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+/* Determine whether the current process is running under QEMU.
+ Copyright (C) 2021-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+ License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* Written by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>, 2021. */
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <string.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+/* This function determines whether the current process is running under QEMU
+ (user-mode).
+
+ It does so by looking at parts of the environment that QEMU does not emulate
+ 100% perfectly well.
+
+ For comparison, the techniques given in the paper
+ Thomas Raffetseder, Christopher Kruegel, Engin Kirda
+ "Detecting System Emulators"
+ 2007
+ https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/pub-inf_5317.pdf
+ apply to both the QEMU system mode and QEMU user mode. */
+
+static bool
+is_running_under_qemu_user (void)
+{
+#ifdef __linux__
+ char buf[4096 + 1];
+ int fd;
+
+# if defined __m68k__
+ fd = open ("/proc/hardware", O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd >= 0)
+ {
+ int n = read (fd, buf, sizeof (buf) - 1);
+ close (fd);
+ if (n > 0)
+ {
+ buf[n] = '\0';
+ if (strstr (buf, "qemu") != NULL)
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+# endif
+
+ fd = open ("/proc/cpuinfo", O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd >= 0)
+ {
+ int n = read (fd, buf, sizeof (buf) - 1);
+ close (fd);
+ if (n > 0)
+ {
+ buf[n] = '\0';
+# if defined __hppa__
+ if (strstr (buf, "QEMU") != NULL)
+ return true;
+# endif
+# if !(defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__)
+ if (strstr (buf, "AuthenticAMD") != NULL
+ || strstr (buf, "GenuineIntel") != NULL)
+ return true;
+# endif
+# if !(defined __arm__ || defined __aarch64__)
+ if (strstr (buf, "ARM") != NULL
+ || strcasestr (buf, "aarch64") != NULL)
+ return true;
+# endif
+# if !defined __sparc__
+ if (strcasestr (buf, "SPARC") != NULL)
+ return true;
+# endif
+# if !defined __powerpc__
+ if (strstr (buf, "POWER") != NULL)
+ return true;
+# endif
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If you need more heuristics, look at system calls that are not perfectly
+ well emulated in qemu/linux-user/syscall.c. */
+#endif
+
+ return false;
+}