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+// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "rocksdb/rocksdb_namespace.h"
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+// Defers the execution of the provided function until the Defer
+// object goes out of scope.
+//
+// Usage example:
+//
+// Status DeferTest() {
+// Status s;
+// Defer defer([&s]() {
+// if (!s.ok()) {
+// // do cleanups ...
+// }
+// });
+// // do something ...
+// if (!s.ok()) return;
+// // do some other things ...
+// return s;
+// }
+//
+// The above code ensures that cleanups will always happen on returning.
+//
+// Without the help of Defer, you can
+// 1. every time when !s.ok(), do the cleanup;
+// 2. instead of returning when !s.ok(), continue the work only when s.ok(),
+// but sometimes, this might lead to nested blocks of "if (s.ok()) {...}".
+//
+// With the help of Defer, you can centralize the cleanup logic inside the
+// lambda passed to Defer, and you can return immediately on failure when
+// necessary.
+class Defer final {
+ public:
+ explicit Defer(std::function<void()>&& fn) : fn_(std::move(fn)) {}
+ ~Defer() { fn_(); }
+
+ // Disallow copy.
+ Defer(const Defer&) = delete;
+ Defer& operator=(const Defer&) = delete;
+
+ private:
+ std::function<void()> fn_;
+};
+
+// An RAII utility object that saves the current value of an object so that
+// it can be overwritten, and restores it to the saved value when the
+// SaveAndRestore object goes out of scope.
+template <typename T>
+class SaveAndRestore {
+ public:
+ // obj is non-null pointer to value to be saved and later restored.
+ explicit SaveAndRestore(T* obj) : obj_(obj), saved_(*obj) {}
+ // new_value is stored in *obj
+ SaveAndRestore(T* obj, const T& new_value)
+ : obj_(obj), saved_(std::move(*obj)) {
+ *obj = new_value;
+ }
+ SaveAndRestore(T* obj, T&& new_value) : obj_(obj), saved_(std::move(*obj)) {
+ *obj = std::move(new_value);
+ }
+ ~SaveAndRestore() { *obj_ = std::move(saved_); }
+
+ // No copies
+ SaveAndRestore(const SaveAndRestore&) = delete;
+ SaveAndRestore& operator=(const SaveAndRestore&) = delete;
+
+ private:
+ T* const obj_;
+ T saved_;
+};
+
+} // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE