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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-19 00:47:55 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-19 00:47:55 +0000
commit26a029d407be480d791972afb5975cf62c9360a6 (patch)
treef435a8308119effd964b339f76abb83a57c29483 /toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadfirefox-26a029d407be480d791972afb5975cf62c9360a6.tar.xz
firefox-26a029d407be480d791972afb5975cf62c9360a6.zip
Adding upstream version 124.0.1.upstream/124.0.1
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs')
-rw-r--r--toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/PiP-diagram.svg4
-rw-r--r--toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/index.rst385
-rw-r--r--toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/picture-in-picture-api.rst4
-rw-r--r--toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/player-api.rst4
4 files changed, 397 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/PiP-diagram.svg b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/PiP-diagram.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..391cc7728a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/PiP-diagram.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<!-- This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. -->
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style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:73px;margin-left:132px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:17px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#666;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>https://www.twitch.tv</div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="132" y="78" fill="#666" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="17">https://www.twitch.tv</text></switch><path fill="#dae8fc" stroke="#6c8ebf" pointer-events="all" d="M0 110h480v230H0z"/><path d="M78.08 315c-3.08 0-5.58-2.3-5.58-5.14V140.14c0-2.84 2.5-5.14 5.58-5.14h323.84c3.08 0 5.58 2.3 5.58 5.14v169.72c0 2.84-2.5 5.14-5.58 5.14z" fill="#f66" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M221.65 267.98l44.66-23.6-44.66-23.44zm-39.3 24.5c-4.07 0-7.3-3.53-7.3-6.75v-82.85c0-3.8 3.8-6.79 7.29-6.79h114.89c5.16 0 7.72 3.99 7.72 6.76v82.78c0 3.57-3.4 6.85-7.44 6.85zM75.29 176.14v133.72c0 1.42 1.25 2.57 2.79 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420h710v380H0z"/><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M0 420h200v30H0z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:423px;margin-left:2px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>Content process hosting the video</div><div><br/></div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="2" y="435" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12">Content process hosting the video</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M230 450h180v80H230z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:178px;height:1px;padding-top:490px;margin-left:231px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">videocontrols.js</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="320" y="494" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">videocontrols.js</text></switch><path d="M407.5 235h10q10 0 10 10v92.5q0 10-10 10H220q-10 0-10 10V480q0 10 10 10h10M175 630v69.9" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M175 706.65l-4.5-9 4.5 2.25 4.5-2.25z" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:670px;margin-left:175px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:11px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;background-color:#fff;white-space:nowrap">MozTogglePictureInPicture chrome event</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="175" y="673" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">MozTogglePictureInPicture chrome event</text></switch><path d="M50 585H30v245h195v119.9" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M225 956.65l-4.5-9 4.5 2.25 4.5-2.25z" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:831px;margin-left:91px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;background-color:#fff;white-space:nowrap">JSWindowActor messaging</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="91" y="834" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">JSWindowActor messaging</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M50 540h250v90H50z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:248px;height:1px;padding-top:585px;margin-left:51px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">PictureInPictureToggleChild</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="175" y="589" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">PictureInPictureToggleChild</text></switch><path d="M300 750h20v290h-39.9" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M273.35 1040l9-4.5-2.25 4.5 2.25 4.5z" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:833px;margin-left:319px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;background-color:#fff;white-space:nowrap">JSWindowActor messaging</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="319" y="836" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">JSWindowActor messaging</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M50 710h250v80H50z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:248px;height:1px;padding-top:750px;margin-left:51px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal"><div>PictureInPictureLauncherChild<br/></div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="175" y="754" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">PictureInPictureLauncherChild</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M430 680h250v80H430z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:248px;height:1px;padding-top:720px;margin-left:431px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">PictureInPictureChild for player &lt;video&gt;</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="555" y="724" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">PictureInPictureChild for player &lt;video&gt;</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M90 960h180v40H90z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:178px;height:1px;padding-top:980px;margin-left:91px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">PictureInPictureToggleParent</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="180" y="984" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">PictureInPictureToggleParent</text></switch><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" pointer-events="all" d="M90 1020h180v40H90z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:178px;height:1px;padding-top:1040px;margin-left:91px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">PictureInPictureLauncherParent</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="180" y="1044" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">PictureInPictureLauncherParent</text></switch><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M80 930h120v30H80z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:933px;margin-left:82px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>PictureInPicture.jsm</div><div><br/></div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="82" y="945" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12">PictureInPicture.jsm</text></switch><path fill="#ffe6cc" stroke="#d79b00" pointer-events="all" d="M830 640h410v520H830z"/><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M0 860h100v20H0z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:863px;margin-left:2px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap">Parent process</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="2" y="875" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12">Parent process</text></switch><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M840 650h250v20H840z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:653px;margin-left:842px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap">player.xhtml / player.js - alwaysontop window</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="842" y="665" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12">player.xhtml / player.js - alwaysontop wi...</text></switch><path fill="#dae8fc" stroke="#6c8ebf" pointer-events="all" d="M840 920h390v230H840z"/><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M850 920h340v30H850z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe flex-start;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:923px;margin-left:852px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap"><div>remote &lt;xul:browser&gt; running in the same content process as</div><div>original video</div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="852" y="935" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12">remote &lt;xul:browser&gt; running in the same content process...</text></switch><path d="M865.58 1125c-1.48 0-2.9-.47-3.94-1.3-1.05-.83-1.64-1.95-1.64-3.13V974.43c0-1.18.59-2.3 1.64-3.13 1.04-.83 2.46-1.3 3.94-1.3h323.84c1.48 0 2.9.47 3.94 1.3 1.05.83 1.64 1.95 1.64 3.13v146.14c0 1.18-.59 2.3-1.64 3.13-1.04.83-2.46 1.3-3.94 1.3z" fill="#f66" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M1009.15 1084.51l44.66-20.32-44.66-20.19zm-39.3 21.1c-4.07 0-7.3-3.04-7.3-5.82v-71.34c0-3.27 3.8-5.84 7.29-5.84h114.89c5.16 0 7.72 3.43 7.72 5.82v71.28c0 3.08-3.4 5.9-7.44 5.9zm-107.06-100.18v115.14c0 .59.3 1.15.82 1.57.52.41 1.23.65 1.97.65h323.84c.74 0 1.45-.24 1.97-.65.52-.42.82-.98.82-1.57v-115.14z" fill-opacity=".5" fill="#fff" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe flex-start;justify-content:unsafe center;width:1px;height:1px;padding-top:971px;margin-left:1028px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#fff;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:nowrap">Player video</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="1028" y="983" fill="#FFF" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">Player video</text></switch><path d="M915 720H690.1" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M683.35 720l9-4.5-2.25 4.5 2.25 4.5z" stroke="#000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" 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pointer-events="all"/><path fill="none" pointer-events="all" d="M570 1070h40v20h-40z"/><switch transform="translate(-.5 -.5)"><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;text-align:left" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:flex;align-items:unsafe center;justify-content:unsafe center;width:38px;height:1px;padding-top:1080px;margin-left:571px"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0;text-align:center"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-family:Helvetica;color:#000;line-height:1.2;pointer-events:all;white-space:normal;word-wrap:normal">Services.ww.openWindow</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="590" y="1084" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12" text-anchor="middle">Servic...</text></switch></svg> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/index.rst b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5e255d4e3
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+++ b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+.. _components/pictureinpicture:
+
+==================
+Picture-in-Picture
+==================
+
+This component makes it possible for a ``<video>`` element on a web page to be played within
+an always-on-top video player.
+
+This documentation covers the architecture and inner workings of both the mechanism that
+displays the ``<video>`` in the always-on-top video player, as well as the mechanism that
+displays the Picture-in-Picture toggle that overlays ``<video>`` elements, which is the primary
+method for launching the feature.
+
+
+High-level overview
+===================
+
+The following diagram tries to illustrate the subcomponents, and how they interact with one another.
+
+.. image:: PiP-diagram.svg
+
+Let's suppose that the user has loaded a document with a ``<video>`` in it, and they decide to open
+it in a Picture-in-Picture window. What happens?
+
+First the ``PictureInPictureToggleChild`` component notices when ``<video>`` elements are added to the
+DOM, and monitors the mouse as it moves around the document. Once the mouse intersects a ``<video>``,
+``PictureInPictureToggleChild`` causes the Picture-in-Picture toggle to appear on that element.
+
+If the user clicks on that toggle, then the ``PictureInPictureToggleChild`` dispatches a chrome-only
+``MozTogglePictureInPicture`` event on the video, which is handled by the ``PictureInPictureLauncherChild`` actor
+for that document. The reason for the indirection via the event is that the media context menu can also
+trigger Picture-in-Picture by dispatching the same event on the video. Upon handling the event, the
+``PictureInPictureLauncherChild`` actor then sends a ``PictureInPicture:Request`` message to the parent process.
+The parent process opens up the always-on-top player window, with a remote ``<xul:browser>`` that runs in
+the same content process as the original ``<video>``. The parent then sends a message to the player
+window's remote ``<xul:browser>`` loaded in the player window. A ``PictureInPictureChild`` actor
+is instantiated for the empty document loaded inside of the player window browser. This
+``PictureInPictureChild`` actor constructs its own ``<video>`` element, and then tells Gecko to clone the
+frames from the original ``<video>`` to the newly created ``<video>``.
+
+At this point, the video is displaying in the Picture-in-Picture player window.
+
+Next, we'll discuss the individual subcomponents, and how they operate at a more detailed level.
+
+
+The Picture-in-Picture toggle
+=============================
+
+One of the primary challenges faced when developing this feature was the fact that, in practice, mouse
+events tend not to reach ``<video>`` elements. This is usually because the ``<video>`` element is
+contained within a hierarchy of other DOM elements that are capturing and handling any events that
+come down. This often occurs on sites that construct their own video controls. This is why we cannot
+simply use a ``mouseover`` event handler on the ``<video>`` UAWidget - on sites that do the event
+capturing, we'll never receive those events and the toggle will not be accessible.
+
+Other times, the problem is that the video is overlaid with a semi or fully transparent element
+which captures any mouse events that would normally be dispatched to the underlying ``<video>``.
+This can occur, for example, on sites that want to display an overlay when the video is paused.
+
+To work around this problem, the `PictureInPictureToggleChild` actor class samples the latest
+``mousemove`` event every ``MOUSEMOVE_PROCESSING_DELAY_MS`` milliseconds, and then calls
+``nsIDOMWindowUtils.nodesFromRect`` with the ``aOnlyVisible`` argument to get the full
+list of visible nodes that exist underneath a 1x1 rect positioned at the mouse cursor.
+
+If a ``<video>`` is in that list, then we reach into its shadow root, and update some
+attributes to tell it to maybe show the toggle.
+
+The underlying ``UAWidget`` for the video is defined in ``videocontrols.js``, and ultimately
+chooses whether or not to display the toggle based on the following heuristics:
+
+1. Is the video less than 45 seconds?
+2. Is either the width or the height of the video less than 160px?
+3. Is the video silent?
+
+If any of the above is true, the underlying ``UAWidget`` will hide the toggle, since it's
+unlikely that the user will want to pop the video out into an always-on-top player window.
+
+
+Video registration
+==================
+
+Sampling the latest ``mousemove`` event every ``MOUSEMOVE_PROCESSING_DELAY_MS`` is not free,
+computationally speaking, so we only do this if there are one or more ``<video>`` elements
+visible on the page. We use an ``IntersectionObserver`` to notice when there is a ``<video>``
+within the viewport, and if there are 1 or more ``<video>`` elements visible, then we start
+sampling the ``mousemove`` event.
+
+Videos are added to the ``IntersectionObserver`` when they are added to the DOM by listening
+for the ``UAWidgetSetupOrChange`` event. This is considered being "registered".
+
+
+``docState``
+============
+
+``PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs`` contains a ``WeakMap`` mapping ``document``'s to various information
+that ``PictureInPictureToggleChild`` wants to retain for the lifetime of that ``document``. For
+example, whether or not we're in the midst of handling the user clicking down on their pointer
+device. Any state that needs to be remembered should be added to the ``docState`` ``WeakMap``.
+
+
+Clicking on the toggle
+======================
+
+If the user clicks on the Picture-in-Picture toggle, we don't want the underlying webpage to
+know that this happened, since this could result in unexpected behaviour, like a page
+navigation (for example, if the ``<video>`` is a long-running advertisement that navigates
+upon click).
+
+To accomplish this, we listen for all events fired on a mouse click on the root window during
+the capturing phase. This allows us to handle the events before they are dispatched to content.
+
+The first event that is fired, ``pointerdown``, is captured, and we check the ``docState`` to see
+whether or not we're showing a toggle on any videos. If so, we check the coordinates of that
+toggle against the coordinates of the ``pointerdown`` event to determine if the user is clicking
+on the toggle. If so, we set a flag in the ``docState`` so that any subsequent events from the
+click (like ``mousedown``, ``mouseup``, ``pointerup``, ``click``) are captured and suppressed.
+If the ``pointerdown`` event didn't occur within a toggle, we let the events pass through as
+normal.
+
+If we determine that the click has occurred on the toggle, a ``MozTogglePictureInPicture`` event
+is dispatched on the underlying ``<video>``. This event is handled by the separate
+``PictureInPictureLauncherChild`` class.
+
+PictureInPictureLauncherChild
+=============================
+
+A small actor class whose only responsibility is to tell the parent process to open an always-on-top-window by sending a ``PictureInPicture:Request`` message to its parent actor.
+
+Currently, this only occurs when a chrome-only ``MozTogglePictureInPicture`` event is dispatched by the ``PictureInPictureToggleChild`` when the user clicks the Picture-in-Picture toggle button
+or uses the context-menu.
+
+PictureInPictureChild
+=====================
+
+The ``PictureInPictureChild`` actor class will run in a content process containing a video, and is instantiated when the player window's `player.js` script runs its initialization. A ``PictureInPictureChild`` maps an individual ``<video>``
+to a player window instance. It creates an always-on-top window, and sets up a new ``<video>`` inside of this window to clone frames from another ``<video>``
+(which will be in the same process, and have its own ``PictureInPictureChild``). Creating this window also causes the new ``PictureInPictureChild`` to be created.
+This instance will monitor the originating ``<video>`` for changes, and to receive commands from the player window if the user wants to control the ``<video>``.
+
+PictureInPicture.sys.mjs
+========================
+
+This module runs in the parent process, and is also the scope where all ``PictureInPictureParent`` instances reside. ``PictureInPicture.sys.mjs``'s job is to send and receive messages from ``PictureInPictureChild`` instances, and to react appropriately.
+
+Critically, ``PictureInPicture.sys.mjs`` is responsible for opening up the always-on-top player window, and passing the relevant information about the ``<video>`` to be displayed to it.
+
+
+The Picture-in-Picture player window
+====================================
+
+The Picture-in-Picture player window is a chrome-privileged window that loads an XHTML document. That document contains a remote ``<browser>`` element which is repurposed during window initialization to load in the same content process as the originating ``<video>``.
+
+The player window is where the player controls are defined, like "Play" and "Pause". When the user interacts with the player controls, a message is sent down to the appropriate ``PictureInPictureChild`` to call the appropriate method on the underlying ``<video>`` element in the originating tab.
+
+
+Cloning the video frames
+========================
+
+While it appears as if the video is moving from the original ``<video>`` element to the player window, what's actually occurring is that the video frames are being *cloned* to the player window ``<video>`` element. This cloning is done at the platform level using a privileged method on the ``<video>`` element: ``cloneElementVisually``.
+
+
+``cloneElementVisually``
+------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ Promise<void> video.cloneElementVisually(otherVideo);
+
+This will clone the frames being decoded for ``video`` and display them on the ``otherVideo`` element as well. The returned Promise resolves once the cloning has successfully started.
+
+
+``stopCloningElementVisually``
+------------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ void video.stopCloningElementVisually();
+
+If ``video`` is being cloned visually to another element, calling this method will stop the cloning.
+
+
+``isCloningElementVisually``
+----------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ boolean video.isCloningElementVisually;
+
+A read-only value that returns ``true`` if ``video`` is being cloned visually.
+
+Site-specific video wrappers
+============================
+
+A site-specific video wrapper allows for the creation of custom scripts that the Picture-in-Picture component can utilize when videos are loaded in specific domains. Currently, some uses of video wrappers include:
+
+* Integration of captions and subtitles support on certain video streaming sites
+* Fixing inconsistent video behaviour when using Picture-in-Picture controls
+* Hiding the Picture-in-Picture toggle for videos on particular areas of a page, given a URL (rather than hiding the toggle for all videos on a page)
+
+``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper`` and ``videoWrapperScriptPath``
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper`` is a special class that represents a video wrapper. It is defined in ``PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs`` and maps to a ``videoWrapperScriptPath``, which is the path of the custom wrapper script to use.
+``videoWrapperScriptPath`` is defined in `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/data/picture_in_picture_overrides.js <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/data/picture_in_picture_overrides.js>`_ for a domain,
+and custom wrapper scripts are defined in `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/video-wrappers <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/video-wrappers>`_.
+
+If a ``videoWrapperScriptPath`` is detected while initializing the Picture-in-Picture toggle or window, we immediately create a new instance of ``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper`` based on the given path, allowing us to run our custom scripts.
+
+API
+^^^
+See the full list of methods at `API References <#toolkit-actors-pictureinpicturechild-jsm>`_.
+
+Sandbox
+^^^^^^^
+Performing video control operations on the originating video requires executing code in the browser content. For security reasons, we utilize a *sandbox* to isolate these operations and prevent direct access to ``PictureInPictureChild``. In other words, we run content code within the sandbox itself.
+However, it is necessary to waive :ref:`xray vision <Waiving_Xray_vision>` so that we can execute the video control operations. This is done by reading the wrapper’s ``.wrappedJSObject`` property.
+
+Adding a new site-specific video wrapper
+----------------------------------------
+Creating a new wrapper script file
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Add a new JS file for the new video wrapper in `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/video-wrappers <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/video-wrappers>`_.
+The file must meet several requirements to get the wrapper working.
+
+**Script file requirements**:
+
+* Defined class ``PictureInPictureVideoWrapper``
+* Assigned ``this.PictureInPictureVideoWrapper = PictureInPictureVideoWrapper``
+
+**PictureInPictureVideoWrapper class requirements**:
+
+* Implementation of at least one overridable method (see :ref:`picture_in_picture_child_video_wrapper_api`)
+
+**Overriden method requirements**:
+
+* Return value with a type that corresponds to ``validateRetVal`` in ``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper.#callWrapperMethod()``
+
+Below is an example of a script file ``mock-wrapper.js`` that overrides an existing method ``setMuted()`` in ``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper``:
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ // sample file `mock-wrapper.js`
+ class PictureInPictureVideoWrapper {
+ setMuted(video, shouldMute) {
+ if (video.muted !== shouldMute) {
+ let muteButton = document.querySelector("#player .mute-button");
+ if (muteButton) {
+ muteButton.click();
+ } else {
+ video.muted = shouldMute;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ this.PictureInPictureVideoWrapper = PictureInPictureVideoWrapper
+
+.. note::
+ If a new ``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper`` video control method is needed, see `Adding a new video control method`_.
+
+Declaring ``videoWrapperScriptPath``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Declare a property ``videoWrapperScriptPath`` for the site at `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/data/picture_in_picture_overrides.js <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/data/picture_in_picture_overrides.js>`_:
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ someWebsite: {
+ "https://*.somewebsite.com/*": {
+ videoWrapperScriptPath: "video-wrappers/mock-wrapper.js",
+ },
+ }
+
+In this example, the URL pattern ``https://*.somewebsite.com/*`` is provided for a site named ``someWebsite``.
+Picture-in-Picture checks for any overrides upon initialization, and it will load scripts specified by ``videoWrapperScriptPath``.
+The scripts located at ``video-wrappers/mock-wrapper.js`` will therefore run whenever we view a video from a URL matching ``somewebsite.com``.
+
+Registering the new wrapper in ``moz.build``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+We should update `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/moz.build <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/moz.build>`_ by adding the path of the newly created wrapper:
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ FINAL_TARGET_FILES.features["pictureinpicture@mozilla.org"]["video-wrappers"] += [
+ "video-wrappers/mock-wrapper.js",
+ "video-wrappers/netflix.js",
+ "video-wrappers/youtube.js",
+ ]
+
+As expected for any ``moz.build`` file, order matters. Registered paths should be listed in alphabetical order. Otherwise, the build will fail.
+
+Adding a new video control method
+---------------------------------
+If none of the existing overridable methods in ``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper`` are applicable for a bug fix or feature enhancement,
+we can create a new one by calling ``#callWrapperMethod()``. Below is an example of how we would define a new overridable method ``setMuted()``:
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ // class PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper in PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs
+ setMuted(video, shouldMute) {
+ return this.#callWrapperMethod({
+ name: "setMuted",
+ args: [video, shouldMute],
+ fallback: () => {
+ video.muted = shouldMute;
+ },
+ validateRetVal: retVal => retVal == null,
+ });
+ }
+
+The new method passes to ``#callWrapperMethod()``:
+
+#. The method name
+#. The expected arguments that a wrapper script may use
+#. A fallback function
+#. A conditional expression that validates the return value
+
+The fallback function only executes if a wrapper script fails or if the method is not overriden.
+``validateRetVal`` checks the type of the return value and ensures it matches the expected type. If there is no return value, simply validate if type is ``null``.
+
+.. note::
+ Generic method names are preferred so that they can be used for any video wrapper.
+ For example: instead of naming a method ``updateCaptionsContainerForSiteA()``, use ``updateCaptionsContainer()``.
+
+Using the new video control method
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Once the new method is defined, it can be used throughout ``PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs``. In the current example, we call
+``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper.setMuted()`` to mute or unmute a video. ``this.videoWrapper`` is an instance of
+``PictureInPictureChildVideoWrapper``:
+
+.. code-block:: js
+
+ // class PictureInPictureChild in PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs
+ mute() {
+ let video = this.getWeakVideo();
+ if (video && this.videoWrapper) {
+ this.videoWrapper.setMuted(video, true);
+ }
+ }
+
+ unmute() {
+ let video = this.getWeakVideo();
+ if (video && this.videoWrapper) {
+ this.videoWrapper.setMuted(video, false);
+ }
+ }
+
+Testing site-specific video wrappers
+------------------------------------
+Automated Tests
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Automated tests for site specific wrappers are currently limited. New tests can be made in `browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/tests/browser <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/extensions/pictureinpicture/tests/browser>`_ to ensure
+general functionality, but these are restricted to Firefox Nightly and do not test functionality on specific sites.
+
+Some challenges with writing tests include:
+
+* Accessing DRM content
+* Log-in credentials if a site requires a user account
+* Detecting modifications to a web page or video player that render a wrapper script obsolete
+
+Manual Tests
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+The go-to approach right now is to test video wrappers manually, in tandem with reviews provided by the phabricator group `#pip-reviewers <https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/project/profile/163/>`_. Below are some questions that reviewers will consider:
+
+* Does Picture-in-Picture crash or freeze?
+* Does the wrapper work on Windows, MacOS, and Linux?
+* Do Picture-in-Picture features work as expected? (Picture-in-Picture toggle, text tracks, video controls, etc.)
+* Do existing automated tests work as they should?
+
+.. warning::
+ DRM content may not load for all local Firefox builds. One possible solution is to test the video wrapper in a try build (ex. Linux).
+ Depending on the changes made, we may also require the script to run under a temporary pref such as ``media.videocontrols.picture-in-picture.WIP.someWebsiteWrapper`` for the purpose of testing changes in Firefox Nightly.
+
+API References
+==============
+``toolkit/components/pictureinpicture``
+---------------------------------------
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ picture-in-picture-api
+ player-api
+
+``toolkit/actors/PictureInPictureChild.sys.mjs``
+------------------------------------------------
+* :ref:`picture_in_picture_child_video_wrapper_api`
diff --git a/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/picture-in-picture-api.rst b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/picture-in-picture-api.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06f2ea5fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/picture-in-picture-api.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+PictureInPicture Reference
+===========================
+.. js:autoclass:: PictureInPicture
+ :members:
diff --git a/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/player-api.rst b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/player-api.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a990967dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolkit/components/pictureinpicture/docs/player-api.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Player Reference
+======================
+.. js:autoclass:: Player
+ :members: