/*! Types and routines specific to dense DFAs. This module is the home of [`dense::DFA`](DFA). This module also contains a [`dense::Builder`](Builder) and a [`dense::Config`](Config) for building and configuring a dense DFA. */ #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] use core::cmp; use core::{convert::TryFrom, fmt, iter, mem::size_of, slice}; #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] use alloc::{ collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet}, vec, vec::Vec, }; #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] use crate::{ dfa::{ accel::Accel, determinize, minimize::Minimizer, remapper::Remapper, sparse, }, nfa::thompson, util::{look::LookMatcher, search::MatchKind}, }; use crate::{ dfa::{ accel::Accels, automaton::{fmt_state_indicator, Automaton}, special::Special, start::StartKind, DEAD, }, util::{ alphabet::{self, ByteClasses, ByteSet}, int::{Pointer, Usize}, prefilter::Prefilter, primitives::{PatternID, StateID}, search::{Anchored, Input, MatchError}, start::{Start, StartByteMap}, wire::{self, DeserializeError, Endian, SerializeError}, }, }; /// The label that is pre-pended to a serialized DFA. const LABEL: &str = "rust-regex-automata-dfa-dense"; /// The format version of dense regexes. This version gets incremented when a /// change occurs. A change may not necessarily be a breaking change, but the /// version does permit good error messages in the case where a breaking change /// is made. const VERSION: u32 = 2; /// The configuration used for compiling a dense DFA. /// /// As a convenience, [`DFA::config`] is an alias for [`Config::new`]. The /// advantage of the former is that it often lets you avoid importing the /// `Config` type directly. /// /// A dense DFA configuration is a simple data object that is typically used /// with [`dense::Builder::configure`](self::Builder::configure). /// /// The default configuration guarantees that a search will never return /// a "quit" error, although it is possible for a search to fail if /// [`Config::starts_for_each_pattern`] wasn't enabled (which it is not by /// default) and an [`Anchored::Pattern`] mode is requested via [`Input`]. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)] pub struct Config { // As with other configuration types in this crate, we put all our knobs // in options so that we can distinguish between "default" and "not set." // This makes it possible to easily combine multiple configurations // without default values overwriting explicitly specified values. See the // 'overwrite' method. // // For docs on the fields below, see the corresponding method setters. accelerate: Option, pre: Option>, minimize: Option, match_kind: Option, start_kind: Option, starts_for_each_pattern: Option, byte_classes: Option, unicode_word_boundary: Option, quitset: Option, specialize_start_states: Option, dfa_size_limit: Option>, determinize_size_limit: Option>, } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl Config { /// Return a new default dense DFA compiler configuration. pub fn new() -> Config { Config::default() } /// Enable state acceleration. /// /// When enabled, DFA construction will analyze each state to determine /// whether it is eligible for simple acceleration. Acceleration typically /// occurs when most of a state's transitions loop back to itself, leaving /// only a select few bytes that will exit the state. When this occurs, /// other routines like `memchr` can be used to look for those bytes which /// may be much faster than traversing the DFA. /// /// Callers may elect to disable this if consistent performance is more /// desirable than variable performance. Namely, acceleration can sometimes /// make searching slower than it otherwise would be if the transitions /// that leave accelerated states are traversed frequently. /// /// See [`Automaton::accelerator`](crate::dfa::Automaton::accelerator) for /// an example. /// /// This is enabled by default. pub fn accelerate(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { self.accelerate = Some(yes); self } /// Set a prefilter to be used whenever a start state is entered. /// /// A [`Prefilter`] in this context is meant to accelerate searches by /// looking for literal prefixes that every match for the corresponding /// pattern (or patterns) must start with. Once a prefilter produces a /// match, the underlying search routine continues on to try and confirm /// the match. /// /// Be warned that setting a prefilter does not guarantee that the search /// will be faster. While it's usually a good bet, if the prefilter /// produces a lot of false positive candidates (i.e., positions matched /// by the prefilter but not by the regex), then the overall result can /// be slower than if you had just executed the regex engine without any /// prefilters. /// /// Note that unless [`Config::specialize_start_states`] has been /// explicitly set, then setting this will also enable (when `pre` is /// `Some`) or disable (when `pre` is `None`) start state specialization. /// This occurs because without start state specialization, a prefilter /// is likely to be less effective. And without a prefilter, start state /// specialization is usually pointless. /// /// **WARNING:** Note that prefilters are not preserved as part of /// serialization. Serializing a DFA will drop its prefilter. /// /// By default no prefilter is set. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense::DFA, Automaton}, /// util::prefilter::Prefilter, /// Input, HalfMatch, MatchKind, /// }; /// /// let pre = Prefilter::new(MatchKind::LeftmostFirst, &["foo", "bar"]); /// let re = DFA::builder() /// .configure(DFA::config().prefilter(pre)) /// .build(r"(foo|bar)[a-z]+")?; /// let input = Input::new("foo1 barfox bar"); /// assert_eq!( /// Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 11)), /// re.try_search_fwd(&input)?, /// ); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// Be warned though that an incorrect prefilter can lead to incorrect /// results! /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense::DFA, Automaton}, /// util::prefilter::Prefilter, /// Input, HalfMatch, MatchKind, /// }; /// /// let pre = Prefilter::new(MatchKind::LeftmostFirst, &["foo", "car"]); /// let re = DFA::builder() /// .configure(DFA::config().prefilter(pre)) /// .build(r"(foo|bar)[a-z]+")?; /// let input = Input::new("foo1 barfox bar"); /// assert_eq!( /// // No match reported even though there clearly is one! /// None, /// re.try_search_fwd(&input)?, /// ); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn prefilter(mut self, pre: Option) -> Config { self.pre = Some(pre); if self.specialize_start_states.is_none() { self.specialize_start_states = Some(self.get_prefilter().is_some()); } self } /// Minimize the DFA. /// /// When enabled, the DFA built will be minimized such that it is as small /// as possible. /// /// Whether one enables minimization or not depends on the types of costs /// you're willing to pay and how much you care about its benefits. In /// particular, minimization has worst case `O(n*k*logn)` time and `O(k*n)` /// space, where `n` is the number of DFA states and `k` is the alphabet /// size. In practice, minimization can be quite costly in terms of both /// space and time, so it should only be done if you're willing to wait /// longer to produce a DFA. In general, you might want a minimal DFA in /// the following circumstances: /// /// 1. You would like to optimize for the size of the automaton. This can /// manifest in one of two ways. Firstly, if you're converting the /// DFA into Rust code (or a table embedded in the code), then a minimal /// DFA will translate into a corresponding reduction in code size, and /// thus, also the final compiled binary size. Secondly, if you are /// building many DFAs and putting them on the heap, you'll be able to /// fit more if they are smaller. Note though that building a minimal /// DFA itself requires additional space; you only realize the space /// savings once the minimal DFA is constructed (at which point, the /// space used for minimization is freed). /// 2. You've observed that a smaller DFA results in faster match /// performance. Naively, this isn't guaranteed since there is no /// inherent difference between matching with a bigger-than-minimal /// DFA and a minimal DFA. However, a smaller DFA may make use of your /// CPU's cache more efficiently. /// 3. You are trying to establish an equivalence between regular /// languages. The standard method for this is to build a minimal DFA /// for each language and then compare them. If the DFAs are equivalent /// (up to state renaming), then the languages are equivalent. /// /// Typically, minimization only makes sense as an offline process. That /// is, one might minimize a DFA before serializing it to persistent /// storage. In practical terms, minimization can take around an order of /// magnitude more time than compiling the initial DFA via determinization. /// /// This option is disabled by default. pub fn minimize(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { self.minimize = Some(yes); self } /// Set the desired match semantics. /// /// The default is [`MatchKind::LeftmostFirst`], which corresponds to the /// match semantics of Perl-like regex engines. That is, when multiple /// patterns would match at the same leftmost position, the pattern that /// appears first in the concrete syntax is chosen. /// /// Currently, the only other kind of match semantics supported is /// [`MatchKind::All`]. This corresponds to classical DFA construction /// where all possible matches are added to the DFA. /// /// Typically, `All` is used when one wants to execute an overlapping /// search and `LeftmostFirst` otherwise. In particular, it rarely makes /// sense to use `All` with the various "leftmost" find routines, since the /// leftmost routines depend on the `LeftmostFirst` automata construction /// strategy. Specifically, `LeftmostFirst` adds dead states to the DFA /// as a way to terminate the search and report a match. `LeftmostFirst` /// also supports non-greedy matches using this strategy where as `All` /// does not. /// /// # Example: overlapping search /// /// This example shows the typical use of `MatchKind::All`, which is to /// report overlapping matches. /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{Automaton, OverlappingState, dense}, /// HalfMatch, Input, MatchKind, /// }; /// /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().match_kind(MatchKind::All)) /// .build_many(&[r"\w+$", r"\S+$"])?; /// let input = Input::new("@foo"); /// let mut state = OverlappingState::start(); /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(1, 4)); /// dfa.try_search_overlapping_fwd(&input, &mut state)?; /// assert_eq!(expected, state.get_match()); /// /// // The first pattern also matches at the same position, so re-running /// // the search will yield another match. Notice also that the first /// // pattern is returned after the second. This is because the second /// // pattern begins its match before the first, is therefore an earlier /// // match and is thus reported first. /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 4)); /// dfa.try_search_overlapping_fwd(&input, &mut state)?; /// assert_eq!(expected, state.get_match()); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// # Example: reverse automaton to find start of match /// /// Another example for using `MatchKind::All` is for constructing a /// reverse automaton to find the start of a match. `All` semantics are /// used for this in order to find the longest possible match, which /// corresponds to the leftmost starting position. /// /// Note that if you need the starting position then /// [`dfa::regex::Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex) will handle this for /// you, so it's usually not necessary to do this yourself. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense, Automaton, StartKind}, /// nfa::thompson::NFA, /// Anchored, HalfMatch, Input, MatchKind, /// }; /// /// let haystack = "123foobar456".as_bytes(); /// let pattern = r"[a-z]+r"; /// /// let dfa_fwd = dense::DFA::new(pattern)?; /// let dfa_rev = dense::Builder::new() /// .thompson(NFA::config().reverse(true)) /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// // This isn't strictly necessary since both anchored and /// // unanchored searches are supported by default. But since /// // finding the start-of-match only requires anchored searches, /// // we can get rid of the unanchored configuration and possibly /// // slim down our DFA considerably. /// .start_kind(StartKind::Anchored) /// .match_kind(MatchKind::All) /// ) /// .build(pattern)?; /// let expected_fwd = HalfMatch::must(0, 9); /// let expected_rev = HalfMatch::must(0, 3); /// let got_fwd = dfa_fwd.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack))?.unwrap(); /// // Here we don't specify the pattern to search for since there's only /// // one pattern and we're doing a leftmost search. But if this were an /// // overlapping search, you'd need to specify the pattern that matched /// // in the forward direction. (Otherwise, you might wind up finding the /// // starting position of a match of some other pattern.) That in turn /// // requires building the reverse automaton with starts_for_each_pattern /// // enabled. Indeed, this is what Regex does internally. /// let input = Input::new(haystack) /// .range(..got_fwd.offset()) /// .anchored(Anchored::Yes); /// let got_rev = dfa_rev.try_search_rev(&input)?.unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(expected_fwd, got_fwd); /// assert_eq!(expected_rev, got_rev); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn match_kind(mut self, kind: MatchKind) -> Config { self.match_kind = Some(kind); self } /// The type of starting state configuration to use for a DFA. /// /// By default, the starting state configuration is [`StartKind::Both`]. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense::DFA, Automaton, StartKind}, /// Anchored, HalfMatch, Input, /// }; /// /// let haystack = "quux foo123"; /// let expected = HalfMatch::must(0, 11); /// /// // By default, DFAs support both anchored and unanchored searches. /// let dfa = DFA::new(r"[0-9]+")?; /// let input = Input::new(haystack); /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?); /// /// // But if we only need anchored searches, then we can build a DFA /// // that only supports anchored searches. This leads to a smaller DFA /// // (potentially significantly smaller in some cases), but a DFA that /// // will panic if you try to use it with an unanchored search. /// let dfa = DFA::builder() /// .configure(DFA::config().start_kind(StartKind::Anchored)) /// .build(r"[0-9]+")?; /// let input = Input::new(haystack) /// .range(8..) /// .anchored(Anchored::Yes); /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn start_kind(mut self, kind: StartKind) -> Config { self.start_kind = Some(kind); self } /// Whether to compile a separate start state for each pattern in the /// automaton. /// /// When enabled, a separate **anchored** start state is added for each /// pattern in the DFA. When this start state is used, then the DFA will /// only search for matches for the pattern specified, even if there are /// other patterns in the DFA. /// /// The main downside of this option is that it can potentially increase /// the size of the DFA and/or increase the time it takes to build the DFA. /// /// There are a few reasons one might want to enable this (it's disabled /// by default): /// /// 1. When looking for the start of an overlapping match (using a /// reverse DFA), doing it correctly requires starting the reverse search /// using the starting state of the pattern that matched in the forward /// direction. Indeed, when building a [`Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex), /// it will automatically enable this option when building the reverse DFA /// internally. /// 2. When you want to use a DFA with multiple patterns to both search /// for matches of any pattern or to search for anchored matches of one /// particular pattern while using the same DFA. (Otherwise, you would need /// to compile a new DFA for each pattern.) /// 3. Since the start states added for each pattern are anchored, if you /// compile an unanchored DFA with one pattern while also enabling this /// option, then you can use the same DFA to perform anchored or unanchored /// searches. The latter you get with the standard search APIs. The former /// you get from the various `_at` search methods that allow you specify a /// pattern ID to search for. /// /// By default this is disabled. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to use this option to permit the same DFA to /// run both anchored and unanchored searches for a single pattern. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense, Automaton}, /// Anchored, HalfMatch, PatternID, Input, /// }; /// /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().starts_for_each_pattern(true)) /// .build(r"foo[0-9]+")?; /// let haystack = "quux foo123"; /// /// // Here's a normal unanchored search. Notice that we use 'None' for the /// // pattern ID. Since the DFA was built as an unanchored machine, it /// // use its default unanchored starting state. /// let expected = HalfMatch::must(0, 11); /// let input = Input::new(haystack); /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?); /// // But now if we explicitly specify the pattern to search ('0' being /// // the only pattern in the DFA), then it will use the starting state /// // for that specific pattern which is always anchored. Since the /// // pattern doesn't have a match at the beginning of the haystack, we /// // find nothing. /// let input = Input::new(haystack) /// .anchored(Anchored::Pattern(PatternID::must(0))); /// assert_eq!(None, dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?); /// // And finally, an anchored search is not the same as putting a '^' at /// // beginning of the pattern. An anchored search can only match at the /// // beginning of the *search*, which we can change: /// let input = Input::new(haystack) /// .anchored(Anchored::Pattern(PatternID::must(0))) /// .range(5..); /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn starts_for_each_pattern(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { self.starts_for_each_pattern = Some(yes); self } /// Whether to attempt to shrink the size of the DFA's alphabet or not. /// /// This option is enabled by default and should never be disabled unless /// one is debugging a generated DFA. /// /// When enabled, the DFA will use a map from all possible bytes to their /// corresponding equivalence class. Each equivalence class represents a /// set of bytes that does not discriminate between a match and a non-match /// in the DFA. For example, the pattern `[ab]+` has at least two /// equivalence classes: a set containing `a` and `b` and a set containing /// every byte except for `a` and `b`. `a` and `b` are in the same /// equivalence class because they never discriminate between a match and a /// non-match. /// /// The advantage of this map is that the size of the transition table /// can be reduced drastically from `#states * 256 * sizeof(StateID)` to /// `#states * k * sizeof(StateID)` where `k` is the number of equivalence /// classes (rounded up to the nearest power of 2). As a result, total /// space usage can decrease substantially. Moreover, since a smaller /// alphabet is used, DFA compilation becomes faster as well. /// /// **WARNING:** This is only useful for debugging DFAs. Disabling this /// does not yield any speed advantages. Namely, even when this is /// disabled, a byte class map is still used while searching. The only /// difference is that every byte will be forced into its own distinct /// equivalence class. This is useful for debugging the actual generated /// transitions because it lets one see the transitions defined on actual /// bytes instead of the equivalence classes. pub fn byte_classes(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { self.byte_classes = Some(yes); self } /// Heuristically enable Unicode word boundaries. /// /// When set, this will attempt to implement Unicode word boundaries as if /// they were ASCII word boundaries. This only works when the search input /// is ASCII only. If a non-ASCII byte is observed while searching, then a /// [`MatchError::quit`](crate::MatchError::quit) error is returned. /// /// A possible alternative to enabling this option is to simply use an /// ASCII word boundary, e.g., via `(?-u:\b)`. The main reason to use this /// option is if you absolutely need Unicode support. This option lets one /// use a fast search implementation (a DFA) for some potentially very /// common cases, while providing the option to fall back to some other /// regex engine to handle the general case when an error is returned. /// /// If the pattern provided has no Unicode word boundary in it, then this /// option has no effect. (That is, quitting on a non-ASCII byte only /// occurs when this option is enabled _and_ a Unicode word boundary is /// present in the pattern.) /// /// This is almost equivalent to setting all non-ASCII bytes to be quit /// bytes. The only difference is that this will cause non-ASCII bytes to /// be quit bytes _only_ when a Unicode word boundary is present in the /// pattern. /// /// When enabling this option, callers _must_ be prepared to handle /// a [`MatchError`](crate::MatchError) error during search. /// When using a [`Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex), this corresponds /// to using the `try_` suite of methods. Alternatively, if /// callers can guarantee that their input is ASCII only, then a /// [`MatchError::quit`](crate::MatchError::quit) error will never be /// returned while searching. /// /// This is disabled by default. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to heuristically enable Unicode word boundaries /// in a pattern. It also shows what happens when a search comes across a /// non-ASCII byte. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{Automaton, dense}, /// HalfMatch, Input, MatchError, /// }; /// /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().unicode_word_boundary(true)) /// .build(r"\b[0-9]+\b")?; /// /// // The match occurs before the search ever observes the snowman /// // character, so no error occurs. /// let haystack = "foo 123 ☃".as_bytes(); /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 7)); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack))?; /// assert_eq!(expected, got); /// /// // Notice that this search fails, even though the snowman character /// // occurs after the ending match offset. This is because search /// // routines read one byte past the end of the search to account for /// // look-around, and indeed, this is required here to determine whether /// // the trailing \b matches. /// let haystack = "foo 123 ☃".as_bytes(); /// let expected = MatchError::quit(0xE2, 8); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack)); /// assert_eq!(Err(expected), got); /// /// // Another example is executing a search where the span of the haystack /// // we specify is all ASCII, but there is non-ASCII just before it. This /// // correctly also reports an error. /// let input = Input::new("β123").range(2..); /// let expected = MatchError::quit(0xB2, 1); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&input); /// assert_eq!(Err(expected), got); /// /// // And similarly for the trailing word boundary. /// let input = Input::new("123β").range(..3); /// let expected = MatchError::quit(0xCE, 3); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&input); /// assert_eq!(Err(expected), got); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn unicode_word_boundary(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { // We have a separate option for this instead of just setting the // appropriate quit bytes here because we don't want to set quit bytes // for every regex. We only want to set them when the regex contains a // Unicode word boundary. self.unicode_word_boundary = Some(yes); self } /// Add a "quit" byte to the DFA. /// /// When a quit byte is seen during search time, then search will return /// a [`MatchError::quit`](crate::MatchError::quit) error indicating the /// offset at which the search stopped. /// /// A quit byte will always overrule any other aspects of a regex. For /// example, if the `x` byte is added as a quit byte and the regex `\w` is /// used, then observing `x` will cause the search to quit immediately /// despite the fact that `x` is in the `\w` class. /// /// This mechanism is primarily useful for heuristically enabling certain /// features like Unicode word boundaries in a DFA. Namely, if the input /// to search is ASCII, then a Unicode word boundary can be implemented /// via an ASCII word boundary with no change in semantics. Thus, a DFA /// can attempt to match a Unicode word boundary but give up as soon as it /// observes a non-ASCII byte. Indeed, if callers set all non-ASCII bytes /// to be quit bytes, then Unicode word boundaries will be permitted when /// building DFAs. Of course, callers should enable /// [`Config::unicode_word_boundary`] if they want this behavior instead. /// (The advantage being that non-ASCII quit bytes will only be added if a /// Unicode word boundary is in the pattern.) /// /// When enabling this option, callers _must_ be prepared to handle a /// [`MatchError`](crate::MatchError) error during search. When using a /// [`Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex), this corresponds to using the /// `try_` suite of methods. /// /// By default, there are no quit bytes set. /// /// # Panics /// /// This panics if heuristic Unicode word boundaries are enabled and any /// non-ASCII byte is removed from the set of quit bytes. Namely, enabling /// Unicode word boundaries requires setting every non-ASCII byte to a quit /// byte. So if the caller attempts to undo any of that, then this will /// panic. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to cause a search to terminate if it sees a /// `\n` byte. This could be useful if, for example, you wanted to prevent /// a user supplied pattern from matching across a line boundary. /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, Input, MatchError}; /// /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().quit(b'\n', true)) /// .build(r"foo\p{any}+bar")?; /// /// let haystack = "foo\nbar".as_bytes(); /// // Normally this would produce a match, since \p{any} contains '\n'. /// // But since we instructed the automaton to enter a quit state if a /// // '\n' is observed, this produces a match error instead. /// let expected = MatchError::quit(b'\n', 3); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack)).unwrap_err(); /// assert_eq!(expected, got); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn quit(mut self, byte: u8, yes: bool) -> Config { if self.get_unicode_word_boundary() && !byte.is_ascii() && !yes { panic!( "cannot set non-ASCII byte to be non-quit when \ Unicode word boundaries are enabled" ); } if self.quitset.is_none() { self.quitset = Some(ByteSet::empty()); } if yes { self.quitset.as_mut().unwrap().add(byte); } else { self.quitset.as_mut().unwrap().remove(byte); } self } /// Enable specializing start states in the DFA. /// /// When start states are specialized, an implementor of a search routine /// using a lazy DFA can tell when the search has entered a starting state. /// When start states aren't specialized, then it is impossible to know /// whether the search has entered a start state. /// /// Ideally, this option wouldn't need to exist and we could always /// specialize start states. The problem is that start states can be quite /// active. This in turn means that an efficient search routine is likely /// to ping-pong between a heavily optimized hot loop that handles most /// states and to a less optimized specialized handling of start states. /// This causes branches to get heavily mispredicted and overall can /// materially decrease throughput. Therefore, specializing start states /// should only be enabled when it is needed. /// /// Knowing whether a search is in a start state is typically useful when a /// prefilter is active for the search. A prefilter is typically only run /// when in a start state and a prefilter can greatly accelerate a search. /// Therefore, the possible cost of specializing start states is worth it /// in this case. Otherwise, if you have no prefilter, there is likely no /// reason to specialize start states. /// /// This is disabled by default, but note that it is automatically /// enabled (or disabled) if [`Config::prefilter`] is set. Namely, unless /// `specialize_start_states` has already been set, [`Config::prefilter`] /// will automatically enable or disable it based on whether a prefilter /// is present or not, respectively. This is done because a prefilter's /// effectiveness is rooted in being executed whenever the DFA is in a /// start state, and that's only possible to do when they are specialized. /// /// Note that it is plausibly reasonable to _disable_ this option /// explicitly while _enabling_ a prefilter. In that case, a prefilter /// will still be run at the beginning of a search, but never again. This /// in theory could strike a good balance if you're in a situation where a /// prefilter is likely to produce many false positive candidates. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to enable start state specialization and then /// shows how to check whether a state is a start state or not. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, Input}; /// /// let dfa = DFA::builder() /// .configure(DFA::config().specialize_start_states(true)) /// .build(r"[a-z]+")?; /// /// let haystack = "123 foobar 4567".as_bytes(); /// let sid = dfa.start_state_forward(&Input::new(haystack))?; /// // The ID returned by 'start_state_forward' will always be tagged as /// // a start state when start state specialization is enabled. /// assert!(dfa.is_special_state(sid)); /// assert!(dfa.is_start_state(sid)); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// Compare the above with the default DFA configuration where start states /// are _not_ specialized. In this case, the start state is not tagged at /// all: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, Input}; /// /// let dfa = DFA::new(r"[a-z]+")?; /// /// let haystack = "123 foobar 4567"; /// let sid = dfa.start_state_forward(&Input::new(haystack))?; /// // Start states are not special in the default configuration! /// assert!(!dfa.is_special_state(sid)); /// assert!(!dfa.is_start_state(sid)); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn specialize_start_states(mut self, yes: bool) -> Config { self.specialize_start_states = Some(yes); self } /// Set a size limit on the total heap used by a DFA. /// /// This size limit is expressed in bytes and is applied during /// determinization of an NFA into a DFA. If the DFA's heap usage, and only /// the DFA, exceeds this configured limit, then determinization is stopped /// and an error is returned. /// /// This limit does not apply to auxiliary storage used during /// determinization that isn't part of the generated DFA. /// /// This limit is only applied during determinization. Currently, there is /// no way to post-pone this check to after minimization if minimization /// was enabled. /// /// The total limit on heap used during determinization is the sum of the /// DFA and determinization size limits. /// /// The default is no limit. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows a DFA that fails to build because of a configured /// size limit. This particular example also serves as a cautionary tale /// demonstrating just how big DFAs with large Unicode character classes /// can get. /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{dense, Automaton}, Input}; /// /// // 6MB isn't enough! /// dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().dfa_size_limit(Some(6_000_000))) /// .build(r"\w{20}") /// .unwrap_err(); /// /// // ... but 7MB probably is! /// // (Note that DFA sizes aren't necessarily stable between releases.) /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().dfa_size_limit(Some(7_000_000))) /// .build(r"\w{20}")?; /// let haystack = "A".repeat(20).into_bytes(); /// assert!(dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(&haystack))?.is_some()); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// While one needs a little more than 6MB to represent `\w{20}`, it /// turns out that you only need a little more than 6KB to represent /// `(?-u:\w{20})`. So only use Unicode if you need it! /// /// As with [`Config::determinize_size_limit`], the size of a DFA is /// influenced by other factors, such as what start state configurations /// to support. For example, if you only need unanchored searches and not /// anchored searches, then configuring the DFA to only support unanchored /// searches can reduce its size. By default, DFAs support both unanchored /// and anchored searches. /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{dense, Automaton, StartKind}, Input}; /// /// // 3MB isn't enough! /// dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .dfa_size_limit(Some(3_000_000)) /// .start_kind(StartKind::Unanchored) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}") /// .unwrap_err(); /// /// // ... but 4MB probably is! /// // (Note that DFA sizes aren't necessarily stable between releases.) /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .dfa_size_limit(Some(4_000_000)) /// .start_kind(StartKind::Unanchored) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}")?; /// let haystack = "A".repeat(20).into_bytes(); /// assert!(dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(&haystack))?.is_some()); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn dfa_size_limit(mut self, bytes: Option) -> Config { self.dfa_size_limit = Some(bytes); self } /// Set a size limit on the total heap used by determinization. /// /// This size limit is expressed in bytes and is applied during /// determinization of an NFA into a DFA. If the heap used for auxiliary /// storage during determinization (memory that is not in the DFA but /// necessary for building the DFA) exceeds this configured limit, then /// determinization is stopped and an error is returned. /// /// This limit does not apply to heap used by the DFA itself. /// /// The total limit on heap used during determinization is the sum of the /// DFA and determinization size limits. /// /// The default is no limit. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows a DFA that fails to build because of a /// configured size limit on the amount of heap space used by /// determinization. This particular example complements the example for /// [`Config::dfa_size_limit`] by demonstrating that not only does Unicode /// potentially make DFAs themselves big, but it also results in more /// auxiliary storage during determinization. (Although, auxiliary storage /// is still not as much as the DFA itself.) /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// # if !cfg!(target_pointer_width = "64") { return Ok(()); } // see #1039 /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{dense, Automaton}, Input}; /// /// // 600KB isn't enough! /// dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .determinize_size_limit(Some(600_000)) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}") /// .unwrap_err(); /// /// // ... but 700KB probably is! /// // (Note that auxiliary storage sizes aren't necessarily stable between /// // releases.) /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .determinize_size_limit(Some(700_000)) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}")?; /// let haystack = "A".repeat(20).into_bytes(); /// assert!(dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(&haystack))?.is_some()); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// Note that some parts of the configuration on a DFA can have a /// big impact on how big the DFA is, and thus, how much memory is /// used. For example, the default setting for [`Config::start_kind`] is /// [`StartKind::Both`]. But if you only need an anchored search, for /// example, then it can be much cheaper to build a DFA that only supports /// anchored searches. (Running an unanchored search with it would panic.) /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(miri) { return Ok(()); } // miri takes too long /// # if !cfg!(target_pointer_width = "64") { return Ok(()); } // see #1039 /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{dense, Automaton, StartKind}, /// Anchored, Input, /// }; /// /// // 200KB isn't enough! /// dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .determinize_size_limit(Some(200_000)) /// .start_kind(StartKind::Anchored) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}") /// .unwrap_err(); /// /// // ... but 300KB probably is! /// // (Note that auxiliary storage sizes aren't necessarily stable between /// // releases.) /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new() /// .determinize_size_limit(Some(300_000)) /// .start_kind(StartKind::Anchored) /// ) /// .build(r"\w{20}")?; /// let haystack = "A".repeat(20).into_bytes(); /// let input = Input::new(&haystack).anchored(Anchored::Yes); /// assert!(dfa.try_search_fwd(&input)?.is_some()); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn determinize_size_limit(mut self, bytes: Option) -> Config { self.determinize_size_limit = Some(bytes); self } /// Returns whether this configuration has enabled simple state /// acceleration. pub fn get_accelerate(&self) -> bool { self.accelerate.unwrap_or(true) } /// Returns the prefilter attached to this configuration, if any. pub fn get_prefilter(&self) -> Option<&Prefilter> { self.pre.as_ref().unwrap_or(&None).as_ref() } /// Returns whether this configuration has enabled the expensive process /// of minimizing a DFA. pub fn get_minimize(&self) -> bool { self.minimize.unwrap_or(false) } /// Returns the match semantics set in this configuration. pub fn get_match_kind(&self) -> MatchKind { self.match_kind.unwrap_or(MatchKind::LeftmostFirst) } /// Returns the starting state configuration for a DFA. pub fn get_starts(&self) -> StartKind { self.start_kind.unwrap_or(StartKind::Both) } /// Returns whether this configuration has enabled anchored starting states /// for every pattern in the DFA. pub fn get_starts_for_each_pattern(&self) -> bool { self.starts_for_each_pattern.unwrap_or(false) } /// Returns whether this configuration has enabled byte classes or not. /// This is typically a debugging oriented option, as disabling it confers /// no speed benefit. pub fn get_byte_classes(&self) -> bool { self.byte_classes.unwrap_or(true) } /// Returns whether this configuration has enabled heuristic Unicode word /// boundary support. When enabled, it is possible for a search to return /// an error. pub fn get_unicode_word_boundary(&self) -> bool { self.unicode_word_boundary.unwrap_or(false) } /// Returns whether this configuration will instruct the DFA to enter a /// quit state whenever the given byte is seen during a search. When at /// least one byte has this enabled, it is possible for a search to return /// an error. pub fn get_quit(&self, byte: u8) -> bool { self.quitset.map_or(false, |q| q.contains(byte)) } /// Returns whether this configuration will instruct the DFA to /// "specialize" start states. When enabled, the DFA will mark start states /// as "special" so that search routines using the DFA can detect when /// it's in a start state and do some kind of optimization (like run a /// prefilter). pub fn get_specialize_start_states(&self) -> bool { self.specialize_start_states.unwrap_or(false) } /// Returns the DFA size limit of this configuration if one was set. /// The size limit is total number of bytes on the heap that a DFA is /// permitted to use. If the DFA exceeds this limit during construction, /// then construction is stopped and an error is returned. pub fn get_dfa_size_limit(&self) -> Option { self.dfa_size_limit.unwrap_or(None) } /// Returns the determinization size limit of this configuration if one /// was set. The size limit is total number of bytes on the heap that /// determinization is permitted to use. If determinization exceeds this /// limit during construction, then construction is stopped and an error is /// returned. /// /// This is different from the DFA size limit in that this only applies to /// the auxiliary storage used during determinization. Once determinization /// is complete, this memory is freed. /// /// The limit on the total heap memory used is the sum of the DFA and /// determinization size limits. pub fn get_determinize_size_limit(&self) -> Option { self.determinize_size_limit.unwrap_or(None) } /// Overwrite the default configuration such that the options in `o` are /// always used. If an option in `o` is not set, then the corresponding /// option in `self` is used. If it's not set in `self` either, then it /// remains not set. pub(crate) fn overwrite(&self, o: Config) -> Config { Config { accelerate: o.accelerate.or(self.accelerate), pre: o.pre.or_else(|| self.pre.clone()), minimize: o.minimize.or(self.minimize), match_kind: o.match_kind.or(self.match_kind), start_kind: o.start_kind.or(self.start_kind), starts_for_each_pattern: o .starts_for_each_pattern .or(self.starts_for_each_pattern), byte_classes: o.byte_classes.or(self.byte_classes), unicode_word_boundary: o .unicode_word_boundary .or(self.unicode_word_boundary), quitset: o.quitset.or(self.quitset), specialize_start_states: o .specialize_start_states .or(self.specialize_start_states), dfa_size_limit: o.dfa_size_limit.or(self.dfa_size_limit), determinize_size_limit: o .determinize_size_limit .or(self.determinize_size_limit), } } } /// A builder for constructing a deterministic finite automaton from regular /// expressions. /// /// This builder provides two main things: /// /// 1. It provides a few different `build` routines for actually constructing /// a DFA from different kinds of inputs. The most convenient is /// [`Builder::build`], which builds a DFA directly from a pattern string. The /// most flexible is [`Builder::build_from_nfa`], which builds a DFA straight /// from an NFA. /// 2. The builder permits configuring a number of things. /// [`Builder::configure`] is used with [`Config`] to configure aspects of /// the DFA and the construction process itself. [`Builder::syntax`] and /// [`Builder::thompson`] permit configuring the regex parser and Thompson NFA /// construction, respectively. The syntax and thompson configurations only /// apply when building from a pattern string. /// /// This builder always constructs a *single* DFA. As such, this builder /// can only be used to construct regexes that either detect the presence /// of a match or find the end location of a match. A single DFA cannot /// produce both the start and end of a match. For that information, use a /// [`Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex), which can be similarly configured /// using [`regex::Builder`](crate::dfa::regex::Builder). The main reason to /// use a DFA directly is if the end location of a match is enough for your use /// case. Namely, a `Regex` will construct two DFAs instead of one, since a /// second reverse DFA is needed to find the start of a match. /// /// Note that if one wants to build a sparse DFA, you must first build a dense /// DFA and convert that to a sparse DFA. There is no way to build a sparse /// DFA without first building a dense DFA. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to build a minimized DFA that completely disables /// Unicode. That is: /// /// * Things such as `\w`, `.` and `\b` are no longer Unicode-aware. `\w` /// and `\b` are ASCII-only while `.` matches any byte except for `\n` /// (instead of any UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode scalar value except for /// `\n`). Things that are Unicode only, such as `\pL`, are not allowed. /// * The pattern itself is permitted to match invalid UTF-8. For example, /// things like `[^a]` that match any byte except for `a` are permitted. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{Automaton, dense}, /// util::syntax, /// HalfMatch, Input, /// }; /// /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new() /// .configure(dense::Config::new().minimize(false)) /// .syntax(syntax::Config::new().unicode(false).utf8(false)) /// .build(r"foo[^b]ar.*")?; /// /// let haystack = b"\xFEfoo\xFFar\xE2\x98\xFF\n"; /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 10)); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack))?; /// assert_eq!(expected, got); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pub struct Builder { config: Config, #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] thompson: thompson::Compiler, } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl Builder { /// Create a new dense DFA builder with the default configuration. pub fn new() -> Builder { Builder { config: Config::default(), #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] thompson: thompson::Compiler::new(), } } /// Build a DFA from the given pattern. /// /// If there was a problem parsing or compiling the pattern, then an error /// is returned. #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn build(&self, pattern: &str) -> Result { self.build_many(&[pattern]) } /// Build a DFA from the given patterns. /// /// When matches are returned, the pattern ID corresponds to the index of /// the pattern in the slice given. #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn build_many>( &self, patterns: &[P], ) -> Result { let nfa = self .thompson .clone() // We can always forcefully disable captures because DFAs do not // support them. .configure( thompson::Config::new() .which_captures(thompson::WhichCaptures::None), ) .build_many(patterns) .map_err(BuildError::nfa)?; self.build_from_nfa(&nfa) } /// Build a DFA from the given NFA. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to build a DFA if you already have an NFA in /// hand. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{Automaton, dense}, /// nfa::thompson::NFA, /// HalfMatch, Input, /// }; /// /// let haystack = "foo123bar".as_bytes(); /// /// // This shows how to set non-default options for building an NFA. /// let nfa = NFA::compiler() /// .configure(NFA::config().shrink(true)) /// .build(r"[0-9]+")?; /// let dfa = dense::Builder::new().build_from_nfa(&nfa)?; /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 6)); /// let got = dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(haystack))?; /// assert_eq!(expected, got); /// /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn build_from_nfa( &self, nfa: &thompson::NFA, ) -> Result { let mut quitset = self.config.quitset.unwrap_or(ByteSet::empty()); if self.config.get_unicode_word_boundary() && nfa.look_set_any().contains_word_unicode() { for b in 0x80..=0xFF { quitset.add(b); } } let classes = if !self.config.get_byte_classes() { // DFAs will always use the equivalence class map, but enabling // this option is useful for debugging. Namely, this will cause all // transitions to be defined over their actual bytes instead of an // opaque equivalence class identifier. The former is much easier // to grok as a human. ByteClasses::singletons() } else { let mut set = nfa.byte_class_set().clone(); // It is important to distinguish any "quit" bytes from all other // bytes. Otherwise, a non-quit byte may end up in the same class // as a quit byte, and thus cause the DFA stop when it shouldn't. // // Test case: // // regex-cli find hybrid regex -w @conn.json.1000x.log \ // '^#' '\b10\.55\.182\.100\b' if !quitset.is_empty() { set.add_set(&quitset); } set.byte_classes() }; let mut dfa = DFA::initial( classes, nfa.pattern_len(), self.config.get_starts(), nfa.look_matcher(), self.config.get_starts_for_each_pattern(), self.config.get_prefilter().map(|p| p.clone()), quitset, Flags::from_nfa(&nfa), )?; determinize::Config::new() .match_kind(self.config.get_match_kind()) .quit(quitset) .dfa_size_limit(self.config.get_dfa_size_limit()) .determinize_size_limit(self.config.get_determinize_size_limit()) .run(nfa, &mut dfa)?; if self.config.get_minimize() { dfa.minimize(); } if self.config.get_accelerate() { dfa.accelerate(); } // The state shuffling done before this point always assumes that start // states should be marked as "special," even though it isn't the // default configuration. State shuffling is complex enough as it is, // so it's simpler to just "fix" our special state ID ranges to not // include starting states after-the-fact. if !self.config.get_specialize_start_states() { dfa.special.set_no_special_start_states(); } // Look for and set the universal starting states. dfa.set_universal_starts(); Ok(dfa) } /// Apply the given dense DFA configuration options to this builder. pub fn configure(&mut self, config: Config) -> &mut Builder { self.config = self.config.overwrite(config); self } /// Set the syntax configuration for this builder using /// [`syntax::Config`](crate::util::syntax::Config). /// /// This permits setting things like case insensitivity, Unicode and multi /// line mode. /// /// These settings only apply when constructing a DFA directly from a /// pattern. #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn syntax( &mut self, config: crate::util::syntax::Config, ) -> &mut Builder { self.thompson.syntax(config); self } /// Set the Thompson NFA configuration for this builder using /// [`nfa::thompson::Config`](crate::nfa::thompson::Config). /// /// This permits setting things like whether the DFA should match the regex /// in reverse or if additional time should be spent shrinking the size of /// the NFA. /// /// These settings only apply when constructing a DFA directly from a /// pattern. #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn thompson(&mut self, config: thompson::Config) -> &mut Builder { self.thompson.configure(config); self } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl Default for Builder { fn default() -> Builder { Builder::new() } } /// A convenience alias for an owned DFA. We use this particular instantiation /// a lot in this crate, so it's worth giving it a name. This instantiation /// is commonly used for mutable APIs on the DFA while building it. The main /// reason for making DFAs generic is no_std support, and more generally, /// making it possible to load a DFA from an arbitrary slice of bytes. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pub(crate) type OwnedDFA = DFA>; /// A dense table-based deterministic finite automaton (DFA). /// /// All dense DFAs have one or more start states, zero or more match states /// and a transition table that maps the current state and the current byte /// of input to the next state. A DFA can use this information to implement /// fast searching. In particular, the use of a dense DFA generally makes the /// trade off that match speed is the most valuable characteristic, even if /// building the DFA may take significant time *and* space. (More concretely, /// building a DFA takes time and space that is exponential in the size of the /// pattern in the worst case.) As such, the processing of every byte of input /// is done with a small constant number of operations that does not vary with /// the pattern, its size or the size of the alphabet. If your needs don't line /// up with this trade off, then a dense DFA may not be an adequate solution to /// your problem. /// /// In contrast, a [`sparse::DFA`] makes the opposite /// trade off: it uses less space but will execute a variable number of /// instructions per byte at match time, which makes it slower for matching. /// (Note that space usage is still exponential in the size of the pattern in /// the worst case.) /// /// A DFA can be built using the default configuration via the /// [`DFA::new`] constructor. Otherwise, one can /// configure various aspects via [`dense::Builder`](Builder). /// /// A single DFA fundamentally supports the following operations: /// /// 1. Detection of a match. /// 2. Location of the end of a match. /// 3. In the case of a DFA with multiple patterns, which pattern matched is /// reported as well. /// /// A notable absence from the above list of capabilities is the location of /// the *start* of a match. In order to provide both the start and end of /// a match, *two* DFAs are required. This functionality is provided by a /// [`Regex`](crate::dfa::regex::Regex). /// /// # Type parameters /// /// A `DFA` has one type parameter, `T`, which is used to represent state IDs, /// pattern IDs and accelerators. `T` is typically a `Vec` or a `&[u32]`. /// /// # The `Automaton` trait /// /// This type implements the [`Automaton`] trait, which means it can be used /// for searching. For example: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// let expected = HalfMatch::must(0, 8); /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[derive(Clone)] pub struct DFA { /// The transition table for this DFA. This includes the transitions /// themselves, along with the stride, number of states and the equivalence /// class mapping. tt: TransitionTable, /// The set of starting state identifiers for this DFA. The starting state /// IDs act as pointers into the transition table. The specific starting /// state chosen for each search is dependent on the context at which the /// search begins. st: StartTable, /// The set of match states and the patterns that match for each /// corresponding match state. /// /// This structure is technically only needed because of support for /// multi-regexes. Namely, multi-regexes require answering not just whether /// a match exists, but _which_ patterns match. So we need to store the /// matching pattern IDs for each match state. We do this even when there /// is only one pattern for the sake of simplicity. In practice, this uses /// up very little space for the case of one pattern. ms: MatchStates, /// Information about which states are "special." Special states are states /// that are dead, quit, matching, starting or accelerated. For more info, /// see the docs for `Special`. special: Special, /// The accelerators for this DFA. /// /// If a state is accelerated, then there exist only a small number of /// bytes that can cause the DFA to leave the state. This permits searching /// to use optimized routines to find those specific bytes instead of using /// the transition table. /// /// All accelerated states exist in a contiguous range in the DFA's /// transition table. See dfa/special.rs for more details on how states are /// arranged. accels: Accels, /// Any prefilter attached to this DFA. /// /// Note that currently prefilters are not serialized. When deserializing /// a DFA from bytes, this is always set to `None`. pre: Option, /// The set of "quit" bytes for this DFA. /// /// This is only used when computing the start state for a particular /// position in a haystack. Namely, in the case where there is a quit /// byte immediately before the start of the search, this set needs to be /// explicitly consulted. In all other cases, quit bytes are detected by /// the DFA itself, by transitioning all quit bytes to a special "quit /// state." quitset: ByteSet, /// Various flags describing the behavior of this DFA. flags: Flags, } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl OwnedDFA { /// Parse the given regular expression using a default configuration and /// return the corresponding DFA. /// /// If you want a non-default configuration, then use the /// [`dense::Builder`](Builder) to set your own configuration. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let dfa = dense::DFA::new("foo[0-9]+bar")?; /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 11)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345bar"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn new(pattern: &str) -> Result { Builder::new().build(pattern) } /// Parse the given regular expressions using a default configuration and /// return the corresponding multi-DFA. /// /// If you want a non-default configuration, then use the /// [`dense::Builder`](Builder) to set your own configuration. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let dfa = dense::DFA::new_many(&["[0-9]+", "[a-z]+"])?; /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(1, 3)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345bar"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "syntax")] pub fn new_many>( patterns: &[P], ) -> Result { Builder::new().build_many(patterns) } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl OwnedDFA { /// Create a new DFA that matches every input. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let dfa = dense::DFA::always_match()?; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 0)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(""))?); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn always_match() -> Result { let nfa = thompson::NFA::always_match(); Builder::new().build_from_nfa(&nfa) } /// Create a new DFA that never matches any input. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, Input}; /// /// let dfa = dense::DFA::never_match()?; /// assert_eq!(None, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new(""))?); /// assert_eq!(None, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn never_match() -> Result { let nfa = thompson::NFA::never_match(); Builder::new().build_from_nfa(&nfa) } /// Create an initial DFA with the given equivalence classes, pattern /// length and whether anchored starting states are enabled for each /// pattern. An initial DFA can be further mutated via determinization. fn initial( classes: ByteClasses, pattern_len: usize, starts: StartKind, lookm: &LookMatcher, starts_for_each_pattern: bool, pre: Option, quitset: ByteSet, flags: Flags, ) -> Result { let start_pattern_len = if starts_for_each_pattern { Some(pattern_len) } else { None }; Ok(DFA { tt: TransitionTable::minimal(classes), st: StartTable::dead(starts, lookm, start_pattern_len)?, ms: MatchStates::empty(pattern_len), special: Special::new(), accels: Accels::empty(), pre, quitset, flags, }) } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl DFA<&[u32]> { /// Return a new default dense DFA compiler configuration. /// /// This is a convenience routine to avoid needing to import the [`Config`] /// type when customizing the construction of a dense DFA. pub fn config() -> Config { Config::new() } /// Create a new dense DFA builder with the default configuration. /// /// This is a convenience routine to avoid needing to import the /// [`Builder`] type in common cases. pub fn builder() -> Builder { Builder::new() } } impl> DFA { /// Cheaply return a borrowed version of this dense DFA. Specifically, /// the DFA returned always uses `&[u32]` for its transition table. pub fn as_ref(&self) -> DFA<&'_ [u32]> { DFA { tt: self.tt.as_ref(), st: self.st.as_ref(), ms: self.ms.as_ref(), special: self.special, accels: self.accels(), pre: self.pre.clone(), quitset: self.quitset, flags: self.flags, } } /// Return an owned version of this sparse DFA. Specifically, the DFA /// returned always uses `Vec` for its transition table. /// /// Effectively, this returns a dense DFA whose transition table lives on /// the heap. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pub fn to_owned(&self) -> OwnedDFA { DFA { tt: self.tt.to_owned(), st: self.st.to_owned(), ms: self.ms.to_owned(), special: self.special, accels: self.accels().to_owned(), pre: self.pre.clone(), quitset: self.quitset, flags: self.flags, } } /// Returns the starting state configuration for this DFA. /// /// The default is [`StartKind::Both`], which means the DFA supports both /// unanchored and anchored searches. However, this can generally lead to /// bigger DFAs. Therefore, a DFA might be compiled with support for just /// unanchored or anchored searches. In that case, running a search with /// an unsupported configuration will panic. pub fn start_kind(&self) -> StartKind { self.st.kind } /// Returns the start byte map used for computing the `Start` configuration /// at the beginning of a search. pub(crate) fn start_map(&self) -> &StartByteMap { &self.st.start_map } /// Returns true only if this DFA has starting states for each pattern. /// /// When a DFA has starting states for each pattern, then a search with the /// DFA can be configured to only look for anchored matches of a specific /// pattern. Specifically, APIs like [`Automaton::try_search_fwd`] can /// accept a non-None `pattern_id` if and only if this method returns true. /// Otherwise, calling `try_search_fwd` will panic. /// /// Note that if the DFA has no patterns, this always returns false. pub fn starts_for_each_pattern(&self) -> bool { self.st.pattern_len.is_some() } /// Returns the equivalence classes that make up the alphabet for this DFA. /// /// Unless [`Config::byte_classes`] was disabled, it is possible that /// multiple distinct bytes are grouped into the same equivalence class /// if it is impossible for them to discriminate between a match and a /// non-match. This has the effect of reducing the overall alphabet size /// and in turn potentially substantially reducing the size of the DFA's /// transition table. /// /// The downside of using equivalence classes like this is that every state /// transition will automatically use this map to convert an arbitrary /// byte to its corresponding equivalence class. In practice this has a /// negligible impact on performance. pub fn byte_classes(&self) -> &ByteClasses { &self.tt.classes } /// Returns the total number of elements in the alphabet for this DFA. /// /// That is, this returns the total number of transitions that each state /// in this DFA must have. Typically, a normal byte oriented DFA would /// always have an alphabet size of 256, corresponding to the number of /// unique values in a single byte. However, this implementation has two /// peculiarities that impact the alphabet length: /// /// * Every state has a special "EOI" transition that is only followed /// after the end of some haystack is reached. This EOI transition is /// necessary to account for one byte of look-ahead when implementing /// things like `\b` and `$`. /// * Bytes are grouped into equivalence classes such that no two bytes in /// the same class can distinguish a match from a non-match. For example, /// in the regex `^[a-z]+$`, the ASCII bytes `a-z` could all be in the /// same equivalence class. This leads to a massive space savings. /// /// Note though that the alphabet length does _not_ necessarily equal the /// total stride space taken up by a single DFA state in the transition /// table. Namely, for performance reasons, the stride is always the /// smallest power of two that is greater than or equal to the alphabet /// length. For this reason, [`DFA::stride`] or [`DFA::stride2`] are /// often more useful. The alphabet length is typically useful only for /// informational purposes. pub fn alphabet_len(&self) -> usize { self.tt.alphabet_len() } /// Returns the total stride for every state in this DFA, expressed as the /// exponent of a power of 2. The stride is the amount of space each state /// takes up in the transition table, expressed as a number of transitions. /// (Unused transitions map to dead states.) /// /// The stride of a DFA is always equivalent to the smallest power of 2 /// that is greater than or equal to the DFA's alphabet length. This /// definition uses extra space, but permits faster translation between /// premultiplied state identifiers and contiguous indices (by using shifts /// instead of relying on integer division). /// /// For example, if the DFA's stride is 16 transitions, then its `stride2` /// is `4` since `2^4 = 16`. /// /// The minimum `stride2` value is `1` (corresponding to a stride of `2`) /// while the maximum `stride2` value is `9` (corresponding to a stride of /// `512`). The maximum is not `8` since the maximum alphabet size is `257` /// when accounting for the special EOI transition. However, an alphabet /// length of that size is exceptionally rare since the alphabet is shrunk /// into equivalence classes. pub fn stride2(&self) -> usize { self.tt.stride2 } /// Returns the total stride for every state in this DFA. This corresponds /// to the total number of transitions used by each state in this DFA's /// transition table. /// /// Please see [`DFA::stride2`] for more information. In particular, this /// returns the stride as the number of transitions, where as `stride2` /// returns it as the exponent of a power of 2. pub fn stride(&self) -> usize { self.tt.stride() } /// Returns the memory usage, in bytes, of this DFA. /// /// The memory usage is computed based on the number of bytes used to /// represent this DFA. /// /// This does **not** include the stack size used up by this DFA. To /// compute that, use `std::mem::size_of::()`. pub fn memory_usage(&self) -> usize { self.tt.memory_usage() + self.st.memory_usage() + self.ms.memory_usage() + self.accels.memory_usage() } } /// Routines for converting a dense DFA to other representations, such as /// sparse DFAs or raw bytes suitable for persistent storage. impl> DFA { /// Convert this dense DFA to a sparse DFA. /// /// If a `StateID` is too small to represent all states in the sparse /// DFA, then this returns an error. In most cases, if a dense DFA is /// constructable with `StateID` then a sparse DFA will be as well. /// However, it is not guaranteed. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let dense = dense::DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// let sparse = dense.to_sparse()?; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, sparse.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub fn to_sparse(&self) -> Result>, BuildError> { sparse::DFA::from_dense(self) } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to a `Vec` in little endian /// format. Upon success, the `Vec` and the initial padding length are /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// The padding returned is non-zero if the returned `Vec` starts at /// an address that does not have the same alignment as `u32`. The padding /// corresponds to the number of leading bytes written to the returned /// `Vec`. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// // N.B. We use native endianness here to make the example work, but /// // using to_bytes_little_endian would work on a little endian target. /// let (buf, _) = original_dfa.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// // Even if buf has initial padding, DFA::from_bytes will automatically /// // ignore it. /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf)?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub fn to_bytes_little_endian(&self) -> (Vec, usize) { self.to_bytes::() } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to a `Vec` in big endian /// format. Upon success, the `Vec` and the initial padding length are /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// The padding returned is non-zero if the returned `Vec` starts at /// an address that does not have the same alignment as `u32`. The padding /// corresponds to the number of leading bytes written to the returned /// `Vec`. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// // N.B. We use native endianness here to make the example work, but /// // using to_bytes_big_endian would work on a big endian target. /// let (buf, _) = original_dfa.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// // Even if buf has initial padding, DFA::from_bytes will automatically /// // ignore it. /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf)?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub fn to_bytes_big_endian(&self) -> (Vec, usize) { self.to_bytes::() } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to a `Vec` in native endian /// format. Upon success, the `Vec` and the initial padding length are /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// The padding returned is non-zero if the returned `Vec` starts at /// an address that does not have the same alignment as `u32`. The padding /// corresponds to the number of leading bytes written to the returned /// `Vec`. /// /// Generally speaking, native endian format should only be used when /// you know that the target you're compiling the DFA for matches the /// endianness of the target on which you're compiling DFA. For example, /// if serialization and deserialization happen in the same process or on /// the same machine. Otherwise, when serializing a DFA for use in a /// portable environment, you'll almost certainly want to serialize _both_ /// a little endian and a big endian version and then load the correct one /// based on the target's configuration. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// let (buf, _) = original_dfa.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// // Even if buf has initial padding, DFA::from_bytes will automatically /// // ignore it. /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf)?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub fn to_bytes_native_endian(&self) -> (Vec, usize) { self.to_bytes::() } /// The implementation of the public `to_bytes` serialization methods, /// which is generic over endianness. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn to_bytes(&self) -> (Vec, usize) { let len = self.write_to_len(); let (mut buf, padding) = wire::alloc_aligned_buffer::(len); // This should always succeed since the only possible serialization // error is providing a buffer that's too small, but we've ensured that // `buf` is big enough here. self.as_ref().write_to::(&mut buf[padding..]).unwrap(); (buf, padding) } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to the given slice, in little endian /// format. Upon success, the total number of bytes written to `dst` is /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// Note that unlike the various `to_byte_*` routines, this does not write /// any padding. Callers are responsible for handling alignment correctly. /// /// # Errors /// /// This returns an error if the given destination slice is not big enough /// to contain the full serialized DFA. If an error occurs, then nothing /// is written to `dst`. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA without /// dynamic memory allocation. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// // Create a 4KB buffer on the stack to store our serialized DFA. We /// // need to use a special type to force the alignment of our [u8; N] /// // array to be aligned to a 4 byte boundary. Otherwise, deserializing /// // the DFA may fail because of an alignment mismatch. /// #[repr(C)] /// struct Aligned { /// _align: [u32; 0], /// bytes: B, /// } /// let mut buf = Aligned { _align: [], bytes: [0u8; 4 * (1<<10)] }; /// // N.B. We use native endianness here to make the example work, but /// // using write_to_little_endian would work on a little endian target. /// let written = original_dfa.write_to_native_endian(&mut buf.bytes)?; /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf.bytes[..written])?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn write_to_little_endian( &self, dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { self.as_ref().write_to::(dst) } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to the given slice, in big endian /// format. Upon success, the total number of bytes written to `dst` is /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// Note that unlike the various `to_byte_*` routines, this does not write /// any padding. Callers are responsible for handling alignment correctly. /// /// # Errors /// /// This returns an error if the given destination slice is not big enough /// to contain the full serialized DFA. If an error occurs, then nothing /// is written to `dst`. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA without /// dynamic memory allocation. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// // Create a 4KB buffer on the stack to store our serialized DFA. We /// // need to use a special type to force the alignment of our [u8; N] /// // array to be aligned to a 4 byte boundary. Otherwise, deserializing /// // the DFA may fail because of an alignment mismatch. /// #[repr(C)] /// struct Aligned { /// _align: [u32; 0], /// bytes: B, /// } /// let mut buf = Aligned { _align: [], bytes: [0u8; 4 * (1<<10)] }; /// // N.B. We use native endianness here to make the example work, but /// // using write_to_big_endian would work on a big endian target. /// let written = original_dfa.write_to_native_endian(&mut buf.bytes)?; /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf.bytes[..written])?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn write_to_big_endian( &self, dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { self.as_ref().write_to::(dst) } /// Serialize this DFA as raw bytes to the given slice, in native endian /// format. Upon success, the total number of bytes written to `dst` is /// returned. /// /// The written bytes are guaranteed to be deserialized correctly and /// without errors in a semver compatible release of this crate by a /// `DFA`'s deserialization APIs (assuming all other criteria for the /// deserialization APIs has been satisfied): /// /// * [`DFA::from_bytes`] /// * [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] /// /// Generally speaking, native endian format should only be used when /// you know that the target you're compiling the DFA for matches the /// endianness of the target on which you're compiling DFA. For example, /// if serialization and deserialization happen in the same process or on /// the same machine. Otherwise, when serializing a DFA for use in a /// portable environment, you'll almost certainly want to serialize _both_ /// a little endian and a big endian version and then load the correct one /// based on the target's configuration. /// /// Note that unlike the various `to_byte_*` routines, this does not write /// any padding. Callers are responsible for handling alignment correctly. /// /// # Errors /// /// This returns an error if the given destination slice is not big enough /// to contain the full serialized DFA. If an error occurs, then nothing /// is written to `dst`. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize and deserialize a DFA without /// dynamic memory allocation. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// // Compile our original DFA. /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// // Create a 4KB buffer on the stack to store our serialized DFA. We /// // need to use a special type to force the alignment of our [u8; N] /// // array to be aligned to a 4 byte boundary. Otherwise, deserializing /// // the DFA may fail because of an alignment mismatch. /// #[repr(C)] /// struct Aligned { /// _align: [u32; 0], /// bytes: B, /// } /// let mut buf = Aligned { _align: [], bytes: [0u8; 4 * (1<<10)] }; /// let written = original_dfa.write_to_native_endian(&mut buf.bytes)?; /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf.bytes[..written])?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub fn write_to_native_endian( &self, dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { self.as_ref().write_to::(dst) } /// Return the total number of bytes required to serialize this DFA. /// /// This is useful for determining the size of the buffer required to pass /// to one of the serialization routines: /// /// * [`DFA::write_to_little_endian`] /// * [`DFA::write_to_big_endian`] /// * [`DFA::write_to_native_endian`] /// /// Passing a buffer smaller than the size returned by this method will /// result in a serialization error. Serialization routines are guaranteed /// to succeed when the buffer is big enough. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to dynamically allocate enough room to serialize /// a DFA. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let original_dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// let mut buf = vec![0; original_dfa.write_to_len()]; /// // This is guaranteed to succeed, because the only serialization error /// // that can occur is when the provided buffer is too small. But /// // write_to_len guarantees a correct size. /// let written = original_dfa.write_to_native_endian(&mut buf).unwrap(); /// // But this is not guaranteed to succeed! In particular, /// // deserialization requires proper alignment for &[u32], but our buffer /// // was allocated as a &[u8] whose required alignment is smaller than /// // &[u32]. However, it's likely to work in practice because of how most /// // allocators work. So if you write code like this, make sure to either /// // handle the error correctly and/or run it under Miri since Miri will /// // likely provoke the error by returning Vec buffers with alignment /// // less than &[u32]. /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = match DFA::from_bytes(&buf[..written]) { /// // As mentioned above, it is legal for an error to be returned /// // here. It is quite difficult to get a Vec with a guaranteed /// // alignment equivalent to Vec. /// Err(_) => return Ok(()), /// Ok((dfa, _)) => dfa, /// }; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// Note that this example isn't actually guaranteed to work! In /// particular, if `buf` is not aligned to a 4-byte boundary, then the /// `DFA::from_bytes` call will fail. If you need this to work, then you /// either need to deal with adding some initial padding yourself, or use /// one of the `to_bytes` methods, which will do it for you. pub fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize { wire::write_label_len(LABEL) + wire::write_endianness_check_len() + wire::write_version_len() + size_of::() // unused, intended for future flexibility + self.flags.write_to_len() + self.tt.write_to_len() + self.st.write_to_len() + self.ms.write_to_len() + self.special.write_to_len() + self.accels.write_to_len() + self.quitset.write_to_len() } } impl<'a> DFA<&'a [u32]> { /// Safely deserialize a DFA with a specific state identifier /// representation. Upon success, this returns both the deserialized DFA /// and the number of bytes read from the given slice. Namely, the contents /// of the slice beyond the DFA are not read. /// /// Deserializing a DFA using this routine will never allocate heap memory. /// For safety purposes, the DFA's transition table will be verified such /// that every transition points to a valid state. If this verification is /// too costly, then a [`DFA::from_bytes_unchecked`] API is provided, which /// will always execute in constant time. /// /// The bytes given must be generated by one of the serialization APIs /// of a `DFA` using a semver compatible release of this crate. Those /// include: /// /// * [`DFA::to_bytes_little_endian`] /// * [`DFA::to_bytes_big_endian`] /// * [`DFA::to_bytes_native_endian`] /// * [`DFA::write_to_little_endian`] /// * [`DFA::write_to_big_endian`] /// * [`DFA::write_to_native_endian`] /// /// The `to_bytes` methods allocate and return a `Vec` for you, along /// with handling alignment correctly. The `write_to` methods do not /// allocate and write to an existing slice (which may be on the stack). /// Since deserialization always uses the native endianness of the target /// platform, the serialization API you use should match the endianness of /// the target platform. (It's often a good idea to generate serialized /// DFAs for both forms of endianness and then load the correct one based /// on endianness.) /// /// # Errors /// /// Generally speaking, it's easier to state the conditions in which an /// error is _not_ returned. All of the following must be true: /// /// * The bytes given must be produced by one of the serialization APIs /// on this DFA, as mentioned above. /// * The endianness of the target platform matches the endianness used to /// serialized the provided DFA. /// * The slice given must have the same alignment as `u32`. /// /// If any of the above are not true, then an error will be returned. /// /// # Panics /// /// This routine will never panic for any input. /// /// # Example /// /// This example shows how to serialize a DFA to raw bytes, deserialize it /// and then use it for searching. /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let initial = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// let (bytes, _) = initial.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&bytes)?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// # Example: dealing with alignment and padding /// /// In the above example, we used the `to_bytes_native_endian` method to /// serialize a DFA, but we ignored part of its return value corresponding /// to padding added to the beginning of the serialized DFA. This is OK /// because deserialization will skip this initial padding. What matters /// is that the address immediately following the padding has an alignment /// that matches `u32`. That is, the following is an equivalent but /// alternative way to write the above example: /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let initial = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// // Serialization returns the number of leading padding bytes added to /// // the returned Vec. /// let (bytes, pad) = initial.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&bytes[pad..])?.0; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// This padding is necessary because Rust's standard library does /// not expose any safe and robust way of creating a `Vec` with a /// guaranteed alignment other than 1. Now, in practice, the underlying /// allocator is likely to provide a `Vec` that meets our alignment /// requirements, which means `pad` is zero in practice most of the time. /// /// The purpose of exposing the padding like this is flexibility for the /// caller. For example, if one wants to embed a serialized DFA into a /// compiled program, then it's important to guarantee that it starts at a /// `u32`-aligned address. The simplest way to do this is to discard the /// padding bytes and set it up so that the serialized DFA itself begins at /// a properly aligned address. We can show this in two parts. The first /// part is serializing the DFA to a file: /// /// ```no_run /// use regex_automata::dfa::dense::DFA; /// /// let dfa = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// /// let (bytes, pad) = dfa.to_bytes_big_endian(); /// // Write the contents of the DFA *without* the initial padding. /// std::fs::write("foo.bigendian.dfa", &bytes[pad..])?; /// /// // Do it again, but this time for little endian. /// let (bytes, pad) = dfa.to_bytes_little_endian(); /// std::fs::write("foo.littleendian.dfa", &bytes[pad..])?; /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` /// /// And now the second part is embedding the DFA into the compiled program /// and deserializing it at runtime on first use. We use conditional /// compilation to choose the correct endianness. /// /// ```no_run /// use regex_automata::{ /// dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, /// util::{lazy::Lazy, wire::AlignAs}, /// HalfMatch, Input, /// }; /// /// // This crate provides its own "lazy" type, kind of like /// // lazy_static! or once_cell::sync::Lazy. But it works in no-alloc /// // no-std environments and let's us write this using completely /// // safe code. /// static RE: Lazy> = Lazy::new(|| { /// # const _: &str = stringify! { /// // This assignment is made possible (implicitly) via the /// // CoerceUnsized trait. This is what guarantees that our /// // bytes are stored in memory on a 4 byte boundary. You /// // *must* do this or something equivalent for correct /// // deserialization. /// static ALIGNED: &AlignAs<[u8], u32> = &AlignAs { /// _align: [], /// #[cfg(target_endian = "big")] /// bytes: *include_bytes!("foo.bigendian.dfa"), /// #[cfg(target_endian = "little")] /// bytes: *include_bytes!("foo.littleendian.dfa"), /// }; /// # }; /// # static ALIGNED: &AlignAs<[u8], u32> = &AlignAs { /// # _align: [], /// # bytes: [], /// # }; /// /// let (dfa, _) = DFA::from_bytes(&ALIGNED.bytes) /// .expect("serialized DFA should be valid"); /// dfa /// }); /// /// let expected = Ok(Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8))); /// assert_eq!(expected, RE.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))); /// ``` /// /// An alternative to [`util::lazy::Lazy`](crate::util::lazy::Lazy) /// is [`lazy_static`](https://crates.io/crates/lazy_static) or /// [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell), which provide /// stronger guarantees (like the initialization function only being /// executed once). And `once_cell` in particular provides a more /// expressive API. But a `Lazy` value from this crate is likely just fine /// in most circumstances. /// /// Note that regardless of which initialization method you use, you /// will still need to use the [`AlignAs`](crate::util::wire::AlignAs) /// trick above to force correct alignment, but this is safe to do and /// `from_bytes` will return an error if you get it wrong. pub fn from_bytes( slice: &'a [u8], ) -> Result<(DFA<&'a [u32]>, usize), DeserializeError> { // SAFETY: This is safe because we validate the transition table, start // table, match states and accelerators below. If any validation fails, // then we return an error. let (dfa, nread) = unsafe { DFA::from_bytes_unchecked(slice)? }; dfa.tt.validate(&dfa.special)?; dfa.st.validate(&dfa.tt)?; dfa.ms.validate(&dfa)?; dfa.accels.validate()?; // N.B. dfa.special doesn't have a way to do unchecked deserialization, // so it has already been validated. Ok((dfa, nread)) } /// Deserialize a DFA with a specific state identifier representation in /// constant time by omitting the verification of the validity of the /// transition table and other data inside the DFA. /// /// This is just like [`DFA::from_bytes`], except it can potentially return /// a DFA that exhibits undefined behavior if its transition table contains /// invalid state identifiers. /// /// This routine is useful if you need to deserialize a DFA cheaply /// and cannot afford the transition table validation performed by /// `from_bytes`. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use regex_automata::{dfa::{Automaton, dense::DFA}, HalfMatch, Input}; /// /// let initial = DFA::new("foo[0-9]+")?; /// let (bytes, _) = initial.to_bytes_native_endian(); /// // SAFETY: This is guaranteed to be safe since the bytes given come /// // directly from a compatible serialization routine. /// let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = unsafe { DFA::from_bytes_unchecked(&bytes)?.0 }; /// /// let expected = Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 8)); /// assert_eq!(expected, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345"))?); /// # Ok::<(), Box>(()) /// ``` pub unsafe fn from_bytes_unchecked( slice: &'a [u8], ) -> Result<(DFA<&'a [u32]>, usize), DeserializeError> { let mut nr = 0; nr += wire::skip_initial_padding(slice); wire::check_alignment::(&slice[nr..])?; nr += wire::read_label(&slice[nr..], LABEL)?; nr += wire::read_endianness_check(&slice[nr..])?; nr += wire::read_version(&slice[nr..], VERSION)?; let _unused = wire::try_read_u32(&slice[nr..], "unused space")?; nr += size_of::(); let (flags, nread) = Flags::from_bytes(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; let (tt, nread) = TransitionTable::from_bytes_unchecked(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; let (st, nread) = StartTable::from_bytes_unchecked(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; let (ms, nread) = MatchStates::from_bytes_unchecked(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; let (special, nread) = Special::from_bytes(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; special.validate_state_len(tt.len(), tt.stride2)?; let (accels, nread) = Accels::from_bytes_unchecked(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; let (quitset, nread) = ByteSet::from_bytes(&slice[nr..])?; nr += nread; // Prefilters don't support serialization, so they're always absent. let pre = None; Ok((DFA { tt, st, ms, special, accels, pre, quitset, flags }, nr)) } /// The implementation of the public `write_to` serialization methods, /// which is generic over endianness. /// /// This is defined only for &[u32] to reduce binary size/compilation time. fn write_to( &self, mut dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { let nwrite = self.write_to_len(); if dst.len() < nwrite { return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small("dense DFA")); } dst = &mut dst[..nwrite]; let mut nw = 0; nw += wire::write_label(LABEL, &mut dst[nw..])?; nw += wire::write_endianness_check::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += wire::write_version::(VERSION, &mut dst[nw..])?; nw += { // Currently unused, intended for future flexibility E::write_u32(0, &mut dst[nw..]); size_of::() }; nw += self.flags.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.tt.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.st.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.ms.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.special.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.accels.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; nw += self.quitset.write_to::(&mut dst[nw..])?; Ok(nw) } } // The following methods implement mutable routines on the internal // representation of a DFA. As such, we must fix the first type parameter to a // `Vec` since a generic `T: AsRef<[u32]>` does not permit mutation. We // can get away with this because these methods are internal to the crate and // are exclusively used during construction of the DFA. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl OwnedDFA { /// Add a start state of this DFA. pub(crate) fn set_start_state( &mut self, anchored: Anchored, start: Start, id: StateID, ) { assert!(self.tt.is_valid(id), "invalid start state"); self.st.set_start(anchored, start, id); } /// Set the given transition to this DFA. Both the `from` and `to` states /// must already exist. pub(crate) fn set_transition( &mut self, from: StateID, byte: alphabet::Unit, to: StateID, ) { self.tt.set(from, byte, to); } /// An an empty state (a state where all transitions lead to a dead state) /// and return its identifier. The identifier returned is guaranteed to /// not point to any other existing state. /// /// If adding a state would exceed `StateID::LIMIT`, then this returns an /// error. pub(crate) fn add_empty_state(&mut self) -> Result { self.tt.add_empty_state() } /// Swap the two states given in the transition table. /// /// This routine does not do anything to check the correctness of this /// swap. Callers must ensure that other states pointing to id1 and id2 are /// updated appropriately. pub(crate) fn swap_states(&mut self, id1: StateID, id2: StateID) { self.tt.swap(id1, id2); } /// Remap all of the state identifiers in this DFA according to the map /// function given. This includes all transitions and all starting state /// identifiers. pub(crate) fn remap(&mut self, map: impl Fn(StateID) -> StateID) { // We could loop over each state ID and call 'remap_state' here, but // this is more direct: just map every transition directly. This // technically might do a little extra work since the alphabet length // is likely less than the stride, but if that is indeed an issue we // should benchmark it and fix it. for sid in self.tt.table_mut().iter_mut() { *sid = map(*sid); } for sid in self.st.table_mut().iter_mut() { *sid = map(*sid); } } /// Remap the transitions for the state given according to the function /// given. This applies the given map function to every transition in the /// given state and changes the transition in place to the result of the /// map function for that transition. pub(crate) fn remap_state( &mut self, id: StateID, map: impl Fn(StateID) -> StateID, ) { self.tt.remap(id, map); } /// Truncate the states in this DFA to the given length. /// /// This routine does not do anything to check the correctness of this /// truncation. Callers must ensure that other states pointing to truncated /// states are updated appropriately. pub(crate) fn truncate_states(&mut self, len: usize) { self.tt.truncate(len); } /// Minimize this DFA in place using Hopcroft's algorithm. pub(crate) fn minimize(&mut self) { Minimizer::new(self).run(); } /// Updates the match state pattern ID map to use the one provided. /// /// This is useful when it's convenient to manipulate matching states /// (and their corresponding pattern IDs) as a map. In particular, the /// representation used by a DFA for this map is not amenable to mutation, /// so if things need to be changed (like when shuffling states), it's /// often easier to work with the map form. pub(crate) fn set_pattern_map( &mut self, map: &BTreeMap>, ) -> Result<(), BuildError> { self.ms = self.ms.new_with_map(map)?; Ok(()) } /// Find states that have a small number of non-loop transitions and mark /// them as candidates for acceleration during search. pub(crate) fn accelerate(&mut self) { // dead and quit states can never be accelerated. if self.state_len() <= 2 { return; } // Go through every state and record their accelerator, if possible. let mut accels = BTreeMap::new(); // Count the number of accelerated match, start and non-match/start // states. let (mut cmatch, mut cstart, mut cnormal) = (0, 0, 0); for state in self.states() { if let Some(accel) = state.accelerate(self.byte_classes()) { debug!( "accelerating full DFA state {}: {:?}", state.id().as_usize(), accel, ); accels.insert(state.id(), accel); if self.is_match_state(state.id()) { cmatch += 1; } else if self.is_start_state(state.id()) { cstart += 1; } else { assert!(!self.is_dead_state(state.id())); assert!(!self.is_quit_state(state.id())); cnormal += 1; } } } // If no states were able to be accelerated, then we're done. if accels.is_empty() { return; } let original_accels_len = accels.len(); // A remapper keeps track of state ID changes. Once we're done // shuffling, the remapper is used to rewrite all transitions in the // DFA based on the new positions of states. let mut remapper = Remapper::new(self); // As we swap states, if they are match states, we need to swap their // pattern ID lists too (for multi-regexes). We do this by converting // the lists to an easily swappable map, and then convert back to // MatchStates once we're done. let mut new_matches = self.ms.to_map(self); // There is at least one state that gets accelerated, so these are // guaranteed to get set to sensible values below. self.special.min_accel = StateID::MAX; self.special.max_accel = StateID::ZERO; let update_special_accel = |special: &mut Special, accel_id: StateID| { special.min_accel = cmp::min(special.min_accel, accel_id); special.max_accel = cmp::max(special.max_accel, accel_id); }; // Start by shuffling match states. Any match states that are // accelerated get moved to the end of the match state range. if cmatch > 0 && self.special.matches() { // N.B. special.{min,max}_match do not need updating, since the // range/number of match states does not change. Only the ordering // of match states may change. let mut next_id = self.special.max_match; let mut cur_id = next_id; while cur_id >= self.special.min_match { if let Some(accel) = accels.remove(&cur_id) { accels.insert(next_id, accel); update_special_accel(&mut self.special, next_id); // No need to do any actual swapping for equivalent IDs. if cur_id != next_id { remapper.swap(self, cur_id, next_id); // Swap pattern IDs for match states. let cur_pids = new_matches.remove(&cur_id).unwrap(); let next_pids = new_matches.remove(&next_id).unwrap(); new_matches.insert(cur_id, next_pids); new_matches.insert(next_id, cur_pids); } next_id = self.tt.prev_state_id(next_id); } cur_id = self.tt.prev_state_id(cur_id); } } // This is where it gets tricky. Without acceleration, start states // normally come right after match states. But we want accelerated // states to be a single contiguous range (to make it very fast // to determine whether a state *is* accelerated), while also keeping // match and starting states as contiguous ranges for the same reason. // So what we do here is shuffle states such that it looks like this: // // DQMMMMAAAAASSSSSSNNNNNNN // | | // |---------| // accelerated states // // Where: // D - dead state // Q - quit state // M - match state (may be accelerated) // A - normal state that is accelerated // S - start state (may be accelerated) // N - normal state that is NOT accelerated // // We implement this by shuffling states, which is done by a sequence // of pairwise swaps. We start by looking at all normal states to be // accelerated. When we find one, we swap it with the earliest starting // state, and then swap that with the earliest normal state. This // preserves the contiguous property. // // Once we're done looking for accelerated normal states, now we look // for accelerated starting states by moving them to the beginning // of the starting state range (just like we moved accelerated match // states to the end of the matching state range). // // For a more detailed/different perspective on this, see the docs // in dfa/special.rs. if cnormal > 0 { // our next available starting and normal states for swapping. let mut next_start_id = self.special.min_start; let mut cur_id = self.to_state_id(self.state_len() - 1); // This is guaranteed to exist since cnormal > 0. let mut next_norm_id = self.tt.next_state_id(self.special.max_start); while cur_id >= next_norm_id { if let Some(accel) = accels.remove(&cur_id) { remapper.swap(self, next_start_id, cur_id); remapper.swap(self, next_norm_id, cur_id); // Keep our accelerator map updated with new IDs if the // states we swapped were also accelerated. if let Some(accel2) = accels.remove(&next_norm_id) { accels.insert(cur_id, accel2); } if let Some(accel2) = accels.remove(&next_start_id) { accels.insert(next_norm_id, accel2); } accels.insert(next_start_id, accel); update_special_accel(&mut self.special, next_start_id); // Our start range shifts one to the right now. self.special.min_start = self.tt.next_state_id(self.special.min_start); self.special.max_start = self.tt.next_state_id(self.special.max_start); next_start_id = self.tt.next_state_id(next_start_id); next_norm_id = self.tt.next_state_id(next_norm_id); } // This is pretty tricky, but if our 'next_norm_id' state also // happened to be accelerated, then the result is that it is // now in the position of cur_id, so we need to consider it // again. This loop is still guaranteed to terminate though, // because when accels contains cur_id, we're guaranteed to // increment next_norm_id even if cur_id remains unchanged. if !accels.contains_key(&cur_id) { cur_id = self.tt.prev_state_id(cur_id); } } } // Just like we did for match states, but we want to move accelerated // start states to the beginning of the range instead of the end. if cstart > 0 { // N.B. special.{min,max}_start do not need updating, since the // range/number of start states does not change at this point. Only // the ordering of start states may change. let mut next_id = self.special.min_start; let mut cur_id = next_id; while cur_id <= self.special.max_start { if let Some(accel) = accels.remove(&cur_id) { remapper.swap(self, cur_id, next_id); accels.insert(next_id, accel); update_special_accel(&mut self.special, next_id); next_id = self.tt.next_state_id(next_id); } cur_id = self.tt.next_state_id(cur_id); } } // Remap all transitions in our DFA and assert some things. remapper.remap(self); // This unwrap is OK because acceleration never changes the number of // match states or patterns in those match states. Since acceleration // runs after the pattern map has been set at least once, we know that // our match states cannot error. self.set_pattern_map(&new_matches).unwrap(); self.special.set_max(); self.special.validate().expect("special state ranges should validate"); self.special .validate_state_len(self.state_len(), self.stride2()) .expect( "special state ranges should be consistent with state length", ); assert_eq!( self.special.accel_len(self.stride()), // We record the number of accelerated states initially detected // since the accels map is itself mutated in the process above. // If mutated incorrectly, its size may change, and thus can't be // trusted as a source of truth of how many accelerated states we // expected there to be. original_accels_len, "mismatch with expected number of accelerated states", ); // And finally record our accelerators. We kept our accels map updated // as we shuffled states above, so the accelerators should now // correspond to a contiguous range in the state ID space. (Which we // assert.) let mut prev: Option = None; for (id, accel) in accels { assert!(prev.map_or(true, |p| self.tt.next_state_id(p) == id)); prev = Some(id); self.accels.add(accel); } } /// Shuffle the states in this DFA so that starting states, match /// states and accelerated states are all contiguous. /// /// See dfa/special.rs for more details. pub(crate) fn shuffle( &mut self, mut matches: BTreeMap>, ) -> Result<(), BuildError> { // The determinizer always adds a quit state and it is always second. self.special.quit_id = self.to_state_id(1); // If all we have are the dead and quit states, then we're done and // the DFA will never produce a match. if self.state_len() <= 2 { self.special.set_max(); return Ok(()); } // Collect all our non-DEAD start states into a convenient set and // confirm there is no overlap with match states. In the classicl DFA // construction, start states can be match states. But because of // look-around, we delay all matches by a byte, which prevents start // states from being match states. let mut is_start: BTreeSet = BTreeSet::new(); for (start_id, _, _) in self.starts() { // If a starting configuration points to a DEAD state, then we // don't want to shuffle it. The DEAD state is always the first // state with ID=0. So we can just leave it be. if start_id == DEAD { continue; } assert!( !matches.contains_key(&start_id), "{:?} is both a start and a match state, which is not allowed", start_id, ); is_start.insert(start_id); } // We implement shuffling by a sequence of pairwise swaps of states. // Since we have a number of things referencing states via their // IDs and swapping them changes their IDs, we need to record every // swap we make so that we can remap IDs. The remapper handles this // book-keeping for us. let mut remapper = Remapper::new(self); // Shuffle matching states. if matches.is_empty() { self.special.min_match = DEAD; self.special.max_match = DEAD; } else { // The determinizer guarantees that the first two states are the // dead and quit states, respectively. We want our match states to // come right after quit. let mut next_id = self.to_state_id(2); let mut new_matches = BTreeMap::new(); self.special.min_match = next_id; for (id, pids) in matches { remapper.swap(self, next_id, id); new_matches.insert(next_id, pids); // If we swapped a start state, then update our set. if is_start.contains(&next_id) { is_start.remove(&next_id); is_start.insert(id); } next_id = self.tt.next_state_id(next_id); } matches = new_matches; self.special.max_match = cmp::max( self.special.min_match, self.tt.prev_state_id(next_id), ); } // Shuffle starting states. { let mut next_id = self.to_state_id(2); if self.special.matches() { next_id = self.tt.next_state_id(self.special.max_match); } self.special.min_start = next_id; for id in is_start { remapper.swap(self, next_id, id); next_id = self.tt.next_state_id(next_id); } self.special.max_start = cmp::max( self.special.min_start, self.tt.prev_state_id(next_id), ); } // Finally remap all transitions in our DFA. remapper.remap(self); self.set_pattern_map(&matches)?; self.special.set_max(); self.special.validate().expect("special state ranges should validate"); self.special .validate_state_len(self.state_len(), self.stride2()) .expect( "special state ranges should be consistent with state length", ); Ok(()) } /// Checks whether there are universal start states (both anchored and /// unanchored), and if so, sets the relevant fields to the start state /// IDs. /// /// Universal start states occur precisely when the all patterns in the /// DFA have no look-around assertions in their prefix. fn set_universal_starts(&mut self) { assert_eq!(6, Start::len(), "expected 6 start configurations"); let start_id = |dfa: &mut OwnedDFA, inp: &Input<'_>, start: Start| { // This OK because we only call 'start' under conditions // in which we know it will succeed. dfa.st.start(inp, start).expect("valid Input configuration") }; if self.start_kind().has_unanchored() { let inp = Input::new("").anchored(Anchored::No); let sid = start_id(self, &inp, Start::NonWordByte); if sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::WordByte) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::Text) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::LineLF) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::LineCR) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::CustomLineTerminator) { self.st.universal_start_unanchored = Some(sid); } } if self.start_kind().has_anchored() { let inp = Input::new("").anchored(Anchored::Yes); let sid = start_id(self, &inp, Start::NonWordByte); if sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::WordByte) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::Text) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::LineLF) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::LineCR) && sid == start_id(self, &inp, Start::CustomLineTerminator) { self.st.universal_start_anchored = Some(sid); } } } } // A variety of generic internal methods for accessing DFA internals. impl> DFA { /// Return the info about special states. pub(crate) fn special(&self) -> &Special { &self.special } /// Return the info about special states as a mutable borrow. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub(crate) fn special_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Special { &mut self.special } /// Returns the quit set (may be empty) used by this DFA. pub(crate) fn quitset(&self) -> &ByteSet { &self.quitset } /// Returns the flags for this DFA. pub(crate) fn flags(&self) -> &Flags { &self.flags } /// Returns an iterator over all states in this DFA. /// /// This iterator yields a tuple for each state. The first element of the /// tuple corresponds to a state's identifier, and the second element /// corresponds to the state itself (comprised of its transitions). pub(crate) fn states(&self) -> StateIter<'_, T> { self.tt.states() } /// Return the total number of states in this DFA. Every DFA has at least /// 1 state, even the empty DFA. pub(crate) fn state_len(&self) -> usize { self.tt.len() } /// Return an iterator over all pattern IDs for the given match state. /// /// If the given state is not a match state, then this panics. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub(crate) fn pattern_id_slice(&self, id: StateID) -> &[PatternID] { assert!(self.is_match_state(id)); self.ms.pattern_id_slice(self.match_state_index(id)) } /// Return the total number of pattern IDs for the given match state. /// /// If the given state is not a match state, then this panics. pub(crate) fn match_pattern_len(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { assert!(self.is_match_state(id)); self.ms.pattern_len(self.match_state_index(id)) } /// Returns the total number of patterns matched by this DFA. pub(crate) fn pattern_len(&self) -> usize { self.ms.pattern_len } /// Returns a map from match state ID to a list of pattern IDs that match /// in that state. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub(crate) fn pattern_map(&self) -> BTreeMap> { self.ms.to_map(self) } /// Returns the ID of the quit state for this DFA. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub(crate) fn quit_id(&self) -> StateID { self.to_state_id(1) } /// Convert the given state identifier to the state's index. The state's /// index corresponds to the position in which it appears in the transition /// table. When a DFA is NOT premultiplied, then a state's identifier is /// also its index. When a DFA is premultiplied, then a state's identifier /// is equal to `index * alphabet_len`. This routine reverses that. pub(crate) fn to_index(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { self.tt.to_index(id) } /// Convert an index to a state (in the range 0..self.state_len()) to an /// actual state identifier. /// /// This is useful when using a `Vec` as an efficient map keyed by state /// to some other information (such as a remapped state ID). #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] pub(crate) fn to_state_id(&self, index: usize) -> StateID { self.tt.to_state_id(index) } /// Return the table of state IDs for this DFA's start states. pub(crate) fn starts(&self) -> StartStateIter<'_> { self.st.iter() } /// Returns the index of the match state for the given ID. If the /// given ID does not correspond to a match state, then this may /// panic or produce an incorrect result. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn match_state_index(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { debug_assert!(self.is_match_state(id)); // This is one of the places where we rely on the fact that match // states are contiguous in the transition table. Namely, that the // first match state ID always corresponds to dfa.special.min_match. // From there, since we know the stride, we can compute the overall // index of any match state given the match state's ID. let min = self.special().min_match.as_usize(); // CORRECTNESS: We're allowed to produce an incorrect result or panic, // so both the subtraction and the unchecked StateID construction is // OK. self.to_index(StateID::new_unchecked(id.as_usize() - min)) } /// Returns the index of the accelerator state for the given ID. If the /// given ID does not correspond to an accelerator state, then this may /// panic or produce an incorrect result. fn accelerator_index(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { let min = self.special().min_accel.as_usize(); // CORRECTNESS: We're allowed to produce an incorrect result or panic, // so both the subtraction and the unchecked StateID construction is // OK. self.to_index(StateID::new_unchecked(id.as_usize() - min)) } /// Return the accelerators for this DFA. fn accels(&self) -> Accels<&[u32]> { self.accels.as_ref() } /// Return this DFA's transition table as a slice. fn trans(&self) -> &[StateID] { self.tt.table() } } impl> fmt::Debug for DFA { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { writeln!(f, "dense::DFA(")?; for state in self.states() { fmt_state_indicator(f, self, state.id())?; let id = if f.alternate() { state.id().as_usize() } else { self.to_index(state.id()) }; write!(f, "{:06?}: ", id)?; state.fmt(f)?; write!(f, "\n")?; } writeln!(f, "")?; for (i, (start_id, anchored, sty)) in self.starts().enumerate() { let id = if f.alternate() { start_id.as_usize() } else { self.to_index(start_id) }; if i % self.st.stride == 0 { match anchored { Anchored::No => writeln!(f, "START-GROUP(unanchored)")?, Anchored::Yes => writeln!(f, "START-GROUP(anchored)")?, Anchored::Pattern(pid) => { writeln!(f, "START_GROUP(pattern: {:?})", pid)? } } } writeln!(f, " {:?} => {:06?}", sty, id)?; } if self.pattern_len() > 1 { writeln!(f, "")?; for i in 0..self.ms.len() { let id = self.ms.match_state_id(self, i); let id = if f.alternate() { id.as_usize() } else { self.to_index(id) }; write!(f, "MATCH({:06?}): ", id)?; for (i, &pid) in self.ms.pattern_id_slice(i).iter().enumerate() { if i > 0 { write!(f, ", ")?; } write!(f, "{:?}", pid)?; } writeln!(f, "")?; } } writeln!(f, "state length: {:?}", self.state_len())?; writeln!(f, "pattern length: {:?}", self.pattern_len())?; writeln!(f, "flags: {:?}", self.flags)?; writeln!(f, ")")?; Ok(()) } } // SAFETY: We assert that our implementation of each method is correct. unsafe impl> Automaton for DFA { #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_special_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_special_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_dead_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_dead_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_quit_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_quit_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_match_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_match_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_start_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_start_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_accel_state(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { self.special.is_accel_state(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn next_state(&self, current: StateID, input: u8) -> StateID { let input = self.byte_classes().get(input); let o = current.as_usize() + usize::from(input); self.trans()[o] } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] unsafe fn next_state_unchecked( &self, current: StateID, byte: u8, ) -> StateID { // We don't (or shouldn't) need an unchecked variant for the byte // class mapping, since bound checks should be omitted automatically // by virtue of its representation. If this ends up not being true as // confirmed by codegen, please file an issue. ---AG let class = self.byte_classes().get(byte); let o = current.as_usize() + usize::from(class); let next = *self.trans().get_unchecked(o); next } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn next_eoi_state(&self, current: StateID) -> StateID { let eoi = self.byte_classes().eoi().as_usize(); let o = current.as_usize() + eoi; self.trans()[o] } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn pattern_len(&self) -> usize { self.ms.pattern_len } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn match_len(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { self.match_pattern_len(id) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn match_pattern(&self, id: StateID, match_index: usize) -> PatternID { // This is an optimization for the very common case of a DFA with a // single pattern. This conditional avoids a somewhat more costly path // that finds the pattern ID from the state machine, which requires // a bit of slicing/pointer-chasing. This optimization tends to only // matter when matches are frequent. if self.ms.pattern_len == 1 { return PatternID::ZERO; } let state_index = self.match_state_index(id); self.ms.pattern_id(state_index, match_index) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn has_empty(&self) -> bool { self.flags.has_empty } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_utf8(&self) -> bool { self.flags.is_utf8 } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn is_always_start_anchored(&self) -> bool { self.flags.is_always_start_anchored } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn start_state_forward( &self, input: &Input<'_>, ) -> Result { if !self.quitset.is_empty() && input.start() > 0 { let offset = input.start() - 1; let byte = input.haystack()[offset]; if self.quitset.contains(byte) { return Err(MatchError::quit(byte, offset)); } } let start = self.st.start_map.fwd(&input); self.st.start(input, start) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn start_state_reverse( &self, input: &Input<'_>, ) -> Result { if !self.quitset.is_empty() && input.end() < input.haystack().len() { let offset = input.end(); let byte = input.haystack()[offset]; if self.quitset.contains(byte) { return Err(MatchError::quit(byte, offset)); } } let start = self.st.start_map.rev(&input); self.st.start(input, start) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn universal_start_state(&self, mode: Anchored) -> Option { match mode { Anchored::No => self.st.universal_start_unanchored, Anchored::Yes => self.st.universal_start_anchored, Anchored::Pattern(_) => None, } } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn accelerator(&self, id: StateID) -> &[u8] { if !self.is_accel_state(id) { return &[]; } self.accels.needles(self.accelerator_index(id)) } #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn get_prefilter(&self) -> Option<&Prefilter> { self.pre.as_ref() } } /// The transition table portion of a dense DFA. /// /// The transition table is the core part of the DFA in that it describes how /// to move from one state to another based on the input sequence observed. #[derive(Clone)] pub(crate) struct TransitionTable { /// A contiguous region of memory representing the transition table in /// row-major order. The representation is dense. That is, every state /// has precisely the same number of transitions. The maximum number of /// transitions per state is 257 (256 for each possible byte value, plus 1 /// for the special EOI transition). If a DFA has been instructed to use /// byte classes (the default), then the number of transitions is usually /// substantially fewer. /// /// In practice, T is either `Vec` or `&[u32]`. table: T, /// A set of equivalence classes, where a single equivalence class /// represents a set of bytes that never discriminate between a match /// and a non-match in the DFA. Each equivalence class corresponds to a /// single character in this DFA's alphabet, where the maximum number of /// characters is 257 (each possible value of a byte plus the special /// EOI transition). Consequently, the number of equivalence classes /// corresponds to the number of transitions for each DFA state. Note /// though that the *space* used by each DFA state in the transition table /// may be larger. The total space used by each DFA state is known as the /// stride. /// /// The only time the number of equivalence classes is fewer than 257 is if /// the DFA's kind uses byte classes (which is the default). Equivalence /// classes should generally only be disabled when debugging, so that /// the transitions themselves aren't obscured. Disabling them has no /// other benefit, since the equivalence class map is always used while /// searching. In the vast majority of cases, the number of equivalence /// classes is substantially smaller than 257, particularly when large /// Unicode classes aren't used. classes: ByteClasses, /// The stride of each DFA state, expressed as a power-of-two exponent. /// /// The stride of a DFA corresponds to the total amount of space used by /// each DFA state in the transition table. This may be bigger than the /// size of a DFA's alphabet, since the stride is always the smallest /// power of two greater than or equal to the alphabet size. /// /// While this wastes space, this avoids the need for integer division /// to convert between premultiplied state IDs and their corresponding /// indices. Instead, we can use simple bit-shifts. /// /// See the docs for the `stride2` method for more details. /// /// The minimum `stride2` value is `1` (corresponding to a stride of `2`) /// while the maximum `stride2` value is `9` (corresponding to a stride of /// `512`). The maximum is not `8` since the maximum alphabet size is `257` /// when accounting for the special EOI transition. However, an alphabet /// length of that size is exceptionally rare since the alphabet is shrunk /// into equivalence classes. stride2: usize, } impl<'a> TransitionTable<&'a [u32]> { /// Deserialize a transition table starting at the beginning of `slice`. /// Upon success, return the total number of bytes read along with the /// transition table. /// /// If there was a problem deserializing any part of the transition table, /// then this returns an error. Notably, if the given slice does not have /// the same alignment as `StateID`, then this will return an error (among /// other possible errors). /// /// This is guaranteed to execute in constant time. /// /// # Safety /// /// This routine is not safe because it does not check the validity of the /// transition table itself. In particular, the transition table can be /// quite large, so checking its validity can be somewhat expensive. An /// invalid transition table is not safe because other code may rely on the /// transition table being correct (such as explicit bounds check elision). /// Therefore, an invalid transition table can lead to undefined behavior. /// /// Callers that use this function must either pass on the safety invariant /// or guarantee that the bytes given contain a valid transition table. /// This guarantee is upheld by the bytes written by `write_to`. unsafe fn from_bytes_unchecked( mut slice: &'a [u8], ) -> Result<(TransitionTable<&'a [u32]>, usize), DeserializeError> { let slice_start = slice.as_ptr().as_usize(); let (state_len, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "state length")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let (stride2, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "stride2")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let (classes, nr) = ByteClasses::from_bytes(slice)?; slice = &slice[nr..]; // The alphabet length (determined by the byte class map) cannot be // bigger than the stride (total space used by each DFA state). if stride2 > 9 { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "dense DFA has invalid stride2 (too big)", )); } // It also cannot be zero, since even a DFA that never matches anything // has a non-zero number of states with at least two equivalence // classes: one for all 256 byte values and another for the EOI // sentinel. if stride2 < 1 { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "dense DFA has invalid stride2 (too small)", )); } // This is OK since 1 <= stride2 <= 9. let stride = 1usize.checked_shl(u32::try_from(stride2).unwrap()).unwrap(); if classes.alphabet_len() > stride { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "alphabet size cannot be bigger than transition table stride", )); } let trans_len = wire::shl(state_len, stride2, "dense table transition length")?; let table_bytes_len = wire::mul( trans_len, StateID::SIZE, "dense table state byte length", )?; wire::check_slice_len(slice, table_bytes_len, "transition table")?; wire::check_alignment::(slice)?; let table_bytes = &slice[..table_bytes_len]; slice = &slice[table_bytes_len..]; // SAFETY: Since StateID is always representable as a u32, all we need // to do is ensure that we have the proper length and alignment. We've // checked both above, so the cast below is safe. // // N.B. This is the only not-safe code in this function. let table = core::slice::from_raw_parts( table_bytes.as_ptr().cast::(), trans_len, ); let tt = TransitionTable { table, classes, stride2 }; Ok((tt, slice.as_ptr().as_usize() - slice_start)) } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl TransitionTable> { /// Create a minimal transition table with just two states: a dead state /// and a quit state. The alphabet length and stride of the transition /// table is determined by the given set of equivalence classes. fn minimal(classes: ByteClasses) -> TransitionTable> { let mut tt = TransitionTable { table: vec![], classes, stride2: classes.stride2(), }; // Two states, regardless of alphabet size, can always fit into u32. tt.add_empty_state().unwrap(); // dead state tt.add_empty_state().unwrap(); // quit state tt } /// Set a transition in this table. Both the `from` and `to` states must /// already exist, otherwise this panics. `unit` should correspond to the /// transition out of `from` to set to `to`. fn set(&mut self, from: StateID, unit: alphabet::Unit, to: StateID) { assert!(self.is_valid(from), "invalid 'from' state"); assert!(self.is_valid(to), "invalid 'to' state"); self.table[from.as_usize() + self.classes.get_by_unit(unit)] = to.as_u32(); } /// Add an empty state (a state where all transitions lead to a dead state) /// and return its identifier. The identifier returned is guaranteed to /// not point to any other existing state. /// /// If adding a state would exhaust the state identifier space, then this /// returns an error. fn add_empty_state(&mut self) -> Result { // Normally, to get a fresh state identifier, we would just // take the index of the next state added to the transition // table. However, we actually perform an optimization here // that premultiplies state IDs by the stride, such that they // point immediately at the beginning of their transitions in // the transition table. This avoids an extra multiplication // instruction for state lookup at search time. // // Premultiplied identifiers means that instead of your matching // loop looking something like this: // // state = dfa.start // for byte in haystack: // next = dfa.transitions[state * stride + byte] // if dfa.is_match(next): // return true // return false // // it can instead look like this: // // state = dfa.start // for byte in haystack: // next = dfa.transitions[state + byte] // if dfa.is_match(next): // return true // return false // // In other words, we save a multiplication instruction in the // critical path. This turns out to be a decent performance win. // The cost of using premultiplied state ids is that they can // require a bigger state id representation. (And they also make // the code a bit more complex, especially during minimization and // when reshuffling states, as one needs to convert back and forth // between state IDs and state indices.) // // To do this, we simply take the index of the state into the // entire transition table, rather than the index of the state // itself. e.g., If the stride is 64, then the ID of the 3rd state // is 192, not 2. let next = self.table.len(); let id = StateID::new(next).map_err(|_| BuildError::too_many_states())?; self.table.extend(iter::repeat(0).take(self.stride())); Ok(id) } /// Swap the two states given in this transition table. /// /// This routine does not do anything to check the correctness of this /// swap. Callers must ensure that other states pointing to id1 and id2 are /// updated appropriately. /// /// Both id1 and id2 must point to valid states, otherwise this panics. fn swap(&mut self, id1: StateID, id2: StateID) { assert!(self.is_valid(id1), "invalid 'id1' state: {:?}", id1); assert!(self.is_valid(id2), "invalid 'id2' state: {:?}", id2); // We only need to swap the parts of the state that are used. So if the // stride is 64, but the alphabet length is only 33, then we save a lot // of work. for b in 0..self.classes.alphabet_len() { self.table.swap(id1.as_usize() + b, id2.as_usize() + b); } } /// Remap the transitions for the state given according to the function /// given. This applies the given map function to every transition in the /// given state and changes the transition in place to the result of the /// map function for that transition. fn remap(&mut self, id: StateID, map: impl Fn(StateID) -> StateID) { for byte in 0..self.alphabet_len() { let i = id.as_usize() + byte; let next = self.table()[i]; self.table_mut()[id.as_usize() + byte] = map(next); } } /// Truncate the states in this transition table to the given length. /// /// This routine does not do anything to check the correctness of this /// truncation. Callers must ensure that other states pointing to truncated /// states are updated appropriately. fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) { self.table.truncate(len << self.stride2); } } impl> TransitionTable { /// Writes a serialized form of this transition table to the buffer given. /// If the buffer is too small, then an error is returned. To determine /// how big the buffer must be, use `write_to_len`. fn write_to( &self, mut dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { let nwrite = self.write_to_len(); if dst.len() < nwrite { return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small("transition table")); } dst = &mut dst[..nwrite]; // write state length // Unwrap is OK since number of states is guaranteed to fit in a u32. E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.len()).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write state stride (as power of 2) // Unwrap is OK since stride2 is guaranteed to be <= 9. E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.stride2).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write byte class map let n = self.classes.write_to(dst)?; dst = &mut dst[n..]; // write actual transitions for &sid in self.table() { let n = wire::write_state_id::(sid, &mut dst); dst = &mut dst[n..]; } Ok(nwrite) } /// Returns the number of bytes the serialized form of this transition /// table will use. fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize { size_of::() // state length + size_of::() // stride2 + self.classes.write_to_len() + (self.table().len() * StateID::SIZE) } /// Validates that every state ID in this transition table is valid. /// /// That is, every state ID can be used to correctly index a state in this /// table. fn validate(&self, sp: &Special) -> Result<(), DeserializeError> { for state in self.states() { // We check that the ID itself is well formed. That is, if it's // a special state then it must actually be a quit, dead, accel, // match or start state. if sp.is_special_state(state.id()) { let is_actually_special = sp.is_dead_state(state.id()) || sp.is_quit_state(state.id()) || sp.is_match_state(state.id()) || sp.is_start_state(state.id()) || sp.is_accel_state(state.id()); if !is_actually_special { // This is kind of a cryptic error message... return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "found dense state tagged as special but \ wasn't actually special", )); } } for (_, to) in state.transitions() { if !self.is_valid(to) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "found invalid state ID in transition table", )); } } } Ok(()) } /// Converts this transition table to a borrowed value. fn as_ref(&self) -> TransitionTable<&'_ [u32]> { TransitionTable { table: self.table.as_ref(), classes: self.classes.clone(), stride2: self.stride2, } } /// Converts this transition table to an owned value. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn to_owned(&self) -> TransitionTable> { TransitionTable { table: self.table.as_ref().to_vec(), classes: self.classes.clone(), stride2: self.stride2, } } /// Return the state for the given ID. If the given ID is not valid, then /// this panics. fn state(&self, id: StateID) -> State<'_> { assert!(self.is_valid(id)); let i = id.as_usize(); State { id, stride2: self.stride2, transitions: &self.table()[i..i + self.alphabet_len()], } } /// Returns an iterator over all states in this transition table. /// /// This iterator yields a tuple for each state. The first element of the /// tuple corresponds to a state's identifier, and the second element /// corresponds to the state itself (comprised of its transitions). fn states(&self) -> StateIter<'_, T> { StateIter { tt: self, it: self.table().chunks(self.stride()).enumerate(), } } /// Convert a state identifier to an index to a state (in the range /// 0..self.len()). /// /// This is useful when using a `Vec` as an efficient map keyed by state /// to some other information (such as a remapped state ID). /// /// If the given ID is not valid, then this may panic or produce an /// incorrect index. fn to_index(&self, id: StateID) -> usize { id.as_usize() >> self.stride2 } /// Convert an index to a state (in the range 0..self.len()) to an actual /// state identifier. /// /// This is useful when using a `Vec` as an efficient map keyed by state /// to some other information (such as a remapped state ID). /// /// If the given index is not in the specified range, then this may panic /// or produce an incorrect state ID. fn to_state_id(&self, index: usize) -> StateID { // CORRECTNESS: If the given index is not valid, then it is not // required for this to panic or return a valid state ID. StateID::new_unchecked(index << self.stride2) } /// Returns the state ID for the state immediately following the one given. /// /// This does not check whether the state ID returned is invalid. In fact, /// if the state ID given is the last state in this DFA, then the state ID /// returned is guaranteed to be invalid. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn next_state_id(&self, id: StateID) -> StateID { self.to_state_id(self.to_index(id).checked_add(1).unwrap()) } /// Returns the state ID for the state immediately preceding the one given. /// /// If the dead ID given (which is zero), then this panics. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn prev_state_id(&self, id: StateID) -> StateID { self.to_state_id(self.to_index(id).checked_sub(1).unwrap()) } /// Returns the table as a slice of state IDs. fn table(&self) -> &[StateID] { wire::u32s_to_state_ids(self.table.as_ref()) } /// Returns the total number of states in this transition table. /// /// Note that a DFA always has at least two states: the dead and quit /// states. In particular, the dead state always has ID 0 and is /// correspondingly always the first state. The dead state is never a match /// state. fn len(&self) -> usize { self.table().len() >> self.stride2 } /// Returns the total stride for every state in this DFA. This corresponds /// to the total number of transitions used by each state in this DFA's /// transition table. fn stride(&self) -> usize { 1 << self.stride2 } /// Returns the total number of elements in the alphabet for this /// transition table. This is always less than or equal to `self.stride()`. /// It is only equal when the alphabet length is a power of 2. Otherwise, /// it is always strictly less. fn alphabet_len(&self) -> usize { self.classes.alphabet_len() } /// Returns true if and only if the given state ID is valid for this /// transition table. Validity in this context means that the given ID can /// be used as a valid offset with `self.stride()` to index this transition /// table. fn is_valid(&self, id: StateID) -> bool { let id = id.as_usize(); id < self.table().len() && id % self.stride() == 0 } /// Return the memory usage, in bytes, of this transition table. /// /// This does not include the size of a `TransitionTable` value itself. fn memory_usage(&self) -> usize { self.table().len() * StateID::SIZE } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl> TransitionTable { /// Returns the table as a slice of state IDs. fn table_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [StateID] { wire::u32s_to_state_ids_mut(self.table.as_mut()) } } /// The set of all possible starting states in a DFA. /// /// The set of starting states corresponds to the possible choices one can make /// in terms of starting a DFA. That is, before following the first transition, /// you first need to select the state that you start in. /// /// Normally, a DFA converted from an NFA that has a single starting state /// would itself just have one starting state. However, our support for look /// around generally requires more starting states. The correct starting state /// is chosen based on certain properties of the position at which we begin /// our search. /// /// Before listing those properties, we first must define two terms: /// /// * `haystack` - The bytes to execute the search. The search always starts /// at the beginning of `haystack` and ends before or at the end of /// `haystack`. /// * `context` - The (possibly empty) bytes surrounding `haystack`. `haystack` /// must be contained within `context` such that `context` is at least as big /// as `haystack`. /// /// This split is crucial for dealing with look-around. For example, consider /// the context `foobarbaz`, the haystack `bar` and the regex `^bar$`. This /// regex should _not_ match the haystack since `bar` does not appear at the /// beginning of the input. Similarly, the regex `\Bbar\B` should match the /// haystack because `bar` is not surrounded by word boundaries. But a search /// that does not take context into account would not permit `\B` to match /// since the beginning of any string matches a word boundary. Similarly, a /// search that does not take context into account when searching `^bar$` in /// the haystack `bar` would produce a match when it shouldn't. /// /// Thus, it follows that the starting state is chosen based on the following /// criteria, derived from the position at which the search starts in the /// `context` (corresponding to the start of `haystack`): /// /// 1. If the search starts at the beginning of `context`, then the `Text` /// start state is used. (Since `^` corresponds to /// `hir::Anchor::Start`.) /// 2. If the search starts at a position immediately following a line /// terminator, then the `Line` start state is used. (Since `(?m:^)` /// corresponds to `hir::Anchor::StartLF`.) /// 3. If the search starts at a position immediately following a byte /// classified as a "word" character (`[_0-9a-zA-Z]`), then the `WordByte` /// start state is used. (Since `(?-u:\b)` corresponds to a word boundary.) /// 4. Otherwise, if the search starts at a position immediately following /// a byte that is not classified as a "word" character (`[^_0-9a-zA-Z]`), /// then the `NonWordByte` start state is used. (Since `(?-u:\B)` /// corresponds to a not-word-boundary.) /// /// (N.B. Unicode word boundaries are not supported by the DFA because they /// require multi-byte look-around and this is difficult to support in a DFA.) /// /// To further complicate things, we also support constructing individual /// anchored start states for each pattern in the DFA. (Which is required to /// implement overlapping regexes correctly, but is also generally useful.) /// Thus, when individual start states for each pattern are enabled, then the /// total number of start states represented is `4 + (4 * #patterns)`, where /// the 4 comes from each of the 4 possibilities above. The first 4 represents /// the starting states for the entire DFA, which support searching for /// multiple patterns simultaneously (possibly unanchored). /// /// If individual start states are disabled, then this will only store 4 /// start states. Typically, individual start states are only enabled when /// constructing the reverse DFA for regex matching. But they are also useful /// for building DFAs that can search for a specific pattern or even to support /// both anchored and unanchored searches with the same DFA. /// /// Note though that while the start table always has either `4` or /// `4 + (4 * #patterns)` starting state *ids*, the total number of states /// might be considerably smaller. That is, many of the IDs may be duplicative. /// (For example, if a regex doesn't have a `\b` sub-pattern, then there's no /// reason to generate a unique starting state for handling word boundaries. /// Similarly for start/end anchors.) #[derive(Clone)] pub(crate) struct StartTable { /// The initial start state IDs. /// /// In practice, T is either `Vec` or `&[u32]`. /// /// The first `2 * stride` (currently always 8) entries always correspond /// to the starts states for the entire DFA, with the first 4 entries being /// for unanchored searches and the second 4 entries being for anchored /// searches. To keep things simple, we always use 8 entries even if the /// `StartKind` is not both. /// /// After that, there are `stride * patterns` state IDs, where `patterns` /// may be zero in the case of a DFA with no patterns or in the case where /// the DFA was built without enabling starting states for each pattern. table: T, /// The starting state configuration supported. When 'both', both /// unanchored and anchored searches work. When 'unanchored', anchored /// searches panic. When 'anchored', unanchored searches panic. kind: StartKind, /// The start state configuration for every possible byte. start_map: StartByteMap, /// The number of starting state IDs per pattern. stride: usize, /// The total number of patterns for which starting states are encoded. /// This is `None` for DFAs that were built without start states for each /// pattern. Thus, one cannot use this field to say how many patterns /// are in the DFA in all cases. It is specific to how many patterns are /// represented in this start table. pattern_len: Option, /// The universal starting state for unanchored searches. This is only /// present when the DFA supports unanchored searches and when all starting /// state IDs for an unanchored search are equivalent. universal_start_unanchored: Option, /// The universal starting state for anchored searches. This is only /// present when the DFA supports anchored searches and when all starting /// state IDs for an anchored search are equivalent. universal_start_anchored: Option, } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl StartTable> { /// Create a valid set of start states all pointing to the dead state. /// /// When the corresponding DFA is constructed with start states for each /// pattern, then `patterns` should be the number of patterns. Otherwise, /// it should be zero. /// /// If the total table size could exceed the allocatable limit, then this /// returns an error. In practice, this is unlikely to be able to occur, /// since it's likely that allocation would have failed long before it got /// to this point. fn dead( kind: StartKind, lookm: &LookMatcher, pattern_len: Option, ) -> Result>, BuildError> { if let Some(len) = pattern_len { assert!(len <= PatternID::LIMIT); } let stride = Start::len(); // OK because 2*4 is never going to overflow anything. let starts_len = stride.checked_mul(2).unwrap(); let pattern_starts_len = match stride.checked_mul(pattern_len.unwrap_or(0)) { Some(x) => x, None => return Err(BuildError::too_many_start_states()), }; let table_len = match starts_len.checked_add(pattern_starts_len) { Some(x) => x, None => return Err(BuildError::too_many_start_states()), }; if let Err(_) = isize::try_from(table_len) { return Err(BuildError::too_many_start_states()); } let table = vec![DEAD.as_u32(); table_len]; let start_map = StartByteMap::new(lookm); Ok(StartTable { table, kind, start_map, stride, pattern_len, universal_start_unanchored: None, universal_start_anchored: None, }) } } impl<'a> StartTable<&'a [u32]> { /// Deserialize a table of start state IDs starting at the beginning of /// `slice`. Upon success, return the total number of bytes read along with /// the table of starting state IDs. /// /// If there was a problem deserializing any part of the starting IDs, /// then this returns an error. Notably, if the given slice does not have /// the same alignment as `StateID`, then this will return an error (among /// other possible errors). /// /// This is guaranteed to execute in constant time. /// /// # Safety /// /// This routine is not safe because it does not check the validity of the /// starting state IDs themselves. In particular, the number of starting /// IDs can be of variable length, so it's possible that checking their /// validity cannot be done in constant time. An invalid starting state /// ID is not safe because other code may rely on the starting IDs being /// correct (such as explicit bounds check elision). Therefore, an invalid /// start ID can lead to undefined behavior. /// /// Callers that use this function must either pass on the safety invariant /// or guarantee that the bytes given contain valid starting state IDs. /// This guarantee is upheld by the bytes written by `write_to`. unsafe fn from_bytes_unchecked( mut slice: &'a [u8], ) -> Result<(StartTable<&'a [u32]>, usize), DeserializeError> { let slice_start = slice.as_ptr().as_usize(); let (kind, nr) = StartKind::from_bytes(slice)?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let (start_map, nr) = StartByteMap::from_bytes(slice)?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let (stride, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "start table stride")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; if stride != Start::len() { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "invalid starting table stride", )); } let (maybe_pattern_len, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "start table patterns")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let pattern_len = if maybe_pattern_len.as_u32() == u32::MAX { None } else { Some(maybe_pattern_len) }; if pattern_len.map_or(false, |len| len > PatternID::LIMIT) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "invalid number of patterns", )); } let (universal_unanchored, nr) = wire::try_read_u32(slice, "universal unanchored start")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let universal_start_unanchored = if universal_unanchored == u32::MAX { None } else { Some(StateID::try_from(universal_unanchored).map_err(|e| { DeserializeError::state_id_error( e, "universal unanchored start", ) })?) }; let (universal_anchored, nr) = wire::try_read_u32(slice, "universal anchored start")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; let universal_start_anchored = if universal_anchored == u32::MAX { None } else { Some(StateID::try_from(universal_anchored).map_err(|e| { DeserializeError::state_id_error(e, "universal anchored start") })?) }; let pattern_table_size = wire::mul( stride, pattern_len.unwrap_or(0), "invalid pattern length", )?; // Our start states always start with a two stride of start states for // the entire automaton. The first stride is for unanchored starting // states and the second stride is for anchored starting states. What // follows it are an optional set of start states for each pattern. let start_state_len = wire::add( wire::mul(2, stride, "start state stride too big")?, pattern_table_size, "invalid 'any' pattern starts size", )?; let table_bytes_len = wire::mul( start_state_len, StateID::SIZE, "pattern table bytes length", )?; wire::check_slice_len(slice, table_bytes_len, "start ID table")?; wire::check_alignment::(slice)?; let table_bytes = &slice[..table_bytes_len]; slice = &slice[table_bytes_len..]; // SAFETY: Since StateID is always representable as a u32, all we need // to do is ensure that we have the proper length and alignment. We've // checked both above, so the cast below is safe. // // N.B. This is the only not-safe code in this function. let table = core::slice::from_raw_parts( table_bytes.as_ptr().cast::(), start_state_len, ); let st = StartTable { table, kind, start_map, stride, pattern_len, universal_start_unanchored, universal_start_anchored, }; Ok((st, slice.as_ptr().as_usize() - slice_start)) } } impl> StartTable { /// Writes a serialized form of this start table to the buffer given. If /// the buffer is too small, then an error is returned. To determine how /// big the buffer must be, use `write_to_len`. fn write_to( &self, mut dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { let nwrite = self.write_to_len(); if dst.len() < nwrite { return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small( "starting table ids", )); } dst = &mut dst[..nwrite]; // write start kind let nw = self.kind.write_to::(dst)?; dst = &mut dst[nw..]; // write start byte map let nw = self.start_map.write_to(dst)?; dst = &mut dst[nw..]; // write stride // Unwrap is OK since the stride is always 4 (currently). E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.stride).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write pattern length // Unwrap is OK since number of patterns is guaranteed to fit in a u32. E::write_u32( u32::try_from(self.pattern_len.unwrap_or(0xFFFF_FFFF)).unwrap(), dst, ); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write universal start unanchored state id, u32::MAX if absent E::write_u32( self.universal_start_unanchored .map_or(u32::MAX, |sid| sid.as_u32()), dst, ); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write universal start anchored state id, u32::MAX if absent E::write_u32( self.universal_start_anchored.map_or(u32::MAX, |sid| sid.as_u32()), dst, ); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write start IDs for &sid in self.table() { let n = wire::write_state_id::(sid, &mut dst); dst = &mut dst[n..]; } Ok(nwrite) } /// Returns the number of bytes the serialized form of this start ID table /// will use. fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize { self.kind.write_to_len() + self.start_map.write_to_len() + size_of::() // stride + size_of::() // # patterns + size_of::() // universal unanchored start + size_of::() // universal anchored start + (self.table().len() * StateID::SIZE) } /// Validates that every state ID in this start table is valid by checking /// it against the given transition table (which must be for the same DFA). /// /// That is, every state ID can be used to correctly index a state. fn validate( &self, tt: &TransitionTable, ) -> Result<(), DeserializeError> { if !self.universal_start_unanchored.map_or(true, |s| tt.is_valid(s)) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "found invalid universal unanchored starting state ID", )); } if !self.universal_start_anchored.map_or(true, |s| tt.is_valid(s)) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "found invalid universal anchored starting state ID", )); } for &id in self.table() { if !tt.is_valid(id) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "found invalid starting state ID", )); } } Ok(()) } /// Converts this start list to a borrowed value. fn as_ref(&self) -> StartTable<&'_ [u32]> { StartTable { table: self.table.as_ref(), kind: self.kind, start_map: self.start_map.clone(), stride: self.stride, pattern_len: self.pattern_len, universal_start_unanchored: self.universal_start_unanchored, universal_start_anchored: self.universal_start_anchored, } } /// Converts this start list to an owned value. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn to_owned(&self) -> StartTable> { StartTable { table: self.table.as_ref().to_vec(), kind: self.kind, start_map: self.start_map.clone(), stride: self.stride, pattern_len: self.pattern_len, universal_start_unanchored: self.universal_start_unanchored, universal_start_anchored: self.universal_start_anchored, } } /// Return the start state for the given input and starting configuration. /// This returns an error if the input configuration is not supported by /// this DFA. For example, requesting an unanchored search when the DFA was /// not built with unanchored starting states. Or asking for an anchored /// pattern search with an invalid pattern ID or on a DFA that was not /// built with start states for each pattern. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn start( &self, input: &Input<'_>, start: Start, ) -> Result { let start_index = start.as_usize(); let mode = input.get_anchored(); let index = match mode { Anchored::No => { if !self.kind.has_unanchored() { return Err(MatchError::unsupported_anchored(mode)); } start_index } Anchored::Yes => { if !self.kind.has_anchored() { return Err(MatchError::unsupported_anchored(mode)); } self.stride + start_index } Anchored::Pattern(pid) => { let len = match self.pattern_len { None => { return Err(MatchError::unsupported_anchored(mode)) } Some(len) => len, }; if pid.as_usize() >= len { return Ok(DEAD); } (2 * self.stride) + (self.stride * pid.as_usize()) + start_index } }; Ok(self.table()[index]) } /// Returns an iterator over all start state IDs in this table. /// /// Each item is a triple of: start state ID, the start state type and the /// pattern ID (if any). fn iter(&self) -> StartStateIter<'_> { StartStateIter { st: self.as_ref(), i: 0 } } /// Returns the table as a slice of state IDs. fn table(&self) -> &[StateID] { wire::u32s_to_state_ids(self.table.as_ref()) } /// Return the memory usage, in bytes, of this start list. /// /// This does not include the size of a `StartList` value itself. fn memory_usage(&self) -> usize { self.table().len() * StateID::SIZE } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl> StartTable { /// Set the start state for the given index and pattern. /// /// If the pattern ID or state ID are not valid, then this will panic. fn set_start(&mut self, anchored: Anchored, start: Start, id: StateID) { let start_index = start.as_usize(); let index = match anchored { Anchored::No => start_index, Anchored::Yes => self.stride + start_index, Anchored::Pattern(pid) => { let pid = pid.as_usize(); let len = self .pattern_len .expect("start states for each pattern enabled"); assert!(pid < len, "invalid pattern ID {:?}", pid); self.stride .checked_mul(pid) .unwrap() .checked_add(self.stride.checked_mul(2).unwrap()) .unwrap() .checked_add(start_index) .unwrap() } }; self.table_mut()[index] = id; } /// Returns the table as a mutable slice of state IDs. fn table_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [StateID] { wire::u32s_to_state_ids_mut(self.table.as_mut()) } } /// An iterator over start state IDs. /// /// This iterator yields a triple of start state ID, the anchored mode and the /// start state type. If a pattern ID is relevant, then the anchored mode will /// contain it. Start states with an anchored mode containing a pattern ID will /// only occur when the DFA was compiled with start states for each pattern /// (which is disabled by default). pub(crate) struct StartStateIter<'a> { st: StartTable<&'a [u32]>, i: usize, } impl<'a> Iterator for StartStateIter<'a> { type Item = (StateID, Anchored, Start); fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(StateID, Anchored, Start)> { let i = self.i; let table = self.st.table(); if i >= table.len() { return None; } self.i += 1; // This unwrap is okay since the stride of the starting state table // must always match the number of start state types. let start_type = Start::from_usize(i % self.st.stride).unwrap(); let anchored = if i < self.st.stride { Anchored::No } else if i < (2 * self.st.stride) { Anchored::Yes } else { let pid = (i - (2 * self.st.stride)) / self.st.stride; Anchored::Pattern(PatternID::new(pid).unwrap()) }; Some((table[i], anchored, start_type)) } } /// This type represents that patterns that should be reported whenever a DFA /// enters a match state. This structure exists to support DFAs that search for /// matches for multiple regexes. /// /// This structure relies on the fact that all match states in a DFA occur /// contiguously in the DFA's transition table. (See dfa/special.rs for a more /// detailed breakdown of the representation.) Namely, when a match occurs, we /// know its state ID. Since we know the start and end of the contiguous region /// of match states, we can use that to compute the position at which the match /// state occurs. That in turn is used as an offset into this structure. #[derive(Clone, Debug)] struct MatchStates { /// Slices is a flattened sequence of pairs, where each pair points to a /// sub-slice of pattern_ids. The first element of the pair is an offset /// into pattern_ids and the second element of the pair is the number /// of 32-bit pattern IDs starting at that position. That is, each pair /// corresponds to a single DFA match state and its corresponding match /// IDs. The number of pairs always corresponds to the number of distinct /// DFA match states. /// /// In practice, T is either Vec or &[u32]. slices: T, /// A flattened sequence of pattern IDs for each DFA match state. The only /// way to correctly read this sequence is indirectly via `slices`. /// /// In practice, T is either Vec or &[u32]. pattern_ids: T, /// The total number of unique patterns represented by these match states. pattern_len: usize, } impl<'a> MatchStates<&'a [u32]> { unsafe fn from_bytes_unchecked( mut slice: &'a [u8], ) -> Result<(MatchStates<&'a [u32]>, usize), DeserializeError> { let slice_start = slice.as_ptr().as_usize(); // Read the total number of match states. let (state_len, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "match state length")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; // Read the slice start/length pairs. let pair_len = wire::mul(2, state_len, "match state offset pairs")?; let slices_bytes_len = wire::mul( pair_len, PatternID::SIZE, "match state slice offset byte length", )?; wire::check_slice_len(slice, slices_bytes_len, "match state slices")?; wire::check_alignment::(slice)?; let slices_bytes = &slice[..slices_bytes_len]; slice = &slice[slices_bytes_len..]; // SAFETY: Since PatternID is always representable as a u32, all we // need to do is ensure that we have the proper length and alignment. // We've checked both above, so the cast below is safe. // // N.B. This is one of the few not-safe snippets in this function, // so we mark it explicitly to call it out. let slices = core::slice::from_raw_parts( slices_bytes.as_ptr().cast::(), pair_len, ); // Read the total number of unique pattern IDs (which is always 1 more // than the maximum pattern ID in this automaton, since pattern IDs are // handed out contiguously starting at 0). let (pattern_len, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "pattern length")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; // Now read the pattern ID length. We don't need to store this // explicitly, but we need it to know how many pattern IDs to read. let (idlen, nr) = wire::try_read_u32_as_usize(slice, "pattern ID length")?; slice = &slice[nr..]; // Read the actual pattern IDs. let pattern_ids_len = wire::mul(idlen, PatternID::SIZE, "pattern ID byte length")?; wire::check_slice_len(slice, pattern_ids_len, "match pattern IDs")?; wire::check_alignment::(slice)?; let pattern_ids_bytes = &slice[..pattern_ids_len]; slice = &slice[pattern_ids_len..]; // SAFETY: Since PatternID is always representable as a u32, all we // need to do is ensure that we have the proper length and alignment. // We've checked both above, so the cast below is safe. // // N.B. This is one of the few not-safe snippets in this function, // so we mark it explicitly to call it out. let pattern_ids = core::slice::from_raw_parts( pattern_ids_bytes.as_ptr().cast::(), idlen, ); let ms = MatchStates { slices, pattern_ids, pattern_len }; Ok((ms, slice.as_ptr().as_usize() - slice_start)) } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl MatchStates> { fn empty(pattern_len: usize) -> MatchStates> { assert!(pattern_len <= PatternID::LIMIT); MatchStates { slices: vec![], pattern_ids: vec![], pattern_len } } fn new( matches: &BTreeMap>, pattern_len: usize, ) -> Result>, BuildError> { let mut m = MatchStates::empty(pattern_len); for (_, pids) in matches.iter() { let start = PatternID::new(m.pattern_ids.len()) .map_err(|_| BuildError::too_many_match_pattern_ids())?; m.slices.push(start.as_u32()); // This is always correct since the number of patterns in a single // match state can never exceed maximum number of allowable // patterns. Why? Because a pattern can only appear once in a // particular match state, by construction. (And since our pattern // ID limit is one less than u32::MAX, we're guaranteed that the // length fits in a u32.) m.slices.push(u32::try_from(pids.len()).unwrap()); for &pid in pids { m.pattern_ids.push(pid.as_u32()); } } m.pattern_len = pattern_len; Ok(m) } fn new_with_map( &self, matches: &BTreeMap>, ) -> Result>, BuildError> { MatchStates::new(matches, self.pattern_len) } } impl> MatchStates { /// Writes a serialized form of these match states to the buffer given. If /// the buffer is too small, then an error is returned. To determine how /// big the buffer must be, use `write_to_len`. fn write_to( &self, mut dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { let nwrite = self.write_to_len(); if dst.len() < nwrite { return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small("match states")); } dst = &mut dst[..nwrite]; // write state ID length // Unwrap is OK since number of states is guaranteed to fit in a u32. E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.len()).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write slice offset pairs for &pid in self.slices() { let n = wire::write_pattern_id::(pid, &mut dst); dst = &mut dst[n..]; } // write unique pattern ID length // Unwrap is OK since number of patterns is guaranteed to fit in a u32. E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.pattern_len).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write pattern ID length // Unwrap is OK since we check at construction (and deserialization) // that the number of patterns is representable as a u32. E::write_u32(u32::try_from(self.pattern_ids().len()).unwrap(), dst); dst = &mut dst[size_of::()..]; // write pattern IDs for &pid in self.pattern_ids() { let n = wire::write_pattern_id::(pid, &mut dst); dst = &mut dst[n..]; } Ok(nwrite) } /// Returns the number of bytes the serialized form of these match states /// will use. fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize { size_of::() // match state length + (self.slices().len() * PatternID::SIZE) + size_of::() // unique pattern ID length + size_of::() // pattern ID length + (self.pattern_ids().len() * PatternID::SIZE) } /// Valides that the match state info is itself internally consistent and /// consistent with the recorded match state region in the given DFA. fn validate(&self, dfa: &DFA) -> Result<(), DeserializeError> { if self.len() != dfa.special.match_len(dfa.stride()) { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "match state length mismatch", )); } for si in 0..self.len() { let start = self.slices()[si * 2].as_usize(); let len = self.slices()[si * 2 + 1].as_usize(); if start >= self.pattern_ids().len() { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "invalid pattern ID start offset", )); } if start + len > self.pattern_ids().len() { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "invalid pattern ID length", )); } for mi in 0..len { let pid = self.pattern_id(si, mi); if pid.as_usize() >= self.pattern_len { return Err(DeserializeError::generic( "invalid pattern ID", )); } } } Ok(()) } /// Converts these match states back into their map form. This is useful /// when shuffling states, as the normal MatchStates representation is not /// amenable to easy state swapping. But with this map, to swap id1 and /// id2, all you need to do is: /// /// if let Some(pids) = map.remove(&id1) { /// map.insert(id2, pids); /// } /// /// Once shuffling is done, use MatchStates::new to convert back. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn to_map(&self, dfa: &DFA) -> BTreeMap> { let mut map = BTreeMap::new(); for i in 0..self.len() { let mut pids = vec![]; for j in 0..self.pattern_len(i) { pids.push(self.pattern_id(i, j)); } map.insert(self.match_state_id(dfa, i), pids); } map } /// Converts these match states to a borrowed value. fn as_ref(&self) -> MatchStates<&'_ [u32]> { MatchStates { slices: self.slices.as_ref(), pattern_ids: self.pattern_ids.as_ref(), pattern_len: self.pattern_len, } } /// Converts these match states to an owned value. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn to_owned(&self) -> MatchStates> { MatchStates { slices: self.slices.as_ref().to_vec(), pattern_ids: self.pattern_ids.as_ref().to_vec(), pattern_len: self.pattern_len, } } /// Returns the match state ID given the match state index. (Where the /// first match state corresponds to index 0.) /// /// This panics if there is no match state at the given index. fn match_state_id(&self, dfa: &DFA, index: usize) -> StateID { assert!(dfa.special.matches(), "no match states to index"); // This is one of the places where we rely on the fact that match // states are contiguous in the transition table. Namely, that the // first match state ID always corresponds to dfa.special.min_start. // From there, since we know the stride, we can compute the ID of any // match state given its index. let stride2 = u32::try_from(dfa.stride2()).unwrap(); let offset = index.checked_shl(stride2).unwrap(); let id = dfa.special.min_match.as_usize().checked_add(offset).unwrap(); let sid = StateID::new(id).unwrap(); assert!(dfa.is_match_state(sid)); sid } /// Returns the pattern ID at the given match index for the given match /// state. /// /// The match state index is the state index minus the state index of the /// first match state in the DFA. /// /// The match index is the index of the pattern ID for the given state. /// The index must be less than `self.pattern_len(state_index)`. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn pattern_id(&self, state_index: usize, match_index: usize) -> PatternID { self.pattern_id_slice(state_index)[match_index] } /// Returns the number of patterns in the given match state. /// /// The match state index is the state index minus the state index of the /// first match state in the DFA. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn pattern_len(&self, state_index: usize) -> usize { self.slices()[state_index * 2 + 1].as_usize() } /// Returns all of the pattern IDs for the given match state index. /// /// The match state index is the state index minus the state index of the /// first match state in the DFA. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn pattern_id_slice(&self, state_index: usize) -> &[PatternID] { let start = self.slices()[state_index * 2].as_usize(); let len = self.pattern_len(state_index); &self.pattern_ids()[start..start + len] } /// Returns the pattern ID offset slice of u32 as a slice of PatternID. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn slices(&self) -> &[PatternID] { wire::u32s_to_pattern_ids(self.slices.as_ref()) } /// Returns the total number of match states. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn len(&self) -> usize { assert_eq!(0, self.slices().len() % 2); self.slices().len() / 2 } /// Returns the pattern ID slice of u32 as a slice of PatternID. #[cfg_attr(feature = "perf-inline", inline(always))] fn pattern_ids(&self) -> &[PatternID] { wire::u32s_to_pattern_ids(self.pattern_ids.as_ref()) } /// Return the memory usage, in bytes, of these match pairs. fn memory_usage(&self) -> usize { (self.slices().len() + self.pattern_ids().len()) * PatternID::SIZE } } /// A common set of flags for both dense and sparse DFAs. This primarily /// centralizes the serialization format of these flags at a bitset. #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] pub(crate) struct Flags { /// Whether the DFA can match the empty string. When this is false, all /// matches returned by this DFA are guaranteed to have non-zero length. pub(crate) has_empty: bool, /// Whether the DFA should only produce matches with spans that correspond /// to valid UTF-8. This also includes omitting any zero-width matches that /// split the UTF-8 encoding of a codepoint. pub(crate) is_utf8: bool, /// Whether the DFA is always anchored or not, regardless of `Input` /// configuration. This is useful for avoiding a reverse scan even when /// executing unanchored searches. pub(crate) is_always_start_anchored: bool, } impl Flags { /// Creates a set of flags for a DFA from an NFA. /// /// N.B. This constructor was defined at the time of writing because all /// of the flags are derived directly from the NFA. If this changes in the /// future, we might be more thoughtful about how the `Flags` value is /// itself built. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn from_nfa(nfa: &thompson::NFA) -> Flags { Flags { has_empty: nfa.has_empty(), is_utf8: nfa.is_utf8(), is_always_start_anchored: nfa.is_always_start_anchored(), } } /// Deserializes the flags from the given slice. On success, this also /// returns the number of bytes read from the slice. pub(crate) fn from_bytes( slice: &[u8], ) -> Result<(Flags, usize), DeserializeError> { let (bits, nread) = wire::try_read_u32(slice, "flag bitset")?; let flags = Flags { has_empty: bits & (1 << 0) != 0, is_utf8: bits & (1 << 1) != 0, is_always_start_anchored: bits & (1 << 2) != 0, }; Ok((flags, nread)) } /// Writes these flags to the given byte slice. If the buffer is too small, /// then an error is returned. To determine how big the buffer must be, /// use `write_to_len`. pub(crate) fn write_to( &self, dst: &mut [u8], ) -> Result { fn bool_to_int(b: bool) -> u32 { if b { 1 } else { 0 } } let nwrite = self.write_to_len(); if dst.len() < nwrite { return Err(SerializeError::buffer_too_small("flag bitset")); } let bits = (bool_to_int(self.has_empty) << 0) | (bool_to_int(self.is_utf8) << 1) | (bool_to_int(self.is_always_start_anchored) << 2); E::write_u32(bits, dst); Ok(nwrite) } /// Returns the number of bytes the serialized form of these flags /// will use. pub(crate) fn write_to_len(&self) -> usize { size_of::() } } /// An iterator over all states in a DFA. /// /// This iterator yields a tuple for each state. The first element of the /// tuple corresponds to a state's identifier, and the second element /// corresponds to the state itself (comprised of its transitions). /// /// `'a` corresponding to the lifetime of original DFA, `T` corresponds to /// the type of the transition table itself. pub(crate) struct StateIter<'a, T> { tt: &'a TransitionTable, it: iter::Enumerate>, } impl<'a, T: AsRef<[u32]>> Iterator for StateIter<'a, T> { type Item = State<'a>; fn next(&mut self) -> Option> { self.it.next().map(|(index, _)| { let id = self.tt.to_state_id(index); self.tt.state(id) }) } } /// An immutable representation of a single DFA state. /// /// `'a` correspondings to the lifetime of a DFA's transition table. pub(crate) struct State<'a> { id: StateID, stride2: usize, transitions: &'a [StateID], } impl<'a> State<'a> { /// Return an iterator over all transitions in this state. This yields /// a number of transitions equivalent to the alphabet length of the /// corresponding DFA. /// /// Each transition is represented by a tuple. The first element is /// the input byte for that transition and the second element is the /// transitions itself. pub(crate) fn transitions(&self) -> StateTransitionIter<'_> { StateTransitionIter { len: self.transitions.len(), it: self.transitions.iter().enumerate(), } } /// Return an iterator over a sparse representation of the transitions in /// this state. Only non-dead transitions are returned. /// /// The "sparse" representation in this case corresponds to a sequence of /// triples. The first two elements of the triple comprise an inclusive /// byte range while the last element corresponds to the transition taken /// for all bytes in the range. /// /// This is somewhat more condensed than the classical sparse /// representation (where you have an element for every non-dead /// transition), but in practice, checking if a byte is in a range is very /// cheap and using ranges tends to conserve quite a bit more space. pub(crate) fn sparse_transitions(&self) -> StateSparseTransitionIter<'_> { StateSparseTransitionIter { dense: self.transitions(), cur: None } } /// Returns the identifier for this state. pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> StateID { self.id } /// Analyzes this state to determine whether it can be accelerated. If so, /// it returns an accelerator that contains at least one byte. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] fn accelerate(&self, classes: &ByteClasses) -> Option { // We just try to add bytes to our accelerator. Once adding fails // (because we've added too many bytes), then give up. let mut accel = Accel::new(); for (class, id) in self.transitions() { if id == self.id() { continue; } for unit in classes.elements(class) { if let Some(byte) = unit.as_u8() { if !accel.add(byte) { return None; } } } } if accel.is_empty() { None } else { Some(accel) } } } impl<'a> fmt::Debug for State<'a> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { for (i, (start, end, sid)) in self.sparse_transitions().enumerate() { let id = if f.alternate() { sid.as_usize() } else { sid.as_usize() >> self.stride2 }; if i > 0 { write!(f, ", ")?; } if start == end { write!(f, "{:?} => {:?}", start, id)?; } else { write!(f, "{:?}-{:?} => {:?}", start, end, id)?; } } Ok(()) } } /// An iterator over all transitions in a single DFA state. This yields /// a number of transitions equivalent to the alphabet length of the /// corresponding DFA. /// /// Each transition is represented by a tuple. The first element is the input /// byte for that transition and the second element is the transition itself. #[derive(Debug)] pub(crate) struct StateTransitionIter<'a> { len: usize, it: iter::Enumerate>, } impl<'a> Iterator for StateTransitionIter<'a> { type Item = (alphabet::Unit, StateID); fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(alphabet::Unit, StateID)> { self.it.next().map(|(i, &id)| { let unit = if i + 1 == self.len { alphabet::Unit::eoi(i) } else { let b = u8::try_from(i) .expect("raw byte alphabet is never exceeded"); alphabet::Unit::u8(b) }; (unit, id) }) } } /// An iterator over all non-DEAD transitions in a single DFA state using a /// sparse representation. /// /// Each transition is represented by a triple. The first two elements of the /// triple comprise an inclusive byte range while the last element corresponds /// to the transition taken for all bytes in the range. /// /// As a convenience, this always returns `alphabet::Unit` values of the same /// type. That is, you'll never get a (byte, EOI) or a (EOI, byte). Only (byte, /// byte) and (EOI, EOI) values are yielded. #[derive(Debug)] pub(crate) struct StateSparseTransitionIter<'a> { dense: StateTransitionIter<'a>, cur: Option<(alphabet::Unit, alphabet::Unit, StateID)>, } impl<'a> Iterator for StateSparseTransitionIter<'a> { type Item = (alphabet::Unit, alphabet::Unit, StateID); fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(alphabet::Unit, alphabet::Unit, StateID)> { while let Some((unit, next)) = self.dense.next() { let (prev_start, prev_end, prev_next) = match self.cur { Some(t) => t, None => { self.cur = Some((unit, unit, next)); continue; } }; if prev_next == next && !unit.is_eoi() { self.cur = Some((prev_start, unit, prev_next)); } else { self.cur = Some((unit, unit, next)); if prev_next != DEAD { return Some((prev_start, prev_end, prev_next)); } } } if let Some((start, end, next)) = self.cur.take() { if next != DEAD { return Some((start, end, next)); } } None } } /// An error that occurred during the construction of a DFA. /// /// This error does not provide many introspection capabilities. There are /// generally only two things you can do with it: /// /// * Obtain a human readable message via its `std::fmt::Display` impl. /// * Access an underlying [`nfa::thompson::BuildError`](thompson::BuildError) /// type from its `source` method via the `std::error::Error` trait. This error /// only occurs when using convenience routines for building a DFA directly /// from a pattern string. /// /// When the `std` feature is enabled, this implements the `std::error::Error` /// trait. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pub struct BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind, } /// The kind of error that occurred during the construction of a DFA. /// /// Note that this error is non-exhaustive. Adding new variants is not /// considered a breaking change. #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] #[derive(Clone, Debug)] enum BuildErrorKind { /// An error that occurred while constructing an NFA as a precursor step /// before a DFA is compiled. NFA(thompson::BuildError), /// An error that occurred because an unsupported regex feature was used. /// The message string describes which unsupported feature was used. /// /// The primary regex feature that is unsupported by DFAs is the Unicode /// word boundary look-around assertion (`\b`). This can be worked around /// by either using an ASCII word boundary (`(?-u:\b)`) or by enabling /// Unicode word boundaries when building a DFA. Unsupported(&'static str), /// An error that occurs if too many states are produced while building a /// DFA. TooManyStates, /// An error that occurs if too many start states are needed while building /// a DFA. /// /// This is a kind of oddball error that occurs when building a DFA with /// start states enabled for each pattern and enough patterns to cause /// the table of start states to overflow `usize`. TooManyStartStates, /// This is another oddball error that can occur if there are too many /// patterns spread out across too many match states. TooManyMatchPatternIDs, /// An error that occurs if the DFA got too big during determinization. DFAExceededSizeLimit { limit: usize }, /// An error that occurs if auxiliary storage (not the DFA) used during /// determinization got too big. DeterminizeExceededSizeLimit { limit: usize }, } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl BuildError { /// Return the kind of this error. fn kind(&self) -> &BuildErrorKind { &self.kind } pub(crate) fn nfa(err: thompson::BuildError) -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::NFA(err) } } pub(crate) fn unsupported_dfa_word_boundary_unicode() -> BuildError { let msg = "cannot build DFAs for regexes with Unicode word \ boundaries; switch to ASCII word boundaries, or \ heuristically enable Unicode word boundaries or use a \ different regex engine"; BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::Unsupported(msg) } } pub(crate) fn too_many_states() -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::TooManyStates } } pub(crate) fn too_many_start_states() -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::TooManyStartStates } } pub(crate) fn too_many_match_pattern_ids() -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::TooManyMatchPatternIDs } } pub(crate) fn dfa_exceeded_size_limit(limit: usize) -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::DFAExceededSizeLimit { limit } } } pub(crate) fn determinize_exceeded_size_limit(limit: usize) -> BuildError { BuildError { kind: BuildErrorKind::DeterminizeExceededSizeLimit { limit }, } } } #[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "dfa-build"))] impl std::error::Error for BuildError { fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> { match self.kind() { BuildErrorKind::NFA(ref err) => Some(err), _ => None, } } } #[cfg(feature = "dfa-build")] impl core::fmt::Display for BuildError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result { match self.kind() { BuildErrorKind::NFA(_) => write!(f, "error building NFA"), BuildErrorKind::Unsupported(ref msg) => { write!(f, "unsupported regex feature for DFAs: {}", msg) } BuildErrorKind::TooManyStates => write!( f, "number of DFA states exceeds limit of {}", StateID::LIMIT, ), BuildErrorKind::TooManyStartStates => { let stride = Start::len(); // The start table has `stride` entries for starting states for // the entire DFA, and then `stride` entries for each pattern // if start states for each pattern are enabled (which is the // only way this error can occur). Thus, the total number of // patterns that can fit in the table is `stride` less than // what we can allocate. let max = usize::try_from(core::isize::MAX).unwrap(); let limit = (max - stride) / stride; write!( f, "compiling DFA with start states exceeds pattern \ pattern limit of {}", limit, ) } BuildErrorKind::TooManyMatchPatternIDs => write!( f, "compiling DFA with total patterns in all match states \ exceeds limit of {}", PatternID::LIMIT, ), BuildErrorKind::DFAExceededSizeLimit { limit } => write!( f, "DFA exceeded size limit of {:?} during determinization", limit, ), BuildErrorKind::DeterminizeExceededSizeLimit { limit } => { write!(f, "determinization exceeded size limit of {:?}", limit) } } } } #[cfg(all(test, feature = "syntax", feature = "dfa-build"))] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn errors_with_unicode_word_boundary() { let pattern = r"\b"; assert!(Builder::new().build(pattern).is_err()); } #[test] fn roundtrip_never_match() { let dfa = DFA::never_match().unwrap(); let (buf, _) = dfa.to_bytes_native_endian(); let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf).unwrap().0; assert_eq!(None, dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345")).unwrap()); } #[test] fn roundtrip_always_match() { use crate::HalfMatch; let dfa = DFA::always_match().unwrap(); let (buf, _) = dfa.to_bytes_native_endian(); let dfa: DFA<&[u32]> = DFA::from_bytes(&buf).unwrap().0; assert_eq!( Some(HalfMatch::must(0, 0)), dfa.try_search_fwd(&Input::new("foo12345")).unwrap() ); } // See the analogous test in src/hybrid/dfa.rs. #[test] fn heuristic_unicode_reverse() { let dfa = DFA::builder() .configure(DFA::config().unicode_word_boundary(true)) .thompson(thompson::Config::new().reverse(true)) .build(r"\b[0-9]+\b") .unwrap(); let input = Input::new("β123").range(2..); let expected = MatchError::quit(0xB2, 1); let got = dfa.try_search_rev(&input); assert_eq!(Err(expected), got); let input = Input::new("123β").range(..3); let expected = MatchError::quit(0xCE, 3); let got = dfa.try_search_rev(&input); assert_eq!(Err(expected), got); } }