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diff --git a/src/arrow/r/tests/testthat/test-duckdb.R b/src/arrow/r/tests/testthat/test-duckdb.R
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+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+skip_if_not_installed("duckdb", minimum_version = "0.2.8")
+skip_if_not_installed("dbplyr")
+skip_if_not_available("dataset")
+skip_on_cran()
+
+library(duckdb, quietly = TRUE)
+library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
+
+test_that("to_duckdb", {
+  ds <- InMemoryDataset$create(example_data)
+
+  expect_identical(
+    ds %>%
+      to_duckdb() %>%
+      collect() %>%
+      # factors don't roundtrip https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/issues/1879
+      select(!fct),
+    select(example_data, !fct)
+  )
+
+  expect_identical(
+    ds %>%
+      select(int, lgl, dbl) %>%
+      to_duckdb() %>%
+      group_by(lgl) %>%
+      summarise(mean_int = mean(int, na.rm = TRUE), mean_dbl = mean(dbl, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
+      collect(),
+    tibble::tibble(
+      lgl = c(TRUE, NA, FALSE),
+      mean_int = c(3, 6.25, 8.5),
+      mean_dbl = c(3.1, 6.35, 6.1)
+    )
+  )
+
+  # can group_by before the to_duckdb
+  expect_identical(
+    ds %>%
+      select(int, lgl, dbl) %>%
+      group_by(lgl) %>%
+      to_duckdb() %>%
+      summarise(mean_int = mean(int, na.rm = TRUE), mean_dbl = mean(dbl, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
+      collect(),
+    tibble::tibble(
+      lgl = c(TRUE, NA, FALSE),
+      mean_int = c(3, 6.25, 8.5),
+      mean_dbl = c(3.1, 6.35, 6.1)
+    )
+  )
+})
+
+test_that("to_duckdb then to_arrow", {
+  ds <- InMemoryDataset$create(example_data)
+
+  ds_rt <- ds %>%
+    to_duckdb() %>%
+    # factors don't roundtrip https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/issues/1879
+    select(-fct) %>%
+    to_arrow()
+
+  expect_identical(
+    collect(ds_rt),
+    ds %>%
+      select(-fct) %>%
+      collect()
+  )
+
+  # And we can continue the pipeline
+  ds_rt <- ds %>%
+    to_duckdb() %>%
+    # factors don't roundtrip https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/issues/1879
+    select(-fct) %>%
+    to_arrow() %>%
+    filter(int > 5)
+
+  expect_identical(
+    collect(ds_rt),
+    ds %>%
+      select(-fct) %>%
+      filter(int > 5) %>%
+      collect()
+  )
+
+  # Now check errors
+  ds_rt <- ds %>%
+    to_duckdb() %>%
+    # factors don't roundtrip https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/issues/1879
+    select(-fct)
+
+  # alter the class of ds_rt's connection to simulate some other database
+  class(ds_rt$src$con) <- "some_other_connection"
+
+  expect_error(
+    to_arrow(ds_rt),
+    "to_arrow\\(\\) currently only supports Arrow tables, Arrow datasets,"
+  )
+})
+
+# The next set of tests use an already-extant connection to test features of
+# persistence and querying against the table without using the `tbl` itself, so
+# we need to create a connection separate from the ephemeral one that is made
+# with arrow_duck_connection()
+con <- dbConnect(duckdb::duckdb())
+dbExecute(con, "PRAGMA threads=2")
+on.exit(dbDisconnect(con, shutdown = TRUE), add = TRUE)
+
+# write one table to the connection so it is kept open
+DBI::dbWriteTable(con, "mtcars", mtcars)
+
+test_that("Joining, auto-cleanup enabled", {
+  ds <- InMemoryDataset$create(example_data)
+
+  table_one_name <- "my_arrow_table_1"
+  table_one <- to_duckdb(ds, con = con, table_name = table_one_name, auto_disconnect = TRUE)
+  table_two_name <- "my_arrow_table_2"
+  table_two <- to_duckdb(ds, con = con, table_name = table_two_name, auto_disconnect = TRUE)
+
+  res <- dbGetQuery(
+    con,
+    paste0(
+      "SELECT * FROM ", table_one_name,
+      " INNER JOIN ", table_two_name,
+      " ON ", table_one_name, ".int = ", table_two_name, ".int"
+    )
+  )
+  expect_identical(dim(res), c(9L, 14L))
+
+  # clean up cleans up the tables
+  expect_true(all(c(table_one_name, table_two_name) %in% DBI::dbListTables(con)))
+  rm(table_one, table_two)
+  gc()
+  expect_false(any(c(table_one_name, table_two_name) %in% DBI::dbListTables(con)))
+})
+
+test_that("Joining, auto-cleanup disabled", {
+  ds <- InMemoryDataset$create(example_data)
+
+  table_three_name <- "my_arrow_table_3"
+  table_three <- to_duckdb(ds, con = con, table_name = table_three_name)
+
+  # clean up does *not* clean these tables
+  expect_true(table_three_name %in% DBI::dbListTables(con))
+  rm(table_three)
+  gc()
+  # but because we aren't auto_disconnecting then we still have this table.
+  expect_true(table_three_name %in% DBI::dbListTables(con))
+})
+
+test_that("to_duckdb with a table", {
+  tab <- Table$create(example_data)
+
+  expect_identical(
+    tab %>%
+      to_duckdb() %>%
+      group_by(int > 4) %>%
+      summarise(
+        int_mean = mean(int, na.rm = TRUE),
+        dbl_mean = mean(dbl, na.rm = TRUE)
+      ) %>%
+      collect(),
+    tibble::tibble(
+      "int > 4" = c(FALSE, NA, TRUE),
+      int_mean = c(2, NA, 7.5),
+      dbl_mean = c(2.1, 4.1, 7.3)
+    )
+  )
+})
+
+test_that("to_duckdb passing a connection", {
+  ds <- InMemoryDataset$create(example_data)
+
+  con_separate <- dbConnect(duckdb::duckdb())
+  # we always want to test in parallel
+  dbExecute(con_separate, "PRAGMA threads=2")
+  on.exit(dbDisconnect(con_separate, shutdown = TRUE), add = TRUE)
+
+  # create a table to join to that we know is in our con_separate
+  new_df <- data.frame(
+    int = 1:10,
+    char = letters[26:17],
+    stringsAsFactors = FALSE
+  )
+  DBI::dbWriteTable(con_separate, "separate_join_table", new_df)
+
+  table_four <- ds %>%
+    select(int, lgl, dbl) %>%
+    to_duckdb(con = con_separate, auto_disconnect = FALSE)
+  table_four_name <- table_four$ops$x
+
+  result <- DBI::dbGetQuery(
+    con_separate,
+    paste0(
+      "SELECT * FROM ", table_four_name,
+      " INNER JOIN separate_join_table ",
+      "ON separate_join_table.int = ", table_four_name, ".int"
+    )
+  )
+
+  expect_identical(dim(result), c(9L, 5L))
+  expect_identical(result$char, new_df[new_df$int != 4, ]$char)
+})