Adding upstream version 124.0.1.upstream/124.0.1

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1590 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/security/nss/lib/certdb/alg1485.c b/security/nss/lib/certdb/alg1485.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cf9602f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/nss/lib/certdb/alg1485.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1590 @@
+/* alg1485.c - implementation of RFCs 1485, 1779 and 2253.
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+#include "prprf.h"
+#include "cert.h"
+#include "certi.h"
+#include "xconst.h"
+#include "genname.h"
+#include "secitem.h"
+#include "secerr.h"
+
+typedef struct NameToKindStr {
+    const char* name;
+    unsigned int maxLen; /* max bytes in UTF8 encoded string value */
+    SECOidTag kind;
+    int valueType;
+} NameToKind;
+
+/* local type for directory string--could be printable_string or utf8 */
+#define SEC_ASN1_DS SEC_ASN1_HIGH_TAG_NUMBER
+
+/* clang-format off */
+
+/* Add new entries to this table, and maybe to function ParseRFC1485AVA */
+static const NameToKind name2kinds[] = {
+/* IANA registered type names
+ * (See: http://www.iana.org/assignments/ldap-parameters)
+ */
+/* RFC 3280, 4630 MUST SUPPORT */
+    { "CN",            640, SEC_OID_AVA_COMMON_NAME,    SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "ST",            128, SEC_OID_AVA_STATE_OR_PROVINCE,
+                                                        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "O",             128, SEC_OID_AVA_ORGANIZATION_NAME,
+                                                        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "OU",            128, SEC_OID_AVA_ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
+                                                        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "dnQualifier", 32767, SEC_OID_AVA_DN_QUALIFIER, SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING},
+    { "C",               2, SEC_OID_AVA_COUNTRY_NAME, SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING},
+    { "serialNumber",   64, SEC_OID_AVA_SERIAL_NUMBER,SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING},
+
+/* RFC 3280, 4630 SHOULD SUPPORT */
+    { "L",             128, SEC_OID_AVA_LOCALITY,       SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "title",          64, SEC_OID_AVA_TITLE,          SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "SN",             64, SEC_OID_AVA_SURNAME,        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "givenName",      64, SEC_OID_AVA_GIVEN_NAME,     SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "initials",       64, SEC_OID_AVA_INITIALS,       SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "generationQualifier",
+                        64, SEC_OID_AVA_GENERATION_QUALIFIER,
+                                                        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+/* RFC 3280, 4630 MAY SUPPORT */
+    { "DC",            128, SEC_OID_AVA_DC,             SEC_ASN1_IA5_STRING},
+    { "MAIL",          256, SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL,       SEC_ASN1_IA5_STRING},
+    { "UID",           256, SEC_OID_RFC1274_UID,        SEC_ASN1_DS},
+
+/* ------------------ "strict" boundary ---------------------------------
+ * In strict mode, cert_NameToAscii does not encode any of the attributes
+ * below this line. The first SECOidTag below this line must be used to
+ * conditionally define the "endKind" in function AppendAVA() below.
+ * Most new attribute names should be added below this line.
+ * Maybe this line should be up higher?  Say, after the 3280 MUSTs and
+ * before the 3280 SHOULDs?
+ */
+
+/* values from draft-ietf-ldapbis-user-schema-05 (not in RFC 3280) */
+    { "postalAddress", 128, SEC_OID_AVA_POSTAL_ADDRESS, SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "postalCode",     40, SEC_OID_AVA_POSTAL_CODE,    SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "postOfficeBox",  40, SEC_OID_AVA_POST_OFFICE_BOX,SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "houseIdentifier",64, SEC_OID_AVA_HOUSE_IDENTIFIER,SEC_ASN1_DS},
+/* end of IANA registered type names */
+
+/* legacy keywords */
+    { "E",             128, SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS,SEC_ASN1_IA5_STRING},
+    { "STREET",        128, SEC_OID_AVA_STREET_ADDRESS, SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "pseudonym",      64, SEC_OID_AVA_PSEUDONYM,      SEC_ASN1_DS},
+
+/* values defined by the CAB Forum for EV */
+    { "incorporationLocality", 128, SEC_OID_EV_INCORPORATION_LOCALITY,
+                                    SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "incorporationState",    128, SEC_OID_EV_INCORPORATION_STATE,
+                                    SEC_ASN1_DS},
+    { "incorporationCountry",    2, SEC_OID_EV_INCORPORATION_COUNTRY,
+                                    SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING},
+    { "businessCategory",       64, SEC_OID_BUSINESS_CATEGORY, SEC_ASN1_DS},
+
+/* values defined in X.520 */
+    { "name",           64, SEC_OID_AVA_NAME,           SEC_ASN1_DS},
+
+    { 0,               256, SEC_OID_UNKNOWN,            0},
+};
+
+/* Table facilitates conversion of ASCII hex to binary. */
+static const PRInt16 x2b[256] = {
+/* #0x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #1x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #2x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #3x */  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #4x */ -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #5x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #6x */ -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #7x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #8x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #9x */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #ax */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #bx */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #cx */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #dx */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #ex */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+/* #fx */ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
+};
+
+#define IS_HEX(c) (x2b[(PRUint8)(c)] >= 0)
+
+#define C_DOUBLE_QUOTE '\042'
+
+#define C_BACKSLASH '\134'
+
+#define C_EQUAL '='
+
+#define OPTIONAL_SPACE(c)                                                      \
+    (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\r') || ((c) == '\n'))
+
+#define SPECIAL_CHAR(c)                                                        \
+    (((c) == ',') || ((c) == '=') || ((c) == C_DOUBLE_QUOTE) ||                \
+     ((c) == '\r') || ((c) == '\n') || ((c) == '+') ||                         \
+     ((c) == '<') || ((c) == '>') || ((c) == '#') ||                           \
+     ((c) == ';') || ((c) == C_BACKSLASH))
+
+
+#define IS_PRINTABLE(c)                                                        \
+    ((((c) >= 'a') && ((c) <= 'z')) ||                                         \
+     (((c) >= 'A') && ((c) <= 'Z')) ||                                         \
+     (((c) >= '0') && ((c) <= '9')) ||                                         \
+     ((c) == ' ') ||                                                           \
+     ((c) == '\'') ||                                                          \
+     ((c) == '\050') ||                     /* ( */                            \
+     ((c) == '\051') ||                     /* ) */                            \
+     (((c) >= '+') && ((c) <= '/')) ||      /* + , - . / */                    \
+     ((c) == ':') ||                                                           \
+     ((c) == '=') ||                                                           \
+     ((c) == '?'))
+
+/* clang-format on */
+
+/* RFC 2253 says we must escape ",+\"\\<>;=" EXCEPT inside a quoted string.
+ * Inside a quoted string, we only need to escape " and \
+ * We choose to quote strings containing any of those special characters,
+ * so we only need to escape " and \
+ */
+#define NEEDS_ESCAPE(c) (c == C_DOUBLE_QUOTE || c == C_BACKSLASH)
+
+#define NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(c) ((PRUint8)c < 0x20 || c == 0x7f)
+
+int
+cert_AVAOidTagToMaxLen(SECOidTag tag)
+{
+    const NameToKind* n2k = name2kinds;
+
+    while (n2k->kind != tag && n2k->kind != SEC_OID_UNKNOWN) {
+        ++n2k;
+    }
+    return (n2k->kind != SEC_OID_UNKNOWN) ? n2k->maxLen : -1;
+}
+
+static PRBool
+IsPrintable(unsigned char* data, unsigned len)
+{
+    unsigned char ch, *end;
+
+    end = data + len;
+    while (data < end) {
+        ch = *data++;
+        if (!IS_PRINTABLE(ch)) {
+            return PR_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    return PR_TRUE;
+}
+
+static void
+skipSpace(const char** pbp, const char* endptr)
+{
+    const char* bp = *pbp;
+    while (bp < endptr && OPTIONAL_SPACE(*bp)) {
+        bp++;
+    }
+    *pbp = bp;
+}
+
+static SECStatus
+scanTag(const char** pbp, const char* endptr, char* tagBuf, int tagBufSize)
+{
+    const char* bp;
+    char* tagBufp;
+    int taglen;
+
+    PORT_Assert(tagBufSize > 0);
+
+    /* skip optional leading space */
+    skipSpace(pbp, endptr);
+    if (*pbp == endptr) {
+        /* nothing left */
+        return SECFailure;
+    }
+
+    /* fill tagBuf */
+    taglen = 0;
+    bp = *pbp;
+    tagBufp = tagBuf;
+    while (bp < endptr && !OPTIONAL_SPACE(*bp) && (*bp != C_EQUAL)) {
+        if (++taglen >= tagBufSize) {
+            *pbp = bp;
+            return SECFailure;
+        }
+        *tagBufp++ = *bp++;
+    }
+    /* null-terminate tagBuf -- guaranteed at least one space left */
+    *tagBufp++ = 0;
+    *pbp = bp;
+
+    /* skip trailing spaces till we hit something - should be an equal sign */
+    skipSpace(pbp, endptr);
+    if (*pbp == endptr) {
+        /* nothing left */
+        return SECFailure;
+    }
+    if (**pbp != C_EQUAL) {
+        /* should be an equal sign */
+        return SECFailure;
+    }
+    /* skip over the equal sign */
+    (*pbp)++;
+
+    return SECSuccess;
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of bytes in the value. 0 means failure. */
+static int
+scanVal(const char** pbp, const char* endptr, char* valBuf, int valBufSize)
+{
+    const char* bp;
+    char* valBufp;
+    int vallen = 0;
+    PRBool isQuoted;
+
+    PORT_Assert(valBufSize > 0);
+
+    /* skip optional leading space */
+    skipSpace(pbp, endptr);
+    if (*pbp == endptr) {
+        /* nothing left */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bp = *pbp;
+
+    /* quoted? */
+    if (*bp == C_DOUBLE_QUOTE) {
+        isQuoted = PR_TRUE;
+        /* skip over it */
+        bp++;
+    } else {
+        isQuoted = PR_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    valBufp = valBuf;
+    while (bp < endptr) {
+        char c = *bp;
+        if (c == C_BACKSLASH) {
+            /* escape character */
+            bp++;
+            if (bp >= endptr) {
+                /* escape charater must appear with paired char */
+                *pbp = bp;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            c = *bp;
+            if (IS_HEX(c) && (endptr - bp) >= 2 && IS_HEX(bp[1])) {
+                bp++;
+                c = (char)((x2b[(PRUint8)c] << 4) | x2b[(PRUint8)*bp]);
+            }
+        } else if (c == '#' && bp == *pbp) {
+            /* ignore leading #, quotation not required for it. */
+        } else if (!isQuoted && SPECIAL_CHAR(c)) {
+            /* unescaped special and not within quoted value */
+            break;
+        } else if (c == C_DOUBLE_QUOTE) {
+            /* reached unescaped double quote */
+            break;
+        }
+        /* append character */
+        vallen++;
+        if (vallen >= valBufSize) {
+            *pbp = bp;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        *valBufp++ = c;
+        bp++;
+    }
+
+    /* strip trailing spaces from unquoted values */
+    if (!isQuoted) {
+        while (valBufp > valBuf) {
+            char c = valBufp[-1];
+            if (!OPTIONAL_SPACE(c))
+                break;
+            --valBufp;
+        }
+        vallen = valBufp - valBuf;
+    }
+
+    if (isQuoted) {
+        /* insist that we stopped on a double quote */
+        if (*bp != C_DOUBLE_QUOTE) {
+            *pbp = bp;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        /* skip over the quote and skip optional space */
+        bp++;
+        skipSpace(&bp, endptr);
+    }
+
+    *pbp = bp;
+
+    /* null-terminate valBuf -- guaranteed at least one space left */
+    *valBufp = 0;
+
+    return vallen;
+}
+
+/* Caller must set error code upon failure */
+static SECStatus
+hexToBin(PLArenaPool* pool, SECItem* destItem, const char* src, int len)
+{
+    PRUint8* dest;
+
+    destItem->data = NULL;
+    if (len <= 0 || (len & 1)) {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+    len >>= 1;
+    if (!SECITEM_AllocItem(pool, destItem, len)) {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+    dest = destItem->data;
+    for (; len > 0; len--, src += 2) {
+        PRUint16 bin = ((PRUint16)x2b[(PRUint8)src[0]] << 4);
+        bin |= (PRUint16)x2b[(PRUint8)src[1]];
+        if (bin >> 15) { /* is negative */
+            goto loser;
+        }
+        *dest++ = (PRUint8)bin;
+    }
+    return SECSuccess;
+loser:
+    if (!pool)
+        SECITEM_FreeItem(destItem, PR_FALSE);
+    return SECFailure;
+}
+
+/* Parses one AVA, starting at *pbp.  Stops at endptr.
+ * Advances *pbp past parsed AVA and trailing separator (if present).
+ * On any error, returns NULL and *pbp is undefined.
+ * On success, returns CERTAVA allocated from arena, and (*pbp)[-1] was
+ * the last character parsed.  *pbp is either equal to endptr or
+ * points to first character after separator.
+ */
+static CERTAVA*
+ParseRFC1485AVA(PLArenaPool* arena, const char** pbp, const char* endptr)
+{
+    CERTAVA* a;
+    const NameToKind* n2k;
+    const char* bp;
+    int vt = -1;
+    int valLen;
+    PRBool isDottedOid = PR_FALSE;
+    SECOidTag kind = SEC_OID_UNKNOWN;
+    SECStatus rv = SECFailure;
+    SECItem derOid = { 0, NULL, 0 };
+    SECItem derVal = { 0, NULL, 0 };
+    char sep = 0;
+
+    char tagBuf[32];
+    char valBuf[1024];
+
+    PORT_Assert(arena);
+    if (SECSuccess != scanTag(pbp, endptr, tagBuf, sizeof tagBuf) ||
+        !(valLen = scanVal(pbp, endptr, valBuf, sizeof valBuf))) {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+
+    bp = *pbp;
+    if (bp < endptr) {
+        sep = *bp++; /* skip over separator */
+    }
+    *pbp = bp;
+    /* if we haven't finished, insist that we've stopped on a separator */
+    if (sep && sep != ',' && sep != ';' && sep != '+') {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+
+    /* is this a dotted decimal OID attribute type ? */
+    if (!PL_strncasecmp("oid.", tagBuf, 4) || isdigit(tagBuf[0])) {
+        rv = SEC_StringToOID(arena, &derOid, tagBuf, strlen(tagBuf));
+        isDottedOid = (PRBool)(rv == SECSuccess);
+    } else {
+        for (n2k = name2kinds; n2k->name; n2k++) {
+            SECOidData* oidrec;
+            if (PORT_Strcasecmp(n2k->name, tagBuf) == 0) {
+                kind = n2k->kind;
+                vt = n2k->valueType;
+                oidrec = SECOID_FindOIDByTag(kind);
+                if (oidrec == NULL)
+                    goto loser;
+                derOid = oidrec->oid;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (kind == SEC_OID_UNKNOWN && rv != SECSuccess)
+        goto loser;
+
+    /* Is this a hex encoding of a DER attribute value ? */
+    if ('#' == valBuf[0]) {
+        /* convert attribute value from hex to binary */
+        rv = hexToBin(arena, &derVal, valBuf + 1, valLen - 1);
+        if (rv)
+            goto loser;
+        a = CERT_CreateAVAFromRaw(arena, &derOid, &derVal);
+    } else {
+        if (kind == SEC_OID_AVA_COUNTRY_NAME && valLen != 2)
+            goto loser;
+        if (vt == SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING &&
+            !IsPrintable((unsigned char*)valBuf, valLen))
+            goto loser;
+        if (vt == SEC_ASN1_DS) {
+            /* RFC 4630: choose PrintableString or UTF8String */
+            if (IsPrintable((unsigned char*)valBuf, valLen))
+                vt = SEC_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING;
+            else
+                vt = SEC_ASN1_UTF8_STRING;
+        }
+
+        derVal.data = (unsigned char*)valBuf;
+        derVal.len = valLen;
+        if (kind == SEC_OID_UNKNOWN && isDottedOid) {
+            a = CERT_CreateAVAFromRaw(arena, &derOid, &derVal);
+        } else {
+            a = CERT_CreateAVAFromSECItem(arena, kind, vt, &derVal);
+        }
+    }
+    return a;
+
+loser:
+    /* matched no kind -- invalid tag */
+    PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_INVALID_AVA);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static CERTName*
+ParseRFC1485Name(const char* buf, int len)
+{
+    SECStatus rv;
+    CERTName* name;
+    const char *bp, *e;
+    CERTAVA* ava;
+    CERTRDN* rdn = NULL;
+
+    name = CERT_CreateName(NULL);
+    if (name == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    e = buf + len;
+    bp = buf;
+    while (bp < e) {
+        ava = ParseRFC1485AVA(name->arena, &bp, e);
+        if (ava == 0)
+            goto loser;
+        if (!rdn) {
+            rdn = CERT_CreateRDN(name->arena, ava, (CERTAVA*)0);
+            if (rdn == 0)
+                goto loser;
+            rv = CERT_AddRDN(name, rdn);
+        } else {
+            rv = CERT_AddAVA(name->arena, rdn, ava);
+        }
+        if (rv)
+            goto loser;
+        if (bp[-1] != '+')
+            rdn = NULL; /* done with this RDN */
+        skipSpace(&bp, e);
+    }
+
+    if (name->rdns[0] == 0) {
+        /* empty name -- illegal */
+        goto loser;
+    }
+
+    /* Reverse order of RDNS to comply with RFC */
+    {
+        CERTRDN** firstRdn;
+        CERTRDN** lastRdn;
+        CERTRDN* tmp;
+
+        /* get first one */
+        firstRdn = name->rdns;
+
+        /* find last one */
+        lastRdn = name->rdns;
+        while (*lastRdn)
+            lastRdn++;
+        lastRdn--;
+
+        /* reverse list */
+        for (; firstRdn < lastRdn; firstRdn++, lastRdn--) {
+            tmp = *firstRdn;
+            *firstRdn = *lastRdn;
+            *lastRdn = tmp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* return result */
+    return name;
+
+loser:
+    CERT_DestroyName(name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+CERTName*
+CERT_AsciiToName(const char* string)
+{
+    CERTName* name;
+    name = ParseRFC1485Name(string, PORT_Strlen(string));
+    return name;
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct stringBufStr {
+    char* buffer;
+    unsigned offset;
+    unsigned size;
+} stringBuf;
+
+#define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 200
+
+static SECStatus
+AppendStr(stringBuf* bufp, char* str)
+{
+    char* buf;
+    unsigned bufLen, bufSize, len;
+    int size = 0;
+
+    /* Figure out how much to grow buf by (add in the '\0') */
+    buf = bufp->buffer;
+    bufLen = bufp->offset;
+    len = PORT_Strlen(str);
+    bufSize = bufLen + len;
+    if (!buf) {
+        bufSize++;
+        size = PR_MAX(DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, bufSize * 2);
+        buf = (char*)PORT_Alloc(size);
+        bufp->size = size;
+    } else if (bufp->size < bufSize) {
+        size = bufSize * 2;
+        buf = (char*)PORT_Realloc(buf, size);
+        bufp->size = size;
+    }
+    if (!buf) {
+        PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_NO_MEMORY);
+        return SECFailure;
+    }
+    bufp->buffer = buf;
+    bufp->offset = bufSize;
+
+    /* Concatenate str onto buf */
+    buf = buf + bufLen;
+    if (bufLen)
+        buf--;                      /* stomp on old '\0' */
+    PORT_Memcpy(buf, str, len + 1); /* put in new null */
+    return SECSuccess;
+}
+
+typedef enum {
+    minimalEscape = 0,     /* only hex escapes, and " and \ */
+    minimalEscapeAndQuote, /* as above, plus quoting        */
+    fullEscape             /* no quoting, full escaping     */
+} EQMode;
+
+/* Some characters must be escaped as a hex string, e.g. c -> \nn .
+ * Others must be escaped by preceding with a '\', e.g. c -> \c , but
+ * there are certain "special characters" that may be handled by either
+ * escaping them, or by enclosing the entire attribute value in quotes.
+ * A NULL value for pEQMode implies selecting minimalEscape mode.
+ * Some callers will do quoting when needed, others will not.
+ * If a caller selects minimalEscapeAndQuote, and the string does not
+ * need quoting, then this function changes it to minimalEscape.
+ */
+static int
+cert_RFC1485_GetRequiredLen(const char* src, int srclen, EQMode* pEQMode)
+{
+    int i, reqLen = 0;
+    EQMode mode = pEQMode ? *pEQMode : minimalEscape;
+    PRBool needsQuoting = PR_FALSE;
+    char lastC = 0;
+
+    /* need to make an initial pass to determine if quoting is needed */
+    for (i = 0; i < srclen; i++) {
+        char c = src[i];
+        reqLen++;
+        if (NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(c)) { /* c -> \xx  */
+            reqLen += 2;
+        } else if (NEEDS_ESCAPE(c)) { /* c -> \c   */
+            reqLen++;
+        } else if (SPECIAL_CHAR(c)) {
+            if (mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote) /* quoting is allowed */
+                needsQuoting = PR_TRUE;        /* entirety will need quoting */
+            else if (mode == fullEscape)
+                reqLen++; /* MAY escape this character */
+        } else if (OPTIONAL_SPACE(c) && OPTIONAL_SPACE(lastC)) {
+            if (mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote) /* quoting is allowed */
+                needsQuoting = PR_TRUE;        /* entirety will need quoting */
+        }
+        lastC = c;
+    }
+    /* if it begins or ends in optional space it needs quoting */
+    if (!needsQuoting && srclen > 0 && mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote &&
+        (OPTIONAL_SPACE(src[srclen - 1]) || OPTIONAL_SPACE(src[0]))) {
+        needsQuoting = PR_TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (needsQuoting)
+        reqLen += 2;
+    if (pEQMode && mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote && !needsQuoting)
+        *pEQMode = minimalEscape;
+    return reqLen;
+}
+
+static const char hexChars[16] = { "0123456789abcdef" };
+
+static SECStatus
+escapeAndQuote(char* dst, int dstlen, char* src, int srclen, EQMode* pEQMode)
+{
+    int i, reqLen = 0;
+    EQMode mode = pEQMode ? *pEQMode : minimalEscape;
+
+    /* space for terminal null */
+    reqLen = cert_RFC1485_GetRequiredLen(src, srclen, &mode) + 1;
+    if (reqLen > dstlen) {
+        PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_OUTPUT_LEN);
+        return SECFailure;
+    }
+
+    if (mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote)
+        *dst++ = C_DOUBLE_QUOTE;
+    for (i = 0; i < srclen; i++) {
+        char c = src[i];
+        if (NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(c)) {
+            *dst++ = C_BACKSLASH;
+            *dst++ = hexChars[(c >> 4) & 0x0f];
+            *dst++ = hexChars[c & 0x0f];
+        } else {
+            if (NEEDS_ESCAPE(c) || (SPECIAL_CHAR(c) && mode == fullEscape)) {
+                *dst++ = C_BACKSLASH;
+            }
+            *dst++ = c;
+        }
+    }
+    if (mode == minimalEscapeAndQuote)
+        *dst++ = C_DOUBLE_QUOTE;
+    *dst++ = 0;
+    if (pEQMode)
+        *pEQMode = mode;
+    return SECSuccess;
+}
+
+SECStatus
+CERT_RFC1485_EscapeAndQuote(char* dst, int dstlen, char* src, int srclen)
+{
+    EQMode mode = minimalEscapeAndQuote;
+    return escapeAndQuote(dst, dstlen, src, srclen, &mode);
+}
+
+/* convert an OID to dotted-decimal representation */
+/* Returns a string that must be freed with PR_smprintf_free(), */
+char*
+CERT_GetOidString(const SECItem* oid)
+{
+    PRUint8* stop;  /* points to first byte after OID string */
+    PRUint8* first; /* byte of an OID component integer      */
+    PRUint8* last;  /* byte of an OID component integer      */
+    char* rvString = NULL;
+    char* prefix = NULL;
+
+#define MAX_OID_LEN 1024 /* bytes */
+
+    if (oid->len > MAX_OID_LEN) {
+        PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_INPUT_LEN);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* If the OID has length 1, we bail. */
+    if (oid->len < 2) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* first will point to the next sequence of bytes to decode */
+    first = (PRUint8*)oid->data;
+    /* stop points to one past the legitimate data */
+    stop = &first[oid->len];
+
+    /*
+     * Check for our pseudo-encoded single-digit OIDs
+     */
+    if ((*first == 0x80) && (2 == oid->len)) {
+        /* Funky encoding.  The second byte is the number */
+        rvString = PR_smprintf("%lu", (PRUint32)first[1]);
+        if (!rvString) {
+            PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_NO_MEMORY);
+        }
+        return rvString;
+    }
+
+    for (; first < stop; first = last + 1) {
+        unsigned int bytesBeforeLast;
+
+        for (last = first; last < stop; last++) {
+            if (0 == (*last & 0x80)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        /* There's no first bit set, so this isn't valid. Bail.*/
+        if (last == stop) {
+            goto unsupported;
+        }
+        bytesBeforeLast = (unsigned int)(last - first);
+        if (bytesBeforeLast <= 3U) { /* 0-28 bit number */
+            PRUint32 n = 0;
+            PRUint32 c;
+
+#define CGET(i, m)    \
+    c = last[-i] & m; \
+    n |= c << (7 * i)
+
+#define CASE(i, m)  \
+    case i:         \
+        CGET(i, m); \
+        if (!n)     \
+        goto unsupported /* fall-through */
+
+            switch (bytesBeforeLast) {
+                CASE(3, 0x7f);
+                CASE(2, 0x7f);
+                CASE(1, 0x7f);
+                case 0:
+                    n |= last[0] & 0x7f;
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (last[0] & 0x80) {
+                goto unsupported;
+            }
+
+            if (!rvString) {
+                /* This is the first number.. decompose it */
+                PRUint32 one = PR_MIN(n / 40, 2); /* never > 2 */
+                PRUint32 two = n - (one * 40);
+
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("OID.%lu.%lu", one, two);
+            } else {
+                prefix = rvString;
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("%s.%lu", prefix, n);
+            }
+        } else if (bytesBeforeLast <= 9U) { /* 29-64 bit number */
+            PRUint64 n = 0;
+            PRUint64 c;
+
+            switch (bytesBeforeLast) {
+                CASE(9, 0x01);
+                CASE(8, 0x7f);
+                CASE(7, 0x7f);
+                CASE(6, 0x7f);
+                CASE(5, 0x7f);
+                CASE(4, 0x7f);
+                CGET(3, 0x7f);
+                CGET(2, 0x7f);
+                CGET(1, 0x7f);
+                CGET(0, 0x7f);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (last[0] & 0x80)
+                goto unsupported;
+
+            if (!rvString) {
+                /* This is the first number.. decompose it */
+                PRUint64 one = PR_MIN(n / 40, 2); /* never > 2 */
+                PRUint64 two = n - (one * 40);
+
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("OID.%llu.%llu", one, two);
+            } else {
+                prefix = rvString;
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("%s.%llu", prefix, n);
+            }
+        } else {
+        /* More than a 64-bit number, or not minimal encoding. */
+        unsupported:
+            if (!rvString)
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("OID.UNSUPPORTED");
+            else {
+                prefix = rvString;
+                rvString = PR_smprintf("%s.UNSUPPORTED", prefix);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (prefix) {
+            PR_smprintf_free(prefix);
+            prefix = NULL;
+        }
+        if (!rvString) {
+            PORT_SetError(SEC_ERROR_NO_MEMORY);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return rvString;
+}
+
+/* convert DER-encoded hex to a string */
+static SECItem*
+get_hex_string(SECItem* data)
+{
+    SECItem* rv;
+    unsigned int i, j;
+    static const char hex[] = { "0123456789ABCDEF" };
+
+    /* '#' + 2 chars per octet + terminator */
+    rv = SECITEM_AllocItem(NULL, NULL, data->len * 2 + 2);
+    if (!rv) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    rv->data[0] = '#';
+    rv->len = 1 + 2 * data->len;
+    for (i = 0; i < data->len; i++) {
+        j = data->data[i];
+        rv->data[2 * i + 1] = hex[j >> 4];
+        rv->data[2 * i + 2] = hex[j & 15];
+    }
+    rv->data[rv->len] = 0;
+    return rv;
+}
+
+/* For compliance with RFC 2253, RFC 3280 and RFC 4630, we choose to
+ * use the NAME=STRING form, rather than the OID.N.N=#hexXXXX form,
+ * when both of these conditions are met:
+ *  1) The attribute name OID (kind) has a known name string that is
+ *     defined in one of those RFCs, or in RFCs that they cite, AND
+ *  2) The attribute's value encoding is RFC compliant for the kind
+ *     (e.g., the value's encoding tag is correct for the kind, and
+ *     the value's length is in the range allowed for the kind, and
+ *     the value's contents are appropriate for the encoding tag).
+ *  Otherwise, we use the OID.N.N=#hexXXXX form.
+ *
+ *  If the caller prefers maximum human readability to RFC compliance,
+ *  then
+ *  - We print the kind in NAME= string form if we know the name
+ *    string for the attribute type OID, regardless of whether the
+ *    value is correctly encoded or not. else we use the OID.N.N= form.
+ *  - We use the non-hex STRING form for the attribute value if the
+ *    value can be represented in such a form.  Otherwise, we use
+ *    the hex string form.
+ *  This implies that, for maximum human readability, in addition to
+ *  the two forms allowed by the RFC, we allow two other forms of output:
+ *  - the OID.N.N=STRING form, and
+ *  - the NAME=#hexXXXX form
+ *  When the caller prefers maximum human readability, we do not allow
+ *  the value of any attribute to exceed the length allowed by the RFC.
+ *  If the attribute value exceeds the allowed length, we truncate it to
+ *  the allowed length and append "...".
+ *  Also in this case, we arbitrarily impose a limit on the length of the
+ *  entire AVA encoding, regardless of the form, of 384 bytes per AVA.
+ *  This limit includes the trailing NULL character.  If the encoded
+ *  AVA length exceeds that limit, this function reports failure to encode
+ *  the AVA.
+ *
+ *  An ASCII representation of an AVA is said to be "invertible" if
+ *  conversion back to DER reproduces the original DER encoding exactly.
+ *  The RFC 2253 rules do not ensure that all ASCII AVAs derived according
+ *  to its rules are invertible. That is because the RFCs allow some
+ *  attribute values to be encoded in any of a number of encodings,
+ *  and the encoding type information is lost in the non-hex STRING form.
+ *  This is particularly true of attributes of type DirectoryString.
+ *  The encoding type information is always preserved in the hex string
+ *  form, because the hex includes the entire DER encoding of the value.
+ *
+ *  So, when the caller perfers maximum invertibility, we apply the
+ *  RFC compliance rules stated above, and add a third required
+ *  condition on the use of the NAME=STRING form.
+ *   3) The attribute's kind is not is allowed to be encoded in any of
+ *      several different encodings, such as DirectoryStrings.
+ *
+ * The chief difference between CERT_N2A_STRICT and CERT_N2A_INVERTIBLE
+ * is that the latter forces DirectoryStrings to be hex encoded.
+ *
+ * As a simplification, we assume the value is correctly encoded for
+ * its encoding type.  That is, we do not test that all the characters
+ * in a string encoded type are allowed by that type.  We assume it.
+ */
+static SECStatus
+AppendAVA(stringBuf* bufp, CERTAVA* ava, CertStrictnessLevel strict)
+{
+#define TMPBUF_LEN 2048
+    const NameToKind* pn2k = name2kinds;
+    SECItem* avaValue = NULL;
+    char* unknownTag = NULL;
+    char* encodedAVA = NULL;
+    PRBool useHex = PR_FALSE; /* use =#hexXXXX form */
+    PRBool truncateName = PR_FALSE;
+    PRBool truncateValue = PR_FALSE;
+    SECOidTag endKind;
+    SECStatus rv;
+    unsigned int len;
+    unsigned int nameLen, valueLen;
+    unsigned int maxName, maxValue;
+    EQMode mode = minimalEscapeAndQuote;
+    NameToKind n2k = { NULL, 32767, SEC_OID_UNKNOWN, SEC_ASN1_DS };
+    char tmpBuf[TMPBUF_LEN];
+
+#define tagName n2k.name /* non-NULL means use NAME= form */
+#define maxBytes n2k.maxLen
+#define tag n2k.kind
+#define vt n2k.valueType
+
+    /* READABLE mode recognizes more names from the name2kinds table
+   * than do STRICT or INVERTIBLE modes.  This assignment chooses the
+   * point in the table where the attribute type name scanning stops.
+   */
+    endKind = (strict == CERT_N2A_READABLE) ? SEC_OID_UNKNOWN
+                                            : SEC_OID_AVA_POSTAL_ADDRESS;
+    tag = CERT_GetAVATag(ava);
+    while (pn2k->kind != tag && pn2k->kind != endKind) {
+        ++pn2k;
+    }
+
+    if (pn2k->kind != endKind) {
+        n2k = *pn2k;
+    } else if (strict != CERT_N2A_READABLE) {
+        useHex = PR_TRUE;
+    }
+    /* For invertable form, force Directory Strings to use hex form. */
+    if (strict == CERT_N2A_INVERTIBLE && vt == SEC_ASN1_DS) {
+        tagName = NULL;   /* must use OID.N form */
+        useHex = PR_TRUE; /* must use hex string */
+    }
+    if (!useHex) {
+        avaValue = CERT_DecodeAVAValue(&ava->value);
+        if (!avaValue) {
+            useHex = PR_TRUE;
+            if (strict != CERT_N2A_READABLE) {
+                tagName = NULL; /* must use OID.N form */
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!tagName) {
+        /* handle unknown attribute types per RFC 2253 */
+        tagName = unknownTag = CERT_GetOidString(&ava->type);
+        if (!tagName) {
+            if (avaValue)
+                SECITEM_FreeItem(avaValue, PR_TRUE);
+            return SECFailure;
+        }
+    }
+    if (useHex) {
+        avaValue = get_hex_string(&ava->value);
+        if (!avaValue) {
+            if (unknownTag)
+                PR_smprintf_free(unknownTag);
+            return SECFailure;
+        }
+    }
+
+    nameLen = strlen(tagName);
+    valueLen =
+        (useHex ? avaValue->len : cert_RFC1485_GetRequiredLen((char*)avaValue->data, avaValue->len, &mode));
+    len = nameLen + valueLen + 2; /* Add 2 for '=' and trailing NUL */
+
+    maxName = nameLen;
+    maxValue = valueLen;
+    if (len <= sizeof(tmpBuf)) {
+        encodedAVA = tmpBuf;
+    } else if (strict != CERT_N2A_READABLE) {
+        encodedAVA = PORT_Alloc(len);
+        if (!encodedAVA) {
+            SECITEM_FreeItem(avaValue, PR_TRUE);
+            if (unknownTag)
+                PR_smprintf_free(unknownTag);
+            return SECFailure;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* Must make output fit in tmpbuf */
+        unsigned int fair = (sizeof tmpBuf) / 2 - 1; /* for = and \0 */
+
+        if (nameLen < fair) {
+            /* just truncate the value */
+            maxValue = (sizeof tmpBuf) - (nameLen + 6); /* for "=...\0",
+                                                     and possibly '"' */
+        } else if (valueLen < fair) {
+            /* just truncate the name */
+            maxName = (sizeof tmpBuf) - (valueLen + 5); /* for "=...\0" */
+        } else {
+            /* truncate both */
+            maxName = maxValue = fair - 3; /* for "..." */
+        }
+        if (nameLen > maxName) {
+            PORT_Assert(unknownTag && unknownTag == tagName);
+            truncateName = PR_TRUE;
+            nameLen = maxName;
+        }
+        encodedAVA = tmpBuf;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(encodedAVA, tagName, nameLen);
+    if (truncateName) {
+        /* If tag name is too long, we know it is an OID form that was
+     * allocated from the heap, so we can modify it in place
+     */
+        encodedAVA[nameLen - 1] = '.';
+        encodedAVA[nameLen - 2] = '.';
+        encodedAVA[nameLen - 3] = '.';
+    }
+    encodedAVA[nameLen++] = '=';
+    if (unknownTag)
+        PR_smprintf_free(unknownTag);
+
+    if (strict == CERT_N2A_READABLE && maxValue > maxBytes)
+        maxValue = maxBytes;
+    if (valueLen > maxValue) {
+        valueLen = maxValue;
+        truncateValue = PR_TRUE;
+    }
+    /* escape and quote as necessary - don't quote hex strings */
+    if (useHex) {
+        char* end = encodedAVA + nameLen + valueLen;
+        memcpy(encodedAVA + nameLen, (char*)avaValue->data, valueLen);
+        end[0] = '\0';
+        if (truncateValue) {
+            end[-1] = '.';
+            end[-2] = '.';
+            end[-3] = '.';
+        }
+        rv = SECSuccess;
+    } else if (!truncateValue) {
+        rv = escapeAndQuote(encodedAVA + nameLen, len - nameLen,
+                            (char*)avaValue->data, avaValue->len, &mode);
+    } else {
+        /* must truncate the escaped and quoted value */
+        char bigTmpBuf[TMPBUF_LEN * 3 + 3];
+        PORT_Assert(valueLen < sizeof tmpBuf);
+        rv = escapeAndQuote(bigTmpBuf, sizeof bigTmpBuf, (char*)avaValue->data,
+                            PR_MIN(avaValue->len, valueLen), &mode);
+
+        bigTmpBuf[valueLen--] = '\0'; /* hard stop here */
+        /* See if we're in the middle of a multi-byte UTF8 character */
+        while (((bigTmpBuf[valueLen] & 0xc0) == 0x80) && valueLen > 0) {
+            bigTmpBuf[valueLen--] = '\0';
+        }
+        /* add ellipsis to signify truncation. */
+        bigTmpBuf[++valueLen] = '.';
+        bigTmpBuf[++valueLen] = '.';
+        bigTmpBuf[++valueLen] = '.';
+        if (bigTmpBuf[0] == '"')
+            bigTmpBuf[++valueLen] = '"';
+        bigTmpBuf[++valueLen] = '\0';
+        PORT_Assert(nameLen + valueLen <= (sizeof tmpBuf) - 1);
+        memcpy(encodedAVA + nameLen, bigTmpBuf, valueLen + 1);
+    }
+
+    SECITEM_FreeItem(avaValue, PR_TRUE);
+    if (rv == SECSuccess)
+        rv = AppendStr(bufp, encodedAVA);
+    if (encodedAVA != tmpBuf)
+        PORT_Free(encodedAVA);
+    return rv;
+}
+
+#undef tagName
+#undef maxBytes
+#undef tag
+#undef vt
+
+char*
+CERT_NameToAsciiInvertible(CERTName* name, CertStrictnessLevel strict)
+{
+    CERTRDN** rdns;
+    CERTRDN** lastRdn;
+    CERTRDN** rdn;
+    PRBool first = PR_TRUE;
+    stringBuf strBuf = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+    rdns = name->rdns;
+    if (rdns == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* find last RDN */
+    lastRdn = rdns;
+    while (*lastRdn)
+        lastRdn++;
+    lastRdn--;
+
+    /*
+   * Loop over name contents in _reverse_ RDN order appending to string
+   */
+    for (rdn = lastRdn; rdn >= rdns; rdn--) {
+        CERTAVA** avas = (*rdn)->avas;
+        CERTAVA* ava;
+        PRBool newRDN = PR_TRUE;
+
+        /*
+     * XXX Do we need to traverse the AVAs in reverse order, too?
+     */
+        while (avas && (ava = *avas++) != NULL) {
+            SECStatus rv;
+            /* Put in comma or plus separator */
+            if (!first) {
+                /* Use of spaces is deprecated in RFC 2253. */
+                rv = AppendStr(&strBuf, newRDN ? "," : "+");
+                if (rv)
+                    goto loser;
+            } else {
+                first = PR_FALSE;
+            }
+
+            /* Add in tag type plus value into strBuf */
+            rv = AppendAVA(&strBuf, ava, strict);
+            if (rv)
+                goto loser;
+            newRDN = PR_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    return strBuf.buffer;
+loser:
+    if (strBuf.buffer) {
+        PORT_Free(strBuf.buffer);
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_NameToAscii(CERTName* name)
+{
+    return CERT_NameToAsciiInvertible(name, CERT_N2A_READABLE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the string representation of a DER encoded distinguished name
+ * "dername" - The DER encoded name to convert
+ */
+char*
+CERT_DerNameToAscii(SECItem* dername)
+{
+    int rv;
+    PLArenaPool* arena = NULL;
+    CERTName name;
+    char* retstr = NULL;
+
+    arena = PORT_NewArena(DER_DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE);
+
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+
+    rv = SEC_QuickDERDecodeItem(arena, &name, CERT_NameTemplate, dername);
+
+    if (rv != SECSuccess) {
+        goto loser;
+    }
+
+    retstr = CERT_NameToAscii(&name);
+
+loser:
+    if (arena != NULL) {
+        PORT_FreeArena(arena, PR_FALSE);
+    }
+
+    return (retstr);
+}
+
+static char*
+avaToString(PLArenaPool* arena, CERTAVA* ava)
+{
+    char* buf = NULL;
+    SECItem* avaValue;
+    int valueLen;
+
+    avaValue = CERT_DecodeAVAValue(&ava->value);
+    if (!avaValue) {
+        return buf;
+    }
+    valueLen =
+        cert_RFC1485_GetRequiredLen((char*)avaValue->data, avaValue->len, NULL) + 1;
+    if (arena) {
+        buf = (char*)PORT_ArenaZAlloc(arena, valueLen);
+    } else {
+        buf = (char*)PORT_ZAlloc(valueLen);
+    }
+    if (buf) {
+        SECStatus rv =
+            escapeAndQuote(buf, valueLen, (char*)avaValue->data, avaValue->len, NULL);
+        if (rv != SECSuccess) {
+            if (!arena)
+                PORT_Free(buf);
+            buf = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    SECITEM_FreeItem(avaValue, PR_TRUE);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+/* RDNs are sorted from most general to most specific.
+ * This code returns the FIRST one found, the most general one found.
+ */
+static char*
+CERT_GetNameElement(PLArenaPool* arena, const CERTName* name, int wantedTag)
+{
+    CERTRDN** rdns = name->rdns;
+    CERTRDN* rdn;
+    CERTAVA* ava = NULL;
+
+    while (rdns && (rdn = *rdns++) != 0) {
+        CERTAVA** avas = rdn->avas;
+        while (avas && (ava = *avas++) != 0) {
+            int tag = CERT_GetAVATag(ava);
+            if (tag == wantedTag) {
+                avas = NULL;
+                rdns = NULL; /* break out of all loops */
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ava ? avaToString(arena, ava) : NULL;
+}
+
+/* RDNs are sorted from most general to most specific.
+ * This code returns the LAST one found, the most specific one found.
+ * This is particularly appropriate for Common Name.  See RFC 2818.
+ */
+static char*
+CERT_GetLastNameElement(PLArenaPool* arena, const CERTName* name, int wantedTag)
+{
+    CERTRDN** rdns = name->rdns;
+    CERTRDN* rdn;
+    CERTAVA* lastAva = NULL;
+
+    while (rdns && (rdn = *rdns++) != 0) {
+        CERTAVA** avas = rdn->avas;
+        CERTAVA* ava;
+        while (avas && (ava = *avas++) != 0) {
+            int tag = CERT_GetAVATag(ava);
+            if (tag == wantedTag) {
+                lastAva = ava;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return lastAva ? avaToString(arena, lastAva) : NULL;
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetCertificateEmailAddress(CERTCertificate* cert)
+{
+    char* rawEmailAddr = NULL;
+    SECItem subAltName;
+    SECStatus rv;
+    CERTGeneralName* nameList = NULL;
+    CERTGeneralName* current;
+    PLArenaPool* arena = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    subAltName.data = NULL;
+
+    rawEmailAddr = CERT_GetNameElement(cert->arena, &(cert->subject),
+                                       SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
+    if (rawEmailAddr == NULL) {
+        rawEmailAddr =
+            CERT_GetNameElement(cert->arena, &(cert->subject), SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL);
+    }
+    if (rawEmailAddr == NULL) {
+
+        rv =
+            CERT_FindCertExtension(cert, SEC_OID_X509_SUBJECT_ALT_NAME, &subAltName);
+        if (rv != SECSuccess) {
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        arena = PORT_NewArena(DER_DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE);
+        if (!arena) {
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        nameList = current = CERT_DecodeAltNameExtension(arena, &subAltName);
+        if (!nameList) {
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        if (nameList != NULL) {
+            do {
+                if (current->type == certDirectoryName) {
+                    rawEmailAddr =
+                        CERT_GetNameElement(cert->arena, &(current->name.directoryName),
+                                            SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
+                    if (rawEmailAddr ==
+                        NULL) {
+                        rawEmailAddr =
+                            CERT_GetNameElement(cert->arena, &(current->name.directoryName),
+                                                SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL);
+                    }
+                } else if (current->type == certRFC822Name) {
+                    rawEmailAddr =
+                        (char*)PORT_ArenaZAlloc(cert->arena, current->name.other.len + 1);
+                    if (!rawEmailAddr) {
+                        goto finish;
+                    }
+                    PORT_Memcpy(rawEmailAddr, current->name.other.data,
+                                current->name.other.len);
+                    rawEmailAddr[current->name.other.len] =
+                        '\0';
+                }
+                if (rawEmailAddr) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                current = CERT_GetNextGeneralName(current);
+            } while (current != nameList);
+        }
+    }
+    if (rawEmailAddr) {
+        for (i = 0; i <= (int)PORT_Strlen(rawEmailAddr); i++) {
+            rawEmailAddr[i] = tolower(rawEmailAddr[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+finish:
+
+    /* Don't free nameList, it's part of the arena. */
+
+    if (arena) {
+        PORT_FreeArena(arena, PR_FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (subAltName.data) {
+        SECITEM_FreeItem(&subAltName, PR_FALSE);
+    }
+
+    return (rawEmailAddr);
+}
+
+static char*
+appendStringToBuf(char* dest, char* src, PRUint32* pRemaining)
+{
+    PRUint32 len;
+    if (dest && src && src[0] && *pRemaining > (len = PL_strlen(src))) {
+        PRUint32 i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+            dest[i] = tolower(src[i]);
+        dest[len] = 0;
+        dest += len + 1;
+        *pRemaining -= len + 1;
+    }
+    return dest;
+}
+
+#undef NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE
+#define NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(c) (c < 0x20)
+
+static char*
+appendItemToBuf(char* dest, SECItem* src, PRUint32* pRemaining)
+{
+    if (dest && src && src->data && src->len && src->data[0]) {
+        PRUint32 len = src->len;
+        PRUint32 i;
+        PRUint32 reqLen = len + 1;
+        /* are there any embedded control characters ? */
+        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(src->data[i]))
+                reqLen += 2;
+        }
+        if (*pRemaining > reqLen) {
+            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+                PRUint8 c = src->data[i];
+                if (NEEDS_HEX_ESCAPE(c)) {
+                    *dest++ =
+                        C_BACKSLASH;
+                    *dest++ =
+                        hexChars[(c >> 4) & 0x0f];
+                    *dest++ =
+                        hexChars[c & 0x0f];
+                } else {
+                    *dest++ =
+                        tolower(c);
+                }
+            }
+            *dest++ = '\0';
+            *pRemaining -= reqLen;
+        }
+    }
+    return dest;
+}
+
+/* Returns a pointer to an environment-like string, a series of
+** null-terminated strings, terminated by a zero-length string.
+** This function is intended to be internal to NSS.
+*/
+char*
+cert_GetCertificateEmailAddresses(CERTCertificate* cert)
+{
+    char* rawEmailAddr = NULL;
+    char* addrBuf = NULL;
+    char* pBuf = NULL;
+    PORTCheapArenaPool tmpArena;
+    PRUint32 maxLen = 0;
+    PRInt32 finalLen = 0;
+    SECStatus rv;
+    SECItem subAltName;
+
+    PORT_InitCheapArena(&tmpArena, DER_DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE);
+
+    subAltName.data = NULL;
+    maxLen = cert->derCert.len;
+    PORT_Assert(maxLen);
+    if (!maxLen)
+        maxLen = 2000; /* a guess, should never happen */
+
+    pBuf = addrBuf = (char*)PORT_ArenaZAlloc(&tmpArena.arena, maxLen + 1);
+    if (!addrBuf)
+        goto loser;
+
+    rawEmailAddr = CERT_GetNameElement(&tmpArena.arena, &cert->subject,
+                                       SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
+    pBuf = appendStringToBuf(pBuf, rawEmailAddr, &maxLen);
+
+    rawEmailAddr = CERT_GetNameElement(&tmpArena.arena, &cert->subject,
+                                       SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL);
+    pBuf = appendStringToBuf(pBuf, rawEmailAddr, &maxLen);
+
+    rv = CERT_FindCertExtension(cert, SEC_OID_X509_SUBJECT_ALT_NAME, &subAltName);
+    if (rv == SECSuccess && subAltName.data) {
+        CERTGeneralName* nameList = NULL;
+
+        if (!!(nameList = CERT_DecodeAltNameExtension(&tmpArena.arena, &subAltName))) {
+            CERTGeneralName* current = nameList;
+            do {
+                if (current->type == certDirectoryName) {
+                    rawEmailAddr =
+                        CERT_GetNameElement(&tmpArena.arena,
+                                            &current->name.directoryName,
+                                            SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
+                    pBuf =
+                        appendStringToBuf(pBuf, rawEmailAddr, &maxLen);
+
+                    rawEmailAddr =
+                        CERT_GetNameElement(&tmpArena.arena,
+                                            &current->name.directoryName,
+                                            SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL);
+                    pBuf =
+                        appendStringToBuf(pBuf, rawEmailAddr, &maxLen);
+                } else if (current->type == certRFC822Name) {
+                    pBuf =
+                        appendItemToBuf(pBuf, &current->name.other, &maxLen);
+                }
+                current = CERT_GetNextGeneralName(current);
+            } while (current != nameList);
+        }
+        SECITEM_FreeItem(&subAltName, PR_FALSE);
+        /* Don't free nameList, it's part of the tmpArena. */
+    }
+    /* now copy superstring to cert's arena */
+    finalLen = (pBuf - addrBuf) + 1;
+    pBuf = NULL;
+    if (finalLen > 1) {
+        pBuf = PORT_ArenaAlloc(cert->arena, finalLen);
+        if (pBuf) {
+            PORT_Memcpy(pBuf, addrBuf, finalLen);
+        }
+    }
+loser:
+    PORT_DestroyCheapArena(&tmpArena);
+
+    return pBuf;
+}
+
+/* returns pointer to storage in cert's arena.  Storage remains valid
+** as long as cert's reference count doesn't go to zero.
+** Caller should strdup or otherwise copy.
+*/
+const char* /* const so caller won't muck with it. */
+CERT_GetFirstEmailAddress(CERTCertificate* cert)
+{
+    if (cert && cert->emailAddr && cert->emailAddr[0])
+        return (const char*)cert->emailAddr;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* returns pointer to storage in cert's arena.  Storage remains valid
+** as long as cert's reference count doesn't go to zero.
+** Caller should strdup or otherwise copy.
+*/
+const char* /* const so caller won't muck with it. */
+CERT_GetNextEmailAddress(CERTCertificate* cert, const char* prev)
+{
+    if (cert && prev && prev[0]) {
+        PRUint32 len = PL_strlen(prev);
+        prev += len + 1;
+        if (prev && prev[0])
+            return prev;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* This is seriously bogus, now that certs store their email addresses in
+** subject Alternative Name extensions.
+** Returns a string allocated by PORT_StrDup, which the caller must free.
+*/
+char*
+CERT_GetCertEmailAddress(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    char* rawEmailAddr;
+    char* emailAddr;
+
+    rawEmailAddr = CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
+    if (rawEmailAddr == NULL) {
+        rawEmailAddr = CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_RFC1274_MAIL);
+    }
+    emailAddr = CERT_FixupEmailAddr(rawEmailAddr);
+    if (rawEmailAddr) {
+        PORT_Free(rawEmailAddr);
+    }
+    return (emailAddr);
+}
+
+/* The return value must be freed with PORT_Free. */
+char*
+CERT_GetCommonName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetLastNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_COMMON_NAME));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetCountryName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_COUNTRY_NAME));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetLocalityName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_LOCALITY));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetStateName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_STATE_OR_PROVINCE));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetOrgName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_ORGANIZATION_NAME));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetDomainComponentName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_DC));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetOrgUnitName(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (
+        CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetDnQualifier(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_AVA_DN_QUALIFIER));
+}
+
+char*
+CERT_GetCertUid(const CERTName* name)
+{
+    return (CERT_GetNameElement(NULL, name, SEC_OID_RFC1274_UID));
+}