path: root/man/ru/man8/usermod.8

'\" t
.\"     Title: usermod
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 01/23/2020
.\"    Manual: Команды управления системой
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1
.\"  Language: Russian
.\"
.TH "usermod" "8" "01/23/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Команды управления системой"
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.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
usermod \- изменяет учётную запись пользователя
.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
\fBusermod\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR
.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
.PP
The
\fBusermod\fR
command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&.
.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
.PP
The options which apply to the
\fBusermod\fR
command are:
.PP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
.RS 4
Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
\fB\-G\fR
option\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR
.RS 4
Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
.RS 4
The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the
\fBchfn\fR(1)
utility\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Домашний каталог нового пользователя\&.
.sp
If the
\fB\-m\fR
option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
.RS 4
The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
.sp
An empty
\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
argument will disable the expiration of the account\&.
.sp
This option requires a
/etc/shadow
file\&. A
/etc/shadow
entry will be created if there were none\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
.RS 4
Количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, чтобы учётная запись заблокировалась навсегда\&.
.sp
Если указано значение 0, то учётная запись блокируется сразу после устаревания пароля, а при значении \-1 данная возможность не используется\&.
.sp
This option requires a
/etc/shadow
file\&. A
/etc/shadow
entry will be created if there were none\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
.RS 4
Имя или числовой идентификатор новой первичной группы пользователя\&. Группа с таким именем должна существовать\&.
.sp
Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе\&.
.sp
Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
.RS 4
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
\fB\-g\fR
option\&.
.sp
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
\fB\-a\fR
option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
.RS 4
The name of the user will be changed from
\fILOGIN\fR
to
\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
.RS 4
Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
\fB\-p\fR
or
\fB\-U\fR\&.
.sp
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
to
\fI1\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
.RS 4
Переместить содержимое домашнего каталога в новое место\&.
.sp
This option is only valid in combination with the
\fB\-d\fR
(or
\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
.sp
\fBusermod\fR
will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
.RS 4
When used with the
\fB\-u\fR
option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
.RS 4
The encrypted password, as returned by
\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
.sp
\fBNote:\fR
This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
.sp
Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
.RS 4
Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя\&. Если задать пустое значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
.RS 4
Новый числовой идентификатор пользователя (UID)\&.
.sp
This value must be unique, unless the
\fB\-o\fR
option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
.sp
Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет изменён автоматически\&.
.sp
Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно изменять вручную\&.
.sp
No checks will be performed with regard to the
\fBUID_MIN\fR,
\fBUID_MAX\fR,
\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
from
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
.RS 4
Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
\fB\-p\fR
or
\fB\-L\fR\&.
.sp
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
(for example to
\fI99999\fR, or to the
\fBEXPIRE\fR
value from
/etc/default/useradd)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
.RS 4
Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
.sp
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&.
.sp
No checks will be performed with regard to
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
.RS 4
Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
.sp
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both
\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
and
\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
.sp
No checks will be performed with regard to
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
.RS 4
Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
.sp
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&.
.sp
No checks will be performed with regard to
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
.RS 4
Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
.sp
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both
\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
and
\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
.sp
No checks will be performed with regard to
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
.RS 4
Новый пользователь SELinux для пользовательского входа\&.
.sp
A blank
\fISEUSER\fR
will remove the SELinux user mapping for user
\fILOGIN\fR
(if any)\&.
.RE
.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
.PP
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
\fBusermod\fR
checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
.PP
You must change the owner of any
\fBcrontab\fR
files or
\fBat\fR
jobs manually\&.
.PP
Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно\&.
.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of this tool:
.PP
\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
.RS 4
Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
.sp
No
\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
.RS 4
Почтовый каталог\&. Данный параметр нужен для управления почтовым ящиком при изменении или удалении учётной записи пользователя\&. Если параметр не задан, то используется значение указанное при сборке\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
.RS 4
Определяет расположение почтовых файлов пользователя относительно домашнего каталога\&.
.RE
.PP
The
\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
and
\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
variables are used by
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBusermod\fR, and
\fBuserdel\fR
to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
.PP
If
\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
is set to
\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
\fBMAIL\fR
environment variable\&.
.PP
\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
.RS 4
Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group
(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
.sp
Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет\&.
.sp
Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп\&. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа\&.
.sp
Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25\&.
.sp
Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow)\&. Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
.RS 4
If
/etc/subuid
exists, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
unused group IDs from the range
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
to
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
for each new user\&.
.sp
The default values for
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
.RS 4
If
/etc/subuid
exists, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
unused user IDs from the range
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
to
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
for each new user\&.
.sp
The default values for
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
.RE
.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
.PP
/etc/group
.RS 4
содержит информацию о группах
.RE
.PP
/etc/gshadow
.RS 4
содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
.RE
.PP
/etc/login\&.defs
.RS 4
содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
.RE
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
содержит информацию о пользователях
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
.RE
.PP
/etc/subgid
.RS 4
Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/subuid
.RS 4
Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
.RE
.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
.PP
\fBchfn\fR(1),
\fBchsh\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBcrypt\fR(3),
\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
\fBuseradd\fR(8),
\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.