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diff --git a/doc/install/manual-freebsd-deployment.rst b/doc/install/manual-freebsd-deployment.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ed47e1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/install/manual-freebsd-deployment.rst @@ -0,0 +1,528 @@ +============================== + Manual Deployment on FreeBSD +============================== + +This a largely a copy of the regular Manual Deployment with FreeBSD specifics. +The difference lies in two parts: The underlying diskformat, and the way to use +the tools. + +All Ceph clusters require at least one monitor, and at least as many OSDs as +copies of an object stored on the cluster. Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s) +is the first step in deploying a Ceph Storage Cluster. Monitor deployment also +sets important criteria for the entire cluster, such as the number of replicas +for pools, the number of placement groups per OSD, the heartbeat intervals, +whether authentication is required, etc. Most of these values are set by +default, so it's useful to know about them when setting up your cluster for +production. + +We will set up a cluster with ``node1`` as the monitor node, and ``node2`` and +``node3`` for OSD nodes. + + + +.. ditaa:: + + /------------------\ /----------------\ + | Admin Node | | node1 | + | +-------->+ | + | | | cCCC | + \---------+--------/ \----------------/ + | + | /----------------\ + | | node2 | + +----------------->+ | + | | cCCC | + | \----------------/ + | + | /----------------\ + | | node3 | + +----------------->| | + | cCCC | + \----------------/ + + + +Disklayout on FreeBSD +===================== + +Current implementation works on ZFS pools + +* All Ceph data is created in /var/lib/ceph +* Log files go into /var/log/ceph +* PID files go into /var/log/run +* One ZFS pool is allocated per OSD, like:: + + gpart create -s GPT ada1 + gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1 ada1 + zpool create -m /var/lib/ceph/osd/osd.1 osd.1 gpt/osd.1 + +* Some cache and log (ZIL) can be attached. + Please note that this is different from the Ceph journals. Cache and log are + totally transparent for Ceph, and help the file system to keep the system + consistent and help performance. + Assuming that ada2 is an SSD:: + + gpart create -s GPT ada2 + gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1-log -s 1G ada2 + zpool add osd.1 log gpt/osd.1-log + gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1-cache -s 10G ada2 + zpool add osd.1 log gpt/osd.1-cache + +* Note: *UFS2 does not allow large xattribs* + + +Configuration +------------- + +As per FreeBSD default parts of extra software go into ``/usr/local/``. Which +means that for ``/etc/ceph.conf`` the default location is +``/usr/local/etc/ceph/ceph.conf``. Smartest thing to do is to create a softlink +from ``/etc/ceph`` to ``/usr/local/etc/ceph``:: + + ln -s /usr/local/etc/ceph /etc/ceph + +A sample file is provided in ``/usr/local/share/doc/ceph/sample.ceph.conf`` +Note that ``/usr/local/etc/ceph/ceph.conf`` will be found by most tools, +linking it to ``/etc/ceph/ceph.conf`` will help with any scripts that are found +in extra tools, scripts, and/or discussionlists. + +Monitor Bootstrapping +===================== + +Bootstrapping a monitor (a Ceph Storage Cluster, in theory) requires +a number of things: + +- **Unique Identifier:** The ``fsid`` is a unique identifier for the cluster, + and stands for File System ID from the days when the Ceph Storage Cluster was + principally for the Ceph File System. Ceph now supports native interfaces, + block devices, and object storage gateway interfaces too, so ``fsid`` is a + bit of a misnomer. + +- **Cluster Name:** Ceph clusters have a cluster name, which is a simple string + without spaces. The default cluster name is ``ceph``, but you may specify + a different cluster name. Overriding the default cluster name is + especially useful when you are working with multiple clusters and you need to + clearly understand which cluster your are working with. + + For example, when you run multiple clusters in a :ref:`multisite configuration <multisite>`, + the cluster name (e.g., ``us-west``, ``us-east``) identifies the cluster for + the current CLI session. **Note:** To identify the cluster name on the + command line interface, specify the a Ceph configuration file with the + cluster name (e.g., ``ceph.conf``, ``us-west.conf``, ``us-east.conf``, etc.). + Also see CLI usage (``ceph --cluster {cluster-name}``). + +- **Monitor Name:** Each monitor instance within a cluster has a unique name. + In common practice, the Ceph Monitor name is the host name (we recommend one + Ceph Monitor per host, and no commingling of Ceph OSD Daemons with + Ceph Monitors). You may retrieve the short hostname with ``hostname -s``. + +- **Monitor Map:** Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s) requires you to + generate a monitor map. The monitor map requires the ``fsid``, the cluster + name (or uses the default), and at least one host name and its IP address. + +- **Monitor Keyring**: Monitors communicate with each other via a + secret key. You must generate a keyring with a monitor secret and provide + it when bootstrapping the initial monitor(s). + +- **Administrator Keyring**: To use the ``ceph`` CLI tools, you must have + a ``client.admin`` user. So you must generate the admin user and keyring, + and you must also add the ``client.admin`` user to the monitor keyring. + +The foregoing requirements do not imply the creation of a Ceph Configuration +file. However, as a best practice, we recommend creating a Ceph configuration +file and populating it with the ``fsid``, the ``mon initial members`` and the +``mon host`` settings. + +You can get and set all of the monitor settings at runtime as well. However, +a Ceph Configuration file may contain only those settings that override the +default values. When you add settings to a Ceph configuration file, these +settings override the default settings. Maintaining those settings in a +Ceph configuration file makes it easier to maintain your cluster. + +The procedure is as follows: + + +#. Log in to the initial monitor node(s):: + + ssh {hostname} + + For example:: + + ssh node1 + + +#. Ensure you have a directory for the Ceph configuration file. By default, + Ceph uses ``/etc/ceph``. When you install ``ceph``, the installer will + create the ``/etc/ceph`` directory automatically. :: + + ls /etc/ceph + +#. Create a Ceph configuration file. By default, Ceph uses + ``ceph.conf``, where ``ceph`` reflects the cluster name. :: + + sudo vim /etc/ceph/ceph.conf + + +#. Generate a unique ID (i.e., ``fsid``) for your cluster. :: + + uuidgen + + +#. Add the unique ID to your Ceph configuration file. :: + + fsid = {UUID} + + For example:: + + fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 + + +#. Add the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration file. :: + + mon initial members = {hostname}[,{hostname}] + + For example:: + + mon initial members = node1 + + +#. Add the IP address(es) of the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration + file and save the file. :: + + mon host = {ip-address}[,{ip-address}] + + For example:: + + mon host = 192.168.0.1 + + **Note:** You may use IPv6 addresses instead of IPv4 addresses, but + you must set ``ms bind ipv6`` to ``true``. See `Network Configuration + Reference`_ for details about network configuration. + +#. Create a keyring for your cluster and generate a monitor secret key. :: + + ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *' + + +#. Generate an administrator keyring, generate a ``client.admin`` user and add + the user to the keyring. :: + + sudo ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow *' --cap mgr 'allow *' + + +#. Add the ``client.admin`` key to the ``ceph.mon.keyring``. :: + + ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring + + +#. Generate a monitor map using the hostname(s), host IP address(es) and the FSID. + Save it as ``/tmp/monmap``:: + + monmaptool --create --add {hostname} {ip-address} --fsid {uuid} /tmp/monmap + + For example:: + + monmaptool --create --add node1 192.168.0.1 --fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 /tmp/monmap + + +#. Create a default data directory (or directories) on the monitor host(s). :: + + sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/{cluster-name}-{hostname} + + For example:: + + sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1 + + See `Monitor Config Reference - Data`_ for details. + +#. Populate the monitor daemon(s) with the monitor map and keyring. :: + + sudo -u ceph ceph-mon [--cluster {cluster-name}] --mkfs -i {hostname} --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring + + For example:: + + sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i node1 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring + + +#. Consider settings for a Ceph configuration file. Common settings include + the following:: + + [global] + fsid = {cluster-id} + mon initial members = {hostname}[, {hostname}] + mon host = {ip-address}[, {ip-address}] + public network = {network}[, {network}] + cluster network = {network}[, {network}] + auth cluster required = cephx + auth service required = cephx + auth client required = cephx + osd journal size = {n} + osd pool default size = {n} # Write an object n times. + osd pool default min size = {n} # Allow writing n copy in a degraded state. + osd pool default pg num = {n} + osd pool default pgp num = {n} + osd crush chooseleaf type = {n} + + In the foregoing example, the ``[global]`` section of the configuration might + look like this:: + + [global] + fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 + mon initial members = node1 + mon host = 192.168.0.1 + public network = 192.168.0.0/24 + auth cluster required = cephx + auth service required = cephx + auth client required = cephx + osd journal size = 1024 + osd pool default size = 3 + osd pool default min size = 2 + osd pool default pg num = 333 + osd pool default pgp num = 333 + osd crush chooseleaf type = 1 + +#. Touch the ``done`` file. + + Mark that the monitor is created and ready to be started:: + + sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/done + +#. And for FreeBSD an entry for every monitor needs to be added to the config + file. (The requirement will be removed in future releases). + + The entry should look like:: + + [mon] + [mon.node1] + host = node1 # this name can be resolve + + +#. Start the monitor(s). + + For FreeBSD we use the rc.d init scripts (called bsdrc in Ceph):: + + sudo service ceph start start mon.node1 + + For this to work /etc/rc.conf also needs the entry to enable ceph:: + cat 'ceph_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf + + +#. Verify that Ceph created the default pools. :: + + ceph osd lspools + + You should see output like this:: + + 0 data + 1 metadata + 2 rbd + +#. Verify that the monitor is running. :: + + ceph -s + + You should see output that the monitor you started is up and running, and + you should see a health error indicating that placement groups are stuck + inactive. It should look something like this:: + + cluster a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 + health HEALTH_ERR 192 pgs stuck inactive; 192 pgs stuck unclean; no osds + monmap e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.0.1:6789/0}, election epoch 1, quorum 0 node1 + osdmap e1: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in + pgmap v2: 192 pgs, 3 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects + 0 kB used, 0 kB / 0 kB avail + 192 creating + + **Note:** Once you add OSDs and start them, the placement group health errors + should disappear. See the next section for details. + +.. _freebsd_adding_osds: + +Adding OSDs +=========== + +Once you have your initial monitor(s) running, you should add OSDs. Your cluster +cannot reach an ``active + clean`` state until you have enough OSDs to handle the +number of copies of an object (e.g., ``osd pool default size = 2`` requires at +least two OSDs). After bootstrapping your monitor, your cluster has a default +CRUSH map; however, the CRUSH map doesn't have any Ceph OSD Daemons mapped to +a Ceph Node. + + +Long Form +--------- + +Without the benefit of any helper utilities, create an OSD and add it to the +cluster and CRUSH map with the following procedure. To create the first two +OSDs with the long form procedure, execute the following on ``node2`` and +``node3``: + +#. Connect to the OSD host. :: + + ssh {node-name} + +#. Generate a UUID for the OSD. :: + + uuidgen + + +#. Create the OSD. If no UUID is given, it will be set automatically when the + OSD starts up. The following command will output the OSD number, which you + will need for subsequent steps. :: + + ceph osd create [{uuid} [{id}]] + + +#. Create the default directory on your new OSD. :: + + ssh {new-osd-host} + sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-number} + + Above are the ZFS instructions to do this for FreeBSD. + + +#. If the OSD is for a drive other than the OS drive, prepare it + for use with Ceph, and mount it to the directory you just created. + + +#. Initialize the OSD data directory. :: + + ssh {new-osd-host} + sudo ceph-osd -i {osd-num} --mkfs --mkkey --osd-uuid [{uuid}] + + The directory must be empty before you can run ``ceph-osd`` with the + ``--mkkey`` option. In addition, the ceph-osd tool requires specification + of custom cluster names with the ``--cluster`` option. + + +#. Register the OSD authentication key. The value of ``ceph`` for + ``ceph-{osd-num}`` in the path is the ``$cluster-$id``. If your + cluster name differs from ``ceph``, use your cluster name instead.:: + + sudo ceph auth add osd.{osd-num} osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-num}/keyring + + +#. Add your Ceph Node to the CRUSH map. :: + + ceph [--cluster {cluster-name}] osd crush add-bucket {hostname} host + + For example:: + + ceph osd crush add-bucket node1 host + + +#. Place the Ceph Node under the root ``default``. :: + + ceph osd crush move node1 root=default + + +#. Add the OSD to the CRUSH map so that it can begin receiving data. You may + also decompile the CRUSH map, add the OSD to the device list, add the host as a + bucket (if it's not already in the CRUSH map), add the device as an item in the + host, assign it a weight, recompile it and set it. :: + + ceph [--cluster {cluster-name}] osd crush add {id-or-name} {weight} [{bucket-type}={bucket-name} ...] + + For example:: + + ceph osd crush add osd.0 1.0 host=node1 + + +#. After you add an OSD to Ceph, the OSD is in your configuration. However, + it is not yet running. The OSD is ``down`` and ``in``. You must start + your new OSD before it can begin receiving data. + + For FreeBSD using rc.d init. + + After adding the OSD to ``ceph.conf``:: + + sudo service ceph start osd.{osd-num} + + For example:: + + sudo service ceph start osd.0 + sudo service ceph start osd.1 + + In this case, to allow the start of the daemon at each reboot you + must create an empty file like this:: + + sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{osd-num}/bsdrc + + For example:: + + sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/bsdrc + sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/bsdrc + + Once you start your OSD, it is ``up`` and ``in``. + + + +Adding MDS +========== + +In the below instructions, ``{id}`` is an arbitrary name, such as the hostname of the machine. + +#. Create the mds data directory.:: + + mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/{cluster-name}-{id} + +#. Create a keyring.:: + + ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/{cluster-name}-{id}/keyring --gen-key -n mds.{id} + +#. Import the keyring and set caps.:: + + ceph auth add mds.{id} osd "allow rwx" mds "allow *" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/{cluster}-{id}/keyring + +#. Add to ceph.conf.:: + + [mds.{id}] + host = {id} + +#. Start the daemon the manual way.:: + + ceph-mds --cluster {cluster-name} -i {id} -m {mon-hostname}:{mon-port} [-f] + +#. Start the daemon the right way (using ceph.conf entry).:: + + service ceph start + +#. If starting the daemon fails with this error:: + + mds.-1.0 ERROR: failed to authenticate: (22) Invalid argument + + Then make sure you do not have a keyring set in ceph.conf in the global section; move it to the client section; or add a keyring setting specific to this mds daemon. And verify that you see the same key in the mds data directory and ``ceph auth get mds.{id}`` output. + +#. Now you are ready to `create a Ceph file system`_. + + +Summary +======= + +Once you have your monitor and two OSDs up and running, you can watch the +placement groups peer by executing the following:: + + ceph -w + +To view the tree, execute the following:: + + ceph osd tree + +You should see output that looks something like this:: + + # id weight type name up/down reweight + -1 2 root default + -2 2 host node1 + 0 1 osd.0 up 1 + -3 1 host node2 + 1 1 osd.1 up 1 + +To add (or remove) additional monitors, see `Add/Remove Monitors`_. +To add (or remove) additional Ceph OSD Daemons, see `Add/Remove OSDs`_. + + +.. _Add/Remove Monitors: ../../rados/operations/add-or-rm-mons +.. _Add/Remove OSDs: ../../rados/operations/add-or-rm-osds +.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../../rados/configuration/network-config-ref +.. _Monitor Config Reference - Data: ../../rados/configuration/mon-config-ref#data +.. _create a Ceph file system: ../../cephfs/createfs |