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<h4 class="subsection" id="Selecting-Fonts-1">5.19.1 Selecting Fonts</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-selection"></a>
<p>We use <em class="dfn">font</em> to refer to any of several means of identifying a
font: by mounting position (‘<samp class="samp">3</samp>’), by abstract style (‘<samp class="samp">B</samp>’), or
by its identifier (‘<samp class="samp">TB</samp>’).
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002eft"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.ft</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">font</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eft'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ft"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cff"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\f</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">f</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cff'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cf"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cf_0028fn"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\f(</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">fn</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cf_0028fn'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cf_005bfont_005d"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\f[</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">font</i></span><code class="t">]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cf_005bfont_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002efn_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.fn]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002efn_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002efn"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-changing-fonts-_0028ft_002c-_005cf_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-changing-_0028ft_002c-_005cf_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sty-request_002c-and-changing-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fam-request_002c-and-changing-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cF_002c-and-changing-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-styles"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-family"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DESC"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-selecting-the-previous-font-_0028ft_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-previous-font_002c-selecting-_0028ft_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-previous_002c-slecting-_0028ft_0029"></a>
<p>The <code class="code">ft</code> request selects the typeface <var class="var">font</var>. If the argument
is absent or ‘<samp class="samp">P</samp>’, it selects the previously chosen font. If
<var class="var">font</var> is a non-negative integer, it is interpreted as mounting
position; the font mounted there is selected. If that position refers
to an abstract style, it is combined with the default family (see
<code class="code">fam</code> and <code class="code">\F</code> below) to make a resolved font name. If the
mounting position is not a style and no font is mounted there, GNU
<code class="code">troff</code> emits a warning in category ‘<samp class="samp">font</samp>’ and ignores the
request.
</p>
<p>If <var class="var">font</var> matches a style name, it is combined with the current
family to make a resolved font name. Otherwise, <var class="var">font</var> is assumed
to already be a resolved font name.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-automatic-font-mounting"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-mounting_002c-automatic"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mounting_002c-font_002c-automatic"></a>
<p>The resolved font name is subject to translation (see request <code class="code">ftr</code>
below). Next, the (possibly translated) font name’s mounting position
is looked up; if not mounted, <var class="var">font</var> is sought on the file system as
a font description file and, if located, automatically mounted at the
next available position (see register <code class="code">.fp</code> below). If the font
was mounted using an identifier different from its font description file
name (see request <code class="code">fp</code> below), that file name is then looked up.
If a font description file for the resolved font name is not found, GNU
<code class="code">troff</code> emits a warning in category ‘<samp class="samp">font</samp>’ and ignores the
request.
</p>
<p>The <code class="code">\f</code> escape sequence is similar, using one-character name (or
mounting position) <var class="var">f</var>, two-character name <var class="var">fn</var>, or a name
<var class="var">font</var> of arbitrary length.
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-previous-font_002c-selecting-_0028_005cf_005b_005d_002c-_005cfP_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-previous_002c-selecting-_0028_005cf_005b_005d_002c-_005cfP_0029"></a>
‘<samp class="samp">\f[]</samp>’ selects the previous font. The syntax form ‘<samp class="samp">\fP</samp>’ is
supported for backward compatibility, and ‘<samp class="samp">\f[P]</samp>’ for consistency.
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">eggs, bacon,
.ft I
spam,
.ft
and sausage.
.br
eggs, bacon, \fIspam,\fP and sausage.
⇒ eggs, bacon, <i class="slanted">spam,</i> and sausage
⇒ eggs, bacon, <i class="slanted">spam,</i> and sausage
</pre></div></div>
<p>The current and previously selected fonts are properties of the
environment (see <a class="pxref" href="Environments.html">Environments</a>).
</p>
<p>The read-only string-valued register <code class="code">.fn</code> contains the resolved
font name of the selected font.
</p>
<p><code class="code">\f</code> doesn’t produce an input token in GNU <code class="code">troff</code>; it thus
can be used in requests that expect a single-character argument. We can
assign a font to a margin character as follows (see <a class="pxref" href="Miscellaneous.html">Miscellaneous</a>).
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.mc \f[I]x\f[]
</pre></div></div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002eftr"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.ftr</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">f [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">g</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eftr'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ftr"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-translation-_0028ftr_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ft-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ul-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bd-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cf_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cs-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tkf-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fspecial-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fp-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sty-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-if-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ie-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-while-request_002c-and-font-translations"></a>
<p>Translate font <var class="var">f</var> to font <var class="var">g</var>. Whenever a font
named <var class="var">f</var> is referred to in a <code class="code">\f</code> escape sequence, in the
<code class="code">F</code> and <code class="code">S</code> conditional operators, or in the <code class="code">ft</code>,
<code class="code">ul</code>, <code class="code">bd</code>, <code class="code">cs</code>, <code class="code">tkf</code>, <code class="code">special</code>,
<code class="code">fspecial</code>, <code class="code">fp</code>, or <code class="code">sty</code> requests, font <var class="var">g</var> is
used. If <var class="var">g</var> is missing or equal to <var class="var">f</var> the translation is
undone.
</p>
<p>Font translations cannot be chained.
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.ftr XXX TR
.ftr XXX YYY
.ft XXX
error→ warning: can't find font 'XXX'
</pre></div></div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002efzoom"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.fzoom</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">f [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">zoom</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002efzoom'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fzoom"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002ezoom_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.zoom]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002ezoom_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ezoom"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-magnification-of-a-font-_0028fzoom_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-magnification-_0028fzoom_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-zoom-factor-of-a-font-_0028fzoom_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-factor_002c-zoom_002c-of-a-font-_0028fzoom_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-zoom-factor-_0028fzoom_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-optical-size-of-a-font"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font_002c-optical-size"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-size_002c-optical_002c-of-a-font"></a>
<p>Set magnification of font <var class="var">f</var> to factor <var class="var">zoom</var>, which must
be a non-negative integer multiple of 1/1000th. This request is useful
to adjust the optical size of a font in relation to the others. In the
example below, font <code class="code">CR</code> is magnified by 10% (the zoom factor is
thus 1.1).
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.fam P
.fzoom CR 1100
.ps 12
Palatino and \f[CR]Courier\f[]
</pre></div></div>
<p>A missing or zero value of <var class="var">zoom</var> is the same as a value of 1000,
which means no magnification. <var class="var">f</var> must be a resolved font
name, not an abstract style.
</p>
<p>The magnification of a font is completely transparent to GNU
<code class="code">troff</code>; a change of the zoom factor doesn’t cause any effect
except that the dimensions of glyphs, (word) spaces, kerns, etc., of the
affected font are adjusted accordingly.
</p>
<p>The zoom factor of the current font is available in the read-only
register ‘<samp class="samp">.zoom</samp>’, in multiples of 1/1000th. It returns zero if
there is no magnification.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
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