// Copyright 2013-2015 The rust-url developers. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT license // , at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms. /*! rust-url is an implementation of the [URL Standard](http://url.spec.whatwg.org/) for the [Rust](http://rust-lang.org/) programming language. # URL parsing and data structures First, URL parsing may fail for various reasons and therefore returns a `Result`. ``` use url::{Url, ParseError}; assert!(Url::parse("http://[:::1]") == Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address)) ``` Let’s parse a valid URL and look at its components. ``` use url::{Url, Host, Position}; # use url::ParseError; # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { let issue_list_url = Url::parse( "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open" )?; assert!(issue_list_url.scheme() == "https"); assert!(issue_list_url.username() == ""); assert!(issue_list_url.password() == None); assert!(issue_list_url.host_str() == Some("github.com")); assert!(issue_list_url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("github.com"))); assert!(issue_list_url.port() == None); assert!(issue_list_url.path() == "/rust-lang/rust/issues"); assert!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::>()) == Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"])); assert!(issue_list_url.query() == Some("labels=E-easy&state=open")); assert!(&issue_list_url[Position::BeforePath..] == "/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open"); assert!(issue_list_url.fragment() == None); assert!(!issue_list_url.cannot_be_a_base()); # Ok(()) # } # run().unwrap(); ``` Some URLs are said to be *cannot-be-a-base*: they don’t have a username, password, host, or port, and their "path" is an arbitrary string rather than slash-separated segments: ``` use url::Url; # use url::ParseError; # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { let data_url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Hello?World#")?; assert!(data_url.cannot_be_a_base()); assert!(data_url.scheme() == "data"); assert!(data_url.path() == "text/plain,Hello"); assert!(data_url.path_segments().is_none()); assert!(data_url.query() == Some("World")); assert!(data_url.fragment() == Some("")); # Ok(()) # } # run().unwrap(); ``` ## Serde Enable the `serde` feature to include `Deserialize` and `Serialize` implementations for `url::Url`. # Base URL Many contexts allow URL *references* that can be relative to a *base URL*: ```html ``` Since parsed URLs are absolute, giving a base is required for parsing relative URLs: ``` use url::{Url, ParseError}; assert!(Url::parse("../main.css") == Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase)) ``` Use the `join` method on an `Url` to use it as a base URL: ``` use url::Url; # use url::ParseError; # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { let this_document = Url::parse("http://servo.github.io/rust-url/url/index.html")?; let css_url = this_document.join("../main.css")?; assert_eq!(css_url.as_str(), "http://servo.github.io/rust-url/main.css"); # Ok(()) # } # run().unwrap(); ``` # Feature: `serde` If you enable the `serde` feature, [`Url`](struct.Url.html) will implement [`serde::Serialize`](https://docs.rs/serde/1/serde/trait.Serialize.html) and [`serde::Deserialize`](https://docs.rs/serde/1/serde/trait.Deserialize.html). See [serde documentation](https://serde.rs) for more information. ```toml url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] } ``` # Feature: `debugger_visualizer` If you enable the `debugger_visualizer` feature, the `url` crate will include a [natvis file](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/create-custom-views-of-native-objects) for [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/) that allows you to view [`Url`](struct.Url.html) objects in the debugger. This feature requires Rust 1.71 or later. ```toml url = { version = "2", features = ["debugger_visualizer"] } ``` */ #![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/url/2.5.0")] #![cfg_attr( feature = "debugger_visualizer", debugger_visualizer(natvis_file = "../../debug_metadata/url.natvis") )] pub use form_urlencoded; #[cfg(feature = "serde")] extern crate serde; use crate::host::HostInternal; use crate::parser::{to_u32, Context, Parser, SchemeType, PATH_SEGMENT, USERINFO}; use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, percent_encode, utf8_percent_encode}; use std::borrow::Borrow; use std::cmp; use std::fmt::{self, Write}; use std::hash; use std::io; use std::mem; use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs}; use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo}; use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; use std::str; use std::convert::TryFrom; pub use crate::host::Host; pub use crate::origin::{OpaqueOrigin, Origin}; pub use crate::parser::{ParseError, SyntaxViolation}; pub use crate::path_segments::PathSegmentsMut; pub use crate::slicing::Position; pub use form_urlencoded::EncodingOverride; mod host; mod origin; mod parser; mod path_segments; mod slicing; #[doc(hidden)] pub mod quirks; /// A parsed URL record. #[derive(Clone)] pub struct Url { /// Syntax in pseudo-BNF: /// /// url = scheme ":" [ hierarchical | non-hierarchical ] [ "?" query ]? [ "#" fragment ]? /// non-hierarchical = non-hierarchical-path /// non-hierarchical-path = /* Does not start with "/" */ /// hierarchical = authority? hierarchical-path /// authority = "//" userinfo? host [ ":" port ]? /// userinfo = username [ ":" password ]? "@" /// hierarchical-path = [ "/" path-segment ]+ serialization: String, // Components scheme_end: u32, // Before ':' username_end: u32, // Before ':' (if a password is given) or '@' (if not) host_start: u32, host_end: u32, host: HostInternal, port: Option, path_start: u32, // Before initial '/', if any query_start: Option, // Before '?', unlike Position::QueryStart fragment_start: Option, // Before '#', unlike Position::FragmentStart } /// Full configuration for the URL parser. #[derive(Copy, Clone)] #[must_use] pub struct ParseOptions<'a> { base_url: Option<&'a Url>, encoding_override: EncodingOverride<'a>, violation_fn: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>, } impl<'a> ParseOptions<'a> { /// Change the base URL pub fn base_url(mut self, new: Option<&'a Url>) -> Self { self.base_url = new; self } /// Override the character encoding of query strings. /// This is a legacy concept only relevant for HTML. pub fn encoding_override(mut self, new: EncodingOverride<'a>) -> Self { self.encoding_override = new; self } /// Call the provided function or closure for a non-fatal `SyntaxViolation` /// when it occurs during parsing. Note that since the provided function is /// `Fn`, the caller might need to utilize _interior mutability_, such as with /// a `RefCell`, to collect the violations. /// /// ## Example /// ``` /// use std::cell::RefCell; /// use url::{Url, SyntaxViolation}; /// # use url::ParseError; /// # fn run() -> Result<(), url::ParseError> { /// let violations = RefCell::new(Vec::new()); /// let url = Url::options() /// .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&|v| violations.borrow_mut().push(v))) /// .parse("https:////example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/"); /// assert_eq!(violations.into_inner(), /// vec!(SyntaxViolation::ExpectedDoubleSlash)); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn syntax_violation_callback(mut self, new: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>) -> Self { self.violation_fn = new; self } /// Parse an URL string with the configuration so far. pub fn parse(self, input: &str) -> Result { Parser { serialization: String::with_capacity(input.len()), base_url: self.base_url, query_encoding_override: self.encoding_override, violation_fn: self.violation_fn, context: Context::UrlParser, } .parse_url(input) } } impl Url { /// Parse an absolute URL from a string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?; /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string, /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned. /// /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html #[inline] pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result { Url::options().parse(input) } /// Parse an absolute URL from a string and add params to its query string. /// /// Existing params are not removed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse_with_params("https://example.net?dont=clobberme", /// &[("lang", "rust"), ("browser", "servo")])?; /// assert_eq!("https://example.net/?dont=clobberme&lang=rust&browser=servo", url.as_str()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string, /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned. /// /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html #[inline] pub fn parse_with_params(input: &str, iter: I) -> Result where I: IntoIterator, I::Item: Borrow<(K, V)>, K: AsRef, V: AsRef, { let mut url = Url::options().parse(input); if let Ok(ref mut url) = url { url.query_pairs_mut().extend_pairs(iter); } url } /// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#potentially-strip-trailing-spaces-from-an-opaque-path fn strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path(&mut self) { if !self.cannot_be_a_base() { return; } if self.fragment_start.is_some() { return; } if self.query_start.is_some() { return; } let trailing_space_count = self .serialization .chars() .rev() .take_while(|c| *c == ' ') .count(); let start = self.serialization.len() - trailing_space_count; self.serialization.truncate(start); } /// Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL. /// /// The inverse of this is [`make_relative`]. /// /// Note: a trailing slash is significant. /// Without it, the last path component is considered to be a “file” name /// to be removed to get at the “directory” that is used as the base: /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?; /// let url = base.join("c.png")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/c.png"); // Not /a/b.html/c.png /// /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?; /// let url = base.join("c.png")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/b/c.png"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// If the function can not parse an URL from the given string /// with this URL as the base URL, a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned. /// /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html /// [`make_relative`]: #method.make_relative #[inline] pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result { Url::options().base_url(Some(self)).parse(input) } /// Creates a relative URL if possible, with this URL as the base URL. /// /// This is the inverse of [`join`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?; /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/c.png")?; /// let relative = base.make_relative(&url); /// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png")); /// /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?; /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/c.png")?; /// let relative = base.make_relative(&url); /// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png")); /// /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?; /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/d/c.png")?; /// let relative = base.make_relative(&url); /// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("../d/c.png")); /// /// let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?c=d")?; /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?e=f")?; /// let relative = base.make_relative(&url); /// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("?e=f")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// If this URL can't be a base for the given URL, `None` is returned. /// This is for example the case if the scheme, host or port are not the same. /// /// [`join`]: #method.join pub fn make_relative(&self, url: &Url) -> Option { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { return None; } // Scheme, host and port need to be the same if self.scheme() != url.scheme() || self.host() != url.host() || self.port() != url.port() { return None; } // We ignore username/password at this point // The path has to be transformed let mut relative = String::new(); // Extract the filename of both URIs, these need to be handled separately fn extract_path_filename(s: &str) -> (&str, &str) { let last_slash_idx = s.rfind('/').unwrap_or(0); let (path, filename) = s.split_at(last_slash_idx); if filename.is_empty() { (path, "") } else { (path, &filename[1..]) } } let (base_path, base_filename) = extract_path_filename(self.path()); let (url_path, url_filename) = extract_path_filename(url.path()); let mut base_path = base_path.split('/').peekable(); let mut url_path = url_path.split('/').peekable(); // Skip over the common prefix while base_path.peek().is_some() && base_path.peek() == url_path.peek() { base_path.next(); url_path.next(); } // Add `..` segments for the remainder of the base path for base_path_segment in base_path { // Skip empty last segments if base_path_segment.is_empty() { break; } if !relative.is_empty() { relative.push('/'); } relative.push_str(".."); } // Append the remainder of the other URI for url_path_segment in url_path { if !relative.is_empty() { relative.push('/'); } relative.push_str(url_path_segment); } // Add the filename if they are not the same if !relative.is_empty() || base_filename != url_filename { // If the URIs filename is empty this means that it was a directory // so we'll have to append a '/'. // // Otherwise append it directly as the new filename. if url_filename.is_empty() { relative.push('/'); } else { if !relative.is_empty() { relative.push('/'); } relative.push_str(url_filename); } } // Query and fragment are only taken from the other URI if let Some(query) = url.query() { relative.push('?'); relative.push_str(query); } if let Some(fragment) = url.fragment() { relative.push('#'); relative.push_str(fragment); } Some(relative) } /// Return a default `ParseOptions` that can fully configure the URL parser. /// /// # Examples /// /// Get default `ParseOptions`, then change base url /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let options = Url::options(); /// let api = Url::parse("https://api.example.com")?; /// let base_url = options.base_url(Some(&api)); /// let version_url = base_url.parse("version.json")?; /// assert_eq!(version_url.as_str(), "https://api.example.com/version.json"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn options<'a>() -> ParseOptions<'a> { ParseOptions { base_url: None, encoding_override: None, violation_fn: None, } } /// Return the serialization of this URL. /// /// This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the `Url` struct. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url_str = "https://example.net/"; /// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), url_str); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str { &self.serialization } /// Return the serialization of this URL. /// /// This consumes the `Url` and takes ownership of the `String` stored in it. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url_str = "https://example.net/"; /// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?; /// assert_eq!(String::from(url), url_str); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] #[deprecated(since = "2.3.0", note = "use Into")] pub fn into_string(self) -> String { self.into() } /// For internal testing, not part of the public API. /// /// Methods of the `Url` struct assume a number of invariants. /// This checks each of these invariants and panic if one is not met. /// This is for testing rust-url itself. #[doc(hidden)] pub fn check_invariants(&self) -> Result<(), String> { macro_rules! assert { ($x: expr) => { if !$x { return Err(format!( "!( {} ) for URL {:?}", stringify!($x), self.serialization )); } }; } macro_rules! assert_eq { ($a: expr, $b: expr) => { { let a = $a; let b = $b; if a != b { return Err(format!("{:?} != {:?} ({} != {}) for URL {:?}", a, b, stringify!($a), stringify!($b), self.serialization)) } } } } assert!(self.scheme_end >= 1); assert!(self.byte_at(0).is_ascii_alphabetic()); assert!(self .slice(1..self.scheme_end) .chars() .all(|c| matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '+' | '-' | '.'))); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end), b':'); if self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1..).starts_with("//") { // URL with authority if self.username_end != self.serialization.len() as u32 { match self.byte_at(self.username_end) { b':' => { assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end + 2); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1), b'@'); } b'@' => assert!(self.host_start == self.username_end + 1), _ => assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 3), } } assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end); assert!(self.host_end >= self.host_start); let host_str = self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end); match self.host { HostInternal::None => assert_eq!(host_str, ""), HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => assert_eq!(host_str, address.to_string()), HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => { let h: Host = Host::Ipv6(address); assert_eq!(host_str, h.to_string()) } HostInternal::Domain => { if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() { assert!(!host_str.is_empty()) } } } if self.path_start == self.host_end { assert_eq!(self.port, None); } else { assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_end), b':'); let port_str = self.slice(self.host_end + 1..self.path_start); assert_eq!( self.port, Some(port_str.parse::().expect("Couldn't parse port?")) ); } assert!( self.path_start as usize == self.serialization.len() || matches!(self.byte_at(self.path_start), b'/' | b'#' | b'?') ); } else { // Anarchist URL (no authority) assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host_start, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host_end, self.scheme_end + 1); assert_eq!(self.host, HostInternal::None); assert_eq!(self.port, None); if self.path().starts_with("//") { // special case when first path segment is empty assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end + 1), b'/'); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end + 2), b'.'); assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 3); } else { assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 1); } } if let Some(start) = self.query_start { assert!(start >= self.path_start); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'?'); } if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start { assert!(start >= self.path_start); assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'#'); } if let (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) = (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { assert!(fragment_start > query_start); } let other = Url::parse(self.as_str()).expect("Failed to parse myself?"); assert_eq!(&self.serialization, &other.serialization); assert_eq!(self.scheme_end, other.scheme_end); assert_eq!(self.username_end, other.username_end); assert_eq!(self.host_start, other.host_start); assert_eq!(self.host_end, other.host_end); assert!( self.host == other.host || // XXX No host round-trips to empty host. // See https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/79 (self.host_str(), other.host_str()) == (None, Some("")) ); assert_eq!(self.port, other.port); assert_eq!(self.path_start, other.path_start); assert_eq!(self.query_start, other.query_start); assert_eq!(self.fragment_start, other.fragment_start); Ok(()) } /// Return the origin of this URL () /// /// Note: this returns an opaque origin for `file:` URLs, which causes /// `url.origin() != url.origin()`. /// /// # Examples /// /// URL with `ftp` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://example.com/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.origin(), /// Origin::Tuple("ftp".into(), /// Host::Domain("example.com".into()), /// 21)); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// URL with `blob` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("blob:https://example.com/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.origin(), /// Origin::Tuple("https".into(), /// Host::Domain("example.com".into()), /// 443)); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// URL with `file` scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?; /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple()); /// /// let other_url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?; /// assert!(url.origin() != other_url.origin()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// URL with other scheme: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Host, Origin, Url}; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("foo:bar")?; /// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin { origin::url_origin(self) } /// Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ':' delimiter. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "file"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str { self.slice(..self.scheme_end) } /// Return whether the URL is special (has a special scheme) /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// assert!(Url::parse("http:///tmp/foo")?.is_special()); /// assert!(Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?.is_special()); /// assert!(!Url::parse("moz:///tmp/foo")?.is_special()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn is_special(&self) -> bool { let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); scheme_type.is_special() } /// Return whether the URL has an 'authority', /// which can contain a username, password, host, and port number. /// /// URLs that do *not* are either path-only like `unix:/run/foo.socket` /// or cannot-be-a-base like `data:text/plain,Stuff`. /// /// See also the `authority` method. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert!(url.has_authority()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert!(!url.has_authority()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?; /// assert!(!url.has_authority()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':'); self.slice(self.scheme_end..).starts_with("://") } /// Return the authority of this URL as an ASCII string. /// /// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host /// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. /// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets. /// Ports are omitted if they match the well known port of a special URL. /// /// Username and password are percent-encoded. /// /// See also the `has_authority` method. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert_eq!(url.authority(), ""); /// let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.authority(), ""); /// let url = Url::parse("https://user:password@example.com/tmp/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "user:password@example.com"); /// let url = Url::parse("irc://àlex.рф.example.com:6667/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "%C3%A0lex.%D1%80%D1%84.example.com:6667"); /// let url = Url::parse("http://àlex.рф.example.com:80/foo")?; /// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "xn--lex-8ka.xn--p1ai.example.com"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn authority(&self) -> &str { let scheme_separator_len = "://".len() as u32; if self.has_authority() && self.path_start > self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len { self.slice(self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len..self.path_start) } else { "" } } /// Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL, /// meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error. /// /// This is the case if the scheme and `:` delimiter are not followed by a `/` slash, /// as is typically the case of `data:` and `mailto:` URLs. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?; /// assert!(url.cannot_be_a_base()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool { !self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1..).starts_with('/') } /// Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string) /// as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "rms"); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.username(), ""); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.username(), ""); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn username(&self) -> &str { let scheme_separator_len = "://".len() as u32; if self.has_authority() && self.username_end > self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len { self.slice(self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len..self.username_end) } else { "" } } /// Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms:secret123@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.password(), None); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str> { // This ':' is not the one marking a port number since a host can not be empty. // (Except for file: URLs, which do not have port numbers.) if self.has_authority() && self.username_end != self.serialization.len() as u32 && self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@'); Some(self.slice(self.username_end + 1..self.host_start - 1)) } else { None } } /// Equivalent to `url.host().is_some()`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert!(url.has_host()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert!(!url.has_host()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?; /// assert!(!url.has_host()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool { !matches!(self.host, HostInternal::None) } /// Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any. /// /// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host /// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. /// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets. /// /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs /// don’t have a host. /// /// See also the `host` method. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?; /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("example.com")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?; /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str> { if self.has_host() { Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)) } else { None } } /// Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL. /// Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host /// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. /// /// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs /// don’t have a host. /// /// See also the `host_str` method. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?; /// assert!(url.host().is_some()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?; /// assert!(url.host().is_some()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?; /// assert!(url.host().is_none()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?; /// assert!(url.host().is_none()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn host(&self) -> Option> { match self.host { HostInternal::None => None, HostInternal::Domain => Some(Host::Domain(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))), HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => Some(Host::Ipv4(address)), HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => Some(Host::Ipv6(address)), } } /// If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it. /// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host /// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/")?; /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?; /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/")?; /// assert_eq!(url.domain(), Some("example.com")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str> { match self.host { HostInternal::Domain => Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)), _ => None, } } /// Return the port number for this URL, if any. /// /// Note that default port numbers are never reflected by the serialization, /// use the `port_or_known_default()` method if you want a default port number returned. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com:443/")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("ssh://example.com:22")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(22)); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn port(&self) -> Option { self.port } /// Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known. /// /// This method only knows the default port number /// of the `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss` and `ftp` schemes. /// /// For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns `Some(_)`. /// For other schemes, it is the same as `Url::port()`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com:1456")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(1456)); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443)); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option { self.port.or_else(|| parser::default_port(self.scheme())) } /// Resolve a URL’s host and port number to `SocketAddr`. /// /// If the URL has the default port number of a scheme that is unknown to this library, /// `default_port_number` provides an opportunity to provide the actual port number. /// In non-example code this should be implemented either simply as `|| None`, /// or by matching on the URL’s `.scheme()`. /// /// If the host is a domain, it is resolved using the standard library’s DNS support. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.net/").unwrap(); /// let addrs = url.socket_addrs(|| None).unwrap(); /// std::net::TcpStream::connect(&*addrs) /// # ; /// ``` /// /// ``` /// /// With application-specific known default port numbers /// fn socket_addrs(url: url::Url) -> std::io::Result> { /// url.socket_addrs(|| match url.scheme() { /// "socks5" | "socks5h" => Some(1080), /// _ => None, /// }) /// } /// ``` pub fn socket_addrs( &self, default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option, ) -> io::Result> { // Note: trying to avoid the Vec allocation by returning `impl AsRef<[SocketAddr]>` // causes borrowck issues because the return value borrows `default_port_number`: // // https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1951-expand-impl-trait.md#scoping-for-type-and-lifetime-parameters // // > This RFC proposes that *all* type parameters are considered in scope // > for `impl Trait` in return position fn io_result(opt: Option, message: &str) -> io::Result { opt.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, message)) } let host = io_result(self.host(), "No host name in the URL")?; let port = io_result( self.port_or_known_default().or_else(default_port_number), "No port number in the URL", )?; Ok(match host { Host::Domain(domain) => (domain, port).to_socket_addrs()?.collect(), Host::Ipv4(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()], Host::Ipv6(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()], }) } /// Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with '/'. /// For other URLs, this starts with a '/' slash /// and continues with slash-separated path segments. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api/versions?page=2")?; /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/versions"); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/"); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?; /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/countries/vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn path(&self) -> &str { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (None, None) => self.slice(self.path_start..), (Some(next_component_start), _) | (None, Some(next_component_start)) => { self.slice(self.path_start..next_component_start) } } } /// Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base, /// return an iterator of '/' slash-separated path segments, /// each as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// Return `None` for cannot-be-a-base URLs. /// /// When `Some` is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string /// (which may be empty). /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use std::error::Error; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/foo/bar")?; /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?; /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("foo")); /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("bar")); /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?; /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("")); /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None); /// /// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,HelloWorld")?; /// assert!(url.path_segments().is_none()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?; /// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?; /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("countries")); /// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option> { let path = self.path(); path.strip_prefix('/').map(|remainder| remainder.split('/')) } /// Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2")?; /// let query = url.query(); /// assert_eq!(query, Some("page=2")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?; /// let query = url.query(); /// assert!(query.is_none()); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/?country=español")?; /// let query = url.query(); /// assert_eq!(query, Some("country=espa%C3%B1ol")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str> { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (None, _) => None, (Some(query_start), None) => { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?'); Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..)) } (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) => { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?'); Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..fragment_start)) } } } /// Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` /// and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use std::borrow::Cow; /// /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2&sort=desc")?; /// let mut pairs = url.query_pairs(); /// /// assert_eq!(pairs.count(), 2); /// /// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("page"), Cow::Borrowed("2")))); /// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("sort"), Cow::Borrowed("desc")))); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> form_urlencoded::Parse<'_> { form_urlencoded::parse(self.query().unwrap_or("").as_bytes()) } /// Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any. /// /// A fragment is the part of the URL after the `#` symbol. /// The fragment is optional and, if present, contains a fragment identifier /// that identifies a secondary resource, such as a section heading /// of a document. /// /// In HTML, the fragment identifier is usually the id attribute of a an element /// that is scrolled to on load. Browsers typically will not send the fragment portion /// of a URL to the server. /// /// **Note:** the parser did *not* percent-encode this component, /// but the input may have been percent-encoded already. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#row=4")?; /// /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("row=4")); /// /// let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2")?; /// /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str> { self.fragment_start.map(|start| { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); self.slice(start + 1..) }) } fn mutate) -> R, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R { let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(mem::take(&mut self.serialization)); let result = f(&mut parser); self.serialization = parser.serialization; result } /// Change this URL’s fragment identifier. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv"); /// url.set_fragment(Some("cell=4,1-6,2")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2"); /// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2")); /// /// url.set_fragment(None); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv"); /// assert!(url.fragment().is_none()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn set_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<&str>) { // Remove any previous fragment if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); } // Write the new one if let Some(input) = fragment { self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('#'); self.mutate(|parser| parser.parse_fragment(parser::Input::new_no_trim(input))) } else { self.fragment_start = None; self.strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path(); } } fn take_fragment(&mut self) -> Option { self.fragment_start.take().map(|start| { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#'); let fragment = self.slice(start + 1..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); fragment }) } fn restore_already_parsed_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option) { if let Some(ref fragment) = fragment { assert!(self.fragment_start.is_none()); self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('#'); self.serialization.push_str(fragment); } } /// Change this URL’s query string. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products"); /// /// url.set_query(Some("page=2")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products?page=2"); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("page=2")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn set_query(&mut self, query: Option<&str>) { let fragment = self.take_fragment(); // Remove any previous query if let Some(start) = self.query_start.take() { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?'); self.serialization.truncate(start as usize); } // Write the new query, if any if let Some(input) = query { self.query_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('?'); let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); let scheme_end = self.scheme_end; self.mutate(|parser| { let vfn = parser.violation_fn; parser.parse_query( scheme_type, scheme_end, parser::Input::new_trim_tab_and_newlines(input, vfn), ) }); } else { self.query_start = None; if fragment.is_none() { self.strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path(); } } self.restore_already_parsed_fragment(fragment); } /// Manipulate this URL’s query string, viewed as a sequence of name/value pairs /// in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax. /// /// The return value has a method-chaining API: /// /// ```rust /// # use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net?lang=fr#nav")?; /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr")); /// /// url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair("foo", "bar"); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr&foo=bar")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/?lang=fr&foo=bar#nav"); /// /// url.query_pairs_mut() /// .clear() /// .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz") /// .append_pair("saisons", "\u{00C9}t\u{00E9}+hiver"); /// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), /// "https://example.net/?foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver#nav"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Note: `url.query_pairs_mut().clear();` is equivalent to `url.set_query(Some(""))`, /// not `url.set_query(None)`. /// /// The state of `Url` is unspecified if this return value is leaked without being dropped. pub fn query_pairs_mut(&mut self) -> form_urlencoded::Serializer<'_, UrlQuery<'_>> { let fragment = self.take_fragment(); let query_start; if let Some(start) = self.query_start { debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?'); query_start = start as usize; } else { query_start = self.serialization.len(); self.query_start = Some(to_u32(query_start).unwrap()); self.serialization.push('?'); } let query = UrlQuery { url: Some(self), fragment, }; form_urlencoded::Serializer::for_suffix(query, query_start + "?".len()) } fn take_after_path(&mut self) -> String { match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) { (Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => { let after_path = self.slice(i..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(i as usize); after_path } (None, None) => String::new(), } } /// Change this URL’s path. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// url.set_path("api/comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/api/comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/comments"); /// /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api")?; /// url.set_path("data/report.csv"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data/report.csv"); /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/data/report.csv"); /// /// // `set_path` percent-encodes the given string if it's not already percent-encoded. /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// url.set_path("api/some comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/api/some%20comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/some%20comments"); /// /// // `set_path` will not double percent-encode the string if it's already percent-encoded. /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?; /// url.set_path("api/some%20comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/api/some%20comments"); /// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/some%20comments"); /// /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` pub fn set_path(&mut self, mut path: &str) { let after_path = self.take_after_path(); let old_after_path_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let cannot_be_a_base = self.cannot_be_a_base(); let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); self.serialization.truncate(self.path_start as usize); self.mutate(|parser| { if cannot_be_a_base { if path.starts_with('/') { parser.serialization.push_str("%2F"); path = &path[1..]; } parser.parse_cannot_be_a_base_path(parser::Input::new_no_trim(path)); } else { let mut has_host = true; // FIXME parser.parse_path_start( scheme_type, &mut has_host, parser::Input::new_no_trim(path), ); } }); self.restore_after_path(old_after_path_pos, &after_path); } /// Return an object with methods to manipulate this URL’s path segments. /// /// Return `Err(())` if this URL is cannot-be-a-base. #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn path_segments_mut(&mut self) -> Result, ()> { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { Err(()) } else { Ok(path_segments::new(self)) } } fn restore_after_path(&mut self, old_after_path_position: u32, after_path: &str) { let new_after_path_position = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_after_path_position; *index += new_after_path_position; }; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(after_path) } /// Change this URL’s port number. /// /// Note that default port numbers are not reflected in the serialization. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, does not have a host, or has the `file` scheme; /// do nothing and return `Err`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use std::error::Error; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("ssh://example.net:2048/")?; /// /// url.set_port(Some(4096)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net:4096/"); /// /// url.set_port(None).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Known default port numbers are not reflected: /// /// ```rust /// use url::Url; /// # use std::error::Error; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.org/")?; /// /// url.set_port(Some(443)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?; /// assert!(url.port().is_none()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot set port for cannot-be-a-base URLs: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?; /// /// let result = url.set_port(Some(80)); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// /// let result = url.set_port(None); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn set_port(&mut self, mut port: Option) -> Result<(), ()> { // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" { return Err(()); } if port.is_some() && port == parser::default_port(self.scheme()) { port = None } self.set_port_internal(port); Ok(()) } fn set_port_internal(&mut self, port: Option) { match (self.port, port) { (None, None) => {} (Some(_), None) => { self.serialization .drain(self.host_end as usize..self.path_start as usize); let offset = self.path_start - self.host_end; self.path_start = self.host_end; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } (Some(old), Some(new)) if old == new => {} (_, Some(new)) => { let path_and_after = self.slice(self.path_start..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.host_end as usize); write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", new).unwrap(); let old_path_start = self.path_start; let new_path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.path_start = new_path_start; let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_path_start; *index += new_path_start; }; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(&path_and_after); } } self.port = port; } /// Change this URL’s host. /// /// Removing the host (calling this with `None`) /// will also remove any username, password, and port number. /// /// # Examples /// /// Change host: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org")); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://rust-lang.org/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Remove host: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_host(None); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo:/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot remove host for 'special' schemes (e.g. `http`): /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_host(None); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot change or remove host for cannot-be-a-base URLs: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?; /// /// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org")); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net"); /// /// let result = url.set_host(None); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or there is an error parsing the given `host`, /// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned. /// /// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html pub fn set_host(&mut self, host: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseError> { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { return Err(ParseError::SetHostOnCannotBeABaseUrl); } let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); if let Some(host) = host { if host.is_empty() && scheme_type.is_special() && !scheme_type.is_file() { return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost); } let mut host_substr = host; // Otherwise, if c is U+003A (:) and the [] flag is unset, then if !host.starts_with('[') || !host.ends_with(']') { match host.find(':') { Some(0) => { // If buffer is the empty string, validation error, return failure. return Err(ParseError::InvalidDomainCharacter); } // Let host be the result of host parsing buffer Some(colon_index) => { host_substr = &host[..colon_index]; } None => {} } } if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() { self.set_host_internal(Host::parse(host_substr)?, None); } else { self.set_host_internal(Host::parse_opaque(host_substr)?, None); } } else if self.has_host() { if scheme_type.is_special() && !scheme_type.is_file() { return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost); } else if self.serialization.len() == self.path_start as usize { self.serialization.push('/'); } debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':'); debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.path_start) == b'/'); let new_path_start = if scheme_type.is_file() { self.scheme_end + 3 } else { self.scheme_end + 1 }; self.serialization .drain(new_path_start as usize..self.path_start as usize); let offset = self.path_start - new_path_start; self.path_start = new_path_start; self.username_end = new_path_start; self.host_start = new_path_start; self.host_end = new_path_start; self.port = None; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } Ok(()) } /// opt_new_port: None means leave unchanged, Some(None) means remove any port number. fn set_host_internal(&mut self, host: Host, opt_new_port: Option>) { let old_suffix_pos = if opt_new_port.is_some() { self.path_start } else { self.host_end }; let suffix = self.slice(old_suffix_pos..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.host_start as usize); if !self.has_authority() { debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..self.host_start) == ":"); debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start); self.serialization.push('/'); self.serialization.push('/'); self.username_end += 2; self.host_start += 2; } write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap(); self.host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.host = host.into(); if let Some(new_port) = opt_new_port { self.port = new_port; if let Some(port) = new_port { write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", port).unwrap(); } } let new_suffix_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); self.serialization.push_str(&suffix); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_suffix_pos; *index += new_suffix_pos; }; adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } } /// Change this URL’s host to the given IP address. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, do nothing and return `Err`. /// /// Compared to `Url::set_host`, this skips the host parser. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.com")?; /// url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap()); /// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1")); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://127.0.0.1/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot change URL's from mailto(cannot-be-base) to ip: /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.com")?; /// let result = url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap()); /// /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.com"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn set_ip_host(&mut self, address: IpAddr) -> Result<(), ()> { if self.cannot_be_a_base() { return Err(()); } let address = match address { IpAddr::V4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address), IpAddr::V6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address), }; self.set_host_internal(address, None); Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s password. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?; /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password")); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user1:secret1@example.com")?; /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password")); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret_password")); /// /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user2:@example.com")?; /// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret2")); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret2")); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ()> { // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" { return Err(()); } let password = password.unwrap_or_default(); if !password.is_empty() { let host_and_after = self.slice(self.host_start..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(self.username_end as usize); self.serialization.push(':'); self.serialization .extend(utf8_percent_encode(password, USERINFO)); self.serialization.push('@'); let old_host_start = self.host_start; let new_host_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_host_start; *index += new_host_start; }; self.host_start = new_host_start; adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } self.serialization.push_str(&host_and_after); } else if self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' { // If there is a password to remove let has_username_or_password = self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@'; debug_assert!(has_username_or_password); let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3; let empty_username = username_start == self.username_end; let start = self.username_end; // Remove the ':' let end = if empty_username { self.host_start // Remove the '@' as well } else { self.host_start - 1 // Keep the '@' to separate the username from the host }; self.serialization.drain(start as usize..end as usize); let offset = end - start; self.host_start -= offset; self.host_end -= offset; self.path_start -= offset; if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { *index -= offset } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { *index -= offset } } Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s username. /// /// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`. /// # Examples /// /// Cannot setup username from mailto(cannot-be-base) /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?; /// let result = url.set_username("user1"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rmz@example.com"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Setup username to user1 /// /// ```rust /// use url::{Url, ParseError}; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://:secre1@example.com/")?; /// let result = url.set_username("user1"); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(url.username(), "user1"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ftp://user1:secre1@example.com/"); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: &str) -> Result<(), ()> { // has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" { return Err(()); } let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3; debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..username_start) == "://"); if self.slice(username_start..self.username_end) == username { return Ok(()); } let after_username = self.slice(self.username_end..).to_owned(); self.serialization.truncate(username_start as usize); self.serialization .extend(utf8_percent_encode(username, USERINFO)); let mut removed_bytes = self.username_end; self.username_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let mut added_bytes = self.username_end; let new_username_is_empty = self.username_end == username_start; match (new_username_is_empty, after_username.chars().next()) { (true, Some('@')) => { removed_bytes += 1; self.serialization.push_str(&after_username[1..]); } (false, Some('@')) | (_, Some(':')) | (true, _) => { self.serialization.push_str(&after_username); } (false, _) => { added_bytes += 1; self.serialization.push('@'); self.serialization.push_str(&after_username); } } let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= removed_bytes; *index += added_bytes; }; adjust(&mut self.host_start); adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } Ok(()) } /// Change this URL’s scheme. /// /// Do nothing and return `Err` under the following circumstances: /// /// * If the new scheme is not in `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+` /// * If this URL is cannot-be-a-base and the new scheme is one of /// `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss` or `ftp` /// * If either the old or new scheme is `http`, `https`, `ws`, /// `wss` or `ftp` and the other is not one of these /// * If the new scheme is `file` and this URL includes credentials /// or has a non-null port /// * If this URL's scheme is `file` and its host is empty or null /// /// See also [the URL specification's section on legal scheme state /// overrides](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#scheme-state). /// /// # Examples /// /// Change the URL’s scheme from `https` to `http`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("http"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://example.net/"); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// Change the URL’s scheme from `foo` to `bar`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("bar"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "bar://example.net"); /// assert!(result.is_ok()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `https` to `foõ`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("foõ"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// /// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `mailto` (cannot-be-a-base) to `https`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("https"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// Cannot change the URL’s scheme from `foo` to `https`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("https"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo://example.net"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` /// Cannot change the URL’s scheme from `http` to `foo`: /// /// ``` /// use url::Url; /// # use url::ParseError; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> { /// let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.net")?; /// let result = url.set_scheme("foo"); /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://example.net/"); /// assert!(result.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// ``` #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err, clippy::suspicious_operation_groupings)] pub fn set_scheme(&mut self, scheme: &str) -> Result<(), ()> { let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(String::new()); let remaining = parser.parse_scheme(parser::Input::new_no_trim(scheme))?; let new_scheme_type = SchemeType::from(&parser.serialization); let old_scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme()); // If url’s scheme is a special scheme and buffer is not a special scheme, then return. if (new_scheme_type.is_special() && !old_scheme_type.is_special()) || // If url’s scheme is not a special scheme and buffer is a special scheme, then return. (!new_scheme_type.is_special() && old_scheme_type.is_special()) || // If url includes credentials or has a non-null port, and buffer is "file", then return. // If url’s scheme is "file" and its host is an empty host or null, then return. (new_scheme_type.is_file() && self.has_authority()) { return Err(()); } if !remaining.is_empty() || (!self.has_host() && new_scheme_type.is_special()) { return Err(()); } let old_scheme_end = self.scheme_end; let new_scheme_end = to_u32(parser.serialization.len()).unwrap(); let adjust = |index: &mut u32| { *index -= old_scheme_end; *index += new_scheme_end; }; self.scheme_end = new_scheme_end; adjust(&mut self.username_end); adjust(&mut self.host_start); adjust(&mut self.host_end); adjust(&mut self.path_start); if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start { adjust(index) } if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start { adjust(index) } parser.serialization.push_str(self.slice(old_scheme_end..)); self.serialization = parser.serialization; // Update the port so it can be removed // If it is the scheme's default // we don't mind it silently failing // if there was no port in the first place let previous_port = self.port(); let _ = self.set_port(previous_port); Ok(()) } /// Convert a file name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme. /// /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or, /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`). /// /// # Examples /// /// On Unix-like platforms: /// /// ``` /// # if cfg!(unix) { /// use url::Url; /// /// # fn run() -> Result<(), ()> { /// let url = Url::from_file_path("/tmp/foo.txt")?; /// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file:///tmp/foo.txt"); /// /// let url = Url::from_file_path("../foo.txt"); /// assert!(url.is_err()); /// /// let url = Url::from_file_path("https://google.com/"); /// assert!(url.is_err()); /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # run().unwrap(); /// # } /// ``` #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))] #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn from_file_path>(path: P) -> Result { let mut serialization = "file://".to_owned(); let host_start = serialization.len() as u32; let (host_end, host) = path_to_file_url_segments(path.as_ref(), &mut serialization)?; Ok(Url { serialization, scheme_end: "file".len() as u32, username_end: host_start, host_start, host_end, host, port: None, path_start: host_end, query_start: None, fragment_start: None, }) } /// Convert a directory name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme. /// /// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or, /// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`). /// /// Compared to `from_file_path`, this ensure that URL’s the path has a trailing slash /// so that the entire path is considered when using this URL as a base URL. /// /// For example: /// /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/var/www"))` /// as the base URL is `file:///var/www/index.html` /// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_file_path(Path::new("/var/www"))` /// as the base URL is `file:///var/index.html`, which might not be what was intended. /// /// Note that `std::path` does not consider trailing slashes significant /// and usually does not include them (e.g. in `Path::parent()`). #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))] #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn from_directory_path>(path: P) -> Result { let mut url = Url::from_file_path(path)?; if !url.serialization.ends_with('/') { url.serialization.push('/') } Ok(url) } /// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct. /// /// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking /// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl. /// /// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature = "serde")] #[deny(unused)] pub fn serialize_internal(&self, serializer: S) -> Result where S: serde::Serializer, { use serde::Serialize; // Destructuring first lets us ensure that adding or removing fields forces this method // to be updated let Url { ref serialization, ref scheme_end, ref username_end, ref host_start, ref host_end, ref host, ref port, ref path_start, ref query_start, ref fragment_start, } = *self; ( serialization, scheme_end, username_end, host_start, host_end, host, port, path_start, query_start, fragment_start, ) .serialize(serializer) } /// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct. /// /// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking /// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl. /// /// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature = "serde")] #[deny(unused)] pub fn deserialize_internal<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result where D: serde::Deserializer<'de>, { use serde::de::{Deserialize, Error, Unexpected}; let ( serialization, scheme_end, username_end, host_start, host_end, host, port, path_start, query_start, fragment_start, ) = Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?; let url = Url { serialization, scheme_end, username_end, host_start, host_end, host, port, path_start, query_start, fragment_start, }; if cfg!(debug_assertions) { url.check_invariants().map_err(|reason| { let reason: &str = &reason; Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Other("value"), &reason) })? } Ok(url) } /// Assuming the URL is in the `file` scheme or similar, /// convert its path to an absolute `std::path::Path`. /// /// **Note:** This does not actually check the URL’s `scheme`, /// and may give nonsensical results for other schemes. /// It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this. /// /// ``` /// # use url::Url; /// # let url = Url::parse("file:///etc/passwd").unwrap(); /// let path = url.to_file_path(); /// ``` /// /// Returns `Err` if the host is neither empty nor `"localhost"` (except on Windows, where /// `file:` URLs may have a non-local host), /// or if `Path::new_opt()` returns `None`. /// (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or, /// for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.) #[inline] #[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))] #[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)] pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result { if let Some(segments) = self.path_segments() { let host = match self.host() { None | Some(Host::Domain("localhost")) => None, Some(_) if cfg!(windows) && self.scheme() == "file" => { Some(&self.serialization[self.host_start as usize..self.host_end as usize]) } _ => return Err(()), }; return file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(host, segments); } Err(()) } // Private helper methods: #[inline] fn slice(&self, range: R) -> &str where R: RangeArg, { range.slice_of(&self.serialization) } #[inline] fn byte_at(&self, i: u32) -> u8 { self.serialization.as_bytes()[i as usize] } } /// Parse a string as an URL, without a base URL or encoding override. impl str::FromStr for Url { type Err = ParseError; #[inline] fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result { Url::parse(input) } } impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for Url { type Error = ParseError; fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result { Url::parse(s) } } /// Display the serialization of this URL. impl fmt::Display for Url { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { fmt::Display::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter) } } /// String conversion. impl From for String { fn from(value: Url) -> String { value.serialization } } /// Debug the serialization of this URL. impl fmt::Debug for Url { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { formatter .debug_struct("Url") .field("scheme", &self.scheme()) .field("cannot_be_a_base", &self.cannot_be_a_base()) .field("username", &self.username()) .field("password", &self.password()) .field("host", &self.host()) .field("port", &self.port()) .field("path", &self.path()) .field("query", &self.query()) .field("fragment", &self.fragment()) .finish() } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl Eq for Url {} /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl PartialEq for Url { #[inline] fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.serialization == other.serialization } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl Ord for Url { #[inline] fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering { self.serialization.cmp(&other.serialization) } } /// URLs compare like their serialization. impl PartialOrd for Url { #[inline] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option { Some(self.cmp(other)) } } /// URLs hash like their serialization. impl hash::Hash for Url { #[inline] fn hash(&self, state: &mut H) where H: hash::Hasher, { hash::Hash::hash(&self.serialization, state) } } /// Return the serialization of this URL. impl AsRef for Url { #[inline] fn as_ref(&self) -> &str { &self.serialization } } trait RangeArg { fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str; } impl RangeArg for Range { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[self.start as usize..self.end as usize] } } impl RangeArg for RangeFrom { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[self.start as usize..] } } impl RangeArg for RangeTo { #[inline] fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { &s[..self.end as usize] } } /// Serializes this URL into a `serde` stream. /// /// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature = "serde")] impl serde::Serialize for Url { fn serialize(&self, serializer: S) -> Result where S: serde::Serializer, { serializer.serialize_str(self.as_str()) } } /// Deserializes this URL from a `serde` stream. /// /// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled. #[cfg(feature = "serde")] impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Url { fn deserialize(deserializer: D) -> Result where D: serde::Deserializer<'de>, { use serde::de::{Error, Unexpected, Visitor}; struct UrlVisitor; impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for UrlVisitor { type Value = Url; fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { formatter.write_str("a string representing an URL") } fn visit_str(self, s: &str) -> Result where E: Error, { Url::parse(s).map_err(|err| { let err_s = format!("{}", err); Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &err_s.as_str()) }) } } deserializer.deserialize_str(UrlVisitor) } } #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))] fn path_to_file_url_segments( path: &Path, serialization: &mut String, ) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> { #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))] use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt; #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")] use std::os::wasi::prelude::OsStrExt; if !path.is_absolute() { return Err(()); } let host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap(); let mut empty = true; // skip the root component for component in path.components().skip(1) { empty = false; serialization.push('/'); serialization.extend(percent_encode( component.as_os_str().as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT, )); } if empty { // An URL’s path must not be empty. serialization.push('/'); } Ok((host_end, HostInternal::None)) } #[cfg(windows)] fn path_to_file_url_segments( path: &Path, serialization: &mut String, ) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> { path_to_file_url_segments_windows(path, serialization) } // Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102 #[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))] fn path_to_file_url_segments_windows( path: &Path, serialization: &mut String, ) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> { use std::path::{Component, Prefix}; if !path.is_absolute() { return Err(()); } let mut components = path.components(); let host_start = serialization.len() + 1; let host_end; let host_internal; match components.next() { Some(Component::Prefix(ref p)) => match p.kind() { Prefix::Disk(letter) | Prefix::VerbatimDisk(letter) => { host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap(); host_internal = HostInternal::None; serialization.push('/'); serialization.push(letter as char); serialization.push(':'); } Prefix::UNC(server, share) | Prefix::VerbatimUNC(server, share) => { let host = Host::parse(server.to_str().ok_or(())?).map_err(|_| ())?; write!(serialization, "{}", host).unwrap(); host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap(); host_internal = host.into(); serialization.push('/'); let share = share.to_str().ok_or(())?; serialization.extend(percent_encode(share.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT)); } _ => return Err(()), }, _ => return Err(()), } let mut path_only_has_prefix = true; for component in components { if component == Component::RootDir { continue; } path_only_has_prefix = false; // FIXME: somehow work with non-unicode? let component = component.as_os_str().to_str().ok_or(())?; serialization.push('/'); serialization.extend(percent_encode(component.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT)); } // A windows drive letter must end with a slash. if serialization.len() > host_start && parser::is_windows_drive_letter(&serialization[host_start..]) && path_only_has_prefix { serialization.push('/'); } Ok((host_end, host_internal)) } #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf( host: Option<&str>, segments: str::Split<'_, char>, ) -> Result { use std::ffi::OsStr; #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))] use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt; #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")] use std::os::wasi::prelude::OsStrExt; if host.is_some() { return Err(()); } let mut bytes = if cfg!(target_os = "redox") { b"file:".to_vec() } else { Vec::new() }; for segment in segments { bytes.push(b'/'); bytes.extend(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes())); } // A windows drive letter must end with a slash. if bytes.len() > 2 && bytes[bytes.len() - 2].is_ascii_alphabetic() && matches!(bytes[bytes.len() - 1], b':' | b'|') { bytes.push(b'/'); } let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes); let path = PathBuf::from(os_str); debug_assert!( path.is_absolute(), "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path" ); Ok(path) } #[cfg(windows)] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf( host: Option<&str>, segments: str::Split, ) -> Result { file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(host, segments) } // Build this unconditionally to alleviate https://github.com/servo/rust-url/issues/102 #[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))] fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows( host: Option<&str>, mut segments: str::Split<'_, char>, ) -> Result { let mut string = if let Some(host) = host { r"\\".to_owned() + host } else { let first = segments.next().ok_or(())?; match first.len() { 2 => { if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) || first.as_bytes()[1] != b':' { return Err(()); } first.to_owned() } 4 => { if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) { return Err(()); } let bytes = first.as_bytes(); if bytes[1] != b'%' || bytes[2] != b'3' || (bytes[3] != b'a' && bytes[3] != b'A') { return Err(()); } first[0..1].to_owned() + ":" } _ => return Err(()), } }; for segment in segments { string.push('\\'); // Currently non-unicode windows paths cannot be represented match String::from_utf8(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()).collect()) { Ok(s) => string.push_str(&s), Err(..) => return Err(()), } } let path = PathBuf::from(string); debug_assert!( path.is_absolute(), "to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path" ); Ok(path) } /// Implementation detail of `Url::query_pairs_mut`. Typically not used directly. #[derive(Debug)] pub struct UrlQuery<'a> { url: Option<&'a mut Url>, fragment: Option, } // `as_mut_string` string here exposes the internal serialization of an `Url`, // which should not be exposed to users. // We achieve that by not giving users direct access to `UrlQuery`: // * Its fields are private // (and so can not be constructed with struct literal syntax outside of this crate), // * It has no constructor // * It is only visible (on the type level) to users in the return type of // `Url::query_pairs_mut` which is `Serializer` // * `Serializer` keeps its target in a private field // * Unlike in other `Target` impls, `UrlQuery::finished` does not return `Self`. impl<'a> form_urlencoded::Target for UrlQuery<'a> { fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String { &mut self.url.as_mut().unwrap().serialization } fn finish(mut self) -> &'a mut Url { let url = self.url.take().unwrap(); url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take()); url } type Finished = &'a mut Url; } impl<'a> Drop for UrlQuery<'a> { fn drop(&mut self) { if let Some(url) = self.url.take() { url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take()) } } }