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+.. _ceph-conf-common-settings:
+
+Common Settings
+===============
+
+The `Hardware Recommendations`_ section provides some hardware guidelines for
+configuring a Ceph Storage Cluster. It is possible for a single :term:`Ceph
+Node` to run multiple daemons. For example, a single node with multiple drives
+ususally runs one ``ceph-osd`` for each drive. Ideally, each node will be
+assigned to a particular type of process. For example, some nodes might run
+``ceph-osd`` daemons, other nodes might run ``ceph-mds`` daemons, and still
+other nodes might run ``ceph-mon`` daemons.
+
+Each node has a name. The name of a node can be found in its ``host`` setting.
+Monitors also specify a network address and port (that is, a domain name or IP
+address) that can be found in the ``addr`` setting. A basic configuration file
+typically specifies only minimal settings for each instance of monitor daemons.
+For example:
+
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+    [global]
+    mon_initial_members = ceph1
+    mon_host = 10.0.0.1
+
+.. important:: The ``host`` setting's value is the short name of the node. It
+   is not an FQDN. It is **NOT** an IP address. To retrieve the name of the
+   node, enter ``hostname -s`` on the command line. Unless you are deploying
+   Ceph manually, do not use ``host`` settings for anything other than initial
+   monitor setup.  **DO NOT** specify the ``host`` setting under individual
+   daemons when using deployment tools like ``chef`` or ``cephadm``. Such tools
+   are designed to enter the appropriate values for you in the cluster map.
+
+
+.. _ceph-network-config:
+
+Networks
+========
+
+For more about configuring a network for use with Ceph, see the `Network
+Configuration Reference`_ .
+
+
+Monitors
+========
+
+Ceph production clusters typically provision at least three :term:`Ceph
+Monitor` daemons to ensure availability in the event of a monitor instance
+crash. A minimum of three :term:`Ceph Monitor` daemons ensures that the Paxos
+algorithm is able to determine which version of the :term:`Ceph Cluster Map` is
+the most recent. It makes this determination by consulting a majority of Ceph
+Monitors in the quorum.
+
+.. note:: You may deploy Ceph with a single monitor, but if the instance fails,
+   the lack of other monitors might interrupt data-service availability.
+
+Ceph Monitors normally listen on port ``3300`` for the new v2 protocol, and on
+port ``6789`` for the old v1 protocol.
+
+By default, Ceph expects to store monitor data on the following path::
+
+    /var/lib/ceph/mon/$cluster-$id
+
+You or a deployment tool (for example, ``cephadm``) must create the
+corresponding directory. With metavariables fully expressed and a cluster named
+"ceph", the path specified in the above example evaluates to::
+
+    /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-a
+
+For additional details, see the `Monitor Config Reference`_.
+
+.. _Monitor Config Reference: ../mon-config-ref
+
+
+.. _ceph-osd-config:
+
+Authentication
+==============
+
+.. versionadded:: Bobtail 0.56
+
+Authentication is explicitly enabled or disabled in the ``[global]`` section of
+the Ceph configuration file, as shown here:
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+    auth_cluster_required = cephx
+    auth_service_required = cephx
+    auth_client_required = cephx
+
+In addition, you should enable message signing. For details, see `Cephx Config
+Reference`_.
+
+.. _Cephx Config Reference: ../auth-config-ref
+
+
+.. _ceph-monitor-config:
+
+
+OSDs
+====
+
+By default, Ceph expects to store a Ceph OSD Daemon's data on the following
+path::
+
+    /var/lib/ceph/osd/$cluster-$id
+
+You or a deployment tool (for example, ``cephadm``) must create the
+corresponding directory. With metavariables fully expressed and a cluster named
+"ceph", the path specified in the above example evaluates to::
+
+    /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
+
+You can override this path using the ``osd_data`` setting. We recommend that
+you do not change the default location. To create the default directory on your
+OSD host, run the following commands:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+    ssh {osd-host}
+    sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{osd-number}
+
+The ``osd_data`` path ought to lead to a mount point that has mounted on it a
+device that is distinct from the device that contains the operating system and
+the daemons. To use a device distinct from the device that contains the
+operating system and the daemons, prepare it for use with Ceph and mount it on
+the directory you just created by running the following commands:
+
+.. prompt:: bash $
+
+    ssh {new-osd-host}
+    sudo mkfs -t {fstype} /dev/{disk}
+    sudo mount -o user_xattr /dev/{disk} /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{osd-number}
+
+We recommend using the ``xfs`` file system when running :command:`mkfs`. (The
+``btrfs`` and ``ext4`` file systems are not recommended and are no longer
+tested.)
+
+For additional configuration details, see `OSD Config Reference`_.
+
+
+Heartbeats
+==========
+
+During runtime operations, Ceph OSD Daemons check up on other Ceph OSD Daemons
+and report their findings to the Ceph Monitor. This process does not require
+you to provide any settings. However, if you have network latency issues, you
+might want to modify the default settings.
+
+For additional details, see `Configuring Monitor/OSD Interaction`_.
+
+
+.. _ceph-logging-and-debugging:
+
+Logs / Debugging
+================
+
+You might sometimes encounter issues with Ceph that require you to use Ceph's
+logging and debugging features. For details on log rotation, see `Debugging and
+Logging`_.
+
+.. _Debugging and Logging: ../../troubleshooting/log-and-debug
+
+
+Example ceph.conf
+=================
+
+.. literalinclude:: demo-ceph.conf
+   :language: ini
+
+.. _ceph-runtime-config:
+
+
+
+Naming Clusters (deprecated)
+============================
+
+Each Ceph cluster has an internal name. This internal name is used as part of
+configuration, and as part of "log file" names as well as part of directory
+names and as part of mountpoint names. This name defaults to "ceph". Previous
+releases of Ceph allowed one to specify a custom name instead, for example
+"ceph2". This option was intended to facilitate the running of multiple logical
+clusters on the same physical hardware, but in practice it was rarely
+exploited. Custom cluster names should no longer be attempted. Old
+documentation might lead readers to wrongly think that unique cluster names are
+required to use ``rbd-mirror``. They are not required.
+
+Custom cluster names are now considered deprecated and the ability to deploy
+them has already been removed from some tools, although existing custom-name
+deployments continue to operate. The ability to run and manage clusters with
+custom names might be progressively removed by future Ceph releases, so **it is
+strongly recommended to deploy all new clusters with the default name "ceph"**.
+
+Some Ceph CLI commands accept a ``--cluster`` (cluster name) option. This
+option is present only for the sake of backward compatibility. New tools and
+deployments cannot be relied upon to accommodate this option.
+
+If you need to allow multiple clusters to exist on the same host, use
+:ref:`cephadm`, which uses containers to fully isolate each cluster.
+
+.. _Hardware Recommendations: ../../../start/hardware-recommendations
+.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../network-config-ref
+.. _OSD Config Reference: ../osd-config-ref
+.. _Configuring Monitor/OSD Interaction: ../mon-osd-interaction