Gr\(:unde enthalten, weshalb Anmeldungen untersagt sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, eine Datei, welche einer tty\-Zeile den Umgebungsparameter TERM zuweist\&. Jede Zeile hat das Format wie etwa \(Fcvt100 tty01\(Fo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Bit\-Gruppe, welche die Rechte von erstellten Dateien bestimmt, wird anf\(:anglich auf diesen Wert gesetzt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird sie auf 022 gesetzt\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask\-Gruppen\-Bits auf ihre Umask\-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007), falls die UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen \(:ubereinstimmt\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +Liste der vorangegangenen angemeldeten Sitzungen +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +Datei mit der Systemmeldung des Tages +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +verhindert, dass sich Benutzer au\(sser Root anmelden +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +Liste der Terminaltypen +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +unterdr\(:uckt die Ausgabe von Systemnachrichten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/de/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffa6a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newgrp \- als neue Gruppe anmelden +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIGruppe\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/passwd.1 b/man/de/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aababb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +passwd \- \(:andert das Passwort eines Benutzers +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIANMELDENAME\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Ver\(:andern des Passworts" +.PP +Der Benutzer wird zuerst nach seinem alten Passwort gefragt, falls eines vorhanden ist\&. Dieses Passwort wird dann verschl\(:usselt und mit dem gespeicherten Passwort verglichen\&. Der Benutzer hat nur eine Gelegenheit, das richtige Passwort einzugeben\&. Der Superuser kann diesen Schritt \(:uberspringen, um so vergessene Passw\(:orter zu \(:andern\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +Der Benutzer wird dann aufgefordert, zweimal ein neues Passwort einzugeben\&. Beide Eingaben werden miteinander verglichen\&. Sie m\(:ussen \(:ubereinstimmen, damit das Passwort ge\(:andert wird\&. +.PP +Anschlie\(ssend wird das Passwort auf seine Komplexit\(:at \(:uberpr\(:uft\&. Eine allgemeine Richtlinie besagt, dass Passw\(:orter aus sechs bis acht Zeichen bestehen sollten und ein oder mehrere Zeichen aus folgenden Mengen enthalten sollten: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Kleinbuchstaben +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Ziffern 0 bis 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Satzzeichen +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Hinweise zu Benutzerpassw\(:ortern" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +Gefahren f\(:ur die Sicherheit von Passw\(:ortern kommen gew\(:ohnlich von sorgloser Wahl oder Handhabung des Passworts\&. Daher sollten Sie kein Passwort w\(:ahlen, das in einem W\(:orterbuch auftaucht oder das aufgeschrieben werden muss\&. Das Passwort sollte somit kein echter Name, Ihr Autokennzeichen, Geburtstag oder Ihre Adresse sein\&. All das kann dazu verwendet werden, das Passwort zu erraten, und stellt daher eine Gefahr f\(:ur die Sicherheit Ihres Systems dar\&. +.PP +You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +L\(:oscht das Passwort eines Benutzers (macht es leer)\&. Dies ist ein schneller Weg, um das Passwort eines Kontos zu deaktivieren\&. Dem Konto ist dann kein Passwort zugeordnet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +L\(:asst das Passwort eines Kontos sofort verfallen\&. Im Ergebnis kann damit erreicht werden, dass ein Benutzer beim n\(:achsten Login das Passwort \(:andern muss\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Zeigt an, dass nur abgelaufene Passw\(:orter ge\(:andert werden sollen\&. Der Benutzer m\(:ochte seine g\(:ultigen Passw\(:orter unver\(:andert lassen\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Sperrt das Passwort des bezeichneten Kontos\&. Die Option schaltet ein Passwort ab, indem es ihm einen Wert zuweist, der mit keinem m\(:oglichen verschl\(:usselten Wert \(:ubereinstimmen kann\&. Dies geschieht, indem ein \(Fc!\(Fo dem Passwort vorangestellt wird\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Benutzer mit einem gesperrten Passwort k\(:onnen dieses nicht \(:andern\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +stiller Modus +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Zeigt Informationen \(:uber den Kontostatus an\&. Die Statusinformation besteht aus sieben Feldern\&. Das erste Feld ist der Anmeldename des Benutzers\&. Das zweite Feld zeigt an, ob das Benutzerkonto ein gesperrtes Passwort (L), kein Passwort (NP) oder ein verwendbares Passwort hat (P)\&. Das dritte Feld zeigt das Datum der letzten \(:Anderung des Passworts an\&. Die n\(:achsten vier Felder sind das Mindestalter, das H\(:ochstalter, die Dauer der Warnung und die Dauer der Unt\(:atigkeit f\(:ur das Passwort\&. Die Zeitr\(:aume werden in Tagen ausgedr\(:uckt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Die Komplexit\(:at der Passwortpr\(:ufung kann sich auf verschiedenen Systemen unterscheiden\&. Der Benutzer wird angehalten, ein m\(:oglichst komplexes, von ihm aber gut zu verwendendes Passwort zu w\(:ahlen\&. +.PP +Benutzer k\(:onnen unter Umst\(:anden ihr Passwort nicht \(:andern, wenn auf dem System NIS aktiviert ist, sie aber nicht am NIS\-Server angemeldet sind\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Aktiviert zus\(:atzliche Tests bei der Ver\(:anderung eines Passworts\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +weist auf schwache Passw\(:orter hin (aber l\(:asst sie zu), falls Sie root sind +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +maximale Anzahl von Versuchen, ein Passwort zu \(:andern, wenn dies wegen zu geringer St\(:arke des gew\(:ahlten Passworts abgelehnt wurde +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/sg.1 b/man/de/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be4db9b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +sg \- f\(:uhrt einen Befehl unter einer anderen Gruppen\-ID aus +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man1/su.1 b/man/de/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..748b696 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +su \- \(:andert die Benutzer\-ID oder wechselt zu Root +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIBenutzername\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +Der Benutzer wird gegebenenfalls nach einem Passwort gefragt\&. Ung\(:ultige Passworteingaben werden eine Fehlermeldung erzeugen\&. Sowohl erfolgreiche als auch misslungene Versuche werden protokolliert, um Missbrauch des Systems zu entdecken\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Eine Subsystem\-Anmeldung wird durch einen \(Fc*\(Fo als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde\-Shell gekennzeichnet\&. Das angegebene Home\-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel f\(:ur das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tats\(:achlich angemeldet ist\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Eine Umgebung wird zur Verf\(:ugung gestellt, die der entspricht, die der Benutzer nach einer direkten Anmeldung erwartet\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +die Shell, die gestartet wird +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Bq\(lq, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Die Konfiguration erfolgt entweder \(:uber die Angabe des vollen Pfadnamens einer Datei, welche die Namen der Ger\(:ate enth\(:alt (eines pro Zeile), oder mit einer Liste der Ger\(:atenamen, die mit \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt sind\&. Root kann sich nur auf diesen Ger\(:aten anmelden\&. +.sp +Wenn es unkonfiguriert gelassen wird, kann sich Root auf jedem Ger\(:at anmelden\&. +.sp +Das Ger\(:at soll ohne vorangestelltes /dev/ angegeben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Legt fest, ob ein Login erlaubt wird, wenn mit cd nicht in das Home\-Verzeichnis gewechselt werden kann\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird dies nicht zugelassen\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Wenn diese Datei vorhanden ist, wird die Anmeldeumgebung aus ihr gelesen\&. Jede Zeile sollte die Form Name=Wert haben\&. +.sp +Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, werden als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts (Prompt) verwendet\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird \(FcPassword: \(Fo oder eine \(:Ubersetzung davon benutzt\&. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die Eingabeaufforderung nicht \(:ubersetzt\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Pr\(:ufung und Anzeige des Status der Mailbox bei der Anmeldung +.sp +Sie sollten dies abschalten, wenn schon die Startdateien der Shell die Mails pr\(:ufen (\(Fcmailx \-e\(Fo oder \(:ahnliches)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Wenn angegeben, wird jeder Aufruf von su in dieser Datei protokolliert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit kann die Anzeige des Namens des Befehls festgelegt werden, wenn \(Fcsu \-\(Fo ausgef\(:uhrt wird\&. Wenn beispielsweise dies auf \(Fcsu\(Fo gesetzt wurde, zeigt \(Fcps\(Fo den Befehl als \(Fc\-su\(Fo an\&. Wenn es dagegen nicht vergeben wurde, wird \(Fcps\(Fo den Namen der Shell anzeigen, die ausgef\(:uhrt wird, also etwa \(Fc\-sh\(Fo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask\-Gruppen\-Bits auf ihre Umask\-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007), falls die UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen \(:ubereinstimmt\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/de/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/de/man3/shadow.3 b/man/de/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e221491 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Bibliotheksaufrufe +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Bibliotheksaufrufe" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +shadow, getspnam \- Routinen f\(:ur die Datei, die die verschl\(:usselten Passw\(:orter enth\(:alt +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fI#include \fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fItruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIDATEIEN\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Die Bedeutung dieser Felder ist: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- Verweis auf Benutzername, der mit einer Null endet +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- Verweis auf Passwort, das mit einer Null endet +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- Anzahl der Tage gerechnet ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, seitdem das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- Anzahl der Tage, ehe das Passwort nicht ge\(:andert werden darf +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- Anzahl der Tage, nach denen das Passwort ge\(:andert werden muss +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- Anzahl der Tage ehe das Passwort verf\(:allt, an denen der Benutzer vor dem Verfall gewarnt wird +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- Anzahl der Tage nach dem Verfall des Passworts, nach denen das Konto als inaktiv angesehen und abgeschaltet wird +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- Anzahl Tage gerechnet ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, f\(:ur die das Konto abgeschaltet ist +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- f\(:ur zuk\(:unftigen Gebrauch reserviert +.RE +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSE" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Diese Routinen k\(:onnen nur von Root verwendet werden, da der Zugriff auf die Shadow\-Passwort\-Datei beschr\(:ankt ist\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/faillog.5 b/man/de/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..042ff70 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +faillog \- Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +Eintr\(:age in dieser Datei haben eine festgelegte L\(:ange und sind der zahlenm\(:a\(ssigen UID nach angeordnet\&. Jeder Eintrag besteht aus der Anzahl der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen seit der letzten erfolgreichen Anmeldung, der maximalen Anzahl von Fehlschl\(:agen, ehe das Konto abgeschaltet wird, dem Ger\(:at, auf dem die letzte fehlgeschlagene Anmeldung erfolgte, das Datum der letzten fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldung und die Dauer in Sekunden, f\(:ur die das Konto nach einem Fehlschlag gesperrt ist\&. +.PP +Die Datei ist so aufgebaut: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/de/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/de/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06e6476 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +gshadow \- Shadow\-Datei f\(:ur Gruppen +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +Um die Sicherheit der Passw\(:orter zu gew\(:ahrleisten, darf diese Datei nicht f\(:ur normale Benutzer lesbar sein\&. +.PP +Die darin enthaltenen Zeilen haben folgende Felder, die durch Doppelpunkt getrennt sind: +.PP +\fBGruppenname\fR +.RS 4 +Es muss sich um einen g\(:ultigen, auf dem System vorhandenen Gruppennamen handeln\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBverschl\(:usseltes Passwort\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +Dieses Feld kann leer bleiben\&. Dies hat zur Folge, dass nur Gruppenmitglieder von den Rechten der Gruppe Gebrauch machen k\(:onnen\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGruppenverwalter\fR +.RS 4 +Es muss sich dabei um eine durch Kommas getrennte Liste von Benutzernamen handeln\&. +.sp +Gruppenverwalter k\(:onnen das Passwort und die Mitglieder der Gruppe \(:andern\&. +.sp +Gruppenverwalter haben die gleichen Recht wie die Gruppenmitglieder (siehe unten)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMitglieder\fR +.RS 4 +Es muss sich dabei um eine durch Kommas getrennte Liste von Benutzernamen handeln\&. +.sp +Mitglieder haben Zugang zu der Gruppe, ohne eine Passwort eingeben zu m\(:ussen\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/limits.5 b/man/de/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fef705 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LIMITS" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +limits \- Festlegung von Resourcenbeschr\(:ankungen +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +Standardm\(:a\(ssig bestehen f\(:ur Root keine Einschr\(:ankungen\&. Tats\(:achlich gibt es keine M\(:oglichkeit, mit diesem Verfahren Root\-Konten (Konten mit der UID 0) Beschr\(:ankungen aufzuerlegen\&. +.PP +Jede Zeile beschreibt eine Beschr\(:ankung f\(:ur einen Benutzer in der Form: +.PP +\fIBenutzer BESCHR\(:ANKUNGSZEICHENKETTE\fR +.PP +oder in der Form: +.PP +\fI@Gruppe BESCHR\(:ANKUNGSZEICHENKETTE\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +G\(:ultige Kennungen sind: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A: maximaler Adressraum (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C: maximale Gr\(:o\(sse der Speicherabbild\-Datei +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D: maximale Datengr\(:o\(sse (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F: maximum file size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I: Maximaler Wert von nice (0 bis 39, was in 20 bis \-19 \(:ubersetzt wird) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L: maximale Anzahl von Logins f\(:ur diesen Benutzer +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M: maximaler gesperrter Adressbereich im Speicher (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N: maximale Anzahl offener Dateien +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O: Maximale Echtzeit\-Priorit\(:at +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R: maximale Resident Set Size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S: maximale Gr\(:o\(sse des Stapelverarbeitungsspeichers (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T: maximale CPU\-Zeit (Min) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U: maximale Anzahl von Prozessen +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Ber\(:ucksichtigen Sie auch, dass alle Beschr\(:ankungen nur JE ANMELDUNG gelten\&. Sie sind nicht global und auch nicht dauerhaft\&. Vielleicht wird es einmal globale Beschr\(:ankungen geben, f\(:ur jetzt muss dies aber reichen ;) +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/login.access.5 b/man/de/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9eedaf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login.access \- Tabelle f\(:ur die Zugangskontrolle zur Anmeldung +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Jede Zeile der Tabelle f\(:ur die Zugangskontrolle enth\(:alt drei Felder, die jeweils durch einen Doppelpunkt \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt sind: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +Die Gruppendatei wird nur durchsucht, wenn ein Name nicht mit dem des angemeldeten Benutzers \(:ubereinstimmt\&. Eine \(:Ubereinstimmung mit Gruppen wird nur festgestellt, wenn darin der Benutzer ausdr\(:ucklich aufgef\(:uhrt ist\&. Das Programm beachtet also nicht den Wert der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/de/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb6ee09 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,855 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login.defs \- Konfiguration der Werkzeugsammlung f\(:ur Shadow\-Passw\(:orter +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +Diese Datei ist eine lesbare Textdatei\&. Jede Zeile der Datei beschreibt einen Konfigurationsparameter\&. Eine Zeile besteht aus einem Konfigurationsnamen und einem Wert, die durch ein Leerzeichen getrennt sind\&. Leer\- und Kommentarzeilen werden nicht beachtet\&. Kommentare werden mit dem Rautezeichen \(Fc#\(Fo eingeleitet\&. Die Raute muss das erste nicht leere Zeichen der Zeile sein\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +Die folgenden Konfigurationsm\(:oglichkeiten sind vorhanden: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Die Konfiguration erfolgt entweder \(:uber die Angabe des vollen Pfadnamens einer Datei, welche die Namen der Ger\(:ate enth\(:alt (eines pro Zeile), oder mit einer Liste der Ger\(:atenamen, die mit \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt sind\&. Root kann sich nur auf diesen Ger\(:aten anmelden\&. +.sp +Wenn es unkonfiguriert gelassen wird, kann sich Root auf jedem Ger\(:at anmelden\&. +.sp +Das Ger\(:at soll ohne vorangestelltes /dev/ angegeben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +bestimmt, ob standardm\(:a\(ssig ein Home\-Verzeichnis f\(:ur neue Benutzer erstellt werden soll +.sp +Diese Einstellung trifft nicht auf Systembenutzer zu\&. Sie kann auf der Befehlszeile \(:uberschrieben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Legt fest, ob ein Login erlaubt wird, wenn mit cd nicht in das Home\-Verzeichnis gewechselt werden kann\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird dies nicht zugelassen\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Wenn diese Datei vorhanden ist, wird die Anmeldeumgebung aus ihr gelesen\&. Jede Zeile sollte die Form Name=Wert haben\&. +.sp +Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, werden als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +Wenn der Wert mit \(Fc0\(Fo beginnt, wird er als Oktalzahl gewertet, wenn er mit \(Fc0x\(Fo beginnt, als Hexadezimalzahl\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Wartezeit in Sekunden, ehe nach einem fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuch ein neuer unternommen werden kann +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, werden fehlgeschlagene Anmeldeversuche in dieser Datei im Format utmp protokolliert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, kann diese Datei die \(:ubliche Informationsanzeige w\(:ahrend des Anmeldevorgangs unterbinden\&. Wenn ein vollst\(:andiger Pfad angegeben wird, wird der Modus ohne Anmeldeinformationen verwendet, wenn der Name oder die Shell des Benutzers in der Datei enthalten sind\&. Wenn kein vollst\(:andiger Pfad angegeben wird, wird der Modus ohne Anmeldeinformationen aktiviert, wenn die Datei im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers existiert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, wird diese Datei vor der Anmeldeaufforderung angezeigt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +Wenn der Wert mit \(Fc0\(Fo beginnt, wird er als Oktalzahl gewertet, wenn er mit \(Fc0x\(Fo beginnt, als Hexadezimalzahl\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Protokollierung und Anzeige der Informationen zu Anmeldezeiten in +/var/log/lastlog +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Protokollierung erfolgreicher Anmeldungen +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Anzeige unbekannter Benutzernamen, wenn fehlgeschlagene Anmeldeversuche aufgezeichnet werden +.sp +Hinweis: Das Protokollieren unbekannter Benutzernamen kann ein Sicherheitsproblem darstellen, wenn ein Benutzer sein Passwort anstelle seines Anmeldenamens eingibt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +maximale Anzahl von Anmeldeversuchen, wenn ein falsches Passwort eingegeben wird +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Diese Zeichenkette wird bei der Eingabeaufforderung des Passworts (Prompt) verwendet\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig wird \(FcPassword: \(Fo oder eine \(:Ubersetzung davon benutzt\&. Wenn Sie diese Variable definieren, wird die Eingabeaufforderung nicht \(:ubersetzt\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +H\(:ochstdauer f\(:ur einen Anmeldeversuch +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +aktiviert die Pr\(:ufung und Anzeige des Status der Mailbox bei der Anmeldung +.sp +Sie sollten dies abschalten, wenn schon die Startdateien der Shell die Mails pr\(:ufen (\(Fcmailx \-e\(Fo oder \(:ahnliches)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, eine Aufz\(:ahlung von Dateien, welche die bei der Anmeldung anzuzeigenden \(FcNachrichten des Tages\(Fo enth\(:alt\&. Die Dateien werden mit einem \(Fc:\(Fo getrennt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, der Name einer Datei, deren Existenz Anmeldungen au\(sser von Root verhindert\&. Der Inhalt der Datei sollte die Gr\(:unde enthalten, weshalb Anmeldungen untersagt sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Aktiviert zus\(:atzliche Tests bei der Ver\(:anderung eines Passworts\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +weist auf schwache Passw\(:orter hin (aber l\(:asst sie zu), falls Sie root sind +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +maximale Anzahl von Versuchen, ein Passwort zu \(:andern, wenn dies wegen zu geringer St\(:arke des gew\(:ahlten Passworts abgelehnt wurde +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Passwort verwendet werden darf\&. Wenn das Passwort \(:alter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts erzwungen\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen wird\&. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu \(:andern, wird abgelehnt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das Passwort verf\(:allt\&. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des Verfalls ausgegeben wird\&. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine Vorwarnung erfolgt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung ausgegeben\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Wenn angegeben, wird jeder Aufruf von su in dieser Datei protokolliert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit kann die Anzeige des Namens des Befehls festgelegt werden, wenn \(Fcsu \-\(Fo ausgef\(:uhrt wird\&. Wenn beispielsweise dies auf \(Fcsu\(Fo gesetzt wurde, zeigt \(Fcps\(Fo den Befehl als \(Fc\-su\(Fo an\&. Wenn es dagegen nicht vergeben wurde, wird \(Fcps\(Fo den Namen der Shell anzeigen, die ausgef\(:uhrt wird, also etwa \(Fc\-sh\(Fo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, eine Datei, welche einer tty\-Zeile den Umgebungsparameter TERM zuweist\&. Jede Zeile hat das Format wie etwa \(Fcvt100 tty01\(Fo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Bit\-Gruppe, welche die Rechte von erstellten Dateien bestimmt, wird anf\(:anglich auf diesen Wert gesetzt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird sie auf 022 gesetzt\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, wird dieser Befehl ausgef\(:uhrt, wenn ein Benutzer entfernt wird\&. Damit k\(:onnen At\-, Cron\- und Druckauftr\(:age etc\&. des entfernten Benutzers (wird als erstes Argument \(:ubergeben) gel\(:oscht werden\&. +.sp +Der R\(:uckgabewert des Skripts wird nicht ausgewertet\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask\-Gruppen\-Bits auf ihre Umask\-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007), falls die UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen \(:ubereinstimmt\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "QUERVERWEISE" +.PP +Die folgenden Querverweise zeigen, welche Programme aus der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung welche Parameter verwenden\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/passwd.5 b/man/de/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1e0b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +passwd \- die Passwortdatei +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Bq:\(lq)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Anmeldename +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +optional verschl\(:usseltes Passwort +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerische Benutzer\-ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerische Gruppen\-ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Benutzername oder Kommentarfeld +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +optional Befehlsinterpreter des Benutzers +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(Bqx\(lq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +optionale Datei f\(:ur verschl\(:usseltes Passwort +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +Sicherungskopie von /etc/passwd +.sp +Beachten Sie, dass diese Datei von Werkzeugen der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung verwendet wird, aber nicht von allen sonstigen Programmen zur Benutzer\- und Passwortverwaltung\&. +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/porttime.5 b/man/de/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88b0611 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +porttime \- Datei f\(:ur zeitlich begrenzten Zugang zu Ports +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Jeder Eintrag besteht aus drei Feldern, die durch Doppelpunkte getrennt sind\&. Das erste Feld enth\(:alt eine Liste von tty\-Ger\(:aten, die durch Kommata getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser Eintrag auf alle tty\-Ger\(:ate zutrifft\&. Das zweite Feld enth\(:alt eine Liste von Benutzernamen, die durch Kommata getrennt sind, oder einen Stern, was bedeutet, dass dieser Eintrag auf alle Benutzernamen zutrifft\&. Das dritte Feld ist eine Liste von Anmeldezeiten, die durch Kommata getrennt sind\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "BEISPIELE" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Datei, die den Port\-Zugriff enth\(:alt\&. +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/shadow.5 b/man/de/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45769af --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +shadow \- Shadow\-Passwortdatei +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +Um die Sicherheit der Passw\(:orter zu gew\(:ahrleisten, darf diese Datei nicht f\(:ur normale Benutzer lesbar sein\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Bq:\(lq), in the following order: +.PP +\fBAnmeldename\fR +.RS 4 +Dabei muss es sich um eine g\(:ultigen Kontonamen handeln, der auf dem System existiert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBverschl\(:usseltes Passwort\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDatum, an dem das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde\fR +.RS 4 +Das Datum, als das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde, wird als Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1\&. Januar 1970 ausgedr\(:uckt\&. +.sp +The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&. +.sp +Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Altern des Passworts abgeschaltet ist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMindestalter des Passworts\fR +.RS 4 +Das Mindestalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, die ein Benutzer warten muss, bevor er sein Passwort wieder \(:andern darf\&. +.sp +Eine leeres Feld oder der Wert 0 bedeuten, dass es kein Mindestalter eines Passworts gibt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBH\(:ochstalter des Passworts\fR +.RS 4 +Das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts ist die Anzahl von Tagen, nach welcher der Benutzer sein Passwort \(:andern muss\&. +.sp +Auch nach Ablauf dieser Anzahl von Tagen bleibt das Passwort g\(:ultig\&. Der Benutzer wird bei der n\(:achsten Anmeldung aufgefordert, sein Passwort zu \(:andern\&. +.sp +Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es kein H\(:ochstalter f\(:ur das Passwort, keine Vorwarnung und keine Dauer der Unt\(:atigkeit (siehe unten) gibt\&. +.sp +Wenn das H\(:ochstalter niedriger als das Mindestalter eines Passworts ist, kann ein Benutzer sein Passwort nicht \(:andern\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPasswortvorwarndauer\fR +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, w\(:ahrend welcher der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor sein Passwort abl\(:auft (siehe das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts)\&. +.sp +Ein leeres Feld oder der Wert 0 bedeutet, dass es keine Vorwarnung gibt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDauer der fehlenden Verwendung des Passworts\fR +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Benutzer sein Passwort, nachdem es abgelaufen ist (vergleiche oben das H\(:ochstalter des Passworts), noch verwenden kann (und w\(:ahrend des n\(:achsten Logins \(:andern muss)\&. +.sp +Nachdem das Passwort abgelaufen ist und auch die Dauer der Unt\(:atigkeit verstrichen ist, kann sich der Benutzer mit seinem Passwort nicht mehr anmelden\&. Er muss sich dann an den Administrator wenden\&. +.sp +Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass es keine H\(:ochstdauer zwischen Ablauf des Passworts und erneuter Anmeldung des Benutzers gibt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDatum des Verfalls des Kontos\fR +.RS 4 +Das Datum, an dem das Konto verf\(:allt, wird als Anzahl der Tage seit dem 1\&. Januar 1970 ausgedr\(:uckt\&. +.sp +Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&. +.sp +Ein leeres Feld bedeutet, dass das Konto nicht verfallen wird\&. +.sp +Der Wert 0 sollte nicht verwendet werden, weil er sowohl bedeuten kann, dass das Konto nicht verf\(:allt als auch, dass das Konto bereits am 1\&. Januar 1970 verfallen ist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBreserviertes Feld\fR +.RS 4 +Dieses Feld ist f\(:ur zuk\(:unftigen Gebrauch reserviert\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +Sicherungskopie von /etc/shadow +.sp +Beachten Sie, dass diese Datei von Werkzeugen der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung verwendet wird, aber nicht von allen sonstigen Programmen zur Benutzer\- und Passwortverwaltung\&. +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man5/suauth.5 b/man/de/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..073f942 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Dateiformate und konvertierung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Dateiformate und konvertierung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +suauth \- ausf\(:uhrliche Kontrolldatei f\(:ur su +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) dem Benutzer, der su ausf\(:uhrt (oder einer Gruppe, deren Mitglied er ist) +.PP +Die Datei ist folgenderma\(ssen aufgebaut, wobei Zeilen, die mit einem # beginnen, als Kommentare behandelt und daher ignoriert werden: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +Als Aktion k\(:onnen nur die folgenden Optionen angegeben werden\&. +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +Der Versuch, su auszuf\(:uhren, wird abgebrochen, ehe nach einem Passwort gefragt wird\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Der Versuch, su auszuf\(:uhren, hat automatisch Erfolg\&. Ein Passwort wird nicht abgefragt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Damit der Befehl su Erfolg hat, muss der Benutzer sein eigenes Passwort eingeben\&. Darauf wird er hingewiesen\&. +.RE +.PP +Beachten Sie, dass es sich um drei selbst\(:andige Felder handelt, die durch einen Doppelpunkt getrennt sind\&. Neben den Doppelpunkten darf sich kein Leerzeichen befinden\&. Beachten Sie zudem, dass die Datei von oben nach unten Zeile f\(:ur Zeile durchgegangen wird\&. Die erste Regel, die zutreffend ist, wird angewendet, ohne dass die Datei weiter ausgewertet wird\&. Damit kann ein Systemadministrator eine strenge Kontrolle aus\(:uben\&. +.SH "BEISPIEL" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "FEHLER" +.PP +Es gibt zahlreiche Fehlerquellen\&. Die Auswertung der Datei ist sehr empfindlich bei Syntaxfehlern, zus\(:atzlichen Leerzeichen (au\(sser am Anfang und Schluss einer Zeile) und dem besonderen Zeichen, das die verschiedenen Felder von einander trennt\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSE" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e56645 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chgpasswd \- aktualisiert Gruppenpassw\(:orter im Batch\-Modus +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in gro\(ssen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden m\(:ussen\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&. +.sp +Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Passw\(:orter werden verschl\(:usselt angegeben\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +werwendet zur Verschl\(:usselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passw\(:orter unverschl\(:usselt angegeben werden +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&. +.sp +Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&. +.sp +Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschl\(:usselte Dateien lesen k\(:onnen\&. +.PP +Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passw\(:orter und Verschl\(:usselungsmethode in Einklage mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d75c6d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chpasswd \- aktualisiert Passw\(:orter im Batch\-Modus +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in gro\(ssen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden m\(:ussen\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&. +.sp +Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Passw\(:orter werden verschl\(:usselt angegeben\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +werwendet zur Verschl\(:usselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passw\(:orter unverschl\(:usselt angegeben werden +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&. +.sp +Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&. +.sp +Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschl\(:usselte Dateien lesen k\(:onnen\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/faillog.8 b/man/de/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af253aa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +faillog \- zeigt Aufzeichnungen der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen an oder richtet Beschr\(:ankungen f\(:ur fehlgeschlagene Anmeldungen ein +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +Im Anzeigemodus ist dies auf vorhandene Benutzer beschr\(:ankt, erzwingt aber die Anzeige der Faillog\-Eintr\(:age, auch wenn diese leer sind\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +setzt die Z\(:ahlerst\(:ande der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldeversuche zur\(:uck +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/de/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6743afa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupadd \- erstellt eine neue Gruppe +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIGruppe\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Diese Option erlaubt es, eine Gruppe mit einer nicht eindeutigen GID zu erstellen\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +erstellt eine neue Systemgruppe +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Gruppennamen m\(:ussen mit einem Kleinbuchstaben oder einem Unterstrich beginnen\&. Nachfolgend d\(:urfen sie Kleinbuchstaben, Zahlen, Unterstriche und Gedankenstriche enthalten\&. Das letzte Zeichen darf auch ein Dollarzeichen sein\&. Als regul\(:arer Ausdruck: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 16 characters long\&. +.PP +Sie k\(:onnen einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS\- oder LDAP\-Gruppe hinzuf\(:ugen\&. Dies m\(:ussen Sie auf dem entsprechenden Server durchf\(:uhren\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID not unique (when +\fB\-o\fR +not used) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name not unique +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/de/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b41412 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupdel \- l\(:oscht eine Gruppe +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Sie k\(:onnen nicht die Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers entfernen\&. Dazu m\(:ussten Sie zun\(:achst den betreffenden Benutzer l\(:oschen\&. +.PP +Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien \(:uberpr\(:ufen, um sicherzustellen, dass keine Dateien, die der gel\(:oschten Gruppe angeh\(:oren, vorhanden sind\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/de/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13a3d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupmems \- verwaltet die Mitglieder der Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Add a user to the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +L\(:oscht einen Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +Root kann eine Gruppen bestimmen, deren Mitgliederliste er bearbeiten will\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +gibt die Mitgliederliste aus +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +l\(:oscht alle Benutzer aus der Mitgliederliste der Gruppe +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "EINRICHTUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/de/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..515d02a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupmod \- \(:andert die Eigenschaften einer Gruppe auf dem System +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIGRUPPE\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Benutzer, welche die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe verwenden, werden aktualisiert, um die Gruppe als Hauptgruppe zu behalten\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpck.8 b/man/de/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..295d84f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +grpck \- \(:uberpr\(:uft die Stimmigkeit der Gruppendateien +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [Optionen] [\fIGruppe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Es wird \(:uberpr\(:uft, ob jeder Eintrag folgende Eigenschaften aufweist: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +die richtige Anzahl von Feldern +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +einen eindeutigen und g\(:ultigen Gruppennamen +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/de/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/de/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/de/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce3821f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +lastlog \- berichtet die letzte Anmeldung f\(:ur alle oder einen bestimmten Benutzer +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +gibt nur die Lastlog\-Eintr\(:age f\(:ur die angegebenen Benutzer aus +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Es werden nur Eintr\(:age f\(:ur auf dem System vorhandene Benutzer angezeigt, selbst wenn Eintr\(:age \(:uber gel\(:oschte Benutzer noch vorhanden sind\&. +.SH "ANMERKUNGEN" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Datenbank mit Zeiten der letzten Anmeldung der Benutzer +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Gro\(sse L\(:ucken in den UID\-Zahlen haben zur Folge, dass das Lastlog\-Programm l\(:angere Zeit ohne Bildschirmausgabe l\(:auft\&. Wenn sich z\&.B\&. in der Datenbank von Lastlog kein Eintrag f\(:ur Benutzer mit der UID zwischen 170 und 800 befindet, wird es scheinen, als ob lastlog stehen geblieben ist, w\(:ahrend es die Eintr\(:age mit der UID 171 bis 799 verarbeitet\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/de/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea1d3da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +logoutd \- richtet Beschr\(:ankung von Anmeldezeiten ein +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Datei, die den Port\-Zugriff enth\(:alt\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen +.RE diff --git a/man/de/man8/newusers.8 b/man/de/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c81017c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newusers \- erstellt oder aktualisiert mehrere neue Benutzer am St\(:uck +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] [\fIDatei\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_Name:pw_Passwort:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_Verz:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_Name\fR +.RS 4 +Dies ist der Name des Benutzers\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_Passwort\fR +.RS 4 +Dieses Feld wird verschl\(:usselt und als neuer Wert f\(:ur das verschl\(:usselte Passwort verwendet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_uid\fR +.RS 4 +Mit diesem Feld wird die UID des Benutzers bestimmt\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als UID verwendet\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +Falls die UID eines bestehenden Benutzers ver\(:andert wird, muss der Eigent\(:umer der Dateien des Benutzers per Hand angepasst werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Mit diesem Feld wird die ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers definiert\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als ID der Hauptgruppe des Benutzers verwendet\&. Falls eine Gruppe mit dieser GID nicht existiert, wird eine neue Gruppe mit dieser GID unter dem Namen des Benutzers erstellt\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +Dieses Feld wird in das GECOS\-Feld des Benutzers kopiert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_Verz\fR +.RS 4 +Mit diesem Feld wird das Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers definiert\&. +.sp +Wenn in diesem Feld ein Verzeichnis angegeben wird, das nicht vorhanden ist, wird es erstellt\&. Dieses geh\(:ort dem Benutzer, der gerade erstellt und aktualisiert wird, und dessen Hauptgruppe\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +Mit diesem Feld wird die Shell des Benutzers definiert\&. Diese Eingabe wird nicht \(:uberpr\(:uft\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in einer Umgebung mit zahlreichen Systemen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig aktualisiert werden m\(:ussen\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&. +.sp +Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +erstellt ein Systemkonto +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&. +.sp +Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&. +.sp +Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Die Eingabedatei muss gesch\(:utzt werden, da sie unverschl\(:usselte Passw\(:orter enth\(:alt\&. +.PP +Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passw\(:orter und Verschl\(:usselungsmethode in Einklage mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Passwort verwendet werden darf\&. Wenn das Passwort \(:alter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts erzwungen\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen wird\&. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu \(:andern, wird abgelehnt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das Passwort verf\(:allt\&. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des Verfalls ausgegeben wird\&. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine Vorwarnung erfolgt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung ausgegeben\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&. +.sp +Falls Sie nichts angeben, wird libc die Standardanzahl der Runden festlegen (5000)\&. +.sp +Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Bit\-Gruppe, welche die Rechte von erstellten Dateien bestimmt, wird anf\(:anglich auf diesen Wert gesetzt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird sie auf 022 gesetzt\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/nologin.8 b/man/de/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb542ca --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +nologin \- lehnt h\(:oflich eine Anmeldung ab +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "GESCHICHTE" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwck.8 b/man/de/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92d37cc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "PWCK" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +pwck \- \(:uberpr\(:uft die Stimmigkeit der Passwortdateien +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [Optionen] [\fIpasswd\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Es wird \(:uberpr\(:uft, ob jeder Eintrag folgende Eigenschaften aufweist: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +die richtige Anzahl von Feldern +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +einen eindeutigen und g\(:ultigen Benutzernamen +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +eine g\(:ultige Benutzer\- und Gruppenkennung +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +eine g\(:ultige Hauptgruppe +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ein g\(:ultiges Home\-Verzeichnis +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +eine g\(:ultige Anmelde\-Shell +.RE +.PP +shadow +checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +Diese Tests umfassen Folgendes: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ob jedem Eintrag in passwd ein Eintrag in shadow entspricht und umgekehrt +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ob die Passw\(:orter in der Shadow\-Datei niedergelegt sind +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ob die shadow\-Eintr\(:age die richtige Anzahl von Feldern haben +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ob die Shadow\-Eintr\(:age in shadow eindeutig sind +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +dass das Datum der letzten Passwort\(:anderung nicht in der Zukunft liegt +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +meldet nur Fehler\&. Warnungen, die keine Handlung des Benutzers erfordern, werden nicht angezeigt +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Passwort verwendet werden darf\&. Wenn das Passwort \(:alter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts erzwungen\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen wird\&. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu \(:andern, wird abgelehnt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das Passwort verf\(:allt\&. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des Verfalls ausgegeben wird\&. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine Vorwarnung erfolgt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung ausgegeben\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/de/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33092ee --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "PWCONV" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- konvertiert zu oder von Shadow\-Passw\(:ortern und \-gruppen +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "FEHLER" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Passwort verwendet werden darf\&. Wenn das Passwort \(:alter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts erzwungen\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen wird\&. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu \(:andern, wird abgelehnt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das Passwort verf\(:allt\&. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des Verfalls ausgegeben wird\&. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine Vorwarnung erfolgt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung ausgegeben\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/de/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/de/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4894f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/useradd.8 b/man/de/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16c43c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +useradd \- erstellt einen neuen Benutzer oder aktualisiert die Standardwerte f\(:ur neue Benutzer +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is not used, +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +must exist\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Eine beliebige Zeichenkette\&. Dies ist f\(:ur gew\(:ohnlich eine kurze Beschreibung des Logins und wird im Moment im Feld f\(:ur den vollst\(:andigen Namen des Benutzers gespeichert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. The directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +Lesen Sie dazu unten den Abschnitt \(FcDie Standardwerte ver\(:andern\(Fo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen nach Ablaufen des Passworts bis das Konto dauerhaft deaktiviert wird\&. Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abl\(:auft\&. Ein Wert von \-1 schaltet diese Funktion ab\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Der Name oder die Nummer der anf\(:anglichen Anmeldegruppe des Benutzers\&. Der Gruppenname muss existieren\&. Die Gruppenzahl muss auf eine bereits vorhandene Gruppe verweisen\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +Soweit m\(:oglich, werden die ACLs und erweiterten Attribute kopiert\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. + +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no password at all\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +F\(:ugt den Benutzer nicht zu den Datenbanken lastlog und faillog hinzu\&. +.sp +By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do no create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Erlaubt das Erstellen eines Benutzerkontos mit einer schon vergebenen (nicht eindeutigen) UID\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +erstellt ein Systemkonto +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +erstellt eine Gruppe mit dem gleichen Name wie der Benutzer und f\(:ugt diesen der Gruppe hinzu +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +Der SELinux\-Benutzer f\(:ur den Benutzer nach seiner Anmeldung\&. Standardm\(:a\(ssig bleibt dieses Feld leer und es wird dem System \(:uberlassen, den SELinux\-Benutzer zu bestimmen\&. +.RE +.SS "Die Standardwerte ver\(:andern" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +das Datum, an dem das Benutzerkonto abgeschaltet wird +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +die Anzahl von Tagen nach dem Ablaufen des Passworts bis das Konto deaktiviert wird +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or ID for a new user\*(Aqs initial group (when the +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is used or when the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable is set to +\fIno\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs)\&. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +der Name der Anmelde\-Shell des neuen Benutzers +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "ANMERKUNGEN" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +Sie d\(:urfen einen Benutzer nicht einer NIS\- oder LDAP\-Gruppe hinzuf\(:ugen\&. Dies muss auf dem entsprechenden Server durchgef\(:uhrt werden\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +Benutzernamen m\(:ussen mit einem Kleinbuchstaben oder einem Unterstrich beginnen\&. Sie d\(:urfen nur Kleinbuchstaben, Zahlen, Unterstriche oder Gedankenstriche enthalten\&. Sie k\(:onnen mit einem Dollarzeichen enden\&. Als regul\(:arer Ausdruck: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Benutzernamen d\(:urfen nur bis zu 32 Zeichen lang sein\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +bestimmt, ob standardm\(:a\(ssig ein Home\-Verzeichnis f\(:ur neue Benutzer erstellt werden soll +.sp +Diese Einstellung trifft nicht auf Systembenutzer zu\&. Sie kann auf der Befehlszeile \(:uberschrieben werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die maximale Anzahl von Tagen, f\(:ur die ein Passwort verwendet werden darf\&. Wenn das Passwort \(:alter ist, wird ein Wechsel des Passworts erzwungen\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Mindestanzahl von Tagen, bevor ein Wechsel des Passworts zugelassen wird\&. Ein vorheriger Versuch, das Passwort zu \(:andern, wird abgelehnt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird \-1 angenommen (was zur Folge hat, dass diese Beschr\(:ankung abgeschaltet ist)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, an denen der Benutzer vorgewarnt wird, bevor das Passwort verf\(:allt\&. Eine Null bedeutet, dass eine Warnung nur am Tag des Verfalls ausgegeben wird\&. Ein negativer Wert bedeutet, dass keine Vorwarnung erfolgt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird keine Vorwarnung ausgegeben\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Die Bit\-Gruppe, welche die Rechte von erstellten Dateien bestimmt, wird anf\(:anglich auf diesen Wert gesetzt\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird sie auf 022 gesetzt\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask\-Gruppen\-Bits auf ihre Umask\-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007), falls die UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen \(:ubereinstimmt\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +Standardwerte f\(:ur die Erstellung eines Kontos +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +Verzeichnis, das die Standarddateien enth\(:alt +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/userdel.8 b/man/de/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8de9e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +userdel \- l\(:oscht ein Benutzerkonto und die dazugeh\(:origen Dateien +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [Optionen] \fIANMELDENAME\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Die Dateien im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers werden zusammen mit dem Home\-Verzeichnis und dem Mailspool entfernt\&. Dateien, die sich nicht unterhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses befinden, m\(:ussen per Hand gesucht und gel\(:oscht werden\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +entfernt die Zuordnung von SELinux\-Benutzern aus den Anmeldeinformationen des Benutzers +.RE +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Falls angegeben, wird dieser Befehl ausgef\(:uhrt, wenn ein Benutzer entfernt wird\&. Damit k\(:onnen At\-, Cron\- und Druckauftr\(:age etc\&. des entfernten Benutzers (wird als erstes Argument \(:ubergeben) gel\(:oscht werden\&. +.sp +Der R\(:uckgabewert des Skripts wird nicht ausgewertet\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Erlaubt Benutzern, die nicht Root sind, die Umask\-Gruppen\-Bits auf ihre Umask\-Bits zu setzen (Beispiel: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007), falls die UID mit der GID identisch ist sowie der Benutzername mit dem Gruppennamen \(:ubereinstimmt\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "R\(:UCKGABEWERTE" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +Sie sollten von Hand alle Systemdateien \(:uberpr\(:ufen, um sicherzustellen, dass keine Dateien vorhanden sind, die dem gel\(:oschten Benutzer geh\(:oren\&. +.PP +Sie sollten keine NIS\-Attribute auf einem NIS\-Client l\(:oschen\&. Dies muss auf dem NIS\-Server durchgef\(:uhrt werden\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/usermod.8 b/man/de/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7183a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +usermod \- ver\(:andert ein Benutzerkonto +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +das neue Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Die Anzahl von Tagen, nach denen ein Passwort abgelaufen ist, bis das Konto deaktiviert wird\&. +.sp +Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abl\(:auft\&. Ein Wert von \-1 schaltet diese Funktion ab\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Der Name oder die Zahl der anf\(:anglichen Anmeldegruppe eines neuen Benutzers\&. Der Gruppenname muss existieren\&. +.sp +Jede Datei im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des Benutzers geh\(:orte, wird dieser neuen Gruppe geh\(:oren\&. +.sp +Die Gruppenzugeh\(:origkeit von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +verschiebt den Inhalt des Home\-Verzeichnisses eines Benutzers zu dem neuen Ziel +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Der Name der neuen Anmelde\-Shell des Benutzers\&. Falls dieses Feld leer gelassen wird, verwendet das System die Standard\-Anmelde\-Shell\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +der neue numerische Wert der UID des Benutzers +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +F\(:ur die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm geh\(:oren und sich in seinem Home\-Verzeichnis befinden, wird die ID des Eigent\(:umers automatisch angepasst\&. +.sp +Der Eigent\(:umer von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +der neue SELinux\-Benutzer f\(:ur den Anmeldenamen des Benutzers +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "WARNUNGEN" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +Sie m\(:ussen alle \(:Anderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS\-Server vornehmen\&. +.SH "KONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&. +.sp +Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&. +.sp +Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&. +.sp +Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/de/man8/vigr.8 b/man/de/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/de/man8/vipw.8 b/man/de/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7c59e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/de/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23.01.2020 +.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: German +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +vipw, vigr \- bearbeitet die Passwort\-, Gruppen\-, Shadow\-Passwort\- oder Shadow\-Gruppen\-Datei +.SH "\(:UBERSICHT" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] +.SH "BESCHREIBUNG" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPTIONEN" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +bearbeitet die Gruppendatenbank +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +bearbeitet die Passwd\-Datenbank +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +stiller Modus +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +bearbeitet die Shadow\- oder Gshadow\-Datenbank +.RE +.SH "UMGEBUNGSVARIABLEN" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +der verwendete Editor +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "DATEIEN" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten +.RE +.SH "SIEHE AUCH" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/es/Makefile.am b/man/es/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..721dc0d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/es/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/es + +man_MANS = + +# These Spanish manpages are outdated. +# Please contact pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org if you wish to +# provide updates. +# man1/login.1 \ +# man1/newgrp.1 \ +# man1/passwd.1 \ +# man5/passwd.5 \ +# man1/su.1 \ +# man8/vigr.8 \ +# man8/vipw.8 + +EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) diff --git a/man/es/Makefile.in b/man/es/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e33044 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/es/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,488 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.1 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; 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+ + + expiry + check and enforce password expiration policy + + + + + expiry + + option + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The expiry command checks () + the current password expiration and forces () + changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the expiry command are: + + + + , + + Check the password expiration of the current user. + + + + , + + + Force a password change if the current user has an expired + password. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + passwd5 + , + + shadow5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/faillog.5.xml b/man/faillog.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e16752 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/faillog.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1989 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + faillog + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + faillog + login failure logging file + + + + DESCRIPTION + + /var/log/faillog maintains a count of login + failures and the limits for each account. + + + The file contains fixed length + records, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of + login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of + failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login + failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; + and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after + a failure. + + + The structure of the file is: + +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; + + + + FILES + + + /var/log/faillog + + Failure logging file. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + faillog8 + + + + + diff --git a/man/faillog.8.xml b/man/faillog.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9132a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/faillog.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1989 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + faillog + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + faillog + display faillog records or set login failure limits + + + + + faillog + + options + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + faillog displays the contents of the failure log + database (/var/log/faillog). It can also + set the failure counters and limits. When + faillog is run without arguments, it only displays the + faillog records of the users who had a login failure. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the faillog command + are: + + + + , + + + Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an + entry in the faillog database. + + + The range of users can be restricted with the + option. + + + In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users + but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they + are empty. + + + With the , , + , options, the users' + records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the + system. This is useful to reset records of users that have + been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of + users. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  SEC + + + + Lock account for SEC + seconds after failed login. + + + Write access to /var/log/faillog + is required for this option. + + + + + + ,  MAX + + + + Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is + disabled to MAX. + + + Selecting a + MAX value of 0 has the effect of not + placing a limit on the number of failed logins. + + + The maximum + failure count should always be 0 for root + to prevent a denial of services attack against the system. + + + Write access to /var/log/faillog + is required for this option. + + + + + , + + + Reset the counters of login failures. + + + Write access to /var/log/faillog + is required for this option. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + ,  DAYS + + + + Display faillog records more recent than + DAYS. + + + + + + ,  LOGIN|RANGE + + + + Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits + (if used with , or + options) only for the specified user(s). + + + The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user + ID, or a RANGE of users. This + RANGE of users can be specified + with a min and max values + (UID_MIN-UID_MAX), a max value + (-UID_MAX), or a min value + (UID_MIN-). + + + + + + + When none of the , , or + options are used, faillog + displays the faillog record of the specified user(s). + + + + + CAVEATS + + faillog only prints out users with no successful + login since the last failure. 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Nämä tiedot ovat +.I /etc/passwd +-tiedostossa, ja niitä voidaan katsoa +.B finger\fR-ohjelmalla. +Linuxin +.B finger\fR-komento +näyttää neljä tietoa, joita voidaan muuttaa +.B chfn\fR:llä +: todellinen nimesi, työhuoneesi ja puhelin, sekä kotipuhelimesi. +.SS KOMENTORIVI +Jokainen neljästä tiedosta voidaan määritellä komentorivillä. Jos +komentorivillä ei anneta tietoja, +.B chfn +käynnistyy vuorovaikutteisessa tilassa. +.SS VUOROVAIKUTTEINEN TILA +Vuorovaikutteisessa tilassa +.B chfn +kysyy erikseen jokaista kenttää. Voit syöttää kenttään uuden tiedon, tai +painaa Enteriä jättääksesi kentän ennalleen. Syötä sana "none" saadaksesi +kentän tyhjäksi. +.SH OPTIOT +.TP +.I "\-f, \-\-full-name" +Määritä todellinen nimesi. +.TP +.I "\-o, \-\-office" +Määritä toimistohuoneesi numero. +.TP +.I "\-p, \-\-office-phone" +Määritä toimistohuoneesi puhelinnumero. +.TP +.I "\-h, \-\-home-phone" +Määritä kotipuhelinnumerosi. +.TP +.I "\-u, \-\-help" +Näytä lyhyt ohje komennoista. +.TP +.I "-v, \-\-version" +Näytä versiotiedot. +.SH TEKIJÄ +Salvatore Valente +.SH "KATSO MYÖS" +.BR finger (1), +.BR passwd (5), diff --git a/man/fi/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fi/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed9cb95 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fi/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +.\" ** You probably do not want to edit this file directly ** +.\" It was generated using the DocBook XSL Stylesheets (version 1.69.1). +.\" Instead of manually editing it, you probably should edit the DocBook XML +.\" source for it and then use the DocBook XSL Stylesheets to regenerate it. +.TH "CHSH" "1" "03/07/2006" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "NAME" +chsh \- vaihda sisäänkirjautumiskuorta +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 5 +\fBchsh\fR [\-s\ \fIsisäänkirjautumiskuori\fR] [\fIkäyttäjä\fR] +.SH "KUVAUS" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR +vaihtaa käyttäjän sisäänkirjautumiskuorta. Tämä määrittää käyttäjän ensimmäisen kirjautumiskomennon. Tavallinen käyttäjä voi vaihtaa ainoastaan oman tunnuksensa kirjautumiskuorta, mutta pääkäyttäjä voi vaihtaa kenen tahansa kirjautumiskuoren. +.PP +Ainoa rajoitus kirjautumiskuorelle on, että komennon nimen täytyy olla lueteltuna tiedostossa +\fI/etc/shells\fR +ellei komentoa käynnistänyt pääkäyttäjä, jolloin mikä tahansa arvo voidaan lisätä. Tunnus, jolla on rajoitettu kirjautumiskuori, ei voi vaihtaa omaa kirjautumiskuortaan. Tästä syystä komennon +\fI/bin/rsh\fR +lisääminen tiedostoon +\fI/etc/shells\fR +ei ole suositeltavaa, koska käyttäjän vahingossa vaihtaessa rajoitettuun kuoreen, ei hän voi koskaan vaihtaa kirjautumiskuortaan takaisin alkuperäiseen arvoon. +.SH "VALITSIMET" +.PP +Mikäli valitsinta +\fB\-s\fR +ei ole annettu, +\fBchsh\fR +toimii interaktiivisesti kysyen käyttäjältä kirjautumiskuorta. Syöttämällä uuden arvon vaihdetaan kuorta, ja antamalla tyhjän syötteen, vanha kuori jää voimaan. Nykyinen kuori tulostetaan +\fI[ ]\fR\-merkkiparin välissä. +.SH "TIEDOSTOT" +.TP +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot +.TP +\fI/etc/shells\fR +luettelo sallituista kirjautumiskuorista +.TP +\fI/etc/login.defs\fR +varjosalasanakaluston asetukset +.SH "KATSO MYÖS" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5) diff --git a/man/fi/man1/su.1 b/man/fi/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c29823 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fi/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +.\" ** You probably do not want to edit this file directly ** +.\" It was generated using the DocBook XSL Stylesheets (version 1.69.1). +.\" Instead of manually editing it, you probably should edit the DocBook XML +.\" source for it and then use the DocBook XSL Stylesheets to regenerate it. +.TH "SU" "1" "03/07/2006" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" "Käyttäjän sovellukset" +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.SH "NAME" +su \- vaihda käyttäjätunnusta tai tule pääkäyttäjäksi +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 3 +\fBsu\fR [\fIvalitsimet\fR] [\-] [\fIkäyttäjätunnus\fR\ [\ \fIparametrit\fR\ ]] +.SH "KUVAUS" +.PP +\fBsu\fR\-komentoa käytetään vaihtamaan toiseksi käyttäjäksi kesken istunnon. Kun komento ajetaan ilman käyttäjänimeä, +\fBsu\fR +oletuksena vaihtaa pääkäyttäjäksi. Valinnainen parametri +\fB\-\fR +voidaan antaa kun halutaan samanlainen ympäristö kuin käyttäjä odottaa kirjautuessaan suoraan sisään. +.PP +Muita parametreja voidaan antaa käyttäjänimen jälkeen, jolloin ne välitetään käyttäjän sisäänkirjautumiskuorelle. Erityisesti parametri +\fB\-c\fR +tarkoittaa, että seuraava parametri on komento useimmissa komentotulkeissa. Komento suoritetaan kuorella, joka on määritetty +\fI/etc/passwd\fR\-tiedostossa kohdekäyttäjälle. +.PP +Voit käyttää parametria +\fB\-\-\fR +erottamaan +\fBsu\fR\-valitsimet kuorelle välitettävistä parametreista. +.PP +Käyttäjältä pyydetään salasanaa tarvittaessa. Väärä salasana tuottaa virheilmoituksen. Kaikki yritykset, niin kelvolliset kuin virheellisetkin, kirjataan lokiin järjestelmän väärinkäytösten tunnistamiseksi. +.PP +Nykyinen ympäristö välitetään kuorelle. +\fB$PATH\fR\-muuttujan arvo tyhjätään arvoksi +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR +tavallisille käyttäjille taikka +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR +pääkäyttäjälle. Tämän käyttäytymisen voi vaihtaa asetuksilla +\fIENV_PATH\fR +ja +\fIENV_SUPATH\fR +tiedostossa +\fI/etc/login.defs\fR. +.PP +Sisäinen kirjautuminen ilmoitetaan lisäämällä "*" ensimmäiseksi merkiksi sisäänkirjautumiskuoreen. Annettua kotihakemistoa käytetään uuden tiedostojärjestelmän juurena, jonne käyttäjä tosiasiassa kirjautuu. +.SH "VALITSIMET" +.PP +\fBsu\fR\-komennon valitsimet ovat: +.TP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR \fIKUORI\fR +Määritä komento, jonka kuori käynnistää sen +\fB\-c\fR\-valitsimella. +.TP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +Tarjoa samankaltainen ympäristö kuin käyttäjä saisi kirjautuessaan suoraa sisään. +.sp +Kun +\fB\-\fR +on käytössä, se täytyy antaa viimeisenä valitsimena +\fBsu\fR\-komennolle. Muilla valitsimilla (\fB\-l\fR +sekä +\fB\-\-login\fR) ei ole tätä rajoitusta. +.TP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR \fIKUORI\fR +Käynnistettävä kuori +.sp +Käynnistettävä kuori valitaan seuraavasti (tärkeimmästä alkaen): +.RS +.TP 3 +\(bu +Kuori, joka määritetään valitsimella \-\-shell +.TP +\(bu +Mikäli valitsinta +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +on käytetty, kuori onka määrittää ympäristömuuttuja +\fB$SHELL\fR. +.TP +\(bu +Kuori, joka on asetettu /etc/passwd\-tietueessa kohdekäyttäjälle. +.TP +\(bu +/bin/sh mikäli kuorta ei löytynyt millään edellisistä tavoista. +.RE +.IP +.sp +Mikäli kohdekäyttäjällä on rajoitettu kuori (esim. kuorikenttä käyttäjän tietueessa +\fI/etc/passwd\fR\-tiedostossa ei löydy tiedostosta +\fI/etc/shell\fR), niin valitsin +\fB\-\-shell\fR +ja ympäristömuuttuja +\fB$SHELL\fR +jätetään huomiotta paitsi kun komennon +\fBsu\fR +käynnistää pääkäyttäjä. +.TP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +Säilytä nykyinen ympäristö. +.sp +Mikäli kohdekäyttäjällä on rajoitettu ympäristö, tällä valitsimella ei ole vaikutusta (ellei +\fBsu\fR\-komentoa käynnistänyt pääkäyttäjä). +.SH "VAROITUKSET" +.PP +Tällä versiolla +\fBsu\fR\-sovelluksesta on useita käännösaikaisia valitsimia, ja niistä vain osa saattaa olla käytössä tietyissä paikoissa. +.SH "TIEDOSTOT" +.TP +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot +.TP +\fI/etc/shadow\fR +turvalliset käyttäjätunnuksien tiedot +.SH "KATSO MYÖS" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsh\fR(1) diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.am b/man/fr/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..230d212 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/fr + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chgpasswd.8 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man5/gshadow.5 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/login.defs.5 \ + man8/logoutd.8 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man8/newusers.8 \ + man8/nologin.8 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man8/pwck.8 \ + man8/pwconv.8 \ + man8/pwunconv.8 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man3/shadow.3 \ + man5/shadow.5 \ + man1/su.1 \ + man5/suauth.5 \ + man8/useradd.8 \ + man8/userdel.8 \ + man8/usermod.8 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 + +man_nopam = \ + man5/limits.5 \ + man5/login.access.5 \ + man5/porttime.5 + +if !USE_PAM +man_MANS += $(man_nopam) +endif + +man_subids = \ + man1/newgidmap.1 \ + man1/newuidmap.1 \ + man5/subgid.5 \ + man5/subuid.5 + +if ENABLE_SUBIDS +man_MANS += $(man_subids) +endif + +EXTRA_DIST = \ + $(man_MANS) \ + man1/id.1 \ + man8/sulogin.8 + +if USE_PAM +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam) +endif + +if !ENABLE_SUBIDS +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_subids) +endif + +include ../generate_translations.mak + diff --git a/man/fr/Makefile.in b/man/fr/Makefile.in new file 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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chage.1 b/man/fr/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c72778 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chage \- Modifier les informations de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Configurer le nombre du jour, \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, o\(`u le mot de passe a \('et\('e chang\('e la derni\(`ere fois\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format utilis\('e plus commun\('ement dans votre r\('egion)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Configurer la date, ou le nombre de jours \(`a compter du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, \(`a partir de laquelle le compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus accessible\&. La date peut aussi \(^etre exprim\('ee dans le format AAAA\-MM\-JJ (ou le format plus commun\('ement utilis\('e dans votre r\('egion)\&. Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu\('e doit contacter l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme pour pouvoir utiliser \(`a nouveau le syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher les informations sur l\*(Aq\(^age des comptes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae2622d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chfn \- Modifier le nom complet et les informations associ\('ees \(`a un utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier les informations GECO de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Ce champ est utilis\('e pour enregistrer les informations de l\*(Aqutilisateur utilis\('ees par d\*(Aqautres applications et peut \(^etre chang\('e seulement par un superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de bureau de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Modifier le num\('ero de t\('el\('ephone professionnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a50d861 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chsh \- Changer l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du nouvel interpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc) de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Si ce champ est vide, le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Liste des interpr\('eteurs de commandes initiaux valables\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e95ce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +expiry \- V\('erifier et s\('ecuriser la dur\('ee de validit\('e des mots de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +V\('erifier la dur\('ee de validit\('e du mot de passe de l\*(Aqutilisateur courant\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Forcer le changement du mot de passe si l\*(Aqutilisateur courant poss\(`ede un mot de passe qui a expir\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7f6ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroupe\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Notes sur les mots de passe de groupe" +.PP +Les mots de passe de groupe repr\('esentent naturellement un risque en mati\(`ere de s\('ecurit\('e, puisque plusieurs personnes ont connaissance du mot de passe\&. Cependant, les groupes sont utiles pour permettre la coop\('eration entre diff\('erents utilisateurs\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des administrateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Configurer la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/groups.1 b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84e107 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groups \- Afficher la liste des groupes auxquels appartient l\*(Aqutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIutilisateur\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/id.1 b/man/fr/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52d93b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/fr/man1/login.1 b/man/fr/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07b70f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login \- D\('emarrer une session sur le syst\(`eme +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInom_utilisateur\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Un script d\*(Aqinitialisation pour votre interpr\('eteur de commandes pourra \('egalement \(^etre ex\('ecut\('e\&. Veuillez vous r\('ef\('erer \(`a la section de manuel appropri\('ee pour plus d\*(Aqinformations sur cette fonctionnalit\('e\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Ne pas r\('ealiser d\*(Aqauthentification\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur est pr\('e\-authentifi\('e\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Nom de l\*(Aqh\(^ote distant pour cette connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Pr\('eserver l\*(Aqenvironnement\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Ex\('ecuter le protocole de connexion automatique (autologin) pour rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +L\*(Aqemplacement des fichiers peut varier suivant la configuration du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&. +.sp +S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&. +.sp +Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&. +.sp +Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le d\('elai en secondes avant qu\*(Aqun nouvel essai soit permis apr\(`es un \('echec de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les \('echecs de connexion seront enregistr\('es dans le fichier sous le format utmp +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier peut d\('esactiver tous les affichages habituels durant la s\('equence de connexion\&. Si un nom de chemin complet est sp\('ecifi\('e, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le nom ou l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur sont trouv\('es dans le fichier\&. Si ce n\*(Aqest pas un nom de chemin complet, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le fichier existe dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier sera affich\('e avant chaque invite de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation et l\*(Aqaffichage des informations de derni\(`ere connexion de /var/log/lastlog\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le nombre maximum de tentatives de connexion en cas de mauvais mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le temps maximum en secondes pour la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation des connexions r\('eussies\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer l\*(Aqaffichage des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus quand les \('echecs de connexions sont enregistr\('es\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: la journalisation des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus peut \(^etre un probl\(`eme de s\('ecurit\('e si un utilisateur entre son mot de passe au lieu de son nom d\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&. +.sp +Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, liste d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc de fichiers de \(Fo\ \&message du jour\ \&\(Fc \(`a afficher lors de la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, nom de fichier dont la pr\('esence emp\(^echera les connexions de quelqu\*(Aqun d\*(Aqautre que le superutilisateur\&. Le contenu de ces fichiers doit \(^etre un message indiquant pourquoi les connexions sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, fichier qui lie les lignes de tty \(`a la variable d\*(Aqenvironnement TERM\&. Chaque ligne du fichier est dans un format ressemblant \(`a \(Fo\ \&vt100 tty01\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Valeur d\*(Aqinitialisation du masque de permissions\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, le masque des permissions sera initialis\('e \(`a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion pr\('ec\('edentes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le message du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +Emp\(^echer les utilisateurs non\-root de se connecter\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +Liste des types de terminaux\&. +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +Supprimer l\*(Aqaffichage des messages du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c1fee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed in +/etc/subgid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subgid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewgidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +gid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +lowergid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewgidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subgid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e60a24d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newgrp \- se connecter avec un nouveau groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroupe\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21e55e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/newuidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newuidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewuidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed in +/etc/subuid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subuid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewuidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +uid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +loweruid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewuidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subuid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..446e85b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +passwd \- Modifier le mot de passe d\*(Aqun utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Modifications du mot de passe" +.PP +Dans un premier temps, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit fournir son ancien mot de passe, s\*(Aqil en avait un\&. Ce mot de passe est ensuite chiffr\('e puis compar\('e avec le mot de passe enregistr\('e\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqa droit qu\*(Aq\(`a un seul essai pour entrer le mot de passe correct\&. Le superutilisateur peut contourner cette premi\(`ere \('etape de mani\(`ere \(`a changer les mots de passe ayant \('et\('e oubli\('es\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +Le nouveau mot de passe sera demand\('e deux fois \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le second mot de passe est compar\('e avec le premier\&. Ces deux mots de passe devront \(^etre identiques pour que le mot de passe soit chang\('e\&. +.PP +La complexit\('e de ce mot de passe est alors test\('ee\&. Comme ligne de conduite g\('en\('erale, un mot de passe doit toujours \(^etre constitu\('e de 6 \(`a 8 caract\(`eres en en choisissant un ou plus parmi chacun des ensembles suivants\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +caract\(`eres alphab\('etiques minuscules +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +chiffres de 0 \(`a 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +marques de ponctuation +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Astuces pour les mots de passe" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +Les compromissions de la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe r\('esultent le plus souvent d\*(Aqune n\('egligence dans le choix du mot de passe, ou lors de son utilisation\&. Pour cette raison, vous ne devez pas s\('electionner de mot de passe apparaissant dans un dictionnaire ou devant \(^etre \('ecrit\&. Le mot de passe ne doit pas non plus \(^etre un nom propre, un num\('ero min\('eralogique, une date de naissance, ou une adresse\&. En effet ceux\-ci pourraient \(^etre devin\('es pour violer la s\('ecurit\('e du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +Vous pouvez trouver des conseils sur la fa\(,con de choisir un mot de passe robuste sur http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength (en anglais)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer le mot de passe (le rendre vide) d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. C\*(Aqest une fa\(,con rapide de supprimer l\*(Aqauthentification par mot de passe pour un compte\&. Il rend le compte indiqu\('e sans mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Annuler imm\('ediatement la validit\('e du mot de passe d\*(Aqun compte\&. Ceci permet d\*(Aqobliger un utilisateur \(`a changer son mot de passe lors de sa prochaine connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que la modification de mot de passe ne sera effectu\('ee que lors de l\*(Aqexpiration des jetons d\*(Aqauthentification (mots de passe)\&. C\*(Aqest utile dans le cas o\(`u l\*(Aqutilisateur voudrait conserver ses jetons d\*(Aqauthentification encore valables\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Verrouiller le mot de passe du compte indiqu\('e\&. Cette option d\('esactive un mot de passe en le modifiant par une valeur qui ne correspond pas \(`a un mot de passe chiffr\('e possible (cela ajoute un \(Fo\ \&!\ \&\(Fc au d\('ebut du mot de passe)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Les utilisateurs avec un mot de passe verrouill\('e ne sont pas autoris\('es \(`a le changer\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Mode silencieux\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher l\*(Aq\('etat d\*(Aqun compte\&. Cet \('etat est constitu\('e de 7 champs\&. Le premier champ est le nom du compte\&. Le second champ indique si le mot de passe est bloqu\('e (L), n\*(Aqa pas de mot de passe (NP) ou a un mot de passe utilisable (P)\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ donne la date de derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe\&. Les quatre champs suivants sont\ \&: la dur\('ee minimum avant modification, la dur\('ee maximum de validit\('e, la dur\('ee d\*(Aqavertissement, et la dur\('ee d\*(Aqinactivit\('e autoris\('ee pour le mot de passe\&. Les dur\('ees sont exprim\('ees en jours\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +La v\('erification de la complexit\('e des mots de passe peut varier d\*(Aqun site \(`a l\*(Aqautre\&. Il est vivement conseill\('e aux utilisateurs de choisir un mot de passe aussi complexe que possible dans la limite de ce qu\*(Aqil est capable de m\('emoriser\&. +.PP +Il se peut que les utilisateurs ne puissent pas changer leur mot de passe sur un syst\(`eme si NIS est activ\('e et qu\*(Aqils ne sont pas connect\('es au serveur NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer des v\('erifications suppl\('ementaires lors des changements de mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Avertir en cas de mots de passe faibles (mais les accepte quand m\(^eme) si vous \(^etes superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum d\*(Aqessais pour changer de mot de passe si refus\('e (trop facile)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/sg.1 b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cb2716 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +sg \- ex\('ecuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man1/su.1 b/man/fr/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72dcc40 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +su \- Changer d\*(Aqidentifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +Un mot de passe sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur, si n\('ecessaire\&. Les mots de passe incorrects produisent un message d\*(Aqerreur\&. Toutes les tentatives, r\('eussies ou non, sont enregistr\('ees afin de d\('etecter tout abus du syst\(`eme\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +La commande ex\('ecut\('ee n\*(Aqaura aucun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. Cette option ne peut pas \(^etre utilis\('ee pour ex\('ecuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin d\*(Aqun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Fournir \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur un environnement similaire \(`a celui qu\*(Aqil aurait obtenu s\*(Aqil s\*(Aq\('etait connect\('e directement\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Interpr\('eteur de commande devant \(^etre appel\('e\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Fo\ \&\ \&\(Fc, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&. +.sp +S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&. +.sp +Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&. +.sp +Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&. +.sp +Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les activit\('es de su seront enregistr\('ees dans le fichier\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le nom de la commande \(`a afficher lorsque \(Fo\ \&su \-\ \&\(Fc est ex\('ecut\('ee\&. Par exemple, si elle est d\('efinie \(`a \(Fo\ \&su\ \&\(Fc alors un \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera la commande comme \(Fo\ \&\-su\ \&\(Fc\&. Si non d\('efinie, alors \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera le nom du shell qui sera en fait ex\('ecut\('e, par exemple quelque chose comme \(Fo\ \&\-sh\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ce492b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Appels de biblioth\(`eque +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Appels de biblioth\(`eque" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +shadow, getspnam \- routines d\*(Aqutilisation des mots de passe cach\('es +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fI#include \fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*nom\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIFICHIER\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +La signification de chaque champ est la suivante\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- pointeur vers le nom d\*(Aqutilisateur termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- pointeur vers le mot de passe termin\('e par un z\('ero binaire (\(Fo\ \&null\-terminated\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, depuis la derni\(`ere modification du mot de passe +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- nombre de jours pendant lesquels le mot de passe ne peut pas \(^etre chang\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- nombre maximal de jours avant que le mot de passe doive \(^etre chang\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- nombre de jours avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e pendant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur est averti de la fin prochaine de la validit\('e de son mot de passe +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- nombre de jours apr\(`es la fin de validit\('e du mot de passe avant de consid\('erer que le compte est inactif et soit d\('esactiv\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- nombre de jours, compt\('es \(`a partir du 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970, apr\(`es lesquels le compte sera d\('esactiv\('e +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future +.RE +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Ces fonctions peuvent n\*(Aq\(^etre utilis\('ees que par le superutilisateur car l\*(Aqacc\(`es au fichier de mots de passe cach\('es est restreint\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8901a5a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +faillog \- journal des \('echecs de connexion +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +Le fichier contient un nombre constant d\*(Aqenregistrements, tri\('es par identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur num\('erique\&. Chaque enregistrement contient le nombre d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion depuis la derni\(`ere connexion r\('eussie, le nombre maximum d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion avant d\('esactivation du compte, la ligne sur laquelle a eu lieu le dernier \('echec de connexion, la date du dernier \('echec de connexion et la dur\('ee (en seconde) pendant laquelle le compte sera verrouill\('e apr\(`es un \('echec\&. +.PP +La structure du fichier est la suivante\ \&: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8b40ae --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +gshadow \- informations cach\('ees sur les groupes +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne de ce fichier contient les champs suivants, s\('epar\('es par des deux\-points (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\ \&: +.PP +\fBnom du groupe\fR +.RS 4 +Ce doit \(^etre un nom de groupe valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +Ce champ peut \(^etre vide\&. Dans ce cas seuls les membres du groupe peuvent obtenir les permissions du groupe\&. +.sp +Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBadministrateurs\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&. +.sp +Les administrateurs peuvent modifier le mot de passe ou les membres du groupe\&. +.sp +Les administrateurs peuvent aussi avoir les m\(^emes permissions que les membres (voir ci\-dessous)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmembres\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ doit \(^etre une liste d\*(Aqutilisateurs, s\('epar\('es par des virgules\&. +.sp +Les membres peuvent acc\('eder au groupe sans qu\*(Aqun mot de passe ne leur soit demand\('e\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/limits.5 b/man/fr/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d59f36e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LIMITS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +limits \- d\('efinition des limites de ressources +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +Par d\('efaut, aucun quota (aucune limite) n\*(Aqest impos\('e \(`a \(Fo\ \&root\ \&\(Fc\&. En fait, il n\*(Aqest pas possible d\*(Aqimposer de cette fa\(,con de limite aux comptes root ou \('equivalents (comptes ayant un UID de 0)\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne d\('ecrit une limite pour un utilisateur, elle est de la forme suivante\ \&: +.PP +\fIutilisateur LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR +.PP +ou sous la forme\ \&: +.PP +\fI@groupe LISTE_DE_LIMITES\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +Les identifiants possibles sont\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A\ \&: espace d\*(Aqadressage maximal (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C\ \&: taille maximale d\*(Aqun fichier image de la m\('emoire (\(Fo\ \&core\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D\ \&: taille maximale du segment de donn\('ees d\*(Aqun programme (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F\ \&: taille maximale des fichiers (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I\ \&: valeur nice maximum (0\&.\&.39 qui sera traduit en 20\&.\&.\-19) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L\ \&: nombre maximal de connexions simultan\('ees pour cet utilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M\ \&: taille maximale de m\('emoire verrouill\('ee (\(Fo\ \&locked\-in\-memory\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N\ \&: nombre maximal de fichiers ouverts +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O\ \&: priorit\('e temps r\('eel maximale +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R\ \&: taille maximale de la m\('emoire r\('esidente (\(Fo\ \&resident set size\ \&\(Fc, en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S\ \&: taille maximale de la pile (en kilo octets) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T\ \&: temps processeur maximal consomm\('e (en minutes) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U\ \&: nombre maximal de processus +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +Si plusieurs lignes avec des limites pour un utilisateur existent, seule la premi\(`ere ligne pour cet utilisateur sera prise en compte\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Notez \('egalement que les limites ne sont configur\('ees que PAR CONNEXION\&. Il n\*(Aqy a pas de limite globale ou permanente\&. Des limites globales pourraient voir le jour, mais pour l\*(Aqinstant, il faut faire sans\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a13b46c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login.access \- table de contr\(^ole des connexions +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Chaque ligne de la table de contr\(^ole des connexions (\(Fo\ \&login access control table\ \&\(Fc) est compos\('ee de trois champs s\('epar\('es par le caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\ \&: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +Le fichier d\*(Aqinformations sur les groupes (/etc/group) n\*(Aqest utilis\('e que lorsqu\*(Aqun nom ne correspond \(`a aucun des utilisateurs connect\('es\&. Seuls les groupes pour lesquels la liste des utilisateurs est sp\('ecifi\('ee sont utilis\('es\ \&: le programme ne recherche pas parmi les groupes primaires des utilisateurs\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1f923b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,854 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +login.defs \- configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +Ce fichier est un fichier texte, dont chaque ligne d\('ecrit un param\(`etre de configuration\&. Les lignes consistent en un nom et une valeur, s\('epar\('es par une espace\&. Les lignes blanches et les lignes de commentaires sont ignor\('ees\&. Les commentaires commencent par un caract\(`ere \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc, qui doit \(^etre le premier caract\(`ere non blanc de la ligne\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +Les param\(`etres de configuration suivants sont fournis\ \&: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&. +.sp +S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&. +.sp +Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si un r\('epertoire personnel doit \(^etre cr\('e\('e par d\('efaut pour les nouveaux utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Ce r\('eglage ne s\*(Aqapplique pas pour les utilisateurs syst\(`eme, et peut \(^etre annul\('e sur la ligne de commande\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&. +.sp +Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le d\('elai en secondes avant qu\*(Aqun nouvel essai soit permis apr\(`es un \('echec de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les \('echecs de connexion seront enregistr\('es dans le fichier sous le format utmp +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier peut d\('esactiver tous les affichages habituels durant la s\('equence de connexion\&. Si un nom de chemin complet est sp\('ecifi\('e, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le nom ou l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur sont trouv\('es dans le fichier\&. Si ce n\*(Aqest pas un nom de chemin complet, alors le mode taiseux sera activ\('e si le fichier existe dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le fichier sera affich\('e avant chaque invite de connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +La valeur peut \(^etre pr\('efix\('ee par \(Fo\ \&0\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur octale, ou \(Fo\ \&0x\ \&\(Fc pour une valeur hexad\('ecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation et l\*(Aqaffichage des informations de derni\(`ere connexion de /var/log/lastlog\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la journalisation des connexions r\('eussies\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer l\*(Aqaffichage des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus quand les \('echecs de connexions sont enregistr\('es\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: la journalisation des noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs inconnus peut \(^etre un probl\(`eme de s\('ecurit\('e si un utilisateur entre son mot de passe au lieu de son nom d\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le nombre maximum de tentatives de connexion en cas de mauvais mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Le temps maximum en secondes pour la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&. +.sp +Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, liste d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc de fichiers de \(Fo\ \&message du jour\ \&\(Fc \(`a afficher lors de la connexion\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, nom de fichier dont la pr\('esence emp\(^echera les connexions de quelqu\*(Aqun d\*(Aqautre que le superutilisateur\&. Le contenu de ces fichiers doit \(^etre un message indiquant pourquoi les connexions sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer des v\('erifications suppl\('ementaires lors des changements de mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Avertir en cas de mots de passe faibles (mais les accepte quand m\(^eme) si vous \(^etes superutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum d\*(Aqessais pour changer de mot de passe si refus\('e (trop facile)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum de jours de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Apr\(`es cette dur\('ee, une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre minimum de jours autoris\('e avant la modification d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette dur\('ee est rejet\('ee\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours durant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur recevra un avertissement avant que son mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e\&. Une valeur n\('egative signifie qu\*(Aqaucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, aucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, les activit\('es de su seront enregistr\('ees dans le fichier\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, le nom de la commande \(`a afficher lorsque \(Fo\ \&su \-\ \&\(Fc est ex\('ecut\('ee\&. Par exemple, si elle est d\('efinie \(`a \(Fo\ \&su\ \&\(Fc alors un \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera la commande comme \(Fo\ \&\-su\ \&\(Fc\&. Si non d\('efinie, alors \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera le nom du shell qui sera en fait ex\('ecut\('e, par exemple quelque chose comme \(Fo\ \&\-sh\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, fichier qui lie les lignes de tty \(`a la variable d\*(Aqenvironnement TERM\&. Chaque ligne du fichier est dans un format ressemblant \(`a \(Fo\ \&vt100 tty01\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Valeur d\*(Aqinitialisation du masque de permissions\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, le masque des permissions sera initialis\('e \(`a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, la commande est ex\('ecut\('ee lors de la suppression d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. Elle pourra supprimer toutes les t\(^aches p\('eriodiques cron ou at, tous les travaux d\*(Aqimpression, etc\&. de l\*(Aqutilisateur (qui sera fourni comme premier param\(`etre)\&. +.sp +Le code de retour du script n\*(Aqest pas pris en compte\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "R\('EF\('ERENCES CROIS\('EES" +.PP +Les r\('ef\('erences crois\('ees ci\-dessous montrent quels sont les param\(`etres utilis\('es par les diff\('erents programmes de la suite shadow password\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99cc56e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +passwd \- fichier des mots de passe +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqidentifiant num\('erique du groupe de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur ou un champ de commentaires +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes de l\*(Aqutilisateur (optionnel) +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(Fo\ \&x\ \&\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +un mot de passe chiffr\('e optionnel +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +Fichier de sauvegarde de /etc/passwd\&. +.sp +Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..129af19 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +porttime \- Fichier de configuration des droits d\*(Aqacc\(`es en fonction de la date et de l\*(Aqheure +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Chaque entr\('ee consiste en trois champs s\('epar\('es par un caract\(`ere deux\-points \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Le premier champ est une liste de tty s\('epar\('es par des virgules, ou un ast\('erisque \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc pour indiquer que l\*(Aqentr\('ee correspond \(`a toutes les tty\&. Le second champ est une liste de noms d\*(Aqutilisateurs, ou un ast\('erisque pour indiquer que cette entr\('ee correspond \(`a n\*(Aqimporte quel utilisateur\&. Le troisi\(`eme champ est une liste d\*(Aqhoraires d\*(Aqacc\(`es autoris\('es\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "EXEMPLES" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75d1da8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +shadow \- fichier des mots de passe cach\('es +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +Ce fichier ne doit pas \(^etre accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s\('ecurit\('e des mots de passe, en particuliers pour pr\('evenir les attaques par dictionnaires\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), in the following order: +.PP +\fBnom de connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur (\(Fo\ \&login\ \&\(Fc)\fR +.RS 4 +Ce doit \(^etre un nom de compte valable, qui existe sur le syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmot de passe chiffr\('e\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +Un champ de mot de passe qui commence avec un point d\*(Aqexclamation indique que le mot de passe est bloqu\('e\&. Les caract\(`eres restants sur la ligne repr\('esentent le champ de mot de passe avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqait \('et\('e bloqu\('e\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdate du dernier changement de mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +La date du dernier changement de mot de passe, exprim\('ee en nombre de jours depuis le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 a une signification particuli\(`ere\ \&: l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera au syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +Un champ vide indique que les fonctionnalit\('es de vieillissement de mot de passe sont d\('esactiv\('ees\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\(^age minimum du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) que l\*(Aqutilisateur devra attendre avant de pouvoir le changer de nouveau\&. +.sp +Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas d\*(Aq\(^age minimum pour le mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\(^age maximum du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est la dur\('ee (en jour) apr\(`es laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur devra changer son mot de passe\&. +.sp +Une fois cette dur\('ee \('ecoul\('ee, le mot de passe restera valable\&. Il sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur de le changer la prochaine fois qu\*(Aqil se connectera\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pour le mot de passe aucune limite d\*(Aq\(^age, aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration et aucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e (voir ci\-dessous)\&. +.sp +Si l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe est plus petit que l\*(Aq\(^age minimum du mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne pourra pas changer son mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle l\*(Aqutilisateur sera averti avant que le mot de passe n\*(Aqexpire (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. +.sp +Un champ vide ou une valeur de 0 signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy aura pas de p\('eriode d\*(Aqavertissement d\*(Aqexpiration du mot de passe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBp\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e du mot de passe\fR +.RS 4 +La dur\('ee (en jour) pendant laquelle le mot de passe sera quand m\(^eme accept\('e apr\(`es son expiration (voir l\*(Aq\(^age maximum du mot de passe ci\-dessus)\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur devra mettre \(`a jour son mot de passe \(`a la prochaine connexion\&. +.sp +Apr\(`es expiration du mot de passe suivie de la p\('eriode d\*(Aqexpiration, plus aucune connexion n\*(Aqest possible en utilisant le mot de passe de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. L\*(Aqutilisateur doit contacter son administrateur\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie qu\*(Aqaucune p\('eriode d\*(Aqinactivit\('e n\*(Aqest impos\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdate de fin de validit\('e du compte\fR +.RS 4 +La date d\*(Aqexpiration du compte, exprim\('e en nombre de jours depuis le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&. +.sp +Veuillez noter que l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte diff\(`ere de l\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun compte, l\*(Aqutilisateur ne sera plus autoris\('e \(`a se connecter\&. En cas d\*(Aqexpiration d\*(Aqun mot de passe, l\*(Aqutilisateur n\*(Aqest pas autoris\('e \(`a se connecter en utilisant son mot de passe\&. +.sp +Un champ vide signifie que le compte n\*(Aqexpirera jamais\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 ne doit pas \(^etre utilis\('ee puisqu\*(Aqelle peut \(^etre interpr\('et\('ee soit comme un compte sans expiration, soit comme ayant expir\('e le 1er\ \&janvier\ \&1970\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBchamp r\('eserv\('e\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est r\('eserv\('e pour une utilisation future\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +Fichier de sauvegarde pour /etc/shadow\&. +.sp +Notez que ce fichier est utilis\('e par les outils de la suite d\*(Aqoutils shadow, mais pas par tous les outils de gestion d\*(Aqutilisateurs et de mot de passes\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..960a33e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +suauth \- Fichier de contr\(^ole d\('etaill\('e de su +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) l\*(Aqutilisateur qui ex\('ecute la commande su (ou un groupe dont il est membre) +.PP +Le fichier est format\('e de la fa\(,con suivante (les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees)\ \&: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +Les valeurs d\*(AqACTION valables sont\ \&: +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +La tentative de changement d\*(Aqutilisateur est arr\(^et\('ee avant que le mot de passe ne soit demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +La tentative est automatiquement r\('eussie\&. Aucun mot de passe n\*(Aqest demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Pour que la commande su soit r\('eussie, l\*(Aqutilisateur doit entrer son propre mot de passe\&. Ceci lui est demand\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +Notez qu\*(Aqil y a trois champs s\('epar\('es par un \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Ne pas accoler d\*(Aqespace \(`a ce \(Fo\ \&deux\-points\ \&\(Fc\&. Notez aussi que le fichier est examin\('e s\('equentiellement ligne par ligne, et que la premi\(`ere r\(`egle applicable est utilis\('ee sans que le reste du fichier ne soit examin\('e\&. Ceci permet \(`a l\*(Aqadministrateur syst\(`eme de d\('efinir un contr\(^ole aussi fin qu\*(Aqil le souhaite\&. +.SH "EXEMPLE" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "BOGUES" +.PP +Il en reste sans doute beaucoup\&. L\*(Aqanalyseur du fichier est particuli\(`erement impitoyable avec les erreurs de syntaxe\&. Il n\*(Aqautorise d\*(Aqespace qu\*(Aqen d\('ebut et fin de ligne, et seul le d\('elimiteur sp\('ecifique doit \(^etre utilis\('e\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be6a05f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/subgid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subgid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUBGID" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +subgid \- the subordinate gid file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subgid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subgid\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6078bd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man5/subuid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subuid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formats et conversions de fichiers +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SUBUID" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formats et conversions de fich" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +subuid \- the subordinate uid file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subuid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subuid\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91250af --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chgpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&. +.PP +Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e86a004 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +chpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour des mots de passe par lot +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce85c7c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +faillog \- Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +En mode affichage, toujours limit\('ee aux utilisateurs existants, mais l\*(Aqaffichage des entr\('ees d\*(Aqerreur de connexion est impos\('e m\(^eme si elles sont vides\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Remettre \(`a z\('ero le compteur d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ff9253 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupadd \- Cr\('eer un nouveau groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIgroupe\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Cette option permet d\*(Aqajouter un groupe avec un identifiant (\(Fo\ \&GID\ \&\(Fc) d\('ej\(`a utilis\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un groupe syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Les noms de groupe doivent commencer par une lettre minuscule ou un tiret bas (\(Fo\ \&underscore\ \&\(Fc), et seuls des lettres minuscules, des chiffres, des \(Fo\ \&underscore\ \&\(Fc, ou des tirets peuvent suivre\&. Ils peuvent se terminer par un signe dollar\&. Soit, sous la forme d\*(Aqune expression rationnelle\ \&: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 16 characters long\&. +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID not unique (when +\fB\-o\fR +not used) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name not unique +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44788f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupdel \- Supprimer un groupe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer le groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant\&. Vous devez supprimer l\*(Aqutilisateur auparavant\&. +.PP +Vous devriez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par le groupe ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df549b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupmems \- Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Ajouter un utilisateur \(`a la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer un utilisateur de la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +Le superutilisateur peut pr\('eciser la liste des membres du groupe \(`a modifier\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Supprimer tous les utilisateurs de la liste des membres du groupe\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +informations cach\('ees sur les groupes +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d44f511 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +groupmod \- Modifier la d\('efinition d\*(Aqun groupe du syst\(`eme +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Les utilisateurs qui utilisent ce groupe comme groupe primaire seront mis \(`a jour pour garder le groupe comme groupe primaire\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04d27c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +grpck \- V\('erifier l\*(Aqint\('egrit\('e des fichiers d\*(Aqadministration des groupes +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroupe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nombre correct de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms de groupe\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e529cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +lastlog \- signaler les connexions les plus r\('ecentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d\*(Aqun utilisateur donn\('e +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +N\*(Aqafficher que les entr\('ees correspondant aux utilisateurs indiqu\('es\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Seules les entr\('ees pour les utilisateurs actuels du syst\(`eme seront affich\('ees\&. D\*(Aqautres entr\('ees peuvent exister pour les utilisateurs supprim\('es pr\('ec\('edemment\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Base de donn\('ees de l\*(Aqheure des connexions pr\('ec\('edentes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +S\*(Aqil y a des trous importants dans les valeurs des UID, +\fBlastlog\fR +s\*(Aqex\('ecutera plus lentement, sans affichage \(`a l\*(Aq\('ecran (par exemple, s\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas d\*(Aqentr\('ee pour les utilisateurs ayant un UID compris entre 170 et 800 dans base de donn\('ees lastlog, le programme lastlog semblera bloqu\('e comme s\*(Aqil traitait les entr\('ees correspondant aux UID 171 \(`a 799)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80b7fdc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +logoutd \- Imposer les restrictions de connexion dans le temps +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01ecc4c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +newusers \- Mettre \(`a jour, ou cr\('eer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfichier\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_name\fR +.RS 4 +C\*(Aqest le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ sera chiffr\('e et utilis\('e comme nouvelle valeur du mot de passe chiffr\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_uid\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(AqUID de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme UID\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +Si l\*(AqUID d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant est modifi\('e, vous devrez configurer vous\-m\(^eme le propri\('etaire des fichiers de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(Aqidentifiant du groupe primaire de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme identifiant de groupe primaire de cet utilisateur\&. Si aucun groupe n\*(Aqexiste avec ce GID, un nouveau groupe sera cr\('e\('e avec ce GID et le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est copi\('e dans le champ GECOS de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_dir\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +Si ce champ n\*(Aqindique pas de r\('epertoire existant, le r\('epertoire indiqu\('e est cr\('e\('e, avec comme propri\('etaire l\*(Aqutilisateur en cours de cr\('eation ou mis \(`a jour et son groupe primaire\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +Ce champ d\('efinit l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commande de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Aucune v\('erification n\*(Aqest effectu\('ee sur ce champ\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +Cette commande a \('et\('e con\(,cue pour les gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un grand nombre de comptes sont mis \(`a jour en m\(^eme temps\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&. +.sp +La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&. +.sp +Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&. +.sp +Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Le fichier d\*(Aqentr\('ee doit \(^etre correctement prot\('eg\('e puisqu\*(Aqil contient des mots de passe en clair\&. +.PP +Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir les algorithmes de chiffrement par d\('efaut du syst\(`eme pour coder les mots de passes (si aucun algorithme n\*(Aqa \('et\('e indiqu\('e sur la ligne de commandes)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum de jours de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Apr\(`es cette dur\('ee, une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre minimum de jours autoris\('e avant la modification d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette dur\('ee est rejet\('ee\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours durant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur recevra un avertissement avant que son mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e\&. Une valeur n\('egative signifie qu\*(Aqaucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, aucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Avec beaucoup de rounds, il est plus difficile de trouver le mot de passe avec une attaque par force brute\&. Veuillez remarquer que plus de ressources processeur seront n\('ecessaires pour authentifier les utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Si non pr\('ecis\('ee, la libc utilisera le nombre de rounds par d\('efaut (5000)\&. +.sp +Les valeurs doivent \(^etre comprises dans l\*(Aqintervalle 1\ \&000\ \&\-\ \&999\ \&999\ \&999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Valeur d\*(Aqinitialisation du masque de permissions\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, le masque des permissions sera initialis\('e \(`a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a21be94 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +nologin \- refuser poliment une connexion +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "HISTORIQUE" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39f0a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PWCK" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +pwck \- V\('erifier l\*(Aqint\('egrit\('e des fichiers de mots de passe +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIpasswd\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nombre correct de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms d\*(Aqutilisateur\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e des identifiants d\*(Aqutilisateur et de groupe\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e du groupe primaire\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e du r\('epertoire personnel\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +validit\('e de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc)\&. +.RE +.PP +shadow +checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +Ces v\('erifications sont les suivantes\ \&: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +chaque entr\('ee de passwd a une entr\('ee correspondante dans shadow, et chaque entr\('ee shadow a une entr\('ee passwd correspondante\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les mots de passe sont indiqu\('es dans le fichier des mot de passe cach\('es\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les entr\('ees de shadow ont le bon nombre de champs\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +les entr\('ees de shadow sont uniques dans shadow\ \&; +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +la date du dernier changement de mot de passe n\*(Aqest pas dans le futur\&. +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Ne signaler que les erreurs\&. Les avertissements qui ne n\('ecessitent pas une action de la part de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne seront pas affich\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum de jours de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Apr\(`es cette dur\('ee, une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre minimum de jours autoris\('e avant la modification d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette dur\('ee est rejet\('ee\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours durant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur recevra un avertissement avant que son mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e\&. Une valeur n\('egative signifie qu\*(Aqaucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, aucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afd46da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "PWCONV" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cach\('es +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "BOGUES" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum de jours de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Apr\(`es cette dur\('ee, une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre minimum de jours autoris\('e avant la modification d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette dur\('ee est rejet\('ee\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours durant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur recevra un avertissement avant que son mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e\&. Une valeur n\('egative signifie qu\*(Aqaucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, aucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1bb5b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68bda49 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +useradd \- cr\('eer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par d\('efaut appliqu\('ees aux nouveaux utilisateurs +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is not used, +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +must exist\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Toute cha\(^ine de texte\&. C\*(Aqest g\('en\('eralement une description courte du compte, elle est actuellement utilis\('ee comme champ pour le nom complet de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. The directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +Consultez ci\-dessous la sous\-section \(Fo\ \&Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours suivant la fin de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe apr\(`es lequel le compte est d\('efinitivement d\('esactiv\('e\&. Une valeur de 0 d\('esactive le compte d\(`es que le mot de passe a d\('epass\('e sa fin de validit\('e, et une valeur de \-1 d\('esactive cette fonctionnalit\('e\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du groupe ou identifiant num\('erique du groupe de connexion initial de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le nom du groupe doit exister\&. Un num\('ero de groupe doit se r\('ef\('erer \(`a un groupe d\('ej\(`a existant\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +Si possible, les ACL et les attributs \('etendus seront copi\('es\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. + +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no password at all\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +N\*(Aqajoute pas l\*(Aqutilisateur aux bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog\&. +.sp +Par d\('efaut, les entr\('ees de l\*(Aqutilisateur dans les bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog sont remises \(`a z\('ero pour \('eviter de r\('eutiliser les entr\('ees d\*(Aqun utilisateur pr\('ec\('edemment supprim\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do no create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Permet de cr\('eer un compte d\*(Aqutilisateur avec un identifiant (\(Fo\ \&UID\ \&\(Fc) dupliqu\('e (non unique)\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Cr\('ee un groupe avec le m\(^eme nom que celui de l\*(Aqutilisateur, et ajoute l\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a ce groupe\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aqutilisateur SELinux utilis\('e pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le comportement par d\('efaut est de laisser ce champ vide\&. Le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera alors l\*(Aqutilisateur SELinux par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.SS "Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Date \(`a laquelle le compte utilisateur sera d\('esactiv\('e\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours apr\(`es la fin de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe avant que le compte ne soit d\('esactiv\('e\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or ID for a new user\*(Aqs initial group (when the +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is used or when the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable is set to +\fIno\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs)\&. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Le nom de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes du nouvel utilisateur\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "NOTES" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +Les noms d\*(Aqutilisateur doivent commencer par une lettre minuscule ou un tiret bas (\(Fo\ \&underscore\ \&\(Fc), et seuls des lettres minuscules, des chiffres, des \(Fo\ \&underscore\ \&\(Fc, ou des tirets peuvent suivre\&. Ils peuvent se terminer par un signe dollar\&. Soit, sous la forme d\*(Aqune expression rationnelle\ \&: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Les noms d\*(Aqutilisateur sont limit\('es \(`a 16 caract\(`eres\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indiquer si un r\('epertoire personnel doit \(^etre cr\('e\('e par d\('efaut pour les nouveaux utilisateurs\&. +.sp +Ce r\('eglage ne s\*(Aqapplique pas pour les utilisateurs syst\(`eme, et peut \(^etre annul\('e sur la ligne de commande\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre maximum de jours de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Apr\(`es cette dur\('ee, une modification du mot de passe est obligatoire\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre minimum de jours autoris\('e avant la modification d\*(Aqun mot de passe\&. Toute tentative de modification du mot de passe avant cette dur\('ee est rejet\('ee\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, la valeur de \-1 est utilis\('ee (ce qui enl\(`eve toute restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours durant lesquels l\*(Aqutilisateur recevra un avertissement avant que son mot de passe n\*(Aqarrive en fin de validit\('e\&. Une valeur n\('egative signifie qu\*(Aqaucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, aucun avertissement n\*(Aqest donn\('e\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Valeur d\*(Aqinitialisation du masque de permissions\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas pr\('ecis\('e, le masque des permissions sera initialis\('e \(`a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +Valeurs par d\('efaut pour la cr\('eation de comptes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire contenant les fichiers par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f2933c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +userdel \- supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associ\('es +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Les fichiers pr\('esents dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur seront supprim\('es en m\(^eme temps que le r\('epertoire lui\-m\(^eme, ainsi que le r\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels\&. Vous devrez rechercher et \('eliminer vous\-m\(^eme les fichiers situ\('es dans d\*(Aqautres syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +\('Elimine toute association avec tout utilisateur SELinux pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Si d\('efinie, la commande est ex\('ecut\('ee lors de la suppression d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. Elle pourra supprimer toutes les t\(^aches p\('eriodiques cron ou at, tous les travaux d\*(Aqimpression, etc\&. de l\*(Aqutilisateur (qui sera fourni comme premier param\(`etre)\&. +.sp +Le code de retour du script n\*(Aqest pas pris en compte\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +Vous devez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par l\*(Aqutilisateur ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&. +.PP +Vous ne pouvez supprimer aucun attribut NIS d\*(Aqun client NIS\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur NIS\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55dcd7c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +usermod \- Modifier un compte utilisateur +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Le nouveau r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Nombre de jours suivant la fin de validit\('e d\*(Aqun mot de passe apr\(`es lequel le compte est d\('efinitivement d\('esactiv\('e\&. +.sp +Une valeur de 0 d\('esactive le compte d\(`es que le mot de passe a d\('epass\('e sa fin de validit\('e, et une valeur de \-1 d\('esactive cette fonctionnalit\('e\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du groupe ou identifiant num\('erique du groupe de connexion initial de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Le groupe doit exister\&. +.sp +Tout fichier du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartenant au groupe primaire pr\('ec\('edent de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartiendra \(`a ce nouveau groupe\&. +.sp +Le groupe propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +D\('eplacer le contenu du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur vers un nouvel emplacement\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nom du nouvel interpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc) de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Si ce champ est vide, le syst\(`eme s\('electionnera l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial par d\('efaut\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +La valeur num\('erique de l\*(Aqidentifiant de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +La bo\(^ite aux lettres et tous les fichiers poss\('ed\('es par l\*(Aqutilisateur et qui sont situ\('es dans son r\('epertoire personnel verront leur identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur automatiquement modifi\('e\&. +.sp +Le propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Ajoute une plage d\*(AqUIDs subalternes au compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +Vous pouvez indiquer plusieurs fois cette option, pour ajouter plusieurs plages de comptes utilisateurs\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Supprime une plage d\*(AqUids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Ajoute une plage de gids subalternes au compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.sp +Vous pouvez indiquer plusieurs fois cette option, pour ajouter plusieurs plages de comptes utilisateurs\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Supprime une plage de gids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +Le nouvel utilisateur SELinux utilis\('e pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent \(^etre effectu\('ees sur le serveur NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +R\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels (\(Fo\ \&mail spool directory\ \&\(Fc)\&. Ce param\(`etre est n\('ecessaire pour manipuler les bo\(^ites \(`a lettres lorsque le compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur est modifi\('e ou supprim\('e\&. S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas sp\('ecifi\('e, une valeur par d\('efaut d\('efinie \(`a la compilation est utilis\('ee\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +La valeur par d\('efaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe\&. +.sp +Cette fonctionnalit\('e (groupe d\('ecoup\('e) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes\&. Ceci est utile pour s\*(Aqassurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caract\(`eres\&. +.sp +Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25\&. +.sp +Remarque\ \&: les groupes d\('ecoup\('es ne sont peut\-\(^etre pas pris en charge par tous les outils (m\(^eme dans la suite d\*(Aqoutils Shadow)\&. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e45bc22 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: French +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOM" +vipw, vigr \- \('Editer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer la base de donn\('ees de groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer la base de donn\('ees passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Mode silencieux\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +\('Editer les bases de donn\('ees shadow ou gshadow\&. +.RE +.SH "ENVIRONNEMENT" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aq\('editeur \(`a utiliser +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "FICHIERS" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informations sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&. +.RE +.SH "VOIR AUSSI" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/generate_mans.mak b/man/generate_mans.mak new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0721b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/generate_mans.mak @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +if USE_PAM +PAM_COND=pam +else +PAM_COND=no_pam +endif +if SHADOWGRP +SHADOWGRP_COND=gshadow +else +SHADOWGRP_COND=no_gshadow +endif +if WITH_TCB +TCB_COND=tcb +else +TCB_COND=no_tcb +endif + +if USE_SHA_CRYPT +SHA_CRYPT_COND=sha_crypt +else +SHA_CRYPT_COND=no_sha_crypt +endif + +if ENABLE_SUBIDS +SUBIDS_COND=subids +else +SUBIDS_COND=no_subids +endif + +if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN +%.xml-config: %.xml + if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $<; then \ + sed -e 's/^/%config;/' $< > $@; \ + else \ + sed -e 's/^\(/\1 [%config;]>/' $< > $@; \ + fi + +man1/% man3/% man5/% man8/%: %.xml-config Makefile config.xml + $(XSLTPROC) --stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \ + --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \ + --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \ + --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \ + -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $< + +clean-local: + rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8 + +else +$(man_MANS): + @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages +endif + +man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8 + +man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3 + +man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/generate_translations.mak b/man/generate_translations.mak new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb9ac41 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/generate_translations.mak @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +LANG=$(notdir $(CURDIR)) + +if ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN +config.xml: ../config.xml.in + $(MAKE) -C .. config.xml + cp ../config.xml $@ + +messages.mo: ../po/$(LANG).po + msgfmt ../po/$(LANG).po -o messages.mo + +login.defs.d: + ln -sf ../login.defs.d login.defs.d + +%.xml: ../%.xml messages.mo login.defs.d + if grep -q SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE $< ; then \ + sed -e 's/^/%config;/' $< > $@; \ + else \ + sed -e 's/^\(/\1 [%config;]>/' $< > $@; \ + fi + itstool -d -l $(LANG) -m messages.mo -o . $@ + sed -i 's:\(^:\1 lang="$(LANG)">:' $@ + +include ../generate_mans.mak + +else +$(man_MANS): + @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages +endif + +CLEANFILES = messages.mo login.defs.d $(EXTRA_DIST) $(addsuffix .xml,$(EXTRA_DIST)) config.xml diff --git a/man/gpasswd.1.xml b/man/gpasswd.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebd1b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/gpasswd.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,322 @@ + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Rafal + Maszkowski + Creation, 1996 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + gpasswd + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + gpasswd + + + administer /etc/group + + + administer /etc/group and + /etc/gshadow + + + + + + + gpasswd + + option + + + group + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The gpasswd command is used to administer + /etc/group, + and /etc/gshadow. + Every group can have + administrators, + members and a password. + + + System administrators can use the option to define + group administrator(s) and the option to define + members. They have all rights of group administrators and members. + + + gpasswd called by + a group administrator + a system administrator + with a group name only prompts for the new password of the + group. + + + If a password is set the members can still use + newgrp1 + without a password, and non-members must supply the + password. + + + + Notes about group passwords + + Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one + person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a + useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users. + + + + + + + OPTIONS + + Except for the and options, + the options cannot be combined. + + + The options cannot be combined. + + + The options which apply to the gpasswd command are: + + + + + ,  user + + + + Add the user to the named + group. + + + + + + + + ,  user + + + + Remove the user from the named + group. + + + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + + + , + + + + Remove the password from the named group. + The group password will be empty. + Only group members will be allowed to use + newgrp to join the named + group. + + + + + + + + , + + + + Restrict the access to the named group. + The group password is set to "!". + Only group members with a password will be allowed to use + newgrp to join the named + group. + + + + + + + + ,  user,... + + + + Set the list of administrative users. + + + + + + + + ,  user,... + + + + Set the list of group members. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + This tool only operates on the /etc/group + and /etc/gshadow + files. + file. + Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed + on the corresponding server. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + newgrp1 + , + + groupadd8 + , + + groupdel8 + , + + groupmod8 + , + + grpck8 + , + + group5 + , + + gshadow5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/groupadd.8.xml b/man/groupadd.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e58f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/groupadd.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ + + + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + groupadd + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + groupadd + create a new group + + + + + groupadd + + options + + + group + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + The groupadd command creates a new group + account using the values specified on the command line plus the default + values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system + files as needed. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the groupadd command + are: + + + + + , + + + + This option causes the command to simply exit with success + status if the specified group already exists. When used with + , and the specified GID already exists, + another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. is + turned off). + + + + + + ,  GID + + + The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be + unique, unless the option is used. The value + must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID + value greater than or equal to and + greater than every other group. + + + See also the option and the + description. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  KEY=VALUE + + + + Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults + (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple + options can be specified. + + + Example:  GID_MIN=100  +  GID_MAX=499 + + + Note:  GID_MIN=10,GID_MAX=499 + doesn't work yet. + + + + + + , + + + + This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID. + + + + + + ,  PASSWORD + + + + The encrypted password, as returned by + crypt3 + . The default is to disable the password. + + + Note: This option is not + recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will + be visible by users listing the processes. + + + You should make sure the password respects the system's + password policy. + + + + + + , + + + + Create a system group. + + + The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in + the - + range, defined in login.defs, instead of + -. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  PREFIX_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + PREFIX_DIR directory. + This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing + a cross-compilation target. + Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. + PAM authentication is using the host files. + No SELINUX support. + + + + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &GID_MAX; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + &SYS_GID_MAX; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, + followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. + They can end with a dollar sign. + In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]? + + + Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long. + + + You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the + corresponding server. + + + If the groupname already exists in an external group database such + as NIS or LDAP, groupadd will deny the group + creation request. + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The groupadd command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + success + + + + 2 + + invalid command syntax + + + + 3 + + invalid argument to option + + + + 4 + + GID not unique (when not used) + + + + 9 + + group name not unique + + + + 10 + + can't update group file + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + chfn1 + , + + chsh1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + gpasswd8 + , + + groupdel8 + , + + groupmod8 + , + + login.defs5 + , + + useradd8 + , + + userdel8 + , + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/groupdel.8.xml b/man/groupdel.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4111661 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/groupdel.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + groupdel + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + groupdel + delete a group + + + + + groupdel + + options + + GROUP + + + + + DESCRIPTION + The groupdel command modifies the system + account files, deleting all entries that refer to + GROUP. The named group must exist. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the groupdel command + are: + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  PREFIX_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + PREFIX_DIR directory. + This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing + a cross-compilation target. + Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. + PAM authentication is using the host files. + No SELINUX support. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You + must remove the user before you remove the group. + + + You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files + remain owned by this group. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The groupdel command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + success + + + + 2 + + invalid command syntax + + + + 6 + + specified group doesn't exist + + + + 8 + + can't remove user's primary group + + + + 10 + + can't update group file + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chfn1 + , + + chsh1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + gpasswd8 + , + + groupadd8 + , + + groupmod8 + , + + useradd8 + , + + userdel8 + , + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/groupmems.8.xml b/man/groupmems.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6077d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/groupmems.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + George + Kraft + IV + Creation, 2000 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + groupmems + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + groupmems + administer members of a user's primary group + + + + + groupmems + + -a user_name + -d user_name + -g group_name + -l -p + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The groupmems command allows a user to administer + their own group membership list without the requirement of + superuser privileges. The groupmems utility is for + systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary + group (i.e., guest / guest). + + + Only the superuser, as administrator, can use + groupmems to alter the memberships of other groups. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the groupmems command + are: + + + + ,  user_name + + Add a user to the group membership list. + + If the /etc/gshadow file exist, and the + group has no entry in the /etc/gshadow + file, a new entry will be created. + + + + + ,  user_name + + Delete a user from the group membership list. + + If the /etc/gshadow file exist, the user + will be removed from the list of members and administrators of + the group. + + + If the /etc/gshadow file exist, and the + group has no entry in the /etc/gshadow + file, a new entry will be created. + + + + + ,  group_name + + The superuser can specify which group membership + list to modify. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + , + + List the group membership list. + + + + , + + Purge all users from the group membership list. + + If the /etc/gshadow file exist, and the + group has no entry in the /etc/gshadow + file, a new entry will be created. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + + + SETUP + + The groupmems executable should be in mode + 2710 as user root and in group + groups. The system administrator can add users to + group groups to allow or disallow them using the + groupmems utility to manage their own group + membership list. + + + + $ groupadd -r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root.groups groupmems + $ groupmems -g groups -a gk4 + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + secure group account information + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chfn1 + , + + chsh1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + groupadd8 + , + + groupdel8 + , + + useradd8 + , + + userdel8 + , + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/groupmod.8.xml b/man/groupmod.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b381c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/groupmod.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + groupmod + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + groupmod + modify a group definition on the system + + + + + groupmod + + options + + GROUP + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The groupmod command modifies the definition of the + specified GROUP by modifying the appropriate + entry in the group database. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the groupmod command + are: + + + + + ,  GID + + + + The group ID of the given GROUP will + be changed to GID. + + + The value of + GID must be a non-negative decimal + integer. This value must be unique, unless the + option is used. + + + Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to + keep the group as their primary group. + + + Any files that have the + old group ID and must continue to belong to + GROUP, must have their group ID + changed manually. + + + No checks will be performed with regard to the + , , + , or + from /etc/login.defs. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  NEW_GROUP + + + + The name of the group will be changed from GROUP + to NEW_GROUP name. + + + + + + , + + + + When used with the option, allow to change the + group GID to a non-unique value. + + + + + + ,  PASSWORD + + + + The encrypted password, as returned by + crypt3 + . + + + Note: This option is not + recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will + be visible by users listing the processes. + + + You should make sure the password respects the system's + password policy. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + ,  PREFIX_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + PREFIX_DIR directory. + This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing + a cross-compilation target. + Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. + PAM authentication is using the host files. + No SELINUX support. + + + + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The groupmod command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + E_SUCCESS: success + + + + 2 + + E_USAGE: invalid command syntax + + + + 3 + + E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option + + + + 4 + + E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn't exist + + + + 6 + + E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist + + + + 9 + + E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use + + + + 10 + + E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file + + + + 11 + + E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service + + + + 12 + + E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam + + + + 13 + + E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chfn1 + , + + chsh1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + gpasswd8 + , + + groupadd8 + , + + groupdel8 + , + + login.defs5 + , + + useradd8 + , + + userdel8 + , + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/groups.1.xml b/man/groups.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02e5432 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/groups.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + groups + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + groups + display current group names + + + + + groups + + user + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The groups command displays the current group names + or ID values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in + /etc/group, the value will be displayed as the + numerical group value. The optional user parameter will display the groups for the + named user. + + + + + NOTE + + Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the + information from /etc/group reported. The user + must use newgrp or sg to change + his current real and effective group ID. + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + newgrp1 + , + + getgid2 + , + + getgroups2 + , + + getuid2 + . + + + diff --git a/man/grpck.8.xml b/man/grpck.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77c4bd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/grpck.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1992 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + grpck + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + grpck + verify integrity of group files + + + + + grpck + options + + group + + shadow + + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The grpck command verifies the integrity of the + groups information. It checks that all entries in + /etc/group and + /etc/gshadow + have the proper format and contain valid data. + The user is prompted to delete entries that are + improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors. + + + Checks are made to verify that each entry has: + + + + the correct number of fields + + + a unique and valid group name + + + + a valid group identifier + (/etc/group + only) + + + + + a valid list of members + and administrators + + + + + a corresponding entry in the /etc/gshadow + file (respectively /etc/group for the + gshadow checks) + + + + + + The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are + fatal. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be + prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer + affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a + duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining + checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user + is encouraged to run the groupmod command to + correct the error. + + + + The commands which operate on the /etc/group + fileand /etc/gshadow files + are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. + grpck should be used in those circumstances to + remove the offending entries. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The and options cannot be + combined. + + + The options which apply to the grpck command are: + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + , + + + Execute the grpck command in read-only mode. + This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered + no without user intervention. + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + , + + + Sort entries in /etc/group + and + /etc/gshadow + by GID. + + + + + + By default, grpck operates on + /etc/group and + /etc/gshadow. + The user may select alternate files with the group + parameter. + and shadow + parameters. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The grpck command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + success + + + + 1 + + invalid command syntax + + + + 2 + + one or more bad group entries + + + + 3 + + can't open group files + + + + 4 + + can't lock group files + + + + 5 + + can't update group files + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + group5 + , + + groupmod8 + , + + + gshadow5, + , + + + passwd5 + , + + pwck8 + , + + shadow5 + . + + + diff --git a/man/gshadow.5.xml b/man/gshadow.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bc1ed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/gshadow.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + Creation, 2005 + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + gshadow + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + gshadow + shadowed group file + + + + DESCRIPTION + + /etc/gshadow contains the shadowed information + for group accounts. + + + + This file must not be readable by regular users if password security + is to be maintained. + + + + Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated + fields: + + + + group name + + + It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system. + + + + + encrypted password + + + Refer to crypt + 3 for details on how + this string is interpreted. + + + If the password field contains some string that is not a valid + result of crypt + 3, for instance ! or *, + users will not be able to use a unix password to access the + group (but group members do not need the password). + + + The password is used when a user who is not a member of the + group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see + newgrp + 1). + + + This field may be empty, in which case only the group members + can gain the group permissions. + + + A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means + that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the + line represent the password field before the password was + locked. + + + This password supersedes any password specified in + /etc/group. + + + + + + administrators + + + It must be a comma-separated list of user names. + + + Administrators can change the password or the members of the + group. + + + Administrators also have the same permissions as the members + (see below). + + + + + members + + + It must be a comma-separated list of user names. + + + Members can access the group without being prompted for a + password. + + + You should use the same list of users as in + /etc/group. + + + + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + gpasswd5 + , + + group5 + , + + grpck8 + , + + grpconv8 + , + + newgrp1 + . + + + diff --git a/man/hu/Makefile.am b/man/hu/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e659aef --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/hu + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man1/su.1 + +EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) + diff --git a/man/hu/Makefile.in b/man/hu/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2ffb33 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,658 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.1 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; 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Haugh II +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by John F. Haugh, II +.\" and other contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of John F. Haugh, II nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JOHN HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH CHSH 1 +.SH NÉV +chsh \- bejelentkezési parancsértelmező (héj) állítása +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.TP 5 +\fBchsh\fR +[\fB\-s\fR \fIhéjprogram\fR] [\fIfelhasználó\fR] +.SH LEÍRÁS +A \fBchsh\fR parancs a felhasználó bejelentkezési parancsértelmezőjét változtatja meg. +Normál felhasználó csak a saját parancsértelmezőjét állíthatja, a +rendszergazda bárkiét. +.PP +A héjprogrammal (shell) szemben támasztott követelmény, hogy szerepeljen +a \fI/etc/shells\fR fájlban, kivéve ha a rendszergazdáé mert +neki minden beállítás elfogadott. +Korlátozott parancsértelmezőt nem lehet másikra átállítani. +Ezért nem tanácsos a \fB/bin/rsh\fR\-nak a \fI/etc/shells\fR\-ben +való felsorolása, mert ha a felhasználó átvált erre a héj\-ra +nem válthat másikra. +.PP +A \fB\-s\fR opció nélkül a \fBchsh\fR interaktív módon +működik. Be kell írni az új értéket, vagy üresen hagyni a sort, hogy +az éppen aktuális beállítás maradjon, ami \fB[ ]\fR jelek között látható. +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhaszálói nyilvántartás +.br +\fI/etc/shells\fR \- engedélyezett parancsértelmezők listája +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR chfn (1), +.BR passwd (5) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Székely Krisztián diff --git a/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b62cf1e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net +.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or +.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the +.\" License, or (at your option) any later version. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH GPASSWD 1 +.SH NÉV +gpasswd \- az /etc/group fájlt adminisztrálja +.br +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.B gpasswd \fIcsoport\fR +.br +.B gpasswd +.B \-a +\fIfelhasználó\fR \fIcsoport\fR +.br +.B gpasswd +.B \-d +\fIfelhasználó\fR \fIcsoport\fR +.br +.B gpasswd +.B \-R +\fIcsoport\fR +.br +.B gpasswd +.B \-r +\fIcsoport\fR +.br +.B gpasswd +.RB [ \-A +\fIfelhasználó\fR,...] +.RB [ \-M +\fIfelhasználó\fR,...] +\fIcsoport\fR +.br +.SH LEÍRÁS +A +.B gpasswd +program segítségével adminisztrálhatjuk az /etc/group fájlt +illetve az /etc/gshadow fájlt amennyiben a SHADOWGPR definiálva +volt a fordítás alatt. Minden csoportban lehetnek adminisztrátorok, +tagok és egy jelszó. A rendszeradminisztrátor a \fB\-A\fR opció +segítségével definiálhat csoportadminisztrátor(oka)t és a \fB\-M\fR +opcióval tagokat. A rendszeradminisztátor minden joggal rendelkezik, +amellyel a csoportadminisztrátor és a csoport tagjai. +.PP +A csoportadminisztrátor a \fB\-a\fR kapcsolóval hozhat létre +felhasználókat, és a \fB\-d\fR opcióval törölheti őket. Az +adminisztrátorok a \fB\-r\fR opcióval törölhetik a csoport +jelszavát. Ha nincs jelszó beállítva, akkor csak a csoport +tagjai használhatják a +.BR newgrp (1) +parancsot a csatlakozáshoz. A \fB\-R\fR opció +meggátolja a csoport elérését a +.BR newgrp (1) +parancson keresztül. +.PP +Ha +.B gpasswd +parancsot a csoportadminisztrátor adja ki a csoport nevével, +akkor csak a jelszót kell beírnia. Ha van jelszó, akkor a tagok +be tudnak lépni a +.BR newgrp (1) +paranccsal jelszó nélkül is, csak a csoporton kívüli felhasználóknak +kell megadniuk a jelszót. + +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/etc/group\fR \- információ a csoportról +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- információ a shadow csoportról +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR newgrp (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR grpck (8) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Tímár András diff --git a/man/hu/man1/groups.1 b/man/hu/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b87e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +.\" Copyright 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH GROUPS 1 +.SH NÉV +groups \- kiírja a jelenlegi csoportazonosító neveket +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.B groups +.RI [ felhasználó ] +.SH LEÍRÁS +A +.B groups +parancs kiírja a jelenlegi csoportazonosító neveket vagy számértékeket. Ha +nincs az értéknek megfelelő bejegyzés a \fI/etc/group\fR fájlban, akkor a +csoport azonosító számát írja ki. Az opcionális \fIfelhasználó\fR paraméter +esetén azokat a csoportokat írja ki, amelyekbe a megadott \fIfelhasználó\fR +tartozik. +.SH MEGJEGYZÉS +Azok a rendszerek, amelyek nem támogatják a konkurrens csoportbeállításokat, +a kiírt információkat a \fI/etc/group\fR fájlból gyűjtik. A felhasználónak +muszáj a \fBnewgrp\fR vagy a \fBsg\fR parancsot használniuk, hogy +megváltoztassák a jelenlegi valódi és effektív csoportazonosítójukat. +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/etc/group\fR \- információ a csoportokról +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR newgrp (1), +.BR getgid (2), +.BR getgroups (2), +.BR getuid (2) +.SH AUTHOR +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +ifj. Dyekiss Emil diff --git a/man/hu/man1/login.1 b/man/hu/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f84ea82 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +.\" Copyright 1989 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH LOGIN 1 +.SH NÉV +login \- Új kapcsolat felvétele a rendszerrel (bejelentkezés) +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.B login +.RI [ felhasználónév " [" környezeti változók ]] +.SH LEÍRÁS +A +.B login +programot a rendszerbe való belépésre használjuk. Általában nem +közvetlenül használjuk, hanem automatikusan meghívásra kerül, amikor a +.I login: +promptra válaszként beírjuk a felhasználónevünket. +A +.B login +a shell szempontjából különleges kezelésű lehet és előfordulhat, hogy +nem hívható meg alfolyamatként. Tipikus példa erre, amikor a +.B login +parancsot a shell \fBexec login\fR \-ként értelmezi, tehát az új +bejelentkezés előtt az aktuálisból való kilépésre készteti a +felhasználót. +Ha nem login shellből próbáljuk meg a \fBlogin\fR parancsot végrehajtani, +hibaüzenetet kapunk. +.PP +Ezután a jelszavunkat kell megadnunk. A beírt karakterek nem jelennek meg +a képernyőn, megelőzvén a 'leskelődést'. Ha többször hibás jelszót adunk +meg, a \fBlogin\fR kilép, és a kapcsolat megszakad. +.PP +Ha a jelszavunk érvényességi ideje korlátozott, a rendszer továbblépés +előtt felszólíthat a jelszó megváltoztatására. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a +jelszavunk lejárt, nem érvényes, vagy hamarosan le fog járni. A régi +jelszavunkat is esetleg meg kell adni ellenőrzésképpen, majd az általunk +választott új jelszót. A témában lásd: \fBpasswd \fR(1) +.PP +Sikeres bejelentkezés után néhány rendszerüzenetet kapunk, és a postaládánk +állapotáról némi visszajelszést. A rendszerüzenetfájl (\fI/etc/motd\fR) +kiíratását letilthatjuk egy 0 byte hosszúságú \fI.hushlogin\fR file +létrehozásával a login könyvtárunkban. A posta állapotától függően a +következő üzenetek valamelyikét kapjuk: "\fBYou have new mail.\fR" (Új +levél van), "\fBYou have mail.\fR" (Levél van), vagy "\fBNo Mail.\fR" +(Nincs levél). +.PP +A felhasználói\- (UID) és a csoportazonosítónk (GID) beállításra kerül az +\fI/etc/passwd\fR alapján. A \fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR és a \fB$MAIL\fR környezeti változók +beállításra kerülnek a passwd adatbázis megfelelő mezői alapján. +Az ulimit, umask és a nice is értéket kaphat a GECOS mező tartalma +alapján. +.PP +Néhány rendszeren a \fB$TERM\fR változó is értéket kap, miként az a +\fI/etc/ttytype\fR\-ban meg van írva. +.PP +Végrehajtódhat a parancsértelmezőnk inicializációs scriptje is. Ez ügyben +lásd a megfelelő kézikönyv\-oldalt. +.SH FIGYELMEZTETÉSEK +.PP +A \fBlogin\fR ezen verziója sok fordítási opcióval rendelkezik, bár csak +néhány közülük az, ami használatban lehet egyes speciális gépeken. + +.PP +A fájlok elhelyezkedése a rendszerkonfigurációk különbözőségéből adódóan +változhat. +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/var/run/utmp\fR \- az aktuális bejelentkezések listája +.br +\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR \- az előző (eddigi) bejelentkezések listája +.br +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhasználói account\-okra vonatkozó információk +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- titkosított jelszavak és érvényességi idő\-információk +.br +\fI/etc/motd\fR \- rendszerüzenet file +.br +\fI/etc/nologin\fR \- nem\-root felhasználók belépésének tiltása +.br +\fI/etc/ttytype\fR \- termináltípusok listája +.br +.br +\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR \- korlátozza a rendszerüzenetek megjelenítését +.br +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.PP +.BR getty (8), +.BR mail (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR sh (1), +.BR su (1), +.\" .BR d_passwd (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR nologin (5) +.SH SZERZŐ +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Niedermayer Miklós diff --git a/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..714f187 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Hungarian translation by Peter Mamuzsics +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH NEWGRP 1 +.SH NÉV +newgrp \- Csoportazonosító módosítása +.br +sg \- Parancs végrehajtása más csoportazonoító alatt +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.BR newgrp " [" \- ] +[\fIgroup\fR] +.br +.BR sg " [" \- ] +[\fIgroup\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcommand\fR]] +.SH LEÍRÁS +A +.B newgrp +parancs a jelenlegi bejelentkezéshez tartozó csoportazonosító +módosítására használható. Ha a parancsot az elhagyható \fB\-\fR +kapcsolóval hívtuk meg, akkor a rendszer úgy inicializálja újra +a felhasználói környezetet, ahogy az a bejelelentkezés során +megtörténik, ellenkező esetben a jelenlegi környezet \- beleértve +az aktuális munkakönyvtárat is \- változatlan marad. +.PP +A +.B newgrp +parancs lecseréli az aktuális csoportazonosítót a megnevezett +vagy \- ha nincs megadva \- az \fI/etc/passwd\fR fájlban megadott +alapértelmezett csoportra. Ha a felhasználó nem rendelkezik jelszóval, +de a csoport igen, vagy a felhasználó nem tagja a csoportnak, +de a csoport rendelkezik jelszóval, akkor a rendszer bekéri a csoport +jelszavát. +Amennyiben a csoportnak nincs jelszava, és a felhasználó nem tagja a +csoportnak, akkor a hozzáférés nem lehetséges. +.PP +Az +.B sg +parancs működése hasonló a \fBnewgrp\fR parancs működéséhez, +de ez nem cseréli le a felhasználó parancsértelmezőjét, így +amikor kilépünk az \fBsg\fR parancsból, visszakapjuk az +eredeti csoportazonosítót. +Az +.B sg +parancsnak egy másik, aposztrófok közé zárt parancsot is meg lehet +adni, amely a \fB/bin/sh\fR parancsértelmezővel kerül végrehajtásra. +.SH HIBÁK +A \fBnewgrp\fR többféle fordítási beállítással rendelkezik, +amelyeknek egy adott felhasználási környezetben csak egy részére +lehet szükség. +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhasználói információk +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \- csoportinfomációk +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR id (1), +.BR login (1), +.BR su (1) +.SH SZERZŐ +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com) +.br +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Mamuzsics Péter diff --git a/man/hu/man1/passwd.1 b/man/hu/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dab98dd --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +.\" Copyright 1989 \- 1994, John F. Haugh II +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution is allowed, provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by John F. Haugh, II +.\" and other contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of John F. Haugh, II nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JOHN HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH PASSWD 1 "" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.SH NÉV +passwd \- Felhasználói jelszó megváltoztatása +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-s\fR] [\fInév\fR] +.br +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-R\fR] \fIcsoport\fR +.br +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-x\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-n\fR \fImin\fR] +[\fB\-w\fR \fIfigy\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIinakt\fR] \fInév\fR +.br +\fBpasswd\fR {\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-S\fR} \fInév\fR +.SH LEÍRÁS +A \fBpasswd\fR a felhasználók és a csoportok megváltoztatását végzi. +A felhasználók csak a saját jelszavukat változtathatják meg, a rendszergazda +bárkiét. A csoportok jelszavát az adott csoport adminisztrátora +változtathatja meg. +A \fBpasswd\fR ezen kívül használható a felhasználói adatok, mint pl. az +igazi név, a login shell, vagy a jelszavak "szavatossági idejének" +megváltoztatására is. +.SS Jelszóváltozások +A felhasználónak először a régi jelszavát kell beírnia, ha már volt neki. +Ezután ennek a jelszónak a kódolt változatát összehasonlítja a tárolt +jelszóval. A megfelelő jelszó beírására a felhasználónak csak egy lehetősége +van. +A rendszergazda átugorhatja ezt a lépést, így az elfelejtett jelszavak is +megváltoztathatóak. +.PP +Miután a felhasználó beírta a jelszavát, a \fBpasswd\fR megvizsgálja, hogyan +rendelkezett a rendszergazda a jelszavak "szavatossági idejéről". Amennyiben +az idő nem alkalmas a jelszó megváltoztatására, \fBpasswd\fR kilép minden +változtatás nélkül. +.PP +Ezekután a program bekéri a felhasználótól az új jelszót, majd +megvizsgálja hogy elég bonyolult\-e. +Általános szabályként elmondható, hogy a jelszavak jók, ha 6\-8 karakterből +állnak, és a következő jelkészletekből tartalmaz elemeket: +.IP "" .5i +Az ABC kis betűi +.IP "" .5i +Az ABC nagy betűi +.IP "" .5i +Számok 0 és 9 között +.IP "" .5i +Írásjelek +.PP +Fontos odafigyelni, hogy ne tartalmazzon az adott rendszeren használt +"erase" és "kill" kódű karaktereket. +A \fBpasswd\fR nem fogad el nem eléggé bonyolult jelszót. +.PP +Ha a jelszó elfogadható, +a \fBpasswd\fR a biztonság kedvéért még egyszer bekéri az új jelszót, és +csak akkor hajtja végre a változtatást, ha a két bevitt jelszó megegyezik. +.SS Csoportok jelszavai +A \fB\-g\fR kapcsoló használata esetén a megadott nevű csoport jelszava +változik meg. Ezt csak a rendszergazda vagy a csoport adminisztrátora teheti +meg. +A jelenlegi csoportjelszavat nem kéri változtatás előtt. +Az \fB\-r\fR kapcsolót a \fB\-g\fR kapcsolóval használva lehet a csoport jelszavát kikapcsolni, ezáltal minden tag használhatja a csoportot. +Az \fB\-R\fR kapcsoló a \fB\-g\fR kapcsolóval használva a csoport minden felhasználó előtt lezárul. + +.SS A jelszavak "szavatossági ideje" +A jelszavak elévülési idejét a rendszergazda a \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-w\fR, és \fB\-i\fR kapcsolókkal szabályozhatja. +A \fB\-x\fR kapcsoló a jelszócserék közti maximális időt állítja be. +A jelszót legkésőbb \fImax\fR naponként meg kell változtatni. +Az \fB\-n\fR kapcsoló a két jelszócsere közötti minimális időt szabályozza: a felhasználó addig nem változtathatja meg jelszavát, amíg legalább +\fImin\fR nap el nem telt az előző változtatás óta. +A \fB\-w\fR kapcsolóval azt állíthatod be, hogy hány nappal a jelszó lejárta előtt kezdje el a rendszer a felhasználót figyelmeztetni. Az első figyelmeztetés \fIfigy\fR nappal a lejárat előtt jelenik meg, és utána naponta tájékoztatja a felhasználót a még hátralévő napok számáról. +Az \fB\-i\fR kapcsoló \fIinakt\fR nappal a jelszó lejárta után lezárja a felhasználó belépési lehetőségét. + +.SS Jogosultság\-kezelés +A felhasználók lezárhatóak és újra beengedhetőek a \fB\-l\fR és a \fB\-u\fR kapcsolókkal. +Az \fB\-l\fR kapcsoló a jelszót kicseréli egy olyan értékre, ami semmilyen lehetséges jelszó kódolt értékével nem egyezik. +Az \fB\-u\fR kapcsoló visszaállítja a jelszót a régire, és így újra engedélyezi a belépést. +.PP +A jogosultságok az \fB\-S\fR kapcsolóval állíthatóak be. Ez 6 részből áll: +Az első azt jelzi, hogy a felhaszáló le van zárva (L), nincs jelszava (NP), vagy van érvényes jelszava (P). +A második rész az utolsó jelszóváltoztatás dátuma. +A következő négy rész a jelszavak minimális és maximális ideje, az első figyelmeztetés a jelszó lejárta előtt és hogy mennyi ideig él a jelszó lejárta után. + +.SS Tippek a felhasználói jelszavakhoz +Egy jelszavas rendszer biztonsága a kódolási algoritmus erősségétől és a lehetséges kulcsok számától függ. +A \fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR rendszerek kódolási módja az NBS DES algoritmuson alapul, és nagyon biztonságos. A lehetséges kulcsok száma a választott jelszó véletlenszerűségén múlik. +.PP +A jelszavas rendszerek feltörése legtöbbször a gondatlanul megválasztott jelszóválasztásnak vagy a jelszavak cserélgetésének eredménye. +Ezen okok miatt célszerű olyan jelszót választanod, ami nem szerepel a szótárban és nem szükséges leírnod. Tipikusan rossz választás még, ha valamilyen nevet, valamilyen azonosítószámodat, születésnapodat, vagy címedet használod jelszóként. +Ezeket legtöbbször minden más lehetőség vizsgálata előtt kipróbálja a potenciális cracker. +.PP +Igyekezz olyan jelszót választani, amit könnyen megjegyzel és így nem vagy +arra szorulva, hogy le kelljen írnod. +Ezt például úgy érheted el, hogy két rövidebb szót elválasztasz egy számmal +vagy valamilyen karakterrel, például jel@szo +.PP +A másik módszer, hogy egy könnyen megjegyezhető mondat vagy idézet minden +szavának első vagy utolsó betűjét írod egymás után. +Így például a +.IP "" .5i +Morzsa kutyám hegyezd füled +.PP +\-ből +.IP "" .5i +Maqmhdfd +.PP +lesz. +Feltehetőleg kevés cracker szótárában fog szerepelni ez a szó. +Ennek ellenére a még nagyobb biztonság kedvéért érdemes valamilyen saját +módszert kitalálnod jelszavak készítésére. + +.SS Megjegyzés a csoportok jelszavairól +A csoportok jelszavai állandó biztonsági problémát jelenthetnek, mivel +nemcsak egy ember ismerheti a jelszavat. A csoport\-kezelés azonban +hasznos abban az esetben, ha több felhasználó együttműködését kell +megoldani. + +.SH FIGYELMEZTETÉS +Nem biztos, hogy minden kapcsoló felhasználható. +Az, hogy hogyan vizsgálja a jelszavak bonyolultságát, rendszerről rendszerre +változhat. +Minden felhasználónak célszerű a lehető legbonyolultabb, de még használható +jelszót használnia. +Ha NIS\-t használ a felhasználók azonosítására a rendszer és a felhasználó nem +lépett be a NIS kiszolgálóra, nem változtathatja meg jelszavát. +.SH FÁJLOK +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhasználói információk +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- kódolt felhasználói jelszavak +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR group (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Érdi "Cactus" Gergő diff --git a/man/hu/man1/sg.1 b/man/hu/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d07c5e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man1/newgrp.1 diff --git a/man/hu/man1/su.1 b/man/hu/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d6e9fc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +.\" You may copy, distribute and modify under the terms of the LDP General +.\" Public License as specified in the LICENSE file that comes with the +.\" gnumaniak distribution +.\" +.\" The author kindly requests that no comments regarding the "better" +.\" suitability or up\-to\-date notices of any info documentation alternative +.\" is added without contacting him first. +.\" +.\" (C) 1999 Ragnar Hojland Espinosa +.\" +.\" GNU su man page +.\" man pages are NOT obsolete! +.\" +.TH su 1 "18 August 1999" "GNU Shell Utilities 2.0" +.SH NÉV +su \- indít egy shellt más felhasználó\- és csoportazonosítóval +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.B su +.BI "[\-] [\-flmp] [\-c " parancs "] [\-s " shell "] [\-\-fast] [\-\-login]" +.B [\-\-preserve\-environment] +.BI "[\-\-command=" parancs "] [\-\-shell=" shell "]" +.BI [ felhasználó " [" argumentum... ]] +.sp +.B su [\-\-help] [\-\-version] +.SH LEÍRÁS +Az +.B su +parancs lehetővé teszi, hogy ideiglenesen más felhasználóvá válhassunk +úgy, hogy egy új shell\-t indít a kért +.I felhasználó +valós és effektív felhasználói azonosítójával, csoportazonosítójával és +másodlagos csoportjaival. Ha nem adunk meg +.IR felhasználó \-t, +az alapértelmezett érték a root (super\-user). Az a shell indul el, ami a +.I felhasználó +passwd bejegyzésében szerepel, ha ott nincs +semmi, akkor a /bin/sh. Ha a +.IR felhasználó \-nak +van jelszava, akkor az +.B su +meg fogja azt kérdezni, kivéve ha root\-ként (a felhasználói azonosító 0) +futtatjuk. +.PP +Alapértelmezésben az +.B su +nem változtatja meg az aktuális könyvtárat. Átállítja a +.B HOME +és a +.B SHELL +környezeti változókat a +.I felhasználó +password bejegyzéséből kinézett értékekre, és ha a +.I felhasználó +nem a root (a super\-user) a +.BR USER és LOGNAME +változókat a +.I felhasználó +nevére állítja. Az alapértelmezés az, hogy az elinduló shell nem lesz +bejelentkezési shell. +.PP +Ha megadunk +.IR argumentum \-ként +valamit, az is átadódik az induló shellnek. +.PP +Az +.B su +se a /bin/sh\-t, se más shell\-eket nem kezel speciálisan. +(ilyen az argv[0] "\-su"\-ra állítása, vagy a \-c paraméter csak +bizonyos shelleknek való átadása, stb.) +.PP +Azokon a rendszereken, ahol van +.RB syslog (3) , +az +.B su +fordítható úgy is, hogy a sikertelen, vagy opcionálisan a +sikeres próbálkozásokat is naplóztassa a sysloggal. +.SH OPCIÓK +.TP +.BI "\-c " parancs ", \-\-command=" parancs +Csak a +.I parancs +parancsot hajtatja végre a shell\-lel a +.B \-c +opció segítségével, így a shell nem interaktívan +indul el. +.TP +.B "\-f, \-\-fast" +Beállítja a +.B \-f +opciót az induló shellnél. Ennek talán csak a +.BR csh (1) +és a +.BR tcsh (1), +shelleknél van értelme ahol +.B \-f +opció megakadályozza, hogy a startup fájlt (.cshrc) a shell beolvassa. +A Bourne\-hoz hasonló shelleknél a +.B \-f +opció letiltja a fájlnév minták kiterjesztését (filename pattern +expansion), ami általában nem kívánatos dolog. +.TP +.B "\-, \-l, \-\-login" +A shellt bejelentkezési shellként indítja. Ez a következőket jelenti: +törli az összes környezeti változót, kivéve a +.BR TERM "\-et, " HOME \-ot, +és a +.BR SHELL \-t +(amiket a fent leírt módon állít át), és a +.BR USER "\-t és " LOGNAME \-t +(amiket szintén a fent leírt módon állít át +a rootnak), továbbá a +.BR PATH \-t, +amit a fordításkor meghatározott +alapértékre állít. Az aktuális könyvtárat a +.I felhasználó +home\-könyvtárára +állítja. A shell neve elé egy +.B \- \-t +szúr be, így eléri azt, hogy +az beolvassa a startup fájlját illetve fájljait. +.TP +.B "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment" +Nem állítja át a +.BR HOME ", " USER ", " LOGNAME ", és " SHELL +környezeti változókat. Azt a shellt indítja, ami a +.B SHELL +változóban van a passwd fájlban lévő helyett, de csak akkor, ha az +.B su +parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja, vagy nem egy korlátozott +(restricted) shellt akar futtatni. Az a shell korlátozott, ami nem +szerepel a /etc/shells fájlban, vagy +az +.B su +belső listájában, ha ez a fájl nem létezik. Az opció hatásainak egy részét a +.B \-\-login +és a +.B \-\-shell +opciók hatástalanítják. +.TP +.BI "\-s, \-\-shell " shell +A +.IR shell "\-t indítja a " felhasználó +/etc/passwd fájlban szereplő +shellje helyett, ha parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja, +vagy ha nem korlátozott shellt akar futtatni. (Korlátozott +shell\-t lásd fentebb.) +.TP +.B "\-\-help" +Használati útmutatót ír a standard kimenetre, majd sikeres visszatérési értékkel kilép. +.TP +.B "\-\-version" +A program verziójáról ír ki információt a standard kimenetre, majd +sikeres visszatérési értékkel kilép. +.SH Miért nem támogatja a GNU su a wheel csoportot? (Richard Stallman) + +Néha a rendszer fölötti teljes ellenőrzést egy néhány emberből +álló csoport akarja kézbe venni. Például 1984\-ben pár user a MIT AI +laborban úgy döntött, hogy átveszik az irányítást a Twenex rendszer +operátori jelszavának megváltoztatásával, és annak titokban tartásával. +(A puccsot sikerült leverni, és a felhasználókat jogaikba visszahelyezni +egy kernel patch segítségével, de Unix alatt ezt nem tudtam volna megcsinálni.) +(A fordító megj.: a wheel csoportot ezzel a módszerrel könnyen +önkényesen is leszűkíthetik a csoporttagok , így tulajdonképpen nincs sok értelme.) +.PP +Néha az uralmon levők elárulják a root jelszót. A szokásos su +mechanizmus szerint, ha valaki megtudja a root jelszót, és +szimpatizál a többi közönséges felhasználóval, elárulhatja nekik +is. A wheel csoport ezt lehetetlenné tenné, és így bebetonozná az +uralmon levő hatalmát. +.PP +Én a tömegek oldalán állok, nem az uralkodókén. Ha te mindig a +főnökök és a rendszergazdák oldalán állsz, bármit is tesznek, akkor +valószínűleg furcsálni fogod ezt a hozzáállást. +.PP +A fordító megjegyzése: +Valami jó azért mégis lenne a wheel csoportban: az, hogy ha a root +jelszó kitudódna azzal nem tudna bármelyik felhasználó közvetlenül +visszaélni. A wheel csoporthoz hasonló dolgot lehet elérni a +.B sudo +csomaggal. +.SH MEGJEGYZÉS +A hibákat a bug\-sh\-utils@gnu.org címen lehet jelenteni. +Az oldalt Ragnar Hojland Espinosa frissítette. +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Havasi Ferenc és Tímár András diff --git a/man/hu/man5/passwd.5 b/man/hu/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ef231a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993 +.\" +.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or +.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of +.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. +.\" +.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" +.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any +.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including +.\" intermediate and printed output. +.\" +.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +.\" GNU General Public License for more details. +.\" +.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public +.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free +.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, +.\" USA. +.\" +.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) +.TH PASSWD 5 "24 July 1993" "Linux" "Linux Programozói Kézikönyv" +.SH NÉV +passwd \- Jelszófájl +.SH LEÍRÁS +A +.B Passwd +egy, a felhasználók listáját és a belépésükhöz szükséges jelszavakat +tartalmazó ASCII file. Mindenkinek tudnia kell olvasni (sok segédprogram, +pl. a +.BR ls (1) +ezt használja hogy a felhasználói azonosítókhoz (UID-khez) neveket +rendeljen), de írási jogot csak a rendszergazdának szabad kapnia. +.PP +A régi szép időkben nem is volt ezzel semmi baj: mindenki olvashatta a +felhasználók kódolt jelszavait, de mivel az akkori hardware-körülmények nem +tették lehetővé a jól megválasztott jelszavak törését, és a felasználók +alapvetően jóindulatűak voltak, ez nem okozott problémát. +Manapság mindenki igyekszik shadow-zott jelszavakat használni, amikor is a +.I /etc/passwd +file-ban a jelszavak helyett csak egy * karakter áll, és az igazi jelszavak +a +.I /etc/shadow +file-ban találhatóak, amit csak a rendszergazda olvashat. +.PP +Amikor új felhasználót készítesz, célszerű a jelszó helyét +üresen hagyni, és a \fBpasswd\fP(1) programmal kitölteni. Egy * karakter a +jelszó helyén azt jelenti, hogy a \fBlogin\fP(1) szoltáltatáson keresztül +a felhasználó nem tud belépni. +.PP +Soronként egy bejegyzés található, a következő formában: +.sp +.RS +usernév:jelszó:UID:GID:valódi név:home mappa:shell +.RE +.sp +, ahol a mezők jelentése: +.sp +.RS +.TP 1.0in +.I usernév +a felhasználó belépési neve a rendszerben. +.TP +.I jelszó +a felhasználó kódolt jelszava. +.TP +.I UID +A felhasználó azonosítószáma. +.TP +.I GID +A felhasználó csoportjának azonosítószáma. +.TP +.I valódi név +egy opcionális mező megjegyzések tárolására (gyakran a felhasználó teljes neve) +.TP +.I home mappa +a felhasználó $HOME mappája. +.TP +.I shell +a belépéskor elindítandó program (ha nincs megadva, a +.IR /bin/sh -t használja). +.RE +.SH MEGJEGYZÉS +Ha a root fájlrendszered a +.IR /dev/ram +-on van, a rendszer leállítása előtt rögzítened kell a megváltozott jelszófile-t a root fájlrendszer floppylemezén. Ha csoportokat is kezelni akarsz, meg kell egyezniük a GID-jüknek és be kell jegyezni őket a \fI/etc/group\fP-ba. +.SH FÁJLOK +.I /etc/passwd +.SH LÁSD MÉG +.BR passwd (1), +.BR login (1), +.BR group (5), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Horváth András diff --git a/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7058c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/hu/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +.\" Copyright 1992, Phillip Street and Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)lastlog.8 3.3 08:24:58 29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release) +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH LASTLOG 8 +.SH NÉV +lastlog \- a lastlog fájl vizsgálata +.SH ÁTTEKINTÉS +.B lastlog +.RB [ -u +.IR uid ] +.RB [ -t +.IR napok száma ] +.SH LEÍRÁS + +A \fBlastlog\fR formázza és olvashatóan megjeleníti a +\fB/var/log/lastlog\fR tartalmát. A listában szerepel a \fBlogin-név\fR, a +\fBterminál (port) azonosítója\fR és a felhasználó \fBlegutolsó +belépésének ideje\fR. Paraméterek nélkül meghívva a +felhasználó-azonosítók (UID) alapján sorbarendezve jelennek meg az +értékek. A \fB-u \fIlogin-név\fR opció megadása esetén csak a megadott +felhasználó utolsó belépésének ideje jelenik meg. A \fB-t \fInapok +száma\fR opció megadásával csak a megadott számú napon belüli belépési +idők jelennek meg. A \fB-r\fR opció felülírja a \fB-u\fR opciót. +.PP +Ha a felhasználó még soha nem lépett be, akkor a terminál és az idő +helyett a \fB**Never logged in**\fR felirat jelenik meg. +.SH FÁJLOK +/var/log/lastlog \- a felhasználók legutóbbi belépéseit tartalmazza +.SH MEGJEGYZÉS +Ha a felhasználói azonosító számok (UID-k) között nagyobb üres tartományok +vannak, akkor a lastlog futásakor megtörténhet, hogy hosszabb ideig +nem jelenik meg semmi a képernyőn (pl ha a 170-es és a 800-as azonosítójú +felhasználók között nincs több azonosító, akkor a 171 és 799 közötti +számok kiértékelése alatt a képernyőn nem változik semmi). +.SH SZERZŐK +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com) +.br +Phillip Street +.SH MAGYAR FORDÍTÁS +Hermann Benedek (bence@intercom.hu) + diff --git a/man/id.1.xml b/man/id.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e947e19 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/id.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + id + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + id + display current user and group ID names + + + + + id -a + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The id command displays the current real and + effective user and group ID names or values. If the value does not + have a corresponding entry in /etc/passwd or + /etc/group, the value will be displayed without + the corresponding name. The optional flag will + display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent + group membership. + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + getgid2 + , + + getgroups2 + , + + getuid2 + + + + diff --git a/man/id/Makefile.am b/man/id/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21f3dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/man/id/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/id + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man8/useradd.8 + +EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) diff --git a/man/id/Makefile.in b/man/id/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebf4a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/id/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.1 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation +# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, +# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; 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Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License +.TH LOGIN 1 "4 November 1996" "Util\-linux 1.6" "Linux Programmer's Manual" +.SH NAME +login \- masuk ke system +.SH SYNOPSIS +.BR "login [ " name " ]" +.br +.B "login \-p" +.br +.BR "login \-h " hostname +.br +.BR "login \-f " name +.SH PENJELASAN +.B login +digunakan ketika hendak masuk ke sebuah system. Ia juga dapat digunakan +untuk berpindah dari satu user ke user lainnya kapan saja (shell\-shell yang +modern mendukung kemampuan ini). +Jika tidak diikuti oleh sebuah argumen +.B login +system akan menanyakan nama user/username. + +Jika user tersebut +.I bukan +root, dan jika terdapat file +.I /etc/nologin +isi file tersebut akan tercetak di layar, kemudian login dihentikan. +Biasanya ini dilakukan untuk mencegah login ketika system sedang dimatikan. + +Jika terdapat pembatasan akses tertentu pada user sebagaimana terdapat di +.IR /etc/usertty , +hal tersebut harus dipenuhi, atau login akan ditolak dan pesan +.B syslog +akan dibuat. Lihat section pada "Special Access Restrictions". + +Jika user adalah root, maka login harus dijalankan pada tty yang terdapat +di +.IR /etc/securetty . +Kegagalan akan dicatat pada log melalui fasilitas +.B syslog . + +Setelah kondisi\-kondisi tersebut dicek, anda akan dimintai password untuk +kemudian dicek (jika ada password untuk username tersebut). Anda dapat +mencoba sepuluh kali sebelum +.B login +dimatikan, tapi setelah kegagalan yang ketiga, respon yang diberikan +akan sangat lamban. Kegagalan login akan dilaporkan melalui fasilitas +.B syslog . +Fasilitas ini juga dapat digunakan untuk melaporkan login yang berhasil. + +Jika file +.I .hushlogin +ditemukan, maka login secara "quiet" dilaksanakan (hal ini menonaktifkan +pengecekan mail dan tidak menampilkan waktu login terakhir dan pesan +yang ada untuk hari itu). Namun, jika terdapat file +.I /var/log/lastlog +, waktu login terakhir akan ditampilkan (dan kegiatan login yang sekarang +akan dicatat). + +Kegiatan administratif secara acak, seperti mengeset UID dan GID untuk tty +akan dilakukan. Variabel environment TERM dibuatkan, jika ia sudah ada +(variabel environment lain akan dibuatkan jika option +.B \-p +digunakan). Kemudian variable environment HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL +dan LOGNAME ditetapkan. Default PATH merujuk ke +.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:. +untuk user biasa, dan ke +.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +untuk root. Terakhir, jika login yang sedang dilakukan bukan login "quiet", +pesan hari ini akan ditampilkan dan file dengan nama yang sama dengan user +pada +.I /usr/spool/mail +akan diperiksa, dan sebuah pesan ditampilkan jika besar file tersebut tidak +nol. + +Kemudian, shell untuk user berjalan. Jika shell untuk user tidak ditentukan +pada +.BR /etc/passwd , +maka akan digunakan +.BR /bin/sh . +Jika directory tidak ditentukan pada +.IR /etc/passwd , +maka +.I / +digunakan (home directiry diperiksa pada file +.I .hushlogin +seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya). +.SH OPTION +.TP +.B \-f +Used to skip a second login authentication. This specifically does +Digunakan untuk melewatkan pengecekan tahap kedua ketika login. Biasanya +.B tidak +berjalan untuk, dan kelihatannya tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik pada Linux. +.TP +.B \-h +Digunakan oleh server lain (misalnya +.BR telnetd (8)) +to pass the name of the remote host to +untuk melewatkan nama remote host ketika +.B login +sehingga dapat ditempatkan pada utmp dan wtmp. HAnya superuser yang dapat +menggunakan option ini. +.TP +.B \-p +digunakan oleh +.BR getty (8) +untuk memberi tahu bahwa +.B login +tidak mengubah environment + +.SH "PEMBATASAN AKSES TERTENTU/SPECIAL ACCESS RESTRICTIONS" +File +.I /etc/securetty +mencatat nama\-nama tty dimana root boleh login. Nama device tty yang tidak +berawalan /dev/ harus ditentukan pada setiap barisnya. Jika file tersebut +tidak ditemukan, root boleh login di tty mana saja. + +.PP +File +.I /etc/usertty +Menentukan tambahan batasan akses tertentu untuk user tertentu. Jika +file ini tidak ditemukan, tak ada tambahan batasan akses yang diterapkan. +File ini terdiri dari beberapa bagian. Ada tiga bagian yang mungkin +ada : CLASSES, GROUPS dan USERS. Bagian CLASSES mendefinisikan kelas tty +dan pola nama host, bagian GROUPS mendefinisikan tty dan nama host yang +diperbolehkan berdasarkan per group, dan bagian USERS mendefinisikan tty +dan host yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan per user. + +.PP +Panjang setiap baris pada file ini tidak boleh lebih dari 255 karakter. +Komentar diawali oleh karakter # yang berlaku hingga akhir baris. + +.PP +.SS "Bagian CLASSES" +Bagian CLASSES dimulai dengan kata CLASSES pada baris awal dalam +huruf besar semua. Setiap baris berikutnya hingga permulaan bagian baru +atau akhir file terdiri dari urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan oleh tab +atau spasi. Tiap baris mendefinisikan kelas tty dan pola host. + +.PP +Kata yang terdapat pada awal baris dijadikan sebuah definisi untuk +sekumpulan nama untuk tty dan pola host yang ditentukan pada akhir baris. +Kumpulan nama ini dapat digunakan untuk bagian GROUPS berikutnya atau +bagian USERS. Nama kelas tidak boleh didefinisikan sebagai bagian +dari sebuah kelas untuk menghindari masalah kelas rekursif. + +.PP +Contoh bagian CLASSES: +.PP +.nf +.in +.5 +CLASSES +myclass1 tty1 tty2 +myclass2 tty3 @.foo.com +.in -.5 +.fi +.PP +File di atas mendefinisikan +.I myclass1 +dan +.I myclass2 +sebagai sebelah kanan yang saling berhubungan. +.PP + +.SS "Bagian GROUPS" +Bagian GROUPS mendefinisikan tty dan host yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan +per group UNIX. Jika seorang user adalah anggota sebuah group menurut +.I /etc/passwd +dan +.I /etc/group +dan jika sebuah group disebutkan pada bagian GROUPS di +.I /etc/usertty +maka user diberikan akses jika memang itu group\-nya. +.PP +Bagian GROUPS diawali oleh kata GROUPS dalam huruf besar semua pada permulaan +baris dan tiap baris selanjutnya merupakan urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan +oleh spasi atau tab. Kata pertama pada sebuah baris adalah nama group dan +sisanya menentukan tty dan host dimana anggota group tersebut boleh +mendapatkan akses. Ketentuan ini dapat mengikutsertakan kelas yang telah +didefinisikan pada bagian CLASSES sebelumnya. + +.PP +Contoh bagian GROUPS +.PP +.nf +.in +0.5 +GROUPS +sys tty1 @.bar.edu +stud myclass1 tty4 +.in -0.5 +.fi +.PP +Contoh ini menentukan bahwa anggota group +.I sys +boleh log in pada tty1 dan dari host\-host yang terdapat pada domain +bar.edu. User yang terdapat pada group +.I stud +boleh log in dari host\-host/tty\-tty yang ditentukan pada kelas myclass1 +atau dari tty4 +.PP + +.SS "Bagian USERS" +Bagian USERS dimulai dengan kata USERS dalam huruf besar semua pada awal +baris, dan tiap baris berikutnya adalah urutan kata\-kata yang dipisahkan +oleh tab atau spasi. Kata pertama pada sebuah baris adalah username +dan sisanya merupakan definisi tentang tty dan host tempat user boleh +log in. Ketentuan ini dapat melibatkan kelas yang didefinisikan pada +bagian CLASSES sebelumnya dan. Jika tak ada header bagian yang tercantum +pada awal file, bagian pertama secara defaults adalah bagian USERS. + +.PP +Contoh penggunaan bagian USERS: +.PP +.nf +.in +0.5 +USERS +zacho tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0 +blue tty3 myclass2 +.in -0.5 +.fi +.PP +KEtentuan ini mengizinkan zacho hanya boleh login pada tty1 dan dari +host\-host yang alamat IP\-nya terletak di kisaran 130.225.16.0 \- +130.225.16.255, dan user bernama blue boleh log in dari tty3 dan apa +saja yang disebutkan pada kelas myclass2. +.PP +Mungkin terdapat sebuah baris pada bagian USERS yang dimulai dengan +sebuah username bernama *. Ini adalah aturan default dan ia akan +diterapkan pada user yang tidak tercantum pada baris\-baris definisi. +.PP +Jika user ditemukan pada baris USERS dan GROUPS maka user tersebut boleh +mengakses dari gabungan tty/host yang disebutkan pada ketentuan tersebut. + +.SS Origins +Ketentuan mengenai tty dan pola host yang digunakan sebagai ketentuan +pada kelas, group dan user disebut origin. Sebuah origin bisa memiliki +format berikut: +.IP o +Nama sebuah device tty tanpa awalan /dev/, contohnya tty1 atau ttyS0. +.PP +.IP o +String @localhost, artinya user boleh melakukan telnet/rlogin +dari local host ke host yang sama. Ini juga membolehkan user untuk +menjalankan perintah: xterm \-e /bin/login. +.PP +.IP o +Sebuah akhiran nama domain seperti @.some.dom, artinya user boleh +melakukan rlogin/telnet dari host mana saja yang nama domainnya berakhiran +@.some.dom +.PP +.IP o +Kisaran alamat IPv4, ditulis @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y dimana x.x.x.x adalah +alamat IP pada notasi desimal biasa dan y.y.y.y adalah bitmask dalam +notasi yang sama yang menentukan bit mana pada alamat tersebut untuk +dibandingkan dengan alamat IP dari remote host. Contohnya @130.225.16.0/ +255.255.254.0 berarti user boleh rlogin/telnet dari host mana saja yang +alamat IP\-nya berada pada kisaran 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255. +.PP +Origin di atas boleh diawali oleh penentuan waktu menurut syntax: +.PP +.nf +timespec ::= '[' [':' ]* ']' +day ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun' +hour ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23' +hourspec ::= | '\-' +day\-or\-hour ::= | +.fi +.PP +Contohnya, origin [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 berarti log in +diperbolehkan pada hari senin hingga jumat pukul 8:00 dan 17:59 (5:59 +pm) pada tty3. Ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kisaran jam (seperti 10) +menandakan waktu berkisar antara 10:00 dan 10:59. +.PP +Jika tidak menentukan waktu untuk tty atau nama host berarti lo gin +dari origin tersebut diperbolehkan untuk setiap waktu. Jika anda +memberikan awalan waktu, yakinkan untuk menentukan baik kumpulan hari +dan waktu yang agak dilebihkan. Penentuan waktu tidak boleh berisi +spasi. +.PP +Jika tidak ada aturan diberikan maka user yang tidak ditemukan pada +.I /etc/usertty +boleh log in dari mana saja. +.PP +.SH FILES +.nf +.I /var/run/utmp +.I /var/log/wtmp +.I /var/log/lastlog +.I /usr/spool/mail/* +.I /etc/motd +.I /etc/passwd +.I /etc/nologin +.I /etc/usertty +.I .hushlogin +.fi +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR init (8), +.BR getty (8), +.BR mail (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR environ (7), +.BR shutdown (8) +.SH BUGS + +Linux, tidak seperti sistem operasi draconian, tidak mengecek quota. + +Option tidak resmi pada BSD +.B \-r +tidak dapat digunakan. Ini mungkin dibutuhkan oleh program diff --git a/man/id/man8/useradd.8 b/man/id/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d6730c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/id/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +.\" Copyright 1991 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Pendistribusian dan penggunaan dalam bentuk source dan binary, dengan +.\" atau tanpa modifikasi, diperbolehkan asal syarat\-syarat ini dipenuhi : +.\" 1. Pendistribusian source code harus mempertahankan tulisan copyright +.\" di atas, persyaratan ini, dan disclaimer berikut. +.\" 2. Pendistribusian dalam bentuk binary harus menampilkan copyright di atas, +.\" persyaratan ini, dan disclaimer yang tercantum pada dokumentasi dan/ +.\" atau keterangan lainnya yang terdapat pada distribusi ini. +.\" 3. Nama Julianne F. Haugh atau nama\-nama kontributor lainnya tidak boleh +.\" digunakan sebagai jaminan atau untuk mempromosikan produk yang berasal +.\" dari software ini tanpa izin khusus tertulis. +.\" +.\" SOFTWARE INI DISEDIAKAN OLEH JULIE HAUGH DAN PARA KONTRIBUTOR DALAM BENTUK +.\" "APA ADANYA" DAN SEGALA PERNYATAAN ATAU JAMINAN, TERMASUK, TAPI TIDAK +.\" TERBATAS PADA, JAMINAN DALAM PENJUALAN DAN PENYESUAIAN UNTUK MAKSUD +.\" TERTENTU DILUAR TANGGUNG JAWABNYA. JULIE HAUGH DAN PARA KONTRIBUTOR TIDAK +.\" BERTANGGUNG JAWAB PADA KERUSAKAN SECARA LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG, KEBETULAN, +.\" TERTENTU, SESUAI CONTOH ATAU KERUSAKAN BERUNTUN (TERMASUK, TAPI TIDAK +.\" TERBATAS PADA MENDAPATKAN PRODUK DENGAN CARA PERTUKARAN ATAU JASA; +.\" KEHILANGAN DATA, ATAU PROFIT; ATAU TERHENTINYA BISNIS) YANG MENGAKIBATKAN +.\" DAN SECARA TEORI BERTANGGUNG JAWAB, MESKIPUN DALAM PERJANJIAN, BERTANGGUNG +.\" JAWAB PENUH, ATAU TORT (TERMASUK KECEROBOHAN ATAU SEBALIKNYA) YANG TIMBUL +.\" KARENA KESALAHAN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE INI, BAHKAN JIKA TELAH +.\" DIPERINGATKAN SEBELUMNYA TENTANG KEMUNGKINAN AKAN KERUSAKAN TERSEBUT. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.TH USERADD 8 +.SH NAME +useradd \- Membuat user baru atau memperbarui informasi tentang user baru +.SH SYNOPSIS +.TP 8 +.B useradd +.\" .RB [ \-A +.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]" +.RB [ \-c +.IR comment ] +.RB [ \-d +.IR home_dir ] +.br +.RB [ \-e +.IR expire_date ] +.RB [ \-f +.IR inactive_time ] +.br +.RB [ \-g +.IR initial_group ] +.RB [ \-G +.IR group [,...]] +.br +.RB [ \-m " [" \-k +.IR skeleton_dir ] " |" " " \-M ] +.RB [ \-s +.IR shell ] +.br +.RB [ \-u +.IR uid " [" +.BR \-o ]] +.RB [ \-n ] +.RB [ \-r ] +.I login +.TP 8 +.B useradd +\fB\-D\fR +[\fB\-g\fI default_group\fR] +[\fB\-b\fI default_home\fR] +.br +[\fB\-f\fI default_inactive\fR] +[\fB\-e\fI default_expire_date\fR] +.br +[\fB\-s\fI default_shell\fR] +.SH PENJELASAN +.SS Membuat User Baru +Jika digunakan tanpa option \fB\-D\fR, perintah \fBuseradd\fR menciptakan +sebuah user account baru dengan menggunakan nilai yang terdapat pada +baris perintah dan nilai default dari system. +User account yang baru tersebut akan dimasukkan ke system files seperlunya, +home directory akan dibuatkan, dan initial files di\-copy\-kan, tergantung +option yang terdapat pada baris perintah. +Versi yang terdapat pada Red Hat Linux akan membuat sebuah group untuk +setiap user yang didaftarkan pada system, jika \fB\-b\fR tidak diberikan. +Option yang dapat digunakan pada perintah \fBuseradd\fR adalah +.\" .IP "\fB\-A {\fImethod\fR|\fBDEFAULT\fR},..." +.\" Nilai milik user dalam metode autentikasi/pengecekan. +.\" Metode autentikasi/pengecekan adalah nama sebuah program yang bertanggung +.\" jawab untuk memeriksa identitas user. +.\" String \fBDEFAULT\fR dapat digunakan untuk mengubah metode autentikasi +.\" menjadi metode password system yang standar. +.\" Daftar tersebut berisi nama\-nama program, yang dipisahkan oleh koma. +.\" \fBDEFAULT\fR hanya dapat dicantumkan sekali saja. +.\" +.\" +.\" +.IP "\fB\-c \fIcomment\fR" +Komentar pada file password milik user baru. +.IP "\fB\-d \fIhome_dir\fR" +User baru akan diciptakan dengan \fIhome_dir\fR sebagai lokasi directory +login\-nya. +Default\-nya adalah menambahkan nama \fIlogin\fR pada \fIdefault_home\fR +dan menggunakannya sebagai nama directory login. +.IP "\fB\-e \fIexpire_date\fR" +Tanggal ketika user account dimatikan. +Tanggal ditulis dalam format \fIMM/DD/YY\fR. +.IP "\fB\-f \fIinactive_days\fR" +Jumlah hari setelah sebuah password kadaluarsa hingga account +tersebut dimatikan secara permanen. +Nilai 0 mematikan account segera setelah password kadaluarsa, +dan nilai \-1 mematikan fungsi ini. +Nilai default\-nya adalah \-1. +.IP "\fB\-g \fIinitial_group\fR" +Nama group atau angka initial login group. +Nama group harus sudah ada. Seorang anggota group harus merujuk +pada group yang sudah ada. +Nilai group default\-nya adalah 1. +.IP "\fB\-G \fIgroup,[...]\fR" +Daftar group tambahan yang juga merupakan group\-nya user. +Setiap group dipisahkan oleh koma, tanpa diikuti spasi. +Group juga mengikuti aturan yang diberikan dengan option \fB\-g\fR. +Default\-nya hanyalah untuk user yang terdaftar pada group awal. +.IP \fB\-m\fR +Home directory milik user akan dibuatkan jika belum ada. +File yang terdapat pada \fIskeleton_dir\fR atau \fI/etc/skel\fR +akan dibuatkan pada home directory milik user. +Option \fB\-k\fR hanya valid jika bertemu option \fB\-m\fR. +Dafault\-nya adalah tidak membuat directory dan tidak meng\-copy +segala file. +.IP \fB\-M\fR +Home directory milik user tidak akan dibuatkan, bahkan jika setting +system pada \fI/etc/login.defs\fR ditujukan untuk membuat home +directory. +.IP \fB\-n\fR +Sebuah group yang namanya sama dengan user akan ditambahkan ke dalam +system secara default. Option ini akan mematikan kebiasaan tersebut +yang terdapat pada Red Hat Linux. +.IP \fB\-r\fR +Flag ini digunakan untuk membuat sebuah system account. Yaitu, user +dengan UID yang lebih kecil dari UID_MIN yang tercantum pada +\fI/etc/login.defs\fR. Harap diingat bahwa \fBuseradd\fR tidak akan +membuat home directory untuk user semacam ini, menghiraukan setting +default yang terdapat di \fI/etc/login.defs\fR. +Anda harus menyebutkan option \fB\-m\fR jika ingin membuat home directory +untuk sebuah system account yang akan dibuat. +Ini adalah option yang ditambahkan oleh Red Hat. +.IP "\fB\-s \fIshell\fR" +Nama login shell milik user. +Default\-nya adalah membiarkan field ini kosong, yang menyebabkan +system untuk memilih login shell yang default. +.IP "\fB\-u \fIuid\fR" +Nilai user ID secara numerik. +Nilai ini harus unique, kecuali jika option \fI\-o\fR digunakan. +Nilai tersebut tidak boleh negatif. +Default\-nya adalah menggunakan nilai ID yang lebih besar dari 999 +dan lebih besar dari semua user lain. +Nilai di antara 0 dan 999 biasanya disiapkan untuk system aacount. +.SS Mengubah nilai\-nilai default. +Ketika digunakan dengan option \fB\-D\fR, \fBuseradd\fR akan +menampilkan nilai default, atau memperbarui nilai default baru +yang terdapat pada baris perintah. +Option yang dapat digunakan adalah +.IP "\fB\-b \fIdefault_home\fR" +Awalan path untuk home directory milik user baru. +Nama user akan ditambahkan setelah akhir \fIdefault_home\fR +ketika membuat nama directory baru jika option \fB\-d\fI tidak +disebutkan dalam membuat account baru. +.IP "\fB\-e \fIdefault_expire_date\fR" +Tanggal ketika user account dimatikan. +.IP "\fB\-f \fIdefault_inactive\fR" +Jumlah hari setelah password kadaluarsa sebelum account +dimatikan. +.IP "\fB\-g \fIdefault_group\fR" +Nama group atau ID sebagai group awal user baru. +Nama group yang disebut harus sudah ada dan nomor group ID +harus mempunyai entry. +.IP "\fB\-s \fIdefault_shell\fR" +Nama untuk login shell milik user baru. +Nama program yang disebutkan akan digunakan untuk semua user +account baru mendatang. +.PP +Jika tidak ada option yang disebutkan, \fBuseradd\fR menampilkan +nilai default yang ada saat ini. +.SH NOTES +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default +user files in the \fI/etc/skel\fR directory. +.br +Versi useradd ini dimodifikasi oleh Red Hat agar cocok dengan +ketentuan mengenai user/group. +.SH CAVEATS +Anda tidak dapat menambahkan user pada grou NIS. +Ini harus dilakukan pada server NIS. +.SH FILES +\fB/etc/passwd\fR \- informasi tentang user account +.br +\fB/etc/shadow\fR \- informasi user account yang terlindung +.br +\fB/etc/group\fR \- informasi tentang group +.br +\fB/etc/default/useradd\fR \- informasi tentang nilai default +.br +\fB/etc/login.defs\fR \- system\-wide settings +.br +\fB/etc/skel\fR \- directory yang mengandung default files +.SH LIHAT JUGA +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR userdel (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH AUTHOR +Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com) diff --git a/man/it/Makefile.am b/man/it/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94460aa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + +mandir 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--stringparam profile.condition "$(PAM_COND);$(SHADOWGRP_COND);$(TCB_COND);$(SHA_CRYPT_COND);$(SUBIDS_COND)" \ +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ --param "man.authors.section.enabled" "0" \ +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ --stringparam "man.output.base.dir" "" \ +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ --param "man.output.in.separate.dir" "1" \ +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ -nonet http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/profile-docbook.xsl $< + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@clean-local: +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@ rm -rf man1 man3 man5 man8 + +#$(man_MANS): +# @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8: man8/pwconv.8 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man3/getspnam.3: man3/shadow.3 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@man8/vigr.8: man8/vipw.8 + +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@$(man_MANS): +@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/it/man1/chage.1 b/man/it/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f1f087 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +chage \- cambia le informazioni sulla scadenza della password +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Imposta la data dell\*(Aqultimo cambio della password, espressa come il numero di giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970\&. La data pu\(`o anche essere specificata nel formato AAAA\-MM\-GG o nella notazione comunemente usata nel proprio paese\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Imposta la data o il numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970 dal quale l\*(Aqaccount utente non sar\(`a pi\(`u accessibile\&. La data pu\(`o essere inserita nel formato AAAA\-MM\-GG (o il formato pi\(`u comunemente utilizzato nel proprio paese)\&. Un utente il cui account sia bloccato deve contattare l\*(Aqamministratore di sistema prima di poter accedere nuovamente al sistema\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Visualizza le informazioni sulla scadenza dell\*(Aqaccount\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTA" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/chfn.1 b/man/it/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4b343e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +chfn \- cambia il nome dell\*(Aqutente e altre informazioni +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Cambia il nome completo dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Cambia il numero di telefono di casa dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Cambia il campo GECOS per le altre informazioni\&. Questo campo viene utilizzato per memorizzare informazioni di \(Foaccounting\(Fc usate da altre applicazioni, e pu\(`o essere modificato solo dal super utente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Cambia il numero della stanza dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Cambia il numero di telefono di lavoro dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e \(FoPassword: \(Fc o una sua traduzione\&. Se si imposta questa variabile allora il testo non verr\(`a tradotto\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/chsh.1 b/man/it/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75c6263 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +chsh \- cambia la shell di login +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome della nuova shell di login dell\*(Aqutente\&. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTA" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e \(FoPassword: \(Fc o una sua traduzione\&. Se si imposta questa variabile allora il testo non verr\(`a tradotto\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Elenco delle shell di login ammesse\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/expiry.1 b/man/it/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc6ba86 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +expiry \- controlla e fa rispettare la scadenza della password +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIopzione\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Controlla la scadenza della password dell\*(Aqutente corrente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Forza un cambio di password se l\*(Aqutente corrente ha una password scaduta\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e71fc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: Rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIopzione\fR] \fIgruppo\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Note sulle password di gruppo" +.PP +Le password di gruppo rappresentano un intrinseco problema di sicurezza perch\('e pi\(`u di una persona deve conoscerle\&. Ciononostante i gruppi sono uno strumento molto utile per la cooperazione tra vari utenti\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Imposta l\*(Aqelenco degli utenti amministratori\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqelenco dei membri del gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/groups.1 b/man/it/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbbc976 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +groups \- mostra i nomi dei gruppi correnti +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIutente\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "NOTA" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/id.1 b/man/it/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84267bb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/it/man1/login.1 b/man/it/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e2af26 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +login \- apre una sessione sul sistema +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInome\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInome\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Pu\(`o anche essere eseguito uno script di inizializzazione per il proprio interprete dei comandi\&. Fare riferimento alla relativa sezione di manuale per maggiori informazioni su questa funzione\&. +.PP +Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Non effettua l\*(Aqautenticazione, l\*(Aqutente \(`e gi\(`a autenticato +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Nome dell\*(Aqhost remoto per questo login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Non modifica l\*(Aqambiente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Attiva il protocollo autologin di rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +La posizione dei file \(`e soggetta a differenze in base alla configurazione del sistema\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, o il percorso completo di un file che contiene l\*(Aqelenco di nomi di device (uno per riga) oppure un elenco di nomi di device separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. L\*(Aqaccesso come root verr\(`a permesso solo attraverso questi device\&. +.sp +Se non definito, root potr\(`a accedere da qualsiasi device\&. +.sp +Il nome di device deve essere specificato senza il prefisso /dev\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indica se permettere l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema anche se non si pu\(`o accedere alla directory home\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se questo file esiste ed \(`e leggibile, l\*(Aqambiente di login viene letto da l\(`i\&. Ogni riga deve essere nella forma nome=valore\&. +.sp +Le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc sono trattate come commenti e ignorate\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve avere il prefisso \(Fo0\(Fc se in ottale, o \(Fo0x\(Fc se esadecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Numero di secondi prima che venga concesso un ulteriore tentativo dopo un accesso fallito\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se impostato, gli accessi falliti verranno tracciati in questo file nel formato utmp\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, questo file inibisce quanto stampato durante l\*(Aqaccesso\&. Se viene specificato un percorso completo, la modalit\(`a silenziosa (hushed) viene attivata se in quel file \(`e presente il nome dell\*(Aqutente o della shell dell\*(Aqutente\&. Se il percorso non \(`e completo, allora la modalit\(`a silenziosa viene attivata se quel file \(`e presente nella directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, il file verr\(`a mostrato prima del prompt di login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve avere il prefisso \(Fo0\(Fc se in ottale, o \(Fo0x\(Fc se esadecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la memorizzazione e la stampa delle informazioni sulle date degli ultimi accessi in /var/log/lastlog\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Massimo numero di tentativi di accesso per password errata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e \(FoPassword: \(Fc o una sua traduzione\&. Se si imposta questa variabile allora il testo non verr\(`a tradotto\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Numero massimo di secondi per l\*(Aqaccesso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la tracciatura degli accessi avvenuti con successo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqinclusione dei nomi utente sconosciuti quando si registrano gli accessi falliti\&. +.sp +Nota: memorizzare i nomi sconosciuti potrebbe diventare un problema legato alla sicurezza se un utente inserisce la propria password al posto del nome utente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la verifica e stampa a video dello stato della casella di posta al momento dell\*(Aqaccesso al sistema\&. +.sp +Andrebbe disabilitato se i file di avvio della shell effettuano gi\(`a questo controllo (\(Fomailx \-e\(Fc o equivalente)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e una lista di nomi di file con \(Fomessaggi del giorno\(Fc separati da \(Fo:\(Fc che vengono mostrati subito dopo l\*(Aqaccesso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e il nome di un file che impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso degli utenti non root\&. Il suo contenuto dovrebbe essere un messaggio che indica il motivo per il quale l\*(Aqaccesso \(`e impedito\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito si tratta di un file che mappa le linee tty nella variabile d\*(Aqambiente TERM\&. Ogni riga del file \(`e in un formato tipo \(Fovt100 tty01\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +La maschera di permessi alla creazione dei file \(`e inizializzata con questo valore\&. Se non specificato la maschera viene impostata a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqimpostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Elenco delle sessioni attive\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +Elenco delle precedenti sessioni di login\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +File di sistema con il messaggio del giorno\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +Impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema per utenti diversi da root\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +Elenco di tipi di terminale\&. +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +Impedisce che vengano mostrati i messaggi di sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e22b925 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +newgrp \- effettua l\*(Aqaccesso a un nuovo gruppo +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgruppo\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/passwd.1 b/man/it/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee06357 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +passwd \- cambia la password utente +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Modifiche delle password" +.PP +All\*(Aqutente viene prima chiesta la propria password attuale, se presente\&. Questa password viene cifrata e confrontata con quella memorizzata\&. All\*(Aqutente viene data solo una possibilit\(`a di inserire la password corretta\&. Il super utente salta questo passo in modo da poter modificare password dimenticate\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesto di inserire la nuova password due volte\&. Le due password sono confrontate e devono essere uguali affinch\('e la password venga accettata\&. +.PP +Quindi viene misurata la complessit\(`a della password\&. In linea di massima le password dovrebbero contenere dai 6 agli 8 caratteri, includendovi uno o pi\(`u caratteri da ciascuno dei seguenti insiemi: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +lettere minuscole +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numeri da 0 a 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +segni di punteggiatura +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Suggerimenti per password utente" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +La compromissione di una password avviene normalmente a seguito di incuria nella scelta o nella gestione della password\&. Per questo motivo non si devono utilizzare password che appaiono nei dizionari o che devono essere scritte\&. La password non deve essere uno nome proprio, il numero della patente, la data di nascita o l\*(Aqindirizzo\&. Uno qualunque di questi potrebbe essere indovinato per violare la sicurezza del sistema\&. +.PP +You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Cancella la password utente (la rende vuota)\&. Questo \(`e un metodo veloce per disabilitare la password per l\*(Aqaccount\&. Imposta l\*(Aqaccount indicato come senza password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Fa scadere subito la password dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il che ha l\*(Aqeffetto di forzare un cambio password al successivo accesso da parte dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Indica che il cambio password va effettuato solo per i token (password) di autenticazione scaduti\&. L\*(Aqutente vuole mantenere inalterati i token non scaduti\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Blocca la password dell\*(Aqaccount indicato\&. Questa opzione disabilita una password modificandola in modo che non corrisponda a nessun valore cifrato (aggiunge un \(Fo!\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della password)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Gli utenti con password bloccata non la possono cambiare\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Visualizza le informazioni sullo stato di un account\&. Lo stato consiste di 7 campi\&. Il primo campo \(`e il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il secondo campo indica se l\*(Aqaccount ha una password bloccata (L), non ha password (NP) o ha una password valida (P)\&. Il terzo campo contiene la data di ultima modifica della password\&. I successivi quattro campi sono l\*(Aqet\(`a minima, la massima, il periodo di avviso e quello di inattivit\(`a\&. Queste et\(`a sono espresse in giorni\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Il controllo della complessit\(`a delle password varia da sistema a sistema\&. All\*(Aqutente \(`e caldamente consigliato si utilizzare una password che ritenga sufficientemente complessa\&. +.PP +Gli utenti possono non essere in grado di cambiare la propria password se NIS \(`e abilitato ed essi non sono collegati al server NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita controlli addizionali durante il cambio password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Avvisa riguardo password deboli (anche se le permette egualmente) se si \(`e root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Massimo numero di tentativi per cambiare una password (troppo facile)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/sg.1 b/man/it/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d6ad20 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +sg \- esegue un comando con un diverso ID di gruppo +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man1/su.1 b/man/it/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b719a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi utente +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi utente" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +su \- cambia ID utente o diventa amministratore +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInome\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesta la password, se necessario\&. Una password errata viene segnalata da un messaggio d\*(Aqerrore\&. Viene effettuato il log di tutti i tentativi, siano essi riusciti o meno, al fine di rilevare ogni abuso del sistema\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Fornisce un ambiente simile a quello che un utente si attende quando effettua direttamente il login\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +La shell che verr\(`a invocata\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Fo\(Fc, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, o il percorso completo di un file che contiene l\*(Aqelenco di nomi di device (uno per riga) oppure un elenco di nomi di device separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. L\*(Aqaccesso come root verr\(`a permesso solo attraverso questi device\&. +.sp +Se non definito, root potr\(`a accedere da qualsiasi device\&. +.sp +Il nome di device deve essere specificato senza il prefisso /dev\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indica se permettere l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema anche se non si pu\(`o accedere alla directory home\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se questo file esiste ed \(`e leggibile, l\*(Aqambiente di login viene letto da l\(`i\&. Ogni riga deve essere nella forma nome=valore\&. +.sp +Le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc sono trattate come commenti e ignorate\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e \(FoPassword: \(Fc o una sua traduzione\&. Se si imposta questa variabile allora il testo non verr\(`a tradotto\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la verifica e stampa a video dello stato della casella di posta al momento dell\*(Aqaccesso al sistema\&. +.sp +Andrebbe disabilitato se i file di avvio della shell effettuano gi\(`a questo controllo (\(Fomailx \-e\(Fc o equivalente)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, tutta l\*(Aqattivit\(`a di \(Fosu\(Fc viene tracciata in questo file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e il nome del comando da mostrare quando si esegue \(Fosu \-\(Fc\&. Ad esempio, se lo di definisce come \(Fosu\(Fc allora \(Fops\(Fc mostrer\(`a che il comando \(`e \(Fo\-su\(Fc\&. Se non definito, \(Fops\(Fc mostrer\(`a il nome della shell invocata, come \(Fo\-sh\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqimpostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/it/man3/shadow.3 b/man/it/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b373f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Chiamate di libreria +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Chiamate di libreria" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +shadow, getspnam \- routine per file delle password cifrate +.SH "SINTASSI" +.PP +\fI#include \fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*nome\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIFILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Ciascun campo significa: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene il nome utente\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene la password\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970 al momento in cui la password \(`e stata cambiata l\*(Aqultima volta\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- giorni prima dei quali la password non pu\(`o essere cambiata\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- giorni dopo i quali la password deve essere cambiata\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l\*(Aqutente viene avvertito\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- giorni dopo la scadenza della password dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene considerato inattivo e disabilitato\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene disabilitato\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- riservato per uso futuro\&. +.RE +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICA" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Queste funzioni possono essere usate solo dall\*(Aqamministratore, perch\('e l\*(Aqaccesso al file delle password shadow \(`e riservato\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/faillog.5 b/man/it/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..157d85f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +faillog \- file di log degli accessi falliti +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +Questo file \(`e composto da record di lunghezza fissa, indicizzati dal valore numerico di UID\&. Ciascun record contiene il conteggio degli accessi falliti a partire dall\*(Aqultimo login corretto, il numero massimo di tentativi permessi prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga disabilitato, il terminale sul quale l\*(Aqultimo tentativo fallito \(`e avvenuto, la data in cui \(`e avvenuto, e infine il periodo (in secondi) durante il quale l\*(Aqaccount verr\(`a bloccato a seguito di un fallimento\&. +.PP +La struttura del file \(`e la seguente: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/it/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5417f08 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +gshadow \- file shadow per i gruppi +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&. +.PP +Ogni riga di questo file contiene questi campi separati da due punti: +.PP +\fBnome del gruppo\fR +.RS 4 +Deve essere un nome di gruppo valido, che esista nel sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBpassword cifrata\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +Questo campo pu\(`o essere vuoto, nel qual caso solo i membri del gruppo possono ottenere i permessi del gruppo\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBamministratori\fR +.RS 4 +Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&. +.sp +Gli amministratori possono cambiare la password o i membri del gruppo\&. +.sp +Gli amministratori hanno anche gli stessi permessi dei membri (vedere sotto), +.RE +.PP +\fBmembri\fR +.RS 4 +Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&. +.sp +I membri possono accedere al gruppo senza che ne sia richiesta la password\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/limits.5 b/man/it/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..491cf33 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LIMITS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +limits \- definizione dei limiti di risorsa +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +In maniera predefinita non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun limite alla quota di \(Foroot\(Fc\&. In effetti non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun modo per imporre una quota massima tramite questa procedura agli account equivalenti a root (cio\(`e tutti quelli con UID 0)\&. +.PP +Ogni riga descrive un limite per l\*(Aqutente in questo formato: +.PP +\fIutente TESTO_LIMITE\fR +.PP +oppure nel formato: +.PP +\fI@gruppo TESTO_LIMITE\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +Gli identificatori validi sono: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A: spazio massimo di indirizzamento (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C: dimensione massima dei file \(Focore\(Fc (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D: spazio massimo per i dati (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F: maximum file size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I: massimo valore di \(Fonice\(Fc (0\&.\&.39 che viene tradotto in 20\&.\&.\-19) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L: massimo numero di accessi per questo utente +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M: massima quantit\(`a di memoria bloccata (della quale non si pu\(`o fare \(Foswap\(Fc) (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N: numero massimo di file aperti +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O: massima priorit\(`a \(Foreal time\(Fc +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R: massimo \(Foresident set size\(Fc (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S: dimensione massima della pila (kB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T: quantit\(`a massima di tempo CPU (MIN) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U: massimo numero di processi +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Notare inoltre che tutte queste impostazioni sono effettuate ad ogni accesso\&. Non si tratta di impostazioni globali n\('e permanenti\&. Forse limiti globali saranno possibili in futuro, ma per ora devono bastare questi ;) +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.access.5 b/man/it/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2af15c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +login.access \- tabella di controllo accessi +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Ogni riga della tabella di controllo degli accessi ha tre campi separati dal carattere \(Fo:\(Fc: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +La ricerca nel file dei gruppi avviene solo quando il nome non corrisponde a quello dell\*(Aqutente che accede\&. I gruppi che possono corrispondere sono solo quelli nei quali l\*(Aqutente \(`e esplicitamente elencato: il programma non controlla l\*(Aqid del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..970ed4a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,854 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +login.defs \- configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +Questo file \(`e un file di testo leggibile nel quale ogni riga descrive un parametro di configurazione\&. Le righe consistono di una coppia nome valore separati da spazi\&. Le righe vuote e di commento sono ignorate\&. I commenti iniziano con con il simbolo "#" che deve essere il primo carattere diverso da spazio della riga\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +Sono forniti i seguenti parametri di configurazione: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, o il percorso completo di un file che contiene l\*(Aqelenco di nomi di device (uno per riga) oppure un elenco di nomi di device separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. L\*(Aqaccesso come root verr\(`a permesso solo attraverso questi device\&. +.sp +Se non definito, root potr\(`a accedere da qualsiasi device\&. +.sp +Il nome di device deve essere specificato senza il prefisso /dev\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indica se per i nuovi utenti va creata la directory home\&. +.sp +Questa impostazione non viene applicata agli utenti di sistema e pu\(`o essere modificata sulla riga di comando\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indica se permettere l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema anche se non si pu\(`o accedere alla directory home\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se questo file esiste ed \(`e leggibile, l\*(Aqambiente di login viene letto da l\(`i\&. Ogni riga deve essere nella forma nome=valore\&. +.sp +Le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc sono trattate come commenti e ignorate\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve avere il prefisso \(Fo0\(Fc se in ottale, o \(Fo0x\(Fc se esadecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Numero di secondi prima che venga concesso un ulteriore tentativo dopo un accesso fallito\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se impostato, gli accessi falliti verranno tracciati in questo file nel formato utmp\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, questo file inibisce quanto stampato durante l\*(Aqaccesso\&. Se viene specificato un percorso completo, la modalit\(`a silenziosa (hushed) viene attivata se in quel file \(`e presente il nome dell\*(Aqutente o della shell dell\*(Aqutente\&. Se il percorso non \(`e completo, allora la modalit\(`a silenziosa viene attivata se quel file \(`e presente nella directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, il file verr\(`a mostrato prima del prompt di login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve avere il prefisso \(Fo0\(Fc se in ottale, o \(Fo0x\(Fc se esadecimale\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la memorizzazione e la stampa delle informazioni sulle date degli ultimi accessi in /var/log/lastlog\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la tracciatura degli accessi avvenuti con successo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqinclusione dei nomi utente sconosciuti quando si registrano gli accessi falliti\&. +.sp +Nota: memorizzare i nomi sconosciuti potrebbe diventare un problema legato alla sicurezza se un utente inserisce la propria password al posto del nome utente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Massimo numero di tentativi di accesso per password errata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Il testo da utilizzare per richiedere la password\&. Il valore predefinito \(`e \(FoPassword: \(Fc o una sua traduzione\&. Se si imposta questa variabile allora il testo non verr\(`a tradotto\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Numero massimo di secondi per l\*(Aqaccesso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita la verifica e stampa a video dello stato della casella di posta al momento dell\*(Aqaccesso al sistema\&. +.sp +Andrebbe disabilitato se i file di avvio della shell effettuano gi\(`a questo controllo (\(Fomailx \-e\(Fc o equivalente)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e una lista di nomi di file con \(Fomessaggi del giorno\(Fc separati da \(Fo:\(Fc che vengono mostrati subito dopo l\*(Aqaccesso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e il nome di un file che impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso degli utenti non root\&. Il suo contenuto dovrebbe essere un messaggio che indica il motivo per il quale l\*(Aqaccesso \(`e impedito\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita controlli addizionali durante il cambio password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Avvisa riguardo password deboli (anche se le permette egualmente) se si \(`e root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Massimo numero di tentativi per cambiare una password (troppo facile)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, tutta l\*(Aqattivit\(`a di \(Fosu\(Fc viene tracciata in questo file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito \(`e il nome del comando da mostrare quando si esegue \(Fosu \-\(Fc\&. Ad esempio, se lo di definisce come \(Fosu\(Fc allora \(Fops\(Fc mostrer\(`a che il comando \(`e \(Fo\-su\(Fc\&. Se non definito, \(Fops\(Fc mostrer\(`a il nome della shell invocata, come \(Fo\-sh\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito si tratta di un file che mappa le linee tty nella variabile d\*(Aqambiente TERM\&. Ogni riga del file \(`e in un formato tipo \(Fovt100 tty01\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +La maschera di permessi alla creazione dei file \(`e inizializzata con questo valore\&. Se non specificato la maschera viene impostata a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, questo comando viene eseguito quando si cancella un utente\&. Dovrebbe rimuovere tutti i compiti di stampa/cron/at di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente da cancellare (passato come primo argomento)\&. +.sp +Il codice d\*(Aquscita restituito dallo script non \(`e preso in considerazione\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqimpostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "RIFERIMENTI INCROCIATI" +.PP +I seguenti riferimenti incrociati mostrano quali programmi del pacchetto shadow password utilizzano quali parametri\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/passwd.5 b/man/it/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2665bd --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +passwd \- il file delle password +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nome di login +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +password cifrata opzionale +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ID utente numerico +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ID gruppo numerico +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +nome utente o commento +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +directory home utente +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +interprete dei comandi utente opzionale +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +file opzionale delle password cifrate +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +Copia di backup di /etc/passwd\&. +.sp +Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/porttime.5 b/man/it/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b169ad --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +porttime \- file delle porte e degli orari d\*(Aqaccesso +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Ciascuna voce \(`e composta da tre campi separati da due punti\&. Il primo \(`e un elenco di device tty, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde a qualsiasi device\&. Il secondo campo \(`e un elenco di nomi utente, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde ad ogni utente\&. Il terzo campo \(`e un elenco degli orari, separati da virgole, in cui \(`e consentito l\*(Aqaccesso\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "ESEMPI" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/shadow.5 b/man/it/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a66bc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +shadow \- file delle password shadow +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order: +.PP +\fBnome di login\fR +.RS 4 +Deve essere un nome valido di un account esistente nel sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBpassword cifrata\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdata dell\*(Aqultimo cambio di password\fR +.RS 4 +Data dell\*(Aqultimo cambio di password espressa in numero di giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970\&. +.sp +The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto implica che la scadenza della password \(`e disabilitata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBet\(`a minima password\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aqet\(`a minima password \(`e il numero di giorni che l\*(Aqutente dovr\(`a attendere prima di poter cambiare nuovamente la propria password\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto o con valore 0 indica che non c\*(Aq\(`e una et\(`a minima della password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBet\(`a massima password\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e il numero di giorni dopo il quale l\*(Aqutente deve cambiare la propria password\&. +.sp +Quando questo numero di giorni \(`e passato, la password pu\(`o ancora essere valida\&. All\*(Aqutente verr\(`a chiesto di cambiare la password durante il successivo accesso\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto indica che non ci sono una et\(`a massima password, un periodo di avviso e nessun periodo di inattivit\(`a (vedere oltre)\&. +.sp +Se l\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e minore dell\*(Aqet\(`a minima password, l\*(Aqutente non pu\(`o cambiare la propria password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBperiodo avviso password\fR +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni prima della scadenza di una password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale l\*(Aqutente riceve un avviso\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto e il valore 0 indicano che non c\*(Aq\(`e un periodo di avviso password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBperiodo inattivit\(`a password\fR +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale la password \(`e ancora accettata (e l\*(Aqutente dovrebbe aggiornare la propria password al primo accesso)\&. +.sp +Dopo la scadenza della password e di questo periodo, l\*(Aqutente non potr\(`a accedere usando questa password, ma dovr\(`a contattare l\*(Aqamministratore\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto implica che non \(`e applicato il periodo di inattivit\(`a\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdata scadenza account\fR +.RS 4 +La data di scadenza dell\*(Aqaccount, espressa in numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970\&. +.sp +Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&. +.sp +Un campo vuoto implica che l\*(Aqaccount non scade mai\&. +.sp +Il valore 0 non andrebbe usato perch\('e potrebbe essere interpretato come account che non scade o come scaduto il 1 gennaio 1970\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBcampo riservato\fR +.RS 4 +Questo campo \(`e riservato per uso futuro\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +Copia di backup per /etc/shadow\&. +.sp +Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man5/suauth.5 b/man/it/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7724654 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Formati di file e conversioni +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Formati di file e conversioni" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +suauth \- file di controllo dettagliato per \(Fosu\(Fc +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) l\*(Aqutente che sta invocando \(Fosu\(Fc (o qualsiasi gruppo del quale questi faccia parte) +.PP +Il formato del file \(`e il seguente, con le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc trattate come commenti e ignorate; +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +AZIONE pu\(`o essere una delle seguenti opzioni attualmente supportate\&. +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc viene bloccato prima ancora che la password sia chiesta\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc ha successo senza neppure chiedere la password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Perch\('e \(Fosu\(Fc abbia successo, l\*(Aqutente deve inserire la propria password che verr\(`a espressamente richiesta\&. +.RE +.PP +Notare che ci sono tre campi diversi separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. Nessuno spazio deve affiancare i due punti\&. Notare anche che il file viene esaminato in maniera sequenziale una riga alla volta, e la prima regola applicabile viene utilizzata senza procede con la lettura delle successive\&. Questo permette all\*(Aqamministratore di sistema di impostare dei controlli allargati o puntuali, come preferisce\&. +.SH "ESEMPIO" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "ERRORI" +.PP +Ce ne possono essere molti non visti\&. Il parser dei file \(`e particolarmente rigido sugli errori di sintassi, attendendo l\*(Aqassenza di spazi estranei (ad eccezione di inizio e fine riga) e specifici separatori per delimitare oggetti diversi\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICA" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abe2ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +chgpasswd \- aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalit\(`a non interattiva +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&. +.sp +I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&. +.sp +Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&. +.sp +I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&. +.sp +Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&. +.PP +Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e704d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +chpasswd \- aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&. +.sp +I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&. +.sp +Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&. +.sp +I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&. +.sp +Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/faillog.8 b/man/it/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11d0c12 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +faillog \- mostra le registrazioni e imposta i limiti degli accessi falliti +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +Nella modalit\(`a di visualizzazione, questo \(`e gi\(`a ristretto ai soli utenti esistenti, ma vengono mostrate anche eventuali registrazioni vuote\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Azzera i contatori degli accessi falliti\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7421e62 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +groupadd \- crea un nuovo gruppo +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIgruppo\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Questa opzione permette di aggiungere un gruppo con un GID non univoco\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Crea un gruppo di sistema\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +I nomi di gruppo devono iniziare con una lettera minuscola o l\*(Aqunderscore, seguiti da lettere minuscole, cifre numeriche, underscore o trattini\&. Possono terminare con il simbolo del dollaro\&. In termini di espressioni regolari: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 16 characters long\&. +.PP +Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID not unique (when +\fB\-o\fR +not used) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name not unique +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d515a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +groupdel \- rimuove un gruppo +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Non si pu\(`o rimuovere un gruppo che sia gruppo primario di un utente\&. Occorre rimuovere l\*(Aqutente prima di rimuovere il gruppo\&. +.PP +Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga alcun file avente questo ID di gruppo\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94aeca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +groupmems \- membri amministratori del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Add a user to the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Cancella un utente dall\*(Aqelenco degli utenti del gruppo\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +Il super utente pu\(`o specificare quale elenco di membri del gruppo modificare\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Elenca tutti i membri del gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Elimina tutti gli utenti dalla lista dei membri del gruppo\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb99b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +groupmod \- modifica la definizione di un gruppo del sistema +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Gli utenti che hanno il gruppo come gruppo primario verranno aggiornati per mantenere tale gruppo come loro gruppo primario\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpck.8 b/man/it/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3b479c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +grpck \- verifica l\*(Aqintegrit\(`a dei file dei gruppi +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [opzioni] [\fIgruppo\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +il corretto numero di campi +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +un nome univoco e valido di gruppo +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/it/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32a8a16 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +lastlog \- riepiloga gli accessi pi\(`u recenti di tutti gli utenti o dell\*(Aqutente dato +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra il record di ultimo accesso per l\*(Aqutente o gli utenti specificati da +\fILOGIN\fR\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Solo le registrazioni degli utenti correnti del sistema verranno mostrate\&. Ci potrebbero essere altre registrazioni per utenti cancellati in precedenza\&. +.SH "NOTA" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Database degli orari dei precedenti accessi utente\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Se ci sono dei grossi scarti tra i valori di UID, il programma lastlog pu\(`o restare in esecuzione per un tempo prolungato senza produrre output sullo schermo (ad es\&. se nel database lastlog non ci sono registrazioni per UID tra 170 e 800, il programma sembrer\(`a bloccato mentre esamina gli UID tra 171 e 799)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..420a346 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +logoutd \- impone le limitazioni sugli orari d\*(Aqaccesso +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +Elenco delle sessioni attive\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/it/man8/newusers.8 b/man/it/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20113e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +newusers \- aggiorna e crea nuovi utenti in blocco +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fIfile\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_name\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Questo campo verr\(`a cifrato e utilizzato come nuovo valore per la password cifrata\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_uid\fR +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(AqUID dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +Se questo campo contiene un numero, verr\(`a utilizzato come UID\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +Se viene cambiato l\*(AqUID di un utente esistente, la propriet\(`a dei file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente stesso andr\(`a cambiata manualmente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Definisce il l\*(AqID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +Se questo campo \(`e numerico, questo numero verr\(`a utilizzato come ID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&. Se non esiste nessun gruppo con quel GID, ne viene creato uno con il nome dell\*(Aqutente e il GID specificato\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +Questo campo viene copiato nel campo GECOS dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_dir\fR +.RS 4 +Questo campo \(`e utilizzato per impostare la directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +Se questo campo non contiene il nome di una directory esistente la directory viene creata, assegnandone la propriet\(`a all\*(Aqutente che si sta definendo o aggiornando e al suo gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +Questo campo definisce la shell dell\*(Aqutente\&. Su questo campo non viene fatto nessun controllo\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi nei quali molti account sono aggiornati allo stesso tempo\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&. +.sp +I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Crea un account di sistema\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&. +.sp +Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&. +.sp +I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&. +.sp +Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Il file di input deve essere protetto poich\('e contiene password non cifrate\&. +.PP +Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Definisce l\*(Aqalgoritmo di cifratura predefinito per le password (se non ne viene specificato uno a riga di comando)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +Con molti cicli \(`e pi\(`u difficile trovare una password usando la forza bruta\&. Ma va notato che \(`e richiesta maggiore potenza di calcolo per autenticare gli utenti\&. +.sp +Se non specificato sar\(`a la libc a scegliere il numero di cicli (5000)\&. +.sp +Il valore deve essere compreso tra 1\&.000 e 999\&.999\&.999\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +La maschera di permessi alla creazione dei file \(`e inizializzata con questo valore\&. Se non specificato la maschera viene impostata a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/nologin.8 b/man/it/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c56b345 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +nologin \- rifiuta gentilmente l\*(Aqaccesso +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "CRONOLOGIA" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwck.8 b/man/it/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3b12b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "PWCK" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +pwck \- verifica l\*(Aqintegrit\(`a dei file delle password +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [opzioni] [\fIpasswd\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +il corretto numero di campi +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +un nome utente univoco e valido +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +identificatori validi dell\*(Aqutente e del gruppo +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +un gruppo primario valido +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +una home directory valida +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +una shell di login valida +.RE +.PP +shadow +checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +Le verifiche sono le seguenti: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ogni elemento del file passwd deve avere un corrispondente elemento in shadow, e viceversa +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le password sono specificate nel file shadow +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +gli elementi di shadow hanno il corretto numero di campi +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +gli elementi di shadow sono unici +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +le date di ultima modifica non sono nel futuro +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Riporta solo gli errori\&. Gli avvisi che non richiedono azioni da parte dell\*(Aqutente non sono mostrati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..176ee8a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "PWCONV" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow\&. +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "ERRORI" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/it/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ee9ab6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "SINTASSI" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/useradd.8 b/man/it/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d87831d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +useradd \- crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per i nuovi utenti +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is not used, +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +must exist\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Un testo qualsiasi\&. Di norma \(`e una breve descrizione del login, ed \(`e attualmente usato come nome completo dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. The directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +Vedere oltre, la sezione \(FoCambiare i valori predefiniti\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga permanentemente disabilitato\&. Un valore pari a 0 disabilita l\*(Aqaccount non appena la password \(`e scaduta, ed un valore pari a \-1 disabilita questa funzionalit\(`a\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome o numero del gruppo di connessione iniziale dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il nome del gruppo deve esistere\&. Un numero di gruppo deve riferirsi ad un gruppo gi\(`a esistente\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +Se possibile vengono copiate le ACL e gli attributi estesi\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. + +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no password at all\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +Non aggiunge l\*(Aqutente ai database \(Folastlog\(Fc e \(Fofaillog\(Fc\&. +.sp +By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do no create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Permette la creazione di un utente con un UID duplicato (non unico)\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Crea un account di sistema\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Crea un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell\*(Aqutente e aggiunge l\*(Aqutente al gruppo stesso\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +L\*(Aqutente SELinux per questo login utente\&. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni automaticamente l\*(Aqutente SELinux\&. +.RE +.SS "Cambiare i valori predefiniti" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +La data in cui l\*(Aqaccount dell\*(Aqutente verr\(`a disabilitato\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga disabilitato\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or ID for a new user\*(Aqs initial group (when the +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is used or when the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable is set to +\fIno\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs)\&. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome della shell di login per il nuovo utente\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un utente ad un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +I nomi utente devono iniziare con una lettera minuscola o un underscore, seguiti da lettere minuscole, cifre numeriche, underscore o trattini\&. Possono terminare con il simbolo del dollaro\&. In termini di espressioni regolari: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +I nomi utente non possono eccedere i 32 caratteri di lunghezza\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indica se per i nuovi utenti va creata la directory home\&. +.sp +Questa impostazione non viene applicata agli utenti di sistema e pu\(`o essere modificata sulla riga di comando\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +La maschera di permessi alla creazione dei file \(`e inizializzata con questo valore\&. Se non specificato la maschera viene impostata a 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqimpostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +Valori predefiniti per la creazione dell\*(Aqaccount\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +Directory contenente i file predefiniti\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/userdel.8 b/man/it/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa09920 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +userdel \- rimuove l\*(Aqaccount di un utente ed i file relativi +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [opzioni] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +I file nella home directory dell\*(Aqutente verranno rimossi insieme alla home directory stessa e alla casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente\&. I file collocati in altri file system dovranno essere cercati e rimossi manualmente\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +Rimuove tutti gli utenti SELinux assegnati al login utente\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Se definito, questo comando viene eseguito quando si cancella un utente\&. Dovrebbe rimuovere tutti i compiti di stampa/cron/at di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente da cancellare (passato come primo argomento)\&. +.sp +Il codice d\*(Aquscita restituito dallo script non \(`e preso in considerazione\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Abilita l\*(Aqimpostazione dei bit di gruppo di umask in modo che siano gli stessi dei bit del proprietario (esempio: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) per utenti non root a condizione che uid e gid siano identici e che il nome utente sia lo stesso del gruppo primario\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga nessun file di propriet\(`a di questo utente\&. +.PP +Non \(`e possibile rimuovere nessun attributo NIS su un client NIS\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server NIS\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/usermod.8 b/man/it/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0f2409 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +usermod \- modifica l\*(Aqaccount di un utente +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +La nuova directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga disabilitato permanentemente\&. +.sp +Il valore 0 disabilita l\*(Aqaccount non appena la password \(`e scaduta, e il valore \-1 disabilita questa funzionalit\(`a\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome o numero del gruppo da assegnare alla connessione dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il gruppo deve esistere\&. +.sp +Tutti i file nella directory home dell\*(Aqutente che hanno come gruppo il precedente gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente stesso verranno modificati perch\('e abbiano questo nuovo gruppo\&. +.sp +Il gruppo dei file che si trovano all\*(Aqesterno della directory home dell\*(Aqutente andr\(`a modificato manualmente\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Sposta il contenuto della directory home di un utente nella nuova posizione\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Il nome della nuova shell di login dell\*(Aqutente\&. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +Il nuovo valore numerico dell\*(AqID utente\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +La casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente e ogni altro file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente che si trovi all\*(Aqinterno della directory home avr\(`a l\*(AqID utente cambiato automaticamente\&. +.sp +La propriet\(`a dei file esterni alla directory home dell\*(Aqutente va corretta manualmente\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +Il nuovo utente SELinux per il login dell\*(Aqutente\&. +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +Si devono apportare tutte le modifiche che riguardano NIS sul server NIS\&. +.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +La directory di spool per la posta\&. Questa \(`e necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato\&. Se non \(`e specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&. +.sp +Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&. +.sp +Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&. +.sp +Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/it/man8/vigr.8 b/man/it/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/it/man8/vipw.8 b/man/it/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d3feb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/it/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 23/01/2020 +.\" Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Italian +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "23/01/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NOME" +vipw, vigr \- modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei gruppi shadow +.SH "SINOSSI" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] +.SH "DESCRIZIONE" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPZIONI" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Modifica del database \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Modifica del database \(Fopasswd\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +Modifica del database \(Foshadow\(Fc o \(Fogshadow\(Fc +.RE +.SH "VARIABILI D\*(AQAMBIENTE" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +Editor da utilizzare\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "FILE" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informazioni sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&. +.RE +.SH "VEDERE ANCHE" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ja/Makefile.am b/man/ja/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffb75a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/ja + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + 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uninstall \ + uninstall-am uninstall-man uninstall-man1 uninstall-man5 \ + uninstall-man8 + +.PRECIOUS: Makefile + + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chage.1 b/man/ja/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cad8bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH CHAGE 1 +.SH 名前 +chage \- ユーザパスワードの有効期限情報を変更する。 +.SH 書式 +.TP 6 +\fBchage\fR +[\fB\-m\fR \fImindays\fR] [\fB\-M\fR \fImaxdays\fR] +[\fB\-d\fR \fIlastday\fR] [\fB\-I\fR \fIinactive\fR] +.br +[\fB\-E\fR \fIexpiredate\fR] [\fB\-W\fR \fIwarndays\fR] \fIuser\fR +.TP 6 +\fBchage\fR +\fB\-l\fR \fIuser\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBchage\fR は、 +パスワードを最後に更新してから、 +次に変更しなければならない期日までの日数を変更する。 +システムはこの情報を用いて、 +ユーザがいつパスワードを変更しなければならないかを決定する。 +\fBchage\fR コマンドを使えるのは root ユーザのみに限られている。 +ただし一般ユーザも \fB\-l\fR オプションを指定すればこのコマンドを利用でき、 +自分のパスワードまたはアカウントがいつ切れるかを知ることができる。 +.PP +\fB\-m\fR オプションを指定した場合、 +\fImindays\fR の値はパスワード変更の間隔の最短日数になる。 +このフィールドをゼロとした時は、ユーザはいつでもパスワードを変更できる。 +.PP +\fB\-M\fR オプションを指定すると、 +\fImaxdays\fR の値はパスワードが有効な最長日数となる。 +\fImaxdays\fR と \fIlastday\fR を足した値が現在の日付より小さい場合、 +ユーザはアカウントを使用する前にパスワードを変更しなければならない。 +\fB\-W\fR オプションを使えばこの期日がいつ来るかが分かるようにできる。 +この場合はユーザに事前に警告が与えられる。 +.PP +\fB\-d\fR オプションを用いると、 +パスワードの最終更新日を設定できる。 +\fIlastday\fR の値は +1970 年 1 月 1 日からパスワード最終更新日までの日数である。 +日付は YYYY\-MM\-DD という書式 +(もしくはあなたの地域でもっとよく用いられている書式) +で指定する事もできる。 +.PP +\fB\-E\fR オプションは、 +それ以降ユーザがアカウントにアクセスできなくなる日付を設定するのに用いられる。 +\fIexpiredate\fR は 1970 年 1 月 1 日から +アカウントがロックされる日までの日数である。 +日付は YYYY\-MM\-DD という書式 +(もしくはあなたの地域でもっとよく用いられているもの) +で指定することもできる。 +アカウントをロックされたユーザが再びそのシステムを使うには、 +システム管理者と連絡を取る必要がある。 +.PP +\fB\-I\fR オプションは、 +パスワードの期限が切れてからアカウントがロックされるまでの +放置日数を設定するために用いる。 +アカウントをロックされたユーザが再びそのシステムを使うためには、 +システム管理者に連絡しなければならない。 +\fIinactive\fR は使用不能期間の日数である。 +0 にすればこの機能を無効にできる。 +.PP +\fB\-W\fR オプションは、 +パスワードの変更が必要となる前に警告を行う期間の日数を設定するために用いる。 +\fIwarndays\fR は、 +パスワードの期限切れに先だって、 +ユーザに期限が切れかかっていることを警告する日数である。 +.PP +いずれのオプションも指定されないと +\fBchage\fR は対話的に動作する。 +全てのフィールドに対して各々現在の設定値を表示し、 +新しい値の入力を促す。 +新しい値を設定する場合はそれを入力し、 +現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。 +現在の値は \fB[ ]\fR の間に表示される。 +.SH 注意 +\fBchage\fR プログラムを用いるには shadow パスワードファイルが必要である。 +この機能は、passwd ファイルにパスワードが保存されているときには +利用できない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- shadow 化されたユーザアカウント情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ja/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38971ea --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH CHFN 1 +.SH 名前 +chfn \- ユーザの氏名や情報を変更する。 +.SH 書式 +.TP 5 +\fBchfn\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIfull_name\fR] [\fB\-r\fR \fIroom_no\fR] +.br +[\fB\-w\fR \fIwork_ph\fR] [\fB\-h\fR \fIhome_ph\fR] [\fB\-o\fR \fIother\fR] +[\fIuser\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBchfn\fR は、ユーザのフルネーム・オフィスの部屋番号・内線番号・ +自宅の電話番号といったアカウント情報を変更する。 +この情報は \fBfinger\fR(1) のようなプログラムによって表示される。 +一般ユーザは自分自身のアカウント情報のみを変更できる。 +スーパーユーザは全てのアカウントに対して情報を変更できる。 +また \fB\-o\fR オプションを用いて +GECOS 欄の未定義部分を変更できるのもスーパーユーザだけである。 +.PP +各フィールドに書く内容に関する制限は、 +コントロール文字・コンマ・コロン・等号を含んでいてはならない、 +ということのみである。 +\fIother\fR 欄に対してはこの制限はないので、 +他のアプリケーションが用いるアカウンティング情報の記録に利用される。 +.PP +いずれのオプションも指定されないと +\fBchfn\fR は対話的に動作する。 +全ての欄に対して各々現在の設定値を表示し、新しい値の入力を促す。 +新しい値を設定する場合はそれを入力し、 +現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。 +現在の値は \fB[ ]\fR 記号の間に表示される。 +オプションを指定しなかった場合、 +chfn は現在のユーザアカウントに対して動作する。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR passwd (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ja/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d56be97 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH CHSH 1 +.SH 名前 +chsh \- ログインシェルを変更する +.SH 書式 +.TP 5 +\fBchsh\fR +[\fB\-s\fR \fIlogin_shell\fR] [\fIuser\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBchsh\fR はユーザのログインシェルを変更する。 +これによって、ユーザがログインして最初に実行されるコマンドが決まる。 +一般ユーザは自分のアカウントのログインシェルのみを変更できる。 +スーパーユーザは全てのアカウントのログインシェルを変更できる。 +.PP +ログインシェルは、 +コマンド名が \fI/etc/shells\fR に記載されていればなんでも良い。 +スーパーユーザの場合はこの制限はなく、いかなる値でも指定できる。 +機能を制限されたログインシェルを用いているアカウントからは、 +ログインシェルを変更できないかもしれない。 +この理由から、 +\fB/bin/rsh\fR は \fI/etc/shells\fR には書かないほうが良い。 +誤って機能が制限されたシェルに変更してしまうと、 +ログインシェルを元のものに戻せなくなってしまうからである。 +.PP +\fB\-s\fR オプションを指定しなかった場合は、 +\fBchsh\fR は対話的に動作する。 +ユーザの現在のログインシェルを表示し、新しい値の入力を促す。 +設定値を変更するなら新しい値を入力し、 +現在の値を使うなら空行のままリターンキーを押せばよい。 +現在のシェルは \fB[ ]\fR 記号の間に表示される。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shells\fR \- 指定できるログインシェルのリスト +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR passwd (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/expiry.1 b/man/ja/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d671507 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" Modified for expiry by Ben Collins , 1999 +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2002 NAKANO Takeo all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH EXPIRY 1 +.SH 名前 +expiry \- パスワードの期限切れポリシーのチェックと執行 +.SH 書式 +.TP 6 +\fBexpiry\fR [\fB\-c\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] +.SH 説明 +.B expiry +は現在のパスワード期限切れ情報をチェック (\fB\-c\fR) し、 +必要な場合は変更を強制する (\fB\-f\fR)。 +このコマンドは通常のユーザコマンドとして呼び出し可能である。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- shadow 化されたユーザアカウント情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH 著者 +Ben Collins diff --git a/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b34157 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski +.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or +.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the +.\" License, or (at your option) any later version. +.\" +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH GPASSWD 1 +.SH 名前 +gpasswd \- /etc/groupファイルを管理する +.SH 書式 +\fBgpasswd\fR \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBgpasswd \-a\fR \fIuser\fR \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBgpasswd \-d\fR \fIuser\fR \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBgpasswd \-R\fR \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBgpasswd \-r\fR \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fB\-A\fR \fIuser\fR,...] [\fB\-M\fR \fIuser\fR,...] \fIgroup\fR +.SH 説明 +.B gpasswd +は /etc/group ファイル +(および SHADOWGRP を定義してコンパイルした時は /etc/gshadow ファイル) +の管理に用いられる。 +各グループには、管理者・メンバー・パスワードを設定できる。 +システム管理者は、 +\fB\-A\fR オプションを使ってグループ管理者 (複数でも可) を定義したり、 +\fB\-M\fR オプションを使ってメンバーを定義したりでき、 +各グループの管理者・メンバーと同等の特権を持つ。 +.PP +グループ管理者は、\fB\-a\fR オプションを用いてユーザを追加したり、 +\fB\-d\fR オプションを用いてユーザを削除したりできる。 +管理者は \fB\-r\fR オプションを用いてグループパスワードを削除できる。 +パスワードが設定されていない時は、 +グループのメンバーのみが +.BR newgrp (1) +を用いてグループの一員になれる。 +オプション \fB\-R\fR を指定すると、 +.BR newgrp (1) +コマンドを用いたグループへのアクセスはできなくなる。 +.PP +グループの管理者がグループ名のみを指定して +.B gpasswd +コマンドを実行した場合は、 +パスワードの入力を求められる。 +パスワードが設定されている場合でも、 +メンバーはパスワードなしで +.BR newgrp (1) +コマンドを使えるが、 +メンバーでない人はパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報 +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- shadow されたグループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR newgrp (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR grpck (8) +.SH 著者 +Rafal Maszkowski diff --git a/man/ja/man1/groups.1 b/man/ja/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0a2bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA +.\" all right reserved, +.\" Translated Tue Oct 30 11:58:18 JST 2001 +.\" by Maki KURODA +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.\"WORD: concurrent group set 同時所属グループ集合 +.\"WORD: real group ID 実グループ ID +.\"WORD: effective group ID 実効グループ ID +.\" +.TH GROUPS 1 +.SH 名前 +groups \- 現在のグループ名の表示 +.SH 書式 +\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR] +.SH 説明 +.B groups +は現在のグループの名前または ID 値を表示する。 +ID 値に対応する名前が \fI/etc/group\fR に登録されていなければ、 +数値のグループ ID で表示される。 +パラメータとして \fIuser\fR を与えると、 +指定した \fIuser\fR が所属するグループ名を表示する。 +.SH 注意 +同時所属グループ集合 (concurrent group set) +をサポートしていないシステムでは、 +\fI/etc/group\fR の情報が報告される。 +ユーザが現在の実グループ ID や実効グループ ID を変更するには、 +\fBnewgrp\fR や \fBsg\fR を使用しなければならない。 +.SH ファイル +/etc/group \- グループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR newgrp (1), +.BR getuid (2), +.BR getgid (2), +.BR getgroups (2) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/id.1 b/man/ja/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..197cbe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2000 ISHIKAWA Keisuke +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Thu Nov 9 23:17:10 JST 2000 +.\" by ISHIKAWA Keisuke +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH ID 1 +.SH 名前 +id \- 現在のユーザ ID 名とグループ ID 名を表示する +.SH 書式 +\fBid\fR [\fB\-a\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBid\fRは、現在の実ユーザ ID、実効ユーザ ID、実グループ ID、 +実効グループ ID の名前または値を表示する。 +値に対応するエントリが \fI/etc/passwd\fR や +\fI/etc/group\fR に存在しない場合は、 +対応する名前は表示されずに値だけが表示される。 +ユーザが同時に複数のグループのメンバーになれるシステムでは、 +\fB\-a\fR オプションを指定するとグループの集合が表示される。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザーアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR getgid (2), +.BR getgroups (2), +.BR getuid (2) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/login.1 b/man/ja/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44d305e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.TH LOGIN 1 +.SH 名前 +login \- システム上でセッションを開く +.SH 書式 +\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] [\fIusername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR ...] +.br +\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] [\fB\-h\fR \fIhost\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIusername\fR] +.br +\fBlogin\fR [\fB\-p\fR] \fB\-r\fR \fIhost\fR +.SH 説明 +.B login +はシステムに新たにセッションを開くために用いられる。 +通常は、ユーザの端末に表示される +.I login: +というプロンプトに応じる事によって自動的に起動される。 +.B login +はシェル専用のものであり、 +サブプロセスとして起動することはできない。 +通常シェルは +.B login +を +\fBexec login\fR とみなすので、ユーザは現在のシェルから抜けることになる。 +ログインシェル以外から \fBlogin\fR を起動しようとすると、 +エラーメッセージが表示される。 +.PP +次いで、必要な場合には、ユーザはパスワードを入力するよう促される。 +パスワードを表示してしまわないよう、エコーは行われない。 +数回以上パスワード入力に失敗すると +\fBlogin\fR は終了し、通信の接続は切断されてしまう。 +.PP +アカウントに対してパスワードの有効期限が設定されている場合は、 +先に進む前に新しいパスワードの設定を促されることもある。 +セッションを続けるためには古いパスワードと +新しいパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。 +詳しい情報は \fBpasswd\fR(1) を参照すること。 +.PP +ログインに成功すると、システムメッセージやメールの有無が表示される。 +ログインディレクトリに長さ 0 のファイル \fI.hushlogin\fR を作っておけば、 +システムメッセージファイルである +\fI/etc/motd\fR の表示を無効にできる。 +メールに関するメッセージは、メールボックスの状態によって +"\fBYou have new mail.\fR", +"\fBYou have mail.\fR", +"\fBNo Mail.\fR" +のいずれかになる。 +.PP +ユーザ ID とグループの ID は +\fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイル中に記載されている値に従って設定される。 +\fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR, \fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR, \fB$MAIL\fR +の値は、パスワードエントリのそれぞれのフィールドに従って設定される。 +ulimit, umask, nice 値が、 +GECOS フィールドのエントリーによって設定されることもある。 +.PP +インストール時の設定によっては、 +\fI/etc/ttytype\fR の指定に従って、 +環境変数\fB$TERM\fRが tty 接続の端末の型 (terminal type) +に初期化されることもある。 +.PP +コマンドインタプリタの初期化スクリプトが実行されることもある。 +この機能についての詳しい情報は適当なマニュアルセクションを参照のこと。 +.PP +サブシステムログインでは、 +ログインシェルの最初の文字に "*" を置く。 +渡されたホームディレクトリは、 +ユーザが実際にログインする新しいファイルシステムのルートとして扱われる。 +.SH オプション +.TP +.B \-p +環境を保存する。 +.TP +.B \-f +ユーザはすでに認証されているものとして、認証動作を行なわない。 +.TP +.B \-h +このログインのリモートホストの名前。 +.TP +.B \-r +rlogin の自動ログインプロトコルを実行する。 +.PP +\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-h\fP, \fB\-f\fP オプションは、 +root が \fBlogin\fP を起動した場合にのみ用いる。 +.SH 警告 +この版の \fBlogin\fR には多くのコンパイル時オプションがあるが、 +サイトによってはこのうちの一部しか使われていないかもしれない。 +.PP +システム設定の違いによって上記ファイルの置き場所は変わる。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/var/run/utmp\fR \- 現在のログインセッションのリスト +.br +\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR \- 過去のログインセッションのリスト +.br +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化パスワードと有効期限情報 +.br +\fI/etc/motd\fR \- システムメッセージファイル +.br +\fI/etc/nologin\fR \- root 以外のユーザのログインを禁止する +.br +\fI/etc/ttytype\fR \- 端末の型のリスト +.br +\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR \- システムメッセージの表示を抑制する +.SH 関連項目 +.BR mail (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR sh (1), +.BR su (1), +.\" .BR d_passwd (5), +.BR login.defs (5), +.BR nologin (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR getty (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a60af04 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH NEWGRP 1 +.SH 名前 +newgrp \- 新しいグループにログインする +.br +sg \- 別のグループ ID でコマンドを実行する +.SH 書式 +\fBnewgrp\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIgroup\fR] +.br +\fBsg\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIgroup\fR [[\fB\-c\fR] \fIcommand\fR]] +.SH 説明 +.B newgrp +はログインセッション中に現在のグループ ID を変更するために用いられる。 +オプションとして \fB\-\fR フラグを与えた場合は、 +新たにログインしたのと同じ様に環境が再初期化される。 +そうでない場合は、現在の作業ディレクトリを含めて、 +現在の環境は変化しない。 +.PP +.B newgrp +は現在の実グループ ID を、指定したグループに +(グループ名を指定しなかった場合は \fI/etc/passwd\fR +に記載されたデフォルトのグループに) 変更する。 +ユーザにはパスワードがなくグループにはある場合、 +あるいはユーザがグループのメンバーではなく +グループにパスワードがある場合には、 +そのユーザはパスワードの入力を求められる。 +グループのパスワードが設定されておらず、 +かつユーザがグループのメンバーでない場合は、 +アクセスは拒否される。 +.PP +.B sg +コマンドは +.B newgrp +と同様に動作するが、コマンドを受け付ける。 +このコマンドは \fB/bin/sh\fR シェルで実行される。 +コマンドが複数の単語からなる場合は、 +sg の実行元となるであろうシェルのほとんどにおいて、 +これらをクォートする必要があるだろう。 +.BR newgrp " と " sg +のもう一つの違いは、 +特定のシェルが \fBnewgrp\fR を特別に扱う点にある。 +このようなシェルは、自分自身を +.B newgrp +が生成した新しい実体と置き換える。このようなことは +.B sg +では起きないので、 +.B sg +コマンドから戻った際には以前のグループ ID に戻る。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR id (1), +.BR login (1), +.BR su (1) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/passwd.1 b/man/ja/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15f55d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,217 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated 2 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH PASSWD 1 +.SH 名前 +passwd \- ユーザパスワードを変更する +.SH 書式 +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-s\fR] [\fIname\fR] +.br +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-R\fR] \fIgroup\fR +.br +\fBpasswd\fR [\fB\-x\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-n\fR \fImin\fR] +[\fB\-w\fR \fIwarn\fR] [\fB\-i\fR \fIinact\fR] \fIlogin\fR +.br +\fBpasswd\fR {\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-e\fR} \fIlogin\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBpasswd\fR はユーザアカウント・グループアカウントのパスワードを変更する。 +一般ユーザは自分のアカウントのパスワードしか変更できない。 +スーパーユーザはいかなるアカウントのパスワードも変更できる。 +グループの管理者はグループのパスワードを変更できる。 +\fBpasswd\fR によって、ユーザのフルネーム・ログインシェル・ +パスワードの期限切れの日付・ +有効期間といったアカウント情報を変更することもできる。 +.PP +.B \-s +オプションを指定すると +.BR passwd " は " chsh +を呼び出してユーザのシェルを変更する。 +.B \-f +オプションを指定すると +.BR passwd " は " chfn +を呼び出してユーザの GECOS 情報を変更する。 +これらの 2 つのオプションは互換性のためだけにある。 +chsh や chfn を直接呼び出しても構わない。 +.SS パスワードの変更 +パスワードが既にある場合は、まず古いパスワードを入力するよう促される。 +入力されたパスワードは暗号化され、記録されているものと照合される。 +正しいパスワードを 1 回で入力しなくてはならない。 +スーパーユーザは、パスワードを忘れてしまった際の変更も行なえる様に、 +このステップを省略できる。 +.PP +パスワードが入力された後、パスワード有効期限の情報を調べ、 +現在パスワードの変更が許されているか検査する。 +もし許可されていない場合は、 +\fBpasswd\fR は変更を拒否して終了する。 +.PP +次にユーザは、置き換えるパスワードを入力するよう促される。 +入力されたパスワードは、充分複雑かどうか検査される。 +一般的な指針としては、 +パスワードは以下の集合それぞれから一つ以上の文字を使った +6 から 8 文字のものにすべきである。 +.IP "" .5i +小文字のアルファベット +.IP "" .5i +大文字のアルファベット +.IP "" .5i +0 から 9 までの数字 +.IP "" .5i +句読点 +.PP +システムのデフォルトの消去文字や +kill 文字を含めないように注意すること。 +\fBpasswd\fR はあまりに単純なパスワードへの変更は拒否する。 +.PP +入力したパスワードが受け入れられた場合、 +\fBpasswd\fR はもう一度入力を促し、 +二番目に入力したものを最初のものと比較する。 +パスワード変更が受け入れられるためには、 +この両者が合致しなくてはならない。 +.SS グループパスワード +\fB\-g\fR オプションを用いた場合、 +指定したグループのパスワードが変更される。 +このオプションはスーパーユーザか指定したグループの管理者しか使えない。 +現在のグループパスワードは尋ねてこない。 +\fB\-g\fR オプションを \fB\-r\fR オプションとともに用いると、 +指定したグループのパスワードが削除される。 +こうすると全てのメンバーがこのグループにアクセスできるようになる。 +\fB\-R\fR オプションを \fB\-g\fR オプションとともに用いると、 +全てのユーザに対して指定したグループへのアクセスを禁止できる。 +.SS パスワードの有効期限情報 +スーパーユーザは、パスワードの有効期限に関する情報を変更できる。 +これには \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-i\fR などのオプションを用いる。 +\fB\-x\fR オプションはパスワードが有効な最長日数を設定するのに用いられる。 +\fImax\fR 日が過ぎるとパスワードを変更するように求められる。 +\fB\-n\fR オプションはパスワードが変更可能となるまでの +最短日数を設定するのに用いられる。 +ユーザは \fImin\fR 日が経過した後でないとパスワードを変更できない。 +\fB\-w\fR オプションはパスワードの使用期限が来る前に +何日間警告を与えるかを設定するために用いられる。 +期限切れの \fIwarn\fR 日前から注意が開始され、 +パスワードが期限切れになるまであと何日残っているかが示される。 +\fB\-i\fR オプションは、 +パスワードの期限が切れてから何日間経過したら、 +そのアカウントを使用不能の状態にするかを設定するのに用いる。 +\fIinact\fR 日間アカウントをパスワード期限切れ状態のままにすると、 +ユーザはそのアカウントに入れなくなる。 +.PP +あるアカウントのパスワードを直ちに期限切れにしたい場合は、 +\fB\-e\fR オプションを用いればよい。 +するとそのユーザは次にログインする際にパスワードを変更するよう強制される。 +\fB\-d\fR オプションを使って、ユーザのパスワードを削除することもできる +(パスワードが空になる)。このオプションは注意して使うこと。 +これを使うと、そのアカウントはログインにパスワードを全く必要としなくなり、 +システムが侵入者に対してオープンになってしまう。 +.SS アカウントの保守 +\fB\-l\fR フラグと \fB\-u\fR フラグを用いると、 +ユーザアカウントをロックしたり、そのロックを外したりできる。 +\fB\-l\fR オプションを用いると、 +パスワードフィールドの値は暗号化された如何なる値ともマッチしなくなり、 +アカウントは使用不能になる。 +\fB\-u\fR オプションを用いると、パスワードは以前の値に戻り、 +アカウントが再び使用可能となる。 +.PP +\fB\-S\fR オプションを用いるとアカウントの状態が表示される。 +アカウントの状態の情報は 6 つの部分からなる。 +最初の部分は、アカウントにロックがかけられている (L)、 +パスワードが存在しない (NP)、 +もしくは使用可能なパスワードがある (P) といった情報を示す。 +2 番目は最後にパスワードが変更された日付を示す。 +残りの4つの部分はそれぞれパスワードの最短期限、最長期限、警告期間、 +使用不能期間である。 +.SS ユーザパスワードに対するヒント +パスワードの安全性は暗号化アルゴリズムの強力さとキー空間の大きさに依存する。 +\fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR のシステム暗号化の方法は +NBS DES アルゴリズムに基づいており、非常に安全性が高い。 +キー空間の大きさは選ばれたパスワードのランダムさに依存する。 +.PP +パスワードの安全性が脅かされるのは、 +大抵の場合パスワードの選択や扱いが不注意なためである。 +従ってパスワードとしては、 +辞書に載っているものや書き留めなければならないものは +避けるべきである。 +また、固有名詞・免許証番号・誕生日・自宅の住所などを +パスワードにするのも避けるべきである。 +これらはいずれもシステムセキュリティを破る際に、 +推量情報に用いられる可能性があるからである。 +.PP +パスワードは紙片に書き留めておく必要が無いよう、 +簡単に思い出せるものにしなくてはならない。 +これは例えば、 +短い二つの単語をくっつけて、 +その間に特殊記号や数字を挟み込むことによって作れる。 +例えば Pass%word など。 +.PP +他の作り方としては、文学作品などから思い出しやすい句を選び出し、 +それぞれの単語から最初もしくは最後の文字を抜き出す方法がある。 +この方法の例としては、 +.IP "" .5i +Ask not for whom the bell tolls. +.PP +という句から +.IP "" .5i +An4wtbt. +というパスワードが作り出せる。 +.PP +クラッカーの辞書には、 +こんな語句は載っていなさそうだ、とみなしても良いだろう。 +しかし、ここに示した方法だけに頼るのではなく、 +自分独自のパスワードの作り方を考え出すべきである。 +.SS グループのパスワードに関する注意 +グループパスワードは、一人以上の人間が知ることが許されるものであるから、 +本質的にセキュリティ上の問題を抱えている。 +しかしグループを使えば別々の人間が共同で作業する事ができるので、 +これは便利なツールではある。 +.SH 警告 +全てのオプションが使えるようには設定されていないかもしれない。 +パスワードの複雑さの検証はサイトによって異なるだろう。 +ユーザはシステムが満足するような、 +充分複雑なパスワードを選ぶよう強制される。 +NIS が動作していて、 +かつ NIS サーバ以外にログインしているユーザは、 +パスワードを変更できない。 +(訳注: この場合 +.BR yppasswd (8) +を用いる。) +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード +.SH 関連項目 +.BR group (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man1/sg.1 b/man/ja/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d07c5e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man1/newgrp.1 diff --git a/man/ja/man1/su.1 b/man/ja/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9406f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 JST 2000 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 JST 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Mon Mar 4 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Modified Tue 16 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH SU 1 +.SH 名前 +su \- ユーザIDを変更する。またはスーパーユーザになる +.SH 書式 +\fBsu\fR [\fB\-\fR] [\fIusername\fR [\fIargs\fR]] +.SH 説明 +\fBsu\fR はログインセッション中に別のユーザになるために用いる。 +ユーザ名を指定せずに起動した場合、 +デフォルトではスーパーユーザの ID に変更する。 +オプション引数 \fB\-\fR を用いると、 +直接ログインした場合と同じ環境に初期化される。 +.PP +ユーザ名の後ろに追加の引数を与えることもでき、 +その場合引数はユーザのログインシェルに渡される。 +特に、その引数の一つとして \fB\-c\fR を渡した場合、 +それに続く引数は大部分のコマンドインタプリタにコマンドとして解釈される。 +コマンドはそのユーザに (\fI/etc/passwd\fR で) +指定されているシェルで実行される。 +.PP +必要な場合には、ユーザにはパスワードの入力が促される。 +間違ったパスワードが入力された場合にはエラーメッセージが出力される。 +\fIsu\fRしようとした場合は、システムの濫用を検知するために、 +それが正しい場合も不正な場合も常に記録が残される。 +.PP +現在の環境は新しいシェルに引き継がれる。 +ただし +\fB$PATH\fR の値は、 +通常のユーザでは \fB/bin:/usr/bin\fR に、 +スーパーユーザでは \fB/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR +に再設定される。 +これは \fI/etc/login.defs\fR の +\fBENV_PATH\fR と \fBENV_SUPATH\fR で変更できる。 +.PP +サブシステムログインでは、 +ログインシェルの最初の文字に "*" を置く。 +渡されたホームディレクトリは、 +ユーザが実際にログインする新しいファイルシステムのルートとして扱われる。 +.SH 警告 +この版の \fBsu\fR には多くのコンパイル時オプションがあるが、 +サイトによってはこの一部しか設定されていないこともある。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化パスワードと有効期限情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR sh (1), +.BR login.defs (5), +.BR suauth (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh diff --git a/man/ja/man3/shadow.3 b/man/ja/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b76a74f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" updated Tue 17 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH SHADOW 3 +.SH 名前 +shadow \- 暗号化されたパスワードファイル用ルーチン +.SH 書式 +.B #include +.PP +.B struct spwd *getspent(); +.PP +.B struct spwd *getspnam(char +.IB *name ); +.PP +.B void setspent(); +.PP +.B void endspent(); +.PP +.B struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE +.IB *fp ); +.PP +.B struct spwd *sgetspent(char +.IB *cp ); +.PP +.B int putspent(struct spwd +.I *p, +.B FILE +.IB *fp ); +.PP +.B int lckpwdf(); +.PP +.B int ulckpwdf(); +.SH 説明 +.I shadow +は shadow パスワードファイル +\fI/etc/shadow\fR の内容を操作するルーチンである。 +\fI#include\fR ファイルに与えられている構造体は以下の通り。 +.sp +struct spwd { +.in +.5i +.br + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ +.br + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ +.br + long sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ +.br + int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ +.br + int sp_max; /* days before change required */ +.br + int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ +.br + int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ +.br + int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ +.br + int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +.br +.in \-.5i +} +.PP +各フィールドの意味は: +.sp +sp_namp \- ヌル終端されたユーザ名文字列へのポインタ +.br +sp_pwdp \- ヌル終端されたパスワード文字列へのポインタ +.br +sp_lstchg \- 1970年1月1日からパスワード最終変更日時迄の日数 +.br +sp_min \- パスワード変更が出来るようになるまでの日数 +.br +sp_max \- パスワードを変更しなくても良い日数 +.br +sp_warn \- パスワードが期限切れになる前に、 +期限切れが近づいている旨の警告をユーザに出す期間の日数 +.br +sp_inact \- パスワードが期限切れになってから、 +アカウントが不能となり使用できなくなるまでの日数 +.br +sp_expire \- 1970年1月1からアカウントが使用不能となる日迄の日数 +.br +sp_flag \- 将来使うときに向けて予約 +.SH 説明 +\fBgetspent\fR, \fBgetspname\fR, \fBfgetspent\fR, \fBsgetspent\fR +は、それぞれ \fBstruct spwd\fR へのポインタを返す。 +\fBgetspent\fR はファイルから次のエントリを、 +\fBfgetspent\fR は指定されたストリーム +(正しい書式のファイルとみなされる) +から次のエントリを返す。 +\fBsgetspent\fR は入力として与えられた文字列を用いて +\fBstruct spwd\fR へのポインタを返す。 +\fBgetspnam\fR はファイル中の現在の位置から +\fBname\fR にマッチするエントリを探す。 +.PP +\fBsetspent\fR は +shadow パスワードファイルへのアクセスを開始するために、 +\fBendspent\fR は終了するために用いられる。 +.PP +\fI/etc/shadow\fR ファイルに対する排他的なアクセスを保証したい場合には、 +\fBlckpwdf\fR ルーチンと \fBulckpwdf\fR ルーチンを用いる。 +\fBlckpwdf\fR は \fBpw_lock\fR を用いて最大 15 秒間ロックを取得しようとする。 +そして最初の 15 秒の残りの間、 +\fBspw_lock\fR によって二度目のロックをしようと試み続ける。 +計 15 秒間の間にいずれかの試みが失敗した場合は、 +\fBlckpwdf\fR は \-1 を返す。 +いずれのロックも成功した場合は 0 が返される。 +.SH 返り値 +これらのルーチンは、エントリが残っていない場合や、 +処理の過程でエラーが発生した場合には NULL を返す。 +返り値が \fBint\fR であるルーチンは、 +成功したら 0 を、失敗したら \-1 を返す。 +.SH 警告 +shadowされたパスワードファイルへのアクセスは制限されているので、 +これらのルーチンはスーパーユーザだけが利用できる。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード +.SH 関連項目 +.BR getpwent (3), +.BR shadow (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/faillog.5 b/man/ja/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fdcf73 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH FAILLOG 5 +.SH 名前 +faillog \- ログイン失敗を記録するファイル +.SH 説明 +.I faillog +は個々のアカウントに対するログイン失敗回数とその限度を記録する。 +ファイルは固定長レコードであり、UID 番号でインデックス付けされている。 +各レコードには、最後にログインに成功して以降のログイン失敗回数、 +アカウントが使用不能となるまでに許されるログイン失敗回数、 +最後にログインに失敗したときの接続デバイス、 +最後にログインに失敗した日付、 +が記録されている。 +.PP +このファイルの構造は以下の通り。 +.DS + + struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + }; + +.DE +.SH ファイル +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR \- ログイン失敗の記録 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR faillog (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/limits.5 b/man/ja/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8c8329 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA +.\" all right reserved, +.\" Translated Mon Nov 5 18:12:16 JST 2001 +.\" by Maki KURODA +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH LIMITS 5 +.SH 名前 +limits \- リソース制限の定義 +.SH 説明 +.I limits +ファイル (デフォルトでは /etc/limits。 +あるいは config.h で定義した LIMITS_FILE) +には、設定したいリソース制限を記述する。 +このファイルは root が所有し、 +root アカウントのみが読み込み可能とするべきである． +.PP +デフォルトでは root に対する制限は設定できない。 +実は、root と同等のアカウント (UID 0 のアカウント) +をこの手段によって制限することはできない。 +.PP +各行には以下の形式でユーザに対する制限を記述する。 +.sp +.I user LIMITS_STRING +.PP +\fBLIMITS_STRING\fP はリソース制限の定義を連結させた文字列である。 +各制限の定義は、1 文字の識別子と、それに続く制限数値からなる。 +.PP +有効な識別子は以下の通り。 +.sp +A: アドレス空間の最大値 (KB) +.br +C: コアファイルサイズの最大値 (KB) +.br +D: データサイズの最大値 (KB) +.br +F: ファイルサイズの最大値 (KB) +.br +M: メモリ上にロックできるアドレス空間の最大値 (KB) +.br +N: ファイルオープン数の最大値 +.br +R: レジデントセットサイズの最大値 (KB) +.br +S: スタックサイズの最大値 (KB) +.br +T: CPU 時間の最大値 (分) +.br +U: プロセス数の最大値 +.br +K: \fBumask\fR(2) により設定される、ファイル作成時の mask +.br +L: このユーザの同時ログイン数の最大値 +.br +P: \fBsetpriority\fR(2) によって設定されるプロセス優先度 +.PP +例えば、\fIL2D2048N5\fP は正しい \fBLIMITS_STRING\fP である。 +以下の 2 つの例は等価である。2 番目のように読み易く書くこともできる。 +.sp +username L2D2048N5 +.br +username L2 D2048 N5 +.PP +\fIusername\fP 以降の行の残りが制限用の文字列として扱われるので、 +コメントは書くことができない。 +login プログラムは、正しくない制限文字列は拒絶する (無視する)。 +.PP +デフォルトのエントリは、ユーザ名が "\fB*\fP" となっているものである。 +\fBLIMITS_FILE\fP に複数の\fIデフォルト\fPを登録すると、 +最後のものがデフォルト指定として使用される。 +.PP +あるユーザへの制限を完全に無効にするには、 +シングルダッシュ "\fB\-\fP" を使用する。 +.PP +さらに、全ての制限の設定は「ログイン単位」で設定されていることに注意すること。 +制限はグローバルではなく、永続的でもない。 +グローバルな制限はいずれ可能になるだろうが、 +今のところは「TO DO」である。;) +.\"nakano 二番目の文これでいいのかなあ。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/limits\fR +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR setpriority (2), +.BR setrlimit (2) +.SH 著者 +Cristian Gafton (gafton@sorosis.ro) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/login.access.5 b/man/ja/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6ec97b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" this is comment +.\" +.\" This page is originally in the shadow package. +.\" Translated Fri 14 Feb 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.TH LOGIN.ACCESS 5 +.\" .Dt SKEY.ACCESS 5 +.\" .Os FreeBSD 1.2 +.SH 名前 +login.access \- ログインアクセスの制御表 +.SH 説明 +.I login.access +ファイルには、ログインを許可または拒絶する、 +(ユーザ, ホスト) や (ユーザ, tty) の組み合わせを指定する。 +.PP +誰かがログインすると、 +.I login.access +ファイルがスキャンされ、最初にマッチする +(ユーザ,ホスト) の組、 +あるいはネットワーク経由のログインでない場合は最初にマッチする +(ユーザ, tty) の組を探す。 +このテーブルの許可フィールドによって、 +ログインが許可されるか拒絶されるかが決まる。 +.PP +ログインアクセス制御表の各行は 3 つのフィールドからなり、 +文字 ":" で分割される。 +.sp 1 +.IR permission : users : origins +.sp 1 +最初のフィールドは "\fB+\fR" (アクセスを許可する) か +"\fB\-\fR" (アクセスを拒否する) でなければならない。 +二番目のフィールドは、一つ以上のログイン名やグループ名、 +もしくは +.B ALL +(必ずマッチする) +でなければならない。 +三番目のフィールドは、 +tty 名 (ネットワーク経由でないログインの場合)、 +ホスト名、 +ドメイン名 ("\fB.\fR"で始まる)、 +ホストアドレス、 +インターネットのネットワーク番号 ("\fB.\fR"で終わる)、 +のひとつ以上の構成要素からなるリストであるか、 +.B ALL +(必ずマッチする) または +.B LOCAL +("\fB.\fR"を全く含まない文字列全てにマッチする) +のいずれかでなくてはならない。 +NIS を運用している場合は、ホストやユーザのパターンで +@netgroupname が使える。 +.PP +.B EXCEPT +オペレータを用いると、 +非常に簡略にルールを指定できる。 +.PP +group ファイルが検索されるのは、 +ログインするユーザ名が名前にマッチしなかった場合に限られる。 +マッチするグループは、 +group ファイル中でユーザ名が明示的にリストされているものに限られる。 +このプログラムはユーザの主グループの ID 番号までは見ない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/login.access\fR +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1) +.SH 著者 +Guido van Rooij diff --git a/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb9566e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh and Chip Rosenthal +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 17:22:36 JST 2000 +.\" by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Sat Jan 13 09:24:04 JST 2001 +.\" by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.\" WORD: shadow login suite shadow ログイン機能 +.TH LOGIN.DEFS 5 +.SH 名前 +/etc/login.defs \- shadow パスワード機能の設定 +.SH 説明 +.I /etc/login.defs +ファイルは shadow ログイン機能に対するサイト固有の設定を定義する。 +このファイルは必ず存在しなければならない。 +このファイルが無くてもシステム運用は可能であるが、 +おそらく望まない結果となるだろう。 +.PP +このファイルは読み取り可能なテキストファイルで、 +ファイル中の一行につき一つの設定パラメータを設定している。 +各行では、設定パラメータの名前とその値が空白で区切られて示される。 +空行とコメント行は無視される。 +コメント行は `#' 記号で始まる。 +記号`#'はその行での空白以外の最初の文字でなければならない。 +.PP +パラメータ値は四つの型を取ることができる。 +文字列・ブール型・数値・倍精度数値、である。 +文字列には全ての印字可能文字を使える。 +ブール型パラメータの値は ``yes'' か ``no'' のいずれかでなければならない。 +値の指定されていないブール型パラメータや、 +``yes'', ``no'' 以外が指定されたブール型パラメータの値は ``no''とされる。 +(単精度および倍精度) 数値は、 +10 進数、 +(数値の前に ``0'' を付けた) 8 進数、 +(数値の前に ``0x'' を付けた) 16 進数のいずれかで指定する。 +単精度・倍精度数値パラメータの最大値は計算機に依存する。 +.PP +以下に示すような設定項目がある: +.\" +.IP "CHFN_AUTH (ブール値)" +もし +.I yes +なら、 +.BR chfn ", " chsh +両プログラムは、スーパーユーザが起動したのでない限り +何らかの変更を行なう前にパスワードを尋ねる。 +.\" +.IP "CHFN_RESTRICT (文字列)" +このパラメータは +.I passwd +ファイルの +.I gecos +フィールドのうち、 +一般ユーザが +.B chfn +を使って変更できるフィールドを指定する。 +指定する文字列は +.IR f , +.IR r , +.IR w , +.I h +各文字の任意の組み合わせで、それぞれフルネーム、部屋番号、 +職場電話番号、自宅電話番号を意味する。 +指定されなかった場合は、スーパーユーザだけが全ての項目を変更できる。 +最も制限をきつくしたい場合は、 +chfn を SUID ではインストールしなければよい。 +.\" +.IP "GID_MAX (数値)" +.IP "GID_MIN (数値)" +.B useradd +プログラムおよび +.B groupadd +プログラムがグループ ID を選択する時の範囲。 +.\" +.IP "MAIL_DIR (文字列)" +メールスプールディレクトリ。 +あるユーザアカウントが修正・削除された際に、 +そのユーザのメールボックスに対する作業のために必要となる。 +指定されないと、コンパイル時のデフォルト値が用いられる。 +.\" +.IP "PASS_MAX_DAYS (数値)" +一つのパスワードを使える最長日数。 +パスワードがこの日数よりも古い場合は、変更するよう強制される。 +指定されていない場合は \-1 となる (この制限機能を無効にする)。 +.IP "PASS_MIN_DAYS (数値)" +パスワードを変更してから次に変更できるようになるまでの最短日数。 +この日数が経たないうちにパスワードを変更しようとしても拒否される。 +指定されていない場合は \-1 となる (この制限機能を無効にする)。 +.IP "PASS_WARN_AGE (数値)" +パスワードの有効期限が来る前に警告を発する期間の日数。 +ゼロにしておくと、期限切れの当日にのみ警告を行い、 +負の数を指定した場合は一切警告を行わない。 +指定されていない場合は警告を行わない。 +.PP +PASS_MAX_DAYS, PASS_MIN_DAYS, PASS_WARN_AGE +はアカウントを作るときにだけ利用される。 +これらの設定を変更しても、既存のアカウントには影響しない。 +.\" +.IP "UID_MAX (数値)" +.IP "UID_MIN (数値)" +.B useradd +プログラムがユーザ ID を選択する時の範囲。 +.\" +.IP "UMASK (数値)" +許可属性マスクをこの値に初期化する。 +指定されていない場合は、許可属性マスクは 077 に初期化される。 +.\" +.IP "USERDEL_CMD (文字列)" +定義されていると、ユーザを削除するときにこのコマンドが実行される。 +削除されるユーザ (最初の引き数に渡される) の at/cron/print +ジョブなどを削除するコマンドにしておくとよい。 +.\" +.SH 参照表 +以下の参照表は、 +shadow パスワード機能のどのプログラムが +どのパラメータを使用するかを示したものである。 +.na +.IP chfn 12 +CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT +.IP chsh 12 +CHFN_AUTH +.IP groupadd 12 +GID_MAX GID_MIN +.IP newusers 12 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +UMASK +.IP pwconv 12 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.IP useradd 12 +GID_MAX GID_MIN +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +UID_MAX UID_MIN +UMASK +.IP userdel 12 +MAIL_DIR +USERDEL_CMD +.IP usermod 12 +MAIL_DIR +.ad +.SH バグ +shadow パスワード機能によって提供されてきた機能の大部分は、 +現在は PAM によって処理されている。 +したがって、 +.BR login (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR su (1) +などのプログラムは、もはや +\fI/etc/login.defs\fR +を用いない。 +対応する PAM の設定ファイルを調べるようにしてほしい。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR su (1), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5), +.BR pam (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) +.br +Chip Rosenthal (chip@unicom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ja/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..438f499 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.TH PASSWD 5 +.SH 名前 +passwd \- パスワードファイル +.SH 説明 +.I passwd +ファイルには各ユーザアカウントの様々な情報が記録されている。 +書かれているのは次の通り。 +.IP "" .5i +ログイン名 +.IP "" .5i +暗号化されたパスワード (無いこともある) +.IP "" .5i +ユーザ ID 番号 +.IP "" .5i +グループ ID 番号 +.IP "" .5i +ユーザ名またはコメントのフィールド +.IP "" .5i +ユーザのホームディレクトリ +.IP "" .5i +ユーザのコマンドインタプリタ +.PP +パスワードが shadow 化されている場合は、 +パスワードフィールドを埋めてはならない。 +shadow パスワードを用いている場合、暗号化されたパスワードは +\fI/etc/shadow\fR に書かれている。 +暗号化されたパスワードは、 +アルファベット a から z、A から Z、0 から 9、\. と / の +64 文字から作られた 13 文字からなる。 +この文字列がどのように解釈されるかの詳細は +\fBcrypt\fR(3) を参照のこと。 +.PP +オプションとして、パスワードの後に、 +コンマに続いてパスワードの有効期限文字列が記されていることもある。 +この文字列はパスワードと同じ文字セットからなる。 +最初の文字は、パスワードが何週間有効かを示す。 +二番目の文字は、何週間経てばユーザがパスワードを変更できるかを示す。 +最後の二文字は、 +最後にパスワードを変更したのが +1970 年 1 月から何週間経過した時点であるかを表す。 +パスワードの有効期限が過ぎた時は、 +ユーザは新しいパスワードを設定しなければならない。 +.PP +コメントフィールドは +\fBfinger\fR(1) のような様々なシステムユーティリティから利用される。 +コメントフィールドには、追加情報として、 +次のような 3 つの数値が記入されていることもある。 +.IP "" .5i +pri= \- nice の初期設定値 +.IP "" .5i +umask= \- umask の初期設定値 +.IP "" .5i +ulimit= \- ulimit の初期設定値 +.PP +これらのフィールドは互いに、また他のコメントフィールドと、 +コンマを用いて分離される。 +.PP +ホームディレクトリフィールドは、 +初期作業ディレクトリの名前を与える。 +\fBlogin\fR はこの情報を用いて環境変数 \fBHOME\fR の内容を設定する。 +.PP +コマンドインタプリタのフィールドには、 +ユーザのコマンド言語インタプリタか、 +最初に実行するプログラムの名前を記す。 +\fBlogin\fR はこの情報を用いて環境変数 \fBSHELL\fR の内容を設定する。 +このフィールドに何も記されていない場合は、 +デフォルト値として \fB/bin/sh\fR を使用する。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR su (1), +.BR shadow (5), +.BR pwconv (8), +.BR pwunconv (8), +.BR sulogin (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/porttime.5 b/man/ja/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b6b035 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.TH PORTTIME 5 +.SH 名前 +porttime \- ポートアクセス時間設定ファイル +.SH 説明 +.I porttime +は tty デバイス・ユーザ名・ログイン可能時間、のリストからなる。 +.PP +それぞれのエントリは、コロンで区切られた三つのフィールドからなる。 +最初のフィールドはコンマで区切られた tty デバイスのリストで、 +アスタリスクを指定した場合はあらゆる tty デバイスにマッチする。 +二番目のフィールドはコンマで区切られたユーザ名のリストで、 +アスタリスクを指定した場合はあらゆるユーザにマッチする。 +三番目のフィールドは、 +コンマで区切られたログインを許可時間のリストである。 +.PP +アクセス時間の各エントリは、 +\fBSu\fR, \fBMo\fR, \fBTu\fR, \fBWe\fR, \fBTh\fR, \fBFr\fR, \fBSa\fR +で略記されたゼロ個以上の曜日と、 +ハイフンで区切られた 2 つの時刻とからなる。 +月曜日から金曜日までを指定する \fBWk\fR や、 +全ての日を指定する \fBAl\fR という略記法を用いることもできる。 +曜日の指定が無い場合は \fBAl\fR だとみなされる。 +.SH 例 +次のエントリは、ユーザ \fBjfh\fR が平日の午前9時から午後5時まで、 +全てのポートからアクセス可能であることを示す。 +.br +.sp 1 + *:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.br +.sp 1 +次のエントリは、 +\fBroot\fR と \fBoper\fR 以外のユーザには、どの時間帯にも +/dev/console からのアクセスを許可しない。 +この例は、\fI/etc/porttime\fR +ファイルがアクセス可能時間のリストを +どういう順序で扱うかも示している。 +他の全てのユーザは二番目のエントリにマッチし、 +したがって console からのアクセスは許可されない。 +.br +.sp 1 + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 +.br + console:*: +.br +.sp 1 +次のエントリは、 +ユーザ \fBgames\fR が、就業時間外なら +あらゆるポートからアクセスできるように指定している。 +.br +.sp 1 + *:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.br +.sp 1 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/porttime\fR \- ポートへのアクセス可能時間を記したファイル +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/shadow.5 b/man/ja/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8885990 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.TH SHADOW 5 +.SH 名前 +shadow \- 暗号化されたパスワードファイル +.SH 説明 +.I shadow +にはユーザのアカウントに対する暗号化されたパスワード情報、 +およびオプションとしてパスワードの有効期限の情報が記されている。 +含まれている内容は +.IP "" .5i +ログイン名 +.IP "" .5i +暗号化されたパスワード +.IP "" .5i +1970 年 1 月 1 日から、最後にパスワードが変更された日までの日数 +.IP "" .5i +パスワードが変更可能となるまでの日数 +.IP "" .5i +パスワードを変更しなくてはならなくなる日までの日数 +.IP "" .5i +パスワード有効期限が来る前に、ユーザが警告を受ける日数 +.IP "" .5i +パスワード有効期限が過ぎてからアカウントが使用不能になるまでの日数 +.IP "" .5i +1970 年 1 月 1 日からアカウントが使用不能になる日までの日数 +.IP "" .5i +予約フィールド +.PP +パスワードフィールドは必ず記入されていなくてはならない。 +暗号化されたパスワードは、 +a から z、A から Z のアルファベット、 +0 から 9 までの数字、 \. と / の 64 文字のうちの、 +13 文字以上 24 文字以下である。 +この文字列がどのように解釈されるかの詳細は \fBcrypt\fR(3) を参照せよ。 +.PP +最後にパスワードを変更した日時は +1970 年 1 月 1 日からの日数として記述される。 +パスワードは十分な日数が経過してからでないと変更できず、 +また最大日数が経過した後は必ず変更しなければならない。 +変更可能となるまでに要する日数が有効期限よりも大きい場合は、 +ユーザがパスワードを変更することは出来ない。 +.PP +パスワードの有効期限が過ぎてから、 +指定日数のうちにパスワードを変更しなかった場合は、 +そのアカウントは無効になり、使えなくなる。 +また、アカウントを指定した期日に、 +(その他のパスワード有効期限情報にはよらず) +使用不能とすることもできる。 +.PP +この情報は、\fI/etc/passwd\fR 中の +あらゆるパスワード情報・有効期限情報よりも優先される。 +.PP +パスワードの安全性を保つためには、 +このファイルを一般ユーザが読めるようにしてはならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたユーザパスワード +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chage (1), +.BR login (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR su (1), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR pwconv (8), +.BR pwunconv (8), +.BR sulogin (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man5/suauth.5 b/man/ja/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b379d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri 14 Feb 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Tue 18 Sep 2002 by NAKNAO Takeo +.\" +.TH SUAUTH 5 "Feb 14, 1996" +.UC 5 +.SH 名前 +suauth \- su を詳細に制御するためのファイル +.SH 書式 +.B /etc/suauth +.SH 説明 +.I /etc/suauth +ファイルは、 +su コマンドが実行されるたびに参照される。 +このファイルを用いると、 +以下の情報に基づいて su コマンドの動作を変更できる。 +.PP +.RS +.nf +1) su で成り代わろうとしているユーザ +.fi +2) su コマンドを実行しているユーザ +(もしくはそのユーザが属するグループのいずれか) +.RE +.PP +このファイルは次の様な書式をしている。 +# で始まる行はコメントとして扱われ、無視される。 +.PP +.RS +to\-id:from\-id:ACTION +.RE +.PP +ここで to\-id は、 +.B ALL +という単語、 +コンマで区切られたユーザ名のリスト、 +.B ALL EXCEPT +という単語以降に置かれた "," 区切りのユーザ名リスト、 +のいずれかである。 +.PP +from\-id は to\-id と同じ書式であり、更に +.B GROUP +という単語も使用できる。 +.B ALL EXCEPT GROUP +という使い方も同様に利用できる。 +.B GROUP +の後には一つ以上のグループ名を "," で区切って記す。 +そのグループを主グループ id として持つだけではだめで、 +\fI/etc/group\fR のエントリにユーザ名が記されていなければならない。 +.PP +ACTION には、以下のオプションのいずれか一つを指定できる。 +.TP 10 +.B DENY +パスワードを聞く前に su 動作を中止する。 +.TP +.B NOPASS +自動的に su は成功し、パスワードは尋ねない。 +.TP +.B OWNPASS +su が成功するためには、 +ユーザが自分のパスワードを入力しなくてはならない。 +パスワードを入力するように要求される。 +.PP +コロンによって区切られた別々のフィールドが三つある点に注意すること。 +コロンの前後に空白があってはならない。 +ファイルは一行毎に順番に吟味され、 +最初にマッチした規則が用いられ、 +ファイルの残りはそれ以上捜査されない。 +これによって、 +システム管理者は望む限りの微調整を行うことが可能となる。 +.SH 例 +.PP +.nf +# /etc/suauthファイルの例 +# +# 二人の特権ユーザが、自分のパスワードを +# 用いて root に su できる。 +# +root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS +# +# 他のユーザは wheel グループに属していない限り +# root に su できない。これは BSD と同じ動作である。 +# +root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY +# +# おそらく terry と birddog は同じ人間が +# 所有するアカウントである。 +# パスワード無しで互いに他方に su できる。 +# +terry:birddog:NOPASS +birddog:terry:NOPASS +# +.fi +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/suauth\fR +.SH バグ +多くのバグが潜んでいる可能性がある。 +とりわけ、ファイルパーザは書式エラーに寛大ではなく、 +(行の始め及び終わり以外に) 無駄な空白があってはならないし、 +特定のトークンが別々のものを区切るようになっている。 +.SH 返り値 +ファイルをパースする際のエラーは +.BR syslogd (8) +を通して、AUTH ファシリティの ERR レベルで通知される。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR su (1) +.SH 著者 +.nf +Chris Evans (lady0110@sable.ox.ac.uk) +Lady Margaret Hall +Oxford University +England diff --git a/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5dc43e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Wed Apr 26 18:06:10 JST 2000 +.\" by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH CHPASSWD 8 +.SH 名前 +\fBchpasswd\fR \- パスワードファイルをバッチ処理で更新する +.SH 書式 +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fB\-e\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBchpasswd\fR コマンドは +標準入力からユーザ名とパスワードの組が記されているファイルを読み込み、 +その情報を用いて既存のユーザ群のパスワード情報を更新する。 +\-e オプションがない場合は、パスワードは平文とみなされる。 +\-e オプションがある場合は、パスワードは暗号化されているとみなされる。 +各行の書式は次の通り。 +.sp 1 + \fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.sp 1 +指定したユーザは既に存在していなければならない。 +与えられたパスワードは必要に応じて暗号化され、 +パスワードの有効期限がある場合はそれも更新される。 +.PP +このコマンドは、同時に大量のアカウントを作成するような、 +大規模なシステム環境で用いるために作られた。 +.SH 警告 +.\" The \fBmkpasswd\fR command must be executed afterwards to update the +.\" DBM password files. +入力ファイルに暗号化されていないパスワードが記されている場合は、 +適切に保護しておかなければならない。 +.\" This command may be discarded in favor of the newusers(8) command. +.SH 関連項目 +.\" mkpasswd(8), passwd(1), useradd(1) +.BR passwd (1), +.BR newusers (8), +.BR useradd (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/faillog.8 b/man/ja/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..222043a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 \- 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH FAILLOG 8 +.SH 名前 +faillog \- faillog を調べ、login 失敗の制限を設定する +.SH 書式 +\fBfaillog\fR [\fB\-u\fR \fIlogin\-name\fR] [\fB\-a\fR] [\fB\-t\fR \fIdays\fR] +[\fB\-m\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB\-pr\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBfaillog\fR はログインの失敗を記録するログファイル +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR の内容を整形し、 +失敗の回数と制限値を記録・管理する。 +\fBfaillog\fR に与える引数の順序は重要であり、 +各引数は与えられた順に直ちに処理される。 +.PP +\fB\-p\fR フラグを指定するとログイン失敗のエントリを UID 順に表示する。 +\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR と入力すると、 +\fIlogin\-name\fR のログイン失敗記録のみを表示する。 +\fB\-t \fIdays\fR と入力すると、 +最近 \fIdays\fR 日以内のログイン失敗の記録を表示する。 +\fB\-u\fR フラグを指定すると \fB\-t\fR フラグは無視される。 +.\"nakano というのが実際の動作のような気がするのだけど... +\fB\-a\fR フラグを用いると全ユーザに対する記録が表示される。 +このフラグを \fB\-p\fR フラグとともに用いると、 +これまでにログインに失敗した全てのユーザが表示される。 +\fB\-a\fR は \fB\-r\fR フラグと用いても意味が無い。 +.PP +\fB\-r\fR フラグはログイン失敗回数の記録をリセットする。 +このオプションを用いるには +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR への書き込み権限が必要である。 +\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR と入力すると、 +\fIlogin\-name\fR のログイン失敗回数のみをリセットする。 +.PP +\fB\-m\fR フラグは、 +アカウントが使用不能になるまでの最大のログイン失敗回数を設定する。 +このオプションを用いるには +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR への書き込み権限が必要である。 +\fB\-m \fImax\fR と入力すると、 +全てのアカウントはログイン失敗回数が \fImax\fR になると使用不能になる。 +.\"nakano double meaning... +\fB\-u \fIlogin\-name\fR を同時に用いると、 +この機能を \fIlogin\-name\fR だけに作用させることができる。 +\fImax\fR の値を 0 にするとログインの失敗回数には制限が無くなる。 +システムに対するサービス不能攻撃を防ぐため、 +\fBroot\fR の最大ログイン失敗回数は常に 0 にしておくべきである。 +.PP +オプションはほぼどのように組み合わせても良い。 +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-m\fR +の各オプションは、 +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-t\fR の指定による修正を受け、 +指定した順に実行される。 +.SH 警告 +\fBfaillog\fR は、 +最後に失敗して以降ログインに成功していないユーザのみを表示する。 +ログインに失敗した後に正しくログインできたユーザも表示させるには、 +\fB\-u\fR フラグを用いてそのユーザを明示的に指定するか、 +\fB\-a\fR フラグを用いて全ユーザを表示させなければならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/var/log/faillog\fR \- 失敗を記録したファイル +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR faillog (5) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bdf73d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH GROUPADD 8 +.SH 名前 +groupadd \- 新しいグループを作成する +.SH 書式 +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid \fR[\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-f\fR] \fIgroup\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBgroupadd\fR コマンドは、 +コマンドライン上で指定された値と +システムのデフォルト値とを用いて新しいグループを作成する。 +新しいグループが必要に応じてシステムファイルに記入される。 +\fBgroupadd\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。 +.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR" +新規グループの ID 番号。 +この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。 +また非負値でなければならない。 +デフォルトでは、99 および他のあらゆる既存グループの ID よりも大きい、 +最小の数値となる。 +0 から 999 までの値は、 +通常システム用のアカウントに予約されている。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループアカウント情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR useradd (8), +.BR userdel (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f24453 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH GROUPDEL 8 +.SH 名前 +groupdel \- グループを削除する +.SH 書式 +\fBgroupdel\fR \fIgroup\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBgroupdel\fR コマンドは、システムアカウントファイルを修正し、 +グループ \fIgroup\fR に対応するすべてのエントリを削除する。 +指定されたグループは存在していなければならない。 +.PP +全てのファイルシステムに、 +指定したグループの ID を持つファイルが残っていないことを、 +手作業で確認しなくてはならない。 +.SH 警告 +存在するユーザの主グループを削除してはならない。 +グループを削除する前にそのユーザを削除しなければならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報 +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR useradd (8), +.BR userdel (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb0f7cf --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH GROUPMOD 8 +.SH 名前 +groupmod \- グループを修正する +.SH 書式 +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIgid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-n\fR \fIgroup_name\fR] +\fIgroup\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBgroupmod\fR コマンドは、 +コマンドラインからの指定によって、 +システムアカウントファイルを修正する。 +\fIgroupmod\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。 +.IP "\fB\-g \fIgid\fR" +変更を受けるグループの ID 番号。 +この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。 +また非負値でなくてはならない。 +デフォルトは、999 および他のあらゆる既存グループの ID よりも大きい、 +最小の数値となる。 +変更前のグループ ID を持つ全てのファイルは、 +手作業で新しいグループ ID へと変更しなければならない。 +.IP "\fB\-n \fIgroup_name\fR" +グループの名前が \fIgroup\fR から \fIgroup_name\fR に変更される。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/group\fR \- グループ情報 +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 安全なグループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR useradd (8), +.BR userdel (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpck.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c570c28 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1992 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH GRPCK 8 +.SH 名前 +grpck \- グループファイルが正しいかどうか検査する +.SH 書式 +\fBgrpck\fR [\fB\-r\fR] [\fIgroup\fR \fIshadow\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBgrpck\fR コマンドはシステムの認証情報が正しいかどうか検査する。 +\fI/etc/group\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR +各ファイルの全てのエントリに対し、 +各フィールドの書式が正しいか、 +そのデータが有効なものかどうかを検証する。 +書式が正しくないエントリや、 +修正不能な誤りを含むエントリは削除するようプロンプトを出す。 +.P +各々のエントリに対して +.sp +.in +.5i +\- フィールドの数が正しいか +.br +\- グループ名に重複がないか +.br +\- メンバーのリストと管理者のリストが正しいか +.in -.5i +.sp +がチェックされる。 +.P +フィールドの数が間違っていたり、 +グループ名が重複しているのは致命的なエラーである。 +フィールドの数が正しくない場合、 +ユーザーはそのエントリ行を削除するよう促される。 +削除に同意しなかった場合は、それ以降のチェックは行われない。 +重複したグループ名があった場合も削除を促されるが、 +この場合は削除しなくてもそれ以降のチェックは続行される。 +他の全てのエラーに対しては警告がなされる。 +\fBgroupmod\fR コマンドを実行してそのエラーを修正すると良いだろう。 +.P +\fI/etc/group\fR ファイルを操作するコマンドは、 +壊れたエントリや重複したエントリを変更できない。 +そのような際に誤りのあるエントリを削除するには +\fBgrpck\fR を用いるとよい。 +.SH オプション +デフォルトでは \fBgrpck\fR は \fI/etc/group\fR ファイルと +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR に対して動作する。 +\fIgroup\fR パラメータと \fIshadow\fR パラメータを用いて、 +別のファイルを選択することもできる。 +さらに \fB\-r\fR フラグを指定すれば、 +リードオンリーモードでコマンドを実行することもできる。 +この場合、変更を行うかどうかはユーザへ問い合わされず、 +自動的に \fBno\fR と回答される。 +.B grpck +は +\fI/etc/group\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR +のエントリを GID でソートすることもできる。 +ソートモードで動作させるには \fB\-s\fR フラグを与える。 +この場合チェックは行われず、単にソートするだけである。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワードとグループ管理者情報 +.br +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \ \- ユーザー情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR group (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5), +.BR groupmod (8) +.SH 返り値 +\fBgrpck\fR コマンドは終了時に以下の値を返す: +.IP 0 5 +成功 +.IP 1 5 +構文エラー +.IP 2 5 +誤ったグループエントリが存在する +.IP 3 5 +グループファイルをオープンできない +.IP 4 5 +グループファイルをロックできない +.IP 5 5 +グループファイルを更新できない +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..171d6a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1992, Phillip Street and Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" @(#)lastlog.8 3.3 08:24:58 29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release) +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated & Modified Thu Oct 14 1997 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Mon Mar 4 2002 by kentaro Shirakata +.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH LASTLOG 8 +.SH 名前 +lastlog \- lastlog ファイルを調べる +.SH 書式 +.TP 8 +\fBlastlog\fR [(\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-user\fR) \fIlogin\fR] +[(\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-time\fR) \fIdays\fR] [(\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR)] +.SH 説明 +\fBlastlog\fR は最終ログインの記録ファイル +\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR の内容を整形して表示する。 +\fBログイン名\fR・\fBポート\fR・\fB最終ログイン時刻\fR、が表示される。 +オプションを指定しなかった場合、デフォルトでは +lastlog エントリを UID の数値でソートして表示する。 +.TP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR \fIlogin\-name\fR +\fIlogin\-name\fR の記録だけを表示する。 +.TP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR \fIdays\fR +最近 \fIdays\fR 日以内の最終ログインを表示する。 +.TP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +オンラインヘルプを表示して終了する。 +.PP +\fB\-u\fR フラグを用いると \fB\-t\fR は無視される。 +.\"nakano というのが実際の動作のように見えるのだが。 +.PP +一度もログインしていないユーザに対しては、 +ポートと時刻の代わりに +\fB"**Never logged in**"\fR +というメッセージが表示される。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR \- lastlog 記録ファイル +.SH 警告 +UID 番号に大きな飛びがあると、 +lastlog プログラムは長時間画面に何も出力しないまま +実行を続ける (例えば mmdf が 800 で最後の UID が 170 の場合、 +UID が 171\-799 の間プログラムは何も出力しないので、 +ハングしたように見える)。 +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) +.BR +Phillip Street diff --git a/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8215a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Sat 21 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH LOGOUTD 8 +.SH 名前 +logoutd \- ログイン時間の制限を実施する +.SH 書式 +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBlogoutd\fR は \fI/etc/porttime\fR +に記されているログイン時間・ポートに対する制限を実施する。 +.B logoutd +は \fI/etc/rc\fR によって起動されるようにする。 +\fI/etc/utmp\fR ファイルが定期的にスキャンされ、 +ログインしている各ユーザが +\fI/etc/porttime\fR 中でのそのユーザの許可 +(ポートと時刻) に反していないか調べる。 +\fI/etc/porttime\fR の制限に反するログインセッションは終了させられる。 +.SH ファイル +/etc/porttime \- ログインとポートの許可 +.br +/etc/utmp \- 現在のログインセッション +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/newusers.8 b/man/ja/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..630660d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996 HANATAKA Shinya +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Wed Nov 20 17:42:39 JST 1996 +.\" by HANATAKA Shinya +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH NEWUSERS 8 +.SH 名前 +newusers \- ユーザの新規作成や情報更新をバッチ処理で行う +.SH 書式 +\fBnewusers\fR [\fInew_users\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBnewusers\fR はユーザ名と平文パスワードとの組を記したファイルを読み、 +その情報をもとに既存のユーザ情報の変更や新規ユーザの作成を行う。 +このファイルの書式は、 +下記の点を除き標準的なパスワードファイル +(\fBpasswd\fR(5) 参照) と同じである。 +.IP "\fIpw_passwd\fR" 10 +このフィールドが暗号化され、新しい暗号化パスワードとなる。 +.IP "\fIpw_age\fR" +このフィールドは shadow ファイル向けの情報であるが、 +ユーザがすでに存在する場合は無視される。 +.IP "\fIpw_gid\fR" +このフィールドに既存のグループを指定した場合は、 +ユーザはそのグループに加えられる。 +存在しないグループ ID を指定した場合は、 +そのグループ ID で新たなグループが作成される。 +.IP "\fIpw_dir\fR" +このフィールドで指定したディレクトリがすでに存在するかチェックし、 +もし存在しなければ新たにディレクトリが作られる。 +このディレクトリの所有者は、 +新規作成されたユーザ、あるいは情報が変更されたユーザとなる。 +.PP +このコマンドは、同時に大量のアカウントを作成するような、 +大規模なシステム環境で用いるために作られた。 +.SH 警告 +入力ファイルには暗号化されていないパスワードが含まれるため、 +適切に保護しておかなければならない。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR passwd (1), +.BR useradd (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwck.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e59972f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" Copyright 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Sun 3 Mar 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH PWCK 8 +.SH 名前 +pwck \- パスワードファイルが正しいかどうか検査する +.SH 書式 +\fBpwck\fR [\fB\-sr\fR] [\fIpasswd\fR \fIshadow\fR] +.SH 説明 +\fBpwck\fR コマンドはシステムの認証情報が正しいかどうか検査する。 +\fI/etc/passwd\fR と \fI/etc/shadow\fR +各ファイルのすべてのエントリに対し、 +各フィールドの書式が正しいか、 +そのデータが有効なものかどうかを検証する。 +書式が正しくないエントリや、 +修正不能な誤りを含むエントリは削除するようプロンプトを出す。 +.P +各々のエントリに対して +.sp +.in +.5i +\- フィールドの数が正しいか +.br +\- ユーザ名に重複がないか +.br +\- ユーザやグループの ID が正しいか +.br +\- プライマリグループが正しいか +.br +\- ホームディレクトリが正しいか +.br +\- ログインシェルが正しいか +.in -.5i +.sp +がチェックされる。 +.P +フィールドの数が間違っていたり、 +グループ名が重複しているのは致命的なエラーである。 +フィールドの数が正しくない場合、 +ユーザーはそのエントリ行を削除するよう促される。 +削除に同意しなかった場合は、それ以降のチェックは行われない。 +重複したグループ名があった場合も削除を促されるが、 +この場合は削除しなくてもそれ以降のチェックは続行される。 +他のすべてのエラーに対しては警告がなされる。 +\fBusermod\fR コマンドを実行してそのエラーを修正すると良いだろう。 +.P +\fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイルを操作するコマンドは、 +壊れたエントリや重複したエントリを変更できない。 +そのような際に誤りのあるエントリを削除するには +\fBpwck\fR を用いるとよい。 +.SH オプション +デフォルトでは \fBpwck\fR は \fI/etc/passwd\fR ファイルと +\fI/etc/shadow\fR に対して動作する。 +\fIpasswd\fR パラメータと \fIshadow\fR パラメータを用いて、 +別のファイルを選択することもできる。 +さらに \fB\-r\fR フラグを指定すれば、 +リードオンリーモードでコマンドを実行することもできる。 +この場合、変更を行うかどうかはユーザへ問い合わされず、 +自動的に \fBno\fR と回答される。 +\fBpwck\fR は \fI/etc/passwd\fR と \fI/etc/shadow\fR +のエントリを UID でソートすることもできる。 +ソートモードで動作させるには \fB\-s\fR フラグを与える。 +この場合チェックは行われず、単にソートするだけである。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザーアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワード情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR group (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 返り値 +\fBpwck\fR コマンドは以下の値を返して終了する: +.IP 0 5 +成功 +.IP 1 5 +構文エラー +.IP 2 5 +誤ったパスワードエントリーが存在する +.IP 3 5 +パスワードファイルをオープンできない +.IP 4 5 +パスワードファイルをロックできない +.IP 5 5 +パスワードファイルを更新出来ない +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e48a926 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Yuichi SATO +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Sat Dec 1 20:09:17 JST 2001 +.\" by Yuichi SATO +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH PWCONV 8 "26 Sep 1997" +.SH 名前 +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換 +.SH 書式 +.B pwconv +.br +.B pwunconv +.br +.B grpconv +.br +.B grpunconv +.SH 説明 +これら 4 つのプログラムは、 +通常のパスワードファイル・グループファイルと、 +shadow 化されたパスワードファイル・グループファイルである +\fI/etc/passwd\fR ", " \fI/etc/group\fR ", " \fI/etc/shadow\fR ", " \fI/etc/gshadow\fR +を操作する。 + +\fBpwconv\fR は \fIpasswd\fR から \fIshadow\fR を作成する +(すでに存在する場合は \fIshadow\fR の情報も用いる)。 +\fBpwunconv\fR は \fIpasswd\fR と \fIshadow\fR から +\fIpasswd\fR を作成し、\fIshadow\fR を削除する。 +\fBgrpconv\fR は \fIgroup\fR から \fIgshadow\fR を作成する +(すでに存在する場合は \fIgshadow\fR の情報も用いる)。 +\fBgrpunconv\fR は \fIgroup\fR と \fIgshadow\fR から +\fIgroup\fR を作成し、\fIgshadow\fR を削除する。 + +各プログラムは変換前に、必要なロックを要求する。 + +.B pwconv +と +.B grpconv +とは以下の点で類似している。 +まず、shadow 化ファイルにあるエントリのうち、 +通常ファイルにないものは、削除される。 +また、shadow 化ファイルにあるエントリのうち、 +通常ファイルでパスワードが `x' になっていないものは、更新される。 +最後に、通常ファイルに書かれたパスワードは `x' に置き換えられる。 +これらのプログラムは、初めて変換を行うときにも、 +また通常のファイルを手動で編集した際に、 +shadow 化ファイルを更新するときにも利用できる。 + +\fI/etc/shadow\fR に新しいエントリを追加するとき、 +\fBpwconv\fR は \fI/etc/login.defs\fR +の +.BR PASS_MIN_DAYS ", " PASS_MAX_DAYS ", " PASS_WARN_AGE +の値を使う。 + +同じように、 +\fBpwunconv\fR と \fBgrpunconv\fR +とは以下の点で類似している。 +通常ファイルのパスワードは、 +shadow 化ファイルのもので更新される。 +通常ファイルにあるエントリは、 +shadow 化ファイルにはそのエントリがなくても、 +そのまま置かれ続ける。 +最後に、 shadow 化ファイルは削除される。 + +パスワードの有効期限情報の一部は、 +.B pwunconv +によって失われる。変換できるものは変換される。 +.SH バグ +(不正なエントリや重複したエントリといった) +エラーがパスワードファイルやグループファイルにあると、 +プログラムは永遠にループしたり、おかしな形で失敗するかもしれない。 +shadow パスワード・グループへの変換や +shadow 化ファイルからの逆変換を行う前に、 +\fBpwck\fR と \fBgrpck\fR を実行してエラーを修正すること。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login.defs (5), +.BR grpck (8), +.BR pwck (8) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4b0fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1989 - 1992, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH SULOGIN 8 +.SH 名前 +sulogin \- シングルユーザ login +.SH 書式 +\fBsulogin\fR [\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH 説明 +.B sulogin +は、シングルユーザモードの時、 +ユーザがシステムにアクセス可能となる前に、 +\fI/etc/init\fR によって起動される。 +この機能は、\fBinit\fR が適切に変更されているシステムか、 +あるいは \fI/etc/inittab\fR にシングルユーザ login +のエントリがあるシステムでのみ利用できる。 +.PP +次のようなプロンプトが出る。 +.IP "" .5i +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +.br +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +オプションのデバイス名引数が指定された場合を除き、 +標準のファイルディスクリプタを用いて入出力を行なう。 +.PP +ユーザが正しい root のパスワードを入力した場合は、 +ログインセッションが開始される。 +\fBEOF\fR が押された場合は、 +システムはマルチユーザモードに入る。 +.PP +ユーザがシングルユーザシェルを抜けた、 +あるいは (シェルに入る前に) \fBEOF\fR を押した後には、 +システムはマルチユーザモードに入るために必要な初期化処理を開始する。 +.SH 警告 +このコマンドが利用できるようにするには、 +\fBinit\fR が \fB/bin/sh\fR ではなく +\fBsulogin\fR を呼ぶようになっているか、 +または +\fIinittab\fR +中にシングルユーザログインに対する設定がされている必要がある。 +例えば、 +.br +.sp 1 +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.br +.sp 1 +という行を書いておけば、 +シングルユーザモードでは sulogin コマンドが実行される。 +.PP +可能な限り完全な環境が提供される。 +しかし、 +様々なデバイスがマウントされていなかったり初期化されていなかったりするため、 +多くのユーザコマンドが使えなかったり機能しないかもしれない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 暗号化されたパスワードと有効期限の情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR login (1), +.BR sh (1), +.BR init (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/useradd.8 b/man/ja/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40ae9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996 HANATAKA Shinya +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Wed Nov 20 17:42:39 JST 1996 +.\" by HANATAKA Shinya +.\" Updated Mon Mar 5 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.\"WORD: initial group 主グループ +.\"WORD: supplementary group 補助グループ +.\" +.TH USERADD 8 +.SH 名前 +useradd \- 新規ユーザの作成・新規ユーザのデフォルト情報の更新 +.SH 書式 +.TP 8 +\fBuseradd\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR] [\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR] +.br +[\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_time\fR] +.br +[\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR] [\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup\fR[,...]] +.br +[\fB\-m\fR [\fB\-k\fR \fIskeleton_dir\fR]] [\fB\-o\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR] +.br +[\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR] [\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR] \fIlogin\fR +.TP 8 +\fBuseradd\fR \fB\-D\fR [\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR] [\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR] +.br +[\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR] +.br +[\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR] +.SH 説明 +.SS 新規ユーザの作成 +\fB\-D\fR オプションなしで実行された場合、 +\fBuseradd\fR コマンドは +コマンドラインの値とデフォルトの設定値をもとに +新規ユーザのアカウントを作成する。 +コマンドラインオプションに応じて、 +新規ユーザのアカウントが必要なシステムファイルに追加され、 +ホームディレクトリが作成され、 +設定ファイルがコピーされる。 +\fBuseradd\fR コマンドのオプションは次の通り。 +.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR" +パスワードファイルに追加する新規ユーザのコメントフィールド。 +.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR" +新規ユーザのログインディレクトリを \fIhome_dir\fR にする。 +デフォルトでは \fIlogin\fR を +\fIdefault_home\fR に付け加えたものがログインディレクトリとなる。 +.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR" +ユーザアカウントが使用不能になる日付。 +日付は \fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR という書式で指定する。 +.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR" +パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが永久に使用不能になるまでの日数。 +0 にすると、 +パスワードの期限が切れると同時にこのアカウントは使用不能になる。 +\-1 にするとこの機能が無効になる。デフォルト値は \-1。 +.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR" +ユーザの属する主グループのグループ名または ID。 +グループ名はすでに存在していなければならない。 +グループ ID は既存のグループに対応するものでなければならない。 +デフォルトのグループ ID は 1 か、 +または \fI/etc/default/useradd\fR +で指定されているものがあればそれに従う。 +.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR" +ユーザの属する補助グループ (supplementary groups) のリスト。 +グループはコンマで区切り、間に空白を入れてはならない。 +指定できるグループには \fB\-g\fR オプションと同様の制限がある。 +デフォルトでは、ユーザは主グループのみに属する。 +.IP \fB\-m\fR +ホームディレクトリが存在しない場合には、ホームディレクトリを作成する。 +\fB\-k\fR オプションを同時に指定すると \fIskeleton_dir\fR 以下のファイルが、 +指定しないと \fI/etc/skel\fR 以下のファイルが、 +ホームディレクトリにコピーされる。 +ホームディレクトリには、 +\fIskeleton_dir\fR または \fI/etc/skel\fR +に含まれるすべてのディレクトリも作成される。 +\fB\-k\fR オプションは、 +\fB\-m\fR オプションとともに使われる場合のみ有効である。 +デフォルトでは、ホームディレクトリを作らず、ファイルのコピーもしない。 +.IP "\fB\-o\fR" +重複した (固有でない) UID でユーザを作成できるようにする。 +.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR" +\fBcrypt\fR(3) の返り値である暗号化パスワード。 +デフォルトでは、アカウントは使えない状態となる。 +.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR" +ユーザのログインシェルの名前。 +デフォルトではこのフィールドは空白となり、 +システムがデフォルトのログインシェルを選ぶ。 +.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR" +ユーザの ID 番号。 +この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。 +また非負値でなくてはならない。 +デフォルトでは、 999 および他のあらゆる既存ユーザの ID よりも大きい、 +最小の数値となる。 +0 から 999 までの値は、 +通常システム用のアカウントに予約されている。 +.SS デフォルト値の変更 +\fB\-D\fR オプションを指定すると、 +\fBuseradd\fR は現在のデフォルト値を表示するか、 +またはオプションで与えられた値に応じてデフォルト値を変更する。 +使用可能なオプションは次の通り。 +.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIdefault_home\fR" +新規ユーザのホームディレクトリのパスのプレフィックス。 +新規ユーザアカウントの作成時に \fB\-d\fI オプションが指定されないと、 +\fIdefault_home\fR の後にユーザ名を付け加えたものが +新規ディレクトリ名として使われる。 +.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIdefault_expire_date\fR" +ユーザアカウントが使用不能となる日付。 +.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIdefault_inactive\fR" +パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが使用不能となるまでの日数。 +.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIdefault_group\fR" +新規ユーザの属する主グループのグループ名またはグループ ID。 +グループ名はすでに存在するものでなければならない。 +グループ ID は既存のグループに対応するものでなければならない。 +.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIdefault_shell\fR" +新規ユーザのログインシェル。 +指定されたプログラムは、 +今後作られるすべての新規ユーザアカウントに適用される。 +.PP +オプションを指定しないと、 +\fBuseradd\fR は現在のデフォルト値を表示する。 +.SH 注意 +\fI/etc/skel\fR ディレクトリにデフォルトのユーザファイルを置くのは +システム管理者の行うべき作業である。 +.SH 警告 +NIS のグループにユーザを加えてはならない。 +これは必ず NIS サーバ上で行うこと。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報 +.br +\fI/etc/default/useradd\fR \- デフォルト情報 +.br +\fI/etc/skel/\fR \ \- ファイルの雛形が置かれるディレクトリ +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR crypt (3), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR userdel (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/userdel.8 b/man/ja/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cbb218 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Fri Jan 12 JST 2000 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Updated Fri Mar 1 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH USERDEL 8 +.SH 名前 +userdel \- ユーザのアカウントと関連ファイルを削除する +.SH 書式 +.B userdel +[\fB\-r\fR] +.I login +.SH 説明 +\fBuserdel\fR コマンドは、システムアカウントファイルを修正し、 +ユーザ \fIlogin\fR に対応するすべてのエントリを削除する。 +削除されるユーザは存在していなければならない。 +\fBuserdel\fR コマンドに適用できるオプションは以下の通り。 +.IP \fB\-r\fR +ユーザのホームディレクトリ中のファイルを削除する。 +ホームディレクトリ自体とユーザのメールスプールも消去する。 +ファイルシステム中のほかの場所にあるそのユーザのファイルは、 +手作業で探し出して削除しなければならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報 +.SH 警告 +\fBuserdel\fR は、削除されるユーザが現在ログインしている場合は、 +そのアカウントの削除を許可しない。 +削除しようとしているアカウントに属する実行中のプロセスは、 +すべて kill しなければならない。 +NIS のクライアントからは、NIS の属性値は削除できない。 +削除は NIS のサーバで行わなければならない。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR useradd (8), +.BR usermod (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/usermod.8 b/man/ja/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd2f604 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" all rights reserved. +.\" Translated Fri Feb 14 23:06:00 JST 1997 +.\" by Kazuyoshi Furutaka +.\" Updated Tue Jan 23 17:21:08 JST 2001 +.\" by Kentaro Shirakata +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.\"WORD: initial group 主グループ +.\"WORD: supplementary group 補助グループ +.\" +.TH USERMOD 8 +.SH 名前 +usermod \- ユーザアカウントを修正する +.SH 書式 +\fBusermod\fR [\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR] [\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR [\fB\-m\fR]] +.br +[\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_time\fR] +.br +[\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR] [\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup\fR [,...]] +.br +[\fB\-l\fR \fIlogin_name\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR] +.br +[\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR] [\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR [\fB\-o\fR]] [\fB\-L\fR|\fB\-U\fR] +\fIlogin\fR +.SH 説明 +\fBusermod\fR コマンドは、 +コマンドライン上での指定によって、 +システムアカウントファイルを修正する。 +\fBusermod\fR コマンドに指定できるオプションは次の通り。 +.IP "\fB\-c\fR \fIcomment\fR" +パスワードファイルのコメントフィールドに与える新しい値。 +通常は +.BR chfn (1) +ユーティリティによって変更される。 +.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR" +新しいログインディレクトリ。 +\fB\-m\fR オプションを用いると、 +現在のホームディレクトリの中身が新しいホームディレクトリに移動される +(後者が存在しない場合は新たに作成される)。 +.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR" +そのユーザアカウントが使用不能になる日付。 +日付は \fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR という書式で指定する。 +.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinactive_days\fR" +パスワードの使用期限が切れてからアカウントが永久に使用不能になるまでの日数。 +0 にすると、 +パスワードの期限が切れると同時にこのアカウントは使用不能になる。 +\-1 にするとこの機能が無効になる。デフォルト値は \-1。 +.IP "\fB\-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR" + +新たにそのユーザのログイン時初期グループとするグループ名または ID。 +グループ名は既に存在していなければならない。 +グループ番号は既存のグループを参照していなければならない。 +デフォルトのグループ番号は 1。 +.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIgroup,[...]\fR" +ユーザが属する補助グループ (supplementary groups) のリスト。 +グループはコンマで区切り、間に空白文字を入れてはならない。 +指定できるグループには \fB\-g\fR オプションと同様の制限がある。 +現在そのユーザが、 +新しいリストにないグループのメンバーになっている場合は、 +そのグループから削除される。 +.IP "\fB\-l\fR \fIlogin_name\fR" +ユーザのログイン名を \fIlogin\fR から \fIlogin_name\fR に変更する。 +他は何も変更しないので、 +おそらく新しいログイン名に合わせて +ホームディレクトリの名前を変更する必要があるだろう。 +.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR" +\fBcrypt\fR(3) の返り値である暗号化パスワード。 +.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIshell\fR" +ユーザの新しいログインシェルの名前。 +このフィールドを空白にした場合は、 +システムがデフォルトのログインシェルを選択する。 +.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIuid\fR" +ユーザの ID 番号。 +この値は、\fB\-o\fR オプションを用いる場合を除き、他と重複してはならない。 +また非負値でなくてはならない。 +0 から 999 までの値は、通常システムアカウント用に予約されている。 +ホームディレクトリ以下の、 +そのユーザ所有のすべてのファイルのユーザ ID は、 +自動的に新しい値に変更される。 +ホームディレクトリ以下にないファイルは手作業で変更しなければならない。 +.IP "\fB\-L\fR" +ユーザのパスワードをロックする。 +これは暗号化されたパスワードの前に '!' を追加し、 +実質的にパスワードを無効にする。 +このオプションを \fI\-p\fR や \fI\-U\fR と同時に用いることはできない。 +.IP "\fB\-U\fR" +ユーザのパスワードをアンロックする。 +これは暗号化されたパスワードの先頭の '!' を取り除く。 +このオプションを \fI\-p\fR や \fI\-L\fR と同時に用いることはできない。 +.SH 警告 +\fBusermod\fR +は現在ログインしているユーザの名前を変更できない。 +このコマンドを使用してユーザの ID 番号を変更する際には、 +指定したユーザのプロセスが一つも実行されていないことを +事前に確認しなければならない。 +crontab ファイルの所有者は手作業で変更しなければならない。 +at ジョブの所有者は手作業で変更しなければならない。 +NIS に関する作業は NIS サーバ上で行なわなければならない。 +.SH ファイル +\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- ユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- 安全なユーザアカウント情報 +.br +\fI/etc/group\fR \ \- グループ情報 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR chfn (1), +.BR chsh (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR crypt (3), +.BR groupadd (8), +.BR groupdel (8), +.BR groupmod (8), +.BR useradd (8), +.BR userdel (8) +.SH 著者 +Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com) diff --git a/man/ja/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ja/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/ja/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ja/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..205d121 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ja/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA +.\" all right reserved, +.\" Translated Tue Oct 30 11:55:56 JST 2001 +.\" by Maki KURODA +.\" Modified Sun 22 Sep 2002 by NAKANO Takeo +.\" +.TH VIPW 8 "26 Sep 1997" +.SH 名前 +vipw, vigr \- password, group とそれぞれの shadow ファイルを編集する +.SH 書式 +\fBvipw\fR [\fB\-s\fR] +.br +\fBvigr\fR [\fB\-s\fR] +.SH 説明 +.BR vipw " と " vigr +は、それぞれ +\fI/etc/passwd\fR " と " \fI/etc/group\fR +を編集する。 +.B \-s +フラグが指定されると、これらのファイルの shadow 化版である +\fI/etc/shadow\fR と \fI/etc/gshadow\fR +をそれぞれ編集する。 +これらのプログラムはファイルが壊れないよう適切なロックを設定する。 + +これらのプログラムは、利用するエディタとしてまず +環境変数 +.BR VISUAL , +環境変数 +.BR EDITOR , +を順に試し、最後にデフォルトのエディタである +.BR vi +を用いようとする。 +.SH 関連項目 +.BR group (5), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shadow (5) diff --git a/man/ko/Makefile.am b/man/ko/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c269f0b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/ko + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man1/su.1 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 +# newgrp.1 must be updated +# newgrp.1 + +EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) diff --git a/man/ko/Makefile.in b/man/ko/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dba217 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,658 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.1 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation +# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, +# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without +# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A +# PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +@SET_MAKE@ +VPATH = @srcdir@ +am__is_gnu_make = { \ + if test -z '$(MAKELEVEL)'; then \ + false; \ + elif test -n '$(MAKE_HOST)'; then \ + true; \ + elif test -n 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uninstall-man5 \ + uninstall-man8 + +.PRECIOUS: Makefile + + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/ko/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ko/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6d3fae --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente +.\" +.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and +.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license. +.\" there is no warranty. +.TH CHFN 1 "October 13 1994" "chfn" "Linux Reference Manual" +.SH NAME +chfn \- 사용자 finger 정보를 바꾼다. +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fBchfn\fR [\fB\-f\fR \fIfull\-name\fR] [\fB\-o\fR \fIoffice\fR] [\fB\-p\fR \fIoffice\-phone\fR] +[\ \-h\ home\-phone\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B chfn +명령은 사용자의 finger 정보를 바꾼다. 이것은 +.I /etc/passwd +파일의 정보를 바꾼다. +.B finger +명령이 사용될 때 바로 이 파일을 참조하기 때문이다. +.B finger +명령은 +.B chfn +명령에서 바뀐 실재이름, 직장, 직장전화, 집전화번호를 보여준다. +.SS COMMAND LINE +아무 옵션 없이 이 명령을 사용하면, 직접 사용자에게 각각의 바꿀 정보를 +물어보지만, 이 정보들을 명령행에서 직접 입력할 수도 있다. +.SS INTERACTIVE MODE +아무 옵션 없이 이 명령을 사용하면, 직접 사용자에게 각각의 바꿀 정보를 +물어본다. 이때 정당한 값을 지정해 주고, 원래의 값을 바꾸지 않으려면, +그냥 Enter 글쇠를 누르면 된다. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.I "\-f, \-\-full\-name" +사용자 실재 이름 +.TP +.I "\-o, \-\-office" +사용자 직장 +.TP +.I "\-p, \-\-office\-phone" +사용자 직장 전화번호 +.TP +.I "\-h, \-\-home\-phone" +사용자 집 전화 번호 +.TP +.I "\-u, \-\-help" +도움말을 보여주고 마친다. +.TP +.I "\-v, \-\-version" +버전 정보를 보여주고 마친다. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR finger (1), +.BR passwd (5) +.SH AUTHOR +Salvatore Valente diff --git a/man/ko/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ko/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fd5d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +.\" $Id$ +.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente +.\" +.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and +.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license. +.\" there is no warranty. +.TH CHSH 1 "October 13 1994" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual" +.SH NAME +chsh \- 사용자 로그인 쉘을 바꾼다. +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B chsh +[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B chsh +명령은 사용자가 사용하고 있는 로그인 쉘을 바꾸는데, 사용된다. +(이말은 exit 명령을 사용했을 때 로그아웃되는 쉘을 말한다.) +명령행에서 쉘을 지정하지 않으면, 사용자에게 물어본다. +.SS VALID SHELLS +.B chsh +명령에서는 절대 경로를 지정하는 어떠한 실행파일도 지정이 가능하다. +하지만, +.I /etc/shells +파일에서 지정되어 있지 않는 풀그림을 사용할 경우에는 경고 메시지를 보여준다. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.I "\-s, \-\-shell" +지정하는 쉘을 앞으로 사용할 로그인 쉘로 바꾼다. +.TP +.I "\-l, \-\-list\-shells" +.I /etc/shells +파일 안에 지정된 쉘을 나열하고 마친다. +.TP +.I "\-u, \-\-help" +도움말을 보여주고 마친다. +.TP +.I "\-v, \-\-version" +버전 정보를 보여주고 마친다. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR login (1), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR shells (5) +.SH AUTHOR +Salvatore Valente diff --git a/man/ko/man1/groups.1 b/man/ko/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d407d3d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.TH GROUPS 1L "GNU 쉘 유틸리티" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.SH 이름 +groups \- 사용자가 속한 그룹들을 출력한다 +.SH 개요 +.B groups +[사용자명...] +.br +.B groups +{\-\-help,\-\-version} +.SH 설명 +이 맨페이지는 GNU 버전의 +.BR groups +를 다룬다. +.B groups +는 주어진 각 +.IR username +또는 프로세스 +가 속한 추가 그룹의 이름을 출력해준다. +만약 사용자명이 주어졌다면 각 사용자명이 소속된 그룹 목록 앞에 표시된다. +.PP +그룹 목록은 `id \-Gn'의 결과와 같다. +.SS 옵션 +GNU +.B groups +가 단 한 개의 인수를 가지고 실행되면 다음 옵션들을 인식한다: +.TP +.I "\-\-help" +표준출력으로 사용법을 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다. +.TP +.I "\-\-version" +표준출력으로 버전정보를 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다. diff --git a/man/ko/man1/login.1 b/man/ko/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4533beb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License +.TH LOGIN 1 "1 February 1993" "Linux 0.99" "Linux Programmer's Manual" +.SH 이름 +login \- 시스템 접속 +.SH 사용법 +.BR "login [ " 이름 " ]" +.br +.B "login \-p" +.br +.BR "login \-h " 호스트이름 +.br +.BR "login \-f " 이름 +.SH 설명 +.B login +풀그림은 한 시스템에 접속처리를 하는 풀그림이다. +또한 현재 접속 중에서도 한 사용자에서 다른 사용자로 바꾸고자 할 때도 +사용될 수 있다. (한편, 대부분의 요즘 만들어진 쉘은 그 쉘 내부적으로 +이러한 기능을 제공하고 있기도 하다.) + +아무 옵션 없이 사용하면, +사용자 계정을 물어보는 프롬프트가 나타난다. + +이때 입력되는 계정이 root가 아니고, +.I /etc/nologin +파일이 있으면 그 파일안에 내용이 보여지고 +이 풀그림은 종료된다. 이것은 시스템 검사나 기타 사정상 일반 사용자 +접속을 하지 못하도록 할때 사용된다. + +.IR /etc/usertty +파일에서 특정 사용자의 로그인 허용과 거부가 지정되어 있을 때, +만일 그 사용자가 접속하고자 할 때는 그에 따른 접속처리를 한다. +이때, 접속거부되면 로그인은 끝나고 +.B syslog +명령이 작동되어 그 상황을 기록한다. +자세한 이야기는 아래 "특별 접근 거부" 부분에서 다룬다. + + +.IR /etc/securetty +파일에서는 root로 접속할 수 있는 터미날들이 나열되어 있다. +이때 접속 실패가 일어나면 +.B syslog +명령이 작동되어 그 상황을 기록한다. + +사용자 계정의 확인 절차가 끝나면, 비밀번호를 물어보는 프롬프트가 +나타난다. (그 사용자의 계정에서 비밀번호가 필요하면 나타난다.) +이때, 10번동안 비밀번호를 틀리게 입력하면 login은 종료된다. +그런데, 처음 세번은 바로 다시 물어보지만, 다음부터는 매우 느리게 +반복된다. (로그인 과정이) +물론 이 과정들도 +.B syslog +명령에 의해 그 상황이 기록된다. + +.I .hushlogin +파일 $HOME 경로안에 있으면, 새로 도착한 편지가 있을 때 보여주는 +메시지와 마지막 로그인한 시간을 알리는 메시지를 보여주지 않는다. +이 파일이 없고, +.I /var/log/lastlog +파일이 있으면, 그 파일에서 마지막 로그인 시간을 읽어 보여주고, +그 파일에, 현재 로그인을 기록한다. + +로그인 계정, 비밀번호 확인철자가 끝나면, +다음은 터미날의 UID, GID 설정같은 관리작업들을 무작위로 +수행한다. TERM 환경변수가 사용되고 있으면, 이 환경변수를 지정하고, +( +.B \-p +옵션이 사용되면 다른 환경변수가 지정된다) +HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, LOGNAME 환경변수들을 지정한다. +일반 사용자라면 경로를 초기값으로 아래와 같이 지정하고, +.br +.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:. +root라면 초기값으로 아래와 같이 지정한다. +.br +.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +.br +마지막으로 "조용한" 로그인이 아니라면, 그날의 메시지를 출력하고, +.I /usr/spool/mail +경로안에 그 사용자 이름으로 된 파일의 크기가 0이 아닌지 확인해서 +0이 아니면, 편지가 있다고 알려준다. + +다음 사용자 쉘을 지정하는데, +.BR /etc/passwd +파일에서 그 사용자의 쉘이 지정되어 있지 않으면, +.B /bin/sh +쉘을 사용한다. +또한, +.IR /etc/passwd +파일에서 홈 경로가 지정되어 있지 않으며, +.I / +경로로 로그인된다.(홈 경로는 위에서 설명한 +.I .hushlogin +파일이 있는지 확인할 때 검사된다.) +.SH 옵션 +.TP +.B \-p +.B login +실행할 때 이전 환경들을 그대로 사용하도록 +.BR getty (8) +명령에 의해 사용된다. +.TP +.B \-f +두번째 로그인일 경우에는 그 인증(계정확인절차)을 통과한다. +root 계정일 경우에는 작동되지 않으며, 리눅스에서는 바르게 +작동되지 않을 수도 있다. +.TP +.B \-h +리모트 호스트 로그인시(가령, telnetd(8) 사용) 계정 입력을 통과한다. +물론 utmp, wtmp 기록은 있다. 이 옵션은 단지 root만이 사용할 수 있다. + +.SH "특별 접근 거부" +.I /etc/securetty +파일에는 root가 접속 할 수 터미날이 나열되어 있다. +이 터미날 이름은 /dev/ 글자를 생략한 터미날 이름만이다. +이 파일이 없다면 root는 모든 터미날에서 접속이 가능하다. +.PP +.I /etc/usertty +파일에는 특정 사용자의 접속에 대한 특별한 설정 내용이 있다. +이 파일이 없다면, 어떠한 특정 사용자의 접속 거부같은 없다. +이 파일의 세부분으로 구성되어 있는데, 각각 그 부분들의 이름은 +CLASSES, GROUPS, USERS 이다. CLASSES 부분에서는 터미날의 클래스와 +호스트이름 패턴이 정의되고, GROUPS 부분에서는 그룹 단위의 허락되는 +터미날과 호스트가 정의되고, USERS 부분에서는 사용자 단위의 허락되는 +터미날과 호스트가 정의된다. +.PP +이 파일의 각 줄은 255 문자를 넘을 수 없으며, +# 문자로 시작하는 그 줄 전체는 주석으로 처리된다. +.PP +.SS "CLASSES 섹션" +CLASSES 섹션은 대문자로 첫칸부터 CLASSES라고 씀으로 정의된다. +이 부분은 다음 섹션이 정의되기 전까지 모든 부분이 포함된다. +각 단어의 구분은 공백문자나 탭문자로 한다. +각 줄에는 터미날과 호스트 패턴의 클래스가 정의된다. +.PP +각 줄의 처음은 관리자가 정의하는 클래스 이름이 오고, +그 다음에는 그 클래스에서 사용하는 터미날과 호스트 패턴이 온다. +이 클래스 이름은 다음에 오는 GROUPS, USERS 섹션에서 사용될 수 있다. +.PP +CLASSES 섹션 예제: +.PP +.nf +.in +.5 +CLASSES +myclass1 tty1 tty2 +myclass2 tty3 @.foo.com +.in -.5 +.fi +.PP +윗 예제는 +.I myclass1 +과 +.I myclass2 +클래스를 오른쪽 부분과 같이 정의한 것이다. +.PP +.SS "GROUPS 섹션" +GROUPS 섹션에서는 유닉스 그룹 단위의 허락되는 터미날과 호스트가 정의된다. +접속하는 사용자의 그룹이(이것은 +.I /etc/passwd +파일과 +.I /etc/group +파일에서 확인됨)이 +.I /etc/usertty +파일의 GROUPS 섹션 부분에서 정의된 그룹이라면, 그에 해당되는 +터미날과 호스트에만 접속이 가능해 진다. +.PP +GROUPS 섹션은 첫칸에 대문자로 GROUPS 이라고 씀으로 정의가 시작되고, +다음섹션의 정의가 나타나기 전까지 이 섹션으로 가정한다. +각 단어의 구분은 공백문자나 탭문자로 하며, +각 줄의 처음에는 그룹이 오고 다음에는 그 그룹에서 접근할 수 있는 +터미날과 호스트가 온다. 또한 허락되는 터미날과 호스트 부분에서 +앞 CLASSES 섹션에서 정의한 클래스 이름이 사용될 수도 있다. +.PP +GROUPS 섹션의 예제: +.PP +.nf +.in +0.5 +GROUPS +sys tty1 @.bar.edu +stud myclass1 tty4 +.in -0.5 +.fi +.PP +윗 예제는 +.I sys +그룹의 사용자는 bar.edu 도메인을 가진 호스트에서, tty1로만 +접속이 가능하다. +.I stud +그룹의 사용자는 myclass1 클래스 또는 tty4로만 접속이 가능하다. +.PP + +.SS "USERS 섹션" +USERS 섹션은 첫칸에 USERS 라고 대문자로 씀으로 정의된다. +각 단어의 구분은 공백문자와 탭문자로 하며, +첫칸에는 사용자 계정, 다음에는 그 계정 사용자가 접속 할 수 있는 +터미날과 그 사용자가 접속 시도하는 호스트가 정의된다. +물론 터미날과 호스트 정의부분에서 앞 CLASSES 섹션에서 정의한 클래스가 +사용될 수도 있다. +.PP +USERS 섹션 예제: +.PP +.nf +.in +0.5 +USERS +zacho tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0 +blue tty3 myclass2 +.in -0.5 +.fi +.PP +윗 예제는 zacho 계정 사용자는 IP 주소가 130.225.16.0 부터 130.225.16.255 +범위 안의 호스트에서 이 컴의 tty1로 접속 하고자 할 때만 접속을 할 수 있다. +blue 계정 사용자는 myclass2에서 정의된 환경과 tty3으로만 접속할 수 있다. +.PP +USERS 섹션안에서 사용자 계정 부분에 * 문자가 올 수도 있다. +이것은 초기값 지정이며, 모든 사용자에게 적용된다. +.PP +접속하고자 하는 사용자의 계정과 그룹이 USERS, GROUPS 섹션 두 부분에서 모두 +적용되면 각 섹션에서 정의된 모든 터미날/호스트가 적용된다. + +.SS Origins +터미날과 호스트 정의 부분에는 클래스, origin이라고 부르는 +일군의 문자열이 사용된다. 이 origin 문자열은 다음과 같은 형식을 취한다. +.IP o +터미날의 이름에는 /dev/ 부분이 빠진다. 즉, tty1, ttyS0 형식으로 사용된다. +.PP +.IP o +@localhost 문자열은 로칼 호스트에서 telnet/rlogin으로 접속하는 사용자를 +의미한다. 즉 `xterm \-e /bin/login' 명령같은 것이 실행된다는 것을 의미한다. +.PP +.IP o +@.some.dom 문자열은 리모트 호스트 접속시 그 사용자가 rlogin/telnet으로 +도메인이 .some.dom로 끝나는 호스트에서만 접속할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. +.PP +.IP o +IP 주소의 영역은 @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y 이런 식으로 정의하는데, +이것은 x.x.x.x 에서 y.y.y.y 범위의 IP 주소를 가진 호스트에서만 +접속이 가능하다. 예를 들어, @130.225.16.0/255.255.254.0 +으로 정의하면, IP의 범위가 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255인 +호스트에서만 접속이 가능하다. +.PP +기타 origin 에서 사용되는 문자열로 시간을 정할수 있는데, +그 형식은 다음과 같다. +.PP +.nf +timespec ::= '[' [':' ]* ']' +day ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun' +hour ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23' +hourspec ::= | '\-' +day\-or\-hour ::= | +.fi +.PP +예를 들어, [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 문자열은 +월요일부터 금요일까지, 오전 8시 00분부터 오후 5시 59분까지만 +tty3으로 접속할 수 있음을 의미한다. 시간 지정에서는 단지, +a\-b 식으로 정의되면 a시 00분 부터 b시 59분까지를 의미하며, +단지 단일 숫자만 있으면(가령 10) 그 시간만(10시 00분부터 10시 59분까지)을 +의미한다. +.PP +시간부분의 설정이 지정되지 않으면 어떠한 시간에도 접속이 가능하다. +각 요일별로 그 시간을 따로 정하고 싶으면 각 요일 정의다음에 시간을 +각각 따로 정의 할 수도 있다. +시간지정에서는 공백문자를 사용할 수 없다. +.PP +만약 +.I /etc/usertty +파일에서 각 정의들이 바르지 못하게 정의된다면, +모든 사용자의 특별 접속 거부 같은 것은 없다. +.PP +.SH "관련 파일" +.nf +\fI/var/run/utmp\fR +\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR +\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR +\fI/etc/motd\fR +\fI/etc/passwd\fR +\fI/etc/nologin\fR +\fI/etc/usertty\fR +\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR +.fi +.SH "관련 항목" +.BR init (8), +.BR getty (8), +.BR mail (1), +.BR passwd (1), +.BR passwd (5), +.BR environ (7), +.BR shutdown (8) +.SH 벌레 +리눅스에서는 다른 옛날 운영체제와 달리 한 사용자의 중복 로그인을 +제한하지 않는다. + +설명되지 않은 BSD의 +.B \-r +옵션은 지원되지 않는다. +이 옵션은 +어떠한 +.BR rlogind (8) +풀그림에서 필요할 지도 모른다. +.SH 만든이 +Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk) for HP\-UX +.br +Ported to Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk) diff --git a/man/ko/man1/su.1 b/man/ko/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e509c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +.TH SU 1 "GNU 쉘 유틸리티" "FSF" \" \-*\- nroff \-*\- +.SH 이름 +su \- 사용자와 그룹 ID 를 교체하여 쉘을 실행한다 +.SH 개요 +.B su +[\-flmp] [\-c 명령] [\-s 쉘] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast] +[\-\-preserve\-environment] [\-\-command=명령] [\-\-shell=쉘] [\-] +[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [사용자 [인수...]] +.SH 설명 +이 맨페이지는 GNU 버전의 +.BR su +를 설명한다. +.B su +는 한 사용자가 잠시 다른 사용자가 될 수 있도록 해준다. +실제 사용자 ID, 그룹 ID, USER의 보충적인 그룹으로 쉘을 실행한다. +USER가 주어지지 않으면 기본적으로 수퍼유저인 root 로 설정된다. +실행되는 쉘은 USER의 패스워드 목록에서 찾아오거나 없으면 /bin/sh 를 수행한다. +만약 USER에 패스워드가 있다면 +.B su +는 실제 사용자 ID 0 (수퍼유저)가 아닌 한 패스워드를 물어온다. +.PP +기본적으로, +.B su +는 현재 디렉토리를 변경하지 않는다. USER 의 패스워드 항목으로부터 `HOME', +`SHELL' 등의 변수를 설정하고 만약 수퍼유저가 아니라면 `USER'와 `LOGNAME'을 +USER로 설정한다. 기본적으로 이 쉘은 로그인 쉘이 아니다. +.PP +만약 한 개 이상의 인수가 주어지면 쉘에 대한 인수로 전달된다. +.PP +.B su +는 /bin/sh나 다른 쉘을 특별히 다루지는 않는다. +(argv[0]를 "\-su"로 하고 \-c 를 특정 쉘로 지정하지 않는 한... ) +.PP +syslog를 가지고 있는 시스템에서는, +.B su +가 실패하는 경우 보고를 하도록, 그리고 성공의 경우에는 선택적으로 보고하도록 +컴파일하면 +.B su +가 syslog를 사용한다. +.SS 옵션 +.TP +.I "\-c COMMAND, \-\-command=COMMAND" +대화형 쉘을 시작하지 않고 +.I \-c +옵션을 쉘에 주어서 한 개의 명령만을 수행하도록 한다. +.TP +.I "\-f, \-\-fast" +쉘에 +.I \-f +옵션을 전달한다. +.B csh +와 +.BR tcsh +에만 해당되는 것으로서, +.I \-f +옵션은 시작 화일(.cshrc)를 읽지 않도록 한다. 본쉘의 경우, +.I \-f +옵션은 화일 패턴 확장을 불능으로 설정하는 것으로서 일반적으로 그렇게 하지 +않는다. +.TP +.I "\-\-help" +표준출력으로 사용법을 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다. +.TP +.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login" +쉘을 로그인 쉘로 만든다. 그 의미는 다음과 같다. `TERM', `HOME', `SHELL' +(위에서 설명) 그리고 `USER', `LOGNAME'(위에서 설명하였듯 수퍼유저라 할 지라도 +설정된다)을 제외하고 나머지 환경 변수를 제거한다. 그리고 `PATH'를 컴파일 기본 +설정값으로 설정한다. USER의 홈 디렉토리로 이동한다. 쉘 이름에 "\-" 를 추가하여 +로그인 스크립트 화일들을 읽을 수 있게 할 수 있다. +.TP +.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment" +`HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME', `SHELL' 등의 환경변수값을 변경하지 않는다. +만약 +.B su +를 실행하는 사용자가 수퍼유저이거나 사용자의 쉘이 제한된 쉘일 때는 +\fI/etc/passwd\fR에 기재된 USER의 쉘이 아니라 `SHELL' 환경변수에 설정된 쉘을 +실행한다. +제한된 쉘이란 /etc/shells에 등록되어 있지 않거나 /etc/shells 화일이 존재하지 +않을 때 내장 컴파일된 목록에 들어있지 않는 경우를 말한다. +이 옵션의 일부는 다음 +.I \-\-login +과 +.IR \-\-shell +옵션에 의해 무시될 수 있다. +.TP +.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell" +.B su +를 실행하는 사용자가 수퍼유저가 아니거나 사용자의 쉘이 제한된 쉘일 때는 +\fI/etc/passwd\fR에 등록된 USER의 쉘을 수행하지 않고 지정한 쉘을 수행한다. +.TP +.I "\-\-version" +표준출력으로 버전정보를 출력하고 정상적으로 종료한다. diff --git a/man/ko/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ko/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52d7f0a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +.\"$Id$ +.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or +.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of +.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. +.\" +.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" +.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any +.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including +.\" intermediate and printed output. +.\" +.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +.\" GNU General Public License for more details. +.\" +.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public +.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free +.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, +.\" USA. +.\" +.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) +.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) +.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt +.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de) +.\" +.\" 한국어 번역 : ASPLINUX 2000년 7월 29일 +.\" +.TH PASSWD 5 "January 5, 1998" "" "File formats" +.SH 이름 +passwd \- 패스워드 파일 +.SH 설명 +.B Passwd +는 텍스트 파일로서, 시스템 계정의 목록을 포함하고 있고, 사용자 ID, 그룹 +ID, 홈 디렉토리, 쉘 등의 각 계정에 대한 매우 유용한 정보를 제공한다. +종종, 각 계정에 대한 암호화된 패스워드를 포함한다. +Passwd는 일반적인 읽기 권한을 가져야 하지만, 수퍼 유저에게만 쓰기 접근이 +가능하다. +.PP +예전에는 일반적인 읽기 권한으로인한 문제들이 없었다. 모든 사람들이 +암호화된 패스워드를 읽을 수 있었지만, 패스워드를 크랙하기에는 하드웨어가 +너무나 느렸고, 더우기, 기본적인 가정은 그들은 아주 친숙한 사용자 +공동체의 패스워드들이었다. + +오늘날 많은 사람들이 쉐도우 패스워드의 일부 버전을 실행한다. + .I /etc/passwd는 암호화된 패스워드 대신 *로 된 +패스워드를 지니고, 암호화된 패스워드들은 수퍼유저만이 읽을 수 있는 +.I /etc/shadow에 저장된다. +.PP +쉐도우 패스우드가 사용되는지에 상관없이, 많은 시스템 관리자들은 사용자가 +자기 자신을 패스워드를 사용하여 인증할 수 없도록 패스워드 필드내에 +별표를 사용한다. + +.PP +만일 새로운 로그인을 만들면, 우선 패스워드 필드에 별표를 놓고, 이를 +설정하기 위해 .BR passwd (1)을 사용한다. +PP +각 행마다 하나의 항목이 있고, 각 행은 다음의 형식을 지닌다. +.sp +.RS +계정:패스워드:UID:GID:GECOS:디렉토리:쉘 +.RE +.sp +각 필드에 대한 설명은 다음과 같다. +.sp +.RS +.TP 1.0in +.I 계정 +시스템에서의 사용자 이름. 대문자를 사용해서는 안된다. +.TP +.I 패스워드 +암호화된 사용자의 패스워드 혹은 별표 +.TP +.I UID +숫자로 표현되는 사용자 id +.TP +.I GID +이 사용자에 대한 주 그룹 ID, 숫자로 표현됨 +.TP +.I GECOS +이 필드는 선택적이고, 오직 정보적인 목적으로만 사용된다. 보통, 이는 +사용자의 전체 이름을 포함한다. GECOS는 일반 전자 통합 운영체제로서, +GE의 거대 시스템이 Honeywell에 판매된 GCOS,로 다시 명명되었다. Dennis +Ritchie는 말하기를, 때때로 우리는 프린터 출력 혹은 일괄 처리 작업들을 +GCOS 머신으로 전송하였다. 패스워드 파일에서 GCOS 필드는 $IDENTcard에 대한 +정보를 숨겨두는 장소이다. +.TP +.I directory +사용자의 $HOME 디렉토리 +.TP +.I shell(쉘) +로그인시 실행하는 프로그램(만일 비었다면, .BR /bin/sh을 사용한다.) +만일 존재하지 않는 실행파일로 설정되었다면, 사용자는 .BR login (1)을 통해 +로그인 할 수 없을 것이다. + +.RE +.SH 주의 +여러분이 사용자 그룹을 만들고 싶다면, GID는 이와 동일하여야 하며, +\fI/etc/group\fP내에 항목들이 있거나, 그룹이 존재하지 않아야 한다. +.PP +암호화된 패스워드가 별표로 설정된 경우, 사용자는 .BR login (1)로 로그일 할 수 없지만, +.BR rlogin (1)을 사용하여 로그인할 수 있을 수도 있다. 존재하는 프로세스들을 실행하고, +.BR rsh (1) +혹은 +.BR cron (1) +혹은 +.BR at (1) +을 초기화시키거나, 메일 필터를 시작한다. +단순히 쉘 필드를 변경시켜서 계정을 잠그는 것은 똑같은 결과를 가져오고, +.BR su (1)의 사용을 허용한다.. +.SH 파일 +.I /etc/passwd +.SH 관련 항목 +.BR passwd (1), +.BR login (1), +.BR su (1), +.BR group (5), +.BR shadow (5) diff --git a/man/ko/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ko/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/ko/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ko/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c36f908 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ko/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" from: @(#)vipw.8 6.7 (Berkeley) 3/16/91 +.\" $Id$ +.\" +.Dd March 16, 1991 +.Dt VIPW 8 +.Os BSD 4 +.Sh NAME +.Nm vipw +.Nd 패스워드 파일 편집 +.Sh 사용법 +.Nm vipw +.Sh 설명 +.Nm Vipw +명령은 /etc/passwd 파일을 잠그고(lock) 편집하고, +편집이 끝나면, /etc/passwd 파일을 잠금해제(unlock)한다. +이미 /etc/passwd 파일이 잠겨 있으면, 다음에 사용하라고 +메시지를 보여준다. +\fBvipw\fR에서 사용하는 기본 편집기는 \fBvi(1)\fR이다. +.Sh 환경변수 +\fBvipw\fR는 다음 환경 변수를 사용한다. +.Bl -tag -width EDITOR +.It Ev EDITOR +사용할 편집기 지정. 초기값은 vi +.El +.Sh 관련 항목 +.Xr passwd 1 , +.Xr vi 1 , +.Xr passwd 5 +.Sh 발자취 +.Nm +명령은 +.Bx 4.0 +에서 처음 나타났다. diff --git a/man/lastlog.8.xml b/man/lastlog.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc096c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/lastlog.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1992 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + lastlog + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + lastlog + reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user + + + + + lastlog + + options + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last + login log /var/log/lastlog file. The + login-name, port, and + last login time will be printed. The default (no + flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in + /etc/passwd. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the lastlog command are: + + + + + ,  DAYS + + + + Print only lastlog records older than DAYS. + + + + + + , + + + + Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together + with ()). + + + + + + , + + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + , + + + + Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be + used only together with ()). + + + + + + ,  DAYS + + + + Print the lastlog records more recent than + DAYS. + + + + + + ,  LOGIN|RANGE + + + + Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s). + + + The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, + or a RANGE of users. This + RANGE of users can be specified with a + min and max values (UID_MIN-UID_MAX), a + max value (-UID_MAX), or a min value + (UID_MIN-). + + + + + + + If the user has never logged in the message ** Never logged + in** will be displayed instead of the port and time. + + + + Only the entries for the current users of the system will be + displayed. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted + previously. + + + + + NOTE + + The lastlog file is a database which contains info + on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse + file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown + by "ls -l" (which can indicate a really big file if + you have in passwd users with a high UID). You can + display its real size with "ls -s". + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &LASTLOG_UID_MAX; + + + + + FILES + + + /var/log/lastlog + + Database times of previous user logins. + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run + longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there + is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear + to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799). + + + diff --git a/man/limits.5.xml b/man/limits.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1215f13 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/limits.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Luca + Berra + Creation, 1997 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + limits + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + limits + resource limits definition + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The limits file + (/etc/limits by default + or LIMITS_FILE defined config.h) describes + the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by + root and readable by root account only. + + + + By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to + impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with + UID 0). + + + Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: + + + user LIMITS_STRING + + + or in the form: + + + @group LIMITS_STRING + + + + The LIMITS_STRING is a string of a concatenated + list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier + followed by a numerical limit. + + + The valid identifiers are: + + + A: max address space (KB) + C: max core file size (KB) + D: max data size (KB) + F: maximum file size (KB) + K: file creation mask, set by + + umask2 + . + + I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to + 20..-19) + L: max number of logins for this user + M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB) + N: max number of open files + O: max real time priority + P: process priority, set by + + setpriority2 + . + + R: max resident set size (KB) + S: max stack size (KB) + T: max CPU time (MIN) + U: max number of processes + + + + For example, L2D2048N5 is a valid + LIMITS_STRING. For reading convenience, the + following entries are equivalent: + + + + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + + + + Be aware that after username the rest + of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not + allowed. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by + the login program. + + + + The default entry is denoted by username "*". If + you have multiple default entries in + your LIMITS_FILE, then the last one will be used + as the default entry. + + + + The limits specified in the form "@group" + apply to the members of the specified + group. + + + + If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for + this user will be considered. + + + + If no lines are specified for a user, the last + @group line matching a group whose the + user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with + default limits if no groups contain the user. + + + + To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash + "-" will do. + + + + To disable a limit for a user, a single dash + "-" can be used instead of the numerical + value for this limit. + + + + Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are + not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, + but for now this will have to do ;) + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/limits + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login1 + , + + setpriority2 + , + + setrlimit2 + . + + + diff --git a/man/login.1.xml b/man/login.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bca536 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1989 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + login + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + login + begin session on the system + + + + + login + -p + -h host + + username + ENV=VAR + + + login + -p + -h host + -f + username + + + login + -p + -r host + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The login program is used to establish a new session + with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to + the login: prompt on the user's + terminal. login may be special to the shell and may + not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, + login should be executed as + exec login which will cause the user + to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged + in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to + execute login from any shell but the login shell + will produce an error message. + + + + The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing + is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of + password failures are permitted before login exits + and the communications link is severed. + + + + If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be + prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to + provide your old password and the new password before continuing. + Please refer to + passwd1 + for more information. + + + + After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages + and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system + message file, /etc/motd, by creating a + zero-length file .hushlogin in your login directory. + The mail message will be one of "You have new + mail.", "You have mail.", or + "No Mail." according to the condition of your + mailbox. + + + + Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the + /etc/passwd file. The value for + $HOME, $SHELL, $PATH, + $LOGNAME, and $MAIL are set according + to the appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice + values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field. + + + + On some installations, the environmental variable + $TERM will be initialized to the terminal type on + your tty line, as specified in /etc/ttytype. + + + + An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be + executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more + information on this function. + + + + A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first + character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as + the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into. + + + + The login program is NOT responsible for removing + users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of + getty + 8 and + init + 8 to clean up apparent ownership + of a terminal session. If you use login from the + shell prompt without exec, the user you use will + continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the + "subsession". + + + + + + OPTIONS + + + + + + + + Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated. + + + Note: In that case, username is + mandatory. + + + + + + + + + Name of the remote host for this login. + + + + + + + + Preserve environment. + + + + + + + + Perform autologin protocol for rlogin. + + + + + + The , and + options are only used when login is invoked by + root. + + + + + CAVEATS + + This version of login has many compilation options, + only some of which may be in use at any particular site. + + + The location of files is subject to differences in system + configuration. + + + + The login program is NOT responsible for removing + users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of + getty8 + and + init8 + to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. + If you use login from the shell prompt without + exec, the user you use will continue to appear to + be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession". + + + + As with any program, login's appearance can be faked. + If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an + attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person + coming to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be + used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of + attack. + + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &CONSOLE; + &CONSOLE_GROUPS; + &DEFAULT_HOME; + &ENV_HZ; + &ENV_PATH; + &ENV_SUPATH; + &ENV_TZ; + &ENVIRON_FILE; + &ERASECHAR; + &FAIL_DELAY; + &FAILLOG_ENAB; + &FAKE_SHELL; + &FTMP_FILE; + &HUSHLOGIN_FILE; + &ISSUE_FILE; + &KILLCHAR; + &LASTLOG_ENAB; + &LOGIN_RETRIES; + &LOGIN_STRING; + &LOGIN_TIMEOUT; + &LOG_OK_LOGINS; + &LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB; + &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB; + &MAIL_DIR; + &MOTD_FILE; + &NOLOGINS_FILE; + &PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB; + "AS_ENAB; + &TTYGROUP; + &TTYTYPE_FILE; + &ULIMIT; + &UMASK; + &USERGROUPS_ENAB; + + + + + FILES + + + /var/run/utmp + + List of current login sessions. + + + + /var/log/wtmp + + List of previous login sessions. + + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + /etc/motd + + System message of the day file. + + + + /etc/nologin + + Prevent non-root users from logging in. + + + + /etc/ttytype + + List of terminal types. + + + + $HOME/.hushlogin + + Suppress printing of system messages. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + mail1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + sh1 + , + + su1 + , + + login.defs5 + , + + nologin5 + , + + passwd5 + , + + securetty5 + , + + getty8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/login.access.5.xml b/man/login.access.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb3e77c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.access.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Marek + Michałkiewicz + Creation, 1996 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + login.access + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + login.access + login access control table + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The login.access file specifies (user, + host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login + will be either accepted or refused. + + + + When someone logs in, the login.access + is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) + combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that + matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that + table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused. + + + + Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated + by a ":" character: + + + + permission:users:origins + + + + The first field should be a "+" (access granted) + or "-" (access denied) character. The second + field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or + ALL (always matches). The third field should be a + list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, + domain names (begin with "."), host addresses, + internet network numbers (end with "."), + ALL (always matches) or + LOCAL (matches any string that does not contain a + "." character). If you run NIS you can use + @netgroupname in host or user patterns. + + + + The EXCEPT operator makes it possible to write + very compact rules. + + + + The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the + logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly + listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value. + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login1 + . + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.5.xml b/man/login.defs.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e95da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,569 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + login.defs + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + login.defs + shadow password suite configuration + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The /etc/login.defs file defines the + site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file + is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, + but will probably result in undesirable operation. + + + + This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing + one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name + and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are + ignored. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound + sign must be the first non-white character of the line. + + + + Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and + long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A + boolean should be either the value yes or + no. An undefined boolean + parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a + no + value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, + octal values (precede the value with 0) or + hexadecimal values + (precede the value with 0x). + The maximum value of the regular and + long numeric parameters is machine-dependent. + + + The following configuration items are provided: + + + &CHFN_AUTH; + &CHFN_RESTRICT; + &CHSH_AUTH; + &CONSOLE; + &CONSOLE_GROUPS; + &CREATE_HOME; + &DEFAULT_HOME; + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + &ENV_HZ; + &ENV_PATH; + &ENV_SUPATH; + &ENV_TZ; + &ENVIRON_FILE; + &ERASECHAR; + &FAIL_DELAY; + &FAILLOG_ENAB; + &FAKE_SHELL; + &FTMP_FILE; + &GID_MAX; + &HOME_MODE; + &HUSHLOGIN_FILE; + &ISSUE_FILE; + &KILLCHAR; + &LASTLOG_ENAB; + &LASTLOG_UID_MAX; + &LOG_OK_LOGINS; + &LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB; + &LOGIN_RETRIES; + &LOGIN_STRING; + &LOGIN_TIMEOUT; + &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB; + &MAIL_DIR; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + &MOTD_FILE; + &NOLOGINS_FILE; + &OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB; + &PASS_ALWAYS_WARN; + &PASS_CHANGE_TRIES; + &PASS_MAX_DAYS; + &PASS_MIN_DAYS; + &PASS_WARN_AGE; + + , and + are only used at the + time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect + existing accounts. + + &PASS_MAX_LEN; + &PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB; + "AS_ENAB; + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + &SULOG_FILE; + &SU_NAME; + &SU_WHEEL_ONLY; + &SUB_GID_COUNT; + &SUB_UID_COUNT; + &SYS_GID_MAX; + &SYS_UID_MAX; + &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB; + &SYSLOG_SU_ENAB; + &TCB_AUTH_GROUP; + &TCB_SYMLINKS; + &TTYGROUP; + &TTYTYPE_FILE; + &UID_MAX; + &ULIMIT; + &UMASK; + &USERDEL_CMD; + &USERGROUPS_ENAB; + &USE_TCB; + + + + + CROSS REFERENCES + + The following cross references show which programs in the shadow + password suite use which parameters. + + + + + chage + + USE_TCB + + + + chfn + + + CHFN_AUTH + CHFN_RESTRICT + LOGIN_STRING + + + + + chgpasswd + + + ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB + SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS + + + + + chpasswd + + + ENCRYPT_METHOD + MD5_CRYPT_ENAB + SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS + + + + + chsh + + + CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING + + + + + + + gpasswd + + + ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB + SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS + + + + + groupadd + + + GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN + + + + + groupdel + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + groupmems + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + groupmod + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + + grpck + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + grpconv + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + grpunconv + + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + + + + + lastlog + + LASTLOG_UID_MAX + + + + login + + + CONSOLE + CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME + ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH + ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE + ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY + FAILLOG_ENAB + FAKE_SHELL + FTMP_FILE + HUSHLOGIN_FILE + ISSUE_FILE + KILLCHAR + LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX + LOGIN_RETRIES + LOGIN_STRING + LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB + MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE + MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB + QUOTAS_ENAB + TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE + ULIMIT UMASK + USERGROUPS_ENAB + + + + + + newgrp / sg + + + SYSLOG_SG_ENAB + + + + + newusers + + + ENCRYPT_METHOD + GID_MAX GID_MIN + MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB + HOME_MODE + PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE + SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS + SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN + SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN + SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN + UMASK + + + + + + passwd + + + ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB + PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN + SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS + + + + + pwck + + + PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE + TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB + + + + + pwconv + + + PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE + USE_TCB + + + + + pwunconv + + + USE_TCB + + + + + su + + + CONSOLE + CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME + ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE + ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH + ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB + MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB + SULOG_FILE SU_NAME + SU_WHEEL_ONLY + SYSLOG_SU_ENAB + USERGROUPS_ENAB + + + + + sulogin + + + ENV_HZ + ENV_TZ + + + + + useradd + + + CREATE_HOME + GID_MAX GID_MIN + HOME_MODE + LASTLOG_UID_MAX + MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE + SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN + SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN + SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN + UMASK + TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB + + + + + userdel + + + MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD + USERGROUPS_ENAB + TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB + + + + + usermod + + + LASTLOG_UID_MAX + MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB + + + + + vipw + + + USE_TCB + + + + + + + + BUGS + + Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow + password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, + /etc/login.defs is no longer used by + passwd1 + , or less used by + login1 + , and + su1 + . Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration + files instead. + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + su1 + , + + passwd5 + , + + shadow5 + , + + pam8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..941e5f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, the chfn + program will require authentication before making any changes, + unless run by the superuser. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecc21b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + + + (string) + + + This parameter specifies which values in the gecos field of the + /etc/passwd file may be changed by regular + users using the chfn program. It can be any + combination of letters f, + r, w, + h, for Full name, Room number, Work + phone, and Home phone, respectively. For backward compatibility, + yes is equivalent to + rwh and no is + equivalent to frwh. If not specified, + only the superuser can make any changes. The most restrictive + setting is better achieved by not installing chfn + SUID. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d7139f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, the chsh + program will require authentication before making any changes, + unless run by the superuser. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5f6932 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names + (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be + allowed only upon these devices. + + + If not defined, root will be allowed on any device. + + + The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f464153 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (string) + + + List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when + logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). + Default is none. + + + Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain permanent access + to these groups, even when not logged in on the console. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe40477 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new + users. + + + This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on + the command line. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb9982b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. + Default is no. + + + If set to yes, the user will login in + the root (/) directory if it is not possible to + cd to her home directory. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..325d025 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + + (string) + + + This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting + passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line). + + + It can take one of these values: + DES (default), + MD5, + SHA256, + SHA512. + + + Note: this parameter overrides the + variable. + + + Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. + The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the + PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable + consistently with the PAM configuration. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee85d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + (string) + + + If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be + read from it. Every line should be in the form name=value. + + + Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bbc255 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + + + (string) + + + If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when + a user login. The value must be preceded by + HZ=. A common value on Linux is + HZ=100. + + + The HZ environment variable is only set when the user + (the superuser) logs in with sulogin. + + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3852fa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + (string) + + + If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when + a regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths + (for example /bin:/usr/bin) and can be + preceded by PATH=. The default value is + PATH=/bin:/usr/bin. + + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbd07f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (string) + + + If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when + the superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths + (for example + /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin) and can be + preceded by PATH=. The default value is + PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin. + + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90c8bca --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + (string) + + + If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when + a user login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by + TZ= (for example + TZ=CST6CDT), or the full path to the file + containing the timezone specification (for example + /etc/tzname). + + + + If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be + read, the default is to use TZ=CST6CDT. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fad4d72 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + (number) + + + Terminal ERASE character (010 = + backspace, 0177 = DEL). + + + The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an + hexadecimal value. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a52557 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable logging and display of /var/log/faillog + login failure info. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..060ca0a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (number) + + + Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login + failure. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..967acaa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (string) + + + If set, login will execute this shell instead of + the users' shell specified in /etc/passwd. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..255569a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..639eafb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by + useradd, groupadd, or + newusers. + + + The default value for (resp. + ) is 1000 (resp. 60000). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edb0262 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the + login sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode + will be enabled if the user's name or shell are found in the file. + If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file + exists in the user's home directory. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12c22a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fea9f87 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + (number) + + + Terminal KILL character (025 = CTRL/U). + + + The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an + hexadecimal value. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c264a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba3025a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LASTLOG_UID_MAX.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + (number) + + + Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be + updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user + identity and authentication services there is no need to create + a huge sparse lastlog file for them. + + + No option present in the configuration + means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3de450d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (number) + + + Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password. + + + This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default + pam_unix module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is + a safe fallback in case you are using an authentication module that + does not enforce PAM_MAXTRIES. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3743afe --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (string) + + + The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use + "Password: ", or a translation of that string. If you set this + variable, the prompt will not be translated. + + + If the string contains %s, this will be + replaced by the user's name. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05b7cff --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (number) + + + Max time in seconds for login. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec11580 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable logging of successful logins. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bc0ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are + recorded. + + + Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user + enter her password instead of her login name. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62dece0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login. + + + You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for + mail ("mailx -e" or equivalent). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60b82d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + (string) + + + The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox + when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not + specified, a compile-time default is used. + + + + (string) + + + Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to + their home directory. + + + + + + The and variables + are used by useradd, usermod, and + userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail + spool. + + + If is set to + yes, they are also used to define the + MAIL environment variable. + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45975d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ + + + (number) + + + Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new + group entry (line) is started in /etc/group + (with the same name, same password, and same GID). + + + The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the + number of members in a group. + + + + This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in + the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS + groups are not larger than 1024 characters. + + + If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25. + + + Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the + Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really + need it. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be9426e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based + algorithm. If set to yes, new passwords + will be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the + one used by recent releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of + unlimited length and longer salt strings. Set to + no if you need to copy encrypted + passwords to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. + Default is no. + + + This variable is superseded by the + variable or by any command line option used to configure the + encryption algorithm. + + + This variable is deprecated. You should use + . + + + Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. + The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the + PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable + consistently with the PAM configuration. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b472e71 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be + displayed upon login. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fde79f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root + logins. The contents of this file should be a message indicating + why logins are inhibited. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5eb1d65 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable additional checks upon password changes. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8687488 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6f6d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (number) + + + Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too + easy). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7df51a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (number) + + + The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password + is older than this, a password change will be forced. If not + specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b9e024 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). + is 8 by default. Don't change unless + your crypt() is better. This is ignored if + set to + yes. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14f68eb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (number) + + + The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any + password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not + specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc03f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + + (number) + + + The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero + means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative + value means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will + be provided. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ba7c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable checking of time restrictions specified in + /etc/porttime. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a68b21 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable setting of resource limits from + /etc/limits and ulimit, umask, and niceness + from the user's passwd gecos field. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0755e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + When is set to + SHA256 or + SHA512, this defines the number of SHA + rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number + of rounds is not specified on the command line). + + + With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the + password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to + authenticate users. + + + If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds + (5000). + + + The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range. + + + If only one of the or + values is set, then this value + will be used. + + + If > + , the highest value will be + used. + + + Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. + The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the + PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable + consistently with the PAM configuration. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93fe742 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + (number) + + + If /etc/subuid exists, the commands + useradd and newusers (unless + the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate + unused group IDs from the range + to for each + new user. + + + The default values for , + , + are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..516417b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + (number) + + + If /etc/subuid exists, the commands + useradd and newusers (unless + the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate + unused user IDs from the range + to for each + new user. + + + The default values for , + , + are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5d07c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, all su activity is logged to this file. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a9dfdb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, the command name to display when running "su -". For + example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the + command is "-su". If not defined, then "ps" would display the name + of the shell actually being run, e.g. something like "-sh". + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b8e0bc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, the user must be listed as a + member of the first gid 0 group in /etc/group + (called root on most Linux systems) to be + able to su to uid 0 accounts. If the group + doesn't exist or is empty, no one will be able to + su to uid 0. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0705537 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable "syslog" logging of sg activity. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af94a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable "syslog" logging of su activity - in + addition to sulog file logging. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a9ed28 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by + useradd, groupadd, or + newusers. + + + The default value for (resp. + ) is 101 (resp. -1). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca6cee --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by + useradd or newusers. + + + The default value for (resp. + ) is 101 (resp. -1). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9c9f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, newly created tcb shadow files + will be group owned by the auth group. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76b34fb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, the location of the user tcb + directory to be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, + but will be computed depending on the UID of the user, according to + the following algorithm: + +if ( UID is less than 1000) { + use /etc/tcb/user +} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) { + kilos = UID / 1000 + use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user + make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory +} else { + megas = UID / 1000000 + kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000 + use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user + make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory +} + + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..474f31b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ + + + (string) + (string) + + + The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the + group, and the permissions will be set to + . + + + By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's + primary group and the permissions are set to + 0600. + + + can be either the name of a group or a + numeric group identifier. + + + If you have a write program which is "setgid" to + a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the + group number and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP + commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml b/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3e8509 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. + Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01". + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml b/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77cf41f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + (number) + (number) + + + Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by + useradd or newusers. + + + The default value for (resp. + ) is 1000 (resp. 60000). + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml b/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cf4267 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (number) + + + Default ulimit value. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml b/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f061db --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/UMASK.xml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ + + + (number) + + + The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not + specified, the mask will be initialized to 022. + + + useradd and newusers use this + mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if + is not set. + + + It is also used by login to define users' initial + umask. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS + line (if is set) or by the + specification of a limit with the K identifier + in limits + 5. + + + It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask + value. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40800b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + + + (string) + + + If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should + remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed + (passed as the first argument). + + + The return code of the script is not taken into account. + + + Here is an example script, which removes the user's + cron, at and print jobs: + +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs. +crontab -r -u $1 + +# Remove at jobs. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name "[^.]*" -type f -user $1 -delete \; + +# Remove print jobs. +lprm $1 + +# All done. +exit 0 + + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..daa8892 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits + (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is + the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name. + + + If set to yes, userdel + will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and + useradd will create by default a group with the + name of the user. + + + diff --git a/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml b/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fbe4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + (boolean) + + + If yes, the + tcb5 + password shadowing scheme will be used. + + + diff --git a/man/logoutd.8.xml b/man/logoutd.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13b1337 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/logoutd.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + logoutd + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + logoutd + enforce login time restrictions + + + + + logoutd + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + logoutd enforces the login time and port + restrictions specified in /etc/porttime. + logoutd should be started from + /etc/rc. The /var/run/utmp + file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if + the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. + Any login session which is violating the restrictions in + /etc/porttime is terminated. + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/porttime + + File containing port access. + + + + /var/run/utmp + + List of current login sessions. + + + + + diff --git a/man/man1/chage.1 b/man/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4dc105 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chage \- change user password expiry information +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user\*(Aqs account will no longer be accessible\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Show account aging information\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/chfn.1 b/man/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95d88be --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "CHFN" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chfn \- change real user name and information +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Change the user\*(Aqs full name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Change the user\*(Aqs home phone number\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Change the user\*(Aqs other GECOS information\&. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Change the user\*(Aqs room number\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Change the user\*(Aqs office phone number\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/chsh.1 b/man/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efa216f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chsh \- change login shell +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs new login shell\&. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +List of valid login shells\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/expiry.1 b/man/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1fc96b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +expiry \- check and enforce password expiration policy +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Check the password expiration of the current user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Force a password change if the current user has an expired password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c80cfb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: Rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIgroup\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Notes about group passwords" +.PP +Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password\&. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co\-operation between different users\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Set the list of administrative users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Set the list of group members\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/groups.1 b/man/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99312b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groups \- display current group names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/id.1 b/man/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6843c09 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/man1/login.1 b/man/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccfacc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LOGIN" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login \- begin session on the system +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIusername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIusername\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed\&. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function\&. +.PP +A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first character of the login shell\&. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Name of the remote host for this login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve environment\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Perform autologin protocol for rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&. +.sp +If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&. +.sp +The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&. +.sp +Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login sequence\&. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\*(Aqs name or shell are found in the file\&. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user\*(Aqs home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Max time in seconds for login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging of successful logins\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded\&. +.sp +Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her password instead of her login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&. +.sp +You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be displayed upon login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non\-root logins\&. The contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are inhibited\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter\&. Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +List of current login sessions\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +List of previous login sessions\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +System message of the day file\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +Prevent non\-root users from logging in\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +List of terminal types\&. +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +Suppress printing of system messages\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/newgidmap.1 b/man/man1/newgidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30384f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/newgidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "NEWGIDMAP" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newgidmap \- set the gid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIgid\fR \fIlowergid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIgid\fR\ \fIlowergid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +based on its command line arguments and the gids allowed in +/etc/subgid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subgid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewgidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +gid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +lowergid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewgidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, lowergid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subgid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/gid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/gid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48414af --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newgrp \- log in to a new group +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/newuidmap.1 b/man/man1/newuidmap.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75363d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/newuidmap.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newuidmap +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "NEWUIDMAP" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newuidmap \- set the uid mapping of a user namespace +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewuidmap\fR\ 'u +\fBnewuidmap\fR \fIpid\fR \fIuid\fR \fIloweruid\fR \fIcount\fR [\fIuid\fR\ \fIloweruid\fR\ \fIcount\fR\ [\ \fI\&.\&.\&.\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewuidmap\fR +sets +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +based on its command line arguments and the uids allowed in +/etc/subuid\&. Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid +/etc/subuid +entry\&. +.PP +After the pid argument, +\fBnewuidmap\fR +expects sets of 3 integers: +.PP +uid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +loweruid +.RS 4 +Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace\&. +.RE +.PP +count +.RS 4 +Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewuidmap\fR +verifies that the caller is the owner of the process indicated by +\fBpid\fR +and that for each of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, loweruid+count] is allowed to the caller according to +/etc/subuid +before setting +/proc/[pid]/uid_map\&. +.PP +Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +There currently are no options to the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +List of user\*(Aqs subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/proc/[pid]/uid_map +.RS 4 +Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/passwd.1 b/man/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aaef7e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +passwd \- change user password +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Password Changes" +.PP +The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present\&. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password\&. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password\&. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password\&. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for the password to be changed\&. +.PP +Then, the password is tested for complexity\&. As a general guideline, passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each of the following sets: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +lower case alphabetics +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +digits 0 thru 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +punctuation marks +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Hints for user passwords" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling\&. For this reason, you should not select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down\&. The password should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street address\&. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security\&. +.PP +You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Delete a user\*(Aqs password (make it empty)\&. This is a quick way to disable a password for an account\&. It will set the named account passwordless\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Immediately expire an account\*(Aqs password\&. This in effect can force a user to change their password at the user\*(Aqs next login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords)\&. The user wishes to keep their non\-expired tokens as before\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock the password of the named account\&. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a \(aa!\(aa at the beginning of the password)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Quiet mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Display account status information\&. The status information consists of 7 fields\&. The first field is the user\*(Aqs login name\&. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P)\&. The third field gives the date of the last password change\&. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password\&. These ages are expressed in days\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +Password complexity checking may vary from site to site\&. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with\&. +.PP +Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable additional checks upon password changes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/sg.1 b/man/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7d4ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +sg \- execute command as different group ID +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man1/su.1 b/man/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7639e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: User Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SU" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "User Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +su \- change user ID or become superuser +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIusername\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate\&. Invalid passwords will produce an error message\&. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first character of the login shell\&. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The shell that will be invoked\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(lq\(rq, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&. +.sp +If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&. +.sp +The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&. +.sp +Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&. +.sp +You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, all su activity is logged to this file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, the command name to display when running "su \-"\&. For example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the command is "\-su"\&. If not defined, then "ps" would display the name of the shell actually being run, e\&.g\&. something like "\-sh"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/man3/shadow.3 b/man/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9ee6f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Library Calls +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Library Calls" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +shadow, getspnam \- encrypted password file routines +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fI#include \fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIFILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The meanings of each field are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- pointer to null\-terminated user name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- pointer to null\-terminated password +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- days after which password must be changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- reserved for future use +.RE +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/faillog.5 b/man/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1264619 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +faillog \- login failure logging file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&. +.PP +The structure of the file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Failure logging file\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d657c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas François +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +gshadow \- shadowed group file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains the following colon\-separated fields: +.PP +\fBgroup name\fR +.RS 4 +It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBencrypted password\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBadministrators\fR +.RS 4 +It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&. +.sp +Administrators can change the password or the members of the group\&. +.sp +Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmembers\fR +.RS 4 +It must be a comma\-separated list of user names\&. +.sp +Members can access the group without being prompted for a password\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/limits.5 b/man/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad3f734 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LIMITS" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +limits \- resource limits definition +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +By default no quota is imposed on \*(Aqroot\*(Aq\&. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root\-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)\&. +.PP +Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: +.PP +\fIuser LIMITS_STRING\fR +.PP +or in the form: +.PP +\fI@group LIMITS_STRING\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +The valid identifiers are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A: max address space (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C: max core file size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D: max data size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F: maximum file size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I: max nice value (0\&.\&.39 which translates to 20\&.\&.\-19) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L: max number of logins for this user +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M: max locked\-in\-memory address space (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N: max number of open files +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O: max real time priority +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R: max resident set size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S: max stack size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T: max CPU time (MIN) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U: max number of processes +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN\&. They are not global, nor are they permanent\&. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;) +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/login.access.5 b/man/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81e79ba --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Michałkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login.access \- login access control table +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a ":" character: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged\-in user\&. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user\*(Aqs primary group id value\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ac322f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,854 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +login.defs \- shadow password suite configuration +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter\&. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace\&. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored\&. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non\-white character of the line\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +The following configuration items are provided: +.PP +\fBCHFN_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchfn\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This parameter specifies which values in the +\fIgecos\fR +field of the +/etc/passwd +file may be changed by regular users using the +\fBchfn\fR +program\&. It can be any combination of letters +\fIf\fR, +\fIr\fR, +\fIw\fR, +\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility, +\fIyes\fR +is equivalent to +\fIrwh\fR +and +\fIno\fR +is equivalent to +\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing +\fBchfn\fR +SUID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per line) or a ":" delimited list of device names\&. Root logins will be allowed only upon these devices\&. +.sp +If not defined, root will be allowed on any device\&. +.sp +The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) +.RS 4 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users\&. +.sp +This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if login is allowed if we can\*(Aqt cd to the home directory\&. Default is no\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_PATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example +\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by +\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is +\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it\&. Every line should be in the form name=value\&. +.sp +Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBERASECHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal ERASE character (\fI010\fR += backspace, +\fI0177\fR += DEL)\&. +.sp +The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAILLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of +/var/log/faillog +login failure info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFAKE_SHELL\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, +\fBlogin\fR +will execute this shell instead of the users\*(Aq shell specified in +/etc/passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBFTMP_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login sequence\&. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\*(Aqs name or shell are found in the file\&. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user\*(Aqs home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBISSUE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBKILLCHAR\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Terminal KILL character (\fI025\fR += CTRL/U)\&. +.sp +The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an hexadecimal value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_OK_LOGINS\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable logging of successful logins\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded\&. +.sp +Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her password instead of her login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Max time in seconds for login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login\&. +.sp +You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail ("mailx \-e" or equivalent)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMOTD_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be displayed upon login\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBNOLOGINS_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non\-root logins\&. The contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are inhibited\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable additional checks upon password changes\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_ALWAYS_WARN\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_CHANGE_TRIES\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&. +\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR +is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable checking of time restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of resource limits from +/etc/limits +and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, all su activity is logged to this file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_NAME\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, the command name to display when running "su \-"\&. For example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the command is "\-su"\&. If not defined, then "ps" would display the name of the shell actually being run, e\&.g\&. something like "\-sh"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in +/etc/group +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsu\fR +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +group, and the permissions will be set to +\fBTTYPERM\fR\&. +.sp +By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group and the permissions are set to +\fI0600\fR\&. +.sp +\fBTTYGROUP\fR +can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&. +.sp +If you have a +\fBwrite\fR +program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBTTYTYPE_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter\&. Each line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBULIMIT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Default +\fBulimit\fR +value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this command is run when removing a user\&. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc\&. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)\&. +.sp +The return code of the script is not taken into account\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "CROSS REFERENCES" +.PP +The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password suite use which parameters\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/passwd.5 b/man/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c66e932 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PASSWD" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +passwd \- the password file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +optional encrypted password +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical user ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical group ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +user name or comment field +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +user home directory +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +optional user command interpreter +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +optional encrypted password file +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/passwd\&. +.sp +Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/porttime.5 b/man/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38105cf --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +porttime \- port access time file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Each entry consists of three colon separated fields\&. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry\&. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry\&. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +File containing port access\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/shadow.5 b/man/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b4a707 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +shadow \- shadowed password file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(lq:\(rq), in the following order: +.PP +\fBlogin name\fR +.RS 4 +It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBencrypted password\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBdate of last password change\fR +.RS 4 +The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970\&. +.sp +The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&. +.sp +An empty field means that password aging features are disabled\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBminimum password age\fR +.RS 4 +The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to change her password again\&. +.sp +An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBmaximum password age\fR +.RS 4 +The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will have to change her password\&. +.sp +After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid\&. The user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in\&. +.sp +An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)\&. +.sp +If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBpassword warning period\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum password age above) during which the user should be warned\&. +.sp +An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBpassword inactivity period\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user should update her password during the next login)\&. +.sp +After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible using the current user\*(Aqs password\&. The user should contact her administrator\&. +.sp +An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBaccount expiration date\fR +.RS 4 +The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970\&. +.sp +Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&. +.sp +An empty field means that the account will never expire\&. +.sp +The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBreserved field\fR +.RS 4 +This field is reserved for future use\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/shadow\&. +.sp +Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/suauth.5 b/man/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b5ad03 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Michałkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +suauth \- detailed su control file +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of) +.PP +The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated as comment lines and ignored; +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +Action can be one only of the following currently supported options\&. +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own password\&. They are told this\&. +.RE +.PP +Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon\&. No whitespace must surround this colon\&. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further\&. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes\&. +.SH "EXAMPLE" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "BUGS" +.PP +There could be plenty lurking\&. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/subgid.5 b/man/man5/subgid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8db1f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/subgid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subgid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SUBGID" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +subgid \- the subordinate gid file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subgid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate group ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate group ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the group IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewgidmap\fR +command, to configure gid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subgid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subgid\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/man5/subuid.5 b/man/man5/subuid.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0876ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man5/subuid.5 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: subuid +.\" Author: Eric Biederman +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SUBUID" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +subuid \- the subordinate uid file +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +Each line in +/etc/subuid +contains a user name and a range of subordinate user ids that user is allowed to use\&. This is specified with three fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +login name or UID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +numerical subordinate user ID count +.RE +.PP +This file specifies the user IDs that ordinary users can use, with the +\fBnewuidmap\fR +command, to configure uid mapping in a user namespace\&. +.PP +Multiple ranges may be specified per user\&. +.PP +When large number of entries (10000\-100000 or more) are defined in +/etc/subuid, parsing performance penalty will become noticeable\&. In this case it is recommended to use UIDs instead of login names\&. Benchmarks have shown speed\-ups up to 20x\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid\- +.RS 4 +Backup file for /etc/subuid\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewgidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewuidmap\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8), +\fBuser_namespaces\fR(7)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bc9dff --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas Kłoczko +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chgpasswd \- update group passwords in batch mode +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Supplied passwords are in encrypted form\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&. +.sp +A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&. +.sp +You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users\&. +.PP +You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c15630a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +chpasswd \- update passwords in batch mode +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Supplied passwords are in encrypted form\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not encrypted\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&. +.sp +A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&. +.sp +You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/faillog.8 b/man/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b220088 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +faillog \- display faillog records or set login failure limits +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Reset the counters of login failures\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Failure logging file\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af5778f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupadd \- create a new group +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIgroup\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +This option permits to add a group with a non\-unique GID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Create a system group\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. In regular expression terms: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 16 characters long\&. +.PP +You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID not unique (when +\fB\-o\fR +not used) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name not unique +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50addae --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupdel \- delete a group +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUP\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +You may not remove the primary group of any existing user\&. You must remove the user before you remove the group\&. +.PP +You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d01d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupmems \- administer members of a user\*(Aqs primary group +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Add a user to the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Delete a user from the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +List the group membership list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Purge all users from the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "SETUP" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +secure group account information +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b76f6a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +groupmod \- modify a group definition on the system +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUP\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/grpck.8 b/man/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9094e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +grpck \- verify integrity of group files +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroup\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Checks are made to verify that each entry has: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +the correct number of fields +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a unique and valid group name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca8650 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +lastlog \- reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&. +.SH "NOTE" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Database times of previous user logins\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i\&.e\&. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171\-799)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88fbc04 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +logoutd \- enforce login time restrictions +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +File containing port access\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +List of current login sessions\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/man8/newusers.8 b/man/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df37f7b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +newusers \- update and create new users in batch +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfile\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_name\fR +.RS 4 +This is the name of the user\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_passwd\fR +.RS 4 +This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_uid\fR +.RS 4 +This field is used to define the UID of the user\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user\*(Aqs file should be fixed manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user\&. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_dir\fR +.RS 4 +This field is used to define the home directory of the user\&. +.sp +If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +This field defines the shell of the user\&. No checks are performed on this field\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Create a system account\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords\&. +.sp +The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000)\&. +.sp +A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced\&. +.sp +You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords\&. +.PP +You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +It can take one of these values: +\fIDES\fR +(default), +\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. +.sp +Note: this parameter overrides the +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variable\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to +\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to +\fIno\fR +if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is +\fIno\fR\&. +.sp +This variable is superseded by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&. +.sp +This variable is deprecated\&. You should use +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +When +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +is set to +\fISHA256\fR +or +\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&. +.sp +With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&. +.sp +If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)\&. +.sp +The values must be inside the 1000\-999,999,999 range\&. +.sp +If only one of the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +or +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +values is set, then this value will be used\&. +.sp +If +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +> +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/nologin.8 b/man/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e02954a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas François +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +nologin \- politely refuse a login +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "HISTORY" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/man8/pwck.8 b/man/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aacc2e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PWCK" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +pwck \- verify integrity of password files +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIpasswd\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Checks are made to verify that each entry has: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +the correct number of fields +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a unique and valid user name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid user and group identifier +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid primary group +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid home directory +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid login shell +.RE +.PP +shadow +checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +These checks are the following: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +passwords are specified in the shadowed file +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +shadow entries have the correct number of fields +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +shadow entries are unique in shadow +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +the last password changes are not in the future +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Report errors only\&. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won\*(Aqt be displayed\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a63a95d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Michałkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "PWCONV" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convert to and from shadow passwords and groups +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "BUGS" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37f25bc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "SYNTAX" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBENV_HZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBENV_TZ\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by +\fITZ=\fR +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. +.sp +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/useradd.8 b/man/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21426cb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "USERADD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +useradd \- create a new user or update default new user information +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is not used, +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +must exist\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the login, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. The directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +See below, the subsection "Changing the default values"\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled\&. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of \-1 disables the feature\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or number of the user\*(Aqs initial login group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. + +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating system account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no password at all\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases\&. +.sp +By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do no create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non\-unique) UID\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Create a system account\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified by the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +The SELinux user for the user\*(Aqs login\&. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user\&. +.RE +.SS "Changing the default values" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account is disabled\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be disabled\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or ID for a new user\*(Aqs initial group (when the +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is used or when the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable is set to +\fIno\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs)\&. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of a new user\*(Aqs login shell\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "NOTES" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. In regular expression terms: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users\&. +.sp +This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the +\fBUMASK\fR +is used to create the mode\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The maximum number of days a password may be used\&. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The minimum number of days allowed between password changes\&. Any password changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected\&. If not specified, \-1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by +\fBuseradd\fR +or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBUID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUMASK\fR (number) +.RS 4 +The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value\&. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022\&. +.sp +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if +\fBHOME_MODE\fR +is not set\&. +.sp +It is also used by +\fBlogin\fR +to define users\*(Aq initial umask\&. Note that this mask can be overridden by the user\*(Aqs GECOS line (if +\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR +is set) or by the specification of a limit with the +\fIK\fR +identifier in +\fBlimits\fR(5)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +Default values for account creation\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +Directory containing default files\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/userdel.8 b/man/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ada52f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +userdel \- delete a user account and related files +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Files in the user\*(Aqs home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user\*(Aqs login\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this command is run when removing a user\&. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc\&. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)\&. +.sp +The return code of the script is not taken into account\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "EXIT VALUES" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user\&. +.PP +You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client\&. This must be performed on the NIS server\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/usermod.8 b/man/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea9adce --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +usermod \- modify a user account +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The user\*(Aqs new login directory\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled\&. +.sp +A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of \-1 disables the feature\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or number of the user\*(Aqs new initial login group\&. The group must exist\&. +.sp +Any file from the user\*(Aqs home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group\&. +.sp +The group ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Move the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user\*(Aqs new login shell\&. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The new numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +The user\*(Aqs mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user\*(Aqs home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically\&. +.sp +The ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +The new SELinux user for the user\*(Aqs login\&. +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "CAVEATS" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/man8/vigr.8 b/man/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/man8/vipw.8 b/man/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8f175e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Michałkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: System Management Commands +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: English +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "System Management Commands" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAME" +vipw, vigr \- edit the password, group, shadow\-password or shadow\-group file +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPTIONS" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Edit group database\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Display help message and exit\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Edit passwd database\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Quiet mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +Edit shadow or gshadow database\&. +.RE +.SH "ENVIRONMENT" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "FILES" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information\&. +.RE +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/newgidmap.1.xml b/man/newgidmap.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fff36f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/newgidmap.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Eric + Biederman + Creation, 2013 + + + + newgidmap + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + newgidmap + set the gid mapping of a user namespace + + + + + newgidmap + + pid + + + gid + + + lowergid + + + count + + + + gid + + + lowergid + + + count + + + ... + + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The newgidmap sets /proc/[pid]/gid_map based on its + command line arguments and the gids allowed in /etc/subgid. + Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid + /etc/subgid entry. + + + + After the pid argument, newgidmap expects sets of 3 integers: + + + gid + + + Beginning of the range of GIDs inside the user namespace. + + + + + lowergid + + + Beginning of the range of GIDs outside the user namespace. + + + + + count + + + Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace). + + + + + + + + newgidmap verifies that the caller is the owner + of the process indicated by and that for each + of the above sets, each of the GIDs in the range [lowergid, + lowergid+count] is allowed to the caller according to + /etc/subgid before setting + /proc/[pid]/gid_map. + + + Note that newgidmap may be used only once for a given process. + + + + + + OPTIONS + + There currently are no options to the newgidmap command. + + + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/subgid + + List of user's subordinate group IDs. + + + + /proc/[pid]/gid_map + + Mapping of gids from one between user namespaces. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login.defs5 + , + + newusers8 + , + + subgid5 + , + + useradd8 + , + + userdel8 + , + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/newgrp.1.xml b/man/newgrp.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62f0625 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/newgrp.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + newgrp + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + newgrp + log in to a new group + + + + + newgrp - + group + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The newgrp command is used to change the current + group ID during a login session. If the optional + flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though + the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including + current working directory, remains unchanged. + + + + newgrp changes the current real group ID to the + named group, or to the default group listed in + /etc/passwd if no group name is given. + newgrp also tries to add the group to the user + groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she + does not have a password (in /etc/shadow if this + user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in + /etc/passwd otherwise) and the group does, or if + the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The + user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user + is not listed as a member. + + + + If there is an entry for this group in + /etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the + password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the + entry in /etc/group is considered. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + id1 + , + + login1 + , + + su1 + , + + sg1 + , + + gpasswd1 + , + + group5 + , + + gshadow5 + + . + + + diff --git a/man/newuidmap.1.xml b/man/newuidmap.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faa2373 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/newuidmap.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Eric + Biederman + Creation, 2013 + + + + newuidmap + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + newuidmap + set the uid mapping of a user namespace + + + + + newuidmap + + pid + + + uid + + + loweruid + + + count + + + + uid + + + loweruid + + + count + + + ... + + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The newuidmap sets /proc/[pid]/uid_map based on its + command line arguments and the uids allowed in /etc/subuid. + Note that the root user is not exempted from the requirement for a valid + /etc/subuid entry. + + + + After the pid argument, newuidmap expects sets of 3 integers: + + + uid + + + Beginning of the range of UIDs inside the user namespace. + + + + + loweruid + + + Beginning of the range of UIDs outside the user namespace. + + + + + count + + + Length of the ranges (both inside and outside the user namespace). + + + + + + + + newuidmap verifies that the caller is the owner + of the process indicated by and that for each + of the above sets, each of the UIDs in the range [loweruid, + loweruid+count] is allowed to the caller according to + /etc/subuid before setting + /proc/[pid]/uid_map. + + + Note that newuidmap may be used only once for a given process. + + + + + OPTIONS + + There currently are no options to the newuidmap command. + + + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/subuid + + List of user's subordinate user IDs. + + + + /proc/[pid]/uid_map + + Mapping of uids from one between user namespaces. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login.defs5 + , + + newusers8 + , + + subuid5 + , + + useradd8 + , + + usermod8 + , + + userdel8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/newusers.8.xml b/man/newusers.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13307cc --- /dev/null +++ b/man/newusers.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1991 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + newusers + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + newusers + update and create new users in batch + + + + + newusers + + options + + + file + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) + and uses this information to update a set + of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format + as the standard password file (see + passwd5 + ) with the exceptions explained below: + + pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell + + + + + pw_name + + + + This is the name of the user. + + + It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing + user (or a user created before by + newusers). In case of an existing user, + the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user + will be created. + + + + + + pw_passwd + + + + This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the + encrypted password. + + + + + + pw_uid + + + + This field is used to define the UID of the user. + + + If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined + automatically by newusers. + + + If this field contains a number, this number will be used as + the UID. + + + If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the + name of a user created before by + newusers), the UID of the specified user + will be used. + + + If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership + of the user's file should be fixed manually. + + + + + + pw_gid + + + + This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user. + + + If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a + group created before by newusers), the GID + of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the + user. + + + If this field is a number, this number will be used as the + primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this + GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name + of the user. + + + If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the + name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by + newusers to be used as the primary group ID + for the user and as the GID for the new group. + + + If this field contains the name of a group which does not + exist (and was not created before by + newusers), a new group will be created with + the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by + newusers to be used as the primary group ID + for the user and GID for the new group. + + + + + + pw_gecos + + + + This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user. + + + + + + pw_dir + + + + This field is used to define the home directory of the user. + + + If this field does not specify an existing directory, the + specified directory is created, with ownership set to the + user being created or updated and its primary group. + + + If the home directory of an existing user is changed, + newusers does not move or copy the content + of the old directory to the new location. This should be done + manually. + + + + + + pw_shell + + + + This field defines the shell of the user. + No checks are performed on this field. + + + + + + + newusers first tries to create or change all the + specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group + databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the + databases), no changes are committed to the databases. + + + During this first pass, users are created with a locked password + (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). + A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures + to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other + password updates. + + + + This command is intended to be used in a large system environment + where many accounts are updated at a single time. + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the newusers command are: + + + + +   + + + + Allow names that do not conform to standards. + + + + + + + , + + Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords. + + The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 + if your libc support these methods. + + + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + , + + + + Create a system account. + + + System users will be created with no aging information in + /etc/shadow, and their numeric + identifiers are chosen in the + - + range, defined in login.defs, instead of + - (and their + counterparts for the creation of groups). + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + + , + + + Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords. + + + The value 0 means that the system will choose the default + number of rounds for the crypt method (5000). + + + A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 + will be enforced. + + + You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 + crypt method. + + + By default, the number of rounds is defined by the + SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in + /etc/login.defs. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted + passwords. + + + You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect + the system's password policy. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + + + &GID_MAX; + &HOME_MODE; + &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; + + + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + + + &PASS_MAX_DAYS; + &PASS_MIN_DAYS; + &PASS_WARN_AGE; + + + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + + + &SUB_GID_COUNT; + &SUB_UID_COUNT; + &SYS_GID_MAX; + &SYS_UID_MAX; + &UID_MAX; + &UMASK; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + /etc/group + + Group account information. + + + + /etc/gshadow + + Secure group account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + /etc/pam.d/newusers + + PAM configuration for newusers. + + + + /etc/subgid + + Per user subordinate group IDs. + + + + /etc/subuid + + Per user subordinate user IDs. + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login.defs5 + , + + passwd1 + , + + + subgid5 + , + + subuid5 + , + + + useradd8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/nologin.8.xml b/man/nologin.8.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30d4f1b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/nologin.8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + nologin + 8 + System Management Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + nologin + politely refuse a login + + + + + nologin + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The nologin command displays a message that an account + is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell + field for accounts that have been disabled. + + + To disable all logins, investigate + nologin5 + . + + + If SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND is populated it will be logged. + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + login1 + , + + nologin5 + . + + + + + HISTORY + + The nologin command appeared in BSD 4.4. + + + diff --git a/man/passwd.1.xml b/man/passwd.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e8ba32 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/passwd.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1989 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + passwd + 1 + User Commands + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + passwd + change user password + + + + + passwd + + options + + + LOGIN + + + + + + DESCRIPTION + + The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. + A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while + the superuser may change the password for any account. + passwd also changes the account or associated + password validity period. + + + + Password Changes + + The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is + present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the + stored password. The user has only one chance to enter the correct + password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that + forgotten passwords may be changed. + + + + After the password has been entered, password aging information is + checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at + this time. If not, passwd refuses to change the + password and exits. + + + + The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The + second entry is compared against the first and both are required to + match in order for the password to be changed. + + + + Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, + passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more + characters from each of the following sets: + + + + + lower case alphabetics + + + digits 0 thru 9 + + + punctuation marks + + + + + Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill + characters. passwd will reject any password which + is not suitably complex. + + + + + + Hints for user passwords + + The security of a password depends upon the strength of the + encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy + UNIX System encryption method is based on the + NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see + ). The size of the key space + depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected. + + + + Compromises in password security normally result from careless + password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not + select a password which appears in a dictionary or which must be + written down. The password should also not be a proper name, your + license number, birth date, or street address. Any of these may be + used as guesses to violate system security. + + + + You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength + + + + + + OPTIONS + + The options which apply to the passwd command are: + + + + + , + + + + This option can be used only with and causes show + status for all users. + + + + + + , + + + + Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way + to disable a password for an account. It will set the named + account passwordless. + + + + + + , + + + + Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can + force a user to change their password at the user's next login. + + + + + , + + Display help message and exit. + + + + + ,  INACTIVE + + + + This option is used to disable an account after the password has + been expired for a number of days. After a user account has had + an expired password for INACTIVE + days, the user may no longer sign on to the account. + + + + + + , + + + + Indicate password change should be performed only for expired + authentication tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their + non-expired tokens as before. + + + + + + , + + + + Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a + password by changing it to a value which matches no possible + encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the + password). + + + Note that this does not disable the account. The user may + still be able to login using another authentication token + (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the account, administrators + should use usermod --expiredate 1 (this set + the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970). + + + Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their + password. + + + + + + ,  MIN_DAYS + + + + Set the minimum number of days between password changes to + MIN_DAYS. A value of zero for this field + indicates that the user may change their password at any time. + + + + + + , + + + + Quiet mode. + + + + + + ,  REPOSITORY + + + + change password in REPOSITORY repository + + + + + + ,  CHROOT_DIR + + + + Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR + directory and use the configuration files from the + CHROOT_DIR directory. + + + + + + , + + + + Display account status information. The status information + consists of 7 fields. The first field is the user's login name. + The second field indicates if the user account has a locked + password (L), + has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P). The third + field gives the date of the last password change. The next four + fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and + inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in + days. + + + + + + , + + + + Unlock the password of the named account. This option + re-enables a password by changing the password back to its + previous value (to the value before using the + option). + + + + + + ,  WARN_DAYS + + + + Set the number of days of warning before a password change is + required. The WARN_DAYS option is + the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user + will be warned that their password is about to expire. + + + + + + ,  MAX_DAYS + + + + Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After + MAX_DAYS, the password is required + to be changed. + + + Passing the number -1 as + MAX_DAYS will remove checking a + password's validity. + + + + + + + + CAVEATS + + Password complexity checking may + vary from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as + complex as he or she feels comfortable with. + + + Users may not be able to + change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not + logged into the NIS server. + + + passwd uses PAM to authenticate users and to + change their passwords. + + + + + CONFIGURATION + + The following configuration variables in + /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this + tool: + + + &ENCRYPT_METHOD; + &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB; + &OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB; + &PASS_ALWAYS_WARN; + &PASS_CHANGE_TRIES; + &PASS_MAX_LEN; + &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + Secure user account information. + + + + /etc/login.defs + + Shadow password suite configuration. + + + + /etc/pam.d/passwd + + PAM configuration for passwd. + + + + + + + EXIT VALUES + + The passwd command exits with the following values: + + + 0 + + success + + + + 1 + + permission denied + + + + 2 + + invalid combination of options + + + + 3 + + unexpected failure, nothing done + + + + 4 + + unexpected failure, passwd file missing + + + + 5 + + passwd file busy, try again + + + + 6 + + invalid argument to option + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + chpasswd8 + , + + passwd5 + , + + shadow5 + , + + + login.defs5 + , + + + usermod8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/passwd.5.xml b/man/passwd.5.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7738d09 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/passwd.5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ + + + +]> + + + + + Julianne Frances + Haugh + Creation, 1989 + + + Thomas + Kłoczko + kloczek@pld.org.pl + shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 + + + Nicolas + François + nicolas.francois@centraliens.net + shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now + + + + passwd + 5 + File Formats and Conversions + shadow-utils + &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; + + + passwd + the password file + + + + DESCRIPTION + + /etc/passwd contains one line for each + user account, with seven fields delimited by colons + (:). + These fields are: + + + + login name + + + optional encrypted password + + + numerical user ID + + + numerical group ID + + + user name or comment field + + + user home directory + + + optional user command interpreter + + + + + If the password field is a lower-case + x, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the + shadow + 5 file instead; there + must be a corresponding line in the + /etc/shadow file, or else the user account is invalid. + + + + The encrypted password field may be empty, + in which case no password is required to authenticate as the + specified login name. However, some applications which read the + /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit + any access at all if the + password field is blank. + + + + A password field which starts with an + exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The + remaining characters on the line represent the + password field before the password was + locked. + + + + Refer to crypt + 3 for details on how + this string is interpreted. + + + If the password field contains some string that is not a valid + result of crypt + 3, for instance ! or *, + the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in + (but the user may log in the system by other means). + + + The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as + finger + 1. + + + + The home directory field provides the name of the initial working + directory. The login program uses this information + to set the value of the $HOME environmental variable. + + + + The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command + language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. + The login program uses this information to set the + value of the $SHELL environmental variable. If this + field is empty, it defaults to the value /bin/sh. + + + + + FILES + + + /etc/passwd + + User account information. + + + + /etc/shadow + + optional encrypted password file + + + + /etc/passwd- + + Backup file for /etc/passwd. + + Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow + toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools. + + + + + + + + SEE ALSO + + + crypt3 + , + + getent1 + , + + getpwnam3 + , + + login1 + , + + passwd1 + , + + pwck8 + , + + pwconv8 + , + + pwunconv8 + , + + shadow5 + , + + su1 + , + + sulogin8 + . + + + diff --git a/man/pl/Makefile.am b/man/pl/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..724d25f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/pl + +# 2012.01.28 - activate manpages with more than 50% translated messages +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ 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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/pl/man1/chage.1 b/man/pl/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..135c808 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "CHAGE" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +chage \- zmiana informacji o terminie ważności has\(/la użytkownika +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Ustawia ilość dni od 1 stycznia 1970 kiedy ha\(/lo by\(/lo ostani raz zmieniane\&. Data ważności może być takze prezekazana w formacie RRRR\-MM\-DD (lub formacie używanym lokalnie)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Ustawia datę, począwszy od kt\('orej konto użytkownika nie będzie już dostępne\&. +\fIDATA_WAŻN\fR +jest liczbą dni od 1 stycznia 1970, od kt\('orej konto jest blokowane\&. Data może być też wyrażona w formacie RRRR\-MM\-DD (lub innej, powszechniej używanej w danym regionie)\&. Użytkownik, kt\('orego konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z administratorem systemu zanim będzie m\('og\(/l z niego ponownie skorzystać\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie informacji o terminach ważności konta i has\(/la\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "UWAGI" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man1/chsh.1 b/man/pl/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc33e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "CHSH" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +chsh \- zmiana pow\(/loki zg\(/loszeniowej +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIopcje\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nazwa nowej pow\(/loki (shell) użytkownika\&. Ustawienie tego pola na puste powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną pow\(/lokę logowania\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "UWAGI" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBCHSH_AUTH\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +If +\fIyes\fR, the +\fBchsh\fR +program will require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the superuser\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The string used for prompting a password\&. The default is to use "Password: ", or a translation of that string\&. If you set this variable, the prompt will not be translated\&. +.sp +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +Lista dozwolonych pow\(/lok zg\(/loszeniowych\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man1/expiry.1 b/man/pl/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8bb203b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +expiry \- sprawdzenie ważności i wymuszenie zmiany has\(/la +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIoption\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Check the password expiration of the current user\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Force a password change if the current user has an expired password\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man1/groups.1 b/man/pl/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05f7a8e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GROUPS" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +groups \- display current group names +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIuser\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named +\fIuser\fR\&. +.SH "UWAGI" +.PP +Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man1/id.1 b/man/pl/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4afbfc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "ID" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support multiple concurrent group membership\&. +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2) diff --git a/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fdb3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +newgrp \- log in to a new group +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgroup\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man1/sg.1 b/man/pl/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82c1ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia użytkownik\('ow +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "SG" "1" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia użytkownik\('ow" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +sg \- execute command as different group ID +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable "syslog" logging of +\fBsg\fR +activity\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/pl/man3/shadow.3 b/man/pl/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e27ab5c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Library Calls +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "SHADOW" "3" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Library Calls" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +shadow, getspnam \- encrypted password file routines +.SH "SK\(/LADNIA" +.PP +\fI#include \fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent()\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIFILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The meanings of each field are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- pointer to null\-terminated user name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- pointer to null\-terminated password +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- days before which password may not be changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- days after which password must be changed +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- reserved for future use +.RE +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "DIAGNOSTYKA" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted\&. +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man5/faillog.5 b/man/pl/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84aff2d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +faillog \- login failure logging file +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID\&. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure\&. +.PP +Struktura tego pliku to: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Failure logging file\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/pl/man5/porttime.5 b/man/pl/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be9aa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +porttime \- port access time file +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Each entry consists of three colon separated fields\&. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry\&. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry\&. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "PRZYK\(/LADY" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Plik zawierający ustawienia dostępu do port\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/faillog.8 b/man/pl/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed99808 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +faillog \- display faillog records or set login failure limits +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIopcje\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Reset the counters of login failures\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +Failure logging file\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..128a601 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +groupadd \- utw\('orz nową grupę +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fIgroup\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +This option permits to add a group with a non\-unique GID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. The default is to disable the password\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Create a system group\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBGID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBgroupadd\fR, or +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +The default value for +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR +(resp\&. +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&. +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&. +.RE +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +Groupnames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. In regular expression terms: [a\-z_][a\-z0\-9_\-]*[$]? +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 16 characters long\&. +.PP +You may not add a NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID not unique (when +\fB\-o\fR +not used) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name not unique +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43e9de0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +groupdel \- delete a group +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fIGRUPA\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +You may not remove the primary group of any existing user\&. You must remove the user before you remove the group\&. +.PP +You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9136efa --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +groupmems \- administer members of a user\*(Aqs primary group +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Add a user to the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Delete a user from the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +List the group membership list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Purge all users from the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.SH "SETUP" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +secure group account information +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0bfd86 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +groupmod \- modyfikuj definicję grupy systemowej +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fIGRUPA\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/grpck.8 b/man/pl/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebd5014 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "GRPCK" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +grpck \- verify integrity of group files +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [opcje] [\fIgroup\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Checks are made to verify that each entry has: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +the correct number of fields +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a unique and valid group name +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d68951a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +lastlog \- wyświetla informacje o ostanim logowaniu dla wybranego lub wszystkich użytkowanik\('ow +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIopcje\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed\&. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously\&. +.SH "UWAGI" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +Baza danych ostatnich logowań użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +Duże luki w numeracji UID powodują, że program będzie pracowa\(/l d\(/lużej, nie wyświetlając wynik\('ow (np\&. jeśli w bazie lastlog nie ma wpis\('ow dla o UID pomiedzy 170, a 800, to program będzie sprawia\(/l wrażenie zawieszonego w trakcie przetwarzania wpis\('ow dla użytkowanik\('o\(/l o UID 171\-799)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8072d5e --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +logoutd \- wymuszenie ograniczeń czasu logowania +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +Plik zawierający ustawienia dostępu do port\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +List bieżących sesji pracy\&. +.RE diff --git a/man/pl/man8/userdel.8 b/man/pl/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43f0eea --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "USERDEL" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +userdel \- plik chroniony informacji o użytkownikach +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [opcje] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Files in the user\*(Aqs home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user\*(Aqs login\&. +.RE +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string) +.RS 4 +If defined, this command is run when removing a user\&. It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc\&. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first argument)\&. +.sp +The return code of the script is not taken into account\&. +.sp +Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +#! /bin/sh + +# Check for the required argument\&. +if [ $# != 1 ]; then + echo "Usage: $0 username" + exit 1 +fi + +# Remove cron jobs\&. +crontab \-r \-u $1 + +# Remove at jobs\&. +# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, +# even if it was shared by a different username\&. +AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs +find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e; + +# Remove print jobs\&. +lprm $1 + +# All done\&. +exit 0 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +.RE +.PP +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) +.RS 4 +Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits (examples: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) for non\-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name\&. +.sp +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user\&. +.PP +You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client\&. This must be performed on the NIS server\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/usermod.8 b/man/pl/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3123a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "USERMOD" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +usermod \- zmiana danych konta użytkownika +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIopcje\fR] \fILOGIN\fR +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The user\*(Aqs new login directory\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +An empty +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +argument will disable the expiration of the account\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled\&. +.sp +A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of \-1 disables the feature\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The group name or number of the user\*(Aqs new initial login group\&. The group must exist\&. +.sp +Any file from the user\*(Aqs home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group\&. +.sp +The group ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Move the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-u\fR +option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +You should make sure the password respects the system\*(Aqs password policy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Nazwa nowej pow\(/loki (shell) użytkownika\&. Ustawienie tego pola na puste powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną pow\(/lokę logowania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The new numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +The user\*(Aqs mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user\*(Aqs home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically\&. +.sp +The ownership of files outside of the user\*(Aqs home directory must be fixed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +The new SELinux user for the user\*(Aqs login\&. +.sp +A blank +\fISEUSER\fR +will remove the SELinux user mapping for user +\fILOGIN\fR +(if any)\&. +.RE +.SH "OSTRZEŻENIA" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server\&. +.SH "CONFIGURATION" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.PP +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&. +.sp +No +\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR +option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string) +.RS 4 +The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string) +.RS 4 +Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and +\fBuserdel\fR +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. +.PP +If +\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the +\fBMAIL\fR +environment variable\&. +.PP +\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number) +.RS 4 +Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in +/etc/group +(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&. +.sp +The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group\&. +.sp +This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file\&. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters\&. +.sp +If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25\&. +.sp +Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite)\&. You should not use this variable unless you really need it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +unused group IDs from the range +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number) +.RS 4 +If +/etc/subuid +exists, the commands +\fBuseradd\fR +and +\fBnewusers\fR +(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +unused user IDs from the range +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR +to +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR +for each new user\&. +.sp +The default values for +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Konfiguracja pakietu shadow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/pl/man8/vigr.8 b/man/pl/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/pl/man8/vipw.8 b/man/pl/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..198c1e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/pl/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 +.\" Date: 01/23/2020 +.\" Manual: Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1 +.\" Language: Polish +.\" +.TH "VIPW" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "NAZWA" +vipw, vigr \- edytuj plik hase\(/l, grup lub ich wersji chronionych +.SH "STRESZCZENIE" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIopcje\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIopcje\fR] +.SH "OPIS" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "OPCJE" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Edycja bazy grup\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie dzia\(/lania\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Edycja bazy passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Cichy tryb pracy\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +Edycja bazy shadow lub gshadow\&. +.RE +.SH "ENVIRONMENT" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "PLIKI" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Informacje o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o grupach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Informacje chronione o użytkownikach\&. +.RE +.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/po/LINGUAS b/man/po/LINGUAS new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bf026a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/po/LINGUAS @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# LINGUAS + +LINGUAS = da de fr it pl ru sv zh_CN + +# These variables are generated based on the LINGUAS list +POFILES = $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/%.po,$(LINGUAS)) +UPDATEPOFILES = $(patsubst %,%.po-update,$(LINGUAS)) +DUMMYPOFILES = $(patsubst %,%.nop,$(LINGUAS)) diff --git a/man/po/Makefile.in b/man/po/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..deaa870 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/po/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +# Makefile for PO directory in any package using GNU gettext. +# Copyright (C) 1995-1997, 2000-2006 by Ulrich Drepper +# +# This file can be copied and used freely without restrictions. It can +# be used in projects which are not available under the GNU General Public +# License but which still want to provide support for the GNU gettext +# functionality. +# Please note that the actual code of GNU gettext is covered by the GNU +# General Public License and is *not* in the public domain. +# +# Origin: gettext-0.16 +# Modified to handle translations with xml2po by Nicolas François - 2007 + +PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@ +VERSION = @VERSION@ +PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@ + +SHELL = /bin/sh +@SET_MAKE@ + +srcdir = @srcdir@ +top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@ +VPATH = @srcdir@ + +MSGFMT_ = @MSGFMT@ +MSGFMT_no = @MSGFMT@ +MSGFMT_yes = @MSGFMT_015@ +MSGFMT = $(MSGFMT_$(USE_MSGCTXT)) +XGETTEXT_ = @XGETTEXT@ +XGETTEXT_no = @XGETTEXT@ +XGETTEXT_yes = @XGETTEXT_015@ +XGETTEXT = $(XGETTEXT_$(USE_MSGCTXT)) +MSGMERGE = @MSGMERGE@ --previous +MSGMERGE_UPDATE = @MSGMERGE@ --update --previous +MSGINIT = msginit +MSGCONV = msgconv +MSGFILTER = msgfilter + +include $(srcdir)/LINGUAS +DISTFILES = $(srcdir)/Makevars $(srcdir)/XMLFILES $(srcdir)/LINGUAS $(POFILES) + +include $(srcdir)/XMLFILES + +include $(srcdir)/Makevars + +.SUFFIXES: +.SUFFIXES: .po .sed .sin .nop .po-create .po-update + +remove-potcdate.sin: $(top_srcdir)/po/remove-potcdate.sin + cp $? $@ + +.sin.sed: + sed -e '/^#/d' $< > t-$@ + mv t-$@ $@ + +all: all-yes + +all-yes: stamp-po +all-no: + +# $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is only created when needed. When xgettext finds no +# internationalized messages, no $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot is created (because +# we don't want to bother translators with empty POT files). We assume that +# LINGUAS is empty in this case, i.e. $(POFILES) and $(GMOFILES) are empty. +# In this case, stamp-po is a nop (i.e. a phony target). + +# stamp-po is a timestamp denoting the last time at which the CATALOGS have +# been loosely updated. Its purpose is that when a developer or translator +# checks out the package via CVS, and the $(DOMAIN).pot file is not in CVS, +# "make" will update the $(DOMAIN).pot and the $(CATALOGS), but subsequent +# invocations of "make" will do nothing. This timestamp would not be necessary +# if updating the $(CATALOGS) would always touch them; however, the rule for +# $(POFILES) has been designed to not touch files that don't need to be +# changed. +stamp-po: $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot + @test ! -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot || { \ + echo "touch stamp-po" && \ + echo timestamp > stamp-poT && \ + mv stamp-poT stamp-po; \ + } + +# Note: Target 'all' must not depend on target '$(DOMAIN).pot-update', +# otherwise packages like GCC can not be built if only parts of the source +# have been downloaded. + +# This target rebuilds $(DOMAIN).pot; it is an expensive operation. +# Note that $(DOMAIN).pot is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed. +# TODO: set MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS, COPYRIGHT_HOLDER +$(DOMAIN).pot-update: $(XMLFILES) $(srcdir)/XMLFILES remove-potcdate.sed + @set -e; tmpdir=`pwd`; \ + echo "cd $(top_srcdir)/man"; \ + cd $(top_srcdir)/man; \ + echo "xml2po --expand-all-entities -o $$tmpdir/$(DOMAIN).po $(notdir $(XMLFILES))"; \ + xml2po --expand-all-entities -o $$tmpdir/$(DOMAIN).po $(notdir $(XMLFILES)); \ + cd $$tmpdir + test ! -f $(DOMAIN).po || { \ + if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \ + sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot > $(DOMAIN).1po && \ + sed -f remove-potcdate.sed < $(DOMAIN).po > $(DOMAIN).2po && \ + if cmp $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ + rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(DOMAIN).po; \ + else \ + rm -f $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot && \ + mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \ + fi; \ + else \ + mv $(DOMAIN).po $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; \ + fi; \ + } + +# This rule has no dependencies: we don't need to update $(DOMAIN).pot at +# every "make" invocation, only create it when it is missing. +# Only "make $(DOMAIN).pot-update" or "make dist" will force an update. +$(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot: + $(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update + +# This target rebuilds a PO file if $(DOMAIN).pot has changed. +# Note that a PO file is not touched if it doesn't need to be changed. +$(POFILES): $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot + @lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's,.*/,,' -e 's/\.po$$//'`; \ + if test -f "$(srcdir)/$${lang}.po"; then \ + test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \ + echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot"; \ + cd $(srcdir) && $(MSGMERGE_UPDATE) $${lang}.po $(DOMAIN).pot; \ + else \ + $(MAKE) $${lang}.po-create; \ + fi + + +install: install-exec install-data +install-exec: +install-data: + +install-strip: install + +installdirs: installdirs-exec installdirs-data +installdirs-exec: +installdirs-data: + +# Define this as empty until I found a useful application. +installcheck: + +uninstall: uninstall-exec uninstall-data +uninstall-exec: +uninstall-data: + +check: all + +info dvi ps pdf html tags TAGS ctags CTAGS ID: + +mostlyclean: + rm -f remove-potcdate.sed remove-potcdate.sin + rm -f stamp-poT + rm -f core core.* $(DOMAIN).po $(DOMAIN).1po $(DOMAIN).2po *.new.po + +clean: mostlyclean + +distclean: clean + rm -f Makefile + +maintainer-clean: distclean + @echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use;" + @echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild." + rm -f stamp-po + +distdir = $(top_builddir)/$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)/$(subdir) +dist distdir: + $(MAKE) update-po + @$(MAKE) dist2 +# This is a separate target because 'update-po' must be executed before. +dist2: stamp-po $(DISTFILES) + dists="$(DISTFILES)"; \ + if test -f $(srcdir)/$(DOMAIN).pot; then \ + dists="$$dists $(DOMAIN).pot stamp-po"; \ + fi; \ + if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog; then \ + dists="$$dists ChangeLog"; \ + fi; \ + for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do \ + if test -f $(srcdir)/ChangeLog.$$i; then \ + dists="$$dists ChangeLog.$$i"; \ + fi; \ + done; \ + for file in $$dists; do \ + if test -f $$file; then \ + cp -p $$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \ + else \ + cp -p $(srcdir)/$$file $(distdir) || exit 1; \ + fi; \ + done + +update-po: Makefile + $(MAKE) $(DOMAIN).pot-update + test -z "$(UPDATEPOFILES)" || $(MAKE) $(UPDATEPOFILES) + +# General rule for creating PO files. + +.nop.po-create: + @lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-create$$//'`; \ + echo "File $$lang.po does not exist. If you are a translator, you can create it through 'msginit'." 1>&2; \ + exit 1 + +# General rule for updating PO files. + +.nop.po-update: + @lang=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.po-update$$//'`; \ + tmpdir=`pwd`; \ + echo "$$lang:"; \ + test "$(srcdir)" = . && cdcmd="" || cdcmd="cd $(srcdir) && "; \ + echo "$${cdcmd}$(MSGMERGE) $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot -o $$lang.new.po"; \ + cd $(srcdir); \ + if $(MSGMERGE) $$lang.po $(DOMAIN).pot -o $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; then \ + if cmp $$lang.po $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po >/dev/null 2>&1; then \ + rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \ + else \ + if mv -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po $$lang.po; then \ + :; \ + else \ + echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed: cannot move $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po to $$lang.po" 1>&2; \ + exit 1; \ + fi; \ + fi; \ + else \ + echo "msgmerge for $$lang.po failed!" 1>&2; \ + rm -f $$tmpdir/$$lang.new.po; \ + fi + +$(DUMMYPOFILES): + +.PRECIOUS: Makefile +Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status + @case '$?' in \ + *config.status*) \ + cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh;; \ + *) \ + echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__depfiles_maybe)'; \ + cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $(subdir)/$@ $(am__depfiles_maybe);; \ + esac; + +$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES) + cd $(top_builddir) && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) am--refresh + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make not to export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/po/Makevars b/man/po/Makevars new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c78c646 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/po/Makevars @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Makefile variables for PO directory in any package using GNU gettext. + +# Usually the message domain is the same as the package name. +DOMAIN = $(PACKAGE)-man-pages + +# These two variables depend on the location of this directory. +subdir = man/po +top_builddir = ../.. + +# These options get passed to xgettext. +XGETTEXT_OPTIONS = --keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --no-location + +# This is the copyright holder that gets inserted into the header of the +# $(DOMAIN).pot file. Set this to the copyright holder of the surrounding +# package. (Note that the msgstr strings, extracted from the package's +# sources, belong to the copyright holder of the package.) Translators are +# expected to transfer the copyright for their translations to this person +# or entity, or to disclaim their copyright. The empty string stands for +# the public domain; in this case the translators are expected to disclaim +# their copyright. +COPYRIGHT_HOLDER = Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This is the list of locale categories, beyond LC_MESSAGES, for which the +# message catalogs shall be used. It is usually empty. +EXTRA_LOCALE_CATEGORIES = + +MSGID_BUGS_ADDRESS = pkg-shadow-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org diff --git a/man/po/XMLFILES b/man/po/XMLFILES new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de7925d --- /dev/null +++ b/man/po/XMLFILES @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# List of xml which contain translatable strings. +XMLFILES = \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/chage.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/chfn.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/chgpasswd.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/chpasswd.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/chsh.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/expiry.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/faillog.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/faillog.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/gpasswd.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/groupadd.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/groupdel.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/groupmems.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/groupmod.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/groups.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/grpck.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/gshadow.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/lastlog.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/limits.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/login.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/login.access.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/login.defs.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/logoutd.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/newgrp.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/newusers.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/nologin.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/passwd.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/passwd.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/porttime.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/pwck.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/pwconv.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/shadow.3.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/shadow.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/sg.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/su.1.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/suauth.5.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/useradd.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/userdel.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/usermod.8.xml \ + $(top_srcdir)/man/vipw.8.xml + diff --git a/man/po/da.po b/man/po/da.po new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bb6aed --- /dev/null +++ b/man/po/da.po @@ -0,0 +1,8304 @@ +# Danish translation shadow-man. +# Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +# This file is distributed under the same license as the shadow package. +# Joe Hansen (joedalton2@yahoo.dk), 2012. +# +# konventioner: +# audit -> overvågning +# entry, entries -> punkt, punkter +# exist -> findes +# Home Phone -> telefon (telefonnr. hvor det er mere præcist) +# locktime -> låsetid +# mapping -> oversættelse eller kortlægning? +# quiet -> tavs +# record -> post +# scratch -> scratch +# shadow -> skygge +# stat -> køre stat +# unlock -> åbne +# +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: shadow-man\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-01-23 15:00-0600\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-08-23 01:35+0200\n" +"Last-Translator: Joe Hansen \n" +"Language-Team: Danish \n" +"Language: \n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" + +#: vipw.8.xml:41(firstname) suauth.5.xml:39(firstname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:45(firstname) login.access.5.xml:40(firstname) +msgid "Marek" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:42(surname) suauth.5.xml:40(surname) pwconv.8.xml:46(surname) +#: login.access.5.xml:41(surname) +msgid "Michałkiewicz" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:43(contrib) limits.5.xml:43(contrib) +msgid "Creation, 1997" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:46(firstname) usermod.8.xml:51(firstname) +#: userdel.8.xml:50(firstname) useradd.8.xml:63(firstname) +#: suauth.5.xml:44(firstname) su.1.xml:61(firstname) sg.1.xml:45(firstname) +#: shadow.5.xml:44(firstname) shadow.3.xml:44(firstname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:50(firstname) pwck.8.xml:50(firstname) +#: porttime.5.xml:44(firstname) passwd.5.xml:44(firstname) +#: passwd.1.xml:51(firstname) newusers.8.xml:60(firstname) +#: newgrp.1.xml:45(firstname) logoutd.8.xml:44(firstname) +#: login.defs.5.xml:111(firstname) login.access.5.xml:45(firstname) +#: login.1.xml:77(firstname) limits.5.xml:46(firstname) +#: lastlog.8.xml:46(firstname) grpck.8.xml:45(firstname) +#: groups.1.xml:44(firstname) groupmod.8.xml:45(firstname) +#: groupmems.8.xml:48(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:45(firstname) +#: groupadd.8.xml:47(firstname) gpasswd.1.xml:49(firstname) +#: faillog.8.xml:44(firstname) faillog.5.xml:44(firstname) +#: expiry.1.xml:48(firstname) chsh.1.xml:47(firstname) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:48(firstname) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(firstname) +#: chfn.1.xml:47(firstname) chage.1.xml:45(firstname) +msgid "Thomas" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:47(surname) usermod.8.xml:52(surname) userdel.8.xml:51(surname) +#: useradd.8.xml:64(surname) suauth.5.xml:45(surname) su.1.xml:62(surname) +#: sg.1.xml:46(surname) shadow.5.xml:45(surname) shadow.3.xml:45(surname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:51(surname) pwck.8.xml:51(surname) porttime.5.xml:45(surname) +#: passwd.5.xml:45(surname) passwd.1.xml:52(surname) newusers.8.xml:61(surname) +#: newgrp.1.xml:46(surname) logoutd.8.xml:45(surname) +#: login.defs.5.xml:112(surname) login.access.5.xml:46(surname) +#: login.1.xml:78(surname) limits.5.xml:47(surname) lastlog.8.xml:47(surname) +#: grpck.8.xml:46(surname) groups.1.xml:45(surname) groupmod.8.xml:46(surname) +#: groupmems.8.xml:49(surname) groupdel.8.xml:46(surname) +#: groupadd.8.xml:48(surname) gpasswd.1.xml:50(surname) +#: faillog.8.xml:45(surname) faillog.5.xml:45(surname) expiry.1.xml:49(surname) +#: chsh.1.xml:48(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:49(surname) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:45(surname) chfn.1.xml:48(surname) chage.1.xml:46(surname) +msgid "Kłoczko" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:48(email) usermod.8.xml:53(email) userdel.8.xml:52(email) +#: useradd.8.xml:65(email) suauth.5.xml:46(email) su.1.xml:63(email) +#: sg.1.xml:47(email) shadow.5.xml:46(email) shadow.3.xml:46(email) +#: pwconv.8.xml:52(email) pwck.8.xml:52(email) porttime.5.xml:46(email) +#: passwd.5.xml:46(email) passwd.1.xml:53(email) newusers.8.xml:62(email) +#: newgrp.1.xml:47(email) logoutd.8.xml:46(email) login.defs.5.xml:113(email) +#: login.access.5.xml:47(email) login.1.xml:79(email) limits.5.xml:48(email) +#: lastlog.8.xml:48(email) grpck.8.xml:47(email) groups.1.xml:46(email) +#: groupmod.8.xml:47(email) groupmems.8.xml:50(email) groupdel.8.xml:47(email) +#: groupadd.8.xml:49(email) gpasswd.1.xml:51(email) faillog.8.xml:46(email) +#: faillog.5.xml:46(email) expiry.1.xml:50(email) chsh.1.xml:49(email) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:50(email) chgpasswd.8.xml:46(email) chfn.1.xml:49(email) +#: chage.1.xml:47(email) +msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:49(contrib) usermod.8.xml:54(contrib) userdel.8.xml:53(contrib) +#: useradd.8.xml:66(contrib) suauth.5.xml:47(contrib) su.1.xml:64(contrib) +#: sg.1.xml:48(contrib) shadow.5.xml:47(contrib) shadow.3.xml:47(contrib) +#: pwconv.8.xml:53(contrib) pwck.8.xml:53(contrib) porttime.5.xml:47(contrib) +#: passwd.5.xml:47(contrib) passwd.1.xml:54(contrib) newusers.8.xml:63(contrib) +#: newgrp.1.xml:48(contrib) logoutd.8.xml:47(contrib) +#: login.defs.5.xml:114(contrib) login.access.5.xml:48(contrib) +#: login.1.xml:80(contrib) limits.5.xml:49(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:49(contrib) +#: grpck.8.xml:48(contrib) groups.1.xml:47(contrib) groupmod.8.xml:48(contrib) +#: groupmems.8.xml:51(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:48(contrib) +#: groupadd.8.xml:50(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:52(contrib) +#: faillog.8.xml:47(contrib) faillog.5.xml:47(contrib) expiry.1.xml:51(contrib) +#: chsh.1.xml:50(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:51(contrib) chfn.1.xml:50(contrib) +#: chage.1.xml:48(contrib) +msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:52(firstname) usermod.8.xml:57(firstname) +#: userdel.8.xml:56(firstname) useradd.8.xml:69(firstname) +#: suauth.5.xml:50(firstname) su.1.xml:67(firstname) sg.1.xml:51(firstname) +#: shadow.5.xml:50(firstname) shadow.3.xml:50(firstname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:56(firstname) pwck.8.xml:56(firstname) +#: porttime.5.xml:50(firstname) passwd.5.xml:50(firstname) +#: passwd.1.xml:57(firstname) nologin.8.xml:39(firstname) +#: newusers.8.xml:66(firstname) newgrp.1.xml:51(firstname) +#: logoutd.8.xml:50(firstname) login.defs.5.xml:117(firstname) +#: login.access.5.xml:51(firstname) login.1.xml:83(firstname) +#: limits.5.xml:52(firstname) lastlog.8.xml:52(firstname) +#: gshadow.5.xml:38(firstname) grpck.8.xml:51(firstname) +#: groups.1.xml:50(firstname) groupmod.8.xml:51(firstname) +#: groupmems.8.xml:54(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:51(firstname) +#: groupadd.8.xml:53(firstname) gpasswd.1.xml:55(firstname) +#: faillog.8.xml:50(firstname) faillog.5.xml:50(firstname) +#: expiry.1.xml:54(firstname) chsh.1.xml:53(firstname) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:54(firstname) chgpasswd.8.xml:50(firstname) +#: chfn.1.xml:53(firstname) chage.1.xml:51(firstname) +msgid "Nicolas" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:53(surname) usermod.8.xml:58(surname) userdel.8.xml:57(surname) +#: useradd.8.xml:70(surname) suauth.5.xml:51(surname) su.1.xml:68(surname) +#: sg.1.xml:52(surname) shadow.5.xml:51(surname) shadow.3.xml:51(surname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:57(surname) pwck.8.xml:57(surname) porttime.5.xml:51(surname) +#: passwd.5.xml:51(surname) passwd.1.xml:58(surname) nologin.8.xml:40(surname) +#: newusers.8.xml:67(surname) newgrp.1.xml:52(surname) +#: logoutd.8.xml:51(surname) login.defs.5.xml:118(surname) +#: login.access.5.xml:52(surname) login.1.xml:84(surname) +#: limits.5.xml:53(surname) lastlog.8.xml:53(surname) gshadow.5.xml:39(surname) +#: grpck.8.xml:52(surname) groups.1.xml:51(surname) groupmod.8.xml:52(surname) +#: groupmems.8.xml:55(surname) groupdel.8.xml:52(surname) +#: groupadd.8.xml:54(surname) gpasswd.1.xml:56(surname) +#: faillog.8.xml:51(surname) faillog.5.xml:51(surname) expiry.1.xml:55(surname) +#: chsh.1.xml:54(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:55(surname) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:51(surname) chfn.1.xml:54(surname) chage.1.xml:52(surname) +msgid "François" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:54(email) usermod.8.xml:59(email) userdel.8.xml:58(email) +#: useradd.8.xml:71(email) suauth.5.xml:52(email) su.1.xml:69(email) +#: sg.1.xml:53(email) shadow.5.xml:52(email) shadow.3.xml:52(email) +#: pwconv.8.xml:58(email) pwck.8.xml:58(email) porttime.5.xml:52(email) +#: passwd.5.xml:52(email) passwd.1.xml:59(email) nologin.8.xml:41(email) +#: newusers.8.xml:68(email) newgrp.1.xml:53(email) logoutd.8.xml:52(email) +#: login.defs.5.xml:119(email) login.access.5.xml:53(email) +#: login.1.xml:85(email) limits.5.xml:54(email) lastlog.8.xml:54(email) +#: gshadow.5.xml:40(email) grpck.8.xml:53(email) groups.1.xml:52(email) +#: groupmod.8.xml:53(email) groupmems.8.xml:56(email) groupdel.8.xml:53(email) +#: groupadd.8.xml:55(email) gpasswd.1.xml:57(email) faillog.8.xml:52(email) +#: faillog.5.xml:52(email) expiry.1.xml:56(email) chsh.1.xml:55(email) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:56(email) chgpasswd.8.xml:52(email) chfn.1.xml:55(email) +#: chage.1.xml:53(email) +msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:55(contrib) usermod.8.xml:60(contrib) userdel.8.xml:59(contrib) +#: useradd.8.xml:72(contrib) suauth.5.xml:53(contrib) su.1.xml:70(contrib) +#: sg.1.xml:54(contrib) shadow.5.xml:53(contrib) shadow.3.xml:53(contrib) +#: pwconv.8.xml:59(contrib) pwck.8.xml:59(contrib) porttime.5.xml:53(contrib) +#: passwd.5.xml:53(contrib) passwd.1.xml:60(contrib) nologin.8.xml:42(contrib) +#: newusers.8.xml:69(contrib) newgrp.1.xml:54(contrib) +#: logoutd.8.xml:53(contrib) login.defs.5.xml:120(contrib) +#: login.access.5.xml:54(contrib) login.1.xml:86(contrib) +#: limits.5.xml:55(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:55(contrib) gshadow.5.xml:42(contrib) +#: grpck.8.xml:54(contrib) groups.1.xml:53(contrib) groupmod.8.xml:54(contrib) +#: groupmems.8.xml:57(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:54(contrib) +#: groupadd.8.xml:56(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:58(contrib) +#: faillog.8.xml:53(contrib) faillog.5.xml:53(contrib) expiry.1.xml:57(contrib) +#: chsh.1.xml:56(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:57(contrib) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:53(contrib) chfn.1.xml:56(contrib) chage.1.xml:54(contrib) +msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now" +msgstr "" + +#: vipw.8.xml:59(refentrytitle) vipw.8.xml:66(refname) vipw.8.xml:75(command) +#: login.defs.5.xml:520(term) +msgid "vipw" +msgstr "vipw" + +#: vipw.8.xml:60(manvolnum) usermod.8.xml:65(manvolnum) +#: userdel.8.xml:64(manvolnum) userdel.8.xml:276(replaceable) +#: useradd.8.xml:77(manvolnum) pwconv.8.xml:64(manvolnum) +#: pwck.8.xml:64(manvolnum) nologin.8.xml:47(manvolnum) +#: newusers.8.xml:74(manvolnum) logoutd.8.xml:58(manvolnum) +#: lastlog.8.xml:60(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:59(manvolnum) +#: groupmod.8.xml:59(manvolnum) groupmems.8.xml:62(manvolnum) +#: groupdel.8.xml:59(manvolnum) groupdel.8.xml:198(replaceable) +#: groupadd.8.xml:61(manvolnum) faillog.8.xml:58(manvolnum) +#: faillog.5.xml:111(manvolnum) chpasswd.8.xml:62(manvolnum) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:58(manvolnum) +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: vipw.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) usermod.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) +#: userdel.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) useradd.8.xml:78(refmiscinfo) +#: pwconv.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) pwck.8.xml:65(refmiscinfo) +#: nologin.8.xml:48(refmiscinfo) newusers.8.xml:75(refmiscinfo) +#: logoutd.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) lastlog.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) +#: grpck.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) groupmod.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: groupmems.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) groupdel.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: groupadd.8.xml:62(refmiscinfo) faillog.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chgpasswd.8.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +msgid "System Management Commands" +msgstr "Kommandoer for systemhåndtering" + +#: vipw.8.xml:62(refmiscinfo) usermod.8.xml:67(refmiscinfo) +#: userdel.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) useradd.8.xml:79(refmiscinfo) +#: suauth.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) su.1.xml:77(refmiscinfo) +#: sg.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) shadow.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: shadow.3.xml:60(refmiscinfo) pwconv.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) +#: pwck.8.xml:66(refmiscinfo) porttime.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: passwd.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) passwd.1.xml:67(refmiscinfo) +#: nologin.8.xml:49(refmiscinfo) newusers.8.xml:76(refmiscinfo) +#: newgrp.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) logoutd.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: login.defs.5.xml:127(refmiscinfo) login.access.5.xml:61(refmiscinfo) +#: login.1.xml:93(refmiscinfo) limits.5.xml:62(refmiscinfo) +#: lastlog.8.xml:62(refmiscinfo) gshadow.5.xml:49(refmiscinfo) +#: grpck.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groups.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: groupmod.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groupmems.8.xml:64(refmiscinfo) +#: groupdel.8.xml:61(refmiscinfo) groupadd.8.xml:63(refmiscinfo) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:65(refmiscinfo) faillog.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: faillog.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) expiry.1.xml:64(refmiscinfo) +#: chsh.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) chpasswd.8.xml:64(refmiscinfo) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:60(refmiscinfo) chfn.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) +#: chage.1.xml:61(refmiscinfo) +msgid "shadow-utils" +msgstr "shadow-utils" + +#: vipw.8.xml:67(refname) vipw.8.xml:81(command) +msgid "vigr" +msgstr "vigr" + +#: vipw.8.xml:68(refpurpose) +msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file" +msgstr "" +"rediger adgangskoden, gruppe, shadow-adgangskode- eller shadow-gruppe-fil" + +#: vipw.8.xml:77(replaceable) vipw.8.xml:83(replaceable) +#: usermod.8.xml:79(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:76(arg) +#: useradd.8.xml:90(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:102(replaceable) +#: su.1.xml:88(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:81(replaceable) +#: pwconv.8.xml:87(replaceable) pwconv.8.xml:93(replaceable) +#: pwconv.8.xml:99(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:77(arg) passwd.1.xml:79(replaceable) +#: newusers.8.xml:88(replaceable) lastlog.8.xml:74(replaceable) +#: grpck.8.xml:72(arg) groupmod.8.xml:73(replaceable) +#: groupdel.8.xml:73(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:75(replaceable) +#: faillog.8.xml:72(replaceable) chsh.1.xml:75(replaceable) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:76(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:72(replaceable) +#: chfn.1.xml:75(replaceable) chage.1.xml:72(replaceable) +msgid "options" +msgstr "tilvalg" + +#: vipw.8.xml:89(title) usermod.8.xml:86(title) userdel.8.xml:84(title) +#: useradd.8.xml:108(title) suauth.5.xml:75(title) su.1.xml:103(title) +#: sg.1.xml:81(title) shadow.5.xml:69(title) shadow.3.xml:118(title) +#: shadow.3.xml:174(title) pwconv.8.xml:105(title) pwck.8.xml:92(title) +#: porttime.5.xml:69(title) passwd.5.xml:69(title) passwd.1.xml:88(title) +#: nologin.8.xml:64(title) newusers.8.xml:97(title) newgrp.1.xml:77(title) +#: logoutd.8.xml:75(title) login.defs.5.xml:136(title) +#: login.access.5.xml:70(title) login.1.xml:125(title) limits.5.xml:72(title) +#: lastlog.8.xml:80(title) gshadow.5.xml:58(title) grpck.8.xml:83(title) +#: groups.1.xml:78(title) groupmod.8.xml:80(title) groupmems.8.xml:85(title) +#: groupdel.8.xml:80(title) groupadd.8.xml:84(title) gpasswd.1.xml:94(title) +#: faillog.8.xml:78(title) faillog.5.xml:69(title) expiry.1.xml:82(title) +#: chsh.1.xml:84(title) chpasswd.8.xml:82(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:78(title) +#: chfn.1.xml:84(title) chage.1.xml:81(title) +msgid "DESCRIPTION" +msgstr "BESKRIVELSE" + +#: vipw.8.xml:90(para) +msgid "" +"The vipw and vigr commands edits the " +"files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, " +"respectively. With the flag, they will edit the shadow " +"versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/" +"gshadow, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate " +"locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs " +"will first try the environment variable $VISUAL, then the " +"environment variable $EDITOR, and finally the default editor, " +"vi1." +msgstr "" +"Kommandoerne vipw og vigr redigerer " +"filerne /etc/passwd og /etc/group, " +"respektivt. Med flaget vil de redigere versionerne for " +"Shadow for disse filer, /etc/shadow og /etc/" +"gshadow, respektivt. Programmerne vil sætte de passende låse for " +"at forhindre filødelæggelse. Når der kigges efter et redigerngsprogram, så " +"vil programmet øfrst forsøge med miljøvariablen $VISUAL, " +"derefter miljøvariablen $EDITOR, og endelig " +"standardredigeringsprogrammet, vi1." + +#: vipw.8.xml:107(title) usermod.8.xml:94(title) userdel.8.xml:93(title) +#: useradd.8.xml:126(title) su.1.xml:144(title) pwconv.8.xml:187(title) +#: pwck.8.xml:176(title) passwd.1.xml:174(title) newusers.8.xml:266(title) +#: login.1.xml:210(title) lastlog.8.xml:92(title) grpck.8.xml:147(title) +#: groupmod.8.xml:89(title) groupmems.8.xml:100(title) groupdel.8.xml:88(title) +#: groupadd.8.xml:93(title) gpasswd.1.xml:134(title) faillog.8.xml:89(title) +#: expiry.1.xml:91(title) chsh.1.xml:95(title) chpasswd.8.xml:130(title) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:105(title) chfn.1.xml:111(title) chage.1.xml:91(title) +msgid "OPTIONS" +msgstr "TILVALG" + +#: vipw.8.xml:108(para) +msgid "" +"The options which apply to the vipw and vigr commands are:" +msgstr "" +"Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoerne vipw og " +"vigr er:" + +#: vipw.8.xml:114(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:116(para) +msgid "Edit group database." +msgstr "Rediger gruppedatabase." + +#: vipw.8.xml:120(term) userdel.8.xml:123(term) useradd.8.xml:278(term) +#: pwconv.8.xml:195(term) pwck.8.xml:196(term) passwd.1.xml:214(term) +#: newusers.8.xml:296(term) lastlog.8.xml:119(term) grpck.8.xml:157(term) +#: groupmod.8.xml:129(term) groupmems.8.xml:142(term) groupdel.8.xml:95(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:131(term) gpasswd.1.xml:173(term) faillog.8.xml:122(term) +#: expiry.1.xml:112(term) chsh.1.xml:101(term) chpasswd.8.xml:171(term) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:131(term) chage.1.xml:129(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:122(para) userdel.8.xml:125(para) useradd.8.xml:280(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:197(para) pwck.8.xml:198(para) passwd.1.xml:216(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:298(para) lastlog.8.xml:123(para) grpck.8.xml:159(para) +#: groupmod.8.xml:131(para) groupmems.8.xml:144(para) groupdel.8.xml:97(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:133(para) gpasswd.1.xml:175(para) faillog.8.xml:124(para) +#: expiry.1.xml:114(para) chsh.1.xml:103(para) chpasswd.8.xml:173(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:133(para) chfn.1.xml:169(para) chage.1.xml:131(para) +msgid "Display help message and exit." +msgstr "Vis hjælpeteksten og afslut." + +#: vipw.8.xml:126(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:128(para) +msgid "Edit passwd database." +msgstr "Rediger passwd-database." + +#: vipw.8.xml:132(term) pwck.8.xml:202(term) passwd.1.xml:281(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:134(para) passwd.1.xml:285(para) +msgid "Quiet mode." +msgstr "Stille tilstand." + +#: vipw.8.xml:138(term) usermod.8.xml:322(term) userdel.8.xml:146(term) +#: useradd.8.xml:457(term) pwconv.8.xml:201(term) pwck.8.xml:219(term) +#: passwd.1.xml:301(term) newusers.8.xml:321(term) lastlog.8.xml:127(term) +#: grpck.8.xml:173(term) groupmod.8.xml:178(term) groupmems.8.xml:165(term) +#: groupdel.8.xml:101(term) groupadd.8.xml:204(term) faillog.8.xml:180(term) +#: chsh.1.xml:107(term) chpasswd.8.xml:188(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:146(term) +#: chfn.1.xml:153(term) chage.1.xml:203(term) +msgid "" +",  CHROOT_DIR" +msgstr "" +",  CHROOT_DIR" + +#: vipw.8.xml:142(para) usermod.8.xml:326(para) userdel.8.xml:150(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:461(para) pwconv.8.xml:205(para) pwck.8.xml:223(para) +#: passwd.1.xml:305(para) newusers.8.xml:325(para) lastlog.8.xml:131(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:177(para) groupmod.8.xml:182(para) groupmems.8.xml:169(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:105(para) groupadd.8.xml:208(para) gpasswd.1.xml:185(para) +#: faillog.8.xml:184(para) chsh.1.xml:111(para) chpasswd.8.xml:192(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:150(para) chfn.1.xml:157(para) chage.1.xml:207(para) +msgid "" +"Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use " +"the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR " +"directory." +msgstr "" +"Brug ændringer i mappen CHROOT_DIR og brug " +"konfigurationsfilerne fra mappen CHROOT_DIR." + +#: vipw.8.xml:150(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:152(para) +msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database." +msgstr "Rediger shadow- eller gshadow-database." + +#: vipw.8.xml:156(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: vipw.8.xml:158(para) +msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit." +msgstr "Indikerer hvilken brugers tcb-shadowfil at redigere." + +#: vipw.8.xml:165(title) usermod.8.xml:524(title) userdel.8.xml:188(title) +#: useradd.8.xml:676(title) su.1.xml:338(title) sg.1.xml:98(title) +#: pwconv.8.xml:227(title) pwck.8.xml:262(title) passwd.1.xml:395(title) +#: newusers.8.xml:375(title) newgrp.1.xml:109(title) login.1.xml:294(title) +#: lastlog.8.xml:205(title) grpck.8.xml:209(title) groupmod.8.xml:210(title) +#: groupmems.8.xml:199(title) groupdel.8.xml:145(title) +#: groupadd.8.xml:236(title) gpasswd.1.xml:264(title) chsh.1.xml:154(title) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:239(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:198(title) chfn.1.xml:193(title) +#: chage.1.xml:250(title) +msgid "CONFIGURATION" +msgstr "KONFIGURATION" + +#: vipw.8.xml:166(para) usermod.8.xml:525(para) userdel.8.xml:189(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:677(para) su.1.xml:339(para) sg.1.xml:99(para) +#: pwck.8.xml:263(para) passwd.1.xml:396(para) newusers.8.xml:376(para) +#: newgrp.1.xml:110(para) login.1.xml:295(para) lastlog.8.xml:206(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:210(para) groupmod.8.xml:211(para) groupmems.8.xml:200(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:146(para) groupadd.8.xml:237(para) gpasswd.1.xml:265(para) +#: chsh.1.xml:155(para) chpasswd.8.xml:240(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:199(para) +#: chfn.1.xml:194(para) chage.1.xml:251(para) +msgid "" +"The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:" +msgstr "" +"De følgende konfigurationsvariabler i /etc/login.defs " +"ændrer opførelsen for dette værktøj:" + +#: vipw.8.xml:30(term) usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) +#: useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwconv.8.xml:30(term) pwck.8.xml:30(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:30(term) chage.1.xml:30(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr " (boolesk)" + +#: vipw.8.xml:32(para) usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwconv.8.xml:32(para) pwck.8.xml:32(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:32(para) chage.1.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"If yes, the tcb5 password shadowing " +"scheme will be used." +msgstr "" +"Hvis ja, så vil skemaet for adgangskodeskygge " +"tcb5 blive brugt." + +#: vipw.8.xml:177(title) +msgid "ENVIRONMENT" +msgstr "MILJØ" + +#: vipw.8.xml:180(option) +msgid "VISUAL" +msgstr "VISUEL" + +#: vipw.8.xml:182(para) +msgid "Editor to be used." +msgstr "Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges." + +#: vipw.8.xml:186(option) +msgid "EDITOR" +msgstr "REDIGERINGSPROGRAM" + +#: vipw.8.xml:188(para) +msgid "Editor to be used if is not set." +msgstr "" +"Redigeringsprogram der skal bruges hvis ikke er " +"angivet." + +#: vipw.8.xml:195(title) usermod.8.xml:542(title) userdel.8.xml:205(title) +#: useradd.8.xml:706(title) suauth.5.xml:193(title) su.1.xml:366(title) +#: sg.1.xml:110(title) shadow.5.xml:255(title) shadow.3.xml:226(title) +#: pwconv.8.xml:250(title) pwck.8.xml:279(title) porttime.5.xml:130(title) +#: passwd.5.xml:160(title) passwd.1.xml:413(title) newusers.8.xml:411(title) +#: newgrp.1.xml:121(title) logoutd.8.xml:89(title) +#: login.access.5.xml:121(title) login.1.xml:338(title) limits.5.xml:196(title) +#: lastlog.8.xml:217(title) gshadow.5.xml:156(title) grpck.8.xml:221(title) +#: groups.1.xml:100(title) groupmod.8.xml:222(title) groupmems.8.xml:211(title) +#: groupdel.8.xml:157(title) groupadd.8.xml:250(title) gpasswd.1.xml:279(title) +#: faillog.8.xml:243(title) faillog.5.xml:96(title) expiry.1.xml:121(title) +#: chsh.1.xml:167(title) chpasswd.8.xml:255(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:213(title) +#: chfn.1.xml:207(title) chage.1.xml:262(title) +msgid "FILES" +msgstr "FILER" + +#: vipw.8.xml:198(filename) usermod.8.xml:545(filename) +#: userdel.8.xml:208(filename) useradd.8.xml:721(filename) +#: sg.1.xml:125(filename) pwck.8.xml:282(filename) newusers.8.xml:426(filename) +#: newgrp.1.xml:136(filename) gshadow.5.xml:159(filename) +#: grpck.8.xml:224(filename) groups.1.xml:103(filename) +#: groupmod.8.xml:225(filename) groupmems.8.xml:214(filename) +#: groupdel.8.xml:160(filename) groupadd.8.xml:253(filename) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:72(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:75(filename) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:282(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:216(filename) +msgid "/etc/group" +msgstr "/etc/group" + +#: vipw.8.xml:200(para) usermod.8.xml:547(para) userdel.8.xml:210(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:723(para) sg.1.xml:127(para) pwck.8.xml:284(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:428(para) newgrp.1.xml:138(para) gshadow.5.xml:161(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:226(para) groups.1.xml:105(para) groupmod.8.xml:227(para) +#: groupmems.8.xml:216(para) groupdel.8.xml:162(para) groupadd.8.xml:255(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:284(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:218(para) +msgid "Group account information." +msgstr "Information om gruppekonto." + +#: vipw.8.xml:204(filename) usermod.8.xml:551(filename) +#: useradd.8.xml:727(filename) sg.1.xml:131(filename) +#: newusers.8.xml:432(filename) newgrp.1.xml:142(filename) +#: gshadow.5.xml:165(filename) grpck.8.xml:230(filename) +#: groupmod.8.xml:231(filename) groupmems.8.xml:220(filename) +#: groupdel.8.xml:166(filename) groupadd.8.xml:259(filename) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:76(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:288(filename) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:222(filename) +msgid "/etc/gshadow" +msgstr "/etc/gshadow" + +#: vipw.8.xml:206(para) usermod.8.xml:553(para) useradd.8.xml:729(para) +#: sg.1.xml:133(para) newusers.8.xml:434(para) newgrp.1.xml:144(para) +#: gshadow.5.xml:167(para) grpck.8.xml:232(para) groupmod.8.xml:233(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:168(para) groupadd.8.xml:261(para) gpasswd.1.xml:290(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:224(para) +msgid "Secure group account information." +msgstr "Information om sikret gruppekonto." + +#: vipw.8.xml:210(filename) usermod.8.xml:563(filename) +#: userdel.8.xml:220(filename) useradd.8.xml:709(filename) +#: su.1.xml:369(filename) sg.1.xml:113(filename) shadow.5.xml:258(filename) +#: pwck.8.xml:288(filename) passwd.5.xml:163(filename) +#: passwd.1.xml:416(filename) newusers.8.xml:414(filename) +#: newgrp.1.xml:124(filename) login.1.xml:353(filename) +#: grpck.8.xml:236(filename) groupmod.8.xml:243(filename) +#: expiry.1.xml:124(filename) chsh.1.xml:170(filename) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:258(filename) chfn.1.xml:216(filename) +#: chage.1.xml:266(filename) +msgid "/etc/passwd" +msgstr "/etc/passwd" + +#: vipw.8.xml:212(para) usermod.8.xml:565(para) userdel.8.xml:222(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:711(para) su.1.xml:371(para) sg.1.xml:115(para) +#: shadow.5.xml:260(para) pwck.8.xml:290(para) passwd.5.xml:165(para) +#: passwd.1.xml:418(para) newusers.8.xml:416(para) newgrp.1.xml:126(para) +#: login.1.xml:355(para) grpck.8.xml:238(para) groupmod.8.xml:245(para) +#: expiry.1.xml:126(para) chsh.1.xml:172(para) chpasswd.8.xml:260(para) +#: chfn.1.xml:218(para) chage.1.xml:269(para) +msgid "User account information." +msgstr "Information om brugerkonto." + +#: vipw.8.xml:216(filename) usermod.8.xml:569(filename) +#: userdel.8.xml:226(filename) useradd.8.xml:715(filename) +#: su.1.xml:375(filename) sg.1.xml:119(filename) shadow.5.xml:264(filename) +#: shadow.3.xml:229(filename) pwck.8.xml:294(filename) +#: passwd.5.xml:169(filename) passwd.1.xml:422(filename) +#: newusers.8.xml:420(filename) newgrp.1.xml:130(filename) +#: login.1.xml:359(filename) expiry.1.xml:130(filename) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:264(filename) chage.1.xml:274(filename) +msgid "/etc/shadow" +msgstr "/etc/shadow" + +#: vipw.8.xml:218(para) usermod.8.xml:571(para) userdel.8.xml:228(para) +#: useradd.8.xml:717(para) su.1.xml:377(para) sg.1.xml:121(para) +#: shadow.5.xml:266(para) shadow.3.xml:231(para) pwck.8.xml:296(para) +#: passwd.1.xml:424(para) newusers.8.xml:422(para) newgrp.1.xml:132(para) +#: login.1.xml:361(para) expiry.1.xml:132(para) chpasswd.8.xml:266(para) +#: chage.1.xml:277(para) +msgid "Secure user account information." +msgstr "Information om sikret brugerkonto." + +#: vipw.8.xml:225(title) usermod.8.xml:590(title) userdel.8.xml:325(title) +#: useradd.8.xml:835(title) suauth.5.xml:222(title) su.1.xml:437(title) +#: sg.1.xml:140(title) shadow.5.xml:283(title) shadow.3.xml:238(title) +#: pwconv.8.xml:262(title) pwck.8.xml:354(title) porttime.5.xml:142(title) +#: passwd.5.xml:188(title) passwd.1.xml:494(title) nologin.8.xml:81(title) +#: newusers.8.xml:465(title) newgrp.1.xml:151(title) +#: login.defs.5.xml:547(title) login.access.5.xml:133(title) +#: login.1.xml:398(title) limits.5.xml:206(title) gshadow.5.xml:174(title) +#: grpck.8.xml:290(title) groups.1.xml:112(title) groupmod.8.xml:321(title) +#: groupmems.8.xml:229(title) groupdel.8.xml:214(title) +#: groupadd.8.xml:341(title) gpasswd.1.xml:297(title) faillog.8.xml:255(title) +#: faillog.5.xml:108(title) expiry.1.xml:139(title) chsh.1.xml:191(title) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:285(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:237(title) chfn.1.xml:225(title) +#: chage.1.xml:317(title) +msgid "SEE ALSO" +msgstr "SE OGSÅ" + +#: vipw.8.xml:226(para) +msgid "" +"vi1, group5, " +"gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." +msgstr "" +"vi1, gruppe5, " +"gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." + +#: usermod.8.xml:46(firstname) userdel.8.xml:45(firstname) +#: useradd.8.xml:58(firstname) su.1.xml:56(firstname) sg.1.xml:40(firstname) +#: shadow.5.xml:39(firstname) shadow.3.xml:39(firstname) +#: pwck.8.xml:45(firstname) porttime.5.xml:39(firstname) +#: passwd.5.xml:39(firstname) passwd.1.xml:46(firstname) +#: newusers.8.xml:55(firstname) newgrp.1.xml:40(firstname) +#: logoutd.8.xml:39(firstname) login.defs.5.xml:106(firstname) +#: login.1.xml:72(firstname) lastlog.8.xml:41(firstname) +#: grpck.8.xml:40(firstname) groups.1.xml:39(firstname) +#: groupmod.8.xml:40(firstname) groupdel.8.xml:40(firstname) +#: groupadd.8.xml:42(firstname) faillog.8.xml:39(firstname) +#: faillog.5.xml:39(firstname) expiry.1.xml:43(firstname) +#: chsh.1.xml:42(firstname) chpasswd.8.xml:43(firstname) +#: chfn.1.xml:42(firstname) chage.1.xml:40(firstname) +msgid "Julianne Frances" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:47(surname) userdel.8.xml:46(surname) +#: useradd.8.xml:59(surname) su.1.xml:57(surname) sg.1.xml:41(surname) +#: shadow.5.xml:40(surname) shadow.3.xml:40(surname) pwck.8.xml:46(surname) +#: porttime.5.xml:40(surname) passwd.5.xml:40(surname) passwd.1.xml:47(surname) +#: newusers.8.xml:56(surname) newgrp.1.xml:41(surname) +#: logoutd.8.xml:40(surname) login.defs.5.xml:107(surname) +#: login.1.xml:73(surname) lastlog.8.xml:42(surname) grpck.8.xml:41(surname) +#: groups.1.xml:40(surname) groupmod.8.xml:41(surname) +#: groupdel.8.xml:41(surname) groupadd.8.xml:43(surname) +#: faillog.8.xml:40(surname) faillog.5.xml:40(surname) expiry.1.xml:44(surname) +#: chsh.1.xml:43(surname) chpasswd.8.xml:44(surname) chfn.1.xml:43(surname) +#: chage.1.xml:41(surname) +msgid "Haugh" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:48(contrib) userdel.8.xml:47(contrib) +#: useradd.8.xml:60(contrib) sg.1.xml:42(contrib) newusers.8.xml:57(contrib) +#: newgrp.1.xml:42(contrib) logoutd.8.xml:41(contrib) +#: login.defs.5.xml:108(contrib) groups.1.xml:41(contrib) +#: groupmod.8.xml:42(contrib) groupdel.8.xml:42(contrib) +#: groupadd.8.xml:44(contrib) chpasswd.8.xml:45(contrib) +msgid "Creation, 1991" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:64(refentrytitle) usermod.8.xml:71(refname) +#: usermod.8.xml:77(command) login.defs.5.xml:510(term) +msgid "usermod" +msgstr "usermod" + +#: usermod.8.xml:72(refpurpose) +msgid "modify a user account" +msgstr "ændre en brugerkonto" + +#: usermod.8.xml:81(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:78(replaceable) +#: useradd.8.xml:92(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:82(replaceable) +#: chsh.1.xml:78(replaceable) chfn.1.xml:78(replaceable) +#: chage.1.xml:75(replaceable) +msgid "LOGIN" +msgstr "LOGIND" + +#: usermod.8.xml:87(para) +msgid "" +"The usermod command modifies the system account files to " +"reflect the changes that are specified on the command line." +msgstr "" +"Kommandoen usermod ændrer systemkontofilerne så de " +"reflekterer ændringerne som angives på kommandolinjen." + +#: usermod.8.xml:95(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the usermod command are:" +msgstr "" +"Tilvalgene som kan bruges for kommandoen usermod er:" + +#: usermod.8.xml:101(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: usermod.8.xml:105(para) +msgid "" +"Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the ." + +#: usermod.8.xml:112(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid ", " +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: usermod.8.xml:116(para) useradd.8.xml:135(para) pwck.8.xml:190(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:276(para) +msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:122(term) useradd.8.xml:162(term) +msgid "" +",  COMMENT" +msgstr "" +",  KOMMENTAR" + +#: usermod.8.xml:126(para) +msgid "" +"The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally " +"modified using the chfn1 utility." +msgstr "" +"Den nye værdi for brugerens kommentar kommentarfelt i adgangskodefilen. Den " +"ændres normalt med redskabet chfn1." + +#: usermod.8.xml:135(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "HOME_DIR" +msgid "" +",  HOME_DIR" +msgstr "" +",  " +"HJEMMEMAPPE" + +#: usermod.8.xml:139(para) +msgid "The user's new login directory." +msgstr "Brugerens nye logindmappe." + +#: usermod.8.xml:142(para) +msgid "" +"If the option is given, the contents of the current home " +"directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it " +"does not already exist." +msgstr "" +"Hvis tilvalget er angivet, vil indholdet af den aktuelle " +"hjemmemappe blive flyttet til den nye hjemmemappe, som oprettes hvis denne " +"ikke allerede findes." + +#: usermod.8.xml:151(term) useradd.8.xml:200(term) useradd.8.xml:577(term) +msgid "" +",  " +"EXPIRE_DATE" +msgstr "" +",  " +"UDLØBSDATO" + +#: usermod.8.xml:155(para) useradd.8.xml:204(para) +msgid "" +"The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified " +"in the format YYYY-MM-DD." +msgstr "" +"Datoen hvorpå brugerkontoen vil blive deaktiveret. Datoen er angivet i " +"formatet ÅÅÅÅ-MM-DD." + +#: usermod.8.xml:159(para) +msgid "" +"An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the " +"expiration of the account." +msgstr "" +"Et tomt argument for UDLØBSDATO vil deaktivere " +"udløb for kontoen." + +#: usermod.8.xml:163(para) usermod.8.xml:184(para) +msgid "" +"This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /" +"etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none." +msgstr "" +"Dette tilvalg kræver en /etc/shadow-fil. Et /" +"etc/shadow-punkt vil blive oprettet hvis et sådant ikke fandtes." + +#: usermod.8.xml:171(term) useradd.8.xml:217(term) useradd.8.xml:589(term) +msgid "" +",  INACTIVE" +msgstr "" +",  INAKTIV" + +#: usermod.8.xml:175(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently " +"disabled." +msgstr "" +"Antallet af dage fra en adgangskode udløber til kontoen bliver permanent " +"deaktiveret." + +#: usermod.8.xml:179(para) +msgid "" +"A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a " +"value of -1 disables the feature." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:192(term) useradd.8.xml:236(term) useradd.8.xml:604(term) +msgid "" +",  GROUP" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:196(para) +msgid "" +"The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group " +"must exist." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:200(para) +msgid "" +"Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group " +"of the user will be owned by this new group." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:204(para) +msgid "" +"The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be " +"fixed manually." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:211(term) useradd.8.xml:263(term) +msgid "" +",  GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:215(para) +msgid "" +"A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each " +"group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. " +"The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the " +" option." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:222(para) +msgid "" +"If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user " +"will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the " +" option, which appends the user to the current " +"supplementary group list." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:231(term) +msgid "" +",  NEW_LOGIN" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:235(para) +msgid "" +"The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN " +"to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In " +"particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be " +"renamed manually to reflect the new login name." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:245(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:249(para) +msgid "" +"Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, " +"effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with or ." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:255(para) +msgid "" +"Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you " +"should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to " +"1." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:264(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:268(para) +msgid "Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:272(para) +msgid "" +"This option is only valid in combination with the (or " +") option." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:276(para) +msgid "" +"usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and " +"to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be " +"needed afterwards." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:284(term) useradd.8.xml:397(term) groupmod.8.xml:146(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:157(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:288(para) +msgid "" +"When used with the option, this option allows to change " +"the user ID to a non-unique value." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:295(term) useradd.8.xml:409(term) groupmod.8.xml:157(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:167(term) +msgid "" +",  PASSWORD" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:299(para) groupmod.8.xml:161(para) +msgid "" +"The encrypted password, as returned by crypt3." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:304(para) useradd.8.xml:418(para) groupmod.8.xml:166(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:176(para) +msgid "" +"Note: This option is not recommended " +"because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users " +"listing the processes." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:309(para) +msgid "" +"The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd " +"or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the " +"password database configured in your PAM configuration." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:315(para) useradd.8.xml:423(para) groupmod.8.xml:171(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:181(para) +msgid "" +"You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:334(term) userdel.8.xml:158(term) useradd.8.xml:469(term) +#: groupmod.8.xml:190(term) groupdel.8.xml:113(term) groupadd.8.xml:216(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "HOME_DIR" +msgid "" +",  PREFIX_DIR" +msgstr "" +",  " +"HJEMMEMAPPE" + +#: usermod.8.xml:338(para) userdel.8.xml:162(para) useradd.8.xml:473(para) +#: groupmod.8.xml:194(para) groupdel.8.xml:117(para) groupadd.8.xml:220(para) +msgid "" +"Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use " +"the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR " +"directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-" +"compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not " +"verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:351(term) useradd.8.xml:486(term) useradd.8.xml:624(term) +#: su.1.xml:186(term) chsh.1.xml:119(term) +msgid "" +",  SHELL" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:355(para) chsh.1.xml:123(para) +msgid "" +"The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes " +"the system to select the default login shell." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:362(term) useradd.8.xml:500(term) +msgid "" +",  UID" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:366(para) +msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:369(para) +msgid "" +"This value must be unique, unless the option is used. " +"The value must be non-negative." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:374(para) +msgid "" +"The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located " +"in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed " +"automatically." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:379(para) +msgid "" +"The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed " +"manually." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:383(para) +msgid "" +"No checks will be performed with regard to the , " +", , or " +" from /etc/login.defs." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:392(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:396(para) +msgid "" +"Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted " +"password. You can't use this option with or value " +"from /etc/default/useradd)." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:412(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "INACTIVE" +msgid "" +",  FIRST-LAST" +msgstr "" +",  INAKTIV" + +#: usermod.8.xml:416(para) +msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:419(para) usermod.8.xml:457(para) +msgid "" +"This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a " +"users account." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:422(para) usermod.8.xml:442(para) +msgid "" +"No checks will be performed with regard to , " +", or from /etc/" +"login.defs." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:430(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "EXPIRE_DATE" +msgid "" +",  FIRST-LAST" +msgstr "" +",  " +"UDLØBSDATO" + +#: usermod.8.xml:434(para) +msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:437(para) +msgid "" +"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a " +"users account. When both and are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges " +"happens before any subordinate uid range is added." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:450(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "INACTIVE" +msgid "" +",  FIRST-LAST" +msgstr "" +",  INAKTIV" + +#: usermod.8.xml:454(para) +msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:460(para) usermod.8.xml:480(para) +msgid "" +"No checks will be performed with regard to , " +", or from /etc/" +"login.defs." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:468(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| ",  " +#| "EXPIRE_DATE" +msgid "" +",  FIRST-LAST" +msgstr "" +",  " +"UDLØBSDATO" + +#: usermod.8.xml:472(para) +msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:475(para) +msgid "" +"This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a " +"users account. When both and are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges " +"happens before any subordinate gid range is added." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:488(term) useradd.8.xml:535(term) +msgid "" +",  " +"SEUSER" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:492(para) +msgid "The new SELinux user for the user's login." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:495(para) +msgid "" +"A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user " +"mapping for user LOGIN (if any)." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:506(title) userdel.8.xml:298(title) useradd.8.xml:652(title) +#: su.1.xml:330(title) shadow.3.xml:218(title) passwd.1.xml:377(title) +#: newusers.8.xml:363(title) login.1.xml:260(title) lastlog.8.xml:229(title) +#: groupdel.8.xml:133(title) groupadd.8.xml:274(title) gpasswd.1.xml:252(title) +#: faillog.8.xml:232(title) chpasswd.8.xml:231(title) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:186(title) +msgid "CAVEATS" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:507(para) +msgid "" +"You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes " +"when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the " +"user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. " +"usermod checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only " +"uses utmp to check if the user is logged in." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:514(para) +msgid "" +"You must change the owner of any crontab files or " +"at jobs manually." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:518(para) +msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:33(term) useradd.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +#: lastlog.8.xml:33(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:35(para) useradd.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +#: lastlog.8.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As " +"higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and " +"authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog " +"file for them." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:41(para) useradd.8.xml:41(para) login.defs.5.xml:41(para) +#: lastlog.8.xml:41(para) +msgid "" +"No option present in the configuration " +"means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:32(term) userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:34(para) userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its " +"corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a " +"compile-time default is used." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:41(term) userdel.8.xml:41(term) useradd.8.xml:41(term) +#: su.1.xml:41(term) login.defs.5.xml:41(term) login.1.xml:41(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para) +#: su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#. FIXME: MAIL_FILE not used in useradd +#: usermod.8.xml:50(para) userdel.8.xml:50(para) useradd.8.xml:50(para) +#: su.1.xml:50(para) login.defs.5.xml:50(para) login.1.xml:50(para) +msgid "" +"The and variables are " +"used by useradd, usermod, and " +"userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:56(para) userdel.8.xml:56(para) useradd.8.xml:56(para) +#: su.1.xml:56(para) login.defs.5.xml:56(para) login.1.xml:56(para) +msgid "" +"If is set to yes, they are also used to define the MAIL " +"environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) +#: pwconv.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +#: grpck.8.xml:30(term) groupmod.8.xml:30(term) groupmems.8.xml:30(term) +#: groupdel.8.xml:30(term) groupadd.8.xml:30(term) gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:32(para) groupmod.8.xml:32(para) groupmems.8.xml:32(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:32(para) groupadd.8.xml:32(para) gpasswd.1.xml:32(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group " +"entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same " +"name, same password, and same GID)." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:37(para) userdel.8.xml:37(para) useradd.8.xml:37(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:37(para) newusers.8.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:37(para) groupmod.8.xml:37(para) groupmems.8.xml:37(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:37(para) groupadd.8.xml:37(para) gpasswd.1.xml:37(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:37(para) +msgid "" +"The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of " +"members in a group." +msgstr "" + +#. Note: on HP, split groups have the same ID, but different +#. names. +#: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:43(para) groupmod.8.xml:43(para) groupmems.8.xml:43(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:43(para) groupadd.8.xml:43(para) gpasswd.1.xml:43(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group " +"file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger " +"than 1024 characters." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:48(para) userdel.8.xml:48(para) useradd.8.xml:48(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:48(para) newusers.8.xml:48(para) login.defs.5.xml:48(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:48(para) groupmod.8.xml:48(para) groupmems.8.xml:48(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:48(para) groupadd.8.xml:48(para) gpasswd.1.xml:48(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:48(para) +msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:51(para) userdel.8.xml:51(para) useradd.8.xml:51(para) +#: pwconv.8.xml:51(para) newusers.8.xml:51(para) login.defs.5.xml:51(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:51(para) groupmod.8.xml:51(para) groupmems.8.xml:51(para) +#: groupdel.8.xml:51(para) groupadd.8.xml:51(para) gpasswd.1.xml:51(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:51(para) +msgid "" +"Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow " +"toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:31(term) useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:31(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have " +"subordinate group IDs) allocate unused group " +"IDs from the range to (resp. , are respectively 100000, 600100000 " +"and 65536." +msgstr "" +"Standardværdien for (resp. (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:31(term) useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:31(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid " (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: usermod.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have " +"subordinate user IDs) allocate unused user " +"IDs from the range to (resp. , are respectively 100000, 600100000 " +"and 65536." +msgstr "" +"Standardværdien for (resp. (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:37(programlisting) userdel.8.xml:37(programlisting) +#: useradd.8.xml:37(programlisting) pwck.8.xml:37(programlisting) +#: login.defs.5.xml:37(programlisting) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +"if ( UID is less than 1000) {\n" +" use /etc/tcb/user\n" +"} else if ( UID is less than 1000000) {\n" +" kilos = UID / 1000\n" +" use /etc/tcb/:kilos/user\n" +" make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n" +"} else {\n" +" megas = UID / 1000000\n" +" kilos = ( UID / megas * 1000000 ) / 1000\n" +" use /etc/tcb/:megas/:kilos/user\n" +" make symlink /etc/tcb/user to the above directory\n" +"}\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para) +#: pwck.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"If yes, the location of the user tcb directory to " +"be created will not be automatically set to /etc/tcb/user, but will be " +"computed depending on the UID of the user, according to the following " +"algorithm: " +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:557(filename) userdel.8.xml:214(filename) +#: useradd.8.xml:757(filename) su.1.xml:381(filename) +#: pwconv.8.xml:253(filename) passwd.1.xml:428(filename) +#: newusers.8.xml:438(filename) login.access.5.xml:124(filename) +#: login.1.xml:389(filename) groupmod.8.xml:237(filename) +#: groupadd.8.xml:265(filename) chsh.1.xml:182(filename) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:270(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:228(filename) +#: chfn.1.xml:210(filename) +msgid "/etc/login.defs" +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:559(para) userdel.8.xml:216(para) useradd.8.xml:759(para) +#: su.1.xml:383(para) pwconv.8.xml:255(para) passwd.1.xml:430(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:440(para) login.access.5.xml:126(para) login.1.xml:391(para) +#: groupmod.8.xml:239(para) groupadd.8.xml:267(para) chsh.1.xml:184(para) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:272(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:230(para) chfn.1.xml:212(para) +msgid "Shadow password suite configuration." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:575(filename) userdel.8.xml:232(filename) +#: useradd.8.xml:745(filename) newusers.8.xml:450(filename) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "/etc/suauth" +msgid "/etc/subgid" +msgstr "/etc/suauth" + +#: usermod.8.xml:577(para) userdel.8.xml:234(para) useradd.8.xml:747(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:452(para) +msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:581(filename) userdel.8.xml:238(filename) +#: useradd.8.xml:751(filename) newusers.8.xml:456(filename) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "/etc/suauth" +msgid "/etc/subuid" +msgstr "/etc/suauth" + +#: usermod.8.xml:583(para) userdel.8.xml:240(para) useradd.8.xml:753(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:458(para) +msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs." +msgstr "" + +#: usermod.8.xml:591(para) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "vi1, group5, " +#| "gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." +msgid "" +"chfn1, chsh1, " +"passwd1, crypt3, " +"gpasswd8, groupadd8, " +"groupdel8, groupmod8, " +"login.defs5, subgid5, subuid5, useradd8, userdel8." +msgstr "" +"vi1, gruppe5, " +"gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." + +#: userdel.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) userdel.8.xml:70(refname) +#: userdel.8.xml:75(command) login.defs.5.xml:500(term) +msgid "userdel" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:71(refpurpose) +msgid "delete a user account and related files" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:85(para) +msgid "" +"The userdel command modifies the system account files, " +"deleting all entries that refer to the user name LOGIN. The named user must exist." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:94(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the userdel command are:" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:99(term) groupadd.8.xml:100(term) expiry.1.xml:103(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:103(para) +msgid "" +"This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is " +"still logged in. It also forces userdel to remove the " +"user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same " +"home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If " +" is defined to yes in /etc/login.defs and if a group exists with " +"the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if " +"it is still the primary group of another user." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:116(para) +msgid "" +"Note: This option is dangerous and may leave your " +"system in an inconsistent state." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:129(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:133(para) +msgid "" +"Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home " +"directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file " +"systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:139(para) +msgid "" +"The mail spool is defined by the variable in the " +"login.defs file." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:175(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:179(para) +msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove any " +"at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first " +"argument)." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) +msgid "The return code of the script is not taken into account." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:46(programlisting) login.defs.5.xml:46(programlisting) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +"#! /bin/sh\n" +"\n" +"# Check for the required argument.\n" +"if [ $# != 1 ]; then\n" +"\techo \"Usage: $0 username\"\n" +"\texit 1\n" +"fi\n" +"\n" +"# Remove cron jobs.\n" +"crontab -r -u $1\n" +"\n" +"# Remove at jobs.\n" +"# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,\n" +"# even if it was shared by a different username.\n" +"AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs\n" +"find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name \"[^.]*\" -type f -user $1 -delete \\;\n" +"\n" +"# Remove print jobs.\n" +"lprm $1\n" +"\n" +"# All done.\n" +"exit 0\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print jobs: " +"" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) su.1.xml:32(term) +#: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) su.1.xml:34(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits " +"(examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is " +"the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:39(para) useradd.8.xml:39(para) su.1.xml:39(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) +msgid "" +"If set to yes, userdel will " +"remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and " +"useradd will create by default a group with the name of " +"the user." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:247(title) useradd.8.xml:766(title) su.1.xml:390(title) +#: pwck.8.xml:303(title) passwd.1.xml:443(title) grpck.8.xml:245(title) +#: groupmod.8.xml:252(title) groupdel.8.xml:175(title) +#: groupadd.8.xml:296(title) chage.1.xml:284(title) +msgid "EXIT VALUES" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:252(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:771(replaceable) +#: su.1.xml:409(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:308(replaceable) +#: passwd.1.xml:448(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:250(replaceable) +#: groupmod.8.xml:257(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:180(replaceable) +#: groupadd.8.xml:301(replaceable) chage.1.xml:289(replaceable) +msgid "0" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:254(para) useradd.8.xml:773(para) pwck.8.xml:310(para) +#: passwd.1.xml:450(para) grpck.8.xml:252(para) groupdel.8.xml:182(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:303(para) chage.1.xml:291(para) +msgid "success" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:258(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:777(replaceable) +#: su.1.xml:75(manvolnum) su.1.xml:415(replaceable) sg.1.xml:59(manvolnum) +#: pwck.8.xml:314(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:65(manvolnum) +#: passwd.1.xml:454(replaceable) newgrp.1.xml:59(manvolnum) +#: login.1.xml:91(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:256(replaceable) +#: groups.1.xml:58(manvolnum) gpasswd.1.xml:63(manvolnum) +#: expiry.1.xml:62(manvolnum) chsh.1.xml:61(manvolnum) chfn.1.xml:61(manvolnum) +#: chage.1.xml:59(manvolnum) chage.1.xml:295(replaceable) +msgid "1" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:260(para) useradd.8.xml:779(para) +msgid "can't update password file" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:264(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:783(replaceable) +#: pwck.8.xml:320(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:460(replaceable) +#: grpck.8.xml:262(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:263(replaceable) +#: groupdel.8.xml:186(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:307(replaceable) +#: chage.1.xml:301(replaceable) +msgid "2" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:266(para) useradd.8.xml:785(para) pwck.8.xml:316(para) +#: grpck.8.xml:258(para) groupdel.8.xml:188(para) groupadd.8.xml:309(para) +#: chage.1.xml:303(para) +msgid "invalid command syntax" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:270(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:801(replaceable) +#: pwck.8.xml:344(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:484(replaceable) +#: groupmod.8.xml:281(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:192(replaceable) +msgid "6" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:272(para) +msgid "specified user doesn't exist" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:278(para) +msgid "user currently logged in" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:282(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:813(replaceable) +#: groupmod.8.xml:293(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:204(replaceable) +#: groupadd.8.xml:331(replaceable) +msgid "10" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:284(para) useradd.8.xml:815(para) groupdel.8.xml:206(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:333(para) +msgid "can't update group file" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:288(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:819(replaceable) +#: groupmod.8.xml:305(replaceable) +msgid "12" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:290(para) +msgid "can't remove home directory" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:248(para) +msgid "" +"The userdel command exits with the following values: " +"" +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:299(para) +msgid "" +"userdel will not allow you to remove an account if there " +"are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may " +"have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or account and " +"remove the account later. The option can force the " +"deletion of this account." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:306(para) +msgid "" +"You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain " +"owned by this user." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:310(para) +msgid "" +"You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be " +"performed on the NIS server." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:313(para) +msgid "" +"If is defined to yes in /etc/login.defs, userdel will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid " +"inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, userdel will check that this group is not used as a primary group for " +"another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The " +" option can force the deletion of this group." +msgstr "" + +#: userdel.8.xml:326(para) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "vi1, group5, " +#| "gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." +msgid "" +"chfn1, chsh1, " +"passwd1, login.defs5, " +"gpasswd8, groupadd8, " +"groupdel8, groupmod8, subgid5, subuid5, useradd8, usermod8." +msgstr "" +"vi1, gruppe5, " +"gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." + +#: useradd.8.xml:76(refentrytitle) useradd.8.xml:83(refname) +#: useradd.8.xml:88(command) useradd.8.xml:95(command) +#: useradd.8.xml:99(command) login.defs.5.xml:482(term) +msgid "useradd" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:84(refpurpose) +msgid "create a new user or update default new user information" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:96(arg) useradd.8.xml:100(arg) +msgid "-D" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:109(para) +msgid "" +"When invoked without the option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified on " +"the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on " +"command line options, the useradd command will update " +"system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy " +"initial files." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:118(para) +msgid "" +"By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see , , and " +")." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:127(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the useradd command are:" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:132(option) pwck.8.xml:187(option) newusers.8.xml:273(option) +msgid "--badname" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:141(term) useradd.8.xml:559(term) +msgid "" +",  BASE_DIR" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:145(para) +msgid "" +"The default base directory for the system if  " +"HOME_DIR is not specified. BASE_DIR is concatenated with the account name to define the home " +"directory. If the option is not used, " +"BASE_DIR must exist." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:152(para) +msgid "" +"If this option is not specified, useradd will use the " +"base directory specified by the variable in /" +"etc/default/useradd, or /home by default." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:166(para) +msgid "" +"Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is " +"currently used as the field for the user's full name." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:174(term) +msgid "" +",  HOME_DIR" +msgstr "" +",  " +"HJEMMEMAPPE" + +#: useradd.8.xml:178(para) +msgid "" +"The new user will be created using HOME_DIR as " +"the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the " +"LOGIN name to BASE_DIR " +"and use that as the login directory name. The directory " +"HOME_DIR does not have to exist but will not be " +"created if it is missing." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:190(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:194(para) +msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:208(para) +msgid "" +"If not specified, useradd will use the default expiry " +"date specified by the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:221(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently " +"disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has " +"expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:227(para) +msgid "" +"If not specified, useradd will use the default inactivity " +"period specified by the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd, or -1 by default." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:240(para) +msgid "" +"The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group name " +"must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:245(para) +msgid "" +"If not specified, the behavior of useradd will depend on " +"the variable in /etc/login.defs. If this variable is set to yes (or " +" is specified on the command line), a group " +"will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the " +"variable is set to no (or is specified on the command line), useradd will set the " +"primary group of the new user to the value specified by the option. The default is for the user to belong only to " +"the initial group." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:284(term) +msgid "" +",  SKEL_DIR" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:288(para) +msgid "" +"The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in " +"the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by " +"useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:293(para) +msgid "" +"This option is only valid if the (or ) option is specified." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:297(para) +msgid "" +"If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the " +" variable in /etc/default/useradd " +"or, by default, /etc/skel." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:303(para) +msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:309(term) groupadd.8.xml:137(term) +msgid "" +",  KEY=VALUE" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:313(para) +msgid "" +"Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (, , " +" and others). Example: " +" PASS_MAX_DAYS=-1 can be used when creating system " +"account to turn off password aging, even though system account has no " +"password at all. Multiple options can be specified, e." +"g.:  UID_MIN=100  " +"UID_MAX=499" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:334(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:336(para) +msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:339(para) +msgid "" +"By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are " +"reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:347(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:351(para) +msgid "" +"Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and " +"directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with " +"the option) will be copied to the home directory." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:357(para) +msgid "" +"By default, if this option is not specified and " +"is not enabled, no home directories are created." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:365(term) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid ", " +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: useradd.8.xml:369(para) +msgid "" +"Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from " +"/etc/login.defs () is set " +"to yes." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:378(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:382(para) +msgid "" +"Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to " +"the group specified by the option or by the " +" variable in /etc/default/useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:388(para) useradd.8.xml:526(para) +msgid "" +"The default behavior (if the , , and " +" options are not specified) is defined by the " +" variable in /etc/login.defs." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:401(para) +msgid "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:402(para) +msgid "" +"This option is only valid in combination with the option." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:413(para) groupadd.8.xml:171(para) +msgid "" +"The encrypted password, as returned by crypt3. The default is to " +"disable the password." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:430(term) newusers.8.xml:302(term) groupadd.8.xml:188(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:434(para) newusers.8.xml:306(para) +msgid "Create a system account." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:437(para) +msgid "" +"System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/" +"shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the " +"- range, defined in " +"/etc/login.defs, instead of -" +" (and their counterparts for " +"the creation of groups)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:446(para) +msgid "" +"Note that useradd will not create a home directory for " +"such a user, regardless of the default setting in /etc/login.defs (). You have to specify the options if you want a home directory for a system account to be " +"created." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:490(para) +msgid "" +"The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field " +"blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified " +"by the variable in /etc/default/useradd, or an empty string by default." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:504(para) +msgid "" +"The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the " +" option is used. The value must be non-negative. The " +"default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to " +" and greater than every other user." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:511(para) +msgid "" +"See also the option and the " +"description." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:518(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:522(para) +msgid "" +"Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this " +"group." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:539(para) +msgid "" +"The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field " +"blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:549(title) +msgid "Changing the default values" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:550(para) +msgid "" +"When invoked with only the option, useradd will display the current default values. When invoked with plus other options, useradd will update the " +"default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are:" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:563(para) +msgid "" +"The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be " +"affixed to the end of BASE_DIR to form the new " +"user's home directory name, if the option is not used " +"when creating a new account." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:570(para) +msgid "" +"This option sets the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:581(para) +msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:582(para) +msgid "" +"This option sets the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:593(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be " +"disabled." +msgstr "" +"Antallet af dage efter en adgangskode er udløbet før kontoen vil blive " +"deaktiveret." + +#: useradd.8.xml:597(para) +msgid "" +"This option sets the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd." +msgstr "" +"Dette tilvalg sætter variablen i /etc/" +"default/useradd." + +#: useradd.8.xml:608(para) +msgid "" +"The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the is used or when the " +"variable is set to no in /etc/login." +"defs). The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must " +"have an existing entry." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:617(para) +msgid "" +"This option sets the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:628(para) +msgid "The name of a new user's login shell." +msgstr "Navnet på en ny brugers logindskal." + +#: useradd.8.xml:631(para) +msgid "" +"This option sets the variable in /etc/" +"default/useradd." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:643(title) +msgid "NOTES" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:644(para) +msgid "" +"The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files " +"in the /etc/skel/ directory (or any other skeleton " +"directory specified in /etc/default/useradd or on the " +"command line)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:653(para) +msgid "" +"You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the " +"corresponding server." +msgstr "" +"Du kan ikke tilføje en bruger til en NIS eller LDAP-gruppe. Dette skal " +"udføres på den tilsvarende server." + +#: useradd.8.xml:658(para) +msgid "" +"Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such " +"as NIS or LDAP, useradd will deny the user account " +"creation request." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:664(para) +msgid "" +"Usernames must start with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by " +"lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a " +"dollar sign. In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:670(para) +msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long." +msgstr "Brugernavne må kun være op til 32 tegn lange." + +#: useradd.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr " (boolesk)" + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users." +msgstr "" +"Indikerer om en hjemmemappe skal oprettes som standard for nye brugere." + +#: useradd.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para) +msgid "" +"This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the " +"command line." +msgstr "" +"Denne indstilling gælder ikke for systembrugere og kan overskrives på " +"kommandolinjen." + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:33(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by " +"useradd, groupadd, or " +"newusers." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:40(para) +msgid "" +"The default value for (resp. (resp. (number)" +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (nummer)" + +#: useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The mode for new home directories. If not specified, the (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older " +"than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be " +"assumed (which disables the restriction)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term) +#: newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password " +"changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 " +"will be assumed (which disables the restriction)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term) +#: newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means " +"warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no " +"warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:30(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) +#: groupadd.8.xml:31(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:33(para) +msgid "" +"Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by " +"useradd, groupadd, or " +"newusers." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:38(para) newusers.8.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) +#: groupadd.8.xml:38(para) +msgid "" +"The default value for (resp. " +") is 101 (resp. -1)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) +msgid "" +"Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd or newusers." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:37(para) newusers.8.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) +msgid "" +"The default value for (resp. " +") is 101 (resp. -1)." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:30(term) pwck.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(para) pwck.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"If yes, newly created tcb shadow files will be " +"group owned by the auth group." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by " +"useradd or newusers." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:39(para) newusers.8.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) +msgid "" +"The default value for (resp. (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +#: login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, " +"the mask will be initialized to 022." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:38(para) newusers.8.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) +#: login.1.xml:38(para) +msgid "" +"useradd and newusers use this mask to " +"set the mode of the home directory they create if " +"is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) +#: login.1.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"It is also used by login to define users' initial umask. " +"Note that this mask can be overridden by the user's GECOS line (if " +" is set) or by the specification of a limit with " +"the K identifier in " +"limits5." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:51(para) newusers.8.xml:51(para) login.defs.5.xml:51(para) +#: login.1.xml:51(para) +msgid "" +"It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask value." +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:733(filename) +msgid "/etc/default/useradd" +msgstr "/etc/default/useradd" + +#: useradd.8.xml:735(para) +msgid "Default values for account creation." +msgstr "Standardværdier for kontooprettelse." + +#: useradd.8.xml:739(filename) +msgid "/etc/skel/" +msgstr "/etc/skel/" + +#: useradd.8.xml:741(para) +msgid "Directory containing default files." +msgstr "Mappe indeholdende standardfiler." + +#: useradd.8.xml:789(replaceable) shadow.3.xml:58(manvolnum) +#: pwck.8.xml:326(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:466(replaceable) +#: grpck.8.xml:268(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:269(replaceable) +#: groupadd.8.xml:313(replaceable) +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: useradd.8.xml:791(para) passwd.1.xml:486(para) groupadd.8.xml:315(para) +msgid "invalid argument to option" +msgstr "Ugyldigt argument for tilvalg" + +#: useradd.8.xml:795(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:332(replaceable) +#: passwd.1.xml:472(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:274(replaceable) +#: groupmod.8.xml:275(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:319(replaceable) +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: useradd.8.xml:797(para) +msgid "UID already in use (and no )" +msgstr "UID er allerede i brug (og intet )" + +#: useradd.8.xml:803(para) groupdel.8.xml:194(para) +msgid "specified group doesn't exist" +msgstr "angivet gruppe findes ikke" + +#: useradd.8.xml:807(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:287(replaceable) +#: groupadd.8.xml:325(replaceable) +msgid "9" +msgstr "9" + +#: useradd.8.xml:809(para) +msgid "username already in use" +msgstr "brugernavn er allerede i brug" + +#: useradd.8.xml:821(para) +msgid "can't create home directory" +msgstr "kan ikke oprette hjemmemappe" + +#: useradd.8.xml:825(replaceable) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "4" +msgid "14" +msgstr "4" + +#: useradd.8.xml:827(para) +msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping" +msgstr "" + +#: useradd.8.xml:767(para) +msgid "" +"The useradd command exits with the following values: " +"" +msgstr "" +"Kommandoen useradd findes med de følgende værdier: " +"" + +#: useradd.8.xml:836(para) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "vi1, group5, " +#| "gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." +msgid "" +"chfn1, chsh1, " +"passwd1, crypt3, " +"groupadd8, groupdel8, " +"groupmod8, login.defs5, " +"newusers8, subgid5, subuid5, userdel8, usermod8." +msgstr "" +"vi1, gruppe5, " +"gshadow5login.defs5, passwd5, tcb5, shadow5." + +#: suauth.5.xml:41(contrib) pwconv.8.xml:47(contrib) +#: login.access.5.xml:42(contrib) gpasswd.1.xml:46(contrib) +msgid "Creation, 1996" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) suauth.5.xml:64(refname) +msgid "suauth" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:58(manvolnum) shadow.5.xml:58(manvolnum) +#: pwck.8.xml:338(replaceable) porttime.5.xml:58(manvolnum) +#: passwd.5.xml:58(manvolnum) passwd.1.xml:478(replaceable) +#: login.defs.5.xml:125(manvolnum) login.access.5.xml:59(manvolnum) +#: limits.5.xml:60(manvolnum) gshadow.5.xml:47(manvolnum) +#: grpck.8.xml:280(replaceable) faillog.5.xml:58(manvolnum) +msgid "5" +msgstr "5" + +#: suauth.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) shadow.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +#: porttime.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) passwd.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +#: login.defs.5.xml:126(refmiscinfo) login.access.5.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: limits.5.xml:61(refmiscinfo) gshadow.5.xml:48(refmiscinfo) +#: faillog.5.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +msgid "File Formats and Conversions" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:65(refpurpose) +msgid "detailed su control file" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:70(command) suauth.5.xml:196(filename) +msgid "/etc/suauth" +msgstr "/etc/suauth" + +#: suauth.5.xml:76(para) +msgid "" +"The file /etc/suauth is referenced whenever the su " +"command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:" +msgstr "" + +#. .RS +#: suauth.5.xml:83(literallayout) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +" 1) the user su is targeting\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#. .fi +#: suauth.5.xml:87(para) +msgid "" +"2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:92(para) +msgid "" +"The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated " +"as comment lines and ignored;" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:97(literallayout) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +" to-id:from-id:ACTION\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:101(para) +msgid "" +"Where to-id is either the word ALL, a list of usernames " +"delimited by \",\" or the words ALL EXCEPT followed by " +"a list of usernames delimited by \",\"." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:107(para) +msgid "" +"from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word " +"GROUP is recognized. ALL EXCEPT GROUP is perfectly valid too. Following GROUP " +"appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient to " +"have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in " +"/etc/group5 is necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:118(para) +msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:124(emphasis) +msgid "DENY" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:127(para) +msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:134(emphasis) +msgid "NOPASS" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:137(para) +msgid "" +"The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:145(emphasis) +msgid "OWNPASS" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:148(para) +msgid "" +"For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own " +"password. They are told this." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:156(para) +msgid "" +"Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace " +"must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially " +"line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the " +"file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise " +"as fine control as he or she wishes." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:166(title) +msgid "EXAMPLE" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:167(literallayout) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +" # sample /etc/suauth file\n" +" #\n" +" # A couple of privileged usernames may\n" +" # su to root with their own password.\n" +" #\n" +" root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n" +" #\n" +" # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n" +" # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n" +" #\n" +" root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n" +" #\n" +" # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n" +" # owned by the same person.\n" +" # Access can be arranged between them\n" +" # with no password.\n" +" #\n" +" terry:birddog:NOPASS\n" +" birddog:terry:NOPASS\n" +" #\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:203(title) pwconv.8.xml:216(title) login.defs.5.xml:531(title) +msgid "BUGS" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:204(para) +msgid "" +"There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving " +"about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning " +"and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:213(title) shadow.3.xml:208(title) +msgid "DIAGNOSTICS" +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:214(para) +msgid "" +"An error parsing the file is reported using " +"syslogd8 as level ERR on facility AUTH." +msgstr "" + +#: suauth.5.xml:223(para) +msgid "" +"su1." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:58(contrib) shadow.5.xml:41(contrib) shadow.3.xml:41(contrib) +#: porttime.5.xml:41(contrib) passwd.5.xml:41(contrib) passwd.1.xml:48(contrib) +#: login.1.xml:74(contrib) faillog.8.xml:41(contrib) faillog.5.xml:41(contrib) +msgid "Creation, 1989" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:74(refentrytitle) su.1.xml:81(refname) su.1.xml:86(command) +#: login.defs.5.xml:456(term) +msgid "su" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:76(refmiscinfo) sg.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: passwd.1.xml:66(refmiscinfo) newgrp.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +#: login.1.xml:92(refmiscinfo) groups.1.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:64(refmiscinfo) expiry.1.xml:63(refmiscinfo) +#: chsh.1.xml:62(refmiscinfo) chfn.1.xml:62(refmiscinfo) +#: chage.1.xml:60(refmiscinfo) +msgid "User Commands" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:82(refpurpose) +msgid "change user ID or become superuser" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:91(replaceable) sg.1.xml:72(arg) newgrp.1.xml:71(arg) +msgid "-" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:94(replaceable) login.1.xml:107(replaceable) +#: login.1.xml:115(replaceable) +msgid "username" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:96(replaceable) +msgid "args" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:104(para) +msgid "" +"The su command is used to become another user during a " +"login session. Invoked without a , su defaults to becoming the superuser. The option " +"may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect " +"had the user logged in directly. The option may be used " +"to treat the next argument as a command by most shells." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:114(para) +msgid "" +"Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the " +" argument to stop option parsing. The " +"option is special: it is also recognized after , but has " +"to be placed before ." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:122(para) +msgid "" +"The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords " +"will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are " +"logged to detect abuse of the system." +msgstr "" +"Brugeren vil blive spurgt om sin adgangskode, hvis det er relevant. Ugyldige " +"adgangskoder vil medføre en fejlbesked. Alle forsøg, både gyldige og " +"ugyldige, logges for at deteketere misbrug af systemet." + +#: su.1.xml:127(para) +msgid "" +"The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of " +"$PATH is reset to /bin:/usr/bin for normal " +"users, or /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin for the " +"superuser. This may be changed with the and " +" definitions in /etc/login.defs." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:136(para) login.1.xml:188(para) +msgid "" +"A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first " +"character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the " +"root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:145(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the su command are:" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:149(term) +msgid "" +",  COMMAND" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:153(para) +msgid "" +"Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its , , " +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:171(para) +msgid "" +"Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user " +"logged in directly." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:175(para) +msgid "" +"When is used, it must be specified before any " +". For portability it is recommended to use it as " +"last option, before any . The other forms ( and ) do not have this restriction." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:190(para) +msgid "The shell that will be invoked." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:198(para) +msgid "The shell specified with --shell." +msgstr "Skallen angivet med --shell." + +#: su.1.xml:201(para) +msgid "" +"If is used, the shell specified by " +"the $SHELL environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:208(para) +msgid "" +"The shell indicated in the /etc/passwd entry for the " +"target user." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:214(para) +msgid "" +"/bin/sh if a shell could not be found by any above " +"method." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:191(para) +msgid "" +"The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): " +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:219(para) +msgid "" +"If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this " +"user's entry in /etc/passwd is not listed in /" +"etc/shells), then the option or the " +"$SHELL environment variable won't be taken into account, " +"unless su is called by root." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:230(term) +msgid "" +", , or (see below);" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:250(envar) +msgid "$IFS" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:252(para) +msgid "" +"reset to <space><tab><newline>, if it was " +"set." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:235(para) +msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: " +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:261(para) +msgid "" +"If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless " +"su is called by root)." +msgstr "" +"Hvis målbrugeren har en begrænset skal, så har dette tilvalg ingen effekt " +"(med mindre su kaldes af root)." + +#: su.1.xml:270(para) +msgid "" +"The $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, " +"$LOGNAME, $PATH, and $IFS " +"environment variables are reset." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:279(para) +msgid "" +"If is not used, the environment is copied, except " +"for the variables above." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:286(para) +msgid "" +"If is used, the $TERM, " +"$COLORTERM, $DISPLAY, and $XAUTHORITY " +"environment variables are copied if they were set." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:296(para) +msgid "" +"If is used, the $TZ, $HZ, and $MAIL environment variables are set according to " +"the /etc/login.defs options , " +", , and is used, other environment variables might be " +"set by the file (see below)." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:317(para) +msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:265(para) +msgid "" +"Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: " +"" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:331(para) +msgid "" +"This version of su has many compilation options, only " +"some of which may be in use at any particular site." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names (one per " +"line) or a \":\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be allowed " +"only upon these devices." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) +msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device." +msgstr "" +"Hvis ikke defineret så vil administrator (root) være tilladt på alle enheder" + +#: su.1.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para) login.1.xml:42(para) +msgid "The device should be specified without the /dev/ prefix." +msgstr "Enheden skal angives uden præfikset /dev/." + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging in " +"on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is none. " +" Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain " +"permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. Default " +"is no." +msgstr "" +"Indiker om logind er tilladt, hvis vi ikke kan cd til hjemmemappen. " +"Standarden er nej." + +#: su.1.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) +msgid "" +"If set to yes, the user will login in the root " +"(/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#. XXX: When compiled with PAM support, only sulogin uses ENV_HZ +#: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) login.1.xml:33(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr " (streng)" + +#: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) login.1.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user " +"login. The value must be preceded by HZ=. A " +"common value on Linux is HZ=100." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:41(para) login.defs.5.xml:41(para) login.1.xml:41(para) +msgid "" +"The HZ environment variable is only set when the user (the " +"superuser) logs in with sulogin." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it. " +"Every line should be in the form name=value." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para) +msgid "Lines starting with a # are treated as comment lines and ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a " +"regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for " +"example /bin:/usr/bin) and can be preceded by " +"PATH=. The default value is PATH=/" +"bin:/usr/bin." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the " +"superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example " +"/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin) and can be " +"preceded by PATH=. The default value is " +"PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user " +"login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by TZ= (for example TZ=CST6CDT), or the " +"full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example " +"/etc/tzname)." +msgstr "" + +#. TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable +#: su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, " +"the default is to use TZ=CST6CDT." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +#: chsh.1.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +#: chsh.1.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use \"Password: " +"\", or a translation of that string. If you set this variable, the prompt " +"will not be translated." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para) +#: chsh.1.xml:39(para) chfn.1.xml:39(para) +msgid "" +"If the string contains %s, this will be replaced " +"by the user's name." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:37(para) +msgid "" +"You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail " +"(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"Enable setting of resource limits from /etc/limits and " +"ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user's passwd gecos field." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For example, " +"if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the command is \"-su" +"\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of the shell actually " +"being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"If yes, the user must be listed as a member of " +"the first gid 0 group in /etc/group (called " +"root on most Linux systems) to be able to " +"su to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is " +"empty, no one will be able to su to uid 0." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"Enable \"syslog\" logging of su activity - in addition to " +"sulog file logging." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:391(para) +msgid "" +"On success, su returns the exit value of the command it " +"executed." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:395(para) +msgid "" +"If this command was terminated by a signal, su returns " +"the number of this signal plus 128." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:399(para) +msgid "" +"If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the " +"command did not terminate in time), su returns 255." +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:411(para) +msgid "success ( only)" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:417(para) +msgid "System or authentication failure" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:421(replaceable) +msgid "126" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:423(para) +msgid "The requested command was not found" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:427(replaceable) +msgid "127" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:429(para) +msgid "The requested command could not be executed" +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:404(para) +msgid "" +"Some exit values from su are independent from the " +"executed command: " +msgstr "" + +#: su.1.xml:438(para) +msgid "" +"login1, login.defs5, " +"sg1, sh1." +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:58(refentrytitle) sg.1.xml:65(refname) sg.1.xml:71(command) +msgid "sg" +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:66(refpurpose) +msgid "execute command as different group ID" +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:74(arg) +msgid "-c" +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:73(arg) +msgid "group command" +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:82(para) +msgid "" +"The sg command works similar to newgrp " +"but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the /bin/" +"sh shell. With most shells you may run sg " +"from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in quotes. Another difference " +"between newgrp and sg is that some " +"shells treat newgrp specially, replacing themselves with " +"a new instance of a shell that newgrp creates. This " +"doesn't happen with sg, so upon exit from a sg command you are returned to your previous group ID." +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:32(term) newgrp.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:34(para) newgrp.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of sg activity." +msgstr "" + +#: sg.1.xml:141(para) +msgid "" +"id1, login1, " +"newgrp1, su1, gpasswd1, " +"group5, " +"gshadow5." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) shadow.5.xml:64(refname) +#: shadow.3.xml:57(refentrytitle) shadow.3.xml:64(refname) +#: pwck.8.xml:84(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:76(replaceable) +msgid "shadow" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:65(refpurpose) +msgid "shadowed password file" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:70(para) +msgid "" +"shadow is a file which contains the password " +"information for the system's accounts and optional aging information." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:76(para) gshadow.5.xml:64(para) +msgid "" +"This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to " +"be maintained." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:81(para) +msgid "" +"Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (:), in the following order:" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:88(emphasis) passwd.5.xml:78(para) +msgid "login name" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:90(para) +msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:96(emphasis) gshadow.5.xml:83(emphasis) +msgid "encrypted password" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:98(para) +msgid "" +"This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to " +"authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which " +"read the /etc/shadow file may decide not to permit any " +"access at all if the password field is empty." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:105(para) gshadow.5.xml:107(para) +msgid "" +"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the " +"password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the " +"password field before the password was locked." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:111(para) passwd.5.xml:126(para) gshadow.5.xml:85(para) +msgid "" +"Refer to crypt3 for details on how this string is interpreted." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:116(para) passwd.5.xml:131(para) +msgid "" +"If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of " +"crypt3, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix " +"password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:127(emphasis) +msgid "date of last password change" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:130(para) +msgid "" +"The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since " +"Jan 1, 1970." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:134(para) +msgid "" +"The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her " +"password the next time she will log in the system." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:139(para) +msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:146(emphasis) +msgid "minimum password age" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:148(para) +msgid "" +"The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait " +"before she will be allowed to change her password again." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:153(para) +msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:160(emphasis) +msgid "maximum password age" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:162(para) +msgid "" +"The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will " +"have to change her password." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:166(para) +msgid "" +"After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The " +"user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:171(para) +msgid "" +"An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password " +"warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:176(para) +msgid "" +"If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user " +"cannot change her password." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:184(emphasis) +msgid "password warning period" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:187(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum " +"password age above) during which the user should be warned." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:192(para) +msgid "" +"An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:200(emphasis) +msgid "password inactivity period" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:203(para) +msgid "" +"The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password " +"age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user " +"should update her password during the next login)." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:209(para) +msgid "" +"After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no " +"login is possible using the current user's password. The user should contact " +"her administrator." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:214(para) +msgid "" +"An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:222(emphasis) +msgid "account expiration date" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:225(para) +msgid "" +"The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since " +"Jan 1, 1970." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:229(para) +msgid "" +"Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case " +"of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of " +"a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:235(para) +msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:238(para) +msgid "" +"The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account " +"with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:246(emphasis) +msgid "reserved field" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.5.xml:248(para) +msgid "This field is reserved for future use." +msgstr "Dette felt er reserveret for fremtidig brug." + +#: shadow.5.xml:270(filename) +msgid "/etc/shadow-" +msgstr "/etc/shadow-" + +#: shadow.5.xml:272(para) +msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow." +msgstr "Sikkerhedskopi for /etc/shadow." + +#: shadow.5.xml:273(para) passwd.5.xml:178(para) +msgid "" +"Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by " +"all user and password management tools." +msgstr "" +"Bemærk at denne fil bruges af værktøjer fra shodows værktøjssæt, men ikke af " +"alle håndteringsværktøjer for brugere og adgangskoder." + +#: shadow.5.xml:284(para) +msgid "" +"chage1, login1, " +"passwd1, passwd5, " +"pwck8, pwconv8, " +"pwunconv8, su1, " +"sulogin8." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:59(refmiscinfo) +msgid "Library Calls" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:65(refname) +msgid "getspnam" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:66(refpurpose) +msgid "encrypted password file routines" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:70(title) +msgid "SYNTAX" +msgstr "SYNTAKS" + +#: shadow.3.xml:72(emphasis) +msgid "#include <shadow.h>" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:76(emphasis) +msgid "struct spwd *getspent();" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:80(emphasis) +msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:81(emphasis) +msgid "*name" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:81(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:94(emphasis) +#: shadow.3.xml:99(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:105(emphasis) +msgid ");" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:85(emphasis) +msgid "void setspent();" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:89(emphasis) +msgid "void endspent();" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:93(emphasis) +msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:94(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:105(emphasis) +msgid "*fp" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:98(emphasis) +msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:99(emphasis) +msgid "*cp" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:103(emphasis) +msgid "int putspent(struct spwd" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:104(emphasis) +msgid "*p," +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:104(emphasis) +msgid "FILE" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:109(emphasis) +msgid "int lckpwdf();" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:113(emphasis) +msgid "int ulckpwdf();" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:119(para) +msgid "" +"shadow manipulates the contents of the " +"shadow password file, /etc/shadow. The structure in the " +"#include file is:" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:124(programlisting) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"struct spwd {\n" +" char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n" +" char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n" +" long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n" +" unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n" +"}\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:136(para) +msgid "The meanings of each field are:" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:139(para) +msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:142(para) +msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:145(para) +msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:148(para) +msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed" +msgstr "sp_min - antal dage hvor adgangskode ikke må ændres" + +#: shadow.3.xml:151(para) +msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed" +msgstr "sp_max - antal dage hvorefter adgangskode skal ændres" + +#: shadow.3.xml:154(para) +msgid "" +"sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending " +"password expiration" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:159(para) +msgid "" +"sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive " +"and disabled" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:164(para) +msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled" +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:167(para) +msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use" +msgstr "sp_flag - reserveret for fremtidig brug" + +#: shadow.3.xml:175(para) +msgid "" +"getspent, getspname, " +"fgetspent, and sgetspent each " +"return a pointer to a struct spwd. getspent returns the next entry from the file, and fgetspent returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to " +"be a file of the proper format. sgetspent returns a " +"pointer to a struct spwd using the provided string as " +"input. getspnam searches from the current position in " +"the file for an entry matching name." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:188(para) +msgid "" +"setspent and endspent may be used " +"to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:194(para) +msgid "" +"The lckpwdf and ulckpwdf routines " +"should be used to insure exclusive access to the /etc/shadow file. lckpwdf attempts to acquire a lock " +"using pw_lock for up to 15 seconds. It continues by " +"attempting to acquire a second lock using spw_lock for " +"the remainder of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a " +"total of 15 seconds, lckpwdf returns -1. When both " +"locks are acquired 0 is returned." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:209(para) +msgid "" +"Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs " +"during processing. Routines which have int as the " +"return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:219(para) +msgid "" +"These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow " +"password file is restricted." +msgstr "" + +#: shadow.3.xml:239(para) +msgid "" +"getpwent3, shadow5." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) pwconv.8.xml:70(refname) +#: pwconv.8.xml:79(command) login.defs.5.xml:439(term) +msgid "pwconv" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:71(refname) pwconv.8.xml:85(command) login.defs.5.xml:448(term) +msgid "pwunconv" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:72(refname) pwconv.8.xml:91(command) login.defs.5.xml:344(term) +msgid "grpconv" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:73(refname) pwconv.8.xml:97(command) login.defs.5.xml:350(term) +msgid "grpunconv" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:74(refpurpose) +msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:106(para) +msgid "" +"The pwconv command creates shadow from passwd and an optionally " +"existing shadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:111(para) +msgid "" +"pwconv does not work with " +"enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use pwconv to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling " +"in login.defs.)" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:121(para) +msgid "" +"The pwunconv command creates passwd from passwd and " +"shadow and then removes shadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:127(para) +msgid "" +"pwunconv does not work with " +"enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using " +"tcb_unconvert, and then disable " +"in login.defs before using pwunconv." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:136(para) +msgid "" +"The grpconv command creates gshadow from group and an " +"optionally existing gshadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:142(para) +msgid "" +"The grpunconv command creates group from group and " +"gshadow and then removes gshadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:149(para) +msgid "" +"These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group " +"files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group, " +"/etc/shadow, and /etc/gshadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:156(para) +msgid "" +"Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. " +"pwconv and grpconv are similar. First, " +"entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file are removed. " +"Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password in the main file " +"are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in " +"the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial " +"conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by " +"hand." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:167(para) +msgid "" +"pwconv will use the values of PASS_MIN_DAYS, PASS_MAX_DAYS, " +"and PASS_WARN_AGE from /etc/login." +"defs when adding new entries to /etc/shadow." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:176(para) +msgid "" +"Likewise pwunconv and grpunconv are " +"similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. " +"Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left " +"alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging " +"information is lost by pwunconv. It will convert what it " +"can." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:188(para) +msgid "" +"The options which apply to the pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, and grpunconv " +"commands are:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:217(para) +msgid "" +"Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) " +"may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. " +"Please run pwck and grpck to correct " +"any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups." +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:228(para) +msgid "" +"The following configuration variable in /etc/login.defs " +"changes the behavior of grpconv and grpunconv:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:236(para) +msgid "" +"The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of pwconv:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwconv.8.xml:263(para) +msgid "" +"grpck8, login.defs5, " +"pwck8, " +"tcb_convert8, tcb_unconvert8." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:47(contrib) lastlog.8.xml:43(contrib) grpck.8.xml:42(contrib) +msgid "Creation, 1992" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:63(refentrytitle) pwck.8.xml:70(refname) pwck.8.xml:76(command) +#: login.defs.5.xml:430(term) +msgid "pwck" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:71(refpurpose) +msgid "verify integrity of password files" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:80(replaceable) passwd.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) +#: passwd.5.xml:64(refname) passwd.1.xml:64(refentrytitle) +#: passwd.1.xml:71(refname) passwd.1.xml:77(command) login.defs.5.xml:419(term) +msgid "passwd" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:93(para) +msgid "" +"The pwck command verifies the integrity of the users and " +"authentication information. It checks that all entries in /etc/" +"passwd and /etc/shadow(or the files in /etc/tcb, when have the proper format and contain valid data. " +"The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or " +"which have other uncorrectable errors." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:105(para) grpck.8.xml:94(para) +msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:108(para) grpck.8.xml:98(para) +msgid "the correct number of fields" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:111(para) +msgid "a unique and valid user name" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:114(para) +msgid "a valid user and group identifier" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:117(para) +msgid "a valid primary group" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:120(para) +msgid "a valid home directory" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:123(para) +msgid "a valid login shell" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:127(para) +msgid "" +"shadow checks are enabled when a second file parameter " +"is specified or when /etc/shadow exists on the system." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:132(para) +msgid "These checks are the following:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:137(para) +msgid "" +"every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a " +"matching passwd entry" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:143(para) +msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:146(para) +msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:149(para) +msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:152(para) +msgid "the last password changes are not in the future" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:156(para) +msgid "" +"The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If " +"the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to " +"delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all " +"further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is " +"prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All " +"other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the " +"usermod command to correct the error." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:167(para) +msgid "" +"The commands which operate on the /etc/passwd file are " +"not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. pwck " +"should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:177(para) grpck.8.xml:148(para) +msgid "" +"The and options cannot be combined." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:181(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the pwck command are:" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:204(para) +msgid "" +"Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the " +"user won't be displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:211(term) grpck.8.xml:163(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:213(para) +msgid "Execute the pwck command in read-only mode." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:231(term) grpck.8.xml:185(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:233(para) +msgid "" +"Sort entries in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow by UID." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:237(para) +msgid "This option has no effect when is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:244(para) +msgid "" +"By default, pwck operates on the files /etc/" +"passwd and /etc/shadow (or the files in /etc/tcb). The user may " +"select alternate files with the passwd and " +"shadow parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:253(para) +msgid "" +"Note that when is enabled, you cannot specify an " +"alternative shadow file. In future releases, this " +"parameter could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory." +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:322(para) +msgid "one or more bad password entries" +msgstr "" + +#: pwck.8.xml:328(para) +msgid "can't open password files" +msgstr "kan ikke åbne adgangskodefiler" + +#: pwck.8.xml:334(para) +msgid "can't lock password files" +msgstr "kan ikke låse adgangskodefiler" + +#: pwck.8.xml:340(para) +msgid "can't update password files" +msgstr "kan ikke opdatere adgangskodefiler" + +#: pwck.8.xml:346(para) +msgid "can't sort password files" +msgstr "kan ikke sortere adgangskodefiler" + +#: pwck.8.xml:304(para) +msgid "" +"The pwck command exits with the following values: " +"" +msgstr "" +"Kommandoen pwck findes med de følgende værdier: " +"" + +#: pwck.8.xml:355(para) +msgid "" +"group5, grpck8, " +"passwd5, shadow5, " +"usermod8." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:57(refentrytitle) porttime.5.xml:64(refname) +msgid "porttime" +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:65(refpurpose) +msgid "port access time file" +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:70(para) +msgid "" +"porttime contains a list of tty devices, " +"user names, and permitted login times." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:75(para) +msgid "" +"Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a " +"comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty " +"devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated " +"list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are " +"matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of " +"permitted access times." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:84(para) +msgid "" +"Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, " +"abbreviated Su, Mo, Tu, We, Th, Fr, and Sa, followed by a pair of times " +"separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation Wk may be used " +"to represent Monday thru Friday, and Al may be used to " +"indicate every day. If no days are given, Al is assumed." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:98(title) +msgid "EXAMPLES" +msgstr "EKSEMPLER" + +#: porttime.5.xml:99(para) +msgid "" +"The following entry allows access to user jfh on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:105(para) +msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700" +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:107(para) +msgid "" +"The following entries allow access only to the users root and oper on /dev/console " +"at any time. This illustrates how the /etc/porttime " +"file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would match the " +"second entry which does not permit access at any time." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:116(programlisting) +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"\n" +" console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n" +" console:*:\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:121(para) +msgid "" +"The following entry allows access for the user games on " +"any port during non-working hours." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:126(para) +msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400" +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:133(filename) logoutd.8.xml:92(filename) +msgid "/etc/porttime" +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:135(para) logoutd.8.xml:94(para) +msgid "File containing port access." +msgstr "" + +#: porttime.5.xml:143(para) login.access.5.xml:134(para) +msgid "" +"login1." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:65(refpurpose) +msgid "the password file" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:70(para) +msgid "" +"/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, " +"with seven fields delimited by colons (:). These fields are:" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:81(para) +msgid "optional encrypted password" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:84(para) +msgid "numerical user ID" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:87(para) +msgid "numerical group ID" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:90(para) +msgid "user name or comment field" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:93(para) +msgid "user home directory" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:96(para) +msgid "optional user command interpreter" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:100(para) +msgid "" +"If the password field is a lower-case x, " +"then the encrypted password is actually stored in the " +"shadow5 file instead; there must be a " +"corresponding line in the /etc/shadow file, or else the " +"user account is invalid." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:109(para) +msgid "" +"The encrypted password field may be empty, in which " +"case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. " +"However, some applications which read the /etc/passwd " +"file may decide not to permit any access at all if the " +"password field is blank." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:118(para) +msgid "" +"A password field which starts with an exclamation mark " +"means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line " +"represent the password field before the password was " +"locked." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:138(para) +msgid "" +"The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as " +"finger1." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:144(para) +msgid "" +"The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. " +"The login program uses this information to set the value " +"of the $HOME environmental variable." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:150(para) +msgid "" +"The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command " +"language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The " +"login program uses this information to set the value of " +"the $SHELL environmental variable. If this field is empty, it " +"defaults to the value /bin/sh." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:171(para) +msgid "optional encrypted password file" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:175(filename) +msgid "/etc/passwd-" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:177(para) +msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.5.xml:189(para) +msgid "" +"crypt3, getent1, " +"getpwnam3, login1, " +"passwd1, pwck8, " +"pwconv8, pwunconv8, " +"shadow5, su1, sulogin8." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:72(refpurpose) +msgid "change user password" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:89(para) +msgid "" +"The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A " +"normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the " +"superuser may change the password for any account. passwd " +"also changes the account or associated password validity period." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:98(title) +msgid "Password Changes" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:99(para) +msgid "" +"The user is first prompted for their old password, if one is present. This " +"password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The " +"user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is " +"permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:107(para) +msgid "" +"After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked " +"to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, " +"passwd refuses to change the password and exits." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:114(para) +msgid "" +"The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry " +"is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for " +"the password to be changed." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:120(para) +msgid "" +"Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, " +"passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more " +"characters from each of the following sets:" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:128(para) +msgid "lower case alphabetics" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:131(para) +msgid "digits 0 thru 9" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:134(para) +msgid "punctuation marks" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:138(para) +msgid "" +"Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill " +"characters. passwd will reject any password which is not " +"suitably complex." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:147(title) +msgid "Hints for user passwords" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:148(para) +msgid "" +"The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption " +"algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy UNIX System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More " +"recent methods are now recommended (see ). " +"The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which " +"is selected." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:157(para) +msgid "" +"Compromises in password security normally result from careless password " +"selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password " +"which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password " +"should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street " +"address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:166(para) +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en." +#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" +msgid "" +"You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" +msgstr "" +"Du kan finde råd om hvordan du vælger en god adgangskode på http://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" + +#: passwd.1.xml:175(para) +msgid "The options which apply to the passwd command are:" +msgstr "Tilvalgene som gælder for kommandoen passwd er:" + +#: passwd.1.xml:180(term) faillog.8.xml:96(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: passwd.1.xml:184(para) +msgid "" +"This option can be used only with and causes show status " +"for all users." +msgstr "" +"Dette tilvalg kan kun bruges med medfører vis status for " +"alle brugere." + +#: passwd.1.xml:191(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: passwd.1.xml:195(para) +msgid "" +"Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a " +"password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless." +msgstr "" +"Slet en brugers adgangskode (gør den tom). Dette er en hurtig måde at " +"deaktivere en adgangskode for en konto. Den vil sætte den navngivne konto " +"uden adgangskode." + +#: passwd.1.xml:203(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: passwd.1.xml:207(para) +msgid "" +"Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to " +"change their password at the user's next login." +msgstr "" +"Angiv øjeblikkelig en kontos adgangskode som udløbet. Dette kan tvinge en " +"bruger til at ændre sin adgangskode ved brugerens næste logind." + +#: passwd.1.xml:220(term) +msgid "" +",  INACTIVE" +msgstr "" +",  INAKTIV" + +#: passwd.1.xml:224(para) +msgid "" +"This option is used to disable an account after the password has been " +"expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired " +"password for INACTIVE days, the user may no " +"longer sign on to the account." +msgstr "" +"Denne indstilling bruges til at deaktivere en konto efter at adgangskoden er " +"udløbet i et antal dage. Efter at en brugerkonto har haft en udløbet " +"adgangskode for INAKTIV dage, kan brugeren ikke " +"længere logge ind på kontoen." + +#: passwd.1.xml:233(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr ", " + +#: passwd.1.xml:237(para) +msgid "" +"Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication " +"tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as " +"before." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:245(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:249(para) +msgid "" +"Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by " +"changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a " +"´!´ at the beginning of the password)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:255(para) +msgid "" +"Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to " +"login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the " +"account, administrators should use usermod --expiredate 1 " +"(this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:262(para) +msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:269(term) +msgid "" +",  MIN_DAYS" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:273(para) chage.1.xml:174(para) +msgid "" +"Set the minimum number of days between password changes to " +"MIN_DAYS. A value of zero for this field " +"indicates that the user may change their password at any time." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:291(term) +msgid "" +",  " +"REPOSITORY" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:295(para) +msgid "change password in REPOSITORY repository" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:313(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:317(para) +msgid "" +"Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 " +"fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates " +"if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has " +"a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password " +"change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning " +"period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in " +"days." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:331(term) +msgid ", " +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:335(para) +msgid "" +"Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password " +"by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before " +"using the option)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:344(term) +msgid "" +",  " +"WARN_DAYS" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:348(para) +msgid "" +"Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The " +"WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to " +"the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is " +"about to expire." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:357(term) +msgid "" +",  MAX_DAYS" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:361(para) +msgid "" +"Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After " +"MAX_DAYS, the password is required to be changed." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:366(para) chage.1.xml:195(para) +msgid "" +"Passing the number -1 as " +"MAX_DAYS will remove checking a password's " +"validity." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:378(para) +msgid "" +"Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged " +"to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:383(para) +msgid "" +"Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled " +"and they are not logged into the NIS server." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:388(para) +msgid "" +"passwd uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their " +"passwords." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) +msgid " (string)" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:32(para) chpasswd.8.xml:32(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para) +msgid "" +"This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting " +"passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:36(para) newusers.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:36(para) chpasswd.8.xml:36(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:36(para) +msgid "" +"It can take one of these values: DES (default), " +"MD5, " +"SHA256, SHA512." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:43(para) chpasswd.8.xml:43(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:43(para) +msgid "" +"Note: this parameter overrides the variable." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:47(para) passwd.1.xml:53(para) passwd.1.xml:62(para) +#: newusers.8.xml:47(para) newusers.8.xml:53(para) newusers.8.xml:62(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:47(para) login.defs.5.xml:53(para) +#: login.defs.5.xml:62(para) gpasswd.1.xml:47(para) gpasswd.1.xml:53(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:62(para) chpasswd.8.xml:47(para) chpasswd.8.xml:53(para) +#: chpasswd.8.xml:62(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:47(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(para) +#: chgpasswd.8.xml:62(para) +msgid "" +"Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of " +"user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is " +"recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:32(term) chpasswd.8.xml:32(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:34(para) chpasswd.8.xml:34(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:34(para) +msgid "" +"Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If " +"set to yes, new passwords will be encrypted using " +"the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of " +"FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings. " +"Set to no if you need to copy encrypted passwords " +"to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. Default is " +"no." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:44(para) newusers.8.xml:44(para) login.defs.5.xml:44(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:44(para) chpasswd.8.xml:44(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(para) +msgid "" +"This variable is superseded by the variable " +"or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para) +msgid "" +"This variable is deprecated. You should use ." +msgstr "" +"Denne variabel er forældet, du skal bruge ." + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr " (boolesk)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes." +msgstr "Aktiver yderligere kontroller før ændringer af adgangskode." + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (boolean)" +msgstr " (boolesk)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root." +msgstr "" +"Advar om svage adgangskoder (men tillad dem stadig) hvis du er administrator " +"(root)." + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (antal)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) +msgid "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)." +msgstr "Maksimalt antal forsøg at ændre adgangskode hvis afvist (for nemt)." + +#: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (antal)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (antal)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) +msgid "" +"Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). " +" is 8 by default. Don't change unless your " +"crypt() is better. This is ignored if set to " +"yes." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr " (antal)" + +#: passwd.1.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:31(term) chpasswd.8.xml:31(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:31(term) +msgid " (number)" +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:33(para) chpasswd.8.xml:33(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:33(para) +msgid "" +"When is set to SHA256 or SHA512, this defines the number " +"of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number " +"of rounds is not specified on the command line)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:40(para) chpasswd.8.xml:40(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:40(para) +msgid "" +"With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. " +"But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:45(para) newusers.8.xml:45(para) login.defs.5.xml:45(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:45(para) chpasswd.8.xml:45(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:45(para) +msgid "" +"If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para) +msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:52(para) newusers.8.xml:52(para) login.defs.5.xml:52(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:52(para) chpasswd.8.xml:52(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:52(para) +msgid "" +"If only one of the or " +" values is set, then this value will be " +"used." +msgstr "" + +#: passwd.1.xml:57(para) newusers.8.xml:57(para) login.defs.5.xml:57(para) +#: gpasswd.1.xml:57(para) chpasswd.8.xml:57(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:57(para) +msgid "" +"If >