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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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Copyright (C) 2004-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Peter Schaffter (peter@schaffter.ca).
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
<title>Mom -- Document Processing, Introduction and Setup</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" />
</head>
<body style="background-color: #f5faff;">
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<table style="width: 100%;">
<tr>
<td><a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="docelement.html#top">Next: The document element tags</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h1 class="docs">Document processing with mom</h1>
<h2 id="toc-doc-processing" class="docs" style="text-align: center;">Table of contents</h2>
<div id="docprocessing-mini-toc" style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%; margin-top: .5em;">
<div class="mini-toc-col-1" style="margin-left: 0;">
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: 1em;"><a class="header-link" href="#docprocessing-intro">Introduction to document processing</a></h3>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: .5em;"><a class="header-link" href="#defaults">Document defaults</a></h3>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: .5em;"><a class="header-link" href="#vertical-whitespace-management">Vertical whitespace management</a></h3>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: .5em;"><a class="header-link" href="#setup">Preliminary document setup</a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#docprocessing-tut"><b>Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</b></a></li>
<li><a href="#reference-macros"><b>The reference macros (metadata)</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#title">TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-title">DOCTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#subtitle">SUBTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#draft">DRAFT</a></li>
<li><a href="#revision">REVISION</a></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
<li><a href="#misc">MISC</a></li>
<li><a href="#covertitle">COVERTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-covertitle">DOC_COVERTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#pdftitle">PDF_TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-heading">TOC_HEADING</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#docstyle-macros"><b>The docstyle macros (templates)</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE (default, chapter, letter, named, slides)</a></li>
<li><a href="#slides">DOCTYPE SLIDES</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#newslide">NEWSLIDE</a></li>
<li><a href="#pause">PAUSE</a></li>
<li><a href="#transition">TRANSITION</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="cover.html"><b>Cover pages</b></a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader"><b>Managing the document header</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#docheader">DOCHEADER</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-control">Docheader control</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#docheader-desc">Docheader description</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-docheader-control">Macro list</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mini-toc-col-2">
<br/>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#start-macro">Initiate document processing</a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#start"><b>The START macro</b></a></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#style-before-start">Establishing type and formatting<br/><span style="display: block; margin-top: -.3em;">parameters before START</span></a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#type-before-start"><b>Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="docprocessing.html#include">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</a></li>
<li><a href="#color">Initializing colours</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: -1em">
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust"><b>Adjust linespacing to fill pages</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#shim">SHIM</a> – get document leading back on track
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#automatic-shimming">Automatic shimming (headings, etc)</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#columns-intro"><b>Setting documents in columns</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#columns">COLUMNS</a></li>
<li><a href="#marking-col-start">Marking the first page column start position</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#col-mark">COL_MARK</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#breaking-columns">Breaking columns manually</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#col-next">COL_NEXT</a> and <a href="#col-break">COL_BREAK</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#style-after-start">Changing basic type and formatting<br/><span style="display: block; margin-top: -.3em;">parameters after START</span></a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#behaviour"><b>Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</b></a></li>
<li><a href="docprocessing.html#intro-doc-param"><b>Changing document-wide typesetting parameters after START</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="docprocessing.html#index-doc-param">Post-START global style change macros</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doc-left-margin">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-right-margin">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-line-length">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-family">DOC_FAMILY</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-pt-size">DOC_PT_SIZE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-quad">DOC_QUAD</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#terminating">Terminating a document</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="rule-short" style="margin-top: -1.75em"><br/><hr/></div>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="docprocessing-intro" class="docs" style="margin-top: 1em">Introduction to document processing</h2>
<p>
Document processing with mom uses markup tags to identify document elements
such as headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, and so on. The tags are, of course,
macros, but with sensible, readable names that make them easy
to grasp and easy to remember. (And don’t forget: if you
don’t like the “official” name of a tag —
too long, cumbersome to type in, not “intuitive” enough
— you can change it with the
<a href="goodies.html#alias">ALIAS</a>
macro.)
</p>
<p>
In addition to the tags themselves, mom has an extensive array of
macros that control how they look and behave.
</p>
<p>
Setting up a mom doc is a simple, four-part procedure. You
begin by entering metadata about the document itself (title,
subtitle, author, etc.). Next, you tell mom what kind of document
you’re creating (e.g. a chapter, letter, abstract, etc...) and
what kind of output you want (typeset, typewritten, draft-style,
etc) — essentially, templates. Thirdly, you make as many
or as few changes to the templates as you wish; in other words,
create a style sheet. Lastly, you invoke the
<kbd><a href="#start">START</a></kbd>
macro. Voilà! You’re ready to write.
</p>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="defaults" class="docs">Document defaults</h2>
<p>
As is to be expected, mom has defaults for everything. If you want
to know a particular default, read about it in the description of
the pertinent tag.
</p>
<p>
I fear the following may not be adequately covered elsewhere in the
documentation, so just in case:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: .5em;">
<li>the paper size is 8.5x11 inches</li>
<li>the left and right margins are 1-inch</li>
<li>the top and bottom margins for document text are plus/minus
visually 1-inch
</li>
<li>pages are numbered; the number appears centred, at the
bottom, surrounded by hyphens (e.g. -6- )
</li>
<li>the first page of a document begins with a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">document header</a>
</li>
<li>subsequent pages have
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
with a rule underneath
</li>
</ul>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="vertical-whitespace-management" class="macro-group">Vertical whitespace management</h2>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em;">
<li><a href="#shim">Macro: SHIM</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-shim">Macro: NO_SHIM</a></li>
<li><a href="#flex">Macro: FLEX</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-flex">Macro: NO_FLEX</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
Mom takes evenly-aligned bottom margins in
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
very seriously. Only under a very few, exceptional circumstances
will she allow a bottom margin to “hang” (i.e. to fall
short).
</p>
<p>
Mom offers two modes of operation for ensuring flush bottom margins:
shimming and flex-spacing. Shimming means that mom nudges the
next line after a significant break in running text back onto the
<a href="definitions.html#baseline-grid">baseline grid</a>
(e.g. after the insertion of a graphic). Flex-spacing means that any
vertical whitespace remaining between the end of running text and
the bottom margin is distributed equally at logical points on the
page.
</p>
<p>
Mom uses the
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
of running text (the “document leading”) that’s in effect
<i>at the start of running text on each page</i>
to establish the grid and space document elements such as heads or
blockquotes so that they adhere to it. (Prior to invoking
<a href="#start">START</a>,
the document leading is set with the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macro</a>
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>,
afterwards with the
<a href="definitions.html#controlmacro">document control macro</a>
<a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a>.)
</p>
<p>
What this means is that documents whose paragraphs are not separated
by whitespace and which do not contain graphics or
<a href="definitions.html#pre-processor">pre-processor material</a>
will fill the page completely to the bottom margin.
However, if your paragraphs are spaced, or if there are any leading
changes on a page, or if graphics or pre-processor material are
inserted, it’s very likely the bottom margins will hang
unless shimming or flex-spacing is enabled.
</p>
<h3 id="shim-vs-flex" class="docs">Shimming <span style="text-transform: none">vs.</span> flex-spacing</h3>
<p>
<b>Shimming</b> is mom’s default mode of operation. She applies it
automatically before headings, around quotes and blockquotes, and
beneath
<a href="definitions.html#float">floats</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#preprocessor">pre-processor material</a>.
In addition, the
<a href="#shim">SHIM</a>
macro can be inserted into a document at any point to make sure
the text following falls on the baseline grid.
</p>
<p>
This mode of operation works well in documents whose paragraphs are
not spaced. Deviations from the baseline grid, usually
caused by floats or pre-processor material, are corrected
immediately. If the shimming results in slightly unbalanced
whitespace around them, it can easily be remedied by passing the
<kbd>ADJUST</kbd> argument to the appropriate macro.
</p>
<p>
If you do not want mom shimming automatically,
<a href="#no-shim">NO_SHIM</a>
turns shimming off globally and suppresses the SHIM macro. If you
want to disable shimming only for a particular float or
pre-processor, the <kbd>NO_SHIM</kbd> argument may be given to the
appropriate macro.
</p>
<p>
<b>Flex-spacing</b> kicks in automatically whenever you turn shimming
off. In other words, if you want a document flex-spaced,
<kbd>.NO_SHIM</kbd> is how you achieve it. If, in addition to not
shimming, you don’t want mom flex-spacing either,
<a href="#no-flex">NO_FLEX</a>
lets you disable it, too.
</p>
<p>
Flex-spacing differs from shimming in that mom doesn’t
correct deviations from the baseline grid. Rather, she distributes
whitespace left at the bottom of the page equally in appropriate
places. Like shimming, flex-spacing is automatically applied
before heads, after floats and pre-processor material, and around
quotes and blockquotes. Like shimming, flex-spacing can be
disabled for individual floats or pre-processor material with the
<kbd>NO_FLEX</kbd> flag.
</p>
<p>
In addition, you can use the
<a href="#flex">FLEX</a>
macro to insert flex-spacing yourself into the document, which you
will almost certainly want to do if your paragraphs are spaced.
This is because paragraphs are not flex-spaced. Typographically,
the ideal for spaced paragraphs is that the space between them
remain constant. Paradoxically, the only way to achieve flush
bottom margins, or to correct excessive flex-spacing before a
heading, is by adding flex-space between the paragraphs. This
requires human judgment, and mom does not presume to decide for you.
</p>
<p>
Shimming and flex-spacing are mutually exclusive. If the one is
active, the other isn’t unless you have disabled both. This means
that you cannot use the FLEX macro when shimming is enabled, or the
SHIM macro when flex-spacing is enabled. Mom will issue a warning
if you do.
</p>
<p>
The choice of whether to use shimming or flex-spacing depends on
whether or not your paragraphs are spaced. In a document with
indented, non-spaced paragraphs, shimming and flex-spacing produce
nearly the same result, with shimming winning by an aesthetic hair.
In documents with spaced paragraphs, flex-spacing is the only way to
achieve flush bottom margins.
</p>
<!-- -SHIM- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="shim" class="macro-id">SHIM</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>SHIM</b>
</div>
<p>
When shimming is enabled, which it is by default, the SHIM macro
allows you to nudge the line following it back onto the baseline
grid. In documents with non-spaced paragraphs, this prevents
the bottom margins from hanging.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: -1em">
Mom herself automatically applies shimming
</p>
<ul>
<li><i>before</i> headings</li>
<li><i>around</i> quotes and blockquotes</li>
<li><i>after</i> PDF images, tables, pic diagrams, equations, and floats</li>
</ul>
<p>
You may sometimes find the amount of space generated by
<kbd>SHIM</kbd> looks too big, whether inserted manually into a
document or as a result of automatic shimming.
The situation occurs when the amount of shimming applied
comes close to the leading currently in effect, making it seem as if
there’s one linespace too much whitespace.
</p>
<p>
The solution is simply to add <kbd>.SPACE -1v</kbd> or
<kbd>.RLD 1v</kbd> to the document immediately after
<kbd>.SHIM</kbd>. (Both <kbd>.SPACE -1v</kbd> and
<kbd>.RLD 1v</kbd> back up by one linespace.)
</p>
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="no-shim" class="macro-id">NO_SHIM</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>NO_SHIM</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><none> | <anything></kbd>
</div>
<p>
NO_SHIM, without an argument, disables automatic shimming,
suppresses the SHIM macro, and enables flex-spacing.
</p>
<p>
NO_SHIM with any argument (e.g. <kbd>OFF</kbd>, <kbd>QUIT</kbd>,
<kbd>END</kbd>, <kbd>X</kbd>, etc) re-enables shimming if it has
been disabled and disables flex-spacing.
</p>
<!-- -FLEX- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="flex" class="macro-id">FLEX</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>FLEX</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[ FORCE ]</kbd>
</div>
<p>
When flex-spacing is enabled, the FLEX macro inserts flexible
vertical whitespace into a document. The amount of flex-space is
determined from any extra whitespace at the bottom of a page divided
by the number of flex points on the same page.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: -1em">
If flex-spacing is enabled, mom herself automatically applies
flex-spacing
</p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: -.5em">
<li><i>before</i> headings</li>
<li><i>around</i> quotes and blockquotes</li>
<li><i>after</i> PDF images, tables, pic diagrams, equations, and floats</li>
</ul>
<p>
Near the bottom of some pages, you may find that
<a href="definitions.html#float">floated</a>
or
<a href="definitions.html#preprocessor">pre-processor material</a>,
including images, or a single line of text afterwards, is not flush
with the bottom margin. This is a result of mom flex-spacing
<i>after</i> such material but not before. The solution to is
insert <kbd>.FLEX</kbd> immediately beforehand.
</p>
<p>
There are some instances where mom inhibits flex-spacing, notably
after outputting floated material deferred from one page to the
next. Introducing FLEX by itself in these instances—say,
before a head or paragraph—will not have any effect; you must
pass FLEX the <kbd>FORCE</kbd> argument.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important note on flex-spacing policy:</span><br/>
Mom disables flex-spacing on
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -1em; margin-bottom: -.5em">
<li>the last page or column of a document, before the Table of Contents,
Endnotes, Bibliography, and/or any “Lists of...”
</li>
<li>the page preceding a
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">COLLATE</a>
</li>
<li>the page preceding a
<a href="typesetting.html#NEWPAGE">NEWPAGE</a>
or
<a href="headfootpage.html#blankpage">BLANKPAGE</a>
</li>
<li>the column preceding a
<a href="#col-next">COL_NEXT</a>
or
<a href="#col-break">COL_BREAK</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
If this is not what you want, insert
<a href="#no-flex"><kbd>.NO_FLEX OFF</kbd></a>
before the first flex-space point on the affected page or in the
affected column.
</p>
<p>
Flex-spacing is also disabled for any page or column where
insufficient room at or near the bottom causes a
<a href="docelement.html#heading">HEADING</a>
or
<a href="images.html#tbl">table</a>
to be moved to the top of the next page. These situations cannot
be harmonized with flex-spacing except by adjusting your layout
to prevent them. You may try re-enabling flex-spacing for the
page (<kbd>.NO_FLEX OFF</kbd>) and manually inserting
flex-spaces at appropriate points, but the original whitespace is
usually large enough that re-distributing it merely changes
one layout gaffe into another.
</p>
<p>
Very occasionally you may notice that a document element (spaced
paragraph, floated material, pre-processor material, or a PDF image)
near the bottom of page has also caused mom to disable flex-spacing
for that page. This occurs when the document element following it
is a
<a href="docelement.html#pp-space">spaced paragraph</a>.
</p>
<p>
It is typographically acceptable for there to be space between
insertions in running text (e.g. an image) and the bottom margin when
the next page begins with a paragraph. If you’d like to
nudge the insertion a little closer to the bottom margin—not
all the way; that isn’t possible without pushing it to the
next page and disrupting subsequent flex-spacing—insert a
small amount of space beforehand with
<a href="typesetting.html#sp">SP</a>.
Do not, in these cases, use the <kbd>ADJUST</kbd>
argument (for example to
<a href="images.html#pdf-image">PDF_IMAGE</a>.)
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
In the case of a spaced paragraph itself near the bottom of the page
causing a break, re-enabling flex-spacing
(<kbd>.NO_FLEX OFF</kbd>) at an appropriate place in your input
file will resolve the issue, provided there is at least one
flex-point on the page. If not, add one or more.
</p>
</div>
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="no-flex" class="macro-id">NO_FLEX</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>NO_FLEX</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><none> | <anything></kbd>
</div>
<p>
NO_FLEX, without an argument, disables automatic flex-spacing
and suppresses the FLEX macro. If, in addition to NO_FLEX, NO_SHIM
has also been given, your document will be neither flex-spaced nor
shimmed.
</p>
<p>
NO_FLEX with any argument (e.g. <kbd>OFF</kbd>, <kbd>QUIT</kbd>,
<kbd>END</kbd>, <kbd>X</kbd>, etc) re-enables flex-spacing if it has
been disabled.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="setup" class="docs" style="margin-bottom: .5em;">Preliminary document setup</h2>
<div class="examples-container" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<h3 id="docprocessing-tut" class="docs">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</h3>
<p style="margin-top: 1em;">
There are four parts to setting up a mom doc (three, actually,
with one optional). Before we proceed, though, be reassured that
something as simple as
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "By the Shores of Lake Attica"
.AUTHOR "Rosemary Winspeare"
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.START
</span>
produces a beautifully typeset 8.5x11 document, with a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
at the top of page 1,
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
with the title and author on subsequent pages, and page numbers at
the bottom of each page. In the course of the document, headings,
citations, quotes, epigraphs, and so on, all come out looking neat,
trim, and professional.
</p>
<p>
For the purposes of this tutorial, we’re going to set up
a short story—<i>My Pulitzer Winner</i>—by Joe Blow.
Thankfully, we don’t have to look at story itself, just the
setup. Joe wants the document
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">
<li>to be draft 7, revision 39;</li>
<li>to use the DEFAULT template;</li>
<li>to print as draft-style output (instead of final-copy output);</li>
<li>to be typeset, in Helvetica, 12 on 14,
<a href="definitions.html#rag">rag-right</a>;
</li>
<li>to have <a href="definitions.html#footer">footers</a>
instead of
<a href="definitions.html#header">headers</a>;
</li>
<li>to use a single asterisk for
<a href="definitions.html#linebreak">author linebreaks</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Joe Blow has no taste in typography. His draft won’t look
pretty, but this is, after all, a tutorial; we’re after
examples, not beauty.
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -.5em;">Step 1</h4>
<p style="margin-bottom: -.5em;">
The first step in setting up any document is giving mom some
reference information (metadata). The reference macros are:
</p>
<div style="width: 50%; float: left;">
<ul>
<li>TITLE</li>
<li>SUBTITLE</li>
<li>AUTHOR</li>
<li>CHAPTER – chapter number</li>
<li>CHAPTER_TITLE</li>
<li>DRAFT – draft number</li>
<li>REVISION – revision number</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>COPYRIGHT – only used on cover pages</li>
<li>MISC – only used on cover pages</li>
<li>DOCTITLE</li>
<li>COVERTITLE</li>
<li>DOC_COVERTITLE</li>
<li>PDF_TITLE</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.5em; clear: both;">
You can use as many or as few as you wish, although at a minimum,
you’ll probably fill in TITLE (unless the document’s a
letter) and AUTHOR. Order doesn’t matter. You can separate
the
<a href="definitions.html#arguments">arguments</a>
from the macros by any number of spaces. The following are what
you’d need to start Joe Blow’s story.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
</span>
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -1.5em;">Step 2</h4>
<p>
Once you’ve given mom the reference information she needs, you
tell her how you want your document formatted. What kind of
document is it? Should it be typeset or typewritten? Is this a
final copy (for the world to see) or just a draft? Mom calls
the macros that answer these questions “the docstyle
macros”, and they’re essentially templates.
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">
<li>PRINTSTYLE—typeset or typewritten</li>
<li>DOCTYPE—the type of document (default, chapter, user-defined, letter, slide)</li>
<li>COPYSTYLE—draft or final copy</li>
</ul>
<p>
Mom has defaults for DOCTYPE and COPYSTYLE; if they’re what
you want, you don’t need to include them. However,
PRINTSTYLE has no default and must be present in every formatted
document. If you omit it, mom won’t process the document
AND she’ll complain (both to stderr and as a single printed
sheet with a warning). Moms—they can be so annoying
sometimes. <sigh>
</p>
<p>
Adding to what we already have, the next bit of setup for Joe
Blow’s story looks like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT \"Superfluous; mom uses DOCTYPE DEFAULT by default
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
</span>
Notice the use of the
<a href="definitions.html#commentlines">comment line</a>
( <kbd>\#</kbd> ), a handy way to keep groups of macros visually
separated for easy reading in a text editor.
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">Step 3</h4>
<p>
This step—completely optional—is where you, the user,
take charge. Mom has reasonable defaults for every document element
and tag, but who’s ever satisfied with defaults? Use any of
the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
here to change mom’s document defaults (paper size, margins,
family, point size, line space, rag, etc), or any of the document
processing
<a href="definitions.html#controlmacro">control macros</a>.
This is the stylesheet section of a document, and
must come after the
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
directive. Failure to observe this condition will result in
PRINTSTYLE overriding your changes.
</p>
<p>
Joe Blow wants his story printed in Helvetica, 12 on 14, rag right,
with
<a href="definitions.html#footer">page footers</a>
instead of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
and a single asterisk for the
<a href="definitions.html#linebreak">linebreak</a>
character. None of these requirements conforms to mom’s
defaults for the chosen PRINTSTYLE (TYPESET), so we change them
here. The setup for Joe Blow’s story now looks like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.FAMILY H
.PT_SIZE 12
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT \"ie rag right
.FOOTERS
.LINEBREAK_CHAR *
</span>
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -1.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">Step 4</h4>
<p>
The final step in setting up a document is telling mom to start
document processing. It’s a no-brainer, just the single
macro START. Other than PRINTSTYLE, it’s the only macro
required for document processing.
</p>
<p>
Here’s the complete setup for <i>My Pulitzer Winner</i>:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.FAMILY H
.PT_SIZE 12
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT \"ie rag right
.FOOTERS
.LINEBREAK_CHAR *
\#
.START
</span>
As pointed out earlier, Joe Blow is no typographer. Given that all he
needs is a printed draft of his work, a simpler setup would have been:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.START
</span>
<kbd>.PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</kbd>, above, means that Joe’s
work will come out “typewritten, double-spaced”,
making the blue-pencilling he (or someone else) is sure to do much
easier (which is why many publishers and agents still insist on
typewritten, double-spaced copy).
</p>
<p>
When J. Blow stops re-writing and decides to print off a final,
typeset copy of his work for the world to see, he need only make two
changes to the (simplified) setup:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET \"first change
.COPYSTYLE FINAL \"second change
\#
.START
</span>
In the above, <kbd>.DRAFT 7, .REVISION 39,</kbd> and
<kbd>.COPYSTYLE FINAL</kbd> are actually superfluous. The draft
and revision numbers aren’t used when COPYSTYLE is FINAL,
and <b>COPYSTYLE FINAL</b> is mom’s default unless you tell
her otherwise.
</p>
<p>
But... to judge from the number of drafts already,
J. Blow may very well decide his “final” version still
isn’t up to snuff. Hence, he might as well leave in the
superfluous macros. That way, when draft 7, rev. 62 becomes draft
8, rev. 1, he’ll be ready to tackle his Pulitzer winner again.
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="reference-macros" class="macro-group">The reference macros (metadata)</h2>
<p>
The reference macros give mom the metadata she needs to generate
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheaders</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>,
and
<a href="cover.html#cover-top">covers</a>.
They must go at the top of any file that uses mom’s document
processing macros.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-reference" class="macro-list">Reference macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#title">TITLE</a> – title of a story, article, etc</li>
<li><a href="#doc-title">DOCTITLE</a> – title of a book, or any collated document</li>
<li><a href="#subtitle">SUBTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a> – the chapter number
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#chapter-string">CHAPTER_STRING</a> – “Chapter”, “CHAPTER”, “Chapître”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#draft">DRAFT</a>
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#draft-string">DRAFT_STRING</a> – “Draft”, “DRAFT”, “Jet”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#revision">REVISION</a>
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#revision-string">REVISION_STRING</a> – “Revision”, “Rev.”, “Révision”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
<li><a href="#misc">MISC</a></li>
<li><a href="#covertitle">COVERTITLE</a> – frontispiece, title page, etc</li>
<li><a href="#doc-covertitle">DOC_COVERTITLE</a> – book cover, collated document cover, etc</li>
<li><a href="#pdftitle">PDF_TITLE</a> – window title for PDF viewers</li>
<li><a href="#toc-heading">TOC_HEADING</a> – single, non-pagenumbered line of text in table of contents</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="title" class="macro-id">TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>TITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<title string>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The title string can be caps or caps/lower-case; it’s up to you. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
the title will appear in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
exactly as you typed it. However, mom converts the title to all
caps in
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
unless you turn that feature off (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#_caps">HEADER_<POSITION>_CAPS</a>).
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
the title always gets converted to caps.
</p>
<p>
TITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded by double-quotes.
Each argument is printed on a separate line, permitting you to
create multi-line titles in your docheaders.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If your <kbd><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a></kbd> is CHAPTER, TITLE
should be the title of the opus, not “CHAPTER whatever”.
</p>
</div>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to TITLE, the remaining string arguments represent the
title that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible
to have differing titles appear on the document cover, the cover
(“title”) page, and in the document header. For
example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE DOC_COVER "Collected Essays"
.TITLE COVER "The Meming of Meaning"
.TITLE "LOL Cat Corruption"
.AUTHOR "D. Rawkins"
.DOC_COVER TITLE AUTHOR
.COVER TITLE
.START
</span>
creates a document cover with “Collected Essays” and the
author, a cover page with “The Meming of Meaning”,
and a docheader title, “LOL Cat Corruption” at the top
of the essay.
</p>
<p>
Alternatively, you can use the macros
<a href="#doc-covertitle">DOC_COVERTITLE</a>
and
<a href="#covertitle">COVERTITLE</a>
to accomplish the same thing.
</p>
<h4 id="no-toc-entry" class="docs">Table of Contents exceptions</h4>
<p>
Except for standalone documents (i.e. non-collated documents such
as essays), the TITLE string appears as an entry in the Table of
Contents. If you would like a document section not to appear in the
Table of Contents (e.g. the copyright page), invoke the macro
<kbd>.NO_TOC_ENTRY</kbd> after <kbd>.TITLE</kbd>.
</p>
<!-- -DOCTITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-title" class="macro-id">DOCUMENT TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<overall document title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
This macro should be used only if your <a
href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> (which is
mom’s default). If your DOCTYPE is CHAPTER, use
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>
to set the overall document title for cover pages, document cover
pages, and page headers or footers.
</p>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.5em;">
When you’re creating a single document, say, an essay or a
short story, you have no need of this macro.
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>
takes care of all your title needs.
</p>
<p>
However if you’re
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">collating</a>
a bunch of documents together, say, to print out a report containing
many articles with different titles, or a book of short stories with
different authors, you need DOCTITLE.
</p>
<p>
DOCTITLE tells mom the title of the complete document (as opposed to
the title of each article or entitled section), and appears
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha">
<li>as the window title in PDF viewers (e.g. Okular or Evince)</li>
<li>in the initial rightmost position of page headers in the document</li>
</ol>
<p>
Moreover, DOCTITLE does not appear in the
<a href="definitions.html#pdfoutline">PDF outline</a>,
as its presence in window title would make it redundant.
</p>
<p>
The doctitle string can be caps or caps/lower-case; it’s up to
you. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
by default, the doctitle in
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
is all in caps, unless you turn that feature off (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#_caps">HEADER_<POSITION>_CAPS</a>).
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
the doctitle always gets converted to caps.
</p>
<p>
DOCTITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded
by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line document titles for use on
<a href="cover.html#cover">Covers</a>
and/or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">Doc covers</a>.
</p>
<!-- -SUBTITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="subtitle" class="macro-id">SUBTITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>SUBTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<subtitle>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The subtitle string can be caps or caps/lower-case. I recommend
caps/lower case.
</p>
<p>
SUBTITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded
by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line subtitles.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to SUBTITLE, the remaining string
arguments represent the subtitle that will appear on cover or
document cover pages (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to have
differing subtitles appear on the document cover, the cover
(“title”) page, and in the document header. An extreme
example would be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SUBTITLE "The Docheader Subtitle"
.SUBTITLE DOC_COVER "The Document Cover Subtitle"
.SUBTITLE COVER "The Cover Subtitle"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.SUBTITLE</kbd> establishes the
subtitle that appears in the docheader at the top of the first page
of a document. The second invocation establishes the subtitle that
appears on the document cover; the third establishes the subtitle
that appears on the cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing subtitles for doc cover and cover
pages, <kbd>.SUBTITLE</kbd>, without the optional first argument, is
sufficient, provided you give the word, <kbd>SUBTITLE</kbd>, as an
argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -AUTHOR- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="author" class="macro-id">AUTHOR</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>AUTHOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<author>" [ "<author2>" ["<author3>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="alias" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<i>Alias:</i> <b>EDITOR</b>
</p>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
Each author string can hold as many names as you like, e.g.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-bottom: -1em;">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
</span>
or
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow, Jane Doe" "John Hancock"
</span>
Mom prints each string that’s enclosed in double-quotes on a
separate line in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
however only the first string appears in
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
If you want mom to put something else in the author part of page
headers (say, just the last names of a document’s two
authors), redefine the appropriate part of the header (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-control">header/footer control</a>).
</p>
<p>
The strings can be caps or caps/lower-case. I recommend caps/lower
case.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to AUTHOR, the remaining string arguments represent the
author(s) that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible
to have differing authors on the document cover, the cover
(“title”) page, in the document first-page header and
subsequent page headers/footers. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.EDITOR DOC_COVER "John Smith" "and" "Jane Doe" \" EDITOR is an alias for AUTHOR
.AUTHOR COVER "Joe Blow" "(assisted by Jane Doe)"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.AUTHOR</kbd> establishes the author
that appears in the docheader at the top of the first page of
a document and in subsequent page headers/footers. The second
invocation establishes the authors (editors, in this instance) that
appear on the document cover; the third establishes the author(s)
that appear(s) on the cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing authors for doc cover and cover
pages, <kbd>.AUTHOR</kbd>, without the optional first argument, is
sufficient, provided you give the word, <kbd>AUTHOR</kbd> as an
argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="chapter" class="macro-id">CHAPTER</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>CHAPTER</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><chapter number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
The chapter number can be in any form you like—a digit, a roman
numeral, a word. If you choose
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE CHAPTER</a>,
mom prints whatever argument you pass CHAPTER beside the word,
“Chapter”, as a single line
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>.
She also puts the same thing in the middle of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<p>
Please note that if your argument to CHAPTER runs to more than one
word, you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
<p>
If you’re not using DOCTYPE CHAPTER, the macro can
be used to identify any document as a chapter <i>for the purpose of
prepending a chapter number to numbered head elements</i>, provided
you pass it a
<a href="definitions.html#numericargument">numeric argument</a>.
See
<a href="docelement.html#prefix-chapter-number">PREFIX_CHAPTER_NUMBER</a>.
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER_STRING- -->
<h3 id="chapter-string" class="docs">Chapter string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom to use the
word for “chapter” in your own language by telling her
what it is with the CHAPTER_STRING macro, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.CHAPTER_STRING "Chapître"
</span>
</p>
<p>
If you would like a blank chapter string, i.e., you’d like the
chapter number to appear without “Chapter” beforehand,
enter <kbd>.CHAPTER_STRING "\&"</kbd>.
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER_TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="chapter-title" class="macro-id">CHAPTER_TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<chapter title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
If, either in addition to or instead of “Chapter
<n>” appearing at the top of chapters, you want your
chapter to have a title, use CHAPTER_TITLE, with your title enclosed
in double-quotes, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.CHAPTER_TITLE "The DMCA Nazis"
</span>
</p>
<p>
CHAPTER_TITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded by
double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line chapter titles in your
docheaders.
</p>
<p>
If you’ve used
<a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a>
to give the chapter a number, both “Chapter <n>”
and the chapter title will appear at the top of the chapter, like
this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
Chapter 1
The DMCA Nazis
</span>
In such a case, by default, only the chapter’s title will appear in
the
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>,
not “Chapter <n>”.
</p>
<p>
If you omit CHAPTER when setting up your reference macros, only the
title will appear, both at the top of page one and in subsequent
page headers.
</p>
<p>
The style of the chapter title can be altered by
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>,
e.g. CHAPTER_TITLE_FAMILY, CHAPTER_TITLE_FONT, etc. The default
family, font and point size are Times Roman, Bold Italic, 4 points
larger than
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
</p>
<!-- -DRAFT- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="draft" class="macro-id">DRAFT</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DRAFT</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><draft number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
DRAFT only gets used with
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>.
If the COPYSTYLE is FINAL (the default), mom ignores DRAFT. DRAFT
accepts both alphabetic and numeric arguments, hence it’s
possible to do either
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT 2
or
.DRAFT Two
</span>
</p>
<p>
Mom prints the argument to <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> (i.e. the draft number)
beside the word “Draft” in the middle part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">A small word of caution:</span>
If your argument to <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> is more than one word long,
you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
</div>
<p>
You may, if you wish, invoke <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> without an
argument, in which case, no draft number will be printed beside
“Draft” in headers or footers.
</p>
<!-- -DRAFT_STRING- -->
<h3 id="draft-string" class="docs">The draft string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom
to use the word for “draft” in your own language by
telling her what it is with the DRAFT_STRING macro,
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT_STRING "Jet"
</span>
</p>
<p>
Equally, DRAFT_STRING can be used to roll your own solution to
something other than the word “Draft.” For example, you
might want “Trial run alpha-three” to appear in the
headers of a draft version. You’d accomplish this by doing
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT alpha-three
.DRAFT_STRING "Trial run"
</span>
</p>
<p>
If you wanted only “Trial run” to appear, entering
<kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> without an argument as well as
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING "Trial run"</kbd> is how you’d do it.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If you define both a blank <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and a blank
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd>, mom skips the draft field in headers
entirely. If this is what you want, this is also the only way
to do it. Simply omitting invocations of <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> will result in mom using her default, which
is to print “Draft <number>”.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -REVISION- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="revision" class="macro-id">REVISION</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>REVISION</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><revision number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
REVISION only gets used with
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>.
If the COPYSTYLE is FINAL (the default), mom ignores the REVISION
macro. REVISION accepts both alphabetic and numeric arguments, hence
it’s possible to do either
<br/>
<span class="pre" style="margin-bottom: -1em;">
.REVISION 2
</span>
or
<span class="pre" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
.REVISION Two
</span>
</p>
<p>
Mom prints the revision number beside the shortform
“Rev.” in the middle part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">A small word of caution:</span>
If your argument to <kbd>.REVISION</kbd> is more than one word long,
you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
</div>
<p>
You may, if you wish, invoke <kbd>.REVISION</kbd> without an
argument, in which case, no revision number will be printed beside
“Rev.” in headers or footers.
</p>
<!-- -REVISION_STRING- -->
<h3 id="revision-string" class="docs">The revision string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom
to use the word for “revision,” or a shortform
thereof, in your own language by telling her what it is with the
REVISION_STRING macro, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.REVISION_STRING "Rév."
</span>
</p>
<p>
Additionally, you may sometimes want to make use of mom’s
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>
but not actually require any draft information. For example,
you might like mom to indicate only the revision number of
your document. The way to do that is to define an empty
<kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and <kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> in addition to
<kbd>.REVISION</kbd>, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT
.DRAFT_STRING
.REVISION 2
</span>
</p>
<p>
Equally, if you want to roll your own solution to what revision
information appears in headers, you could do something like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT
.DRAFT_STRING
.REVISION "two-twenty-two"
.REVISION_STRING "Revision"
</span>
</p>
<p>
The above, naturally, has no draft information. If you want to roll
your own <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and/or <kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> as well,
simply supply arguments to either or both.
</p>
<!-- -COPYRIGHT- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="copyright" class="macro-id">COPYRIGHT</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COPYRIGHT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<copyright info>"</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Argument must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The required argument to COPYRIGHT is only used on cover or doc cover
pages, and then only if the argument COPYRIGHT is passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
Do not include the copyright symbol in the argument passed to
COPYRIGHT; mom puts it in for you.
</p>
<p>
The optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
should only be used if you have both a doc cover and a cover and want
differing copyright information on each (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have differing copyright information on the document cover and on
the cover (“title”) page. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT DOC_COVER "2010 John Smith and Jane Doe"
.COPYRIGHT COVER "2008 Joe Blow"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.COPYRIGHT</kbd> establishes the
copyright information that appears on the document cover; the second
establishes the copyright information that appears on the cover
(“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing copyright information for
doc cover and cover pages, <kbd>.COPYRIGHT</kbd>, without the
optional first argument, is sufficient, provided you give the word,
<kbd>COPYRIGHT</kbd>, as an argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<p>
Style parameters for the copyright line may be
entered as individual macros or
<a href="docelement.html#grouping">grouped</a>,
e.g.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT_FAMILY H
.COPYRIGHT_FONT R
.COPYRIGHT_SIZE -2
</span>
or
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT_STYLE \
FAMILY H \
FONT R \
SIZE -2
</span>
The vertical position of the copyright line may be raised (-) or
lowered (+) with the macro COPYRIGHT_V_ADJUST. For example, to
raise the copyright line by 3
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">points</a>, you’d do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT_V_ADJUST -3p
</span>
Alternatively, the COPYRIGHT_STYLE macro may be used with the
argument <kbd>V_ADJUST</kbd>:
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT_STYLE \
FAMILY H \
FONT R \
SIZE -2 \
V_ADJUST -3p
</span>
</p>
<!-- -MISC- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="misc" class="macro-id">MISC</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>MISC</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<argument 1>" ["<argument 2>" "<argument 3>" ...]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The argument(s) passed to MISC are only used on cover or doc cover
pages, and then only if the argument <kbd>MISC</kbd> is passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
MISC can contain any information you like. Each argument appears on
a separate line at the bottom of the cover or doc cover page.
</p>
<p>
For example, if you’re submitting an essay where the prof has
requested that you include the course number, his name and the date,
you could do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.MISC "Music History 101" "Professor Hasbeen" "Dec. 24, 2010"
</span>
and the information would appear on the essay’s cover page.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to MISC, the string arguments represent the miscellaneous
information that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see
the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have differing miscellaneous information on the document cover and
on the cover (“title”) page. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.MISC DOC_COVER "Music History 101" "Professor Hasbeen"
.MISC COVER "Spring Term Paper"
</span>
</p>
<p>
The first invocation of <kbd>.MISC</kbd> establishes the
miscellaneous information that appears on the document cover; the
second establishes the miscellaneous information that appears on the
cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing miscellaneous information
for doc cover and cover pages, <kbd>.MISC</kbd>, without the
optional first argument, is sufficient, provided you give the word
“MISC” as an argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -COVER_TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 class="macro-id">COVERTITLE & DOC_COVERTITLE</h3>
</div>
<div id="covertitle" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COVERTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<user defined cover page title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<div id="doc-covertitle" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_COVERTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<user defined document cover page title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The arguments passed to COVERTITLE or DOC_COVERTITLE are only
used on cover or doc cover pages, and then only if the argument
<kbd>COVERTITLE</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVERTITLE</kbd> is explicitly
passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
</p>
<p>
COVERTITLE and DOC_COVERTITLE accept multiple arguments, each
surrounded by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate
line, permitting you to create multi-line titles on your cover
and/or doc cover pages.
</p>
<p>
You only require COVERTITLE or DOC_COVERTITLE if they differ from
TITLE. Note that
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>
itself has two optional arguments that accomplish the same thing.
</p>
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 class="macro-id">PDF Title</h3>
</div>
<div id="pdftitle" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>PDF_TITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<pdf viewer window title>"</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Argument must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
Except for
<a href="#doc-title">DOCTITLE</a>,
mom does not, by default, provide PDF viewers with a document title.
You may set one, if you like, with PDF_TITLE.
</p>
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 class="macro-id">TOC heading</h3>
</div>
<div id="toc-heading" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>TOC_HEADING</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<single line TOC heading>"</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Argument must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
Mom generates tables of contents automatically (see
<a href="tables-of-contents.html#toc">TOC</a>).
You may sometimes want to insert a line of text into the table of
contents without it referring to a page number, for example to
identify a “Part I” and a “Part II.”
</p>
<p>
Placed before any instance of
<a href="#start">START,</a>
TOC_HEADING inserts its text into the table of contents with a
modest amount of whitespace around it to distinguish it easily
from table of contents entries.
</p>
<p>
The appearance of the heading may be controlled with
the macro
<a href="#toc-heading-style">TOC_HEADING_STYLE</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc-heading-style" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>TOC_HEADING_STYLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<arguments>"</kbd>
</div>
<p>
TOC_HEADING_STYLE controls the look of TOC headings. It is a
<a href="docelement.html#grouping">“grouping”</a>
style macro with multiple arguments. It is recommended that
you use the backslash character to separate them into individual
lines rather than entering a single, very long line.
</p>
<p>
TOC_HEADING_STYLE accepts as many or as few arguments as you need:
<span class="pre-in-pp">
FAMILY <family> \
FONT <font> \
SIZE <+|-n> \
COLOR <colorname>* \
QUAD L | C | R \
SPACE_ABOVE <n>** \
SPACE_BENEATH <n>**
</span>
* <kbd>COLOR</kbd> must be pre-initialized with
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>.
<br/>
** <kbd>SPACE_ABOVE</kbd> and <kbd>SPACE_BENEATH</kbd> require a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
to be appended to their numeric argument.
</p>
<p>
For example, if you want your TOC headings to be bold, slightly
larger than the rest of the table of contents, centred, and with
one linespace beforehand,
<span class="pre-in-pp">
FONT B \
SIZE +.5 \
QUAD C \
SPACE_ABOVE 1v
</span>
</p>
<p>
See
<a href="docelement.html#control-macro-args">Arguments to the control macros</a>
for further information about the arguments. Note that
<kbd>SPACE_ABOVE</kbd> and <kbd>SPACE_BENEATH</kbd> are unique to
TOC_HEADING_STYLE.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="docstyle-macros" class="macro-group">The docstyle macros</h2>
<p>
The docstyle macros tell mom what type of document you’re
writing, whether you want the output typeset or “typewritten,
double-spaced”, and whether you want a draft copy (with draft
and revision information in the headers) or a final copy.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-docstyle" class="macro-list">Docstyle macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a></li>
<li><a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a> – non-optional macro required for document processing
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em; list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="#typeset-defaults">Defaults for PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewrite-defaults">Defaults for PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em; list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="#typewrite-control">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -1.5em; list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="#typewriter-family">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewriter-size">Point size</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewriter-underlining">Underlining of italics</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -DOCTYPE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doctype" class="macro-id">DOCTYPE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCTYPE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">DEFAULT | CHAPTER | NAMED "<name>" | LETTER | SLIDES</kbd>
</div>
<p>
The arguments <kbd>DEFAULT,</kbd> <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> and
<kbd>NAMED</kbd> tell mom what to put in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
<kbd>LETTER</kbd> and <kbd>SLIDES</kbd> tells her you want to write
a letter or create slides.
</p>
<p>
Mom’s default DOCTYPE is <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd>. If that’s
what you want, you don’t have to give a DOCTYPE command.
</p>
<p id="default-doctype">
<kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> prints a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
containing the title, subtitle and author information given to the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>,
and page headers with the author and title. (See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default specs for headers</a>
for how mom outputs each part of the page header.)
</p>
<p>
<kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> prints “Chapter <n>” in place
of a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
(<n> is what you gave to the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macro</a>,
<kbd><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a></kbd>).
If you give the chapter a title with
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a>,
mom prints “Chapter <n>” and the
title underneath. If you omit the
<a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a>
reference macro but supply a
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a>,
mom prints only the chapter title.
</p>
<p>
The page headers in DOCTYPE <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> contain the author,
the title of the book (which you gave with
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>),
and “Chapter <n>” (or the chapter title). See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default Specs for Headers</a>
for mom’s default type parameters for each part of
the page header.
</p>
<p>
<kbd>NAMED</kbd> takes an additional argument: a name for this
particular kind of document (e.g. outline, synopsis, abstract,
memorandum), enclosed in double-quotes. <kbd>NAMED</kbd> is
identical to <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> except that mom prints the argument
to <kbd>NAMED</kbd> beneath the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
as well as in page headers.
(See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default specs for headers</a>
for how mom outputs each part of the page header.)
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p id="doctype-note" class="tip">
<span class="note">Note: version 2.1 change</span>
<br/>
<kbd>DOCTYPE NAMED "string"</kbd> no longer accepts a colour
argument after <kbd>"string"</kbd>. Setting the colour
of the string is now done with <kbd><span class="nobr">DOCTYPE_COLOR
<color></span></kbd>. Default underscoring of
<kbd>"string"</kbd> in the docheader and on covers
has been removed. Use <kbd>DOCTYPE_UNDERSCORE</kbd>,
<kbd>DOC_COVER_DOCTYPE_UNDERSCORE</kbd> and/or
<kbd>COVER_DOCTYPE_UNDERSCORE</kbd> to re-enable it. All three take
the same arguments listed in the
<a href="docelement.html#underscore">Underscore style, rule weight</a>
section of
<a href="docelement.html#control-macro-args">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>LETTER</kbd> tells mom you’re writing a letter. See the
section
<a href="letters.html#letters">Writing Letters</a>
for instructions on using mom to format letters.
</p>
<h4 id="slides" class="docs" style="font-size: 100%; text-transform: uppercase">Slides</h4>
<p>
PDF slides are a special kind of mom document, formatted for viewing
in a PDF reader’s presentation mode. In most respects, they
behave identically to the other document types. Key differences
are:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em">
<li>headers, footers, and pagination are disabled by default</li>
<li>type is set
<a href="typesetting.html#quad">QUAD CENTER</a>
by default</li>
<li>
<a href="#flex">flex-spacing</a>
and
<a href="#shim">shimming</a>
are disabled by default; shimming may
be re-enabled (with <kbd>NO_SHIM OFF</kbd>), but not flex-spacing</li>
<li>there’s no need for
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
DOCTYPE SLIDES takes up to five optional arguments, which come
immediately after SLIDES. They may be entered in any order.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
DOCTYPE SLIDES \
ASPECT 4:3 | 16:9 \
HEADER "left" "centre" "right" \
FOOTER "left" "centre" "right" \
TRANSITION "<slide transition effect>" (mode + parameters) \
PAUSE "<text reveal effect>" (mode + parameters)
</span>
For convenience, you many want to enter each argument on a single
line as shown above; all but the last must be terminated by a
backslash.
</p>
<h5 class="docs" style="margin-top: .5em">Aspect</h5>
<p>
Slides can be formatted for one of two aspect ratios common to
monitors and screens: 4:3 and 16:9. The default is 16:9.
<span class="pre-in-pp">
4:3 16:9
media size: 11" x 8.25" media size: 11" x 8.1875"
left/right margins: 36 points left/right margins: 36 points
top margin: 90 points top margin: 80 points
bottom margin: 84 points bottom margin: 72 points
base text size: 16 points base text size: 14 points
autoleading: 6 points, adjusted autoleading: 4 points, adjusted
(header/footer size: -3 points) (header/footer size: -2 points)
</span>
Note that both media sizes fit on either A4 or US LETTER papersizes.
</p>
<h5 class="docs" style="margin-top: .5em">Headers, footers, and pagination</h5>
<p>
If you want a header, footer, or both for your slides, pass SLIDES
the <kbd>HEADER</kbd> and/or <kbd>FOOTER</kbd> argument(s). Both
take three additional
<a href="definitions.html#stringargument">string arguments</a>,
which must be enclosed in double-quotes, defining the left, centre,
and right parts of the header/footer. Any parts you want left blank
should be entered as two double-quotes. For example,
<span class="pre-in-pp">
HEADER "" "My slide presentation" ""
</span>
will result in a header with only the centre part.
</p>
<p>
Normal pagination is disabled for slides. If you want your slides
numbered, the slide number must be given to one of the header/footer
parts with the
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>
<br/>
<kbd><span class="nobr">\*[SLIDE#]</span></kbd>. For example:
<span class="pre-in-pp">
HEADER "" "My slide presentation" "" \
FOOTER "" "" "\*[SLIDE#]"
</span>
will give you a centred header with numbering at the bottom right of
the slide.
</p>
<p>
The overall family, size, and colour of headers may be set with
HEADER_FAMILY, HEADER_SIZE, and HEADER_COLOR. If you request
FOOTERS, you may use the FOOTER_ equivalent of these macros.
If you request both headers and footers, use one or the other but
not both. For example, in a header/footer situation, HEADER_FAMILY
would determine the family for both headers and footers, but if you
attempted to do this
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.HEADER_FAMILY T
.FOOTER_FAMILY H
</span>
FOOTER_FAMILY would take precedence, and your header family would be
“<kbd>H</kbd>”.
</p>
<p>
All other formatting of individual header/footer parts must be
entered as inline escapes inside the double-quotes. If you want,
say, your headers to be red but your footer page numbering to be
black and two points larger, this is how you’d do it:
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.HEADER_COLOR red
.DOCTYPE SLIDES \
HEADER "" "My slide presentation" "" \
FOOTER "" "" "\*[black]\*S[+2]\*[SLIDE#]\*S[-2]"
</span>
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Do not use mom’s
<a href="inlines.html#inline-size-mom"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*[SIZE ±n]</span></kbd></a>
inline escape to change point size in the strings
passed to HEADER or FOOTER. Prefer either mom’s
<kbd><span class="nobr">\*S[±n]</span></kbd> or groff’s
<kbd><span class="nobr">\s[±n]</span></kbd>.
</p>
</div>
<h5 class="docs" style="margin-top: .5em">Transition</h5>
<p>
“Transition” refers to how new slides appear during a
presentation. The official PDF specification lists a number of modes,
each with a choice of configurable parameters. Modes include Box,
Blinds, Wipe, Fade, and several others. Parameters include things
like duration, dimension, and direction. There are a total of
twelve modes; for each one there are from one to six configurable
parameters. Consult <kbd>man gropdf(1)</kbd> for a complete listing
of modes and parameters.
</p>
<p>
If you pass SLIDES the <kbd>TRANSITION</kbd> argument, you must
at a minimum follow it with a mode. Afterwards, you may give as
many or as few parameters as you wish. Parameters are, in order,
<span class="pre-in-pp">
1. duration
2. dimension
3. motion
4. direction
5. scale
6. bool
</span>
You don’t have to fill them all out. If you only need the
first three, that’s all you need to input. If you need the
first and third, enter the second as a period (dot), which is used
any time you want to leave a parameter at its current default or
when it isn’t applicable. For example, if you want a Box
transition that lasts 1 second, filling the screen from the centre
outwards, you’d enter
<span class="pre-in-pp">
TRANSITION "Box 1 . O"
</span>
because Box does not take a “dimension” parameter but it
does take a motion parameter.
</p>
<p>
Notice that the entire string (mode+parameters) must be enclosed in
double-quotes.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Not all PDF viewers support all modes. Any that are not supported
are replaced by the “R” mode, which simply replaces one
slide with the next unless the PDF viewer has a different default
transition mode.
</p>
</div>
<h5 class="docs" style="margin-top: .5em">Pause</h5>
<p>
A “pause” occurs when material on a slide is halted (see
<a href="#pause">PAUSE</a>),
awaiting a mouse click, PgDown, Next, or the spacebar to reveal
subsequent material. All the same modes and parameters as
<kbd>TRANSITION</kbd> may be used. The manner of entering them is
is identical, including that the entire mode+parameter string must
be enclosed in double-quotes.
</p>
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="slide-macros" class="macro-id">SLIDE MACROS</h3>
</div>
<div id="newslide" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>NEWSLIDE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">["<transition mode and parameters>"]</kbd>
</div>
<p>
Unless you want material from one slide to flow onto the next, you
need to tell mom when to start a new slide with the macro NEWSLIDE.
Without any arguments, the new slide will appear with the default
TRANSITION you gave to DOCTYPE SLIDES.
</p>
<p>
If you would like a different transition, you may pass NEWSLIDE a
new mode and associated parameters, following the same rules as the
TRANSITION argument to DOCTYPE. Note that the new effect becomes
the default. If you wish to return to the original transition, you
must give it explicitly to the appropriate NEWSLIDE.
</p>
<div id="pause" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>PAUSE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">["<pause mode and parameters>"]</kbd>
</div>
<p>
Pauses in slides are accomplished by entering the macro PAUSE at
desired locations in your input file. Subsequent material will be
revealed using the pause mode given to DOCTYPE SLIDES.
</p>
<p>
If you would like a different mode, you may pass PAUSE a
new mode and associated parameters, following the same rules as the
PAUSE argument to DOCTYPE.
</p>
<div id="transition" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>TRANSITION</b> <kbd class="macro-args">["<transition mode and parameters>"]</kbd>
</div>
<p>
If for some reason you have material that flows from one slide to
the next <i>and</i> you want the next slide to have a transition
different from the current one, you can tell mom about the new
transition with the macro TRANSITION anywhere prior to the break to
the next slide.
</p>
<h4 id="slide-printing" class="docs" style="font-size: 100%; text-transform: uppercase">Printing slides</h4>
<p>
If you want to print slides as handouts, you have to tell
<kbd>pdfmom</kbd> or <kbd>gropdf</kbd>, otherwise printing will
stop at the first pause. Simply precede <kbd>pdfmom</kbd> or
<kbd>gropdf</kbd> with GROPDF_NOSLIDE=1, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
GROPDF_NOSLIDE=1 pdfmom <options> slidefile.mom > slidefile.pdf
</span>
</p>
<!-- -PRINTSTYLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="printstyle" class="macro-id">PRINTSTYLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>PRINTSTYLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">TYPESET | TYPEWRITE [ SINGLESPACE ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Required for document processing, except in the case of
slides
<br/>
Must come before any changes to default document style
</p>
<p>
PRINTSTYLE tells mom whether to typeset a document, or to print it
out “typewritten, doubled-spaced”.
</p>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip-top">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
<b>This macro may not be omitted.</b> In order for document
processing to take place, mom requires a PRINTSTYLE. If you
don’t give one, mom will warn you on stderr and print a single
page with a nasty message.
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
<span class="important">Just as important:</span>
<b>PRINTSTYLE must precede any and all page and style
parameters associated with a document</b> with the exception of
<kbd>PAPER</kbd>, which should be placed at the top of your file.
PRINTSTYLE sets up complete templates that include default margins,
family, fonts, point sizes, and so on. Therefore, changes to any
aspect of document style must come afterwards. For example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.PAPER A4
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
</span>
will not change mom’s default document leading to 14 points,
nor the default justification style (fully justified) to left
justified, whereas
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.PAPER A4
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT
</span>
will.
</p>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>TYPESET</kbd>, as the argument implies, typesets
documents (by default in Times Roman; see
<a href="#typeset-defaults">TYPESET defaults</a>).
You have full access to all the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
as well as the
<a href="definitions.html#style-control">style control macros</a>
of document processing.
</p>
<p>
With <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>, mom does her best to reproduce the look
and feel of typewritten, double-spaced copy (see
<a href="#typewrite-defaults">TYPEWRITE defaults</a>).
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">Control macros</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#intro-macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
that alter family, font, point size, and
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
are (mostly) ignored. An important exception is
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>
(and, by extension, FOOTER_SIZE), which allows you to reduce the
point size of headers/footers should they become too crowded. Most
of mom’s inlines affecting the appearance of type are also
ignored
(<a href="inlines.html#inline-size-mom"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*S[<size>]</span></kbd></a>
is an exception; there may be a few others).
</p>
<p>
In short, <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> never produces effects
other than those available on a typewriter. Don’t be fooled
by how brainless this sounds; mom is remarkably sophisticated when
it comes to conveying the typographic sense of a document within the
confines of <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>.
</p>
<p>
The primary uses of <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> are: outputting hard
copy drafts of your work (for editing) and producing documents
for submission to publishers and agents who (wisely) insist on
typewritten, double-spaced copy. To get a nicely typeset version of
work that’s in the submission phase of its life (say, to show
fellow writers for critiquing), simply change <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>
to <kbd>TYPESET</kbd> and print out a copy.
</p>
<p>
If, for some reason, you would prefer the output of
<kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> single-spaced, pass PRINTSTYLE
<kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> the optional argument, <kbd>SINGLESPACE</kbd>.
</p>
<div class="defaults-container">
<h3 id="typeset-defaults" class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET defaults</h3>
<span class="pre defaults">
Family = Times Roman
Point size = 12.5
Paragraph leading = 16 points, adjusted
Fill mode = justified
Hyphenation = enabled
max. lines = 2
margin = 36 points
interword adjustment = 1 point
Kerning = enabled
Ligatures = enabled
Smartquotes = enabled
Word space = groff default
Sentence space = 0
</span>
</div>
<div class="defaults-container">
<h3 id="typewrite-defaults" class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE defaults</h3>
<span class="pre defaults">
Family = Courier
Italics = underlined
Point size = 12
Paragraph leading = 24 points, adjusted; 12 points for SINGLESPACE
Fill mode = left
Hyphenation = disabled
Kerning = disabled
Ligatures = disabled
Smartquotes = disabled
Word space = groff default
Sentence space = groff default
Columns = ignored
</span>
</div>
<div class="box-tip" style="margin-top: 1.5em;">
<h3 id="typewrite-control" class="docs control">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros</h3>
<h4 id="typewriter-family" class="docs">Family</h4>
<p style="margin-top: .5em;">
If you’d prefer a monospace
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>
for PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> other than mom’s
default, Courier, you can change it with
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_FAMILY <family></kbd> (or
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_FAM</kbd>). Since groff ships with only the
Courier family, you will have to install any other monospace family
yourself. See
<a href="appendices.html#fonts">Adding fonts to
groff</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="typewriter-size" class="docs">Point size</h4>
<p style="margin-top: .5em;">
If you’d like a smaller or larger point size for
PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> (mom’s default is 12-point),
you can change it with
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_SIZE <size></kbd>. There’s no need to
add a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
to the <kbd><size></kbd> argument; points is assumed. Be
aware, however, that regardless of point size, mom’s
leading/linespacing for <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> is fixed at 24-point
for double-spaced, and 12-point for single-spaced.
</p>
<h4 id="typewriter-underlining" class="docs">Underlining of italics</h4>
<p>
In PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>, mom, by default, underlines
anything that looks like italics. This includes the
<a href="typesetting.html#slant-inline"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*[SLANT]</span></kbd></a>
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>
for pseudo-italics. (See
<a href="goodies.html#underline">UNDERLINE</a>
for a note on how to process TYPEWRITE files that underline
italics.)
</p>
<p id="printstyle-italics">
If you’d prefer that mom were less bloody-minded
about pretending to be a typewriter (i.e., you’d like italics and
pseudo-italics to come out as italics), use the control macros
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ITALIC_MEANS_ITALIC
</span>
and
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SLANT_MEANS_SLANT
</span>
Neither requires an argument.
</p>
<p>
Although it’s unlikely, should you wish to reverse
the sense of these macros in the midst of a document,
<kbd>.UNDERLINE_ITALIC</kbd> and <kbd>.UNDERLINE_SLANT</kbd> restore
underlining of italics and pseudo-italics.
</p>
<p id="underline-quotes">
Additionally, by default, mom underlines
<a href="definitions.html#quotes">quotes</a>
(but not
<a href="definitions.html#blockquotes">blockquotes</a>)
in PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. If you don’t like this
behaviour, turn it off with
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.UNDERLINE_QUOTES OFF
</span>
</p>
<p>
To turn underlining of quotes back on, use UNDERLINE_QUOTES without
an argument.
</p>
<p>
While most of the
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>
have no effect on PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>, there
is an important exception:
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>
(and by extension, FOOTER_SIZE). This is
particularly useful for reducing the point size of
headers/footers should they become crowded (quite likely to
happen if the title of your document is long and your
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a>
is <kbd>DRAFT</kbd>).
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
Finally, note that colour is disabled for <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. If
you would like it enabled, for example so PDF links are colourised,
invoke the groff
<a href="definitions.html#primitives">primitive</a>
'<kbd>.color</kbd>' after PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -COPYSTYLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="copystyle" class="macro-id">COPYSTYLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COPYSTYLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">DRAFT | FINAL</kbd>
</div>
<p>
Mom’s default COPYSTYLE is <kbd>FINAL</kbd>, so you
don’t have to use this macro unless you want to.
</p>
<p>
COPYSTYLE <kbd>DRAFT</kbd> exhibits the following behaviour:
</p>
<ol style="margin-top: -.5em;">
<li>Documents start on page 1, whether or not you
request a different starting page number with
<a href="headfootpage.html#pagenumber">PAGENUMBER</a>.
</li>
<li>Page numbers are set in lower case roman numerals.</li>
<li>The draft number supplied by
<a href="#draft">DRAFT</a>
and a revision number, if supplied with
<a href="#revision">REVISION</a>
(see
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>),
appear in the centre part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
(or footers, depending on which you’ve selected) along with
any other information that normally appears there.
</li>
</ol>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
If you define your own centre part for page headers with
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-center">HEADER_CENTER</a>,
no draft and/or revision number will appear there. If you want
draft and revision information in this circumstance, use
<a href="headfootpage.html#draft-with-pagenumber">DRAFT_WITH_PAGENUMBER</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
COPYSTYLE <kbd>FINAL</kbd> differs from <kbd>DRAFT</kbd> in that:
</p>
<ol style="margin-top: -.5em;">
<li>It respects the starting page number you give the document.</li>
<li>Page numbers are set in normal (Arabic) digits.</li>
<li>No draft or revision number appears in the page headers.</li>
</ol>
<div class="box-tip">
<p id="copystyle-note" class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
The centre part of page headers can get crowded, especially with
<a href="docprocessing.html#doctype">DOCTYPE <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd></a>
and
<a href="docprocessing.html#doctype">DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd></a>,
when the COPYSTYLE is <kbd>DRAFT</kbd>. Three mechanisms are
available to overcome this problem. One is to reduce the overall
size of headers (with
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>).
Another, which only works with
<a href="docprocessing.html#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd></a>,
is to reduce the size of the header’s centre part only (with
<a href="headfootpage.html#_size">HEADER_CENTER_SIZE</a>).
And finally, you can elect to have the draft/revision information
attached to page numbers instead of having it appear in the centre
of page headers (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#draft-with-pagenumber">DRAFT_WITH_PAGENUMBER</a>).
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="start-macro" class="macro-group">Initiate document processing</h2>
<p>
In order to use mom’s document element macros (tags), you have
to tell her you want them. The macro to do this is
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
START collects the information you gave mom in the setup section at
the top of your file (see
<a href="#docprocessing-tut">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</a>),
merges it with her defaults, sets up headers and page numbering,
and prepares mom to process your document using the document
element tags. No document processing takes place until you invoke
<kbd>.START</kbd>.
</p>
<!-- -START- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="start" class="macro-id">START</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>START</b>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Required for document processing
</p>
<p>
START takes no arguments. It simply instructs mom to begin document
processing. If you don’t want document processing (i.e., you
only want the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>),
don’t use START.
</p>
<p>
At a barest minimum before START, you must enter a
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
command.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="style-before-start" class="macro-group">Establishing typestyle and formatting parameters before START</h2>
<p>
In the third (optional) part of setting up a document (the
stylesheet; see
<a href="#docprocessing-tut">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</a>),
you can use the
<a href="typesetting.html">typesetting macros</a>
to change mom’s document-wide defaults for margins,
line length, family, base point size,
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
and justification style.
</p>
<p>
Two additional style concerns have to be addressed here (i.e. in
macros before
<a href="#start">START</a>):
changes to the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
and whether you want you want the document’s nominal leading
adjusted to fill pages fully to the bottom margin.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container" style="margin-top: 2em;">
<h3 id="index-style-before-start" class="macro-list">Type & formatting parameters before START</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#type-before-start">Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 120%; margin-bottom: .25em;">
<li><a href="#meanings">List of meanings</a></li>
<li><a href="#lrc-note">Special note on LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER</a></li>
<li><a href="#color">Initializing colours</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#include">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a> – adjust linespacing to fill pages and align bottom margins</li>
<li><a href="#docheader">DOCHEADER</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 120%;">
<li><a href="#docheader-control">Docheader control</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#columns">COLUMNS</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 120%;">
<li><a href="#col-next">COL_NEXT</a></li>
<li><a href="#col-break">COL_BREAK</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="type-before-start" class="docs">Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</h3>
<p>
From time to time (or maybe frequently), you’ll want the
overall look of a document to differ from mom’s defaults.
Perhaps you’d like her to use a different
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>,
or a different overall
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
or have different left and/or right page margins.
</p>
<p>
To accomplish such alterations, use the appropriate
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
(listed below) after
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
More than one user has, quite understandably, not fully grasped the
significance of the preceding sentence. The part they’ve missed is
<i>after</i> PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
<p>
Changes to any aspect of the default look and/or formatting of a mom
document must come after PRINTSTYLE. For example, it might seem
natural to set up page margins at the very top of a document with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.L_MARGIN 1i
.R_MARGIN 1.5i
</span>
However, when you invoke <kbd>.PRINTSTYLE</kbd>, those margins
will be overridden. The correct place to set margins—and
all other changes to the look of a document—is <i>after</i>
PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
Do not use the macros listed in
<a href="#intro-doc-param">Changing document-wide typesetting parameters after START</a>
prior to START; they are exclusively for use afterwards.
</p>
</div>
<div id="meanings" class="defaults-container">
<h3 class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">Meanings</h3>
<p style="margin-left: 9px; margin-top: -.25em;">
When used before START, the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>,
below have the following meanings:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
L_MARGIN Left margin of pages, including headers/footers
R_MARGIN Right margin of pages, including headers/footers
T_MARGIN The point at which running text (i.e. not
headers/footers or page numbers) starts on each
page
B_MARGIN* The point at which running text (i.e. not
(see note) headers/footers or page numbers) ends on each page
PAGE If you use PAGE, its final four arguments have the
same meaning as L_ R_ T_ and B_MARGIN (above).
LL The line length for everything on the page;
equivalent to setting the right margin with
R_MARGIN
FAMILY The family of all type in the document
PT_SIZE The point size of type in paragraphs; mom uses
this to calculate automatic point size changes
(e.g. for heads, footnotes, quotes, headers, etc)
LS/AUTOLEAD** The leading used in paragraphs; all leading and
spacing of running text is calculated from this
QUAD/JUSTIFY Affects paragraphs only
LEFT*** No effect
RIGHT*** No effect
CENTER*** No effect
------
*See <a href="headfootpage.html#footer-margin">FOOTER MARGIN AND BOTTOM MARGIN</a> for an important warning
**See <kbd><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></kbd>
***See <a href="#lrc-note">Special note</a>
</span>
</p>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.75em;">
Other macros that deal with type style, or refinements thereof
(<a href="typesetting.html#kern">KERN</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#ligatures">LIGATURES</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#hy">HY</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#ws">WS</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#ss">SS</a>,
etc.), behave normally. It is not recommended that you set up tabs
or indents prior to START.
</p>
<p>
If you want to change any of the basic parameters (above)
<i>after</i> START and have them affect a document globally (as if
you’d entered them <i>before</i> START), you must use the macros
listed in
<a href="#intro-doc-param">Changing document-wide typesetting parameters after START</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="lrc-note" class="docs">Special note on LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER prior to START</h4>
<p>
In a word, these three macros have no effect on document processing
when invoked prior to START.
</p>
<p>
All mom’s document element tags
(<a href="docelement.html#pp">PP</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#heading">HEADING</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#blockquote">BLOCKQUOTE</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#footnote">FOOTNOTE</a>,
etc.) except
<a href="docelement.html#quote">QUOTE</a>
set a
<a href="definitions.html#filled">fill mode</a>
as soon as they’re invoked. If you wish to turn fill mode off
for the duration of any tag (with
<a href="typesetting.html#lrc">LEFT, RIGHT or CENTER</a>)
you must do so immediately after invoking the tag. Furthermore,
the change affects <i>only</i> the current invocation of the tag.
Subsequent invocations of the same tag for which you want the same
change require that you invoke <kbd>.LEFT</kbd>, <kbd>.RIGHT</kbd>
or <kbd>.CENTER</kbd> immediately after every invocation of the tag.
</p>
<!-- -INCLUDE- -->
<h4 id="include" class="docs">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</h4>
<p>
If you routinely make the same changes to mom’s defaults in
order to create similar documents in a similar style—in other
words, you need a template— you can create stylesheet files
and include, or “source”, them into your mom documents
with the macro <kbd>.INCLUDE</kbd>. The right place for such style
sheets is after
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
Say, for example, in a particular kind of document, you always
want main heads set in Helvetica Bold Italic, flush left, with
no underscore. You’d create a file, let’s call it
<kbd>head-template</kbd>, in which you’d place the pertinent
HEADIING control macros.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.HEADING_STYLE 1 \
FAMILY H \
FONT BI \
QUAD L \
NO_UNDERSCORE
</span>
Then, in the preliminary document set-up section of your main file,
you’d include the style sheet, or template, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "Sample Document
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
\#
.INCLUDE head-template
\#
.START
</span>
The blank comment lines ( <kbd>\#</kbd> ) aren’t required, but
they do make your file(s) easier to read.
</p>
<p>
If the file to be included is in the same directory as the file
you’re working, you simply enter the filename after
<kbd>.INCLUDE</kbd>. If the file’s in another directory, you must
provide a full path name to it. For example, if you’re working in
a directory called <kbd>/home/joe/stories</kbd> and your
stylesheet is in <kbd>/home/joe/stylesheets</kbd>, the above
example would have to look like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "Sample Document
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
\#
.INCLUDE /home/joe/stylesheets/head-template
\#
.START
</span>
</p>
<p>
INCLUDE is not restricted to style sheets or templates. You can
include any file at any point into a document, provided the file
contains only text and valid groff or mom formatting commands.
Neither is INCLUDE restricted to use with mom’s document
processing macros. You can use it in plain typeset documents as
well.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
INCLUDE is an alias for the groff request <kbd>.so</kbd>. If the
sourced file contains material that requires pre-processing (e.g.
a table made with <b>tbl(1)</b> or non-English characters), use
<kbd>.so</kbd> rather than INCLUDE and invoke pdfmom thus:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
soelim file.mom | pdfmom [flags] > file.pdf
</span>
<b>soelim</b> only looks for lines that begin with <kbd>.so</kbd>,
which furthermore must not have any space between the period and
the “s”.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -COLOUR- -->
<h4 id="color" class="docs">Initializing colours</h4>
<p>
Although it doesn’t really matter where you define/initialize
colours for use in document processing (see
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
and
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>
in the section
<a href="color.html#color-intro">Coloured text</a>),
I recommend doing so before you begin document processing with
<kbd><a href="#start">START</a></kbd>.
</p>
<p>
The macro
<a href="color.html#color">COLOR</a>
and the
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>,
<a href="color.html#color-inline"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*[<colorname>]</span></kbd></a>
can be used at any time during document processing for occasional
colour effects. However, consistent and reliable colourising of
various document elements (the docheader, heads, linebreaks,
footnotes, pagenumbers, and so on) must be managed through the use
of the
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">document element control macros</a>.
</p>
<p>
Please note that colour is disabled if your
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
is <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. If you would like it enabled, for example
so PDF links are colourised, invoke the groff
<a href="definitions.html#primitives">primitive</a>
'<kbd>.color</kbd>' after PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If you plan to have mom generate a
<a href="docelement.html#toc">table of contents</a>,
do not embed colour
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escapes</a>
(<a href="color.html#color-inline"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*[<colourname>]</span></kbd></a>)
in the
<a href="definitions.html#stringargument">string arguments</a>
given to any of the
<a href="docprocessing.html#reference-macros">reference macros</a>,
nor in the string arguments given to
<a href="docelement.html#heading">HEADING</a>.
Use, rather, the
<a href="definitions.html#controlmacro">control macros</a>
mom provides to automatically colourise these elements.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOC LEAD ADJUST- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-lead-adjust" class="macro-id">Adjust linespacing to fill pages and align bottom margins</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</b> <kbd class="macro-args">toggle</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Must come after
<a href="typesetting.html#ls"><span class="normal">LS</span></a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html.#autoloead"><span class="normal">AUTOLEAD</span></a>
and before
<a href="#start"><span class="normal">START</span></a>
</p>
<p>
DOC_LEAD_ADJUST is a special macro to adjust document
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
so that bottom margins fall precisely where you expect.
</p>
<p>
When you invoke <kbd>.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</kbd>, mom takes the number
of lines that fit on the page at your requested leading, then
incrementally adds
<a href="definitions.html#units">machine units</a>
to the leading until the maximum number of lines at the new leading
that fit on the page coincides perfectly with the bottom margin of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
</p>
<p>
In most instances, the difference between the requested lead and
the adjusted lead is unnoticeable, and since in almost all cases
adjusted leading is what you want, it’s mom’s default
and you don’t have to invoke it explicitly.
</p>
<p>
However, should you not want adjusted document leading, you must
turn it off manually, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF
</span>
</p>
<p>
If you set the document leading prior to START with
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>,
<kbd>.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF</kbd> must come afterwards, like
this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.LS 12
.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF
</span>
In this scenario, the maximum number of lines that fit on a page at
a
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
of 12
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">points</a>
determine where mom ends a page. The effect will be that last lines
usually fall (slightly) short of the “official” bottom
margin.
</p>
<p>
In
<a href="docprocessing.html#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a> <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>,
the leading is always adjusted and can’t be turned off.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip-top">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
DOC_LEAD_ADJUST, if used, must be invoked after
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
<span class="additional-note">Additional note:</span>
Even if you disable DOC_LEAD_ADJUST, mom will still adjust the
leading of endnotes pages and toc pages. See
<a href="docelement.html#endnote-lead">ENDNOTE_LEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#toc-lead">TOC_LEAD</a>
for an explanation of how to disable this default behaviour.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOCHEADER- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="docheader" class="macro-id">Managing the docheader</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCHEADER</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><toggle> [ distance to advance from top of page ] [ NO_SHIM ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Must come before
<a href="#start"><span class="normal">START</span></a>; <kbd><span class="normal">distance</span></kbd> requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<p>
By default, mom prints a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
on the first page of any document (see
<a href="#docheader-desc">below</a>
for a description of the docheader). If you don’t want a docheader,
turn it off with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER OFF
</span>
DOCHEADER is a toggle macro, so the argument doesn’t
have to be OFF; it can be anything you like.
</p>
<p>
If you turn the docheader off, mom, by default, starts
the running text of your document on the same top
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
as all subsequent pages. If you’d like her to start at a different
vertical position, give her the distance you’d like as a second
argument.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER OFF 1.5i
</span>
This starts the document 1.5 inches from the top of the page plus
whatever spacing adjustment mom has to make in order to ensure that
the first baseline of running text falls on a “valid”
baseline (i.e., one that ensures that the bottom margin of the first
page falls where it should). The distance is measured from the top
edge of the paper to the
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
of the first line of type.
</p>
<p>
With <kbd>.DOCHEADER OFF</kbd>, it is possible to create your own
custom docheaders (after
<a href="#start">START</a>)
using mom’s typesetting macros. It is recommended that if you
do create a custom docheader, you make
<a href="docprocessing.html#shim"><kbd>.SHIM</kbd></a>
the last macro before the first item of your document (for
example, <kbd>.PP</kbd> or <kbd>.HEADING 1</kbd>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
You may have tried <kbd>DOCHEAHER OFF</kbd> with a distance argument
and discovered that mom will not budge the starting position of the document
from her chosen default location. This is byproduct of
<a href="#shim">shimming</a>,
which mom always applies before the first line of running text after
the docheader, regardless of which
<a href="#vertical-whitespace-management">vertical whitespace management</a>
strategy is in effect. If you encounter the problem, pass
<kbd>DOCHEADER OFF <distance></kbd>
the additional final argument, <kbd>NO_SHIM</kbd>.
</p>
</div>
<!-- DOCHEADER CONTROL -->
<h3 id="docheader-control" class="docs">Docheader control: How to change the look of docheaders</h3>
<p>
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd></a>,
the look of docheaders is carved in stone. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd></a>,
however, you can make a lot of changes. Macros that alter
docheaders must come before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="docheader-desc" class="docs">Docheader description</h4>
<p>
A typeset docheader has the following characteristics:
</p>
<div class="box-code" style="margin-left: 24px;">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
TITLE bold, 3.5 points larger than running text (not necessarily caps)
Subtitle medium, same size as running text
by medium italic, same size as running text
Author(s) medium italic, same size as running text
(Document type) bold italic, 3 points larger than running text
</span>
</div>
<p>
Or, if the
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd>,
</p>
<div class="box-code" style="margin-left: 24px;">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
Chapter <n> bold, 4 points larger than running text
Chapter Title bold italic, 4 points larger than running text
</span>
</div>
<p>
The
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>
is the prevailing family of the whole document. Title, subtitle,
author, and document type are what you supply with the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>.
Any you leave out will not appear; mom will compensate:
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If your DOCTYPE is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> and you have both “Chapter
<n>” and a “Chapter Title” (as above), mom
inserts a small amount of whitespace between them, equal to
one-quarter of the
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
in effect. If this doesn’t suit you, you can remove or alter
the space with
<a href="#space-before">CHAPTER_TITLE_SPACE_BEFORE</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-docheader-control" class="macro-list">Docheader control</h3>
<p style="margin-top: -1.5em; margin-left: .5em; margin-right: .5em">
With the docheader control macros, you can change the family,
colour, leading, and quad direction of the entire docheader. You can
also set the style parameters for each part individually. Style
parameters include family, font, size, colour, lead, space before,
caps, smallcaps, and underscoring.
</p>
<ul class="macro-list" style="margin-top: -.5em">
<li><a href="#change-whole-docheader">1. Changes to the whole docheader</a>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc">
<li><a href="#change-start">Change the starting position of the docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-family">Change the family of the whole docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-color">Change the colour of the whole docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-lead">Change the leading of the whole docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-quad">Change the quad direction of the docheader</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#part-by-part">2. Part by part changes</a>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc">
<li><a href="#list-of-params">List of parameters and arguments</a></li>
<li><a href="#grouping">Grouping part/parameter changes</a> – very handy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#change-attribute">3. Changing or removing the attribution string (“by”)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 id="change-whole-docheader" class="docs" style="font-size: 100%">1. Changes to the whole docheader</h4>
<h5 id="change-start" class="docs">Change the starting position of the docheader</h5>
<p>
By default, a docheader starts on the same
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
as
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
If you’d like it to start somewhere else, use the macro
DOCHEADER_ADVANCE and give it the distance you want (measured from
the top edge of the paper to the first baseline of the docheader),
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_ADVANCE 4P
</span>
A
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is required.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If
<a href="headfootpage.html#headers">HEADERS</a>
are <kbd>OFF</kbd>, mom’s normal top margin for
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
(7.5
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">picas</a>)
changes to 6 picas (visually approx. 1 inch). Since the first
baseline of the docheader falls on the same baseline as the first
line of running text (on pages after page 1), you might find the
docheaders a bit high when headers are off. Use DOCHEADER_ADVANCE
to place them where you want.
</p>
</div>
<h5 id="docheader-quad" class="docs">Change the quad direction of the docheader</h5>
<p>
By default, mom centres the docheader. If you’d prefer to
have your docheaders set flush left or right, or need to restore
the default centering, invoke <kbd>.DOCHEADER_QUAD</kbd> with the
quad direction you want, either <kbd>LEFT</kbd> (or <kbd>L</kbd>),
<kbd>RIGHT</kbd> (or <kbd>R</kbd>) or <kbd>CENTER</kbd> (or
<kbd>C</kbd>).
</p>
<h5 id="docheader-family" class="docs">Change the family of the entire docheader</h5>
<p>
By default, mom sets the docheader in the same
family used for
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
If you’d prefer to have your docheaders set in a different
family, invoke <kbd>.DOCHEADER_FAMILY</kbd> with the family you
want. The argument to DOCHEADER_FAMILY is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>.
</p>
<p>
For example, mom’s default family for running text is Times
Roman. If you’d like to keep that default, but have the
docheaders set entirely in Helvetica,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_FAMILY H
</span>
is how you’d do it.
</p>
<p>
Please note that if you use DOCHEADER_FAMILY, you can still alter
the family of individual parts of the docheader.
</p>
<h5 id="docheader-color" class="docs">Change the colour of the entire docheader</h5>
<p>
The default colour for docheaders is black, as you’d expect.
If you wish to change it, use
<kbd>.DOCHEADER_COLOR <colour></kbd>, where
<kbd> <colour></kbd> is a colour pre-initialized with
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>.
</p>
<h5 id="docheader-lead" class="docs">Change the leading of the entire docheader</h5>
<p>
By default, mom uses the leading in effect for
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
for docheaders. If you want to increase or
decrease the overall docheader leading, use
<kbd>.DOCHEADER_LEAD +|-<amount></kbd>, where
<kbd><amount></kbd> is the number of
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">points</a>
by which to make the adjustment.
</p>
<h4 id="part-by-part" class="docs" style="font-size: 100%">2. Part by part changes</h4>
<p>
Whenever you want to change the style parameters for any part of
the docheader, simply join the name of the part to the parameter
you wish to change using an underscore, then supply any necessary
arguments. The subtitle double-underlined? No problem.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SUBTITLE_UNDERSCORE DOUBLE
</span>
Author in red?
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.AUTHOR_COLOR red
</span>
Title in smallcaps?
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE_SMALLCAPS
</span>
</p>
<div class="box-tip" style="margin-top: -1em;">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Use <kbd>ATTRIBUTE</kbd> as the part name for the attribution string
(“by”) that precedes the author, and <kbd>DOCTYPE</kbd>
as the name for the string passed to <kbd>DOCTYPE NAMED "string"</kbd>.
</p>
</div>
<h5 id="list-of-params" class="docs">List of parameters with arguments</h5>
<dl>
<dt class="params">_FAMILY</dt>
<dd>
Takes the same argument as <a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_FONT</dt>
<dd>
Takes the same argument as <a href="typesetting.html#font">FT</a>.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_SIZE</dt>
<dd>
Takes a <kbd>+</kbd> or <kbd>-</kbd> value relative to the size of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_COLOR</dt>
<dd>
Takes the same argument as <a href="color.html#color">COLOR</a>.
Colours should be pre-initialized with
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_LEAD</dt>
<dd>
Takes an absolute leading value, i.e. not relative to the
overall leading of the docheader. The leading applies to
multiple lines of type within the same docheader part, e.g.
several authors or a long title that must be split over two
lines. No
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is required;
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">points</a>
is assumed.
</dd>
<dt id="space-before" class="params">_SPACE</dt>
<dd>
Takes a numeric value with a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
appended to it. The value may be negative. This allows you
to adjust the whitespace before a docheader part, for example
if you want more whitespace between the title and the author.
<span style="display: block; margin-top: .5em">
Note that <kbd>TITLE</kbd> does not have a <kbd>_SPACE</kbd>
parameter; use
<a href="#change-start">DOCHEADER_ADVANCE</a>
to move the title further down on the page.
</span>
</dd>
<dt class="params">_CAPS</dt>
<dd>
Capitalizes the entire docheader part. No argument is
required.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_NO_CAPS</dt>
<dd>
Only used if you need to reverse the sense of <kbd>_CAPS</kbd>, as
can sometimes happen when
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">collating</a>
documents that have differing docheader style requirements.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_SMALLCAPS</dt>
<dd>
Set the entire docheader part in smallcaps. No argument is
required.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_NO_SMALLCAPS</dt>
<dd>
Only used if you need to reverse the sense of
<kbd>_SMALLCAPS</kbd>, as can sometimes happen when
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">collating</a>
documents that have differing docheader style requirements.
</dd>
<dt class="params">_UNDERSCORE</dt>
<dd>
With no argument, underscores the docheader part. With a
single, possibly decimal numeric argument, sets the weight of
the underscore. A second numeric argument to which a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is appended (most likely <kbd>p</kbd>) sets the distance
between the baseline and the underscore.
<span style="display: block; margin-top: .5em">
If the argument <kbd>DOUBLE</kbd> is given, double underscores
the docheader part. With a single, possibly decimal numeric
argument afterwards, sets the weight of the underscore rules.
A third numeric argument to which a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is appended (most likely <kbd>p</kbd>) sets the distance
between the baseline and the first underscore rule. A fourth
numeric argument to which a unit of measure is appended sets
the distance between the two underscore rules.
</span>
<span style="display: block; margin-top: .5em">
You may give <kbd>_UNDERLINE</kbd> as the parameter instead of
<kbd>_UNDERSCORE</kbd> if you prefer.
</span>
</dd>
<dt class="params">NO_UNDERSCORE</dt>
<dd>
Only used if you need to reverse the sense of
<kbd>_UNDERSCORE</kbd>, as can sometimes happen when
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">collating</a>
documents that have differing docheader style requirements.
</dd>
</dl>
<h5 id="grouping" class="docs">Grouping part/parameter changes</h5>
<p>
If you want to change several parameters for a particular docheader
part, you may group the changes together in a single macro by
joining the name of the part to <kbd>STYLE</kbd> with an underscore,
for example <kbd>TITLE_STYLE</kbd> or <kbd>AUTHOR_STYLE</kbd>.
The following demonstrates:
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.CHAPTER_TITLE_STYLE \
FAMILY T \
SIZE +4 \
UNDERSCORE 2 \
SMALLCAPS
</span>
Notice the use of the backslash character, which is required after
the macro name and all parameters except the last. Grouping reduces
clutter and the finger fatigue caused by entering
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.CHAPTER_TITLE_FAMILY T
.CHAPTER_TITLE_SIZE +4
.CHAPTER_TITLE_UNDERSCORE 2
.CHAPTER_TITLE_SMALLCAPS
</span>
</p>
<h4 id="change-attribute" class="docs" style="font-size: 100%">3. Changing or removing the attribution string (“by”)</h4>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can change what mom
prints where “by” appears in docheaders. For example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING "par"
</span>
changes “by” to “par”. ATTRIBUTE_STRING
can also be used, for example, to make the attribution read
“Edited by”.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t want an attribution string at all, simply pass
ATTRIBUTE_STRING an empty argument, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING ""
</span>
Mom will deposit a blank line where the attribution string normally
appears.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>
is given to ATTRIBUTE_STRING, the string argument represents the
attribution string that will appear on cover or document cover pages
(see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have different attribution strings on the document cover page, the
cover (“title”) page, and in the first-page docheader.
An extreme example would be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING ""
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING DOC_COVER "Edited by"
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING COVER "by"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.ATTRIBUTE_STRING</kbd> establishes a
blank attribution string that will be incorporated in the first-page
docheader. The second will print “Edited by” on the
document cover; the third will print “by” on the cover
(“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing attribute strings for
doc cover pages, cover pages, or the first-page docheader,
<kbd>.ATTRIBUTE_STRING</kbd>, without either of the optional first
arguments, is sufficient.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- -COLUMNS- -->
<h2 id="columns-intro" class="docs">Setting documents in columns</h2>
<p>
Setting documents in columns is easy with mom. All you have to do
is say how many columns you want and how much space you want
between them (the
<a href="definitions.html#gutter">gutters</a>).
That’s it. Mom takes care of everything else, from soup to
nuts.
</p>
<h3 class="docs">Some words of advice</h3>
<p>
If you want your type to achieve a pleasing
<a href="definitions.html#just">justification</a>
or
<a href="definitions.html#rag">rag</a>
in columns, reduce the point size of type (and probably the
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
as well). Mom’s default document point size is 12.5, which
works well across her default 39
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">pica</a>
full page line length, but with even just two columns on a page, the
default point size is awkward to work with.
</p>
<p>
Furthermore, you’ll absolutely need to reduce the indents for
<a href="docelement.html#epigraph-control">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#quote-general">quotes</a>,
and
<a href="docelement.html#blockquote-general">blockquotes</a>
(and probably the
<a href="docelement.html#para-indent">paragraph first-line indent</a>
as well).
</p>
<!-- -COLUMN- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="columns" class="macro-id">COLUMNS</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COLUMNS</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><number of columns> <width of gutters></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Should be the last macro before START
<br/>
<i>The second argument requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a></i>
</p>
<p>
COLUMNS takes two arguments: the number of columns you want on
document pages, and the width of the
<a href="definitions.html#gutter">gutter</a>
between them. For example, to set up a page with two columns
separated by an 18 point gutter, you’d do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COLUMNS 2 18p
</span>
Nothing to it, really. However, as noted above, COLUMNS should
always be the last document setup macro prior to
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Mom ignores columns completely when the
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
is <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. The notion of typewriter-style
output in columns is just too ghastly for her to bear.
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="docs" id="marking-col-start">Marking the first page column start position</h3>
<p>
If you insert or remove space after the docheader, i.e. immediately after
<a href="#start">START</a>
in your input file, mom needs to know where your first column begins
in order to align subsequent columns on the first page.
</p>
<div id="col-mark" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COL_MARK</b>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>COL_MARK</kbd> tells mom where the first column after the
docheader begins, in order for the top of subsequent columns on the
first page to be aligned. Note that if you do not manually add
or remove space after the docheader, there is no need to invoke
<kbd>COL_MARK</kbd>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If you do add or subtract space after the docheader, e.g. with
<a href="typesetting.html#ald">ALD</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#SP">SP</a>,
and your
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is something other than a multiple of “<kbd>v</kbd>”, be
sure to follow the spacing command with
<a href="docprocessing.html#shim">SHIM</a>
before entering <kbd>.COL_MARK</kbd> unless shimming has been
disabled with
<a href="#no-shim">NO_SHIM</a>.
If your document is being flex-spaced, do not use
<a href="docprocessing.html#flex">FLEX</a>.
Rather, disable flex-spacing temporarily with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.NO_FLEX
.NO_SHIM off
.SHIM
.COL_MARK
</span>
and re-enable it afterwards with
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.NO_SHIM
.NO_FLEX off
</span>
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="docs">Using tabs when COLUMNS are enabled</h3>
<p>
Mom’s tabs (both
<a href="typesetting.html#typesetting-tabs">typesetting tabs</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#string-tabs">string tabs</a>)
behave as you’d expect during document processing, even
when COLUMNS are enabled. Tab structures set up during document
processing carry over from page to page and column to column.
</p>
<!-- -BREAKING COLUMNS- -->
<h3 id="breaking-columns" class="docs">Breaking columns manually</h3>
<p>
Mom takes care of breaking columns when they reach the bottom
margin of a page. However, there may be times you want to break
the columns yourself. There are two macros for breaking columns
manually: COL_NEXT and COL_BREAK.
</p>
<div id="col-next" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COL_NEXT</b>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>.COL_NEXT</kbd> breaks the line just before it,
<a href="definitions.html#quad">quads</a>
it left (assuming the type is justified or quad left), and moves over
to the top of the next column. If the column happens to be the last
(rightmost) one on the page, mom starts a new page
at the “column 1” position. This is the macro to use when
you want to start a new column after the end of a paragraph.
</p>
<div id="col-break" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COL_BREAK</b>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>.COL_BREAK</kbd> is almost the same as <kbd>.COL_NEXT</kbd>,
except that instead of breaking and quadding the line preceding it,
mom breaks and spreads it (see
<a href="typesetting.html#spread">SPREAD</a>).
Use this macro whenever you need to start a new column in the middle
of a paragraph.
</p>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Warning:</span>
If you need COL_BREAK in the middle of a blockquote or (god help
you) an epigraph, you must do the following in order for COL_BREAK
to work:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SPREAD
\!.COL_BREAK
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<!-- *** -->
<h2 id="style-after-start" class="macro-group">Changing basic type and formatting parameters after START</h2>
<ul id="changing-basic-type">
<li><a href="#behaviour">Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em;">
<li><a href="#behaviour-specific">Effect of specific typesetting macros</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#tb-margins">Top and bottom margins in document processing</a></li>
<li><a href="#space">Inserting space at the top of a new page</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em;">
<li><a href="#add-space">ADD_SPACE</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="rule-medium"><hr/></div>
<h3 id="behaviour" class="docs">Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</h3>
<p>
During document processing, most of the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
affect type in the document globally. For example, if you turn
kerning off, pairwise kerning is disabled not only in paragraphs,
but also in headers, footers, quotes, and so on.
</p>
<p>
Typesetting macros that alter margins and line lengths affect
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
globally (or at least try to), but leave headers/footers and
footnotes alone. (To indent footnotes, see the full explanation of
the
<a href="docelement.html#footnote">FOOTNOTE</a>
macro.)
</p>
<p>
Mom’s tabs (both
<a href="typesetting.html#typesetting-tabs">typesetting tabs</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#string-tabs">string tabs</a>)
behave as expected in running text during document processing. Tab
structures that do not exceed the line length of running text are
preserved sensibly from page to page, and, if
<a href="docprocessing.html#columns">COLUMNS</a>
are enabled, from column to column.
</p>
<p>
Some typesetting macros, however, when used during document
processing, behave in special ways. These are the macros that deal
with the basic parameters of type style: horizontal and vertical
margins, line length,
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#font">font</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#ps">point size</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
and
<a href="definitions.html#quad">quad</a>.
</p>
<p>
Mom assumes that any changes to these parameters stem from a
temporary need to set type in a style different from that provided
by mom’s
<a href="docelement.html#index-docelement">document element tags</a>.
In other words, you need to do a bit of creative typesetting in the
middle of a document.
</p>
<p>
The following lists those typesetting macros whose behaviour during
document processing requires some explanation.
(Please refer to
<a href="#tb-margins">Top and bottom margins in document processing</a>
for information on how mom interprets
<a href="typesetting.html#t-margin">T_MARGIN</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#b-margin">B_MARGIN</a>
in document processing. Additionally, see
<a href="#add-space">ADD_SPACE</a>
if you encounter the problem of trying to get mom to put space at
the tops of pages after the first.)
</p>
<div id="behaviour-specific" class="box-code" style="margin-left: 3.5%">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
MACRO EFFECT DURING DOCUMENT PROCESSING
----- ---------------------------------
L_MARGIN •The left margin of all running text
assumes the new value.
•The line length remains unaltered.
•The header and footer left margin
remain at the current document default.
(You won’t use this often by itself. Most
likely, you’ll use it in combination with
R_MARGIN or LL.)
R_MARGIN •The right margin of all running text
assumes the new value. In other words,
the line length is altered.
•The header and footer right margin
remain at the current document default.
LL •The line length of all running text
is set to the new value.
•The header and footer line length remain
at the current document default.
FAMILY •Changes family for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is invoked, the family reverts to
the current default for the new tag.
FT •Changes font for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the font reverts
to the current default for the new tag.
N.B. — \*[SLANT] and \*[BOLDER] affect
paragraph text, and remain in effect for all
paragraphs until turned off. If you want to
use them in a macro that takes a string
argument, include the escape in the string.
\*[COND] and \*[EXT] behave similarly.
PT_SIZE •Changes point size for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the point size reverts
to the current document default for the new
tag.
LS •Changes line space for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the line space reverts
to the current document default for the new
tag.
Using LS to temporarily change leading within
a document will almost certainly result in a
bottom margin that doesn’t align with the
bottom margin of subsequent pages. You’ll
need to use the SHIM or FLEX macro to get mom back
on track when you’re ready to return to the
document’s default leading.
<a id="autolead" style="margin-top: -1em">AUTOLEAD</a> •Invoked before START, sets the overall document
leading as a function of the overall document
point size (i.e. the point size used in paragraphs);
subsequently disabled after START, except for calls
to DOC_PT_SIZE
•DOC_LEAD before DOC_PT_SIZE cancels the AUTOLEAD
set before START
•Invoked after START, remains in effect for all
subsequent point size changes made with PT_SIZE,
but does not affect the leading of the document
element tags (e.g. HEADING, PP, QUOTE...), or calls
to DOC_PT_SIZE
QUAD •Changes quad for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the quad reverts to
the current document default for the new
tag.
N.B. — Line-for-line quadding macros
(LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT) are also temporary,
overridden by the QUAD value of any subsequent
document element tag.
</span>
</div>
<h3 id="tb-margins" class="docs" style="margin-top: 1.5em;">Top and bottom margins in document processing</h3>
<p>
Normally, mom establishes the top and bottom
margins of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
in documents from the values of <b>HEADER_MARGIN +
HEADER_GAP</b> and <b>FOOTER_MARGIN + FOOTER_GAP</b>
respectively. However, if you invoke
<a href="typesetting.html#t-margin">T_MARGIN</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#b-margin">B_MARGIN</a>
either before or after
<a href="docelement.html#start">START</a>,
they set the top and bottom margins of running text irrespective of
HEADER_GAP and FOOTER_GAP.
</p>
<p>
Put another way, in document processing, T_MARGIN
and B_MARGIN set the top and bottom margins of
running text, but have no effect on the placement of
<a href="definitions.html#header">headers</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#footer">footers</a>,
or page numbers.
</p>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h3 id="space" class="docs">Inserting space at the top of a new page</h3>
<p>
Occasionally, you may want to insert space before the start of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
on pages after the first.
</p>
<p>
You might have tried using
<a href="typesetting.html#ald">ALD</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#space">SPACE</a>
and found it did nothing. This is because mom normally inhibits
any extra space before the start of running text on pages after the
first.
</p>
<p>
If you need the space, you must use the macro ADD_SPACE in
conjunction with
<a href="typesetting.html#newpage">NEWPAGE</a>.
</p>
<!-- -ADD_SPACE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="add-space" class= "macro-id">ADD_SPACE/RESTORE_SPACE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>ADD_SPACE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><amount of space></kbd>
<br/>
Macro: <b>RESTORE_SPACE</b>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<p>
If your
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
is DEFAULT, CHAPTER, NAMED, or LETTER, ADD_SPACE takes as its
single argument the distance you want mom to advance from the normal
baseline position at the top of any page <i>after the first</i> (i.e.
the one on which the docheader is normally printed). A
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a> is
required.
</p>
<p>
For example, say you wanted to insert 2 inches of space before the
start of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
on a page other than the first. You’d accomplish it with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.NEWPAGE
.ADD_SPACE 2i
</span>
which would terminate your current page, break to a new page, print
the header (assuming headers are on) and insert 2 inches of space
before the start of running text.
</p>
<p>
Since adding space in this way is almost sure to disrupt mom’s
ability to guarantee perfectly flush bottom margins, I highly
recommend using the
<a href="docprocessing.html#shim">SHIM</a>
or
<a href="docprocessing.html#flex">FLEX</a>
macro immediately after ADD_SPACE, which will add the space plus
whatever correction is required by the
<a href="docprocessing.html#vertical-whitespace-management">vertical whitespace management</a>
strategy in effect.
</p>
<p>
If your
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
is SLIDES, ADD_SPACE may be used on any slide <i>including the
first</i> to introduce additional white space at the top.
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros" style="margin-top: .5em">RESTORE_SPACE</h4>
<p style="margin-top: .5em">
You may sometimes find that mom refuses to respect
<a href="typesetting.html#space">SP</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#index-aldrld">ALD/RLD</a>,
<a href="docprocessing.html#shim">SHIM</a>,
or
<a href="docprocessing.html#flex">FLEX</a>
after the first element (line of text, floated material) output
at the top of a page. Should this happen, insert the macro
RESTORE_SPACE before issuing the spacing command.
</p>
<!-- *** -->
<h2 id="intro-doc-param" class="macro-group">Changing document-wide typesetting parameters after START</h2>
<p>
In the normal course of things, you establish the basic type style
parameters of a document prior to invoking
<a href="#start">START</a>,
using the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
(<b>L_MARGIN, FAMILY, PT_SIZE, LS,</b> etc). After START, you must
use the following macros if you wish to make global changes to the
basic type style parameters, for example changing the overall leading or
the justification style.
</p>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
Because these macros globally update the chosen parameter, they
should only be used immediately prior to
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">COLLATE</a>
or, if an occasional effect is desired,
<a href="typesetting.html#newpage">NEWPAGE</a>.
<a href="#doc-pt-size">DOC_PT_SIZE</a>,
for example, updates the point size of every page element, including
headers, footers, page numbers, and so on, which is almost certainly
not what you want in the middle of a page.
</p>
</div>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-doc-param" class="macro-list">Post-START global style change macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#doc-left-margin">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-right-margin">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-line-length">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-family">DOC_FAMILY</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-pt-size">DOC_PT_SIZE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-quad">DOC_QUAD</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -DOC_LEFT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-left-margin" class="macro-id">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><left margin></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#l-margin">L_MARGIN</a>
</li>
<li>changes all left margins, including headers, footers, and page
numbers to the new value
</li>
<li>any document elements that use a left indent calculate
the indent from the new value
</li>
<li>the line length remains the same (i.e., the right margin
shifts when you change the left margin)
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-right-margin" class="macro-id">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><right margin></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#r-margin">R_MARGIN</a>
</li>
<li>changes all right margins, including headers, footers, and
page numbers to the new value;
</li>
<li>any document elements that use a right indent calculate
the indent from the new value
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-line-length" class="macro-id">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LINE_LENGTH</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><length></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#linelength">LL</a>
</li>
<li>exactly equivalent to changing the right margin with
DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN (see
<a href="#doc-right-margin">above</a>);
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_FAMILY- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-family" class="macro-id">DOC_FAMILY</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd>
</div>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros" style="margin-top: 1em;">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>
</li>
<li>globally changes the type family for
<ul>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;">the <a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;">all <a href="docelement.html#index-docelement">document element tags</a>, including footnotes</li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="definitions.html#header">headers and/or footers</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="docelement.html#number-lines-intro">line numbering</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="headfootpage.html#pagination">page numbering</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>does <i>not</i> change the family of
<ul>
<li><a href="cover.html#doc-cover">document cover pages</a></li>
<li><a href="cover.html#cover">cover pages</a></li>
<li><a href="docelement.html#endnote-intro">endnotes pages</a></li>
<li><a href="docelement.html#toc-intro">table of contents</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>any page elements (e.g. headers page numbers, footnotes) whose
families you wish to remain at their old values must be
reset with the appropriate
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_PT_SIZE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-pt-size" class="macro-id">DOC_PT_SIZE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_PT_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><point size></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Does not require a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>; points is assumed
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#ps">PT_SIZE</a>,
and refers to the point size of type in paragraphs
</li>
<li>all automatic point size changes (heads, quotes,
footnotes, headers, etc.) are affected by the new size;
anything you do not want affected must be reset to
its former value (see the Control Macros section of
the pertinent document element for instructions on
how to do this)
</li>
<li>if
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>
was invoked before START; the value of AUTOLEAD will be used
to update the leading of all document element tags except
FOOTNOTE and EPIGRAPH
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_LEAD- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-lead" class="macro-id">DOC_LEAD</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEAD</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><points> [ ADJUST ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Does not require a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>; points is assumed
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>,
and refers to the
<a href="definitions.html#lead">leading</a>
of paragraphs
</li>
<li>because paragraphs will have a new leading, the leading and
spacing of most running text is influenced by the new value
</li>
<li>epigraphs and footnotes remain unaffected;
if you wish to change their leading, use
<a href="docelement.html#epigraph-autolead">EPIGRAPH_AUTOLEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#footnote-autolead">FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD</a>.
</li>
<li>the optional argument <kbd>ADJUST</kbd> performs
leading adjustment as explained in
<a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a>
</li>
<li>if
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>
was invoked before START; the value of that AUTOLEAD will be
cancelled
</li>
</ul>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Even if you don’t pass DOC_LEAD the optional argument
<kbd>ADJUST</kbd>, mom will still adjust the leading of endnotes
pages and toc pages. See
<a href="docelement.html#endnote-lead">ENDNOTE_LEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#toc-lead">TOC_LEAD</a>
for an explanation of how to disable this default behaviour.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOC_QUAD- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-quad" class="macro-id">DOC_QUAD</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_QUAD</b> <kbd class="macro-args">L | R | C | J</kbd>
</div>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros" style="margin-top: 1em;">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the arguments are the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#quad">QUAD</a>
</li>
<li>affects paragraphs, epigraphs and footnotes; does not
affect blockquotes
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="terminating" class="macro-group">Terminating a document</h2>
<p>
You need do nothing special to terminate a document. When groff
finishes processing the last
<a href="definitions.html#inputline">input line</a>
of a file, the page is ejected, subject to whatever routines are
needed to complete it (e.g. printing footnotes or adding the page
number).
</p>
<p>
It happens sometimes, however, that a last line of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>,
falling on or very near the bottom of the page, tricks groff into
breaking to a new page before terminating. The result is a blank
page at the end of the formatted document.
</p>
<p>
The situation is rare, generally occurring only when some additional
macro is required after the input text, e.g. to exit a
<a href="docelement.html#list-intro">list</a>
or terminate a
<a href="docelement.html#quote">quote</a>.
To prevent it from ever happening, I recommend getting into the habit
of following the final input line of all your mom files with
<a href="typesetting.html#el"><kbd>.EL</kbd></a>.
Depending on the
<a href="definitions.html#filled">fill mode</a>
in effect, you may also have to append the “join line”
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">escape</a>,
<kbd>\c</kbd>, to the final line.</p>
<p>
Thus, for normal text at the end of a paragraph, which is in fill
mode,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
and they all lived happily ever after.
.EL
</span>
or for ending a
<a href="docelement.html#list-intro">LIST</a>
(also in fill mode)
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ITEM
peaches, pears, plums
.EL
.LIST OFF
</span>
whereas, at the end of a
<a href="docelement.html#quote-intro">QUOTE</a>
(which is in nofill mode),
<span class="pre-in-pp">
Shall be lifted\[em]nevermore!\c
.EL
.QUOTE OFF
</span>
Notice that the <kbd>.EL</kbd> comes after the last line of input
text, not any macros following.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
<a href="inlines.html#b"><kbd><span class="nobr">\*[B]</span></kbd></a>
cannot be used as a replacement for <kbd>.EL</kbd> when terminating
a document.
</p>
</div>
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