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+PRETTY FORMATS
+--------------
+
+If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
+is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
+inserted before the 'Author:' line. This line begins with
+"Merge: " and the hashes of ancestral commits are printed,
+separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
+necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
+have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
+only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
+file.
+
+There are several built-in formats, and you can define
+additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
+config option to either another format name, or a
+'format:' string, as described below (see
+linkgit:git-config[1]). Here are the details of the
+built-in formats:
+
+* 'oneline'
+
+ <hash> <title-line>
++
+This is designed to be as compact as possible.
+
+* 'short'
+
+ commit <hash>
+ Author: <author>
+
+ <title-line>
+
+* 'medium'
+
+ commit <hash>
+ Author: <author>
+ Date: <author-date>
+
+ <title-line>
+
+ <full-commit-message>
+
+* 'full'
+
+ commit <hash>
+ Author: <author>
+ Commit: <committer>
+
+ <title-line>
+
+ <full-commit-message>
+
+* 'fuller'
+
+ commit <hash>
+ Author: <author>
+ AuthorDate: <author-date>
+ Commit: <committer>
+ CommitDate: <committer-date>
+
+ <title-line>
+
+ <full-commit-message>
+
+* 'reference'
+
+ <abbrev-hash> (<title-line>, <short-author-date>)
++
+This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit message and
+is the same as `--pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s, %ad)'`. By default,
+the date is formatted with `--date=short` unless another `--date` option
+is explicitly specified. As with any `format:` with format
+placeholders, its output is not affected by other options like
+`--decorate` and `--walk-reflogs`.
+
+* 'email'
+
+ From <hash> <date>
+ From: <author>
+ Date: <author-date>
+ Subject: [PATCH] <title-line>
+
+ <full-commit-message>
+
+* 'mboxrd'
++
+Like 'email', but lines in the commit message starting with "From "
+(preceded by zero or more ">") are quoted with ">" so they aren't
+confused as starting a new commit.
+
+* 'raw'
++
+The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
+stored in the commit object. Notably, the hashes are
+displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
+--no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
+true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
+simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
+commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
+`git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
+use `--no-abbrev`.
+
+* 'format:<format-string>'
++
+The 'format:<format-string>' format allows you to specify which information
+you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
+with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
+instead of '\n'.
++
+E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
+would show something like this:
++
+-------
+The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
+The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
+
+-------
++
+The placeholders are:
+
+- Placeholders that expand to a single literal character:
+'%n':: newline
+'%%':: a raw '%'
+'%x00':: '%x' followed by two hexadecimal digits is replaced with a
+ byte with the hexadecimal digits' value (we will call this
+ "literal formatting code" in the rest of this document).
+
+- Placeholders that affect formatting of later placeholders:
+'%Cred':: switch color to red
+'%Cgreen':: switch color to green
+'%Cblue':: switch color to blue
+'%Creset':: reset color
+'%C(...)':: color specification, as described under Values in the
+ "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1]. By
+ default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output
+ (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and respecting
+ the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+ terminal). `%C(auto,...)` is accepted as a historical
+ synonym for the default (e.g., `%C(auto,red)`). Specifying
+ `%C(always,...)` will show the colors even when color is
+ not otherwise enabled (though consider just using
+ `--color=always` to enable color for the whole output,
+ including this format and anything else git might color).
+ `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+ on the next placeholders until the color is switched
+ again.
+'%m':: left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark
+'%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])':: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+'%<( <N> [,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])':: make the next placeholder take at
+ least N column widths, padding spaces on
+ the right if necessary. Optionally
+ truncate (with ellipsis '..') at the left (ltrunc) `..ft`,
+ the middle (mtrunc) `mi..le`, or the end
+ (trunc) `rig..`, if the output is longer than
+ N columns.
+ Note 1: that truncating
+ only works correctly with N >= 2.
+ Note 2: spaces around the N and M (see below)
+ values are optional.
+ Note 3: Emojis and other wide characters
+ will take two display columns, which may
+ over-run column boundaries.
+ Note 4: decomposed character combining marks
+ may be misplaced at padding boundaries.
+'%<|( <M> )':: make the next placeholder take at least until Mth
+ display column, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+ Use negative M values for column positions measured
+ from the right hand edge of the terminal window.
+'%>( <N> )', '%>|( <M> )':: similar to '%<( <N> )', '%<|( <M> )' respectively,
+ but padding spaces on the left
+'%>>( <N> )', '%>>|( <M> )':: similar to '%>( <N> )', '%>|( <M> )'
+ respectively, except that if the next
+ placeholder takes more spaces than given and
+ there are spaces on its left, use those
+ spaces
+'%><( <N> )', '%><|( <M> )':: similar to '%<( <N> )', '%<|( <M> )'
+ respectively, but padding both sides
+ (i.e. the text is centered)
+
+- Placeholders that expand to information extracted from the commit:
+'%H':: commit hash
+'%h':: abbreviated commit hash
+'%T':: tree hash
+'%t':: abbreviated tree hash
+'%P':: parent hashes
+'%p':: abbreviated parent hashes
+'%an':: author name
+'%aN':: author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+ or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%ae':: author email
+'%aE':: author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+ or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%al':: author email local-part (the part before the '@' sign)
+'%aL':: author local-part (see '%al') respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%ad':: author date (format respects --date= option)
+'%aD':: author date, RFC2822 style
+'%ar':: author date, relative
+'%at':: author date, UNIX timestamp
+'%ai':: author date, ISO 8601-like format
+'%aI':: author date, strict ISO 8601 format
+'%as':: author date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
+'%ah':: author date, human style (like the `--date=human` option of
+ linkgit:git-rev-list[1])
+'%cn':: committer name
+'%cN':: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%ce':: committer email
+'%cE':: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%cl':: committer email local-part (the part before the '@' sign)
+'%cL':: committer local-part (see '%cl') respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%cd':: committer date (format respects --date= option)
+'%cD':: committer date, RFC2822 style
+'%cr':: committer date, relative
+'%ct':: committer date, UNIX timestamp
+'%ci':: committer date, ISO 8601-like format
+'%cI':: committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
+'%cs':: committer date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
+'%ch':: committer date, human style (like the `--date=human` option of
+ linkgit:git-rev-list[1])
+'%d':: ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
+'%D':: ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
+'%(decorate[:<options>])'::
+ref names with custom decorations. The `decorate` string may be followed by a
+colon and zero or more comma-separated options. Option values may contain
+literal formatting codes. These must be used for commas (`%x2C`) and closing
+parentheses (`%x29`), due to their role in the option syntax.
++
+** 'prefix=<value>': Shown before the list of ref names. Defaults to "{nbsp}`(`".
+** 'suffix=<value>': Shown after the list of ref names. Defaults to "`)`".
+** 'separator=<value>': Shown between ref names. Defaults to "`,`{nbsp}".
+** 'pointer=<value>': Shown between HEAD and the branch it points to, if any.
+ Defaults to "{nbsp}`->`{nbsp}".
+** 'tag=<value>': Shown before tag names. Defaults to "`tag:`{nbsp}".
+
++
+For example, to produce decorations with no wrapping
+or tag annotations, and spaces as separators:
++
+`%(decorate:prefix=,suffix=,tag=,separator= )`
+
+'%(describe[:<options>])'::
+human-readable name, like linkgit:git-describe[1]; empty string for
+undescribable commits. The `describe` string may be followed by a colon and
+zero or more comma-separated options. Descriptions can be inconsistent when
+tags are added or removed at the same time.
++
+** 'tags[=<bool-value>]': Instead of only considering annotated tags,
+ consider lightweight tags as well.
+** 'abbrev=<number>': Instead of using the default number of hexadecimal digits
+ (which will vary according to the number of objects in the repository with a
+ default of 7) of the abbreviated object name, use <number> digits, or as many
+ digits as needed to form a unique object name.
+** 'match=<pattern>': Only consider tags matching the given
+ `glob(7)` pattern, excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.
+** 'exclude=<pattern>': Do not consider tags matching the given
+ `glob(7)` pattern, excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.
+
+'%S':: ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached
+ (like `git log --source`), only works with `git log`
+'%e':: encoding
+'%s':: subject
+'%f':: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
+'%b':: body
+'%B':: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+'%N':: commit notes
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+'%GG':: raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
+'%G?':: show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
+ "B" for a bad signature,
+ "U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
+ "X" for a good signature that has expired,
+ "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
+ "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
+ "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
+ and "N" for no signature
+'%GS':: show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+'%GK':: show the key used to sign a signed commit
+'%GF':: show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
+'%GP':: show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
+ to sign a signed commit
+'%GT':: show the trust level for the key used to sign a signed commit
+'%gD':: reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or `refs/stash@{2
+ minutes ago}`; the format follows the rules described for the
+ `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
+ given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master`
+ would yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
+'%gd':: shortened reflog selector; same as `%gD`, but the refname
+ portion is shortened for human readability (so
+ `refs/heads/master` becomes just `master`).
+'%gn':: reflog identity name
+'%gN':: reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%ge':: reflog identity email
+'%gE':: reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+ linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%gs':: reflog subject
+'%(trailers[:<options>])'::
+display the trailers of the body as interpreted by
+linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. The `trailers` string may be followed by
+a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If any option is provided
+multiple times, the last occurrence wins.
++
+** 'key=<key>': only show trailers with specified <key>. Matching is done
+ case-insensitively and trailing colon is optional. If option is
+ given multiple times trailer lines matching any of the keys are
+ shown. This option automatically enables the `only` option so that
+ non-trailer lines in the trailer block are hidden. If that is not
+ desired it can be disabled with `only=false`. E.g.,
+ `%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by)` shows trailer lines with key
+ `Reviewed-by`.
+** 'only[=<bool>]': select whether non-trailer lines from the trailer
+ block should be included.
+** 'separator=<sep>': specify a separator inserted between trailer
+ lines. When this option is not given each trailer line is
+ terminated with a line feed character. The string <sep> may contain
+ the literal formatting codes described above. To use comma as
+ separator one must use `%x2C` as it would otherwise be parsed as
+ next option. E.g., `%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C )`
+ shows all trailer lines whose key is "Ticket" separated by a comma
+ and a space.
+** 'unfold[=<bool>]': make it behave as if interpret-trailer's `--unfold`
+ option was given. E.g.,
+ `%(trailers:only,unfold=true)` unfolds and shows all trailer lines.
+** 'keyonly[=<bool>]': only show the key part of the trailer.
+** 'valueonly[=<bool>]': only show the value part of the trailer.
+** 'key_value_separator=<sep>': specify a separator inserted between
+ trailer lines. When this option is not given each trailer key-value
+ pair is separated by ": ". Otherwise it shares the same semantics
+ as 'separator=<sep>' above.
+
+NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
+revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
+insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
+`git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
+decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
+line.
+
+The boolean options accept an optional value `[=<bool-value>]`. The values
+`true`, `false`, `on`, `off` etc. are all accepted. See the "boolean"
+sub-section in "EXAMPLES" in linkgit:git-config[1]. If a boolean
+option is given with no value, it's enabled.
+
+If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
+is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
+placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
+
+If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, all consecutive
+line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
+placeholder expands to an empty string.
+
+If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space
+is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
+placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
+
+* 'tformat:'
++
+The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
+provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
+other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
+newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
+This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
+terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
+For example:
++
+---------------------
+$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
+ | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
+4da45be
+7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
+
+$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
+ | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
+4da45be
+7134973
+---------------------
++
+In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
+as if it has `tformat:` in front of it. For example, these two are
+equivalent:
++
+---------------------
+$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
+$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
+---------------------