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// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package cgo
import (
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
)
// Handle provides a way to pass values that contain Go pointers
// (pointers to memory allocated by Go) between Go and C without
// breaking the cgo pointer passing rules. A Handle is an integer
// value that can represent any Go value. A Handle can be passed
// through C and back to Go, and Go code can use the Handle to
// retrieve the original Go value.
//
// The underlying type of Handle is guaranteed to fit in an integer type
// that is large enough to hold the bit pattern of any pointer. The zero
// value of a Handle is not valid, and thus is safe to use as a sentinel
// in C APIs.
//
// For instance, on the Go side:
//
// package main
//
// /*
// #include <stdint.h> // for uintptr_t
//
// extern void MyGoPrint(uintptr_t handle);
// void myprint(uintptr_t handle);
// */
// import "C"
// import "runtime/cgo"
//
// //export MyGoPrint
// func MyGoPrint(handle C.uintptr_t) {
// h := cgo.Handle(handle)
// val := h.Value().(string)
// println(val)
// h.Delete()
// }
//
// func main() {
// val := "hello Go"
// C.myprint(C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(val)))
// // Output: hello Go
// }
//
// and on the C side:
//
// #include <stdint.h> // for uintptr_t
//
// // A Go function
// extern void MyGoPrint(uintptr_t handle);
//
// // A C function
// void myprint(uintptr_t handle) {
// MyGoPrint(handle);
// }
//
// Some C functions accept a void* argument that points to an arbitrary
// data value supplied by the caller. It is not safe to coerce a [cgo.Handle]
// (an integer) to a Go [unsafe.Pointer], but instead we can pass the address
// of the cgo.Handle to the void* parameter, as in this variant of the
// previous example:
//
// package main
//
// /*
// extern void MyGoPrint(void *context);
// static inline void myprint(void *context) {
// MyGoPrint(context);
// }
// */
// import "C"
// import (
// "runtime/cgo"
// "unsafe"
// )
//
// //export MyGoPrint
// func MyGoPrint(context unsafe.Pointer) {
// h := *(*cgo.Handle)(context)
// val := h.Value().(string)
// println(val)
// h.Delete()
// }
//
// func main() {
// val := "hello Go"
// h := cgo.NewHandle(val)
// C.myprint(unsafe.Pointer(&h))
// // Output: hello Go
// }
type Handle uintptr
// NewHandle returns a handle for a given value.
//
// The handle is valid until the program calls Delete on it. The handle
// uses resources, and this package assumes that C code may hold on to
// the handle, so a program must explicitly call Delete when the handle
// is no longer needed.
//
// The intended use is to pass the returned handle to C code, which
// passes it back to Go, which calls Value.
func NewHandle(v any) Handle {
h := handleIdx.Add(1)
if h == 0 {
panic("runtime/cgo: ran out of handle space")
}
handles.Store(h, v)
return Handle(h)
}
// Value returns the associated Go value for a valid handle.
//
// The method panics if the handle is invalid.
func (h Handle) Value() any {
v, ok := handles.Load(uintptr(h))
if !ok {
panic("runtime/cgo: misuse of an invalid Handle")
}
return v
}
// Delete invalidates a handle. This method should only be called once
// the program no longer needs to pass the handle to C and the C code
// no longer has a copy of the handle value.
//
// The method panics if the handle is invalid.
func (h Handle) Delete() {
_, ok := handles.LoadAndDelete(uintptr(h))
if !ok {
panic("runtime/cgo: misuse of an invalid Handle")
}
}
var (
handles = sync.Map{} // map[Handle]interface{}
handleIdx atomic.Uintptr
)
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