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+// Copyright 2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Support for matching file paths against Unix shell style patterns.
+//!
+//! The `glob` and `glob_with` functions allow querying the filesystem for all
+//! files that match a particular pattern (similar to the libc `glob` function).
+//! The methods on the `Pattern` type provide functionality for checking if
+//! individual paths match a particular pattern (similar to the libc `fnmatch`
+//! function).
+//!
+//! For consistency across platforms, and for Windows support, this module
+//! is implemented entirely in Rust rather than deferring to the libc
+//! `glob`/`fnmatch` functions.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//!
+//! To print all jpg files in `/media/` and all of its subdirectories.
+//!
+//! ```rust,no_run
+//! use glob::glob;
+//!
+//! for entry in glob("/media/**/*.jpg").expect("Failed to read glob pattern") {
+//! match entry {
+//! Ok(path) => println!("{:?}", path.display()),
+//! Err(e) => println!("{:?}", e),
+//! }
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! To print all files containing the letter "a", case insensitive, in a `local`
+//! directory relative to the current working directory. This ignores errors
+//! instead of printing them.
+//!
+//! ```rust,no_run
+//! use glob::glob_with;
+//! use glob::MatchOptions;
+//!
+//! let options = MatchOptions {
+//! case_sensitive: false,
+//! require_literal_separator: false,
+//! require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+//! };
+//! for entry in glob_with("local/*a*", options).unwrap() {
+//! if let Ok(path) = entry {
+//! println!("{:?}", path.display())
+//! }
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+#![doc(
+ html_logo_url = "https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk-v2.png",
+ html_favicon_url = "https://www.rust-lang.org/favicon.ico",
+ html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/glob/0.3.1"
+)]
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate doc_comment;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+doctest!("../README.md");
+
+use std::cmp;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fs;
+use std::io;
+use std::path::{self, Component, Path, PathBuf};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use CharSpecifier::{CharRange, SingleChar};
+use MatchResult::{EntirePatternDoesntMatch, Match, SubPatternDoesntMatch};
+use PatternToken::AnyExcept;
+use PatternToken::{AnyChar, AnyRecursiveSequence, AnySequence, AnyWithin, Char};
+
+/// An iterator that yields `Path`s from the filesystem that match a particular
+/// pattern.
+///
+/// Note that it yields `GlobResult` in order to report any `IoErrors` that may
+/// arise during iteration. If a directory matches but is unreadable,
+/// thereby preventing its contents from being checked for matches, a
+/// `GlobError` is returned to express this.
+///
+/// See the `glob` function for more details.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Paths {
+ dir_patterns: Vec<Pattern>,
+ require_dir: bool,
+ options: MatchOptions,
+ todo: Vec<Result<(PathBuf, usize), GlobError>>,
+ scope: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+/// Return an iterator that produces all the `Path`s that match the given
+/// pattern using default match options, which may be absolute or relative to
+/// the current working directory.
+///
+/// This may return an error if the pattern is invalid.
+///
+/// This method uses the default match options and is equivalent to calling
+/// `glob_with(pattern, MatchOptions::new())`. Use `glob_with` directly if you
+/// want to use non-default match options.
+///
+/// When iterating, each result is a `GlobResult` which expresses the
+/// possibility that there was an `IoError` when attempting to read the contents
+/// of the matched path. In other words, each item returned by the iterator
+/// will either be an `Ok(Path)` if the path matched, or an `Err(GlobError)` if
+/// the path (partially) matched _but_ its contents could not be read in order
+/// to determine if its contents matched.
+///
+/// See the `Paths` documentation for more information.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Consider a directory `/media/pictures` containing only the files
+/// `kittens.jpg`, `puppies.jpg` and `hamsters.gif`:
+///
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// use glob::glob;
+///
+/// for entry in glob("/media/pictures/*.jpg").unwrap() {
+/// match entry {
+/// Ok(path) => println!("{:?}", path.display()),
+///
+/// // if the path matched but was unreadable,
+/// // thereby preventing its contents from matching
+/// Err(e) => println!("{:?}", e),
+/// }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The above code will print:
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// /media/pictures/kittens.jpg
+/// /media/pictures/puppies.jpg
+/// ```
+///
+/// If you want to ignore unreadable paths, you can use something like
+/// `filter_map`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use glob::glob;
+/// use std::result::Result;
+///
+/// for path in glob("/media/pictures/*.jpg").unwrap().filter_map(Result::ok) {
+/// println!("{}", path.display());
+/// }
+/// ```
+/// Paths are yielded in alphabetical order.
+pub fn glob(pattern: &str) -> Result<Paths, PatternError> {
+ glob_with(pattern, MatchOptions::new())
+}
+
+/// Return an iterator that produces all the `Path`s that match the given
+/// pattern using the specified match options, which may be absolute or relative
+/// to the current working directory.
+///
+/// This may return an error if the pattern is invalid.
+///
+/// This function accepts Unix shell style patterns as described by
+/// `Pattern::new(..)`. The options given are passed through unchanged to
+/// `Pattern::matches_with(..)` with the exception that
+/// `require_literal_separator` is always set to `true` regardless of the value
+/// passed to this function.
+///
+/// Paths are yielded in alphabetical order.
+pub fn glob_with(pattern: &str, options: MatchOptions) -> Result<Paths, PatternError> {
+ #[cfg(windows)]
+ fn check_windows_verbatim(p: &Path) -> bool {
+ match p.components().next() {
+ Some(Component::Prefix(ref p)) => p.kind().is_verbatim(),
+ _ => false,
+ }
+ }
+ #[cfg(not(windows))]
+ fn check_windows_verbatim(_: &Path) -> bool {
+ false
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(windows)]
+ fn to_scope(p: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+ // FIXME handle volume relative paths here
+ p.to_path_buf()
+ }
+ #[cfg(not(windows))]
+ fn to_scope(p: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+ p.to_path_buf()
+ }
+
+ // make sure that the pattern is valid first, else early return with error
+ if let Err(err) = Pattern::new(pattern) {
+ return Err(err);
+ }
+
+ let mut components = Path::new(pattern).components().peekable();
+ loop {
+ match components.peek() {
+ Some(&Component::Prefix(..)) | Some(&Component::RootDir) => {
+ components.next();
+ }
+ _ => break,
+ }
+ }
+ let rest = components.map(|s| s.as_os_str()).collect::<PathBuf>();
+ let normalized_pattern = Path::new(pattern).iter().collect::<PathBuf>();
+ let root_len = normalized_pattern.to_str().unwrap().len() - rest.to_str().unwrap().len();
+ let root = if root_len > 0 {
+ Some(Path::new(&pattern[..root_len]))
+ } else {
+ None
+ };
+
+ if root_len > 0 && check_windows_verbatim(root.unwrap()) {
+ // FIXME: How do we want to handle verbatim paths? I'm inclined to
+ // return nothing, since we can't very well find all UNC shares with a
+ // 1-letter server name.
+ return Ok(Paths {
+ dir_patterns: Vec::new(),
+ require_dir: false,
+ options,
+ todo: Vec::new(),
+ scope: None,
+ });
+ }
+
+ let scope = root.map_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("."), to_scope);
+
+ let mut dir_patterns = Vec::new();
+ let components =
+ pattern[cmp::min(root_len, pattern.len())..].split_terminator(path::is_separator);
+
+ for component in components {
+ dir_patterns.push(Pattern::new(component)?);
+ }
+
+ if root_len == pattern.len() {
+ dir_patterns.push(Pattern {
+ original: "".to_string(),
+ tokens: Vec::new(),
+ is_recursive: false,
+ });
+ }
+
+ let last_is_separator = pattern.chars().next_back().map(path::is_separator);
+ let require_dir = last_is_separator == Some(true);
+ let todo = Vec::new();
+
+ Ok(Paths {
+ dir_patterns,
+ require_dir,
+ options,
+ todo,
+ scope: Some(scope),
+ })
+}
+
+/// A glob iteration error.
+///
+/// This is typically returned when a particular path cannot be read
+/// to determine if its contents match the glob pattern. This is possible
+/// if the program lacks the appropriate permissions, for example.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct GlobError {
+ path: PathBuf,
+ error: io::Error,
+}
+
+impl GlobError {
+ /// The Path that the error corresponds to.
+ pub fn path(&self) -> &Path {
+ &self.path
+ }
+
+ /// The error in question.
+ pub fn error(&self) -> &io::Error {
+ &self.error
+ }
+
+ /// Consumes self, returning the _raw_ underlying `io::Error`
+ pub fn into_error(self) -> io::Error {
+ self.error
+ }
+}
+
+impl Error for GlobError {
+ #[allow(deprecated)]
+ fn description(&self) -> &str {
+ self.error.description()
+ }
+
+ #[allow(unknown_lints, bare_trait_objects)]
+ fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Error> {
+ Some(&self.error)
+ }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for GlobError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(
+ f,
+ "attempting to read `{}` resulted in an error: {}",
+ self.path.display(),
+ self.error
+ )
+ }
+}
+
+fn is_dir(p: &Path) -> bool {
+ fs::metadata(p).map(|m| m.is_dir()).unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+/// An alias for a glob iteration result.
+///
+/// This represents either a matched path or a glob iteration error,
+/// such as failing to read a particular directory's contents.
+pub type GlobResult = Result<PathBuf, GlobError>;
+
+impl Iterator for Paths {
+ type Item = GlobResult;
+
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<GlobResult> {
+ // the todo buffer hasn't been initialized yet, so it's done at this
+ // point rather than in glob() so that the errors are unified that is,
+ // failing to fill the buffer is an iteration error construction of the
+ // iterator (i.e. glob()) only fails if it fails to compile the Pattern
+ if let Some(scope) = self.scope.take() {
+ if !self.dir_patterns.is_empty() {
+ // Shouldn't happen, but we're using -1 as a special index.
+ assert!(self.dir_patterns.len() < !0 as usize);
+
+ fill_todo(&mut self.todo, &self.dir_patterns, 0, &scope, self.options);
+ }
+ }
+
+ loop {
+ if self.dir_patterns.is_empty() || self.todo.is_empty() {
+ return None;
+ }
+
+ let (path, mut idx) = match self.todo.pop().unwrap() {
+ Ok(pair) => pair,
+ Err(e) => return Some(Err(e)),
+ };
+
+ // idx -1: was already checked by fill_todo, maybe path was '.' or
+ // '..' that we can't match here because of normalization.
+ if idx == !0 as usize {
+ if self.require_dir && !is_dir(&path) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ return Some(Ok(path));
+ }
+
+ if self.dir_patterns[idx].is_recursive {
+ let mut next = idx;
+
+ // collapse consecutive recursive patterns
+ while (next + 1) < self.dir_patterns.len()
+ && self.dir_patterns[next + 1].is_recursive
+ {
+ next += 1;
+ }
+
+ if is_dir(&path) {
+ // the path is a directory, so it's a match
+
+ // push this directory's contents
+ fill_todo(
+ &mut self.todo,
+ &self.dir_patterns,
+ next,
+ &path,
+ self.options,
+ );
+
+ if next == self.dir_patterns.len() - 1 {
+ // pattern ends in recursive pattern, so return this
+ // directory as a result
+ return Some(Ok(path));
+ } else {
+ // advanced to the next pattern for this path
+ idx = next + 1;
+ }
+ } else if next == self.dir_patterns.len() - 1 {
+ // not a directory and it's the last pattern, meaning no
+ // match
+ continue;
+ } else {
+ // advanced to the next pattern for this path
+ idx = next + 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // not recursive, so match normally
+ if self.dir_patterns[idx].matches_with(
+ {
+ match path.file_name().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) {
+ // FIXME (#9639): How do we handle non-utf8 filenames?
+ // Ignore them for now; ideally we'd still match them
+ // against a *
+ None => continue,
+ Some(x) => x,
+ }
+ },
+ self.options,
+ ) {
+ if idx == self.dir_patterns.len() - 1 {
+ // it is not possible for a pattern to match a directory
+ // *AND* its children so we don't need to check the
+ // children
+
+ if !self.require_dir || is_dir(&path) {
+ return Some(Ok(path));
+ }
+ } else {
+ fill_todo(
+ &mut self.todo,
+ &self.dir_patterns,
+ idx + 1,
+ &path,
+ self.options,
+ );
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// A pattern parsing error.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
+pub struct PatternError {
+ /// The approximate character index of where the error occurred.
+ pub pos: usize,
+
+ /// A message describing the error.
+ pub msg: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl Error for PatternError {
+ fn description(&self) -> &str {
+ self.msg
+ }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for PatternError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(
+ f,
+ "Pattern syntax error near position {}: {}",
+ self.pos, self.msg
+ )
+ }
+}
+
+/// A compiled Unix shell style pattern.
+///
+/// - `?` matches any single character.
+///
+/// - `*` matches any (possibly empty) sequence of characters.
+///
+/// - `**` matches the current directory and arbitrary subdirectories. This
+/// sequence **must** form a single path component, so both `**a` and `b**`
+/// are invalid and will result in an error. A sequence of more than two
+/// consecutive `*` characters is also invalid.
+///
+/// - `[...]` matches any character inside the brackets. Character sequences
+/// can also specify ranges of characters, as ordered by Unicode, so e.g.
+/// `[0-9]` specifies any character between 0 and 9 inclusive. An unclosed
+/// bracket is invalid.
+///
+/// - `[!...]` is the negation of `[...]`, i.e. it matches any characters
+/// **not** in the brackets.
+///
+/// - The metacharacters `?`, `*`, `[`, `]` can be matched by using brackets
+/// (e.g. `[?]`). When a `]` occurs immediately following `[` or `[!` then it
+/// is interpreted as being part of, rather then ending, the character set, so
+/// `]` and NOT `]` can be matched by `[]]` and `[!]]` respectively. The `-`
+/// character can be specified inside a character sequence pattern by placing
+/// it at the start or the end, e.g. `[abc-]`.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default, Debug)]
+pub struct Pattern {
+ original: String,
+ tokens: Vec<PatternToken>,
+ is_recursive: bool,
+}
+
+/// Show the original glob pattern.
+impl fmt::Display for Pattern {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ self.original.fmt(f)
+ }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Pattern {
+ type Err = PatternError;
+
+ fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, PatternError> {
+ Self::new(s)
+ }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+enum PatternToken {
+ Char(char),
+ AnyChar,
+ AnySequence,
+ AnyRecursiveSequence,
+ AnyWithin(Vec<CharSpecifier>),
+ AnyExcept(Vec<CharSpecifier>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+enum CharSpecifier {
+ SingleChar(char),
+ CharRange(char, char),
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+enum MatchResult {
+ Match,
+ SubPatternDoesntMatch,
+ EntirePatternDoesntMatch,
+}
+
+const ERROR_WILDCARDS: &str = "wildcards are either regular `*` or recursive `**`";
+const ERROR_RECURSIVE_WILDCARDS: &str = "recursive wildcards must form a single path \
+ component";
+const ERROR_INVALID_RANGE: &str = "invalid range pattern";
+
+impl Pattern {
+ /// This function compiles Unix shell style patterns.
+ ///
+ /// An invalid glob pattern will yield a `PatternError`.
+ pub fn new(pattern: &str) -> Result<Self, PatternError> {
+ let chars = pattern.chars().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+ let mut tokens = Vec::new();
+ let mut is_recursive = false;
+ let mut i = 0;
+
+ while i < chars.len() {
+ match chars[i] {
+ '?' => {
+ tokens.push(AnyChar);
+ i += 1;
+ }
+ '*' => {
+ let old = i;
+
+ while i < chars.len() && chars[i] == '*' {
+ i += 1;
+ }
+
+ let count = i - old;
+
+ if count > 2 {
+ return Err(PatternError {
+ pos: old + 2,
+ msg: ERROR_WILDCARDS,
+ });
+ } else if count == 2 {
+ // ** can only be an entire path component
+ // i.e. a/**/b is valid, but a**/b or a/**b is not
+ // invalid matches are treated literally
+ let is_valid = if i == 2 || path::is_separator(chars[i - count - 1]) {
+ // it ends in a '/'
+ if i < chars.len() && path::is_separator(chars[i]) {
+ i += 1;
+ true
+ // or the pattern ends here
+ // this enables the existing globbing mechanism
+ } else if i == chars.len() {
+ true
+ // `**` ends in non-separator
+ } else {
+ return Err(PatternError {
+ pos: i,
+ msg: ERROR_RECURSIVE_WILDCARDS,
+ });
+ }
+ // `**` begins with non-separator
+ } else {
+ return Err(PatternError {
+ pos: old - 1,
+ msg: ERROR_RECURSIVE_WILDCARDS,
+ });
+ };
+
+ if is_valid {
+ // collapse consecutive AnyRecursiveSequence to a
+ // single one
+
+ let tokens_len = tokens.len();
+
+ if !(tokens_len > 1 && tokens[tokens_len - 1] == AnyRecursiveSequence) {
+ is_recursive = true;
+ tokens.push(AnyRecursiveSequence);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ tokens.push(AnySequence);
+ }
+ }
+ '[' => {
+ if i + 4 <= chars.len() && chars[i + 1] == '!' {
+ match chars[i + 3..].iter().position(|x| *x == ']') {
+ None => (),
+ Some(j) => {
+ let chars = &chars[i + 2..i + 3 + j];
+ let cs = parse_char_specifiers(chars);
+ tokens.push(AnyExcept(cs));
+ i += j + 4;
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ } else if i + 3 <= chars.len() && chars[i + 1] != '!' {
+ match chars[i + 2..].iter().position(|x| *x == ']') {
+ None => (),
+ Some(j) => {
+ let cs = parse_char_specifiers(&chars[i + 1..i + 2 + j]);
+ tokens.push(AnyWithin(cs));
+ i += j + 3;
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // if we get here then this is not a valid range pattern
+ return Err(PatternError {
+ pos: i,
+ msg: ERROR_INVALID_RANGE,
+ });
+ }
+ c => {
+ tokens.push(Char(c));
+ i += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ Ok(Self {
+ tokens,
+ original: pattern.to_string(),
+ is_recursive,
+ })
+ }
+
+ /// Escape metacharacters within the given string by surrounding them in
+ /// brackets. The resulting string will, when compiled into a `Pattern`,
+ /// match the input string and nothing else.
+ pub fn escape(s: &str) -> String {
+ let mut escaped = String::new();
+ for c in s.chars() {
+ match c {
+ // note that ! does not need escaping because it is only special
+ // inside brackets
+ '?' | '*' | '[' | ']' => {
+ escaped.push('[');
+ escaped.push(c);
+ escaped.push(']');
+ }
+ c => {
+ escaped.push(c);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ escaped
+ }
+
+ /// Return if the given `str` matches this `Pattern` using the default
+ /// match options (i.e. `MatchOptions::new()`).
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```rust
+ /// use glob::Pattern;
+ ///
+ /// assert!(Pattern::new("c?t").unwrap().matches("cat"));
+ /// assert!(Pattern::new("k[!e]tteh").unwrap().matches("kitteh"));
+ /// assert!(Pattern::new("d*g").unwrap().matches("doog"));
+ /// ```
+ pub fn matches(&self, str: &str) -> bool {
+ self.matches_with(str, MatchOptions::new())
+ }
+
+ /// Return if the given `Path`, when converted to a `str`, matches this
+ /// `Pattern` using the default match options (i.e. `MatchOptions::new()`).
+ pub fn matches_path(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+ // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
+ path.to_str().map_or(false, |s| self.matches(s))
+ }
+
+ /// Return if the given `str` matches this `Pattern` using the specified
+ /// match options.
+ pub fn matches_with(&self, str: &str, options: MatchOptions) -> bool {
+ self.matches_from(true, str.chars(), 0, options) == Match
+ }
+
+ /// Return if the given `Path`, when converted to a `str`, matches this
+ /// `Pattern` using the specified match options.
+ pub fn matches_path_with(&self, path: &Path, options: MatchOptions) -> bool {
+ // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
+ path.to_str()
+ .map_or(false, |s| self.matches_with(s, options))
+ }
+
+ /// Access the original glob pattern.
+ pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+ &self.original
+ }
+
+ fn matches_from(
+ &self,
+ mut follows_separator: bool,
+ mut file: std::str::Chars,
+ i: usize,
+ options: MatchOptions,
+ ) -> MatchResult {
+ for (ti, token) in self.tokens[i..].iter().enumerate() {
+ match *token {
+ AnySequence | AnyRecursiveSequence => {
+ // ** must be at the start.
+ debug_assert!(match *token {
+ AnyRecursiveSequence => follows_separator,
+ _ => true,
+ });
+
+ // Empty match
+ match self.matches_from(follows_separator, file.clone(), i + ti + 1, options) {
+ SubPatternDoesntMatch => (), // keep trying
+ m => return m,
+ };
+
+ while let Some(c) = file.next() {
+ if follows_separator && options.require_literal_leading_dot && c == '.' {
+ return SubPatternDoesntMatch;
+ }
+ follows_separator = path::is_separator(c);
+ match *token {
+ AnyRecursiveSequence if !follows_separator => continue,
+ AnySequence
+ if options.require_literal_separator && follows_separator =>
+ {
+ return SubPatternDoesntMatch
+ }
+ _ => (),
+ }
+ match self.matches_from(
+ follows_separator,
+ file.clone(),
+ i + ti + 1,
+ options,
+ ) {
+ SubPatternDoesntMatch => (), // keep trying
+ m => return m,
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ _ => {
+ let c = match file.next() {
+ Some(c) => c,
+ None => return EntirePatternDoesntMatch,
+ };
+
+ let is_sep = path::is_separator(c);
+
+ if !match *token {
+ AnyChar | AnyWithin(..) | AnyExcept(..)
+ if (options.require_literal_separator && is_sep)
+ || (follows_separator
+ && options.require_literal_leading_dot
+ && c == '.') =>
+ {
+ false
+ }
+ AnyChar => true,
+ AnyWithin(ref specifiers) => in_char_specifiers(&specifiers, c, options),
+ AnyExcept(ref specifiers) => !in_char_specifiers(&specifiers, c, options),
+ Char(c2) => chars_eq(c, c2, options.case_sensitive),
+ AnySequence | AnyRecursiveSequence => unreachable!(),
+ } {
+ return SubPatternDoesntMatch;
+ }
+ follows_separator = is_sep;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Iter is fused.
+ if file.next().is_none() {
+ Match
+ } else {
+ SubPatternDoesntMatch
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Fills `todo` with paths under `path` to be matched by `patterns[idx]`,
+// special-casing patterns to match `.` and `..`, and avoiding `readdir()`
+// calls when there are no metacharacters in the pattern.
+fn fill_todo(
+ todo: &mut Vec<Result<(PathBuf, usize), GlobError>>,
+ patterns: &[Pattern],
+ idx: usize,
+ path: &Path,
+ options: MatchOptions,
+) {
+ // convert a pattern that's just many Char(_) to a string
+ fn pattern_as_str(pattern: &Pattern) -> Option<String> {
+ let mut s = String::new();
+ for token in &pattern.tokens {
+ match *token {
+ Char(c) => s.push(c),
+ _ => return None,
+ }
+ }
+
+ Some(s)
+ }
+
+ let add = |todo: &mut Vec<_>, next_path: PathBuf| {
+ if idx + 1 == patterns.len() {
+ // We know it's good, so don't make the iterator match this path
+ // against the pattern again. In particular, it can't match
+ // . or .. globs since these never show up as path components.
+ todo.push(Ok((next_path, !0 as usize)));
+ } else {
+ fill_todo(todo, patterns, idx + 1, &next_path, options);
+ }
+ };
+
+ let pattern = &patterns[idx];
+ let is_dir = is_dir(path);
+ let curdir = path == Path::new(".");
+ match pattern_as_str(pattern) {
+ Some(s) => {
+ // This pattern component doesn't have any metacharacters, so we
+ // don't need to read the current directory to know where to
+ // continue. So instead of passing control back to the iterator,
+ // we can just check for that one entry and potentially recurse
+ // right away.
+ let special = "." == s || ".." == s;
+ let next_path = if curdir {
+ PathBuf::from(s)
+ } else {
+ path.join(&s)
+ };
+ if (special && is_dir) || (!special && fs::metadata(&next_path).is_ok()) {
+ add(todo, next_path);
+ }
+ }
+ None if is_dir => {
+ let dirs = fs::read_dir(path).and_then(|d| {
+ d.map(|e| {
+ e.map(|e| {
+ if curdir {
+ PathBuf::from(e.path().file_name().unwrap())
+ } else {
+ e.path()
+ }
+ })
+ })
+ .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+ });
+ match dirs {
+ Ok(mut children) => {
+ children.sort_by(|p1, p2| p2.file_name().cmp(&p1.file_name()));
+ todo.extend(children.into_iter().map(|x| Ok((x, idx))));
+
+ // Matching the special directory entries . and .. that
+ // refer to the current and parent directory respectively
+ // requires that the pattern has a leading dot, even if the
+ // `MatchOptions` field `require_literal_leading_dot` is not
+ // set.
+ if !pattern.tokens.is_empty() && pattern.tokens[0] == Char('.') {
+ for &special in &[".", ".."] {
+ if pattern.matches_with(special, options) {
+ add(todo, path.join(special));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ Err(e) => {
+ todo.push(Err(GlobError {
+ path: path.to_path_buf(),
+ error: e,
+ }));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ None => {
+ // not a directory, nothing more to find
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+fn parse_char_specifiers(s: &[char]) -> Vec<CharSpecifier> {
+ let mut cs = Vec::new();
+ let mut i = 0;
+ while i < s.len() {
+ if i + 3 <= s.len() && s[i + 1] == '-' {
+ cs.push(CharRange(s[i], s[i + 2]));
+ i += 3;
+ } else {
+ cs.push(SingleChar(s[i]));
+ i += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ cs
+}
+
+fn in_char_specifiers(specifiers: &[CharSpecifier], c: char, options: MatchOptions) -> bool {
+ for &specifier in specifiers.iter() {
+ match specifier {
+ SingleChar(sc) => {
+ if chars_eq(c, sc, options.case_sensitive) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ CharRange(start, end) => {
+ // FIXME: work with non-ascii chars properly (issue #1347)
+ if !options.case_sensitive && c.is_ascii() && start.is_ascii() && end.is_ascii() {
+ let start = start.to_ascii_lowercase();
+ let end = end.to_ascii_lowercase();
+
+ let start_up = start.to_uppercase().next().unwrap();
+ let end_up = end.to_uppercase().next().unwrap();
+
+ // only allow case insensitive matching when
+ // both start and end are within a-z or A-Z
+ if start != start_up && end != end_up {
+ let c = c.to_ascii_lowercase();
+ if c >= start && c <= end {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if c >= start && c <= end {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ false
+}
+
+/// A helper function to determine if two chars are (possibly case-insensitively) equal.
+fn chars_eq(a: char, b: char, case_sensitive: bool) -> bool {
+ if cfg!(windows) && path::is_separator(a) && path::is_separator(b) {
+ true
+ } else if !case_sensitive && a.is_ascii() && b.is_ascii() {
+ // FIXME: work with non-ascii chars properly (issue #9084)
+ a.to_ascii_lowercase() == b.to_ascii_lowercase()
+ } else {
+ a == b
+ }
+}
+
+/// Configuration options to modify the behaviour of `Pattern::matches_with(..)`.
+#[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct MatchOptions {
+ /// Whether or not patterns should be matched in a case-sensitive manner.
+ /// This currently only considers upper/lower case relationships between
+ /// ASCII characters, but in future this might be extended to work with
+ /// Unicode.
+ pub case_sensitive: bool,
+
+ /// Whether or not path-component separator characters (e.g. `/` on
+ /// Posix) must be matched by a literal `/`, rather than by `*` or `?` or
+ /// `[...]`.
+ pub require_literal_separator: bool,
+
+ /// Whether or not paths that contain components that start with a `.`
+ /// will require that `.` appears literally in the pattern; `*`, `?`, `**`,
+ /// or `[...]` will not match. This is useful because such files are
+ /// conventionally considered hidden on Unix systems and it might be
+ /// desirable to skip them when listing files.
+ pub require_literal_leading_dot: bool,
+}
+
+impl MatchOptions {
+ /// Constructs a new `MatchOptions` with default field values. This is used
+ /// when calling functions that do not take an explicit `MatchOptions`
+ /// parameter.
+ ///
+ /// This function always returns this value:
+ ///
+ /// ```rust,ignore
+ /// MatchOptions {
+ /// case_sensitive: true,
+ /// require_literal_separator: false,
+ /// require_literal_leading_dot: false
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// # Note
+ /// The behavior of this method doesn't match `default()`'s. This returns
+ /// `case_sensitive` as `true` while `default()` does it as `false`.
+ // FIXME: Consider unity the behavior with `default()` in a next major release.
+ pub fn new() -> Self {
+ Self {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::{glob, MatchOptions, Pattern};
+ use std::path::Path;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_from_str() {
+ assert!("a*b".parse::<Pattern>().unwrap().matches("a_b"));
+ assert!("a/**b".parse::<Pattern>().unwrap_err().pos == 4);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_wildcard_errors() {
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a/**b").unwrap_err().pos == 4);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a/bc**").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a/*****").unwrap_err().pos == 4);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a/b**c**d").unwrap_err().pos == 2);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a**b").unwrap_err().pos == 0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_unclosed_bracket_errors() {
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[def").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[!def").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[!").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[d").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[!d").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[]").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[!]").unwrap_err().pos == 3);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_glob_errors() {
+ assert!(glob("a/**b").err().unwrap().pos == 4);
+ assert!(glob("abc[def").err().unwrap().pos == 3);
+ }
+
+ // this test assumes that there is a /root directory and that
+ // the user running this test is not root or otherwise doesn't
+ // have permission to read its contents
+ #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "macos")))]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_iteration_errors() {
+ use std::io;
+ let mut iter = glob("/root/*").unwrap();
+
+ // GlobErrors shouldn't halt iteration
+ let next = iter.next();
+ assert!(next.is_some());
+
+ let err = next.unwrap();
+ assert!(err.is_err());
+
+ let err = err.err().unwrap();
+ assert!(err.path() == Path::new("/root"));
+ assert!(err.error().kind() == io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_absolute_pattern() {
+ assert!(glob("/").unwrap().next().is_some());
+ assert!(glob("//").unwrap().next().is_some());
+
+ // assume that the filesystem is not empty!
+ assert!(glob("/*").unwrap().next().is_some());
+
+ #[cfg(not(windows))]
+ fn win() {}
+
+ #[cfg(windows)]
+ fn win() {
+ use std::env::current_dir;
+ use std::path::Component;
+
+ // check windows absolute paths with host/device components
+ let root_with_device = current_dir()
+ .ok()
+ .and_then(|p| {
+ match p.components().next().unwrap() {
+ Component::Prefix(prefix_component) => {
+ let path = Path::new(prefix_component.as_os_str());
+ path.join("*");
+ Some(path.to_path_buf())
+ }
+ _ => panic!("no prefix in this path"),
+ }
+ })
+ .unwrap();
+ // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
+ assert!(glob(root_with_device.as_os_str().to_str().unwrap())
+ .unwrap()
+ .next()
+ .is_some());
+ }
+ win()
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_wildcards() {
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*b").unwrap().matches("a_b"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*b*c").unwrap().matches("abc"));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("a*b*c").unwrap().matches("abcd"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*b*c").unwrap().matches("a_b_c"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*b*c").unwrap().matches("a___b___c"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc*abc*abc")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches("abcabcabcabcabcabcabc"));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("abc*abc*abc")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches("abcabcabcabcabcabcabca"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a*b[xyz]c*d").unwrap().matches("abxcdbxcddd"));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_recursive_wildcards() {
+ let pat = Pattern::new("some/**/needle.txt").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/one/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/one/two/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/other/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("some/other/notthis.txt"));
+
+ // a single ** should be valid, for globs
+ // Should accept anything
+ let pat = Pattern::new("**").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.is_recursive);
+ assert!(pat.matches("abcde"));
+ assert!(pat.matches(""));
+ assert!(pat.matches(".asdf"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("/x/.asdf"));
+
+ // collapse consecutive wildcards
+ let pat = Pattern::new("some/**/**/needle.txt").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/one/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/one/two/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("some/other/needle.txt"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("some/other/notthis.txt"));
+
+ // ** can begin the pattern
+ let pat = Pattern::new("**/test").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches("one/two/test"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("one/test"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("test"));
+
+ // /** can begin the pattern
+ let pat = Pattern::new("/**/test").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches("/one/two/test"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("/one/test"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("/test"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("/one/notthis"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("/notthis"));
+
+ // Only start sub-patterns on start of path segment.
+ let pat = Pattern::new("**/.*").unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches(".abc"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("abc/.abc"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("ab.c"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("abc/ab.c"));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_lots_of_files() {
+ // this is a good test because it touches lots of differently named files
+ glob("/*/*/*/*").unwrap().skip(10000).next();
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_range_pattern() {
+ let pat = Pattern::new("a[0-9]b").unwrap();
+ for i in 0..10 {
+ assert!(pat.matches(&format!("a{}b", i)));
+ }
+ assert!(!pat.matches("a_b"));
+
+ let pat = Pattern::new("a[!0-9]b").unwrap();
+ for i in 0..10 {
+ assert!(!pat.matches(&format!("a{}b", i)));
+ }
+ assert!(pat.matches("a_b"));
+
+ let pats = ["[a-z123]", "[1a-z23]", "[123a-z]"];
+ for &p in pats.iter() {
+ let pat = Pattern::new(p).unwrap();
+ for c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".chars() {
+ assert!(pat.matches(&c.to_string()));
+ }
+ for c in "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".chars() {
+ let options = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: false,
+ ..MatchOptions::new()
+ };
+ assert!(pat.matches_with(&c.to_string(), options));
+ }
+ assert!(pat.matches("1"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("2"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("3"));
+ }
+
+ let pats = ["[abc-]", "[-abc]", "[a-c-]"];
+ for &p in pats.iter() {
+ let pat = Pattern::new(p).unwrap();
+ assert!(pat.matches("a"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("b"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("c"));
+ assert!(pat.matches("-"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("d"));
+ }
+
+ let pat = Pattern::new("[2-1]").unwrap();
+ assert!(!pat.matches("1"));
+ assert!(!pat.matches("2"));
+
+ assert!(Pattern::new("[-]").unwrap().matches("-"));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("[!-]").unwrap().matches("-"));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_matches() {
+ let txt_pat = Pattern::new("*hello.txt").unwrap();
+ assert!(txt_pat.matches("hello.txt"));
+ assert!(txt_pat.matches("gareth_says_hello.txt"));
+ assert!(txt_pat.matches("some/path/to/hello.txt"));
+ assert!(txt_pat.matches("some\\path\\to\\hello.txt"));
+ assert!(txt_pat.matches("/an/absolute/path/to/hello.txt"));
+ assert!(!txt_pat.matches("hello.txt-and-then-some"));
+ assert!(!txt_pat.matches("goodbye.txt"));
+
+ let dir_pat = Pattern::new("*some/path/to/hello.txt").unwrap();
+ assert!(dir_pat.matches("some/path/to/hello.txt"));
+ assert!(dir_pat.matches("a/bigger/some/path/to/hello.txt"));
+ assert!(!dir_pat.matches("some/path/to/hello.txt-and-then-some"));
+ assert!(!dir_pat.matches("some/other/path/to/hello.txt"));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_escape() {
+ let s = "_[_]_?_*_!_";
+ assert_eq!(Pattern::escape(s), "_[[]_[]]_[?]_[*]_!_".to_string());
+ assert!(Pattern::new(&Pattern::escape(s)).unwrap().matches(s));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_matches_case_insensitive() {
+ let pat = Pattern::new("aBcDeFg").unwrap();
+ let options = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: false,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+
+ assert!(pat.matches_with("aBcDeFg", options));
+ assert!(pat.matches_with("abcdefg", options));
+ assert!(pat.matches_with("ABCDEFG", options));
+ assert!(pat.matches_with("AbCdEfG", options));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_matches_case_insensitive_range() {
+ let pat_within = Pattern::new("[a]").unwrap();
+ let pat_except = Pattern::new("[!a]").unwrap();
+
+ let options_case_insensitive = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: false,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+ let options_case_sensitive = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+
+ assert!(pat_within.matches_with("a", options_case_insensitive));
+ assert!(pat_within.matches_with("A", options_case_insensitive));
+ assert!(!pat_within.matches_with("A", options_case_sensitive));
+
+ assert!(!pat_except.matches_with("a", options_case_insensitive));
+ assert!(!pat_except.matches_with("A", options_case_insensitive));
+ assert!(pat_except.matches_with("A", options_case_sensitive));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_matches_require_literal_separator() {
+ let options_require_literal = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: true,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+ let options_not_require_literal = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc/def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_require_literal));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("abc?def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_require_literal));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("abc*def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_require_literal));
+ assert!(!Pattern::new("abc[/]def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_require_literal));
+
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc/def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_not_require_literal));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc?def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_not_require_literal));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc*def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_not_require_literal));
+ assert!(Pattern::new("abc[/]def")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("abc/def", options_not_require_literal));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_pattern_matches_require_literal_leading_dot() {
+ let options_require_literal_leading_dot = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: true,
+ };
+ let options_not_require_literal_leading_dot = MatchOptions {
+ case_sensitive: true,
+ require_literal_separator: false,
+ require_literal_leading_dot: false,
+ };
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("*.txt")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with(".hello.txt", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(!f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new(".*.*")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with(".hello.txt", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("aaa/bbb/*")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("aaa/bbb/.ccc", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(!f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("aaa/bbb/*")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("aaa/bbb/c.c.c.", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("aaa/bbb/.*")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("aaa/bbb/.ccc", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("aaa/?bbb")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("aaa/.bbb", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(!f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| {
+ Pattern::new("aaa/[.]bbb")
+ .unwrap()
+ .matches_with("aaa/.bbb", options)
+ };
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(!f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+
+ let f = |options| Pattern::new("**/*").unwrap().matches_with(".bbb", options);
+ assert!(f(options_not_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ assert!(!f(options_require_literal_leading_dot));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_matches_path() {
+ // on windows, (Path::new("a/b").as_str().unwrap() == "a\\b"), so this
+ // tests that / and \ are considered equivalent on windows
+ assert!(Pattern::new("a/b").unwrap().matches_path(&Path::new("a/b")));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_path_join() {
+ let pattern = Path::new("one").join(&Path::new("**/*.rs"));
+ assert!(Pattern::new(pattern.to_str().unwrap()).is_ok());
+ }
+}