diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut-catimages.8.asc | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut.8.asc | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut.cmdline.7.asc | 230 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut.conf.5.asc | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut.modules.7.asc | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/dracut.usage.asc | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | man/lsinitrd.1.asc | 9 |
7 files changed, 169 insertions, 104 deletions
diff --git a/man/dracut-catimages.8.asc b/man/dracut-catimages.8.asc index 621f8af..8ddc365 100644 --- a/man/dracut-catimages.8.asc +++ b/man/dracut-catimages.8.asc @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Harald Hoyer AVAILABILITY ------------ The dracut-catimages command is part of the dracut package and is available from -link:$$https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut$$[https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut] +link:$$https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng$$[https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng] SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/man/dracut.8.asc b/man/dracut.8.asc index ae4497e..25f601b 100644 --- a/man/dracut.8.asc +++ b/man/dracut.8.asc @@ -18,13 +18,8 @@ DESCRIPTION Create an initramfs <image> for the kernel with the version <kernel version>. If <kernel version> is omitted, then the version of the actual running -kernel is used. If <image> is omitted or empty, depending on bootloader -specification, the default location can be -_/efi/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/boot/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/boot/efi/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/lib/modules/<kernel-version>/initrd_ or -_/boot/initramfs-<kernel-version>.img_. +kernel is used. If <image> is omitted or empty, the default location will be +determined by the local configuration or Linux distribution policy. dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which are needed to access the root @@ -746,7 +741,7 @@ _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_:: AVAILABILITY ------------ The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from -link:$$https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut$$[https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut] +link:$$https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng$$[https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng] AUTHORS ------- diff --git a/man/dracut.cmdline.7.asc b/man/dracut.cmdline.7.asc index fefa209..7c0051e 100644 --- a/man/dracut.cmdline.7.asc +++ b/man/dracut.cmdline.7.asc @@ -221,13 +221,11 @@ It should be attached to any report about dracut problems. drop to a shell at the end **rd.break=**__{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}__:: - drop to a shell before the defined breakpoint starts - -**rd.udev.info**:: - set udev to loglevel info + drop to a shell before the defined breakpoint starts. + This parameter can be specified multiple times. -**rd.udev.debug**:: - set udev to loglevel debug +**rd.udev.log_level=**__{err|info|debug}__:: + set udev log level. The default is 'err'. I18N ~~~~ @@ -972,19 +970,38 @@ root=virtiofs:host rw DASD ~~~~ **rd.dasd=**....:: - same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) + same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only). + For more details on the syntax see the IBM book + "Linux on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE - Device Drivers, Features, and Commands" + https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=overview-device-drivers-features-commands. + This parameter can be specified multiple times. ++ +NOTE: + This parameter is no longer handled by dracut itself but with the exact + same syntax by + https://github.com/ibm-s390-linux/s390-tools/tree/master/zdev/dracut/95zdev. ZFCP ~~~~ **rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__,__<WWPN>__,__<FCPLUN>__:: rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. ++ +NOTE: + This parameter is no longer handled by dracut itself but with the exact + same syntax by + https://github.com/ibm-s390-linux/s390-tools/tree/master/zdev/dracut/95zdev. **rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__:: If NPIV is enabled and the 'allow_lun_scan' parameter to the zfcp - module is set to 'Y' then the zfcp adaptor will be initiating a + module is set to 'Y' then the zfcp driver will be initiating a scan internally and the <WWPN> and <FCPLUN> parameters can be omitted. + +NOTE: + This parameter is no longer handled by dracut itself but with the exact + same syntax by + https://github.com/ibm-s390-linux/s390-tools/tree/master/zdev/dracut/95zdev. ++ [listing] .Example -- @@ -998,9 +1015,12 @@ rd.zfcp=0.0.4000 ZNET ~~~~ **rd.znet=**__<nettype>__,__<subchannels>__,__<options>__:: - The whole parameter is appended to /etc/ccw.conf, which is used on - RHEL/Fedora with ccw_init, which is called from udev for certain - devices on z-series. + Activates a channel-attached network interface on s390 architecture. + <nettype> is one of: qeth, lcs, ctc. + <subchannels> is a comma-separated list of ccw device bus-IDs. + The list consists of 3 entries with nettype qeth, and 2 for other nettype. + <options> is a comma-separated list of <name>=<value> pairs, + where <name> refers to a device sysfs attribute to which <value> gets written. rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. **rd.znet_ifname=**__<ifname>__:__<subchannels>__:: @@ -1020,51 +1040,88 @@ Booting live images Dracut offers multiple options for live booted images: ===================== -SquashFS with read-only filesystem image::: The system will boot with a -read-only filesystem from the SquashFS and apply a writable Device-mapper -snapshot or an OverlayFS overlay mount for the read-only base filesystem. This -method ensures a relatively fast boot and lower RAM usage. Users **must be -careful** to avoid writing too many blocks to a snapshot volume. Once the -blocks of the snapshot overlay are exhausted, the root filesystem becomes -read-only and may cause application failures. The snapshot overlay file is -marked 'Overflow', and a difficult recovery is required to repair and enlarge -the overlay offline. Non-persistent overlays are sparse files in RAM that only -consume content space as required blocks are allocated. They default to an -apparent size of 32 GiB in RAM. The size can be adjusted with the -**rd.live.overlay.size=** kernel command line option. -+ -The filesystem structure is traditionally expected to be: -+ +SquashFS (read-only) base filesystem image::: +Note -- There are 3 separate overlay types available: +- Device-mapper snapshots (the original offering), +- Device-mapper thin provisioning snapshots (see *_rd.live.overlay.thin_*, +a later offering), and +- OverlayFS based overlay mounts (a more recent offering). + ++ +-- +Using one of these technologies, the system will provide a writable overlay for +the base, read-only SquashFS root filesystem. These methods enable a relatively +fast boot and lower RAM usage. + +With the original Device-mapper snapshot overlay, users **must be careful** to +avoid writing too many blocks to the snapshot device. Once the blocks of the +snapshot overlay are exhausted, the whole root filesystem becomes read-only +leading to application failures. The snapshot overlay device is marked +'Overflow', and a difficult recovery is required to repair and enlarge the +overlay offline. + +When *_rd.live.overlay=_* is not specified for persistent overlay storage, or +the specified file is not found or writable, a Device-mapper snapshot based +non-persistent or temporary overlay is automatically created as a sparse file +in RAM of the initramfs. This file will only consume content space as required +blocks are allocated. This snapshot based overlay defaults to an apparent size +of 32 GiB in RAM, and can be adjusted with the *_rd.live.overlay.size=_* kernel +command line option. This file is hidden (and appears deleted) when the boot +process switches out of the initramfs to the main root filesystem but its loop +device remains connected to the Device-mapper snapshot. + +Even with large Device-mapper overlay files for write space, the available root +filesystem capacity is limited by the total allocated size of the base root +filesystem, which often provide only a small number of gigabytes of free space. + +This shortage could be remedied by building the root filesystem with more +allocated free space, or the OverlayFS based overlay mount method can be used. + +When the *_rd.live.overlay.overlayfs_* option is specified or when +*_rd.live.overlay=_* points to an appropriate directory with a sister at +`/../ovlwork`, then an OverlayFS based overlay mount is employed. Such a +persistent OverlayFS overlay can extend the available root filesystem storage +up to the capacity of the LiveOS disk device. + +For non-persistent OverlayFS overlays, the `/run/overlayfs` directory in the +`/run` tmpfs is used for temporary storage. This filesystem is typically sized +to one half of the RAM total in the system. + +The command: `mount -o remount,size=<nbytes> /run` will resize this virtual +filesystem after booting. + +The internal SquashFS structure is traditionally expected to be: + [listing] --- +---- squashfs.img | SquashFS from LiveCD .iso !(mount) /LiveOS - |- rootfs.img | Filesystem image to mount read-only + |- rootfs.img | Usually a ext4 filesystem image to mount read-only !(mount) - /bin | Live filesystem + /bin | Base Live root filesystem /boot | /dev | ... | --- -+ -For OverlayFS mount overlays, the filesystem structure may also be a direct +---- + +For OverlayFS mount overlays, the internal SquashFS structure may be a direct compression of the root filesystem: -+ + [listing] --- +---- squashfs.img | SquashFS from LiveCD .iso !(mount) - /bin | Live filesystem + /bin | Base Live root filesystem /boot | /dev | ... | --- -+ +---- + Dracut uses one of the overlay methods of live booting by default. No -additional command line options are required other than **root=live:<URL>** to -specify the location of your squashed filesystem. -+ +additional command line options are required other than +**root=**live:__<path to blockdevice>__ or **root=**live:__<URL>__ to specify +the location of your squashed root filesystem. + - The compressed SquashFS image can be copied during boot to RAM at `/run/initramfs/squashed.img` by using the **rd.live.ram=1** option. - A device with a persistent overlay can be booted read-only by using the @@ -1072,7 +1129,8 @@ specify the location of your squashed filesystem. either cause a temporary, writable overlay to be stacked over a read-only snapshot of the root filesystem or the OverlayFS mount will use an additional lower layer with the root filesystem. -+ +-- + Uncompressed live filesystem image::: When the live system was installed with the '--skipcompress' option of the __livecd-iso-to-disk__ installation script for Live USB devices, the root @@ -1161,29 +1219,36 @@ Copy the complete image to RAM and use this for booting. This is useful when the image resides on, e.g., a DVD which needs to be ejected later on. **rd.live.overlay={**__<devspec>__[:__{<pathspec>|auto}__]|__none__}:: -Manage the usage of a permanent overlay. +Manage the usage of a persistent overlay. + -- -* _<devspec>_ specifies the path to a device with a mountable filesystem. -* _<pathspec>_ is the path to a file within that filesystem, which shall be -used to persist the changes made to the device specified by the -**root=live:__<url>__** option. -+ -The default _pathspec_, when _auto_ or no _:<pathspec>_ is given, is -`/<rd.live.dir>/overlay-<label>-<uuid>`, where _<label>_ is the -device LABEL, and _<uuid>_ is the device UUID. -* _none_ (the word itself) specifies that no overlay will be used, such as when -an uncompressed, writable live root filesystem is available. -+ -If a persistent overlay __is detected__ at the standard LiveOS path, the -overlay & overlay type detected, whether Device-mapper or OverlayFS, will be -used. +* *_<devspec>_* specifies the path to a device with a mountable filesystem. +* *_<pathspec>_* is a path within the *_<devspec>_* filesystem to either +** a file (that is loop mounted for a Device-mapper overlay) or +** a directory (that is symbolically linked to `/run/overlayfs` for a OverlayFS +mount overlay). (A required sister directory `/<pathspec>/../ovlwork` is +automatically made.) +* *_none_* (the word itself) specifies that no overlay will be used, such as +when an uncompressed, writable live root filesystem is available. + +The above method shall be used to persist the changes made to the root +filesystem specified within the + +**root=**live:__<path to blockdevice>__ or **root=**live:__<url>__ device. + +The default *_pathspec_*, when *:auto* or +no **:__<pathspec>__** is given, is `/<rd.live.dir>/overlay-<label>-<uuid>`, +where _<label>_ and _<uuid>_ are the LABEL and UUID of the filesystem specified +by the **root=**live:__<path|url>__ device. + +If a persistent overlay __is detected__ at the standard LiveOS path, +and *_rd.live.overlay.overlayfs_* is not set to 1, the overlay type (either +Device-mapper or OverlayFS) will be detected and it will be used. -- + [listing] .Examples -- -rd.live.overlay=/dev/sdb1:persistent-overlay.img +rd.live.overlay=/dev/sdb1:/persistent-overlay.img rd.live.overlay=UUID=99440c1f-8daa-41bf-b965-b7240a8996f4 -- @@ -1196,15 +1261,16 @@ Specifies a non-persistent Device-mapper overlay size in MiB. The default is _32768_. **rd.live.overlay.readonly=**1:: -This is used to boot with a normally read-write persistent overlay in a -read-only mode. With this option, either an additional, non-persistent, -writable snapshot overlay will be stacked over a read-only snapshot, -`/dev/mapper/live‑ro`, of the base filesystem with the persistent overlay, or a -read-only loop device, in the case of a writable __rootfs.img__, or an OverlayFS -mount will use the persistent overlay directory linked at `/run/overlayfs‑r` as -an additional lower layer along with the base root filesystem and apply a -transient, writable upper directory overlay, in order to complete the booted -root filesystem. +This is used to boot in a read-only mode with a normally read-write persistent +overlay. With this option, +* Device-mapper overlays will have an additional, non-persistent, writable +snapshot overlay stacked over a read-only snapshot (`/dev/mapper/live‑ro`) +of the base root filesystem and the persistent overlay, or +* for writable `rootfs.img` images, the above over a read-only loop device, or +* an OverlayFS mount will link the persistent overlay directory at +`/run/overlayfs‑r` as an additional read-only lower layer stacked over the base +root filesystem, and `/run/overlayfs` becomes the temporary, writable, upper +directory overlay, to complete the bootable root filesystem. **rd.live.overlay.reset=**1:: Specifies that a persistent overlay should be reset on boot. All previous root @@ -1222,18 +1288,15 @@ Enables the use of the *OverlayFS* kernel module, if available, to provide a copy-on-write union directory for the root filesystem. OverlayFS overlays are directories of the files that have changed on the read-only base (lower) filesystem. The root filesystem is provided through a special overlay type -mount that merges the lower and upper directories. If an OverlayFS upper -directory is not present on the boot device, a tmpfs directory will be created -at `/run/overlayfs` to provide temporary storage. Persistent storage can be -provided on vfat or msdos formatted devices by supplying the OverlayFS upper -directory within an embedded filesystem that supports the creation of trusted.* -extended attributes and provides a valid d_type in readdir responses, such as -with ext4 and xfs. On non-vfat-formatted devices, a persistent OverlayFS -overlay can extend the available root filesystem storage up to the capacity of -the LiveOS disk device. -+ -If a persistent overlay is detected at the standard LiveOS path, the overlay & -overlay type detected, whether OverlayFS or Device-mapper, will be used. +mount that merges at least two directories, designated the lower and the upper. +If an OverlayFS upper directory is not present on the boot device, a tmpfs +directory will be created at `/run/overlayfs` to provide temporary storage. +Persistent storage can be provided on vfat or msdos formatted devices by +supplying the OverlayFS upper directory within an embedded filesystem that +supports the creation of trusted.* extended attributes and provides a valid +d_type in readdir responses, such as with btrfs, ext4, f2fs, & xfs. On +non-vfat-formatted devices, a persistent OverlayFS overlay can extend the +available root filesystem storage up to the capacity of the LiveOS disk device. + The **rd.live.overlay.readonly** option, which allows a persistent overlayfs to be mounted read-only through a higher level transient overlay directory, has @@ -1326,8 +1389,7 @@ ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob Deprecated, renamed Options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and -their new replacement. +Here is a list of options and their new replacement. rdbreak:: rd.break @@ -1428,9 +1490,13 @@ rdshell:: rd.shell rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash -rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug +rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.udev_log=debug + +rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.udev_log=info + +rd.udev.debug:: rd.udev.udev_log=debug -rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info +rd.udev.info:: rd.udev.udev_log=info rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0 diff --git a/man/dracut.conf.5.asc b/man/dracut.conf.5.asc index f1705ce..dd42891 100644 --- a/man/dracut.conf.5.asc +++ b/man/dracut.conf.5.asc @@ -320,6 +320,12 @@ Logging levels: If set to _yes_, try to execute tasks in parallel (currently only supported for _--regenerate-all_). +*initrdname=*"_<filepattern>_":: + Specifies the file name for the generated initramfs if it is not set otherwise. + The initrdname configuration option is required to match the _initr*${kernel}*_ + file pattern and only one file with this pattern should exists in the + directory where initramfs is loaded from. Defaults to _initramfs-${kernel}.img_. + Files ----- _/etc/dracut.conf_:: diff --git a/man/dracut.modules.7.asc b/man/dracut.modules.7.asc index c1e8624..0f33bd7 100644 --- a/man/dracut.modules.7.asc +++ b/man/dracut.modules.7.asc @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ hook _insmodpost.sh_ in the _initqueue/settled_. _parse-insmodpost.sh_: ---- for p in $(getargs rd.driver.post=); do - echo "blacklist $p" >> /etc/modprobe.d/initramfsblacklist.conf + echo "blacklist $p" >> /run/modprobe.d/initramfsblacklist.conf _do_insmodpost=1 done diff --git a/man/dracut.usage.asc b/man/dracut.usage.asc index b83abf6..3b652d3 100644 --- a/man/dracut.usage.asc +++ b/man/dracut.usage.asc @@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ To create a initramfs image, the most simple command is: This will generate a general purpose initramfs image, with all possible functionality resulting of the combination of the installed dracut modules and -system tools. The image, depending on bootloader specification, can be -_/efi/_++<machine-id>++_/_++<kernel-version>++_/initrd_, -_/boot/_++<machine-id>++_/_++<kernel-version>++_/initrd_, -_/boot/efi/_++<machine-id>++_/_++<kernel-version>++_/initrd_, -_/lib/modules/_++<kernel-version>++_/initrd_ or -_/boot/initramfs-_++<kernel-version>++_.img_ and contains the kernel modules of +system tools. The image contains the kernel modules of the currently active kernel with version _++<kernel-version>++_. +The default location of the image is determined by the local configuration +or Linux distribution policy. If the initramfs image already exists, dracut will display an error message, and to overwrite the existing image, you have to use the --force option. @@ -103,6 +100,10 @@ raid with encryption and LVM on top), as long as you specify the correct filesystem LABEL or UUID on the kernel command line for your root device, dracut will find it and boot from it. +Generic initrd's are larger, but should be able to automatically boot any +bootable configuration with appropriate boot flags (root device, network +configuration information, etc.) + The kernel command line can also be provided by the dhcp server with the root-path option. See <<NetworkBoot>>. diff --git a/man/lsinitrd.1.asc b/man/lsinitrd.1.asc index 05f63e3..64d6f24 100644 --- a/man/lsinitrd.1.asc +++ b/man/lsinitrd.1.asc @@ -18,11 +18,8 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- lsinitrd shows the contents of an initramfs image. if <image> is omitted, then -lsinitrd uses the default image _/efi/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/boot/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/boot/efi/<machine-id>/<kernel-version>/initrd_, -_/lib/modules/<kernel-version>/initrd_ or -_/boot/initramfs-<kernel-version>.img_. +lsinitrd determines the default location based on the local configuration +or Linux distribution policy. OPTIONS ------- @@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ OPTIONS AVAILABILITY ------------ The lsinitrd command is part of the dracut package and is available from -link:$$https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut$$[https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut] +link:$$https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng$$[https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng] AUTHORS ------- |