diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/wget.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/wget.info | 5094 |
1 files changed, 5094 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/wget.info b/doc/wget.info new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b59c06c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/wget.info @@ -0,0 +1,5094 @@ +This is wget.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from wget.texi. + +This file documents the GNU Wget utility for downloading network data. + + Copyright © 1996-2011, 2015, 2018-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover +Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU +Free Documentation License”. +INFO-DIR-SECTION Network applications +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Wget: (wget). Non-interactive network downloader. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + +File: wget.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) + +Wget 1.21 +********* + +This file documents the GNU Wget utility for downloading network data. + + Copyright © 1996-2011, 2015, 2018-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover +Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU +Free Documentation License”. + +* Menu: + +* Overview:: Features of Wget. +* Invoking:: Wget command-line arguments. +* Recursive Download:: Downloading interlinked pages. +* Following Links:: The available methods of chasing links. +* Time-Stamping:: Mirroring according to time-stamps. +* Startup File:: Wget’s initialization file. +* Examples:: Examples of usage. +* Various:: The stuff that doesn’t fit anywhere else. +* Appendices:: Some useful references. +* Copying this manual:: You may give out copies of this manual. +* Concept Index:: Topics covered by this manual. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Overview, Next: Invoking, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +1 Overview +********** + +GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from +the Web. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as +retrieval through HTTP proxies. + + This chapter is a partial overview of Wget’s features. + + • Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the + background, while the user is not logged on. This allows you to + start a retrieval and disconnect from the system, letting Wget + finish the work. By contrast, most of the Web browsers require + constant user’s presence, which can be a great hindrance when + transferring a lot of data. + + • Wget can follow links in HTML, XHTML, and CSS pages, to create + local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory + structure of the original site. This is sometimes referred to as + “recursive downloading.” While doing that, Wget respects the Robot + Exclusion Standard (‘/robots.txt’). Wget can be instructed to + convert the links in downloaded files to point at the local files, + for offline viewing. + + • File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of directories + are available when retrieving via FTP. Wget can read the + time-stamp information given by both HTTP and FTP servers, and + store it locally. Thus Wget can see if the remote file has changed + since last retrieval, and automatically retrieve the new version if + it has. This makes Wget suitable for mirroring of FTP sites, as + well as home pages. + + • Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network + connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will + keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved. If the + server supports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue + the download from where it left off. + + • Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network load, + speed up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls. Wget uses + the passive FTP downloading by default, active FTP being an option. + + • Wget supports IP version 6, the next generation of IP. IPv6 is + autodetected at compile-time, and can be disabled at either build + or run time. Binaries built with IPv6 support work well in both + IPv4-only and dual family environments. + + • Built-in features offer mechanisms to tune which links you wish to + follow (*note Following Links::). + + • The progress of individual downloads is traced using a progress + gauge. Interactive downloads are tracked using a + “thermometer”-style gauge, whereas non-interactive ones are traced + with dots, each dot representing a fixed amount of data received + (1KB by default). Either gauge can be customized to your + preferences. + + • Most of the features are fully configurable, either through command + line options, or via the initialization file ‘.wgetrc’ (*note + Startup File::). Wget allows you to define “global” startup files + (‘/usr/local/etc/wgetrc’ by default) for site settings. You can + also specify the location of a startup file with the –config + option. To disable the reading of config files, use –no-config. + If both –config and –no-config are given, –no-config is ignored. + + • Finally, GNU Wget is free software. This means that everyone may + use it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU + General Public License, as published by the Free Software + Foundation (see the file ‘COPYING’ that came with GNU Wget, for + details). + + +File: wget.info, Node: Invoking, Next: Recursive Download, Prev: Overview, Up: Top + +2 Invoking +********** + +By default, Wget is very simple to invoke. The basic syntax is: + + wget [OPTION]... [URL]... + + Wget will simply download all the URLs specified on the command line. +URL is a “Uniform Resource Locator”, as defined below. + + However, you may wish to change some of the default parameters of +Wget. You can do it two ways: permanently, adding the appropriate +command to ‘.wgetrc’ (*note Startup File::), or specifying it on the +command line. + +* Menu: + +* URL Format:: +* Option Syntax:: +* Basic Startup Options:: +* Logging and Input File Options:: +* Download Options:: +* Directory Options:: +* HTTP Options:: +* HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options:: +* FTP Options:: +* Recursive Retrieval Options:: +* Recursive Accept/Reject Options:: +* Exit Status:: + + +File: wget.info, Node: URL Format, Next: Option Syntax, Prev: Invoking, Up: Invoking + +2.1 URL Format +============== + +“URL” is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. A uniform resource +locator is a compact string representation for a resource available via +the Internet. Wget recognizes the URL syntax as per RFC1738. This is +the most widely used form (square brackets denote optional parts): + + http://host[:port]/directory/file + ftp://host[:port]/directory/file + + You can also encode your username and password within a URL: + + ftp://user:password@host/path + http://user:password@host/path + + Either USER or PASSWORD, or both, may be left out. If you leave out +either the HTTP username or password, no authentication will be sent. +If you leave out the FTP username, ‘anonymous’ will be used. If you +leave out the FTP password, your email address will be supplied as a +default password.(1) + + *Important Note*: if you specify a password-containing URL on the +command line, the username and password will be plainly visible to all +users on the system, by way of ‘ps’. On multi-user systems, this is a +big security risk. To work around it, use ‘wget -i -’ and feed the URLs +to Wget’s standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by ‘C-d’. + + You can encode unsafe characters in a URL as ‘%xy’, ‘xy’ being the +hexadecimal representation of the character’s ASCII value. Some common +unsafe characters include ‘%’ (quoted as ‘%25’), ‘:’ (quoted as ‘%3A’), +and ‘@’ (quoted as ‘%40’). Refer to RFC1738 for a comprehensive list of +unsafe characters. + + Wget also supports the ‘type’ feature for FTP URLs. By default, FTP +documents are retrieved in the binary mode (type ‘i’), which means that +they are downloaded unchanged. Another useful mode is the ‘a’ (“ASCII”) +mode, which converts the line delimiters between the different operating +systems, and is thus useful for text files. Here is an example: + + ftp://host/directory/file;type=a + + Two alternative variants of URL specification are also supported, +because of historical (hysterical?) reasons and their widespreaded use. + + FTP-only syntax (supported by ‘NcFTP’): + host:/dir/file + + HTTP-only syntax (introduced by ‘Netscape’): + host[:port]/dir/file + + These two alternative forms are deprecated, and may cease being +supported in the future. + + If you do not understand the difference between these notations, or +do not know which one to use, just use the plain ordinary format you use +with your favorite browser, like ‘Lynx’ or ‘Netscape’. + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) If you have a ‘.netrc’ file in your home directory, password will +also be searched for there. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Option Syntax, Next: Basic Startup Options, Prev: URL Format, Up: Invoking + +2.2 Option Syntax +================= + +Since Wget uses GNU getopt to process command-line arguments, every +option has a long form along with the short one. Long options are more +convenient to remember, but take time to type. You may freely mix +different option styles, or specify options after the command-line +arguments. Thus you may write: + + wget -r --tries=10 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ -o log + + The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument +may be omitted. Instead of ‘-o log’ you can write ‘-olog’. + + You may put several options that do not require arguments together, +like: + + wget -drc URL + + This is completely equivalent to: + + wget -d -r -c URL + + Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may +terminate them with ‘--’. So the following will try to download URL +‘-x’, reporting failure to ‘log’: + + wget -o log -- -x + + The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the +convention that specifying an empty list clears its value. This can be +useful to clear the ‘.wgetrc’ settings. For instance, if your ‘.wgetrc’ +sets ‘exclude_directories’ to ‘/cgi-bin’, the following example will +first reset it, and then set it to exclude ‘/~nobody’ and ‘/~somebody’. +You can also clear the lists in ‘.wgetrc’ (*note Wgetrc Syntax::). + + wget -X '' -X /~nobody,/~somebody + + Most options that do not accept arguments are “boolean” options, so +named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no (“boolean”) +variable. For example, ‘--follow-ftp’ tells Wget to follow FTP links +from HTML files and, on the other hand, ‘--no-glob’ tells it not to +perform file globbing on FTP URLs. A boolean option is either +“affirmative” or “negative” (beginning with ‘--no’). All such options +share several properties. + + Unless stated otherwise, it is assumed that the default behavior is +the opposite of what the option accomplishes. For example, the +documented existence of ‘--follow-ftp’ assumes that the default is to +_not_ follow FTP links from HTML pages. + + Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the ‘--no-’ to the +option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the ‘--no-’ +prefix. This might seem superfluous—if the default for an affirmative +option is to not do something, then why provide a way to explicitly turn +it off? But the startup file may in fact change the default. For +instance, using ‘follow_ftp = on’ in ‘.wgetrc’ makes Wget _follow_ FTP +links by default, and using ‘--no-follow-ftp’ is the only way to restore +the factory default from the command line. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Basic Startup Options, Next: Logging and Input File Options, Prev: Option Syntax, Up: Invoking + +2.3 Basic Startup Options +========================= + +‘-V’ +‘--version’ + Display the version of Wget. + +‘-h’ +‘--help’ + Print a help message describing all of Wget’s command-line options. + +‘-b’ +‘--background’ + Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is + specified via the ‘-o’, output is redirected to ‘wget-log’. + +‘-e COMMAND’ +‘--execute COMMAND’ + Execute COMMAND as if it were a part of ‘.wgetrc’ (*note Startup + File::). A command thus invoked will be executed _after_ the + commands in ‘.wgetrc’, thus taking precedence over them. If you + need to specify more than one wgetrc command, use multiple + instances of ‘-e’. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Logging and Input File Options, Next: Download Options, Prev: Basic Startup Options, Up: Invoking + +2.4 Logging and Input File Options +================================== + +‘-o LOGFILE’ +‘--output-file=LOGFILE’ + Log all messages to LOGFILE. The messages are normally reported to + standard error. + +‘-a LOGFILE’ +‘--append-output=LOGFILE’ + Append to LOGFILE. This is the same as ‘-o’, only it appends to + LOGFILE instead of overwriting the old log file. If LOGFILE does + not exist, a new file is created. + +‘-d’ +‘--debug’ + Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the + developers of Wget if it does not work properly. Your system + administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug + support, in which case ‘-d’ will not work. Please note that + compiling with debug support is always safe—Wget compiled with the + debug support will _not_ print any debug info unless requested with + ‘-d’. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for more information on how to use + ‘-d’ for sending bug reports. + +‘-q’ +‘--quiet’ + Turn off Wget’s output. + +‘-v’ +‘--verbose’ + Turn on verbose output, with all the available data. The default + output is verbose. + +‘-nv’ +‘--no-verbose’ + Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use ‘-q’ for + that), which means that error messages and basic information still + get printed. + +‘--report-speed=TYPE’ + Output bandwidth as TYPE. The only accepted value is ‘bits’. + +‘-i FILE’ +‘--input-file=FILE’ + Read URLs from a local or external FILE. If ‘-’ is specified as + FILE, URLs are read from the standard input. (Use ‘./-’ to read + from a file literally named ‘-’.) + + If this function is used, no URLs need be present on the command + line. If there are URLs both on the command line and in an input + file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to be + retrieved. If ‘--force-html’ is not specified, then FILE should + consist of a series of URLs, one per line. + + However, if you specify ‘--force-html’, the document will be + regarded as ‘html’. In that case you may have problems with + relative links, which you can solve either by adding ‘<base + href="URL">’ to the documents or by specifying ‘--base=URL’ on the + command line. + + If the FILE is an external one, the document will be automatically + treated as ‘html’ if the Content-Type matches ‘text/html’. + Furthermore, the FILE’s location will be implicitly used as base + href if none was specified. + +‘--input-metalink=FILE’ + Downloads files covered in local Metalink FILE. Metalink version 3 + and 4 are supported. + +‘--keep-badhash’ + Keeps downloaded Metalink’s files with a bad hash. It appends + .badhash to the name of Metalink’s files which have a checksum + mismatch, except without overwriting existing files. + +‘--metalink-over-http’ + Issues HTTP HEAD request instead of GET and extracts Metalink + metadata from response headers. Then it switches to Metalink + download. If no valid Metalink metadata is found, it falls back to + ordinary HTTP download. Enables ‘Content-Type: + application/metalink4+xml’ files download/processing. + +‘--metalink-index=NUMBER’ + Set the Metalink ‘application/metalink4+xml’ metaurl ordinal + NUMBER. From 1 to the total number of “application/metalink4+xml” + available. Specify 0 or ‘inf’ to choose the first good one. + Metaurls, such as those from a ‘--metalink-over-http’, may have + been sorted by priority key’s value; keep this in mind to choose + the right NUMBER. + +‘--preferred-location’ + Set preferred location for Metalink resources. This has effect if + multiple resources with same priority are available. + +‘--xattr’ + Enable use of file system’s extended attributes to save the + original URL and the Referer HTTP header value if used. + + Be aware that the URL might contain private information like access + tokens or credentials. + +‘-F’ +‘--force-html’ + When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an HTML + file. This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing + HTML files on your local disk, by adding ‘<base href="URL">’ to + HTML, or using the ‘--base’ command-line option. + +‘-B URL’ +‘--base=URL’ + Resolves relative links using URL as the point of reference, when + reading links from an HTML file specified via the + ‘-i’/‘--input-file’ option (together with ‘--force-html’, or when + the input file was fetched remotely from a server describing it as + HTML). This is equivalent to the presence of a ‘BASE’ tag in the + HTML input file, with URL as the value for the ‘href’ attribute. + + For instance, if you specify ‘http://foo/bar/a.html’ for URL, and + Wget reads ‘../baz/b.html’ from the input file, it would be + resolved to ‘http://foo/baz/b.html’. + +‘--config=FILE’ + Specify the location of a startup file you wish to use instead of + the default one(s). Use –no-config to disable reading of config + files. If both –config and –no-config are given, –no-config is + ignored. + +‘--rejected-log=LOGFILE’ + Logs all URL rejections to LOGFILE as comma separated values. The + values include the reason of rejection, the URL and the parent URL + it was found in. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Download Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: Logging and Input File Options, Up: Invoking + +2.5 Download Options +==================== + +‘--bind-address=ADDRESS’ + When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to ADDRESS on the local + machine. ADDRESS may be specified as a hostname or IP address. + This option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple IPs. + +‘--bind-dns-address=ADDRESS’ + [libcares only] This address overrides the route for DNS requests. + If you ever need to circumvent the standard settings from + /etc/resolv.conf, this option together with ‘--dns-servers’ is your + friend. ADDRESS must be specified either as IPv4 or IPv6 address. + Wget needs to be built with libcares for this option to be + available. + +‘--dns-servers=ADDRESSES’ + [libcares only] The given address(es) override the standard + nameserver addresses, e.g. as configured in /etc/resolv.conf. + ADDRESSES may be specified either as IPv4 or IPv6 addresses, + comma-separated. Wget needs to be built with libcares for this + option to be available. + +‘-t NUMBER’ +‘--tries=NUMBER’ + Set number of tries to NUMBER. Specify 0 or ‘inf’ for infinite + retrying. The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of + fatal errors like “connection refused” or “not found” (404), which + are not retried. + +‘-O FILE’ +‘--output-document=FILE’ + The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all + will be concatenated together and written to FILE. If ‘-’ is used + as FILE, documents will be printed to standard output, disabling + link conversion. (Use ‘./-’ to print to a file literally named + ‘-’.) + + Use of ‘-O’ is _not_ intended to mean simply “use the name FILE + instead of the one in the URL;” rather, it is analogous to shell + redirection: ‘wget -O file http://foo’ is intended to work like + ‘wget -O - http://foo > file’; ‘file’ will be truncated + immediately, and _all_ downloaded content will be written there. + + For this reason, ‘-N’ (for timestamp-checking) is not supported in + combination with ‘-O’: since FILE is always newly created, it will + always have a very new timestamp. A warning will be issued if this + combination is used. + + Similarly, using ‘-r’ or ‘-p’ with ‘-O’ may not work as you expect: + Wget won’t just download the first file to FILE and then download + the rest to their normal names: _all_ downloaded content will be + placed in FILE. This was disabled in version 1.11, but has been + reinstated (with a warning) in 1.11.2, as there are some cases + where this behavior can actually have some use. + + A combination with ‘-nc’ is only accepted if the given output file + does not exist. + + Note that a combination with ‘-k’ is only permitted when + downloading a single document, as in that case it will just convert + all relative URIs to external ones; ‘-k’ makes no sense for + multiple URIs when they’re all being downloaded to a single file; + ‘-k’ can be used only when the output is a regular file. + +‘-nc’ +‘--no-clobber’ + If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, + Wget’s behavior depends on a few options, including ‘-nc’. In + certain cases, the local file will be “clobbered”, or overwritten, + upon repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved. + + When running Wget without ‘-N’, ‘-nc’, ‘-r’, or ‘-p’, downloading + the same file in the same directory will result in the original + copy of FILE being preserved and the second copy being named + ‘FILE.1’. If that file is downloaded yet again, the third copy + will be named ‘FILE.2’, and so on. (This is also the behavior with + ‘-nd’, even if ‘-r’ or ‘-p’ are in effect.) When ‘-nc’ is + specified, this behavior is suppressed, and Wget will refuse to + download newer copies of ‘FILE’. Therefore, “‘no-clobber’” is + actually a misnomer in this mode—it’s not clobbering that’s + prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already preventing + clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that’s + prevented. + + When running Wget with ‘-r’ or ‘-p’, but without ‘-N’, ‘-nd’, or + ‘-nc’, re-downloading a file will result in the new copy simply + overwriting the old. Adding ‘-nc’ will prevent this behavior, + instead causing the original version to be preserved and any newer + copies on the server to be ignored. + + When running Wget with ‘-N’, with or without ‘-r’ or ‘-p’, the + decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy of a file + depends on the local and remote timestamp and size of the file + (*note Time-Stamping::). ‘-nc’ may not be specified at the same + time as ‘-N’. + + A combination with ‘-O’/‘--output-document’ is only accepted if the + given output file does not exist. + + Note that when ‘-nc’ is specified, files with the suffixes ‘.html’ + or ‘.htm’ will be loaded from the local disk and parsed as if they + had been retrieved from the Web. + +‘--backups=BACKUPS’ + Before (over)writing a file, back up an existing file by adding a + ‘.1’ suffix (‘_1’ on VMS) to the file name. Such backup files are + rotated to ‘.2’, ‘.3’, and so on, up to BACKUPS (and lost beyond + that). + +‘--no-netrc’ + Do not try to obtain credentials from ‘.netrc’ file. By default + ‘.netrc’ file is searched for credentials in case none have been + passed on command line and authentication is required. + +‘-c’ +‘--continue’ + Continue getting a partially-downloaded file. This is useful when + you want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of + Wget, or by another program. For instance: + + wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z + + If there is a file named ‘ls-lR.Z’ in the current directory, Wget + will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and + will ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal + to the length of the local file. + + Note that you don’t need to specify this option if you just want + the current invocation of Wget to retry downloading a file should + the connection be lost midway through. This is the default + behavior. ‘-c’ only affects resumption of downloads started + _prior_ to this invocation of Wget, and whose local files are still + sitting around. + + Without ‘-c’, the previous example would just download the remote + file to ‘ls-lR.Z.1’, leaving the truncated ‘ls-lR.Z’ file alone. + + If you use ‘-c’ on a non-empty file, and the server does not + support continued downloading, Wget will restart the download from + scratch and overwrite the existing file entirely. + + Beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use ‘-c’ on a file which is of + equal size as the one on the server, Wget will refuse to download + the file and print an explanatory message. The same happens when + the file is smaller on the server than locally (presumably because + it was changed on the server since your last download + attempt)—because “continuing” is not meaningful, no download + occurs. + + On the other side of the coin, while using ‘-c’, any file that’s + bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete + download and only ‘(length(remote) - length(local))’ bytes will be + downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file. This + behavior can be desirable in certain cases—for instance, you can + use ‘wget -c’ to download just the new portion that’s been appended + to a data collection or log file. + + However, if the file is bigger on the server because it’s been + _changed_, as opposed to just _appended_ to, you’ll end up with a + garbled file. Wget has no way of verifying that the local file is + really a valid prefix of the remote file. You need to be + especially careful of this when using ‘-c’ in conjunction with + ‘-r’, since every file will be considered as an "incomplete + download" candidate. + + Another instance where you’ll get a garbled file if you try to use + ‘-c’ is if you have a lame HTTP proxy that inserts a “transfer + interrupted” string into the local file. In the future a + “rollback” option may be added to deal with this case. + + Note that ‘-c’ only works with FTP servers and with HTTP servers + that support the ‘Range’ header. + +‘--start-pos=OFFSET’ + Start downloading at zero-based position OFFSET. Offset may be + expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the ‘k’ suffix, or megabytes + with the ‘m’ suffix, etc. + + ‘--start-pos’ has higher precedence over ‘--continue’. When + ‘--start-pos’ and ‘--continue’ are both specified, wget will emit a + warning then proceed as if ‘--continue’ was absent. + + Server support for continued download is required, otherwise + ‘--start-pos’ cannot help. See ‘-c’ for details. + +‘--progress=TYPE’ + Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use. Legal + indicators are “dot” and “bar”. + + The “bar” indicator is used by default. It draws an ASCII progress + bar graphics (a.k.a “thermometer” display) indicating the status of + retrieval. If the output is not a TTY, the “dot” bar will be used + by default. + + Use ‘--progress=dot’ to switch to the “dot” display. It traces the + retrieval by printing dots on the screen, each dot representing a + fixed amount of downloaded data. + + The progress TYPE can also take one or more parameters. The + parameters vary based on the TYPE selected. Parameters to TYPE are + passed by appending them to the type sperated by a colon (:) like + this: ‘--progress=TYPE:PARAMETER1:PARAMETER2’. + + When using the dotted retrieval, you may set the “style” by + specifying the type as ‘dot:STYLE’. Different styles assign + different meaning to one dot. With the ‘default’ style each dot + represents 1K, there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a + line. The ‘binary’ style has a more “computer”-like orientation—8K + dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which makes for 384K + lines). The ‘mega’ style is suitable for downloading large + files—each dot represents 64K retrieved, there are eight dots in a + cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line contains 3M). If + ‘mega’ is not enough then you can use the ‘giga’ style—each dot + represents 1M retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 32 + dots on each line (so each line contains 32M). + + With ‘--progress=bar’, there are currently two possible parameters, + FORCE and NOSCROLL. + + When the output is not a TTY, the progress bar always falls back to + “dot”, even if ‘--progress=bar’ was passed to Wget during + invocation. This behaviour can be overridden and the “bar” output + forced by using the “force” parameter as ‘--progress=bar:force’. + + By default, the ‘bar’ style progress bar scroll the name of the + file from left to right for the file being downloaded if the + filename exceeds the maximum length allotted for its display. In + certain cases, such as with ‘--progress=bar:force’, one may not + want the scrolling filename in the progress bar. By passing the + “noscroll” parameter, Wget can be forced to display as much of the + filename as possible without scrolling through it. + + Note that you can set the default style using the ‘progress’ + command in ‘.wgetrc’. That setting may be overridden from the + command line. For example, to force the bar output without + scrolling, use ‘--progress=bar:force:noscroll’. + +‘--show-progress’ + Force wget to display the progress bar in any verbosity. + + By default, wget only displays the progress bar in verbose mode. + One may however, want wget to display the progress bar on screen in + conjunction with any other verbosity modes like ‘--no-verbose’ or + ‘--quiet’. This is often a desired a property when invoking wget + to download several small/large files. In such a case, wget could + simply be invoked with this parameter to get a much cleaner output + on the screen. + + This option will also force the progress bar to be printed to + ‘stderr’ when used alongside the ‘--output-file’ option. + +‘-N’ +‘--timestamping’ + Turn on time-stamping. *Note Time-Stamping::, for details. + +‘--no-if-modified-since’ + Do not send If-Modified-Since header in ‘-N’ mode. Send + preliminary HEAD request instead. This has only effect in ‘-N’ + mode. + +‘--no-use-server-timestamps’ + Don’t set the local file’s timestamp by the one on the server. + + By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to + match those from the remote file. This allows the use of + ‘--timestamping’ on subsequent invocations of wget. However, it is + sometimes useful to base the local file’s timestamp on when it was + actually downloaded; for that purpose, the + ‘--no-use-server-timestamps’ option has been provided. + +‘-S’ +‘--server-response’ + Print the headers sent by HTTP servers and responses sent by FTP + servers. + +‘--spider’ + When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a Web “spider”, + which means that it will not download the pages, just check that + they are there. For example, you can use Wget to check your + bookmarks: + + wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html + + This feature needs much more work for Wget to get close to the + functionality of real web spiders. + +‘-T seconds’ +‘--timeout=SECONDS’ + Set the network timeout to SECONDS seconds. This is equivalent to + specifying ‘--dns-timeout’, ‘--connect-timeout’, and + ‘--read-timeout’, all at the same time. + + When interacting with the network, Wget can check for timeout and + abort the operation if it takes too long. This prevents anomalies + like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout enabled + by default is a 900-second read timeout. Setting a timeout to 0 + disables it altogether. Unless you know what you are doing, it is + best not to change the default timeout settings. + + All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as + subsecond values. For example, ‘0.1’ seconds is a legal (though + unwise) choice of timeout. Subsecond timeouts are useful for + checking server response times or for testing network latency. + +‘--dns-timeout=SECONDS’ + Set the DNS lookup timeout to SECONDS seconds. DNS lookups that + don’t complete within the specified time will fail. By default, + there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by + system libraries. + +‘--connect-timeout=SECONDS’ + Set the connect timeout to SECONDS seconds. TCP connections that + take longer to establish will be aborted. By default, there is no + connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries. + +‘--read-timeout=SECONDS’ + Set the read (and write) timeout to SECONDS seconds. The “time” of + this timeout refers to “idle time”: if, at any point in the + download, no data is received for more than the specified number of + seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted. This option + does not directly affect the duration of the entire download. + + Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection + sooner than this option requires. The default read timeout is 900 + seconds. + +‘--limit-rate=AMOUNT’ + Limit the download speed to AMOUNT bytes per second. Amount may be + expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the ‘k’ suffix, or megabytes + with the ‘m’ suffix. For example, ‘--limit-rate=20k’ will limit + the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever + reason, you don’t want Wget to consume the entire available + bandwidth. + + This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in + conjunction with power suffixes; for example, ‘--limit-rate=2.5k’ + is a legal value. + + Note that Wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate + amount of time after a network read that took less time than + specified by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the TCP + transfer to slow down to approximately the specified rate. + However, it may take some time for this balance to be achieved, so + don’t be surprised if limiting the rate doesn’t work well with very + small files. + +‘-w SECONDS’ +‘--wait=SECONDS’ + Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use + of this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by + making the requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the time + can be specified in minutes using the ‘m’ suffix, in hours using + ‘h’ suffix, or in days using ‘d’ suffix. + + Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network + or the destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough + to reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the + retry. The waiting interval specified by this function is + influenced by ‘--random-wait’, which see. + +‘--waitretry=SECONDS’ + If you don’t want Wget to wait between _every_ retrieval, but only + between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. Wget + will use “linear backoff”, waiting 1 second after the first failure + on a given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on + that file, up to the maximum number of SECONDS you specify. + + By default, Wget will assume a value of 10 seconds. + +‘--random-wait’ + Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval + programs such as Wget by looking for statistically significant + similarities in the time between requests. This option causes the + time between requests to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 * WAIT seconds, + where WAIT was specified using the ‘--wait’ option, in order to + mask Wget’s presence from such analysis. + + A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular + consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the + fly. Its author suggested blocking at the class C address level to + ensure automated retrieval programs were blocked despite changing + DHCP-supplied addresses. + + The ‘--random-wait’ option was inspired by this ill-advised + recommendation to block many unrelated users from a web site due to + the actions of one. + +‘--no-proxy’ + Don’t use proxies, even if the appropriate ‘*_proxy’ environment + variable is defined. + + *Note Proxies::, for more information about the use of proxies with + Wget. + +‘-Q QUOTA’ +‘--quota=QUOTA’ + Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be + specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with ‘k’ suffix), or + megabytes (with ‘m’ suffix). + + Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file. So if + you specify ‘wget -Q10k https://example.com/ls-lR.gz’, all of the + ‘ls-lR.gz’ will be downloaded. The same goes even when several + URLs are specified on the command-line. The quota is checked only + at the end of each downloaded file, so it will never result in a + partially downloaded file. Thus you may safely type ‘wget -Q2m -i + sites’—download will be aborted after the file that exhausts the + quota is completely downloaded. + + Setting quota to 0 or to ‘inf’ unlimits the download quota. + +‘--no-dns-cache’ + Turn off caching of DNS lookups. Normally, Wget remembers the IP + addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn’t have to repeatedly + contact the DNS server for the same (typically small) set of hosts + it retrieves from. This cache exists in memory only; a new Wget + run will contact DNS again. + + However, it has been reported that in some situations it is not + desirable to cache host names, even for the duration of a + short-running application like Wget. With this option Wget issues + a new DNS lookup (more precisely, a new call to ‘gethostbyname’ or + ‘getaddrinfo’) each time it makes a new connection. Please note + that this option will _not_ affect caching that might be performed + by the resolving library or by an external caching layer, such as + NSCD. + + If you don’t understand exactly what this option does, you probably + won’t need it. + +‘--restrict-file-names=MODES’ + Change which characters found in remote URLs must be escaped during + generation of local filenames. Characters that are “restricted” by + this option are escaped, i.e. replaced with ‘%HH’, where ‘HH’ is + the hexadecimal number that corresponds to the restricted + character. This option may also be used to force all alphabetical + cases to be either lower- or uppercase. + + By default, Wget escapes the characters that are not valid or safe + as part of file names on your operating system, as well as control + characters that are typically unprintable. This option is useful + for changing these defaults, perhaps because you are downloading to + a non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of + the control characters, or you want to further restrict characters + to only those in the ASCII range of values. + + The MODES are a comma-separated set of text values. The acceptable + values are ‘unix’, ‘windows’, ‘nocontrol’, ‘ascii’, ‘lowercase’, + and ‘uppercase’. The values ‘unix’ and ‘windows’ are mutually + exclusive (one will override the other), as are ‘lowercase’ and + ‘uppercase’. Those last are special cases, as they do not change + the set of characters that would be escaped, but rather force local + file paths to be converted either to lower- or uppercase. + + When “unix” is specified, Wget escapes the character ‘/’ and the + control characters in the ranges 0–31 and 128–159. This is the + default on Unix-like operating systems. + + When “windows” is given, Wget escapes the characters ‘\’, ‘|’, ‘/’, + ‘:’, ‘?’, ‘"’, ‘*’, ‘<’, ‘>’, and the control characters in the + ranges 0–31 and 128–159. In addition to this, Wget in Windows mode + uses ‘+’ instead of ‘:’ to separate host and port in local file + names, and uses ‘@’ instead of ‘?’ to separate the query portion of + the file name from the rest. Therefore, a URL that would be saved + as ‘www.xemacs.org:4300/search.pl?input=blah’ in Unix mode would be + saved as ‘www.xemacs.org+4300/search.pl@input=blah’ in Windows + mode. This mode is the default on Windows. + + If you specify ‘nocontrol’, then the escaping of the control + characters is also switched off. This option may make sense when + you are downloading URLs whose names contain UTF-8 characters, on a + system which can save and display filenames in UTF-8 (some possible + byte values used in UTF-8 byte sequences fall in the range of + values designated by Wget as “controls”). + + The ‘ascii’ mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values are + outside the range of ASCII characters (that is, greater than 127) + shall be escaped. This can be useful when saving filenames whose + encoding does not match the one used locally. + +‘-4’ +‘--inet4-only’ +‘-6’ +‘--inet6-only’ + Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. With ‘--inet4-only’ or + ‘-4’, Wget will only connect to IPv4 hosts, ignoring AAAA records + in DNS, and refusing to connect to IPv6 addresses specified in + URLs. Conversely, with ‘--inet6-only’ or ‘-6’, Wget will only + connect to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses. + + Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an + IPv6-aware Wget will use the address family specified by the host’s + DNS record. If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, + Wget will try them in sequence until it finds one it can connect + to. (Also see ‘--prefer-family’ option described below.) + + These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or + IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid + debugging or to deal with broken network configuration. Only one + of ‘--inet6-only’ and ‘--inet4-only’ may be specified at the same + time. Neither option is available in Wget compiled without IPv6 + support. + +‘--prefer-family=none/IPv4/IPv6’ + When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses + with specified address family first. The address order returned by + DNS is used without change by default. + + This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing + hosts that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 + networks. For example, ‘www.kame.net’ resolves to + ‘2001:200:0:8002:203:47ff:fea5:3085’ and to ‘203.178.141.194’. + When the preferred family is ‘IPv4’, the IPv4 address is used + first; when the preferred family is ‘IPv6’, the IPv6 address is + used first; if the specified value is ‘none’, the address order + returned by DNS is used without change. + + Unlike ‘-4’ and ‘-6’, this option doesn’t inhibit access to any + address family, it only changes the _order_ in which the addresses + are accessed. Also note that the reordering performed by this + option is “stable”—it doesn’t affect order of addresses of the same + family. That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses and of + all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases. + +‘--retry-connrefused’ + Consider “connection refused” a transient error and try again. + Normally Wget gives up on a URL when it is unable to connect to the + site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server + is not running at all and that retries would not help. This option + is for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear + for short periods of time. + +‘--user=USER’ +‘--password=PASSWORD’ + Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD for both FTP and + HTTP file retrieval. These parameters can be overridden using the + ‘--ftp-user’ and ‘--ftp-password’ options for FTP connections and + the ‘--http-user’ and ‘--http-password’ options for HTTP + connections. + +‘--ask-password’ + Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be + specified when ‘--password’ is being used, because they are + mutually exclusive. + +‘--use-askpass=COMMAND’ + Prompt for a user and password using the specified command. If no + command is specified then the command in the environment variable + WGET_ASKPASS is used. If WGET_ASKPASS is not set then the command + in the environment variable SSH_ASKPASS is used. + + You can set the default command for use-askpass in the ‘.wgetrc’. + That setting may be overridden from the command line. + +‘--no-iri’ + + Turn off internationalized URI (IRI) support. Use ‘--iri’ to turn + it on. IRI support is activated by default. + + You can set the default state of IRI support using the ‘iri’ + command in ‘.wgetrc’. That setting may be overridden from the + command line. + +‘--local-encoding=ENCODING’ + + Force Wget to use ENCODING as the default system encoding. That + affects how Wget converts URLs specified as arguments from locale + to UTF-8 for IRI support. + + Wget use the function ‘nl_langinfo()’ and then the ‘CHARSET’ + environment variable to get the locale. If it fails, ASCII is + used. + + You can set the default local encoding using the ‘local_encoding’ + command in ‘.wgetrc’. That setting may be overridden from the + command line. + +‘--remote-encoding=ENCODING’ + + Force Wget to use ENCODING as the default remote server encoding. + That affects how Wget converts URIs found in files from remote + encoding to UTF-8 during a recursive fetch. This options is only + useful for IRI support, for the interpretation of non-ASCII + characters. + + For HTTP, remote encoding can be found in HTTP ‘Content-Type’ + header and in HTML ‘Content-Type http-equiv’ meta tag. + + You can set the default encoding using the ‘remoteencoding’ command + in ‘.wgetrc’. That setting may be overridden from the command + line. + +‘--unlink’ + + Force Wget to unlink file instead of clobbering existing file. + This option is useful for downloading to the directory with + hardlinks. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: HTTP Options, Prev: Download Options, Up: Invoking + +2.6 Directory Options +===================== + +‘-nd’ +‘--no-directories’ + Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving + recursively. With this option turned on, all files will get saved + to the current directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up + more than once, the filenames will get extensions ‘.n’). + +‘-x’ +‘--force-directories’ + The opposite of ‘-nd’—create a hierarchy of directories, even if + one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. ‘wget -x + http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt’ will save the downloaded file to + ‘fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt’. + +‘-nH’ +‘--no-host-directories’ + Disable generation of host-prefixed directories. By default, + invoking Wget with ‘-r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/’ will create a + structure of directories beginning with ‘fly.srk.fer.hr/’. This + option disables such behavior. + +‘--protocol-directories’ + Use the protocol name as a directory component of local file names. + For example, with this option, ‘wget -r http://HOST’ will save to + ‘http/HOST/...’ rather than just to ‘HOST/...’. + +‘--cut-dirs=NUMBER’ + Ignore NUMBER directory components. This is useful for getting a + fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval + will be saved. + + Take, for example, the directory at + ‘ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/’. If you retrieve it with ‘-r’, + it will be saved locally under ‘ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/’. While + the ‘-nH’ option can remove the ‘ftp.xemacs.org/’ part, you are + still stuck with ‘pub/xemacs’. This is where ‘--cut-dirs’ comes in + handy; it makes Wget not “see” NUMBER remote directory components. + Here are several examples of how ‘--cut-dirs’ option works. + + No options -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/ + -nH -> pub/xemacs/ + -nH --cut-dirs=1 -> xemacs/ + -nH --cut-dirs=2 -> . + + --cut-dirs=1 -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/ + ... + + If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this option + is similar to a combination of ‘-nd’ and ‘-P’. However, unlike + ‘-nd’, ‘--cut-dirs’ does not lose with subdirectories—for instance, + with ‘-nH --cut-dirs=1’, a ‘beta/’ subdirectory will be placed to + ‘xemacs/beta’, as one would expect. + +‘-P PREFIX’ +‘--directory-prefix=PREFIX’ + Set directory prefix to PREFIX. The “directory prefix” is the + directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved + to, i.e. the top of the retrieval tree. The default is ‘.’ (the + current directory). + + +File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Options, Next: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Prev: Directory Options, Up: Invoking + +2.7 HTTP Options +================ + +‘--default-page=NAME’ + Use NAME as the default file name when it isn’t known (i.e., for + URLs that end in a slash), instead of ‘index.html’. + +‘-E’ +‘--adjust-extension’ + If a file of type ‘application/xhtml+xml’ or ‘text/html’ is + downloaded and the URL does not end with the regexp + ‘\.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?’, this option will cause the suffix ‘.html’ to + be appended to the local filename. This is useful, for instance, + when you’re mirroring a remote site that uses ‘.asp’ pages, but you + want the mirrored pages to be viewable on your stock Apache server. + Another good use for this is when you’re downloading CGI-generated + materials. A URL like ‘http://site.com/article.cgi?25’ will be + saved as ‘article.cgi?25.html’. + + Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every + time you re-mirror a site, because Wget can’t tell that the local + ‘X.html’ file corresponds to remote URL ‘X’ (since it doesn’t yet + know that the URL produces output of type ‘text/html’ or + ‘application/xhtml+xml’. + + As of version 1.12, Wget will also ensure that any downloaded files + of type ‘text/css’ end in the suffix ‘.css’, and the option was + renamed from ‘--html-extension’, to better reflect its new + behavior. The old option name is still acceptable, but should now + be considered deprecated. + + As of version 1.19.2, Wget will also ensure that any downloaded + files with a ‘Content-Encoding’ of ‘br’, ‘compress’, ‘deflate’ or + ‘gzip’ end in the suffix ‘.br’, ‘.Z’, ‘.zlib’ and ‘.gz’ + respectively. + + At some point in the future, this option may well be expanded to + include suffixes for other types of content, including content + types that are not parsed by Wget. + +‘--http-user=USER’ +‘--http-password=PASSWORD’ + Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD on an HTTP server. + According to the type of the challenge, Wget will encode them using + either the ‘basic’ (insecure), the ‘digest’, or the Windows ‘NTLM’ + authentication scheme. + + Another way to specify username and password is in the URL itself + (*note URL Format::). Either method reveals your password to + anyone who bothers to run ‘ps’. To prevent the passwords from + being seen, use the ‘--use-askpass’ or store them in ‘.wgetrc’ or + ‘.netrc’, and make sure to protect those files from other users + with ‘chmod’. If the passwords are really important, do not leave + them lying in those files either—edit the files and delete them + after Wget has started the download. + +‘--no-http-keep-alive’ + Turn off the “keep-alive” feature for HTTP downloads. Normally, + Wget asks the server to keep the connection open so that, when you + download more than one document from the same server, they get + transferred over the same TCP connection. This saves time and at + the same time reduces the load on the server. + + This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent + (keep-alive) connections don’t work for you, for example due to a + server bug or due to the inability of server-side scripts to cope + with the connections. + +‘--no-cache’ + Disable server-side cache. In this case, Wget will send the remote + server appropriate directives (‘Cache-Control: no-cache’ and + ‘Pragma: no-cache’) to get the file from the remote service, rather + than returning the cached version. This is especially useful for + retrieving and flushing out-of-date documents on proxy servers. + + Caching is allowed by default. + +‘--no-cookies’ + Disable the use of cookies. Cookies are a mechanism for + maintaining server-side state. The server sends the client a + cookie using the ‘Set-Cookie’ header, and the client responds with + the same cookie upon further requests. Since cookies allow the + server owners to keep track of visitors and for sites to exchange + this information, some consider them a breach of privacy. The + default is to use cookies; however, _storing_ cookies is not on by + default. + +‘--load-cookies FILE’ + Load cookies from FILE before the first HTTP retrieval. FILE is a + textual file in the format originally used by Netscape’s + ‘cookies.txt’ file. + + You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that + require that you be logged in to access some or all of their + content. The login process typically works by the web server + issuing an HTTP cookie upon receiving and verifying your + credentials. The cookie is then resent by the browser when + accessing that part of the site, and so proves your identity. + + Mirroring such a site requires Wget to send the same cookies your + browser sends when communicating with the site. This is achieved + by ‘--load-cookies’—simply point Wget to the location of the + ‘cookies.txt’ file, and it will send the same cookies your browser + would send in the same situation. Different browsers keep textual + cookie files in different locations: + + Netscape 4.x. + The cookies are in ‘~/.netscape/cookies.txt’. + + Mozilla and Netscape 6.x. + Mozilla’s cookie file is also named ‘cookies.txt’, located + somewhere under ‘~/.mozilla’, in the directory of your + profile. The full path usually ends up looking somewhat like + ‘~/.mozilla/default/SOME-WEIRD-STRING/cookies.txt’. + + Internet Explorer. + You can produce a cookie file Wget can use by using the File + menu, Import and Export, Export Cookies. This has been tested + with Internet Explorer 5; it is not guaranteed to work with + earlier versions. + + Other browsers. + If you are using a different browser to create your cookies, + ‘--load-cookies’ will only work if you can locate or produce a + cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget expects. + + If you cannot use ‘--load-cookies’, there might still be an + alternative. If your browser supports a “cookie manager”, you can + use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you’re + mirroring. Write down the name and value of the cookie, and + manually instruct Wget to send those cookies, bypassing the + “official” cookie support: + + wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: NAME=VALUE" + +‘--save-cookies FILE’ + Save cookies to FILE before exiting. This will not save cookies + that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called “session + cookies”), but also see ‘--keep-session-cookies’. + +‘--keep-session-cookies’ + When specified, causes ‘--save-cookies’ to also save session + cookies. Session cookies are normally not saved because they are + meant to be kept in memory and forgotten when you exit the browser. + Saving them is useful on sites that require you to log in or to + visit the home page before you can access some pages. With this + option, multiple Wget runs are considered a single browser session + as far as the site is concerned. + + Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session + cookies, Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget’s + ‘--load-cookies’ recognizes those as session cookies, but it might + confuse other browsers. Also note that cookies so loaded will be + treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want + ‘--save-cookies’ to preserve them again, you must use + ‘--keep-session-cookies’ again. + +‘--ignore-length’ + Unfortunately, some HTTP servers (CGI programs, to be more precise) + send out bogus ‘Content-Length’ headers, which makes Wget go wild, + as it thinks not all the document was retrieved. You can spot this + syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again and again, + each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has + closed on the very same byte. + + With this option, Wget will ignore the ‘Content-Length’ header—as + if it never existed. + +‘--header=HEADER-LINE’ + Send HEADER-LINE along with the rest of the headers in each HTTP + request. The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it must + contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain + newlines. + + You may define more than one additional header by specifying + ‘--header’ more than once. + + wget --header='Accept-Charset: iso-8859-2' \ + --header='Accept-Language: hr' \ + http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ + + Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all + previous user-defined headers. + + As of Wget 1.10, this option can be used to override headers + otherwise generated automatically. This example instructs Wget to + connect to localhost, but to specify ‘foo.bar’ in the ‘Host’ + header: + + wget --header="Host: foo.bar" http://localhost/ + + In versions of Wget prior to 1.10 such use of ‘--header’ caused + sending of duplicate headers. + +‘--compression=TYPE’ + Choose the type of compression to be used. Legal values are + ‘auto’, ‘gzip’ and ‘none’. + + If ‘auto’ or ‘gzip’ are specified, Wget asks the server to compress + the file using the gzip compression format. If the server + compresses the file and responds with the ‘Content-Encoding’ header + field set appropriately, the file will be decompressed + automatically. + + If ‘none’ is specified, wget will not ask the server to compress + the file and will not decompress any server responses. This is the + default. + + Compression support is currently experimental. In case it is + turned on, please report any bugs to ‘bug-wget@gnu.org’. + +‘--max-redirect=NUMBER’ + Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a + resource. The default is 20, which is usually far more than + necessary. However, on those occasions where you want to allow + more (or fewer), this is the option to use. + +‘--proxy-user=USER’ +‘--proxy-password=PASSWORD’ + Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD for authentication + on a proxy server. Wget will encode them using the ‘basic’ + authentication scheme. + + Security considerations similar to those with ‘--http-password’ + pertain here as well. + +‘--referer=URL’ + Include ‘Referer: URL’ header in HTTP request. Useful for + retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they + are always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only + come out properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that + point to them. + +‘--save-headers’ + Save the headers sent by the HTTP server to the file, preceding the + actual contents, with an empty line as the separator. + +‘-U AGENT-STRING’ +‘--user-agent=AGENT-STRING’ + Identify as AGENT-STRING to the HTTP server. + + The HTTP protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a + ‘User-Agent’ header field. This enables distinguishing the WWW + software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of + protocol violations. Wget normally identifies as ‘Wget/VERSION’, + VERSION being the current version number of Wget. + + However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of + tailoring the output according to the ‘User-Agent’-supplied + information. While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has + been abused by servers denying information to clients other than + (historically) Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet + Explorer. This option allows you to change the ‘User-Agent’ line + issued by Wget. Use of this option is discouraged, unless you + really know what you are doing. + + Specifying empty user agent with ‘--user-agent=""’ instructs Wget + not to send the ‘User-Agent’ header in HTTP requests. + +‘--post-data=STRING’ +‘--post-file=FILE’ + Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the specified + data in the request body. ‘--post-data’ sends STRING as data, + whereas ‘--post-file’ sends the contents of FILE. Other than that, + they work in exactly the same way. In particular, they _both_ + expect content of the form ‘key1=value1&key2=value2’, with + percent-encoding for special characters; the only difference is + that one expects its content as a command-line parameter and the + other accepts its content from a file. In particular, + ‘--post-file’ is _not_ for transmitting files as form attachments: + those must appear as ‘key=value’ data (with appropriate + percent-coding) just like everything else. Wget does not currently + support ‘multipart/form-data’ for transmitting POST data; only + ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded’. Only one of ‘--post-data’ and + ‘--post-file’ should be specified. + + Please note that wget does not require the content to be of the + form ‘key1=value1&key2=value2’, and neither does it test for it. + Wget will simply transmit whatever data is provided to it. Most + servers however expect the POST data to be in the above format when + processing HTML Forms. + + When sending a POST request using the ‘--post-file’ option, Wget + treats the file as a binary file and will send every character in + the POST request without stripping trailing newline or formfeed + characters. Any other control characters in the text will also be + sent as-is in the POST request. + + Please be aware that Wget needs to know the size of the POST data + in advance. Therefore the argument to ‘--post-file’ must be a + regular file; specifying a FIFO or something like ‘/dev/stdin’ + won’t work. It’s not quite clear how to work around this + limitation inherent in HTTP/1.0. Although HTTP/1.1 introduces + “chunked” transfer that doesn’t require knowing the request length + in advance, a client can’t use chunked unless it knows it’s talking + to an HTTP/1.1 server. And it can’t know that until it receives a + response, which in turn requires the request to have been completed + – a chicken-and-egg problem. + + Note: As of version 1.15 if Wget is redirected after the POST + request is completed, its behaviour will depend on the response + code returned by the server. In case of a 301 Moved Permanently, + 302 Moved Temporarily or 307 Temporary Redirect, Wget will, in + accordance with RFC2616, continue to send a POST request. In case + a server wants the client to change the Request method upon + redirection, it should send a 303 See Other response code. + + This example shows how to log in to a server using POST and then + proceed to download the desired pages, presumably only accessible + to authorized users: + + # Log in to the server. This can be done only once. + wget --save-cookies cookies.txt \ + --post-data 'user=foo&password=bar' \ + http://example.com/auth.php + + # Now grab the page or pages we care about. + wget --load-cookies cookies.txt \ + -p http://example.com/interesting/article.php + + If the server is using session cookies to track user + authentication, the above will not work because ‘--save-cookies’ + will not save them (and neither will browsers) and the + ‘cookies.txt’ file will be empty. In that case use + ‘--keep-session-cookies’ along with ‘--save-cookies’ to force + saving of session cookies. + +‘--method=HTTP-METHOD’ + For the purpose of RESTful scripting, Wget allows sending of other + HTTP Methods without the need to explicitly set them using + ‘--header=Header-Line’. Wget will use whatever string is passed to + it after ‘--method’ as the HTTP Method to the server. + +‘--body-data=DATA-STRING’ +‘--body-file=DATA-FILE’ + Must be set when additional data needs to be sent to the server + along with the Method specified using ‘--method’. ‘--body-data’ + sends STRING as data, whereas ‘--body-file’ sends the contents of + FILE. Other than that, they work in exactly the same way. + + Currently, ‘--body-file’ is _not_ for transmitting files as a + whole. Wget does not currently support ‘multipart/form-data’ for + transmitting data; only ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded’. In + the future, this may be changed so that wget sends the + ‘--body-file’ as a complete file instead of sending its contents to + the server. Please be aware that Wget needs to know the contents + of BODY Data in advance, and hence the argument to ‘--body-file’ + should be a regular file. See ‘--post-file’ for a more detailed + explanation. Only one of ‘--body-data’ and ‘--body-file’ should be + specified. + + If Wget is redirected after the request is completed, Wget will + suspend the current method and send a GET request till the + redirection is completed. This is true for all redirection + response codes except 307 Temporary Redirect which is used to + explicitly specify that the request method should _not_ change. + Another exception is when the method is set to ‘POST’, in which + case the redirection rules specified under ‘--post-data’ are + followed. + +‘--content-disposition’ + + If this is set to on, experimental (not fully-functional) support + for ‘Content-Disposition’ headers is enabled. This can currently + result in extra round-trips to the server for a ‘HEAD’ request, and + is known to suffer from a few bugs, which is why it is not + currently enabled by default. + + This option is useful for some file-downloading CGI programs that + use ‘Content-Disposition’ headers to describe what the name of a + downloaded file should be. + + When combined with ‘--metalink-over-http’ and + ‘--trust-server-names’, a ‘Content-Type: application/metalink4+xml’ + file is named using the ‘Content-Disposition’ filename field, if + available. + +‘--content-on-error’ + + If this is set to on, wget will not skip the content when the + server responds with a http status code that indicates error. + +‘--trust-server-names’ + + If this is set, on a redirect, the local file name will be based on + the redirection URL. By default the local file name is based on the + original URL. When doing recursive retrieving this can be helpful + because in many web sites redirected URLs correspond to an + underlying file structure, while link URLs do not. + +‘--auth-no-challenge’ + + If this option is given, Wget will send Basic HTTP authentication + information (plaintext username and password) for all requests, + just like Wget 1.10.2 and prior did by default. + + Use of this option is not recommended, and is intended only to + support some few obscure servers, which never send HTTP + authentication challenges, but accept unsolicited auth info, say, + in addition to form-based authentication. + +‘--retry-on-host-error’ + Consider host errors, such as “Temporary failure in name + resolution”, as non-fatal, transient errors. + +‘--retry-on-http-error=CODE[,CODE,...]’ + Consider given HTTP response codes as non-fatal, transient errors. + Supply a comma-separated list of 3-digit HTTP response codes as + argument. Useful to work around special circumstances where + retries are required, but the server responds with an error code + normally not retried by Wget. Such errors might be 503 (Service + Unavailable) and 429 (Too Many Requests). Retries enabled by this + option are performed subject to the normal retry timing and retry + count limitations of Wget. + + Using this option is intended to support special use cases only and + is generally not recommended, as it can force retries even in cases + where the server is actually trying to decrease its load. Please + use wisely and only if you know what you are doing. + + +File: wget.info, Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Next: FTP Options, Prev: HTTP Options, Up: Invoking + +2.8 HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options +=========================== + +To support encrypted HTTP (HTTPS) downloads, Wget must be compiled with +an external SSL library. The current default is GnuTLS. In addition, +Wget also supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security). If Wget is +compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available. + +‘--secure-protocol=PROTOCOL’ + Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are ‘auto’, + ‘SSLv2’, ‘SSLv3’, ‘TLSv1’, ‘TLSv1_1’, ‘TLSv1_2’, ‘TLSv1_3’ and + ‘PFS’. If ‘auto’ is used, the SSL library is given the liberty of + choosing the appropriate protocol automatically, which is achieved + by sending a TLSv1 greeting. This is the default. + + Specifying ‘SSLv2’, ‘SSLv3’, ‘TLSv1’, ‘TLSv1_1’, ‘TLSv1_2’ or + ‘TLSv1_3’ forces the use of the corresponding protocol. This is + useful when talking to old and buggy SSL server implementations + that make it hard for the underlying SSL library to choose the + correct protocol version. Fortunately, such servers are quite + rare. + + Specifying ‘PFS’ enforces the use of the so-called Perfect Forward + Security cipher suites. In short, PFS adds security by creating a + one-time key for each SSL connection. It has a bit more CPU impact + on client and server. We use known to be secure ciphers (e.g. no + MD4) and the TLS protocol. This mode also explicitly excludes + non-PFS key exchange methods, such as RSA. + +‘--https-only’ + When in recursive mode, only HTTPS links are followed. + +‘--ciphers’ + Set the cipher list string. Typically this string sets the cipher + suites and other SSL/TLS options that the user wish should be used, + in a set order of preference (GnuTLS calls it ’priority string’). + This string will be fed verbatim to the SSL/TLS engine (OpenSSL or + GnuTLS) and hence its format and syntax is dependent on that. Wget + will not process or manipulate it in any way. Refer to the OpenSSL + or GnuTLS documentation for more information. + +‘--no-check-certificate’ + Don’t check the server certificate against the available + certificate authorities. Also don’t require the URL host name to + match the common name presented by the certificate. + + As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server’s certificate + against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL + handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails. + Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break + interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget + versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or + otherwise invalid certificates. This option forces an “insecure” + mode of operation that turns the certificate verification errors + into warnings and allows you to proceed. + + If you encounter “certificate verification” errors or ones saying + that “common name doesn’t match requested host name”, you can use + this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the + download. _Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of + the site’s authenticity, or if you really don’t care about the + validity of its certificate._ It is almost always a bad idea not + to check the certificates when transmitting confidential or + important data. For self-signed/internal certificates, you should + download the certificate and verify against that instead of forcing + this insecure mode. If you are really sure of not desiring any + certificate verification, you can specify –check-certificate=quiet + to tell wget to not print any warning about invalid certificates, + albeit in most cases this is the wrong thing to do. + +‘--certificate=FILE’ + Use the client certificate stored in FILE. This is needed for + servers that are configured to require certificates from the + clients that connect to them. Normally a certificate is not + required and this switch is optional. + +‘--certificate-type=TYPE’ + Specify the type of the client certificate. Legal values are ‘PEM’ + (assumed by default) and ‘DER’, also known as ‘ASN1’. + +‘--private-key=FILE’ + Read the private key from FILE. This allows you to provide the + private key in a file separate from the certificate. + +‘--private-key-type=TYPE’ + Specify the type of the private key. Accepted values are ‘PEM’ + (the default) and ‘DER’. + +‘--ca-certificate=FILE’ + Use FILE as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities + (“CA”) to verify the peers. The certificates must be in PEM + format. + + Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the + system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time. + +‘--ca-directory=DIRECTORY’ + Specifies directory containing CA certificates in PEM format. Each + file contains one CA certificate, and the file name is based on a + hash value derived from the certificate. This is achieved by + processing a certificate directory with the ‘c_rehash’ utility + supplied with OpenSSL. Using ‘--ca-directory’ is more efficient + than ‘--ca-certificate’ when many certificates are installed + because it allows Wget to fetch certificates on demand. + + Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the + system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time. + +‘--crl-file=FILE’ + Specifies a CRL file in FILE. This is needed for certificates that + have been revocated by the CAs. + +‘--pinnedpubkey=file/hashes’ + Tells wget to use the specified public key file (or hashes) to + verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which contains a + single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number of base64 + encoded sha256 hashes preceded by “sha256//” and separated by “;” + + When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a + certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted + from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the public + key(s) provided to this option, wget will abort the connection + before sending or receiving any data. + +‘--random-file=FILE’ + [OpenSSL and LibreSSL only] Use FILE as the source of random data + for seeding the pseudo-random number generator on systems without + ‘/dev/urandom’. + + On such systems the SSL library needs an external source of + randomness to initialize. Randomness may be provided by EGD (see + ‘--egd-file’ below) or read from an external source specified by + the user. If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random + data in ‘$RANDFILE’ or, if that is unset, in ‘$HOME/.rnd’. + + If you’re getting the “Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL.” + error, you should provide random data using some of the methods + described above. + +‘--egd-file=FILE’ + [OpenSSL only] Use FILE as the EGD socket. EGD stands for “Entropy + Gathering Daemon”, a user-space program that collects data from + various unpredictable system sources and makes it available to + other programs that might need it. Encryption software, such as + the SSL library, needs sources of non-repeating randomness to seed + the random number generator used to produce cryptographically + strong keys. + + OpenSSL allows the user to specify his own source of entropy using + the ‘RAND_FILE’ environment variable. If this variable is unset, + or if the specified file does not produce enough randomness, + OpenSSL will read random data from EGD socket specified using this + option. + + If this option is not specified (and the equivalent startup command + is not used), EGD is never contacted. EGD is not needed on modern + Unix systems that support ‘/dev/urandom’. + +‘--no-hsts’ + Wget supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security, RFC 6797) by + default. Use ‘--no-hsts’ to make Wget act as a non-HSTS-compliant + UA. As a consequence, Wget would ignore all the + ‘Strict-Transport-Security’ headers, and would not enforce any + existing HSTS policy. + +‘--hsts-file=FILE’ + By default, Wget stores its HSTS database in ‘~/.wget-hsts’. You + can use ‘--hsts-file’ to override this. Wget will use the supplied + file as the HSTS database. Such file must conform to the correct + HSTS database format used by Wget. If Wget cannot parse the + provided file, the behaviour is unspecified. + + The Wget’s HSTS database is a plain text file. Each line contains + an HSTS entry (ie. a site that has issued a + ‘Strict-Transport-Security’ header and that therefore has specified + a concrete HSTS policy to be applied). Lines starting with a dash + (‘#’) are ignored by Wget. Please note that in spite of this + convenient human-readability hand-hacking the HSTS database is + generally not a good idea. + + An HSTS entry line consists of several fields separated by one or + more whitespace: + + ‘<hostname> SP [<port>] SP <include subdomains> SP <created> SP + <max-age>’ + + The HOSTNAME and PORT fields indicate the hostname and port to + which the given HSTS policy applies. The PORT field may be zero, + and it will, in most of the cases. That means that the port number + will not be taken into account when deciding whether such HSTS + policy should be applied on a given request (only the hostname will + be evaluated). When PORT is different to zero, both the target + hostname and the port will be evaluated and the HSTS policy will + only be applied if both of them match. This feature has been + included for testing/development purposes only. The Wget testsuite + (in ‘testenv/’) creates HSTS databases with explicit ports with the + purpose of ensuring Wget’s correct behaviour. Applying HSTS + policies to ports other than the default ones is discouraged by RFC + 6797 (see Appendix B "Differences between HSTS Policy and + Same-Origin Policy"). Thus, this functionality should not be used + in production environments and PORT will typically be zero. The + last three fields do what they are expected to. The field + INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS can either be ‘1’ or ‘0’ and it signals whether + the subdomains of the target domain should be part of the given + HSTS policy as well. The CREATED and MAX-AGE fields hold the + timestamp values of when such entry was created (first seen by + Wget) and the HSTS-defined value ’max-age’, which states how long + should that HSTS policy remain active, measured in seconds elapsed + since the timestamp stored in CREATED. Once that time has passed, + that HSTS policy will no longer be valid and will eventually be + removed from the database. + + If you supply your own HSTS database via ‘--hsts-file’, be aware + that Wget may modify the provided file if any change occurs between + the HSTS policies requested by the remote servers and those in the + file. When Wget exits, it effectively updates the HSTS database by + rewriting the database file with the new entries. + + If the supplied file does not exist, Wget will create one. This + file will contain the new HSTS entries. If no HSTS entries were + generated (no ‘Strict-Transport-Security’ headers were sent by any + of the servers) then no file will be created, not even an empty + one. This behaviour applies to the default database file + (‘~/.wget-hsts’) as well: it will not be created until some server + enforces an HSTS policy. + + Care is taken not to override possible changes made by other Wget + processes at the same time over the HSTS database. Before dumping + the updated HSTS entries on the file, Wget will re-read it and + merge the changes. + + Using a custom HSTS database and/or modifying an existing one is + discouraged. For more information about the potential security + threats arose from such practice, see section 14 "Security + Considerations" of RFC 6797, specially section 14.9 "Creative + Manipulation of HSTS Policy Store". + +‘--warc-file=FILE’ + Use FILE as the destination WARC file. + +‘--warc-header=STRING’ + Use STRING into as the warcinfo record. + +‘--warc-max-size=SIZE’ + Set the maximum size of the WARC files to SIZE. + +‘--warc-cdx’ + Write CDX index files. + +‘--warc-dedup=FILE’ + Do not store records listed in this CDX file. + +‘--no-warc-compression’ + Do not compress WARC files with GZIP. + +‘--no-warc-digests’ + Do not calculate SHA1 digests. + +‘--no-warc-keep-log’ + Do not store the log file in a WARC record. + +‘--warc-tempdir=DIR’ + Specify the location for temporary files created by the WARC + writer. + + +File: wget.info, Node: FTP Options, Next: Recursive Retrieval Options, Prev: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Up: Invoking + +2.9 FTP Options +=============== + +‘--ftp-user=USER’ +‘--ftp-password=PASSWORD’ + Specify the username USER and password PASSWORD on an FTP server. + Without this, or the corresponding startup option, the password + defaults to ‘-wget@’, normally used for anonymous FTP. + + Another way to specify username and password is in the URL itself + (*note URL Format::). Either method reveals your password to + anyone who bothers to run ‘ps’. To prevent the passwords from + being seen, store them in ‘.wgetrc’ or ‘.netrc’, and make sure to + protect those files from other users with ‘chmod’. If the + passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those + files either—edit the files and delete them after Wget has started + the download. + +‘--no-remove-listing’ + Don’t remove the temporary ‘.listing’ files generated by FTP + retrievals. Normally, these files contain the raw directory + listings received from FTP servers. Not removing them can be + useful for debugging purposes, or when you want to be able to + easily check on the contents of remote server directories (e.g. to + verify that a mirror you’re running is complete). + + Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename for this + file, this is not a security hole in the scenario of a user making + ‘.listing’ a symbolic link to ‘/etc/passwd’ or something and asking + ‘root’ to run Wget in his or her directory. Depending on the + options used, either Wget will refuse to write to ‘.listing’, + making the globbing/recursion/time-stamping operation fail, or the + symbolic link will be deleted and replaced with the actual + ‘.listing’ file, or the listing will be written to a + ‘.listing.NUMBER’ file. + + Even though this situation isn’t a problem, though, ‘root’ should + never run Wget in a non-trusted user’s directory. A user could do + something as simple as linking ‘index.html’ to ‘/etc/passwd’ and + asking ‘root’ to run Wget with ‘-N’ or ‘-r’ so the file will be + overwritten. + +‘--no-glob’ + Turn off FTP globbing. Globbing refers to the use of shell-like + special characters (“wildcards”), like ‘*’, ‘?’, ‘[’ and ‘]’ to + retrieve more than one file from the same directory at once, like: + + wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg + + By default, globbing will be turned on if the URL contains a + globbing character. This option may be used to turn globbing on or + off permanently. + + You may have to quote the URL to protect it from being expanded by + your shell. Globbing makes Wget look for a directory listing, + which is system-specific. This is why it currently works only with + Unix FTP servers (and the ones emulating Unix ‘ls’ output). + +‘--no-passive-ftp’ + Disable the use of the “passive” FTP transfer mode. Passive FTP + mandates that the client connect to the server to establish the + data connection rather than the other way around. + + If the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive + and active FTP should work equally well. Behind most firewall and + NAT configurations passive FTP has a better chance of working. + However, in some rare firewall configurations, active FTP actually + works when passive FTP doesn’t. If you suspect this to be the + case, use this option, or set ‘passive_ftp=off’ in your init file. + +‘--preserve-permissions’ + Preserve remote file permissions instead of permissions set by + umask. + +‘--retr-symlinks’ + By default, when retrieving FTP directories recursively and a + symbolic link is encountered, the symbolic link is traversed and + the pointed-to files are retrieved. Currently, Wget does not + traverse symbolic links to directories to download them + recursively, though this feature may be added in the future. + + When ‘--retr-symlinks=no’ is specified, the linked-to file is not + downloaded. Instead, a matching symbolic link is created on the + local filesystem. The pointed-to file will not be retrieved unless + this recursive retrieval would have encountered it separately and + downloaded it anyway. This option poses a security risk where a + malicious FTP Server may cause Wget to write to files outside of + the intended directories through a specially crafted .LISTING file. + + Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory) because it was + specified on the command-line, rather than because it was recursed + to, this option has no effect. Symbolic links are always traversed + in this case. + +2.10 FTPS Options +================= + +‘--ftps-implicit’ + This option tells Wget to use FTPS implicitly. Implicit FTPS + consists of initializing SSL/TLS from the very beginning of the + control connection. This option does not send an ‘AUTH TLS’ + command: it assumes the server speaks FTPS and directly starts an + SSL/TLS connection. If the attempt is successful, the session + continues just like regular FTPS (‘PBSZ’ and ‘PROT’ are sent, + etc.). Implicit FTPS is no longer a requirement for FTPS + implementations, and thus many servers may not support it. If + ‘--ftps-implicit’ is passed and no explicit port number specified, + the default port for implicit FTPS, 990, will be used, instead of + the default port for the "normal" (explicit) FTPS which is the same + as that of FTP, 21. + +‘--no-ftps-resume-ssl’ + Do not resume the SSL/TLS session in the data channel. When + starting a data connection, Wget tries to resume the SSL/TLS + session previously started in the control connection. SSL/TLS + session resumption avoids performing an entirely new handshake by + reusing the SSL/TLS parameters of a previous session. Typically, + the FTPS servers want it that way, so Wget does this by default. + Under rare circumstances however, one might want to start an + entirely new SSL/TLS session in every data connection. This is + what ‘--no-ftps-resume-ssl’ is for. + +‘--ftps-clear-data-connection’ + All the data connections will be in plain text. Only the control + connection will be under SSL/TLS. Wget will send a ‘PROT C’ command + to achieve this, which must be approved by the server. + +‘--ftps-fallback-to-ftp’ + Fall back to FTP if FTPS is not supported by the target server. + For security reasons, this option is not asserted by default. The + default behaviour is to exit with an error. If a server does not + successfully reply to the initial ‘AUTH TLS’ command, or in the + case of implicit FTPS, if the initial SSL/TLS connection attempt is + rejected, it is considered that such server does not support FTPS. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Retrieval Options, Next: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Prev: FTP Options, Up: Invoking + +2.11 Recursive Retrieval Options +================================ + +‘-r’ +‘--recursive’ + Turn on recursive retrieving. *Note Recursive Download::, for more + details. The default maximum depth is 5. + +‘-l DEPTH’ +‘--level=DEPTH’ + Set the maximum number of subdirectories that Wget will recurse + into to DEPTH. In order to prevent one from accidentally + downloading very large websites when using recursion this is + limited to a depth of 5 by default, i.e., it will traverse at most + 5 directories deep starting from the provided URL. Set ‘-l 0’ or + ‘-l inf’ for infinite recursion depth. + + wget -r -l 0 http://SITE/1.html + + Ideally, one would expect this to download just ‘1.html’. but + unfortunately this is not the case, because ‘-l 0’ is equivalent to + ‘-l inf’—that is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML + page (or a handful of them), specify them all on the command line + and leave away ‘-r’ and ‘-l’. To download the essential items to + view a single HTML page, see ‘page requisites’. + +‘--delete-after’ + This option tells Wget to delete every single file it downloads, + _after_ having done so. It is useful for pre-fetching popular + pages through a proxy, e.g.: + + wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/ + + The ‘-r’ option is to retrieve recursively, and ‘-nd’ to not create + directories. + + Note that ‘--delete-after’ deletes files on the local machine. It + does not issue the ‘DELE’ command to remote FTP sites, for + instance. Also note that when ‘--delete-after’ is specified, + ‘--convert-links’ is ignored, so ‘.orig’ files are simply not + created in the first place. + +‘-k’ +‘--convert-links’ + After the download is complete, convert the links in the document + to make them suitable for local viewing. This affects not only the + visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to + external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets, + hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc. + + Each link will be changed in one of the two ways: + + • The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be + changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link. + + Example: if the downloaded file ‘/foo/doc.html’ links to + ‘/bar/img.gif’, also downloaded, then the link in ‘doc.html’ + will be modified to point to ‘../bar/img.gif’. This kind of + transformation works reliably for arbitrary combinations of + directories. + + • The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will + be changed to include host name and absolute path of the + location they point to. + + Example: if the downloaded file ‘/foo/doc.html’ links to + ‘/bar/img.gif’ (or to ‘../bar/img.gif’), then the link in + ‘doc.html’ will be modified to point to + ‘http://HOSTNAME/bar/img.gif’. + + Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file + was downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was + not downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address + rather than presenting a broken link. The fact that the former + links are converted to relative links ensures that you can move the + downloaded hierarchy to another directory. + + Note that only at the end of the download can Wget know which links + have been downloaded. Because of that, the work done by ‘-k’ will + be performed at the end of all the downloads. + +‘--convert-file-only’ + This option converts only the filename part of the URLs, leaving + the rest of the URLs untouched. This filename part is sometimes + referred to as the "basename", although we avoid that term here in + order not to cause confusion. + + It works particularly well in conjunction with + ‘--adjust-extension’, although this coupling is not enforced. It + proves useful to populate Internet caches with files downloaded + from different hosts. + + Example: if some link points to ‘//foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz’ with + ‘--adjust-extension’ asserted and its local destination is intended + to be ‘./foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css’, then the link would be converted + to ‘//foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css’. Note that only the filename part + has been modified. The rest of the URL has been left untouched, + including the net path (‘//’) which would otherwise be processed by + Wget and converted to the effective scheme (ie. ‘http://’). + +‘-K’ +‘--backup-converted’ + When converting a file, back up the original version with a ‘.orig’ + suffix. Affects the behavior of ‘-N’ (*note HTTP Time-Stamping + Internals::). + +‘-m’ +‘--mirror’ + Turn on options suitable for mirroring. This option turns on + recursion and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth and + keeps FTP directory listings. It is currently equivalent to ‘-r -N + -l inf --no-remove-listing’. + +‘-p’ +‘--page-requisites’ + This option causes Wget to download all the files that are + necessary to properly display a given HTML page. This includes + such things as inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets. + + Ordinarily, when downloading a single HTML page, any requisite + documents that may be needed to display it properly are not + downloaded. Using ‘-r’ together with ‘-l’ can help, but since Wget + does not ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined + documents, one is generally left with “leaf documents” that are + missing their requisites. + + For instance, say document ‘1.html’ contains an ‘<IMG>’ tag + referencing ‘1.gif’ and an ‘<A>’ tag pointing to external document + ‘2.html’. Say that ‘2.html’ is similar but that its image is + ‘2.gif’ and it links to ‘3.html’. Say this continues up to some + arbitrarily high number. + + If one executes the command: + + wget -r -l 2 http://SITE/1.html + + then ‘1.html’, ‘1.gif’, ‘2.html’, ‘2.gif’, and ‘3.html’ will be + downloaded. As you can see, ‘3.html’ is without its requisite + ‘3.gif’ because Wget is simply counting the number of hops (up to + 2) away from ‘1.html’ in order to determine where to stop the + recursion. However, with this command: + + wget -r -l 2 -p http://SITE/1.html + + all the above files _and_ ‘3.html’’s requisite ‘3.gif’ will be + downloaded. Similarly, + + wget -r -l 1 -p http://SITE/1.html + + will cause ‘1.html’, ‘1.gif’, ‘2.html’, and ‘2.gif’ to be + downloaded. One might think that: + + wget -r -l 0 -p http://SITE/1.html + + would download just ‘1.html’ and ‘1.gif’, but unfortunately this is + not the case, because ‘-l 0’ is equivalent to ‘-l inf’—that is, + infinite recursion. To download a single HTML page (or a handful + of them, all specified on the command-line or in a ‘-i’ URL input + file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off ‘-r’ and + ‘-l’: + + wget -p http://SITE/1.html + + Note that Wget will behave as if ‘-r’ had been specified, but only + that single page and its requisites will be downloaded. Links from + that page to external documents will not be followed. Actually, to + download a single page and all its requisites (even if they exist + on separate websites), and make sure the lot displays properly + locally, this author likes to use a few options in addition to + ‘-p’: + + wget -E -H -k -K -p http://SITE/DOCUMENT + + To finish off this topic, it’s worth knowing that Wget’s idea of an + external document link is any URL specified in an ‘<A>’ tag, an + ‘<AREA>’ tag, or a ‘<LINK>’ tag other than ‘<LINK + REL="stylesheet">’. + +‘--strict-comments’ + Turn on strict parsing of HTML comments. The default is to + terminate comments at the first occurrence of ‘-->’. + + According to specifications, HTML comments are expressed as SGML + “declarations”. Declaration is special markup that begins with + ‘<!’ and ends with ‘>’, such as ‘<!DOCTYPE ...>’, that may contain + comments between a pair of ‘--’ delimiters. HTML comments are + “empty declarations”, SGML declarations without any non-comment + text. Therefore, ‘<!--foo-->’ is a valid comment, and so is + ‘<!--one-- --two-->’, but ‘<!--1--2-->’ is not. + + On the other hand, most HTML writers don’t perceive comments as + anything other than text delimited with ‘<!--’ and ‘-->’, which is + not quite the same. For example, something like ‘<!------------>’ + works as a valid comment as long as the number of dashes is a + multiple of four (!). If not, the comment technically lasts until + the next ‘--’, which may be at the other end of the document. + Because of this, many popular browsers completely ignore the + specification and implement what users have come to expect: + comments delimited with ‘<!--’ and ‘-->’. + + Until version 1.9, Wget interpreted comments strictly, which + resulted in missing links in many web pages that displayed fine in + browsers, but had the misfortune of containing non-compliant + comments. Beginning with version 1.9, Wget has joined the ranks of + clients that implements “naive” comments, terminating each comment + at the first occurrence of ‘-->’. + + If, for whatever reason, you want strict comment parsing, use this + option to turn it on. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Next: Exit Status, Prev: Recursive Retrieval Options, Up: Invoking + +2.12 Recursive Accept/Reject Options +==================================== + +‘-A ACCLIST --accept ACCLIST’ +‘-R REJLIST --reject REJLIST’ + Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to + accept or reject (*note Types of Files::). Note that if any of the + wildcard characters, ‘*’, ‘?’, ‘[’ or ‘]’, appear in an element of + ACCLIST or REJLIST, it will be treated as a pattern, rather than a + suffix. In this case, you have to enclose the pattern into quotes + to prevent your shell from expanding it, like in ‘-A "*.mp3"’ or + ‘-A '*.mp3'’. + +‘--accept-regex URLREGEX’ +‘--reject-regex URLREGEX’ + Specify a regular expression to accept or reject the complete URL. + +‘--regex-type REGEXTYPE’ + Specify the regular expression type. Possible types are ‘posix’ or + ‘pcre’. Note that to be able to use ‘pcre’ type, wget has to be + compiled with libpcre support. + +‘-D DOMAIN-LIST’ +‘--domains=DOMAIN-LIST’ + Set domains to be followed. DOMAIN-LIST is a comma-separated list + of domains. Note that it does _not_ turn on ‘-H’. + +‘--exclude-domains DOMAIN-LIST’ + Specify the domains that are _not_ to be followed (*note Spanning + Hosts::). + +‘--follow-ftp’ + Follow FTP links from HTML documents. Without this option, Wget + will ignore all the FTP links. + +‘--follow-tags=LIST’ + Wget has an internal table of HTML tag / attribute pairs that it + considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive + retrieval. If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be + considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a + comma-separated LIST with this option. + +‘--ignore-tags=LIST’ + This is the opposite of the ‘--follow-tags’ option. To skip + certain HTML tags when recursively looking for documents to + download, specify them in a comma-separated LIST. + + In the past, this option was the best bet for downloading a single + page and its requisites, using a command-line like: + + wget --ignore-tags=a,area -H -k -K -r http://SITE/DOCUMENT + + However, the author of this option came across a page with tags + like ‘<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">’ and came to the realization that + specifying tags to ignore was not enough. One can’t just tell Wget + to ignore ‘<LINK>’, because then stylesheets will not be + downloaded. Now the best bet for downloading a single page and its + requisites is the dedicated ‘--page-requisites’ option. + +‘--ignore-case’ + Ignore case when matching files and directories. This influences + the behavior of -R, -A, -I, and -X options, as well as globbing + implemented when downloading from FTP sites. For example, with + this option, ‘-A "*.txt"’ will match ‘file1.txt’, but also + ‘file2.TXT’, ‘file3.TxT’, and so on. The quotes in the example are + to prevent the shell from expanding the pattern. + +‘-H’ +‘--span-hosts’ + Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving (*note + Spanning Hosts::). + +‘-L’ +‘--relative’ + Follow relative links only. Useful for retrieving a specific home + page without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts + (*note Relative Links::). + +‘-I LIST’ +‘--include-directories=LIST’ + Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow + when downloading (*note Directory-Based Limits::). Elements of + LIST may contain wildcards. + +‘-X LIST’ +‘--exclude-directories=LIST’ + Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude + from download (*note Directory-Based Limits::). Elements of LIST + may contain wildcards. + +‘-np’ +‘--no-parent’ + Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving + recursively. This is a useful option, since it guarantees that + only the files _below_ a certain hierarchy will be downloaded. + *Note Directory-Based Limits::, for more details. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Exit Status, Prev: Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Up: Invoking + +2.13 Exit Status +================ + +Wget may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems. + +0 + No problems occurred. + +1 + Generic error code. + +2 + Parse error—for instance, when parsing command-line options, the + ‘.wgetrc’ or ‘.netrc’... + +3 + File I/O error. + +4 + Network failure. + +5 + SSL verification failure. + +6 + Username/password authentication failure. + +7 + Protocol errors. + +8 + Server issued an error response. + + With the exceptions of 0 and 1, the lower-numbered exit codes take +precedence over higher-numbered ones, when multiple types of errors are +encountered. + + In versions of Wget prior to 1.12, Wget’s exit status tended to be +unhelpful and inconsistent. Recursive downloads would virtually always +return 0 (success), regardless of any issues encountered, and +non-recursive fetches only returned the status corresponding to the most +recently-attempted download. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Recursive Download, Next: Following Links, Prev: Invoking, Up: Top + +3 Recursive Download +******************** + +GNU Wget is capable of traversing parts of the Web (or a single HTTP or +FTP server), following links and directory structure. We refer to this +as to “recursive retrieval”, or “recursion”. + + With HTTP URLs, Wget retrieves and parses the HTML or CSS from the +given URL, retrieving the files the document refers to, through markup +like ‘href’ or ‘src’, or CSS URI values specified using the ‘url()’ +functional notation. If the freshly downloaded file is also of type +‘text/html’, ‘application/xhtml+xml’, or ‘text/css’, it will be parsed +and followed further. + + Recursive retrieval of HTTP and HTML/CSS content is “breadth-first”. +This means that Wget first downloads the requested document, then the +documents linked from that document, then the documents linked by them, +and so on. In other words, Wget first downloads the documents at depth +1, then those at depth 2, and so on until the specified maximum depth. + + The maximum “depth” to which the retrieval may descend is specified +with the ‘-l’ option. The default maximum depth is five layers. + + When retrieving an FTP URL recursively, Wget will retrieve all the +data from the given directory tree (including the subdirectories up to +the specified depth) on the remote server, creating its mirror image +locally. FTP retrieval is also limited by the ‘depth’ parameter. +Unlike HTTP recursion, FTP recursion is performed depth-first. + + By default, Wget will create a local directory tree, corresponding to +the one found on the remote server. + + Recursive retrieving can find a number of applications, the most +important of which is mirroring. It is also useful for WWW +presentations, and any other opportunities where slow network +connections should be bypassed by storing the files locally. + + You should be warned that recursive downloads can overload the remote +servers. Because of that, many administrators frown upon them and may +ban access from your site if they detect very fast downloads of big +amounts of content. When downloading from Internet servers, consider +using the ‘-w’ option to introduce a delay between accesses to the +server. The download will take a while longer, but the server +administrator will not be alarmed by your rudeness. + + Of course, recursive download may cause problems on your machine. If +left to run unchecked, it can easily fill up the disk. If downloading +from local network, it can also take bandwidth on the system, as well as +consume memory and CPU. + + Try to specify the criteria that match the kind of download you are +trying to achieve. If you want to download only one page, use +‘--page-requisites’ without any additional recursion. If you want to +download things under one directory, use ‘-np’ to avoid downloading +things from other directories. If you want to download all the files +from one directory, use ‘-l 1’ to make sure the recursion depth never +exceeds one. *Note Following Links::, for more information about this. + + Recursive retrieval should be used with care. Don’t say you were not +warned. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Following Links, Next: Time-Stamping, Prev: Recursive Download, Up: Top + +4 Following Links +***************** + +When retrieving recursively, one does not wish to retrieve loads of +unnecessary data. Most of the time the users bear in mind exactly what +they want to download, and want Wget to follow only specific links. + + For example, if you wish to download the music archive from +‘fly.srk.fer.hr’, you will not want to download all the home pages that +happen to be referenced by an obscure part of the archive. + + Wget possesses several mechanisms that allows you to fine-tune which +links it will follow. + +* Menu: + +* Spanning Hosts:: (Un)limiting retrieval based on host name. +* Types of Files:: Getting only certain files. +* Directory-Based Limits:: Getting only certain directories. +* Relative Links:: Follow relative links only. +* FTP Links:: Following FTP links. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Spanning Hosts, Next: Types of Files, Prev: Following Links, Up: Following Links + +4.1 Spanning Hosts +================== + +Wget’s recursive retrieval normally refuses to visit hosts different +than the one you specified on the command line. This is a reasonable +default; without it, every retrieval would have the potential to turn +your Wget into a small version of google. + + However, visiting different hosts, or “host spanning,” is sometimes a +useful option. Maybe the images are served from a different server. +Maybe you’re mirroring a site that consists of pages interlinked between +three servers. Maybe the server has two equivalent names, and the HTML +pages refer to both interchangeably. + +Span to any host—‘-H’ + + The ‘-H’ option turns on host spanning, thus allowing Wget’s + recursive run to visit any host referenced by a link. Unless + sufficient recursion-limiting criteria are applied depth, these + foreign hosts will typically link to yet more hosts, and so on + until Wget ends up sucking up much more data than you have + intended. + +Limit spanning to certain domains—‘-D’ + + The ‘-D’ option allows you to specify the domains that will be + followed, thus limiting the recursion only to the hosts that belong + to these domains. Obviously, this makes sense only in conjunction + with ‘-H’. A typical example would be downloading the contents of + ‘www.example.com’, but allowing downloads from + ‘images.example.com’, etc.: + + wget -rH -Dexample.com http://www.example.com/ + + You can specify more than one address by separating them with a + comma, e.g. ‘-Ddomain1.com,domain2.com’. + +Keep download off certain domains—‘--exclude-domains’ + + If there are domains you want to exclude specifically, you can do + it with ‘--exclude-domains’, which accepts the same type of + arguments of ‘-D’, but will _exclude_ all the listed domains. For + example, if you want to download all the hosts from ‘foo.edu’ + domain, with the exception of ‘sunsite.foo.edu’, you can do it like + this: + + wget -rH -Dfoo.edu --exclude-domains sunsite.foo.edu \ + http://www.foo.edu/ + + +File: wget.info, Node: Types of Files, Next: Directory-Based Limits, Prev: Spanning Hosts, Up: Following Links + +4.2 Types of Files +================== + +When downloading material from the web, you will often want to restrict +the retrieval to only certain file types. For example, if you are +interested in downloading GIFs, you will not be overjoyed to get loads +of PostScript documents, and vice versa. + + Wget offers two options to deal with this problem. Each option +description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent command +in ‘.wgetrc’. + +‘-A ACCLIST’ +‘--accept ACCLIST’ +‘accept = ACCLIST’ +‘--accept-regex URLREGEX’ +‘accept-regex = URLREGEX’ + The argument to ‘--accept’ option is a list of file suffixes or + patterns that Wget will download during recursive retrieval. A + suffix is the ending part of a file, and consists of “normal” + letters, e.g. ‘gif’ or ‘.jpg’. A matching pattern contains + shell-like wildcards, e.g. ‘books*’ or ‘zelazny*196[0-9]*’. + + So, specifying ‘wget -A gif,jpg’ will make Wget download only the + files ending with ‘gif’ or ‘jpg’, i.e. GIFs and JPEGs. On the + other hand, ‘wget -A "zelazny*196[0-9]*"’ will download only files + beginning with ‘zelazny’ and containing numbers from 1960 to 1969 + anywhere within. Look up the manual of your shell for a + description of how pattern matching works. + + Of course, any number of suffixes and patterns can be combined into + a comma-separated list, and given as an argument to ‘-A’. + + The argument to ‘--accept-regex’ option is a regular expression + which is matched against the complete URL. + +‘-R REJLIST’ +‘--reject REJLIST’ +‘reject = REJLIST’ +‘--reject-regex URLREGEX’ +‘reject-regex = URLREGEX’ + The ‘--reject’ option works the same way as ‘--accept’, only its + logic is the reverse; Wget will download all files _except_ the + ones matching the suffixes (or patterns) in the list. + + So, if you want to download a whole page except for the cumbersome + MPEGs and .AU files, you can use ‘wget -R mpg,mpeg,au’. + Analogously, to download all files except the ones beginning with + ‘bjork’, use ‘wget -R "bjork*"’. The quotes are to prevent + expansion by the shell. + + The argument to ‘--accept-regex’ option is a regular expression which +is matched against the complete URL. + +The ‘-A’ and ‘-R’ options may be combined to achieve even better +fine-tuning of which files to retrieve. E.g. ‘wget -A "*zelazny*" -R +.ps’ will download all the files having ‘zelazny’ as a part of their +name, but _not_ the PostScript files. + + Note that these two options do not affect the downloading of HTML +files (as determined by a ‘.htm’ or ‘.html’ filename prefix). This +behavior may not be desirable for all users, and may be changed for +future versions of Wget. + + Note, too, that query strings (strings at the end of a URL beginning +with a question mark (‘?’) are not included as part of the filename for +accept/reject rules, even though these will actually contribute to the +name chosen for the local file. It is expected that a future version of +Wget will provide an option to allow matching against query strings. + + Finally, it’s worth noting that the accept/reject lists are matched +_twice_ against downloaded files: once against the URL’s filename +portion, to determine if the file should be downloaded in the first +place; then, after it has been accepted and successfully downloaded, the +local file’s name is also checked against the accept/reject lists to see +if it should be removed. The rationale was that, since ‘.htm’ and +‘.html’ files are always downloaded regardless of accept/reject rules, +they should be removed _after_ being downloaded and scanned for links, +if they did match the accept/reject lists. However, this can lead to +unexpected results, since the local filenames can differ from the +original URL filenames in the following ways, all of which can change +whether an accept/reject rule matches: + + • If the local file already exists and ‘--no-directories’ was + specified, a numeric suffix will be appended to the original name. + • If ‘--adjust-extension’ was specified, the local filename might + have ‘.html’ appended to it. If Wget is invoked with ‘-E -A.php’, + a filename such as ‘index.php’ will match be accepted, but upon + download will be named ‘index.php.html’, which no longer matches, + and so the file will be deleted. + • Query strings do not contribute to URL matching, but are included + in local filenames, and so _do_ contribute to filename matching. + +This behavior, too, is considered less-than-desirable, and may change in +a future version of Wget. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Directory-Based Limits, Next: Relative Links, Prev: Types of Files, Up: Following Links + +4.3 Directory-Based Limits +========================== + +Regardless of other link-following facilities, it is often useful to +place the restriction of what files to retrieve based on the directories +those files are placed in. There can be many reasons for this—the home +pages may be organized in a reasonable directory structure; or some +directories may contain useless information, e.g. ‘/cgi-bin’ or ‘/dev’ +directories. + + Wget offers three different options to deal with this requirement. +Each option description lists a short name, a long name, and the +equivalent command in ‘.wgetrc’. + +‘-I LIST’ +‘--include LIST’ +‘include_directories = LIST’ + ‘-I’ option accepts a comma-separated list of directories included + in the retrieval. Any other directories will simply be ignored. + The directories are absolute paths. + + So, if you wish to download from ‘http://host/people/bozo/’ + following only links to bozo’s colleagues in the ‘/people’ + directory and the bogus scripts in ‘/cgi-bin’, you can specify: + + wget -I /people,/cgi-bin http://host/people/bozo/ + +‘-X LIST’ +‘--exclude LIST’ +‘exclude_directories = LIST’ + ‘-X’ option is exactly the reverse of ‘-I’—this is a list of + directories _excluded_ from the download. E.g. if you do not want + Wget to download things from ‘/cgi-bin’ directory, specify ‘-X + /cgi-bin’ on the command line. + + The same as with ‘-A’/‘-R’, these two options can be combined to + get a better fine-tuning of downloading subdirectories. E.g. if + you want to load all the files from ‘/pub’ hierarchy except for + ‘/pub/worthless’, specify ‘-I/pub -X/pub/worthless’. + +‘-np’ +‘--no-parent’ +‘no_parent = on’ + The simplest, and often very useful way of limiting directories is + disallowing retrieval of the links that refer to the hierarchy + “above” than the beginning directory, i.e. disallowing ascent to + the parent directory/directories. + + The ‘--no-parent’ option (short ‘-np’) is useful in this case. + Using it guarantees that you will never leave the existing + hierarchy. Supposing you issue Wget with: + + wget -r --no-parent http://somehost/~luzer/my-archive/ + + You may rest assured that none of the references to + ‘/~his-girls-homepage/’ or ‘/~luzer/all-my-mpegs/’ will be + followed. Only the archive you are interested in will be + downloaded. Essentially, ‘--no-parent’ is similar to + ‘-I/~luzer/my-archive’, only it handles redirections in a more + intelligent fashion. + + *Note* that, for HTTP (and HTTPS), the trailing slash is very + important to ‘--no-parent’. HTTP has no concept of a + “directory”—Wget relies on you to indicate what’s a directory and + what isn’t. In ‘http://foo/bar/’, Wget will consider ‘bar’ to be a + directory, while in ‘http://foo/bar’ (no trailing slash), ‘bar’ + will be considered a filename (so ‘--no-parent’ would be + meaningless, as its parent is ‘/’). + + +File: wget.info, Node: Relative Links, Next: FTP Links, Prev: Directory-Based Limits, Up: Following Links + +4.4 Relative Links +================== + +When ‘-L’ is turned on, only the relative links are ever followed. +Relative links are here defined those that do not refer to the web +server root. For example, these links are relative: + + <a href="foo.gif"> + <a href="foo/bar.gif"> + <a href="../foo/bar.gif"> + + These links are not relative: + + <a href="/foo.gif"> + <a href="/foo/bar.gif"> + <a href="http://www.example.com/foo/bar.gif"> + + Using this option guarantees that recursive retrieval will not span +hosts, even without ‘-H’. In simple cases it also allows downloads to +“just work” without having to convert links. + + This option is probably not very useful and might be removed in a +future release. + + +File: wget.info, Node: FTP Links, Prev: Relative Links, Up: Following Links + +4.5 Following FTP Links +======================= + +The rules for FTP are somewhat specific, as it is necessary for them to +be. FTP links in HTML documents are often included for purposes of +reference, and it is often inconvenient to download them by default. + + To have FTP links followed from HTML documents, you need to specify +the ‘--follow-ftp’ option. Having done that, FTP links will span hosts +regardless of ‘-H’ setting. This is logical, as FTP links rarely point +to the same host where the HTTP server resides. For similar reasons, +the ‘-L’ options has no effect on such downloads. On the other hand, +domain acceptance (‘-D’) and suffix rules (‘-A’ and ‘-R’) apply +normally. + + Also note that followed links to FTP directories will not be +retrieved recursively further. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Time-Stamping, Next: Startup File, Prev: Following Links, Up: Top + +5 Time-Stamping +*************** + +One of the most important aspects of mirroring information from the +Internet is updating your archives. + + Downloading the whole archive again and again, just to replace a few +changed files is expensive, both in terms of wasted bandwidth and money, +and the time to do the update. This is why all the mirroring tools +offer the option of incremental updating. + + Such an updating mechanism means that the remote server is scanned in +search of “new” files. Only those new files will be downloaded in the +place of the old ones. + + A file is considered new if one of these two conditions are met: + + 1. A file of that name does not already exist locally. + + 2. A file of that name does exist, but the remote file was modified + more recently than the local file. + + To implement this, the program needs to be aware of the time of last +modification of both local and remote files. We call this information +the “time-stamp” of a file. + + The time-stamping in GNU Wget is turned on using ‘--timestamping’ +(‘-N’) option, or through ‘timestamping = on’ directive in ‘.wgetrc’. +With this option, for each file it intends to download, Wget will check +whether a local file of the same name exists. If it does, and the +remote file is not newer, Wget will not download it. + + If the local file does not exist, or the sizes of the files do not +match, Wget will download the remote file no matter what the time-stamps +say. + +* Menu: + +* Time-Stamping Usage:: +* HTTP Time-Stamping Internals:: +* FTP Time-Stamping Internals:: + + +File: wget.info, Node: Time-Stamping Usage, Next: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: Time-Stamping, Up: Time-Stamping + +5.1 Time-Stamping Usage +======================= + +The usage of time-stamping is simple. Say you would like to download a +file so that it keeps its date of modification. + + wget -S http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/ + + A simple ‘ls -l’ shows that the time stamp on the local file equals +the state of the ‘Last-Modified’ header, as returned by the server. As +you can see, the time-stamping info is preserved locally, even without +‘-N’ (at least for HTTP). + + Several days later, you would like Wget to check if the remote file +has changed, and download it if it has. + + wget -N http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/ + + Wget will ask the server for the last-modified date. If the local +file has the same timestamp as the server, or a newer one, the remote +file will not be re-fetched. However, if the remote file is more +recent, Wget will proceed to fetch it. + + The same goes for FTP. For example: + + wget "ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/*" + + (The quotes around that URL are to prevent the shell from trying to +interpret the ‘*’.) + + After download, a local directory listing will show that the +timestamps match those on the remote server. Reissuing the command with +‘-N’ will make Wget re-fetch _only_ the files that have been modified +since the last download. + + If you wished to mirror the GNU archive every week, you would use a +command like the following, weekly: + + wget --timestamping -r ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ + + Note that time-stamping will only work for files for which the server +gives a timestamp. For HTTP, this depends on getting a ‘Last-Modified’ +header. For FTP, this depends on getting a directory listing with dates +in a format that Wget can parse (*note FTP Time-Stamping Internals::). + + +File: wget.info, Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Next: FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: Time-Stamping Usage, Up: Time-Stamping + +5.2 HTTP Time-Stamping Internals +================================ + +Time-stamping in HTTP is implemented by checking of the ‘Last-Modified’ +header. If you wish to retrieve the file ‘foo.html’ through HTTP, Wget +will check whether ‘foo.html’ exists locally. If it doesn’t, ‘foo.html’ +will be retrieved unconditionally. + + If the file does exist locally, Wget will first check its local +time-stamp (similar to the way ‘ls -l’ checks it), and then send a +‘HEAD’ request to the remote server, demanding the information on the +remote file. + + The ‘Last-Modified’ header is examined to find which file was +modified more recently (which makes it “newer”). If the remote file is +newer, it will be downloaded; if it is older, Wget will give up.(1) + + When ‘--backup-converted’ (‘-K’) is specified in conjunction with +‘-N’, server file ‘X’ is compared to local file ‘X.orig’, if extant, +rather than being compared to local file ‘X’, which will always differ +if it’s been converted by ‘--convert-links’ (‘-k’). + + Arguably, HTTP time-stamping should be implemented using the +‘If-Modified-Since’ request. + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) As an additional check, Wget will look at the ‘Content-Length’ +header, and compare the sizes; if they are not the same, the remote file +will be downloaded no matter what the time-stamp says. + + +File: wget.info, Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Prev: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Up: Time-Stamping + +5.3 FTP Time-Stamping Internals +=============================== + +In theory, FTP time-stamping works much the same as HTTP, only FTP has +no headers—time-stamps must be ferreted out of directory listings. + + If an FTP download is recursive or uses globbing, Wget will use the +FTP ‘LIST’ command to get a file listing for the directory containing +the desired file(s). It will try to analyze the listing, treating it +like Unix ‘ls -l’ output, extracting the time-stamps. The rest is +exactly the same as for HTTP. Note that when retrieving individual +files from an FTP server without using globbing or recursion, listing +files will not be downloaded (and thus files will not be time-stamped) +unless ‘-N’ is specified. + + Assumption that every directory listing is a Unix-style listing may +sound extremely constraining, but in practice it is not, as many +non-Unix FTP servers use the Unixoid listing format because most (all?) +of the clients understand it. Bear in mind that RFC959 defines no +standard way to get a file list, let alone the time-stamps. We can only +hope that a future standard will define this. + + Another non-standard solution includes the use of ‘MDTM’ command that +is supported by some FTP servers (including the popular ‘wu-ftpd’), +which returns the exact time of the specified file. Wget may support +this command in the future. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Startup File, Next: Examples, Prev: Time-Stamping, Up: Top + +6 Startup File +************** + +Once you know how to change default settings of Wget through command +line arguments, you may wish to make some of those settings permanent. +You can do that in a convenient way by creating the Wget startup +file—‘.wgetrc’. + + Besides ‘.wgetrc’ is the “main” initialization file, it is convenient +to have a special facility for storing passwords. Thus Wget reads and +interprets the contents of ‘$HOME/.netrc’, if it finds it. You can find +‘.netrc’ format in your system manuals. + + Wget reads ‘.wgetrc’ upon startup, recognizing a limited set of +commands. + +* Menu: + +* Wgetrc Location:: Location of various wgetrc files. +* Wgetrc Syntax:: Syntax of wgetrc. +* Wgetrc Commands:: List of available commands. +* Sample Wgetrc:: A wgetrc example. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Location, Next: Wgetrc Syntax, Prev: Startup File, Up: Startup File + +6.1 Wgetrc Location +=================== + +When initializing, Wget will look for a “global” startup file, +‘/usr/local/etc/wgetrc’ by default (or some prefix other than +‘/usr/local’, if Wget was not installed there) and read commands from +there, if it exists. + + Then it will look for the user’s file. If the environmental variable +‘WGETRC’ is set, Wget will try to load that file. Failing that, no +further attempts will be made. + + If ‘WGETRC’ is not set, Wget will try to load ‘$HOME/.wgetrc’. + + The fact that user’s settings are loaded after the system-wide ones +means that in case of collision user’s wgetrc _overrides_ the +system-wide wgetrc (in ‘/usr/local/etc/wgetrc’ by default). Fascist +admins, away! + + +File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Syntax, Next: Wgetrc Commands, Prev: Wgetrc Location, Up: Startup File + +6.2 Wgetrc Syntax +================= + +The syntax of a wgetrc command is simple: + + variable = value + + The “variable” will also be called “command”. Valid “values” are +different for different commands. + + The commands are case-, underscore- and minus-insensitive. Thus +‘DIr__PrefiX’, ‘DIr-PrefiX’ and ‘dirprefix’ are the same. Empty lines, +lines beginning with ‘#’ and lines containing white-space only are +discarded. + + Commands that expect a comma-separated list will clear the list on an +empty command. So, if you wish to reset the rejection list specified in +global ‘wgetrc’, you can do it with: + + reject = + + +File: wget.info, Node: Wgetrc Commands, Next: Sample Wgetrc, Prev: Wgetrc Syntax, Up: Startup File + +6.3 Wgetrc Commands +=================== + +The complete set of commands is listed below. Legal values are listed +after the ‘=’. Simple Boolean values can be set or unset using ‘on’ and +‘off’ or ‘1’ and ‘0’. + + Some commands take pseudo-arbitrary values. ADDRESS values can be +hostnames or dotted-quad IP addresses. N can be any positive integer, +or ‘inf’ for infinity, where appropriate. STRING values can be any +non-empty string. + + Most of these commands have direct command-line equivalents. Also, +any wgetrc command can be specified on the command line using the +‘--execute’ switch (*note Basic Startup Options::.) + +accept/reject = STRING + Same as ‘-A’/‘-R’ (*note Types of Files::). + +add_hostdir = on/off + Enable/disable host-prefixed file names. ‘-nH’ disables it. + +ask_password = on/off + Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be + specified when ‘--password’ is being used, because they are + mutually exclusive. Equivalent to ‘--ask-password’. + +auth_no_challenge = on/off + If this option is given, Wget will send Basic HTTP authentication + information (plaintext username and password) for all requests. + See ‘--auth-no-challenge’. + +background = on/off + Enable/disable going to background—the same as ‘-b’ (which enables + it). + +backup_converted = on/off + Enable/disable saving pre-converted files with the suffix + ‘.orig’—the same as ‘-K’ (which enables it). + +backups = NUMBER + Use up to NUMBER backups for a file. Backups are rotated by adding + an incremental counter that starts at ‘1’. The default is ‘0’. + +base = STRING + Consider relative URLs in input files (specified via the ‘input’ + command or the ‘--input-file’/‘-i’ option, together with + ‘force_html’ or ‘--force-html’) as being relative to STRING—the + same as ‘--base=STRING’. + +bind_address = ADDRESS + Bind to ADDRESS, like the ‘--bind-address=ADDRESS’. + +ca_certificate = FILE + Set the certificate authority bundle file to FILE. The same as + ‘--ca-certificate=FILE’. + +ca_directory = DIRECTORY + Set the directory used for certificate authorities. The same as + ‘--ca-directory=DIRECTORY’. + +cache = on/off + When set to off, disallow server-caching. See the ‘--no-cache’ + option. + +certificate = FILE + Set the client certificate file name to FILE. The same as + ‘--certificate=FILE’. + +certificate_type = STRING + Specify the type of the client certificate, legal values being + ‘PEM’ (the default) and ‘DER’ (aka ASN1). The same as + ‘--certificate-type=STRING’. + +check_certificate = on/off + If this is set to off, the server certificate is not checked + against the specified client authorities. The default is “on”. + The same as ‘--check-certificate’. + +connect_timeout = N + Set the connect timeout—the same as ‘--connect-timeout’. + +content_disposition = on/off + Turn on recognition of the (non-standard) ‘Content-Disposition’ + HTTP header—if set to ‘on’, the same as ‘--content-disposition’. + +trust_server_names = on/off + If set to on, construct the local file name from redirection URLs + rather than original URLs. + +continue = on/off + If set to on, force continuation of preexistent partially retrieved + files. See ‘-c’ before setting it. + +convert_links = on/off + Convert non-relative links locally. The same as ‘-k’. + +cookies = on/off + When set to off, disallow cookies. See the ‘--cookies’ option. + +cut_dirs = N + Ignore N remote directory components. Equivalent to + ‘--cut-dirs=N’. + +debug = on/off + Debug mode, same as ‘-d’. + +default_page = STRING + Default page name—the same as ‘--default-page=STRING’. + +delete_after = on/off + Delete after download—the same as ‘--delete-after’. + +dir_prefix = STRING + Top of directory tree—the same as ‘-P STRING’. + +dirstruct = on/off + Turning dirstruct on or off—the same as ‘-x’ or ‘-nd’, + respectively. + +dns_cache = on/off + Turn DNS caching on/off. Since DNS caching is on by default, this + option is normally used to turn it off and is equivalent to + ‘--no-dns-cache’. + +dns_timeout = N + Set the DNS timeout—the same as ‘--dns-timeout’. + +domains = STRING + Same as ‘-D’ (*note Spanning Hosts::). + +dot_bytes = N + Specify the number of bytes “contained” in a dot, as seen + throughout the retrieval (1024 by default). You can postfix the + value with ‘k’ or ‘m’, representing kilobytes and megabytes, + respectively. With dot settings you can tailor the dot retrieval + to suit your needs, or you can use the predefined “styles” (*note + Download Options::). + +dot_spacing = N + Specify the number of dots in a single cluster (10 by default). + +dots_in_line = N + Specify the number of dots that will be printed in each line + throughout the retrieval (50 by default). + +egd_file = FILE + Use STRING as the EGD socket file name. The same as + ‘--egd-file=FILE’. + +exclude_directories = STRING + Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude + from download—the same as ‘-X STRING’ (*note Directory-Based + Limits::). + +exclude_domains = STRING + Same as ‘--exclude-domains=STRING’ (*note Spanning Hosts::). + +follow_ftp = on/off + Follow FTP links from HTML documents—the same as ‘--follow-ftp’. + +follow_tags = STRING + Only follow certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, + just like ‘--follow-tags=STRING’. + +force_html = on/off + If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an HTML + document—the same as ‘-F’. + +ftp_password = STRING + Set your FTP password to STRING. Without this setting, the + password defaults to ‘-wget@’, which is a useful default for + anonymous FTP access. + + This command used to be named ‘passwd’ prior to Wget 1.10. + +ftp_proxy = STRING + Use STRING as FTP proxy, instead of the one specified in + environment. + +ftp_user = STRING + Set FTP user to STRING. + + This command used to be named ‘login’ prior to Wget 1.10. + +glob = on/off + Turn globbing on/off—the same as ‘--glob’ and ‘--no-glob’. + +header = STRING + Define a header for HTTP downloads, like using ‘--header=STRING’. + +compression = STRING + Choose the compression type to be used. Legal values are ‘auto’ + (the default), ‘gzip’, and ‘none’. The same as + ‘--compression=STRING’. + +adjust_extension = on/off + Add a ‘.html’ extension to ‘text/html’ or ‘application/xhtml+xml’ + files that lack one, a ‘.css’ extension to ‘text/css’ files that + lack one, and a ‘.br’, ‘.Z’, ‘.zlib’ or ‘.gz’ to compressed files + like ‘-E’. Previously named ‘html_extension’ (still acceptable, + but deprecated). + +http_keep_alive = on/off + Turn the keep-alive feature on or off (defaults to on). Turning it + off is equivalent to ‘--no-http-keep-alive’. + +http_password = STRING + Set HTTP password, equivalent to ‘--http-password=STRING’. + +http_proxy = STRING + Use STRING as HTTP proxy, instead of the one specified in + environment. + +http_user = STRING + Set HTTP user to STRING, equivalent to ‘--http-user=STRING’. + +https_only = on/off + When in recursive mode, only HTTPS links are followed (defaults to + off). + +https_proxy = STRING + Use STRING as HTTPS proxy, instead of the one specified in + environment. + +ignore_case = on/off + When set to on, match files and directories case insensitively; the + same as ‘--ignore-case’. + +ignore_length = on/off + When set to on, ignore ‘Content-Length’ header; the same as + ‘--ignore-length’. + +ignore_tags = STRING + Ignore certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, like + ‘--ignore-tags=STRING’. + +include_directories = STRING + Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow + when downloading—the same as ‘-I STRING’. + +iri = on/off + When set to on, enable internationalized URI (IRI) support; the + same as ‘--iri’. + +inet4_only = on/off + Force connecting to IPv4 addresses, off by default. You can put + this in the global init file to disable Wget’s attempts to resolve + and connect to IPv6 hosts. Available only if Wget was compiled + with IPv6 support. The same as ‘--inet4-only’ or ‘-4’. + +inet6_only = on/off + Force connecting to IPv6 addresses, off by default. Available only + if Wget was compiled with IPv6 support. The same as ‘--inet6-only’ + or ‘-6’. + +input = FILE + Read the URLs from STRING, like ‘-i FILE’. + +keep_session_cookies = on/off + When specified, causes ‘save_cookies = on’ to also save session + cookies. See ‘--keep-session-cookies’. + +limit_rate = RATE + Limit the download speed to no more than RATE bytes per second. + The same as ‘--limit-rate=RATE’. + +load_cookies = FILE + Load cookies from FILE. See ‘--load-cookies FILE’. + +local_encoding = ENCODING + Force Wget to use ENCODING as the default system encoding. See + ‘--local-encoding’. + +logfile = FILE + Set logfile to FILE, the same as ‘-o FILE’. + +max_redirect = NUMBER + Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a + resource. See ‘--max-redirect=NUMBER’. + +mirror = on/off + Turn mirroring on/off. The same as ‘-m’. + +netrc = on/off + Turn reading netrc on or off. + +no_clobber = on/off + Same as ‘-nc’. + +no_parent = on/off + Disallow retrieving outside the directory hierarchy, like + ‘--no-parent’ (*note Directory-Based Limits::). + +no_proxy = STRING + Use STRING as the comma-separated list of domains to avoid in proxy + loading, instead of the one specified in environment. + +output_document = FILE + Set the output filename—the same as ‘-O FILE’. + +page_requisites = on/off + Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single HTML page + to display properly—the same as ‘-p’. + +passive_ftp = on/off + Change setting of passive FTP, equivalent to the ‘--passive-ftp’ + option. + +password = STRING + Specify password STRING for both FTP and HTTP file retrieval. This + command can be overridden using the ‘ftp_password’ and + ‘http_password’ command for FTP and HTTP respectively. + +post_data = STRING + Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send STRING in the + request body. The same as ‘--post-data=STRING’. + +post_file = FILE + Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the contents + of FILE in the request body. The same as ‘--post-file=FILE’. + +prefer_family = none/IPv4/IPv6 + When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses + with specified address family first. The address order returned by + DNS is used without change by default. The same as + ‘--prefer-family’, which see for a detailed discussion of why this + is useful. + +private_key = FILE + Set the private key file to FILE. The same as + ‘--private-key=FILE’. + +private_key_type = STRING + Specify the type of the private key, legal values being ‘PEM’ (the + default) and ‘DER’ (aka ASN1). The same as + ‘--private-type=STRING’. + +progress = STRING + Set the type of the progress indicator. Legal types are ‘dot’ and + ‘bar’. Equivalent to ‘--progress=STRING’. + +protocol_directories = on/off + When set, use the protocol name as a directory component of local + file names. The same as ‘--protocol-directories’. + +proxy_password = STRING + Set proxy authentication password to STRING, like + ‘--proxy-password=STRING’. + +proxy_user = STRING + Set proxy authentication user name to STRING, like + ‘--proxy-user=STRING’. + +quiet = on/off + Quiet mode—the same as ‘-q’. + +quota = QUOTA + Specify the download quota, which is useful to put in the global + ‘wgetrc’. When download quota is specified, Wget will stop + retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota. + The quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes ‘k’ appended) + or mbytes (‘m’ appended). Thus ‘quota = 5m’ will set the quota to + 5 megabytes. Note that the user’s startup file overrides system + settings. + +random_file = FILE + Use FILE as a source of randomness on systems lacking + ‘/dev/random’. + +random_wait = on/off + Turn random between-request wait times on or off. The same as + ‘--random-wait’. + +read_timeout = N + Set the read (and write) timeout—the same as ‘--read-timeout=N’. + +reclevel = N + Recursion level (depth)—the same as ‘-l N’. + +recursive = on/off + Recursive on/off—the same as ‘-r’. + +referer = STRING + Set HTTP ‘Referer:’ header just like ‘--referer=STRING’. (Note + that it was the folks who wrote the HTTP spec who got the spelling + of “referrer” wrong.) + +relative_only = on/off + Follow only relative links—the same as ‘-L’ (*note Relative + Links::). + +remote_encoding = ENCODING + Force Wget to use ENCODING as the default remote server encoding. + See ‘--remote-encoding’. + +remove_listing = on/off + If set to on, remove FTP listings downloaded by Wget. Setting it + to off is the same as ‘--no-remove-listing’. + +restrict_file_names = unix/windows + Restrict the file names generated by Wget from URLs. See + ‘--restrict-file-names’ for a more detailed description. + +retr_symlinks = on/off + When set to on, retrieve symbolic links as if they were plain + files; the same as ‘--retr-symlinks’. + +retry_connrefused = on/off + When set to on, consider “connection refused” a transient error—the + same as ‘--retry-connrefused’. + +robots = on/off + Specify whether the norobots convention is respected by Wget, “on” + by default. This switch controls both the ‘/robots.txt’ and the + ‘nofollow’ aspect of the spec. *Note Robot Exclusion::, for more + details about this. Be sure you know what you are doing before + turning this off. + +save_cookies = FILE + Save cookies to FILE. The same as ‘--save-cookies FILE’. + +save_headers = on/off + Same as ‘--save-headers’. + +secure_protocol = STRING + Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are ‘auto’ + (the default), ‘SSLv2’, ‘SSLv3’, and ‘TLSv1’. The same as + ‘--secure-protocol=STRING’. + +server_response = on/off + Choose whether or not to print the HTTP and FTP server + responses—the same as ‘-S’. + +show_all_dns_entries = on/off + When a DNS name is resolved, show all the IP addresses, not just + the first three. + +span_hosts = on/off + Same as ‘-H’. + +spider = on/off + Same as ‘--spider’. + +strict_comments = on/off + Same as ‘--strict-comments’. + +timeout = N + Set all applicable timeout values to N, the same as ‘-T N’. + +timestamping = on/off + Turn timestamping on/off. The same as ‘-N’ (*note + Time-Stamping::). + +use_server_timestamps = on/off + If set to ‘off’, Wget won’t set the local file’s timestamp by the + one on the server (same as ‘--no-use-server-timestamps’). + +tries = N + Set number of retries per URL—the same as ‘-t N’. + +use_proxy = on/off + When set to off, don’t use proxy even when proxy-related + environment variables are set. In that case it is the same as + using ‘--no-proxy’. + +user = STRING + Specify username STRING for both FTP and HTTP file retrieval. This + command can be overridden using the ‘ftp_user’ and ‘http_user’ + command for FTP and HTTP respectively. + +user_agent = STRING + User agent identification sent to the HTTP Server—the same as + ‘--user-agent=STRING’. + +verbose = on/off + Turn verbose on/off—the same as ‘-v’/‘-nv’. + +wait = N + Wait N seconds between retrievals—the same as ‘-w N’. + +wait_retry = N + Wait up to N seconds between retries of failed retrievals only—the + same as ‘--waitretry=N’. Note that this is turned on by default in + the global ‘wgetrc’. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Sample Wgetrc, Prev: Wgetrc Commands, Up: Startup File + +6.4 Sample Wgetrc +================= + +This is the sample initialization file, as given in the distribution. +It is divided in two section—one for global usage (suitable for global +startup file), and one for local usage (suitable for ‘$HOME/.wgetrc’). +Be careful about the things you change. + + Note that almost all the lines are commented out. For a command to +have any effect, you must remove the ‘#’ character at the beginning of +its line. + + ### + ### Sample Wget initialization file .wgetrc + ### + + ## You can use this file to change the default behaviour of wget or to + ## avoid having to type many many command-line options. This file does + ## not contain a comprehensive list of commands -- look at the manual + ## to find out what you can put into this file. You can find this here: + ## $ info wget.info 'Startup File' + ## Or online here: + ## https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/wget.html#Startup-File + ## + ## Wget initialization file can reside in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc + ## (global, for all users) or $HOME/.wgetrc (for a single user). + ## + ## To use the settings in this file, you will have to uncomment them, + ## as well as change them, in most cases, as the values on the + ## commented-out lines are the default values (e.g. "off"). + ## + ## Command are case-, underscore- and minus-insensitive. + ## For example ftp_proxy, ftp-proxy and ftpproxy are the same. + + + ## + ## Global settings (useful for setting up in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc). + ## Think well before you change them, since they may reduce wget's + ## functionality, and make it behave contrary to the documentation: + ## + + # You can set retrieve quota for beginners by specifying a value + # optionally followed by 'K' (kilobytes) or 'M' (megabytes). The + # default quota is unlimited. + #quota = inf + + # You can lower (or raise) the default number of retries when + # downloading a file (default is 20). + #tries = 20 + + # Lowering the maximum depth of the recursive retrieval is handy to + # prevent newbies from going too "deep" when they unwittingly start + # the recursive retrieval. The default is 5. + #reclevel = 5 + + # By default Wget uses "passive FTP" transfer where the client + # initiates the data connection to the server rather than the other + # way around. That is required on systems behind NAT where the client + # computer cannot be easily reached from the Internet. However, some + # firewalls software explicitly supports active FTP and in fact has + # problems supporting passive transfer. If you are in such + # environment, use "passive_ftp = off" to revert to active FTP. + #passive_ftp = off + + # The "wait" command below makes Wget wait between every connection. + # If, instead, you want Wget to wait only between retries of failed + # downloads, set waitretry to maximum number of seconds to wait (Wget + # will use "linear backoff", waiting 1 second after the first failure + # on a file, 2 seconds after the second failure, etc. up to this max). + #waitretry = 10 + + + ## + ## Local settings (for a user to set in his $HOME/.wgetrc). It is + ## *highly* undesirable to put these settings in the global file, since + ## they are potentially dangerous to "normal" users. + ## + ## Even when setting up your own ~/.wgetrc, you should know what you + ## are doing before doing so. + ## + + # Set this to on to use timestamping by default: + #timestamping = off + + # It is a good idea to make Wget send your email address in a `From:' + # header with your request (so that server administrators can contact + # you in case of errors). Wget does *not* send `From:' by default. + #header = From: Your Name <username@site.domain> + + # You can set up other headers, like Accept-Language. Accept-Language + # is *not* sent by default. + #header = Accept-Language: en + + # You can set the default proxies for Wget to use for http, https, and ftp. + # They will override the value in the environment. + #https_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/ + #http_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/ + #ftp_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/ + + # If you do not want to use proxy at all, set this to off. + #use_proxy = on + + # You can customize the retrieval outlook. Valid options are default, + # binary, mega and micro. + #dot_style = default + + # Setting this to off makes Wget not download /robots.txt. Be sure to + # know *exactly* what /robots.txt is and how it is used before changing + # the default! + #robots = on + + # It can be useful to make Wget wait between connections. Set this to + # the number of seconds you want Wget to wait. + #wait = 0 + + # You can force creating directory structure, even if a single is being + # retrieved, by setting this to on. + #dirstruct = off + + # You can turn on recursive retrieving by default (don't do this if + # you are not sure you know what it means) by setting this to on. + #recursive = off + + # To always back up file X as X.orig before converting its links (due + # to -k / --convert-links / convert_links = on having been specified), + # set this variable to on: + #backup_converted = off + + # To have Wget follow FTP links from HTML files by default, set this + # to on: + #follow_ftp = off + + # To try ipv6 addresses first: + #prefer-family = IPv6 + + # Set default IRI support state + #iri = off + + # Force the default system encoding + #localencoding = UTF-8 + + # Force the default remote server encoding + #remoteencoding = UTF-8 + + # Turn on to prevent following non-HTTPS links when in recursive mode + #httpsonly = off + + # Tune HTTPS security (auto, SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, PFS) + #secureprotocol = auto + + +File: wget.info, Node: Examples, Next: Various, Prev: Startup File, Up: Top + +7 Examples +********** + +The examples are divided into three sections loosely based on their +complexity. + +* Menu: + +* Simple Usage:: Simple, basic usage of the program. +* Advanced Usage:: Advanced tips. +* Very Advanced Usage:: The hairy stuff. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Simple Usage, Next: Advanced Usage, Prev: Examples, Up: Examples + +7.1 Simple Usage +================ + + • Say you want to download a URL. Just type: + + wget http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ + + • But what will happen if the connection is slow, and the file is + lengthy? The connection will probably fail before the whole file + is retrieved, more than once. In this case, Wget will try getting + the file until it either gets the whole of it, or exceeds the + default number of retries (this being 20). It is easy to change + the number of tries to 45, to insure that the whole file will + arrive safely: + + wget --tries=45 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg + + • Now let’s leave Wget to work in the background, and write its + progress to log file ‘log’. It is tiring to type ‘--tries’, so we + shall use ‘-t’. + + wget -t 45 -o log http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg & + + The ampersand at the end of the line makes sure that Wget works in + the background. To unlimit the number of retries, use ‘-t inf’. + + • The usage of FTP is as simple. Wget will take care of login and + password. + + wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/welcome.msg + + • If you specify a directory, Wget will retrieve the directory + listing, parse it and convert it to HTML. Try: + + wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ + links index.html + + +File: wget.info, Node: Advanced Usage, Next: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Simple Usage, Up: Examples + +7.2 Advanced Usage +================== + + • You have a file that contains the URLs you want to download? Use + the ‘-i’ switch: + + wget -i FILE + + If you specify ‘-’ as file name, the URLs will be read from + standard input. + + • Create a five levels deep mirror image of the GNU web site, with + the same directory structure the original has, with only one try + per document, saving the log of the activities to ‘gnulog’: + + wget -r https://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog + + • The same as the above, but convert the links in the downloaded + files to point to local files, so you can view the documents + off-line: + + wget --convert-links -r https://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog + + • Retrieve only one HTML page, but make sure that all the elements + needed for the page to be displayed, such as inline images and + external style sheets, are also downloaded. Also make sure the + downloaded page references the downloaded links. + + wget -p --convert-links http://www.example.com/dir/page.html + + The HTML page will be saved to ‘www.example.com/dir/page.html’, and + the images, stylesheets, etc., somewhere under ‘www.example.com/’, + depending on where they were on the remote server. + + • The same as the above, but without the ‘www.example.com/’ + directory. In fact, I don’t want to have all those random server + directories anyway—just save _all_ those files under a ‘download/’ + subdirectory of the current directory. + + wget -p --convert-links -nH -nd -Pdownload \ + http://www.example.com/dir/page.html + + • Retrieve the index.html of ‘www.lycos.com’, showing the original + server headers: + + wget -S http://www.lycos.com/ + + • Save the server headers with the file, perhaps for post-processing. + + wget --save-headers http://www.lycos.com/ + more index.html + + • Retrieve the first two levels of ‘wuarchive.wustl.edu’, saving them + to ‘/tmp’. + + wget -r -l2 -P/tmp ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ + + • You want to download all the GIFs from a directory on an HTTP + server. You tried ‘wget http://www.example.com/dir/*.gif’, but + that didn’t work because HTTP retrieval does not support globbing. + In that case, use: + + wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://www.example.com/dir/ + + More verbose, but the effect is the same. ‘-r -l1’ means to + retrieve recursively (*note Recursive Download::), with maximum + depth of 1. ‘--no-parent’ means that references to the parent + directory are ignored (*note Directory-Based Limits::), and + ‘-A.gif’ means to download only the GIF files. ‘-A "*.gif"’ would + have worked too. + + • Suppose you were in the middle of downloading, when Wget was + interrupted. Now you do not want to clobber the files already + present. It would be: + + wget -nc -r https://www.gnu.org/ + + • If you want to encode your own username and password to HTTP or + FTP, use the appropriate URL syntax (*note URL Format::). + + wget ftp://hniksic:mypassword@unix.example.com/.emacs + + Note, however, that this usage is not advisable on multi-user + systems because it reveals your password to anyone who looks at the + output of ‘ps’. + + • You would like the output documents to go to standard output + instead of to files? + + wget -O - http://jagor.srce.hr/ http://www.srce.hr/ + + You can also combine the two options and make pipelines to retrieve + the documents from remote hotlists: + + wget -O - http://cool.list.com/ | wget --force-html -i - + + +File: wget.info, Node: Very Advanced Usage, Prev: Advanced Usage, Up: Examples + +7.3 Very Advanced Usage +======================= + + • If you wish Wget to keep a mirror of a page (or FTP + subdirectories), use ‘--mirror’ (‘-m’), which is the shorthand for + ‘-r -l inf -N’. You can put Wget in the crontab file asking it to + recheck a site each Sunday: + + crontab + 0 0 * * 0 wget --mirror https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog + + • In addition to the above, you want the links to be converted for + local viewing. But, after having read this manual, you know that + link conversion doesn’t play well with timestamping, so you also + want Wget to back up the original HTML files before the conversion. + Wget invocation would look like this: + + wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \ + https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog + + • But you’ve also noticed that local viewing doesn’t work all that + well when HTML files are saved under extensions other than ‘.html’, + perhaps because they were served as ‘index.cgi’. So you’d like + Wget to rename all the files served with content-type ‘text/html’ + or ‘application/xhtml+xml’ to ‘NAME.html’. + + wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \ + --html-extension -o /home/me/weeklog \ + https://www.gnu.org/ + + Or, with less typing: + + wget -m -k -K -E https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog + + +File: wget.info, Node: Various, Next: Appendices, Prev: Examples, Up: Top + +8 Various +********* + +This chapter contains all the stuff that could not fit anywhere else. + +* Menu: + +* Proxies:: Support for proxy servers. +* Distribution:: Getting the latest version. +* Web Site:: GNU Wget’s presence on the World Wide Web. +* Mailing Lists:: Wget mailing list for announcements and discussion. +* Internet Relay Chat:: Wget’s presence on IRC. +* Reporting Bugs:: How and where to report bugs. +* Portability:: The systems Wget works on. +* Signals:: Signal-handling performed by Wget. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Proxies, Next: Distribution, Prev: Various, Up: Various + +8.1 Proxies +=========== + +“Proxies” are special-purpose HTTP servers designed to transfer data +from remote servers to local clients. One typical use of proxies is +lightening network load for users behind a slow connection. This is +achieved by channeling all HTTP and FTP requests through the proxy which +caches the transferred data. When a cached resource is requested again, +proxy will return the data from cache. Another use for proxies is for +companies that separate (for security reasons) their internal networks +from the rest of Internet. In order to obtain information from the Web, +their users connect and retrieve remote data using an authorized proxy. + + Wget supports proxies for both HTTP and FTP retrievals. The standard +way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is using the +following environment variables: + +‘http_proxy’ +‘https_proxy’ + If set, the ‘http_proxy’ and ‘https_proxy’ variables should contain + the URLs of the proxies for HTTP and HTTPS connections + respectively. + +‘ftp_proxy’ + This variable should contain the URL of the proxy for FTP + connections. It is quite common that ‘http_proxy’ and ‘ftp_proxy’ + are set to the same URL. + +‘no_proxy’ + This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain + extensions proxy should _not_ be used for. For instance, if the + value of ‘no_proxy’ is ‘.mit.edu’, proxy will not be used to + retrieve documents from MIT. + + In addition to the environment variables, proxy location and settings +may be specified from within Wget itself. + +‘--no-proxy’ +‘proxy = on/off’ + This option and the corresponding command may be used to suppress + the use of proxy, even if the appropriate environment variables are + set. + +‘http_proxy = URL’ +‘https_proxy = URL’ +‘ftp_proxy = URL’ +‘no_proxy = STRING’ + These startup file variables allow you to override the proxy + settings specified by the environment. + + Some proxy servers require authorization to enable you to use them. +The authorization consists of “username” and “password”, which must be +sent by Wget. As with HTTP authorization, several authentication +schemes exist. For proxy authorization only the ‘Basic’ authentication +scheme is currently implemented. + + You may specify your username and password either through the proxy +URL or through the command-line options. Assuming that the company’s +proxy is located at ‘proxy.company.com’ at port 8001, a proxy URL +location containing authorization data might look like this: + + http://hniksic:mypassword@proxy.company.com:8001/ + + Alternatively, you may use the ‘proxy-user’ and ‘proxy-password’ +options, and the equivalent ‘.wgetrc’ settings ‘proxy_user’ and +‘proxy_password’ to set the proxy username and password. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Distribution, Next: Web Site, Prev: Proxies, Up: Various + +8.2 Distribution +================ + +Like all GNU utilities, the latest version of Wget can be found at the +master GNU archive site ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. For example, Wget +1.21 can be found at <https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/wget/wget-1.21.tar.gz> + + +File: wget.info, Node: Web Site, Next: Mailing Lists, Prev: Distribution, Up: Various + +8.3 Web Site +============ + +The official web site for GNU Wget is at +<https//www.gnu.org/software/wget/>. However, most useful information +resides at “The Wget Wgiki”, <http://wget.addictivecode.org/>. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Mailing Lists, Next: Internet Relay Chat, Prev: Web Site, Up: Various + +8.4 Mailing Lists +================= + +Primary List +------------ + +The primary mailinglist for discussion, bug-reports, or questions about +GNU Wget is at <bug-wget@gnu.org>. To subscribe, send an email to +<bug-wget-join@gnu.org>, or visit +<https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-wget>. + + You do not need to subscribe to send a message to the list; however, +please note that unsubscribed messages are moderated, and may take a +while before they hit the list—*usually around a day*. If you want your +message to show up immediately, please subscribe to the list before +posting. Archives for the list may be found at +<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-wget/>. + + An NNTP/Usenettish gateway is also available via Gmane +(http://gmane.org/about.php). You can see the Gmane archives at +<http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.general>. Note that the +Gmane archives conveniently include messages from both the current list, +and the previous one. Messages also show up in the Gmane archives +sooner than they do at <https://lists.gnu.org>. + +Obsolete Lists +-------------- + +Previously, the mailing list <wget@sunsite.dk> was used as the main +discussion list, and another list, <wget-patches@sunsite.dk> was used +for submitting and discussing patches to GNU Wget. + + Messages from <wget@sunsite.dk> are archived at + <https://www.mail-archive.com/wget%40sunsite.dk/> and at + <http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.general> (which also + continues to archive the current list, <bug-wget@gnu.org>). + + Messages from <wget-patches@sunsite.dk> are archived at + <http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.patches>. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Internet Relay Chat, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Mailing Lists, Up: Various + +8.5 Internet Relay Chat +======================= + +In addition to the mailinglists, we also have a support channel set up +via IRC at ‘irc.freenode.org’, ‘#wget’. Come check it out! + + +File: wget.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Portability, Prev: Internet Relay Chat, Up: Various + +8.6 Reporting Bugs +================== + +You are welcome to submit bug reports via the GNU Wget bug tracker (see +<https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?func=additem&group=wget>) or to our +mailing list <bug-wget@gnu.org>. + + Visit <https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-wget> to get more +info (how to subscribe, list archives, ...). + + Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few +simple guidelines. + + 1. Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug. + If Wget crashes, it’s a bug. If Wget does not behave as + documented, it’s a bug. If things work strange, but you are not + sure about the way they are supposed to work, it might well be a + bug, but you might want to double-check the documentation and the + mailing lists (*note Mailing Lists::). + + 2. Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible. E.g. + if Wget crashes while downloading ‘wget -rl0 -kKE -t5 --no-proxy + http://example.com -o /tmp/log’, you should try to see if the crash + is repeatable, and if will occur with a simpler set of options. + You might even try to start the download at the page where the + crash occurred to see if that page somehow triggered the crash. + + Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of + your ‘.wgetrc’ file, just dumping it into the debug message is + probably a bad idea. Instead, you should first try to see if the + bug repeats with ‘.wgetrc’ moved out of the way. Only if it turns + out that ‘.wgetrc’ settings affect the bug, mail me the relevant + parts of the file. + + 3. Please start Wget with ‘-d’ option and send us the resulting output + (or relevant parts thereof). If Wget was compiled without debug + support, recompile it—it is _much_ easier to trace bugs with debug + support on. + + Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive + information from the debug log before sending it to the bug + address. The ‘-d’ won’t go out of its way to collect sensitive + information, but the log _will_ contain a fairly complete + transcript of Wget’s communication with the server, which may + include passwords and pieces of downloaded data. Since the bug + address is publicly archived, you may assume that all bug reports + are visible to the public. + + 4. If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g. ‘gdb `which + wget` core’ and type ‘where’ to get the backtrace. This may not + work if the system administrator has disabled core files, but it is + safe to try. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Portability, Next: Signals, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Various + +8.7 Portability +=============== + +Like all GNU software, Wget works on the GNU system. However, since it +uses GNU Autoconf for building and configuring, and mostly avoids using +“special” features of any particular Unix, it should compile (and work) +on all common Unix flavors. + + Various Wget versions have been compiled and tested under many kinds +of Unix systems, including GNU/Linux, Solaris, SunOS 4.x, Mac OS X, OSF +(aka Digital Unix or Tru64), Ultrix, *BSD, IRIX, AIX, and others. Some +of those systems are no longer in widespread use and may not be able to +support recent versions of Wget. If Wget fails to compile on your +system, we would like to know about it. + + Thanks to kind contributors, this version of Wget compiles and works +on 32-bit Microsoft Windows platforms. It has been compiled +successfully using MS Visual C++ 6.0, Watcom, Borland C, and GCC +compilers. Naturally, it is crippled of some features available on +Unix, but it should work as a substitute for people stuck with Windows. +Note that Windows-specific portions of Wget are not guaranteed to be +supported in the future, although this has been the case in practice for +many years now. All questions and problems in Windows usage should be +reported to Wget mailing list at <wget@sunsite.dk> where the volunteers +who maintain the Windows-related features might look at them. + + Support for building on MS-DOS via DJGPP has been contributed by +Gisle Vanem; a port to VMS is maintained by Steven Schweda, and is +available at <https://antinode.info/dec/sw/wget.html>. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Signals, Prev: Portability, Up: Various + +8.8 Signals +=========== + +Since the purpose of Wget is background work, it catches the hangup +signal (‘SIGHUP’) and ignores it. If the output was on standard output, +it will be redirected to a file named ‘wget-log’. Otherwise, ‘SIGHUP’ +is ignored. This is convenient when you wish to redirect the output of +Wget after having started it. + + $ wget http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz & + ... + $ kill -HUP %% + SIGHUP received, redirecting output to `wget-log'. + + Other than that, Wget will not try to interfere with signals in any +way. ‘C-c’, ‘kill -TERM’ and ‘kill -KILL’ should kill it alike. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Appendices, Next: Copying this manual, Prev: Various, Up: Top + +9 Appendices +************ + +This chapter contains some references I consider useful. + +* Menu: + +* Robot Exclusion:: Wget’s support for RES. +* Security Considerations:: Security with Wget. +* Contributors:: People who helped. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Robot Exclusion, Next: Security Considerations, Prev: Appendices, Up: Appendices + +9.1 Robot Exclusion +=================== + +It is extremely easy to make Wget wander aimlessly around a web site, +sucking all the available data in progress. ‘wget -r SITE’, and you’re +set. Great? Not for the server admin. + + As long as Wget is only retrieving static pages, and doing it at a +reasonable rate (see the ‘--wait’ option), there’s not much of a +problem. The trouble is that Wget can’t tell the difference between the +smallest static page and the most demanding CGI. A site I know has a +section handled by a CGI Perl script that converts Info files to HTML on +the fly. The script is slow, but works well enough for human users +viewing an occasional Info file. However, when someone’s recursive Wget +download stumbles upon the index page that links to all the Info files +through the script, the system is brought to its knees without providing +anything useful to the user (This task of converting Info files could be +done locally and access to Info documentation for all installed GNU +software on a system is available from the ‘info’ command). + + To avoid this kind of accident, as well as to preserve privacy for +documents that need to be protected from well-behaved robots, the +concept of “robot exclusion” was invented. The idea is that the server +administrators and document authors can specify which portions of the +site they wish to protect from robots and those they will permit access. + + The most popular mechanism, and the de facto standard supported by +all the major robots, is the “Robots Exclusion Standard” (RES) written +by Martijn Koster et al. in 1994. It specifies the format of a text +file containing directives that instruct the robots which URL paths to +avoid. To be found by the robots, the specifications must be placed in +‘/robots.txt’ in the server root, which the robots are expected to +download and parse. + + Although Wget is not a web robot in the strictest sense of the word, +it can download large parts of the site without the user’s intervention +to download an individual page. Because of that, Wget honors RES when +downloading recursively. For instance, when you issue: + + wget -r http://www.example.com/ + + First the index of ‘www.example.com’ will be downloaded. If Wget +finds that it wants to download more documents from that server, it will +request ‘http://www.example.com/robots.txt’ and, if found, use it for +further downloads. ‘robots.txt’ is loaded only once per each server. + + Until version 1.8, Wget supported the first version of the standard, +written by Martijn Koster in 1994 and available at +<http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html>. As of version 1.8, Wget has +supported the additional directives specified in the internet draft +‘<draft-koster-robots-00.txt>’ titled “A Method for Web Robots Control”. +The draft, which has as far as I know never made to an RFC, is available +at <http://www.robotstxt.org/norobots-rfc.txt>. + + This manual no longer includes the text of the Robot Exclusion +Standard. + + The second, less known mechanism, enables the author of an individual +document to specify whether they want the links from the file to be +followed by a robot. This is achieved using the ‘META’ tag, like this: + + <meta name="robots" content="nofollow"> + + This is explained in some detail at +<http://www.robotstxt.org/meta.html>. Wget supports this method of +robot exclusion in addition to the usual ‘/robots.txt’ exclusion. + + If you know what you are doing and really really wish to turn off the +robot exclusion, set the ‘robots’ variable to ‘off’ in your ‘.wgetrc’. +You can achieve the same effect from the command line using the ‘-e’ +switch, e.g. ‘wget -e robots=off URL...’. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Security Considerations, Next: Contributors, Prev: Robot Exclusion, Up: Appendices + +9.2 Security Considerations +=========================== + +When using Wget, you must be aware that it sends unencrypted passwords +through the network, which may present a security problem. Here are the +main issues, and some solutions. + + 1. The passwords on the command line are visible using ‘ps’. The best + way around it is to use ‘wget -i -’ and feed the URLs to Wget’s + standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by ‘C-d’. + Another workaround is to use ‘.netrc’ to store passwords; however, + storing unencrypted passwords is also considered a security risk. + + 2. Using the insecure “basic” authentication scheme, unencrypted + passwords are transmitted through the network routers and gateways. + + 3. The FTP passwords are also in no way encrypted. There is no good + solution for this at the moment. + + 4. Although the “normal” output of Wget tries to hide the passwords, + debugging logs show them, in all forms. This problem is avoided by + being careful when you send debug logs (yes, even when you send + them to me). + + +File: wget.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Security Considerations, Up: Appendices + +9.3 Contributors +================ + +GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nikšić <hniksic@xemacs.org>, + + However, the development of Wget could never have gone as far as it +has, were it not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, +feature proposals, patches, or letters saying “Thanks!”. + + Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order): + + • Dan Harkless—contributed a lot of code and documentation of + extremely high quality, as well as the ‘--page-requisites’ and + related options. He was the principal maintainer for some time and + released Wget 1.6. + + • Ian Abbott—contributed bug fixes, Windows-related fixes, and + provided a prototype implementation of the breadth-first recursive + download. Co-maintained Wget during the 1.8 release cycle. + + • The dotsrc.org crew, in particular Karsten Thygesen—donated system + resources such as the mailing list, web space, FTP space, and + version control repositories, along with a lot of time to make + these actually work. Christian Reiniger was of invaluable help + with setting up Subversion. + + • Heiko Herold—provided high-quality Windows builds and contributed + bug and build reports for many years. + + • Shawn McHorse—bug reports and patches. + + • Kaveh R. Ghazi—on-the-fly ‘ansi2knr’-ization. Lots of portability + fixes. + + • Gordon Matzigkeit—‘.netrc’ support. + + • Zlatko Čalušić, Tomislav Vujec and Dražen Kačar—feature suggestions + and “philosophical” discussions. + + • Darko Budor—initial port to Windows. + + • Antonio Rosella—help and suggestions, plus the initial Italian + translation. + + • Tomislav Petrović, Mario Mikočević—many bug reports and + suggestions. + + • Françis Pinard—many thorough bug reports and discussions. + + • Karl Eichwalder—lots of help with internationalization, Makefile + layout and many other things. + + • Junio Hamano—donated support for Opie and HTTP ‘Digest’ + authentication. + + • Mauro Tortonesi—improved IPv6 support, adding support for dual + family systems. Refactored and enhanced FTP IPv6 code. Maintained + GNU Wget from 2004–2007. + + • Christopher G. Lewis—maintenance of the Windows version of GNU + WGet. + + • Gisle Vanem—many helpful patches and improvements, especially for + Windows and MS-DOS support. + + • Ralf Wildenhues—contributed patches to convert Wget to use Automake + as part of its build process, and various bugfixes. + + • Steven Schubiger—Many helpful patches, bugfixes and improvements. + Notably, conversion of Wget to use the Gnulib quotes and quoteargs + modules, and the addition of password prompts at the console, via + the Gnulib getpasswd-gnu module. + + • Ted Mielczarek—donated support for CSS. + + • Saint Xavier—Support for IRIs (RFC 3987). + + • Tim Rühsen—Loads of helpful patches, especially fuzzing support and + Continuous Integration. Maintainer since 2014. + + • Darshit Shah—Many helpful patches. Community support on various + platforms. Maintainer since 2014. + + • People who provided donations for development—including Brian + Gough. + + The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful +suggestions, beta testing services, fan mail and all the other things +that make maintenance so much fun: + + Tim Adam, Adrian Aichner, Martin Baehr, Dieter Baron, Roger Beeman, +Dan Berger, T. Bharath, Christian Biere, Paul Bludov, Daniel Bodea, Mark +Boyns, John Burden, Julien Buty, Wanderlei Cavassin, Gilles Cedoc, Tim +Charron, Noel Cragg, Kristijan Čonkaš, John Daily, Andreas Damm, Ahmon +Dancy, Andrew Davison, Bertrand Demiddelaer, Alexander Dergachev, Andrew +Deryabin, Ulrich Drepper, Marc Duponcheel, Damir Džeko, Alan Eldridge, +Hans-Andreas Engel, Aleksandar Erkalović, Andy Eskilsson, João Ferreira, +Christian Fraenkel, David Fritz, Mike Frysinger, Charles C. Fu, +FUJISHIMA Satsuki, Masashi Fujita, Howard Gayle, Marcel Gerrits, Lemble +Gregory, Hans Grobler, Alain Guibert, Mathieu Guillaume, Aaron Hawley, +Jochen Hein, Karl Heuer, Madhusudan Hosaagrahara, HIROSE Masaaki, Ulf +Harnhammar, Gregor Hoffleit, Erik Magnus Hulthen, Richard Huveneers, +Jonas Jensen, Larry Jones, Simon Josefsson, Mario Jurić, Hack Kampbjørn, +Const Kaplinsky, Goran Kezunović, Igor Khristophorov, Robert Kleine, +KOJIMA Haime, Fila Kolodny, Alexander Kourakos, Martin Kraemer, Sami +Krank, Jay Krell, Σίμος Ξενιτέλλης (Simos KSenitellis), Christian +Lackas, Hrvoje Lacko, Daniel S. Lewart, Nicolás Lichtmeier, Dave Love, +Alexander V. Lukyanov, Thomas Lußnig, Andre Majorel, Aurelien Marchand, +Matthew J. Mellon, Jordan Mendelson, Ted Mielczarek, Robert Millan, Lin +Zhe Min, Jan Minar, Tim Mooney, Keith Moore, Adam D. Moss, Simon Munton, +Charlie Negyesi, R. K. Owen, Jim Paris, Kenny Parnell, Leonid Petrov, +Simone Piunno, Andrew Pollock, Steve Pothier, Jan Přikryl, Marin Purgar, +Csaba Ráduly, Keith Refson, Bill Richardson, Tyler Riddle, Tobias +Ringstrom, Jochen Roderburg, Juan José Rodríguez, Maciej W. Rozycki, +Edward J. Sabol, Heinz Salzmann, Robert Schmidt, Nicolas Schodet, Benno +Schulenberg, Andreas Schwab, Steven M. Schweda, Chris Seawood, Pranab +Shenoy, Dennis Smit, Toomas Soome, Tage Stabell-Kulo, Philip Stadermann, +Daniel Stenberg, Sven Sternberger, Markus Strasser, John Summerfield, +Szakacsits Szabolcs, Mike Thomas, Philipp Thomas, Mauro Tortonesi, Dave +Turner, Gisle Vanem, Rabin Vincent, Russell Vincent, Željko Vrba, +Charles G Waldman, Douglas E. Wegscheid, Ralf Wildenhues, Joshua David +Williams, Benjamin Wolsey, Saint Xavier, YAMAZAKI Makoto, Jasmin Zainul, +Bojan Ždrnja, Kristijan Zimmer, Xin Zou. + + Apologies to all who I accidentally left out, and many thanks to all +the subscribers of the Wget mailing list. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Copying this manual, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Appendices, Up: Top + +Appendix A Copying this manual +****************************** + +* Menu: + +* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. + + +File: wget.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Copying this manual, Up: Copying this manual + +A.1 GNU Free Documentation License +================================== + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright © 2000-2002, 2007-2008, 2015, 2018-2020 Free + Software Foundation, Inc. + <http://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, + with or without modifying it, either commercially or + noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the + author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not + being considered responsible for modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a + free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. But this License is not limited to + software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless + of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We + recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is + instruction or reference. + + 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS + + This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, + that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can + be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice + grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, + to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The + “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member + of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept + the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way + requiring permission under copyright law. + + A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the + Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with + modifications and/or translated into another language. + + A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section + of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the + publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall + subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could + fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document + is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not + explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of + historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or + of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position + regarding them. + + The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose + titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the + notice that says that the Document is released under this License. + If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it + is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may + contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify + any Invariant Sections then there are none. + + The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are + listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice + that says that the Document is released under this License. A + Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may + be at most 25 words. + + A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, + represented in a format whose specification is available to the + general public, that is suitable for revising the document + straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed + of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely + available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text + formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats + suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise + Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has + been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by + readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if + used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not + “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. + + Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain + ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, + SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming + simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. + Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. + Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and + edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which + the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and + the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word + processors for output purposes only. + + The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, + plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the + material this License requires to appear in the title page. For + works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title + Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the + work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. + + The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies + of the Document to the public. + + A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document + whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses + following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ + stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as + “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) + To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the + Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according + to this definition. + + The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice + which states that this License applies to the Document. These + Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in + this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other + implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and + has no effect on the meaning of this License. + + 2. VERBATIM COPYING + + You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either + commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the + copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License + applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you + add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You + may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading + or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, + you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you + distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the + conditions in section 3. + + You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, + and you may publicly display copies. + + 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY + + If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly + have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and + the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must + enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all + these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and + Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly + and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The + front cover must present the full title with all words of the title + equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the + covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as + long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these + conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. + + If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit + legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit + reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto + adjacent pages. + + If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document + numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable + Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with + each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general + network-using public has access to download using public-standard + network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free + of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take + reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque + copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will + remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one + year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or + through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. + + It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of + the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, + to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the + Document. + + 4. MODIFICATIONS + + You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document + under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you + release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the + Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing + distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever + possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in + the Modified Version: + + A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title + distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous + versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the + History section of the Document). You may use the same title + as a previous version if the original publisher of that + version gives permission. + + B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or + entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in + the Modified Version, together with at least five of the + principal authors of the Document (all of its principal + authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you + from this requirement. + + C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the + Modified Version, as the publisher. + + D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. + + E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications + adjacent to the other copyright notices. + + F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license + notice giving the public permission to use the Modified + Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in + the Addendum below. + + G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant + Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s + license notice. + + H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. + + I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, + and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new + authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the + Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the + Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and + publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add + an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the + previous sentence. + + J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document + for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and + likewise the network locations given in the Document for + previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the + “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work + that was published at least four years before the Document + itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers + to gives permission. + + K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, + Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section + all the substance and tone of each of the contributor + acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. + + L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered + in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the + equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. + + M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section + may not be included in the Modified Version. + + N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled + “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant + Section. + + O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. + + If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or + appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no + material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate + some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their + titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s + license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other + section titles. + + You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains + nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various + parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has + been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of + a standard. + + You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, + and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of + the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage + of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or + through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document + already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added + by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on + behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old + one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added + the old one. + + The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this + License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to + assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. + + 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS + + You may combine the Document with other documents released under + this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for + modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all + of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, + unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your + combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all + their Warranty Disclaimers. + + The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and + multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single + copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name + but different contents, make the title of each such section unique + by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the + original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a + unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in + the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the + combined work. + + In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled + “History” in the various original documents, forming one section + Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled + “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You + must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.” + + 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS + + You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other + documents released under this License, and replace the individual + copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy + that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the + rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents + in all other respects. + + You may extract a single document from such a collection, and + distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert + a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this + License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that + document. + + 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS + + A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other + separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a + storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the + copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the + legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual + works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this + License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which + are not themselves derivative works of the Document. + + If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these + copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half + of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed + on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the + electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic + form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket + the whole aggregate. + + 8. TRANSLATION + + Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may + distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section + 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special + permission from their copyright holders, but you may include + translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the + original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a + translation of this License, and all the license notices in the + Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also + include the original English version of this License and the + original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a + disagreement between the translation and the original version of + this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will + prevail. + + If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, + “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to + Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the + actual title. + + 9. TERMINATION + + You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document + except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt + otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, + and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. + + However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your + license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) + provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and + finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the + copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some + reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. + + Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is + reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the + violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have + received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from + that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days + after your receipt of the notice. + + Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate + the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you + under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not + permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the + same material does not give you any rights to use it. + + 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + + The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of + the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new + versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may + differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See + <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. + + Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version + number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered + version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you + have the option of following the terms and conditions either of + that specified version or of any later version that has been + published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the + Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may + choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free + Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can + decide which future versions of this License can be used, that + proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently + authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. + + 11. RELICENSING + + “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any + World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also + provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A + public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. + A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the + site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC + site. + + “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 + license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit + corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, + California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license + published by that same organization. + + “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or + in part, as part of another Document. + + An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this + License, and if all works that were first published under this + License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently + incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover + texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior + to November 1, 2008. + + The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the + site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, + 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. + +ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents +==================================================== + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and license +notices just after the title page: + + Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover +Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this: + + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being LIST. + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free +software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit +their use in free software. + + +File: wget.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Copying this manual, Up: Top + +Concept Index +************* + + +* Menu: + +* #wget: Internet Relay Chat. (line 6) +* .css extension: HTTP Options. (line 10) +* .html extension: HTTP Options. (line 10) +* .listing files, removing: FTP Options. (line 21) +* .netrc: Startup File. (line 6) +* .wgetrc: Startup File. (line 6) +* accept directories: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 17) +* accept suffixes: Types of Files. (line 15) +* accept wildcards: Types of Files. (line 15) +* append to log: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 11) +* arguments: Invoking. (line 6) +* authentication: Download Options. (line 536) +* authentication <1>: HTTP Options. (line 43) +* authentication <2>: HTTP Options. (line 393) +* authentication credentials: Download Options. (line 113) +* backing up converted files: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 103) +* backing up files: Download Options. (line 107) +* bandwidth, limit: Download Options. (line 330) +* base for relative links in input file: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 111) +* bind address: Download Options. (line 6) +* bind DNS address: Download Options. (line 11) +* bug reports: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) +* bugs: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) +* cache: HTTP Options. (line 71) +* caching of DNS lookups: Download Options. (line 415) +* case fold: Recursive Accept/Reject Options. + (line 62) +* client DNS address: Download Options. (line 11) +* client IP address: Download Options. (line 6) +* clobbering, file: Download Options. (line 68) +* command line: Invoking. (line 6) +* comments, HTML: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 181) +* connect timeout: Download Options. (line 314) +* Content On Error: HTTP Options. (line 380) +* Content-Disposition: HTTP Options. (line 363) +* Content-Encoding, choose: HTTP Options. (line 197) +* Content-Length, ignore: HTTP Options. (line 160) +* continue retrieval: Download Options. (line 118) +* continue retrieval <1>: Download Options. (line 177) +* contributors: Contributors. (line 6) +* conversion of links: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 45) +* cookies: HTTP Options. (line 80) +* cookies, loading: HTTP Options. (line 90) +* cookies, saving: HTTP Options. (line 138) +* cookies, session: HTTP Options. (line 143) +* cut directories: Directory Options. (line 32) +* debug: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 17) +* default page name: HTTP Options. (line 6) +* delete after retrieval: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 29) +* directories: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 6) +* directories, exclude: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 30) +* directories, include: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 17) +* directory limits: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 6) +* directory prefix: Directory Options. (line 59) +* DNS cache: Download Options. (line 415) +* DNS IP address, client, DNS: Download Options. (line 11) +* DNS IP address, client, DNS <1>: Download Options. (line 19) +* DNS server: Download Options. (line 19) +* DNS timeout: Download Options. (line 308) +* dot style: Download Options. (line 189) +* downloading multiple times: Download Options. (line 68) +* EGD: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 142) +* entropy, specifying source of: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 127) +* examples: Examples. (line 6) +* exclude directories: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 30) +* execute wgetrc command: Basic Startup Options. + (line 19) +* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* features: Overview. (line 6) +* file names, restrict: Download Options. (line 434) +* file permissions: FTP Options. (line 73) +* filling proxy cache: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 29) +* follow FTP links: Recursive Accept/Reject Options. + (line 34) +* following ftp links: FTP Links. (line 6) +* following links: Following Links. (line 6) +* force html: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 104) +* ftp authentication: FTP Options. (line 6) +* ftp password: FTP Options. (line 6) +* ftp time-stamping: FTP Time-Stamping Internals. + (line 6) +* ftp user: FTP Options. (line 6) +* globbing, toggle: FTP Options. (line 45) +* hangup: Signals. (line 6) +* header, add: HTTP Options. (line 171) +* hosts, spanning: Spanning Hosts. (line 6) +* HSTS: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 161) +* HTML comments: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 181) +* http password: HTTP Options. (line 43) +* http referer: HTTP Options. (line 229) +* http time-stamping: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals. + (line 6) +* http user: HTTP Options. (line 43) +* idn support: Download Options. (line 558) +* ignore case: Recursive Accept/Reject Options. + (line 62) +* ignore length: HTTP Options. (line 160) +* include directories: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 17) +* incomplete downloads: Download Options. (line 118) +* incomplete downloads <1>: Download Options. (line 177) +* incremental updating: Time-Stamping. (line 6) +* index.html: HTTP Options. (line 6) +* input-file: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 46) +* input-metalink: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 69) +* Internet Relay Chat: Internet Relay Chat. (line 6) +* invoking: Invoking. (line 6) +* IP address, client: Download Options. (line 6) +* IPv6: Download Options. (line 484) +* IRC: Internet Relay Chat. (line 6) +* iri support: Download Options. (line 558) +* Keep-Alive, turning off: HTTP Options. (line 59) +* keep-badhash: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 73) +* latest version: Distribution. (line 6) +* limit bandwidth: Download Options. (line 330) +* link conversion: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 45) +* links: Following Links. (line 6) +* list: Mailing Lists. (line 5) +* loading cookies: HTTP Options. (line 90) +* local encoding: Download Options. (line 567) +* location of wgetrc: Wgetrc Location. (line 6) +* log file: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 6) +* mailing list: Mailing Lists. (line 6) +* metalink-index: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 85) +* metalink-over-http: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 78) +* mirroring: Very Advanced Usage. (line 6) +* no parent: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 43) +* no-clobber: Download Options. (line 68) +* nohup: Invoking. (line 6) +* number of tries: Download Options. (line 26) +* offset: Download Options. (line 177) +* operating systems: Portability. (line 6) +* option syntax: Option Syntax. (line 6) +* Other HTTP Methods: HTTP Options. (line 330) +* output file: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 6) +* overview: Overview. (line 6) +* page requisites: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 116) +* passive ftp: FTP Options. (line 61) +* password: Download Options. (line 536) +* pause: Download Options. (line 350) +* Persistent Connections, disabling: HTTP Options. (line 59) +* portability: Portability. (line 6) +* POST: HTTP Options. (line 262) +* preferred-location: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 93) +* progress indicator: Download Options. (line 189) +* proxies: Proxies. (line 6) +* proxy: Download Options. (line 391) +* proxy <1>: HTTP Options. (line 71) +* proxy authentication: HTTP Options. (line 220) +* proxy filling: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 29) +* proxy password: HTTP Options. (line 220) +* proxy user: HTTP Options. (line 220) +* quiet: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 28) +* quota: Download Options. (line 398) +* random wait: Download Options. (line 373) +* randomness, specifying source of: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 127) +* rate, limit: Download Options. (line 330) +* read timeout: Download Options. (line 319) +* recursion: Recursive Download. (line 6) +* recursive download: Recursive Download. (line 6) +* redirect: HTTP Options. (line 214) +* redirecting output: Advanced Usage. (line 89) +* referer, http: HTTP Options. (line 229) +* reject directories: Directory-Based Limits. + (line 30) +* reject suffixes: Types of Files. (line 39) +* reject wildcards: Types of Files. (line 39) +* relative links: Relative Links. (line 6) +* remote encoding: Download Options. (line 581) +* reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs. (line 6) +* required images, downloading: Recursive Retrieval Options. + (line 116) +* resume download: Download Options. (line 118) +* resume download <1>: Download Options. (line 177) +* retries: Download Options. (line 26) +* retries, waiting between: Download Options. (line 364) +* retrieving: Recursive Download. (line 6) +* robot exclusion: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) +* robots.txt: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) +* sample wgetrc: Sample Wgetrc. (line 6) +* saving cookies: HTTP Options. (line 138) +* security: Security Considerations. + (line 6) +* server maintenance: Robot Exclusion. (line 6) +* server response, print: Download Options. (line 274) +* server response, save: HTTP Options. (line 236) +* session cookies: HTTP Options. (line 143) +* signal handling: Signals. (line 6) +* spanning hosts: Spanning Hosts. (line 6) +* specify config: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 124) +* spider: Download Options. (line 279) +* SSL: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 6) +* SSL certificate: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 73) +* SSL certificate authority: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 99) +* SSL certificate type, specify: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 79) +* SSL certificate, check: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 44) +* SSL CRL, certificate revocation list: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 111) +* SSL protocol, choose: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 11) +* SSL Public Key Pin: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 115) +* start position: Download Options. (line 177) +* startup: Startup File. (line 6) +* startup file: Startup File. (line 6) +* suffixes, accept: Types of Files. (line 15) +* suffixes, reject: Types of Files. (line 39) +* symbolic links, retrieving: FTP Options. (line 77) +* syntax of options: Option Syntax. (line 6) +* syntax of wgetrc: Wgetrc Syntax. (line 6) +* tag-based recursive pruning: Recursive Accept/Reject Options. + (line 38) +* time-stamping: Time-Stamping. (line 6) +* time-stamping usage: Time-Stamping Usage. (line 6) +* timeout: Download Options. (line 290) +* timeout, connect: Download Options. (line 314) +* timeout, DNS: Download Options. (line 308) +* timeout, read: Download Options. (line 319) +* timestamping: Time-Stamping. (line 6) +* tries: Download Options. (line 26) +* Trust server names: HTTP Options. (line 385) +* types of files: Types of Files. (line 6) +* unlink: Download Options. (line 596) +* updating the archives: Time-Stamping. (line 6) +* URL: URL Format. (line 6) +* URL syntax: URL Format. (line 6) +* usage, time-stamping: Time-Stamping Usage. (line 6) +* user: Download Options. (line 536) +* user-agent: HTTP Options. (line 240) +* various: Various. (line 6) +* verbose: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 32) +* wait: Download Options. (line 350) +* wait, random: Download Options. (line 373) +* waiting between retries: Download Options. (line 364) +* WARC: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options. + (line 240) +* web site: Web Site. (line 6) +* Wget as spider: Download Options. (line 279) +* wgetrc: Startup File. (line 6) +* wgetrc commands: Wgetrc Commands. (line 6) +* wgetrc location: Wgetrc Location. (line 6) +* wgetrc syntax: Wgetrc Syntax. (line 6) +* wildcards, accept: Types of Files. (line 15) +* wildcards, reject: Types of Files. (line 39) +* Windows file names: Download Options. (line 434) +* xattr: Logging and Input File Options. + (line 97) + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top749 +Node: Overview2082 +Node: Invoking5774 +Node: URL Format6634 +Ref: URL Format-Footnote-19313 +Node: Option Syntax9419 +Node: Basic Startup Options12197 +Node: Logging and Input File Options13055 +Node: Download Options18684 +Node: Directory Options48327 +Node: HTTP Options51178 +Node: HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options71862 +Node: FTP Options85019 +Node: Recursive Retrieval Options92081 +Node: Recursive Accept/Reject Options102122 +Node: Exit Status106327 +Node: Recursive Download107362 +Node: Following Links110601 +Node: Spanning Hosts111567 +Node: Types of Files113836 +Node: Directory-Based Limits118730 +Node: Relative Links121997 +Node: FTP Links122847 +Node: Time-Stamping123738 +Node: Time-Stamping Usage125410 +Node: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals127282 +Ref: HTTP Time-Stamping Internals-Footnote-1128630 +Node: FTP Time-Stamping Internals128833 +Node: Startup File130320 +Node: Wgetrc Location131260 +Node: Wgetrc Syntax132114 +Node: Wgetrc Commands132879 +Node: Sample Wgetrc149472 +Node: Examples155500 +Node: Simple Usage155861 +Node: Advanced Usage157310 +Node: Very Advanced Usage161126 +Node: Various162670 +Node: Proxies163379 +Node: Distribution166336 +Node: Web Site166676 +Node: Mailing Lists166976 +Node: Internet Relay Chat168713 +Node: Reporting Bugs169008 +Node: Portability171734 +Node: Signals173381 +Node: Appendices174088 +Node: Robot Exclusion174436 +Node: Security Considerations178298 +Node: Contributors179508 +Node: Copying this manual185484 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License185724 +Node: Concept Index211081 + +End Tag Table + + +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: |