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diff --git a/src/arrow/r/R/buffer.R b/src/arrow/r/R/buffer.R
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+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+#' @title Buffer class
+#' @usage NULL
+#' @format NULL
+#' @docType class
+#' @description A Buffer is an object containing a pointer to a piece of
+#' contiguous memory with a particular size.
+#' @section Factory:
+#' `buffer()` lets you create an `arrow::Buffer` from an R object
+#' @section Methods:
+#'
+#' - `$is_mutable` : is this buffer mutable?
+#' - `$ZeroPadding()` : zero bytes in padding, i.e. bytes between size and capacity
+#' - `$size` : size in memory, in bytes
+#' - `$capacity`: possible capacity, in bytes
+#'
+#' @rdname buffer
+#' @name buffer
+#' @examplesIf arrow_available()
+#' my_buffer <- buffer(c(1, 2, 3, 4))
+#' my_buffer$is_mutable
+#' my_buffer$ZeroPadding()
+#' my_buffer$size
+#' my_buffer$capacity
+#' @export
+#' @include arrow-package.R
+#' @include enums.R
+Buffer <- R6Class("Buffer",
+  inherit = ArrowObject,
+  public = list(
+    ZeroPadding = function() Buffer__ZeroPadding(self),
+    data = function() Buffer__data(self),
+    Equals = function(other, ...) {
+      inherits(other, "Buffer") && Buffer__Equals(self, other)
+    }
+  ),
+  active = list(
+    is_mutable = function() Buffer__is_mutable(self),
+    size = function() Buffer__size(self),
+    capacity = function() Buffer__capacity(self)
+  )
+)
+
+Buffer$create <- function(x) {
+  if (inherits(x, "Buffer")) {
+    x
+  } else if (inherits(x, c("raw", "numeric", "integer", "complex"))) {
+    r___RBuffer__initialize(x)
+  } else if (inherits(x, "BufferOutputStream")) {
+    x$finish()
+  } else {
+    stop("Cannot convert object of class ", class(x), " to arrow::Buffer")
+  }
+}
+
+#' @param x R object. Only raw, numeric and integer vectors are currently supported
+#' @return an instance of `Buffer` that borrows memory from `x`
+#' @export
+buffer <- Buffer$create
+
+#' @export
+as.raw.Buffer <- function(x) x$data()