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+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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+<p>
+Next: <a href="Request-Index.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Request Index</a>, Previous: <a href="Font-Description-File-Format.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font Description File Format</a>, Up: <a href="index.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">GNU <code class="code">troff</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Request-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<hr>
+<h2 class="appendix" id="Copying-This-Manual-1">Appendix A Copying This Manual</h2>
+
+<div class="center">Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
+</div>
+
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display-preformatted">Copyright &copy; 2000-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<a class="uref" href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+</pre></div>
+
+<ol class="enumerate" start="0">
+<li> PREAMBLE
+
+<p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+functional and useful document <em class="dfn">free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
+for modifications made by others.
+</p>
+<p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+</p>
+<p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+</p>
+</li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+
+<p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
+work under the conditions stated herein. The &ldquo;Document&rdquo;, below,
+refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
+licensee, and is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;. You accept the license if you
+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
+under copyright law.
+</p>
+<p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+</p>
+<p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&rsquo;s overall
+subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
+directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
+part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
+any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+</p>
+<p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
+allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
+Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
+Sections then there are none.
+</p>
+<p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
+</p>
+<p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
+of text. A copy that is not &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; is called &ldquo;Opaque&rdquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
+format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
+DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
+PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples
+of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and
+JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
+read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
+XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
+not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
+PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for
+output purposes only.
+</p>
+<p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&rsquo;s title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+</p>
+<p>The &ldquo;publisher&rdquo; means any person or entity that distributes copies
+of the Document to the public.
+</p>
+<p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
+text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
+specific section name mentioned below, such as &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
+&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.) To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
+</p>
+<p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
+states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
+no effect on the meaning of this License.
+</p>
+</li><li> VERBATIM COPYING
+
+<p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+</p>
+<p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+</p>
+</li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY
+
+<p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
+Document&rsquo;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+</p>
+<p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+</p>
+<p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+</p>
+<p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+</p>
+</li><li> MODIFICATIONS
+
+<p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+</p>
+<ol class="enumerate" type="A" start="1">
+<li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+
+</li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
+unless they release you from this requirement.
+
+</li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+Modified Version, as the publisher.
+
+</li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+
+</li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+
+</li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+
+</li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.
+
+</li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+
+</li><li> Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
+to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
+stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+
+</li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+it was based on. These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
+You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+
+</li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
+the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
+substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
+dedications given therein.
+
+</li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+
+</li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;. Such a section
+may not be included in the Modified Version.
+
+</li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
+to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+</li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+</p>
+<p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+</p>
+<p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+</p>
+<p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+</p>
+</li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+
+<p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+</p>
+<p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+</p>
+<p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
+&ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
+and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;. You must delete all
+sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
+</p>
+</li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+
+<p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+</p>
+<p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+</p>
+</li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+
+<p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
+of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
+derivative works of the Document.
+</p>
+<p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
+the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
+aggregate.
+</p>
+</li><li> TRANSLATION
+
+<p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
+the original English version of this License and the original versions
+of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
+</p>
+<p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
+&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
+its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
+title.
+</p>
+</li><li> TERMINATION
+
+<p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
+except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
+will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+</p>
+<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
+from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
+unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
+terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
+fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
+60 days after the cessation.
+</p>
+<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+</p>
+<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
+not give you any rights to use it.
+</p>
+</li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+
+<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+<a class="uref" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
+specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
+License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public statement of acceptance of a
+version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
+Document.
+</p>
+</li><li> RELICENSING
+
+<p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
+World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
+provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
+public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
+&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
+site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
+site.
+</p>
+<p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
+license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
+corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
+California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
+published by that same organization.
+</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
+in part, as part of another Document.
+</p>
+<p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
+License, and if all works that were first published under this License
+somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
+or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
+and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
+</p>
+<p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
+under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
+provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
+</p>
+</li></ol>
+
+<h3 class="heading" id="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
+
+<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+</p>
+<div class="example smallexample">
+<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted"> Copyright (C) <var class="var">year</var> <var class="var">your name</var>.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+ Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+ Free Documentation License''.
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
+replace the &ldquo;with&hellip;Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
+</p>
+<div class="example smallexample">
+<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted"> with the Invariant Sections being <var class="var">list their titles</var>, with
+ the Front-Cover Texts being <var class="var">list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
+ being <var class="var">list</var>.
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+</p>
+<p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+<hr>
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="Request-Index.html">Request Index</a>, Previous: <a href="Font-Description-File-Format.html">Font Description File Format</a>, Up: <a href="index.html">GNU <code class="code">troff</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Request-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</body>
+</html>