Adding upstream version 0.19.2.upstream/0.19.2upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

46 files changed, 5908 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/python/Makefile.am b/src/python/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1199fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+if BUILD_PYTHON
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/src/include \
+	$(BOOST_CPPFLAGS) \
+	$(PYTHON_CFLAGS) \
+	$(MDDS_CFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBIXION_CFLAGS)
+
+pyexec_LTLIBRARIES = _orcus.la _orcus_json.la
+
+_orcus_la_SOURCES = \
+	python.cpp \
+	global.hpp \
+	global.cpp \
+	memory.hpp \
+	memory.cpp \
+	root.hpp \
+	root.cpp \
+	xlsx.hpp \
+	xlsx.cpp \
+	xls_xml.hpp \
+	xls_xml.cpp \
+	ods.hpp \
+	ods.cpp \
+	csv.hpp \
+	csv.cpp \
+	gnumeric.hpp \
+	gnumeric.cpp
+
+_orcus_la_LDFLAGS = -module -avoid-version -export-symbols-regex PyInit__orcus
+_orcus_la_LIBADD = \
+	../liborcus/liborcus-@ORCUS_API_VERSION@.la \
+	../parser/liborcus-parser-@ORCUS_API_VERSION@.la \
+	$(PYTHON_LIBS)
+
+if BUILD_SPREADSHEET_MODEL
+
+_orcus_la_SOURCES += \
+	document.hpp \
+	document.cpp \
+	sheet.hpp \
+	sheet.cpp \
+	sheet_rows.hpp \
+	sheet_rows.cpp \
+	cell.hpp \
+	cell.cpp \
+	formula_token.hpp \
+	formula_token.cpp \
+	formula_tokens.hpp \
+	formula_tokens.cpp \
+	named_expressions.hpp \
+	named_expressions.cpp \
+	named_expression.hpp \
+	named_expression.cpp
+
+_orcus_la_LIBADD += \
+	../spreadsheet/liborcus-spreadsheet-model-@ORCUS_API_VERSION@.la \
+        $(LIBIXION_LIBS)
+
+endif # BUILD_SPREADSHEET_MODEL
+
+_orcus_json_la_SOURCES = \
+	json.cpp
+
+_orcus_json_la_LDFLAGS = -module -avoid-version -export-symbols-regex PyInit__orcus_json
+_orcus_json_la_LIBADD = \
+	../liborcus/liborcus-@ORCUS_API_VERSION@.la \
+	../parser/liborcus-parser-@ORCUS_API_VERSION@.la \
+	$(PYTHON_LIBS)
+
+orcusdir = $(pythondir)/orcus
+orcustoolsdir = $(pythondir)/orcus/tools
+
+orcus_DATA = \
+	./orcus/__init__.py \
+	./orcus/csv.py \
+	./orcus/gnumeric.py \
+	./orcus/json.py \
+	./orcus/ods.py \
+	./orcus/xls_xml.py \
+	./orcus/xlsx.py
+
+orcustools_DATA = \
+	./orcus/tools/__init__.py \
+	./orcus/tools/bugzilla.py \
+	./orcus/tools/file_processor.py
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	./orcus/__init__.py \
+	./orcus/csv.py \
+	./orcus/gnumeric.py \
+	./orcus/json.py \
+	./orcus/ods.py \
+	./orcus/xls_xml.py \
+	./orcus/xlsx.py \
+	./orcus/tools/__init__.py \
+	./orcus/tools/bugzilla.py \
+	./orcus/tools/file_processor.py
+
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT = \
+	PYTHONPATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/python:.libs$${PYTHONPATH:+:$${PYTHONPATH}}; export PYTHONPATH; \
+	BUILDDIR=$(top_builddir); export BUILDDIR;
+
+TESTS = \
+	../../test/python/test_json.py \
+	../../test/python/test_module.py \
+	../../test/python/test_csv.py \
+	../../test/python/test_csv_export.py
+
+if WITH_PYTHON_XLSX
+
+TESTS += ../../test/python/test_xlsx.py
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT += export WITH_PYTHON_XLSX=1;
+
+endif # WITH_PYTHON_XLSX
+
+if WITH_PYTHON_ODS
+
+TESTS += ../../test/python/test_ods.py
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT += export WITH_PYTHON_ODS=1;
+
+endif # WITH_PYTHON_ODS
+
+if WITH_PYTHON_XLS_XML
+
+TESTS += ../../test/python/test_xls_xml.py
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT += export WITH_PYTHON_XLS_XML=1;
+
+endif # WITH_PYTHON_XLS_XML
+
+if WITH_PYTHON_GNUMERIC
+
+TESTS += ../../test/python/test_gnumeric.py
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT += export WITH_PYTHON_GNUMERIC=1;
+
+endif # WITH_PYTHON_GNUMERIC
+
+endif # BUILD_PYTHON
diff --git a/src/python/Makefile.in b/src/python/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff782a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,1405 @@
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@BUILD_SPREADSHEET_MODEL_TRUE@	sheet.hpp \
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@BUILD_SPREADSHEET_MODEL_TRUE@	sheet.cpp \
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+
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@WITH_PYTHON_XLSX_TRUE@am__append_3 = ../../test/python/test_xlsx.py
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@WITH_PYTHON_XLSX_TRUE@am__append_4 = export WITH_PYTHON_XLSX=1;
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@WITH_PYTHON_ODS_TRUE@am__append_6 = export WITH_PYTHON_ODS=1;
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@@WITH_PYTHON_XLS_XML_TRUE@am__append_7 = ../../test/python/test_xls_xml.py
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+  if test "X$(AM_COLOR_TESTS)" = Xno; then \
+    am__color_tests=no; \
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+    am__color_tests=yes; \
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	$(MDDS_CFLAGS) \
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	root.cpp xlsx.hpp xlsx.cpp xls_xml.hpp \
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/tools/file_processor.py
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/csv.py \
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/gnumeric.py \
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/json.py \
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/ods.py \
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/xlsx.py \
+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/tools/__init__.py \
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+@BUILD_PYTHON_TRUE@	./orcus/tools/file_processor.py
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+	case $$dist_files in \
+	  */*) $(MKDIR_P) `echo "$$dist_files" | \
+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
+	  if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
+	    dir=`echo "/$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
+	    if test -d "$(distdir)/$$file"; then \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    if test -d $(srcdir)/$$file && test $$d != $(srcdir); then \
+	      cp -fpR $(srcdir)/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+check-am: all-am
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) check-TESTS
+check: check-am
+all-am: Makefile $(LTLIBRARIES) $(DATA)
+installdirs:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(pyexecdir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(orcusdir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(orcustoolsdir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-am
+install-exec: install-exec-am
+install-data: install-data-am
+uninstall: uninstall-am
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-am
+install-strip:
+	if test -z '$(STRIP)'; then \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	      install; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(TEST_LOGS)" || rm -f $(TEST_LOGS)
+	-test -z "$(TEST_LOGS:.log=.trs)" || rm -f $(TEST_LOGS:.log=.trs)
+	-test -z "$(TEST_SUITE_LOG)" || rm -f $(TEST_SUITE_LOG)
+
+clean-generic:
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+check-valgrind: check-valgrind-am
+
+check-valgrind-am: check-valgrind-local
+
+check-valgrind-drd: check-valgrind-drd-am
+
+check-valgrind-drd-am: check-valgrind-drd-local
+
+check-valgrind-helgrind: check-valgrind-helgrind-am
+
+check-valgrind-helgrind-am: check-valgrind-helgrind-local
+
+check-valgrind-memcheck: check-valgrind-memcheck-am
+
+check-valgrind-memcheck-am: check-valgrind-memcheck-local
+
+check-valgrind-sgcheck: check-valgrind-sgcheck-am
+
+check-valgrind-sgcheck-am: check-valgrind-sgcheck-local
+
+clean: clean-am
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool clean-pyexecLTLIBRARIES \
+	mostlyclean-am
+
+distclean: distclean-am
+		-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/cell.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/csv.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/document.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/formula_token.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/formula_tokens.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/global.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/gnumeric.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/json.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/memory.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/named_expression.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/named_expressions.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/ods.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/python.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/root.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sheet.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sheet_rows.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/xls_xml.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/xlsx.Plo
+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-compile distclean-generic \
+	distclean-tags
+
+dvi: dvi-am
+
+dvi-am:
+
+html: html-am
+
+html-am:
+
+info: info-am
+
+info-am:
+
+install-data-am: install-orcusDATA install-orcustoolsDATA
+
+install-dvi: install-dvi-am
+
+install-dvi-am:
+
+install-exec-am: install-pyexecLTLIBRARIES
+
+install-html: install-html-am
+
+install-html-am:
+
+install-info: install-info-am
+
+install-info-am:
+
+install-man:
+
+install-pdf: install-pdf-am
+
+install-pdf-am:
+
+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+		-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/cell.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/csv.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/document.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/formula_token.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/formula_tokens.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/global.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/gnumeric.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/json.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/memory.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/named_expression.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/named_expressions.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/ods.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/python.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/root.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sheet.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/sheet_rows.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/xls_xml.Plo
+	-rm -f ./$(DEPDIR)/xlsx.Plo
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-orcusDATA uninstall-orcustoolsDATA \
+	uninstall-pyexecLTLIBRARIES
+
+.MAKE: check-am install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: CTAGS GTAGS TAGS all all-am am--depfiles check check-TESTS \
+	check-am check-valgrind-am check-valgrind-drd-am \
+	check-valgrind-drd-local check-valgrind-helgrind-am \
+	check-valgrind-helgrind-local check-valgrind-local \
+	check-valgrind-memcheck-am check-valgrind-memcheck-local \
+	check-valgrind-sgcheck-am check-valgrind-sgcheck-local clean \
+	clean-generic clean-libtool clean-pyexecLTLIBRARIES \
+	cscopelist-am ctags ctags-am distclean distclean-compile \
+	distclean-generic distclean-libtool distclean-tags distdir dvi \
+	dvi-am html html-am info info-am install install-am \
+	install-data install-data-am install-dvi install-dvi-am \
+	install-exec install-exec-am install-html install-html-am \
+	install-info install-info-am install-man install-orcusDATA \
+	install-orcustoolsDATA install-pdf install-pdf-am install-ps \
+	install-ps-am install-pyexecLTLIBRARIES install-strip \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
+	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-compile \
+	mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am \
+	recheck tags tags-am uninstall uninstall-am \
+	uninstall-orcusDATA uninstall-orcustoolsDATA \
+	uninstall-pyexecLTLIBRARIES
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/src/python/cell.cpp b/src/python/cell.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4a46b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/cell.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "cell.hpp"
+#include "memory.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+#include "formula_token.hpp"
+#include "formula_tokens.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/cell.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula_result.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula_name_resolver.hpp>
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+
+#include <structmember.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+/** non-python part of the object. */
+struct cell_data
+{
+    const ss::document* doc = nullptr;
+    const ixion::formula_cell* formula_cell = nullptr;
+    ixion::abs_address_t origin;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.Cell.
+ */
+struct pyobj_cell
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    PyObject* type;
+    PyObject* value;
+    PyObject* formula;
+
+    cell_data* data = nullptr;
+};
+
+void initialize_cell_members(pyobj_cell* self)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->value = Py_None;
+
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->formula = Py_None;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_and_init_cell_object(const char* type_name)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* cell_type = get_cell_type();
+    if (!cell_type)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to get the cell type object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj = cell_type->tp_new(cell_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!obj)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to instantiate a cell object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pyobj_cell* self = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(obj);
+    self->type = get_python_enum_value("CellType", type_name);
+    initialize_cell_members(self);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_cell* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+    self->data = nullptr;
+
+    Py_CLEAR(self->type);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->value);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->formula);
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_cell* self = (pyobj_cell*)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    self->data = new cell_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_cell* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "type", nullptr };
+
+    self->type = nullptr;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|O", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &self->type))
+        return -1;
+
+    if (!self->type)
+        self->type = get_python_enum_value("CellType", "UNKNOWN");
+
+    initialize_cell_members(self);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* cell_get_formula_tokens(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_cell* obj = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(self);
+    cell_data& data = *obj->data;
+    if (!data.formula_cell)
+    {
+        // This is not a formula cell.
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        return Py_None;
+    }
+
+    const ixion::formula_tokens_t& tokens = data.formula_cell->get_tokens()->get();
+    return create_formula_tokens_iterator_object(*data.doc, data.origin, tokens);
+}
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { "get_formula_tokens", (PyCFunction)cell_get_formula_tokens, METH_NOARGS, "Get a formula tokens iterator." },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { (char*)"type", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_cell, type), READONLY, (char*)"cell type" },
+    { (char*)"value", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_cell, value), READONLY, (char*)"cell value" },
+    { (char*)"formula", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_cell, formula), READONLY, (char*)"formula string" },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject cell_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.Cell",                             // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_cell),                       // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus spreadsheet cell",                 // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,		                                  // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_empty()
+{
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_cell_object("EMPTY");
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_boolean(bool v)
+{
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_cell_object("BOOLEAN");
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    pyobj_cell* obj_data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(obj);
+
+    if (v)
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_True);
+        obj_data->value = Py_True;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_False);
+        obj_data->value = Py_False;
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_string(const std::string* p)
+{
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_cell_object("STRING");
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    pyobj_cell* obj_data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(obj);
+
+    if (p)
+    {
+        obj_data->value = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(p->data(), p->size());
+        if (!obj_data->value)
+        {
+            // The string contains invalid utf-8 sequence, and the function has
+            // already set a python exception which needs to be cleared.
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            Py_XDECREF(obj);
+            obj = create_and_init_cell_object("STRING_WITH_ERROR");
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        obj_data->value = Py_None;
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_numeric(double v)
+{
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_cell_object("NUMERIC");
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    pyobj_cell* obj_data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(obj);
+    obj_data->value = PyFloat_FromDouble(v);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_formula(
+    const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& origin, const ixion::formula_cell* fc)
+{
+    if (!fc)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to find class orcus.CellType.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const ixion::formula_tokens_t& tokens = fc->get_tokens()->get();
+    bool is_error = !tokens.empty() && tokens[0].opcode == ixion::fop_error;
+
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_cell_object(is_error ? "FORMULA_WITH_ERROR": "FORMULA");
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    pyobj_cell* obj_data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_cell*>(obj);
+    obj_data->data->doc = &doc;
+    obj_data->data->origin = origin;
+    obj_data->data->formula_cell = fc;
+
+    // Create formula expression string.
+    auto* resolver = doc.get_formula_name_resolver(spreadsheet::formula_ref_context_t::global);
+    const ixion::model_context& cxt = doc.get_model_context();
+    std::string formula_s = ixion::print_formula_tokens(cxt, origin, *resolver, tokens);
+    obj_data->formula = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(formula_s.data(), formula_s.size());
+
+    ixion::formula_result res;
+
+    try
+    {
+        res = fc->get_result_cache(
+            ixion::formula_result_wait_policy_t::throw_exception);
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception&)
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        obj_data->value = Py_None;
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    switch (res.get_type())
+    {
+        case ixion::formula_result::result_type::value:
+        {
+            obj_data->value = PyFloat_FromDouble(res.get_value());
+            break;
+        }
+        case ixion::formula_result::result_type::string:
+        {
+            const std::string& s = res.get_string();
+            obj_data->value = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(s.data(), s.size());
+            break;
+        }
+        case ixion::formula_result::result_type::error:
+        {
+            ixion::formula_error_t fe = res.get_error();
+            std::string_view fename = ixion::get_formula_error_name(fe);
+            if (!fename.empty())
+                obj_data->value = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(fename.data(), fename.size());
+            else
+            {
+                // This should not be hit, but just in case...
+                Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+                obj_data->value = Py_None;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            // This should not be hit, but just in case...
+            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+            obj_data->value = Py_None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_cell_type()
+{
+    return &cell_type;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/cell.hpp b/src/python/cell.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ea46d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/cell.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_CELL_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_CELL_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+class formula_cell;
+struct abs_address_t;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+PyObject* create_cell_object_empty();
+PyObject* create_cell_object_boolean(bool v);
+PyObject* create_cell_object_string(const std::string* p);
+PyObject* create_cell_object_numeric(double v);
+PyObject* create_cell_object_formula(
+    const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& origin, const ixion::formula_cell* fc);
+
+PyTypeObject* get_cell_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/csv.cpp b/src/python/csv.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c5d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/csv.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "csv.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_CSV
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/orcus_csv.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/factory.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_CSV
+
+namespace {
+
+py_unique_ptr read_stream_object_from_string(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "stream", nullptr };
+
+    py_unique_ptr ret;
+    PyObject* file = nullptr;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &file))
+        return ret;
+
+    if (!file)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Invalid file object has been passed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj_str = nullptr;
+
+    if (PyObject_HasAttrString(file, "read"))
+    {
+        PyObject* func_read = PyObject_GetAttrString(file, "read"); // new reference
+        obj_str = PyObject_CallFunction(func_read, nullptr);
+        Py_XDECREF(func_read);
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_str)
+    {
+        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(file, &PyUnicode_Type))
+            obj_str = PyUnicode_FromObject(file); // new reference
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_str)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to extract bytes from this object.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret.reset(obj_str);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* csv_read(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    py_unique_ptr str = read_stream_object_from_string(args, kwargs);
+    if (!str)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        spreadsheet::range_size_t ss{1048576, 16384};
+        std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> doc = std::make_unique<spreadsheet::document>(ss);
+        spreadsheet::import_factory fact(*doc);
+        orcus_csv app(&fact);
+
+        Py_ssize_t n = 0;
+        const char* p = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(str.get(), &n);
+        app.read_stream({p, static_cast<std::string_view::size_type>(n)});
+
+        return create_document(std::move(doc));
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        set_python_exception(PyExc_RuntimeError, e);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+PyObject* csv_read(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*)
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "The csv module is not enabled.");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/csv.hpp b/src/python/csv.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9b7b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/csv.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_CSV_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_CSV_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* csv_read(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/document.cpp b/src/python/document.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d908668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/document.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "sheet.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+#include "named_expression.hpp"
+#include "named_expressions.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+#include <ixion/named_expressions_iterator.hpp>
+#include <structmember.h>
+#include <object.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+document_data::~document_data()
+{
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.Document.
+ */
+struct pyobj_document
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    PyObject* sheets; // tuple of sheet objects.
+
+    document_data* data;
+};
+
+inline pyobj_document* t(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_document*>(self);
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_document* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+
+    // Destroy all sheet objects.
+    Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_Size(self->sheets);
+    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+    {
+        PyObject* o = PyTuple_GetItem(self->sheets, i);
+        Py_CLEAR(o);
+    }
+    Py_CLEAR(self->sheets);  // and the tuple containing the sheets.
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_document* self = t(type->tp_alloc(type, 0));
+    self->data = new document_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_document* /*self*/, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* doc_get_named_expressions(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    const ss::document& doc = *t(self)->data->m_doc;
+    const ixion::model_context& cxt = doc.get_model_context();
+    return create_named_expressions_object(-1, doc, cxt.get_named_expressions_iterator());
+}
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { "get_named_expressions", (PyCFunction)doc_get_named_expressions, METH_NOARGS, "Get a named expressions iterator." },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { (char*)"sheets", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_document, sheets), READONLY, (char*)"sheet objects" },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject document_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.Document",                         // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_document),                   // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus document object",                  // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,		                                  // tp_iter
+    0,		                                  // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+bool import_from_stream_object(iface::import_filter& app, PyObject* obj_bytes)
+{
+    const char* p = PyBytes_AsString(obj_bytes);
+    if (!p)
+        return false;
+
+    size_t n = PyBytes_Size(obj_bytes);
+
+    app.read_stream({p, n});
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_document_object()
+{
+    PyTypeObject* type = get_document_type();
+
+    PyObject* obj_doc = create_object_from_type(type);
+    if (!obj_doc)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    type->tp_init(obj_doc, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    return obj_doc;
+}
+
+void store_document(PyObject* self, std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document>&& doc)
+{
+    if (!self)
+        return;
+
+    pyobj_document* pydoc = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_document*>(self);
+    document_data* pydoc_data = pydoc->data;
+    pydoc_data->m_doc = std::move(doc);
+
+    PyTypeObject* sheet_type = get_sheet_type();
+    if (!sheet_type)
+        return;
+
+    // Create a tuple of sheet objects and store it with the pydoc instance.
+    size_t sheet_size = pydoc_data->m_doc->get_sheet_count();
+
+    pydoc->sheets = PyTuple_New(sheet_size);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sheet_size; ++i)
+    {
+        spreadsheet::sheet* sheet = pydoc_data->m_doc->get_sheet(i);
+        if (!sheet)
+            continue;
+
+        PyObject* pysheet = sheet_type->tp_new(sheet_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+        if (!pysheet)
+            continue;
+
+        sheet_type->tp_init(pysheet, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+        Py_INCREF(pysheet);
+        PyTuple_SetItem(pydoc->sheets, i, pysheet);
+
+        store_sheet(pysheet, pydoc_data->m_doc.get(), sheet);
+    }
+}
+
+} // anonoymous namespace
+
+PyTypeObject* get_document_type()
+{
+    return &document_type;
+}
+
+document_data* get_document_data(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_document*>(self)->data;
+}
+
+stream_with_formulas read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "stream", "recalc", "error_policy", nullptr };
+
+    stream_with_formulas ret;
+    PyObject* file = nullptr;
+    int recalc_formula_cells = 0;
+    const char* error_policy_s = nullptr;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|ps", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &file, &recalc_formula_cells, &error_policy_s))
+        return ret;
+
+    if (!file)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Invalid file object has been passed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj_bytes = nullptr;
+
+    if (PyObject_HasAttrString(file, "read"))
+    {
+        PyObject* func_read = PyObject_GetAttrString(file, "read"); // new reference
+        obj_bytes = PyObject_CallFunction(func_read, nullptr);
+        Py_XDECREF(func_read);
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_bytes)
+    {
+        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(file, &PyBytes_Type))
+            obj_bytes = PyBytes_FromObject(file);
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_bytes)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to extract bytes from this object.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (error_policy_s)
+    {
+        ss::formula_error_policy_t error_policy = ss::to_formula_error_policy(error_policy_s);
+        if (error_policy == ss::formula_error_policy_t::unknown)
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << "invalid error policy value: '" << error_policy_s << "'. The value must be either 'fail' or 'skip'.";
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, os.str().data());
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        ret.error_policy = error_policy;
+    }
+
+    ret.stream.reset(obj_bytes);
+    ret.recalc_formula_cells = recalc_formula_cells != 0;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+py_unique_ptr read_stream_from_args(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "stream", nullptr };
+
+    py_unique_ptr obj_bytes;
+    PyObject* file = nullptr;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &file))
+        return obj_bytes;
+
+    if (!file)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Invalid file object has been passed.");
+        return obj_bytes;
+    }
+
+    if (PyObject_HasAttrString(file, "read"))
+    {
+        PyObject* func_read = PyObject_GetAttrString(file, "read"); // new reference
+        obj_bytes.reset(PyObject_CallFunction(func_read, nullptr));
+        Py_XDECREF(func_read);
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_bytes)
+    {
+        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(file, &PyBytes_Type))
+            obj_bytes.reset(PyBytes_FromObject(file));
+    }
+
+    if (!obj_bytes)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to extract bytes from this object.");
+        return obj_bytes;
+    }
+
+    return obj_bytes;
+}
+
+PyObject* import_from_stream_into_document(
+    PyObject* obj_bytes, iface::import_filter& app, std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document>&& doc)
+{
+    if (!import_from_stream_object(app, obj_bytes))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    return create_document(std::move(doc));
+}
+
+PyObject* create_document(std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document>&& doc)
+{
+    PyObject* obj_doc = create_document_object();
+    if (!obj_doc)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    store_document(obj_doc, std::move(doc));
+    return obj_doc;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/document.hpp b/src/python/document.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52c9b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/document.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_DOCUMENT_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_DOCUMENT_HPP
+
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include "memory.hpp"
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+/** non-python part of the document object. */
+struct document_data
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> m_doc;
+
+    ~document_data();
+};
+
+document_data* get_document_data(PyObject* self);
+
+struct stream_with_formulas
+{
+    py_unique_ptr stream;
+    bool recalc_formula_cells = false;
+    spreadsheet::formula_error_policy_t error_policy = spreadsheet::formula_error_policy_t::fail;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract a python object representing the byte stream from the arguments
+ * passed to the python orcus.<file format>.read() function, as well as
+ * several parameters related to formula calculation settings.
+ *
+ * This function handles the following python arguments: stream, recalc, and
+ * error_policy.
+ *
+ * @param args positional argument object.
+ * @param kwargs keyword argument object.
+ *
+ * @return object representing the bytes as well as formula calculation
+ *         settings.
+ */
+stream_with_formulas read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+/**
+ * This one is similar to the function above, except that it only handles
+ * one argument called 'stream'.
+ *
+ * @return object representing the bytes.
+ */
+py_unique_ptr read_stream_from_args(PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+/**
+ * Import a document from a python object containing the byte stream, and
+ * create a python object of class orcus.Document.
+ *
+ * @param obj_bytes python object containing the byte stream.
+ * @param app filter instance to use to load the document.
+ * @param doc orcus document instance which will be stored within the python
+ *            document object.
+ *
+ * @return python document object.
+ */
+PyObject* import_from_stream_into_document(
+    PyObject* obj_bytes, iface::import_filter& app, std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document>&& doc);
+
+PyObject* create_document(std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document>&& doc);
+
+/**
+ * Get the definition of the python class Document.
+ */
+PyTypeObject* get_document_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/formula_token.cpp b/src/python/formula_token.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..971d440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/formula_token.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "formula_token.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/formula.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula_name_resolver.hpp>
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+#include <structmember.h>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+/** non-python part of the object's internal. */
+struct data_formula_token
+{
+    std::string repr;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.NamedExpression.
+ */
+struct pyobj_formula_token
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    PyObject* type;
+    PyObject* op;
+
+    data_formula_token* data;
+};
+
+const char* to_formula_token_type(ixion::fopcode_t op)
+{
+    switch (op)
+    {
+        case ixion::fop_single_ref:
+        case ixion::fop_range_ref:
+        case ixion::fop_table_ref:
+            return "REFERENCE";
+        case ixion::fop_named_expression:
+            return "NAME";
+        case ixion::fop_function:
+            return "FUNCTION";
+        case ixion::fop_string:
+        case ixion::fop_value:
+            return "VALUE";
+        case ixion::fop_plus:
+        case ixion::fop_minus:
+        case ixion::fop_divide:
+        case ixion::fop_multiply:
+        case ixion::fop_exponent:
+        case ixion::fop_concat:
+        case ixion::fop_equal:
+        case ixion::fop_not_equal:
+        case ixion::fop_less:
+        case ixion::fop_greater:
+        case ixion::fop_less_equal:
+        case ixion::fop_greater_equal:
+        case ixion::fop_open:
+        case ixion::fop_close:
+        case ixion::fop_sep:
+            return "OPERATOR";
+        case ixion::fop_error:
+            return "ERROR";
+        case ixion::fop_unknown:
+        default:
+            ;
+    }
+
+    return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
+const char* to_formula_token_op(ixion::fopcode_t op)
+{
+    const char* names[] = {
+        "UNKNOWN",
+        "SINGLE_REF",
+        "RANGE_REF",
+        "TABLE_REF",
+        "NAMED_EXPRESSION",
+        "STRING",
+        "VALUE",
+        "FUNCTION",
+        "PLUS",
+        "MINUS",
+        "DIVIDE",
+        "MULTIPLY",
+        "EXPONENT",
+        "CONCAT",
+        "EQUAL",
+        "NOT_EQUAL",
+        "LESS",
+        "GREATER",
+        "LESS_EQUAL",
+        "GREATER_EQUAL",
+        "OPEN",
+        "CLOSE",
+        "SEP",
+        "ERROR",
+    };
+
+    auto n_names = std::size(names);
+    return op < n_names ? names[op] : names[0];
+}
+
+void init_members(pyobj_formula_token* self)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->type = Py_None;
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->op = Py_None;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_and_init_formula_token_object(ixion::fopcode_t op, std::string repr)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* ft_type = get_formula_token_type();
+    if (!ft_type)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to get the formula token type object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj = ft_type->tp_new(ft_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!obj)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to instantiate a formula token object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pyobj_formula_token* self = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_formula_token*>(obj);
+    init_members(self);
+    self->type = get_python_enum_value("FormulaTokenType", to_formula_token_type(op));
+    self->op = get_python_enum_value("FormulaTokenOp", to_formula_token_op(op));
+    self->data->repr = std::move(repr);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_formula_token* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+    self->data = nullptr;
+
+    Py_CLEAR(self->op);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->type);
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_formula_token* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    init_members(self);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_formula_token* self = (pyobj_formula_token*)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    self->data = new data_formula_token;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_repr(pyobj_formula_token* self)
+{
+    return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(self->data->repr.data(), self->data->repr.size());
+}
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { (char*)"type", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_formula_token, type), READONLY, (char*)"formula token type" },
+    { (char*)"op", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_formula_token, op), READONLY, (char*)"formula token operator" },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject formula_token_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.FormulaToken",                     // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_formula_token),              // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    (reprfunc)tp_repr,                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus spreadsheet formula token",        // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,		                                  // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    0,                                        // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* create_formula_token_object(const ss::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& pos, const ixion::formula_token& token)
+{
+    const ixion::model_context& cxt = doc.get_model_context();
+    auto* resolver = doc.get_formula_name_resolver(ss::formula_ref_context_t::global);
+    assert(resolver);
+    std::string ft_s = ixion::print_formula_token(cxt, pos, *resolver, token);
+
+    PyObject* obj = create_and_init_formula_token_object(token.opcode, std::move(ft_s));
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_formula_token_type()
+{
+    return &formula_token_type;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/formula_token.hpp b/src/python/formula_token.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90b5b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/formula_token.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_FORMULA_TOKEN_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_FORMULA_TOKEN_HPP
+
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/types.hpp"
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+struct abs_address_t;
+class formula_token;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+PyObject* create_formula_token_object(const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& pos, const ixion::formula_token& token);
+
+PyTypeObject* get_formula_token_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/formula_tokens.cpp b/src/python/formula_tokens.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c8b77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/formula_tokens.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "formula_tokens.hpp"
+#include "formula_token.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/formula_tokens.hpp>
+#include <structmember.h>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+/** non-python part. */
+struct formula_tokens_data
+{
+    const ss::document* doc;
+    ixion::abs_address_t origin;
+    const ixion::formula_tokens_t* tokens = nullptr;
+    ixion::formula_tokens_t::const_iterator pos;
+    ixion::formula_tokens_t::const_iterator end;
+};
+
+/** python object */
+struct pyobj_formula_tokens
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    formula_tokens_data* data = nullptr;
+};
+
+inline pyobj_formula_tokens* t(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_formula_tokens*>(self);
+}
+
+void init_members(
+    pyobj_formula_tokens* self, const ss::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& origin, const ixion::formula_tokens_t& tokens)
+{
+    assert(self->data);
+    self->data->doc = &doc;
+    self->data->origin = origin;
+    self->data->tokens = &tokens;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_formula_tokens* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_formula_tokens* /*self*/, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_formula_tokens* self = t(type->tp_alloc(type, 0));
+    self->data = new formula_tokens_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_iter(PyObject* self)
+{
+    formula_tokens_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    data.pos = data.tokens->cbegin();
+    data.end = data.tokens->cend();
+
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return self;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_iternext(PyObject* self)
+{
+    formula_tokens_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+
+    if (data.pos == data.end)
+    {
+        // No more elements.  Stop the iteration.
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_StopIteration);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* ft_obj = create_formula_token_object(*data.doc, data.origin, *data.pos);
+    ++data.pos;
+    return ft_obj;
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t sq_length(PyObject* self)
+{
+    formula_tokens_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    return data.tokens->size();
+}
+
+PySequenceMethods tp_as_sequence =
+{
+    sq_length, // lenfunc sq_length
+    0,         // binaryfunc sq_concat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_repeat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_item
+    0,         // void *was_sq_slice
+    0,         // ssizeobjargproc sq_ass_item
+    0,         // void *was_sq_ass_slice
+    0,         // objobjproc sq_contains
+    0,         // binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_inplace_repeat
+};
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject formula_tokens_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.FormulaTokens",                    // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_formula_tokens),             // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    &tp_as_sequence,                          // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus spreadsheet formula tokens",       // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    tp_iter,		                          // tp_iter
+    tp_iternext,                              // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* create_formula_tokens_iterator_object(
+    const ss::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& origin, const ixion::formula_tokens_t& tokens)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* ft_type = get_formula_tokens_type();
+    if (!ft_type)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to get the formula tokens type object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj = ft_type->tp_new(ft_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!obj)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to instantiate a formula tokens object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    init_members(t(obj), doc, origin, tokens);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_formula_tokens_type()
+{
+    return &formula_tokens_type;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/formula_tokens.hpp b/src/python/formula_tokens.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4067452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/formula_tokens.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_FORMULA_TOKENS_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_FORMULA_TOKENS_HPP
+
+#include <ixion/formula_tokens_fwd.hpp>
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+struct abs_address_t;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+PyObject* create_formula_tokens_iterator_object(
+    const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::abs_address_t& origin, const ixion::formula_tokens_t& tokens);
+
+PyTypeObject* get_formula_tokens_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/global.cpp b/src/python/global.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8623e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/global.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "global.hpp"
+#include "memory.hpp"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+void set_python_exception(PyObject* type, const std::exception& e)
+{
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os << "C++ exception caught: " << e.what();
+    PyErr_SetString(type, os.str().data());
+}
+
+PyObject* get_python_enum_value(const char* enum_class_name, const char* value_name)
+{
+    py_scoped_ref orcus_mod = PyImport_ImportModule("orcus");
+    if (!orcus_mod)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "failed to import orcus module.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    py_scoped_ref cls = PyObject_GetAttrString(orcus_mod.get(), enum_class_name);
+    if (!cls)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream os;
+        os << "failed to find class orcus." << enum_class_name << ".";
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, os.str().data());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return PyObject_GetAttrString(cls.get(), value_name);
+}
+
+PyObject* create_object_from_type(PyTypeObject* type)
+{
+    if (!type)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Type object is null.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj = type->tp_new(type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!obj)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream os;
+        os << "Failed to instantiate an object of type " << type->tp_name << ".";
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, os.str().data());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/global.hpp b/src/python/global.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..608a7ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/global.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_GLOBAL_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_GLOBAL_HPP
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+void set_python_exception(PyObject* type, const std::exception& e);
+
+PyObject* get_python_enum_value(const char* enum_class_name, const char* value_name);
+
+PyObject* create_object_from_type(PyTypeObject* type);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/gnumeric.cpp b/src/python/gnumeric.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..162f18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/gnumeric.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "gnumeric.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_GNUMERIC
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/orcus_gnumeric.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/factory.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_GNUMERIC
+
+PyObject* gnumeric_read(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    stream_with_formulas data = read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(args, kwargs);
+    if (!data.stream)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        spreadsheet::range_size_t ss{1048576, 16384};
+        std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> doc = std::make_unique<spreadsheet::document>(ss);
+        spreadsheet::import_factory fact(*doc);
+        fact.set_recalc_formula_cells(data.recalc_formula_cells);
+        fact.set_formula_error_policy(data.error_policy);
+        orcus_gnumeric app(&fact);
+
+        return import_from_stream_into_document(data.stream.get(), app, std::move(doc));
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        set_python_exception(PyExc_RuntimeError, e);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+PyObject* gnumeric_read(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*)
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "The gnumeric module is not enabled.");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/gnumeric.hpp b/src/python/gnumeric.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23aeec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/gnumeric.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_GNUMERIC_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_GNUMERIC_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* gnumeric_read(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/json.cpp b/src/python/json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..873523b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "orcus/env.hpp"
+#include "orcus/json_parser.hpp"
+#include "orcus/json_document_tree.hpp"
+#include "orcus/config.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <boost/current_function.hpp>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#define GETSTATE(m) ((struct module_state*)PyModule_GetState(m))
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+class python_json_error : public general_error
+{
+public:
+    python_json_error(const std::string& msg) : general_error("python_json_error", msg) {}
+};
+
+struct module_state
+{
+    PyObject* error;
+};
+
+int orcus_traverse(PyObject* m, visitproc visit, void* arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(GETSTATE(m)->error);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int orcus_clear(PyObject* m)
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(GETSTATE(m)->error);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct parser_stack
+{
+    PyObject* key;
+    PyObject* node;
+    json::node_t type;
+
+    parser_stack(PyObject* _node, json::node_t _type) : key(nullptr), node(_node), type(_type) {}
+};
+
+class json_parser_handler
+{
+    PyObject* m_root;
+    std::vector<parser_stack> m_stack;
+
+    PyObject* push_value(PyObject* value)
+    {
+        if (!value)
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": Empty value is passed.";
+            throw python_json_error(os.str());
+        }
+
+        if (m_stack.empty())
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": Stack is unexpectedly empty.";
+            throw python_json_error(os.str());
+        }
+
+        parser_stack& cur = m_stack.back();
+
+        switch (cur.type)
+        {
+            case json::node_t::array:
+            {
+                PyList_Append(cur.node, value);
+                return value;
+            }
+            break;
+            case json::node_t::object:
+            {
+                assert(cur.key);
+                PyDict_SetItem(cur.node, cur.key, value);
+                cur.key = nullptr;
+                return value;
+            }
+            break;
+            default:
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+        }
+
+        std::ostringstream os;
+        os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": unstackable JSON value type.";
+        throw python_json_error(os.str());
+    }
+
+public:
+    json_parser_handler() : m_root(nullptr) {}
+
+    ~json_parser_handler()
+    {
+        if (m_root)
+            Py_XDECREF(m_root);
+
+        std::for_each(m_stack.begin(), m_stack.end(),
+            [](parser_stack& ps)
+            {
+                if (ps.key)
+                {
+                    Py_XDECREF(ps.key);
+                    ps.key = nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    void begin_parse()
+    {
+        if (m_root)
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": Root JSON value already exists.";
+            throw python_json_error(os.str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void end_parse() {}
+
+    void begin_array()
+    {
+        if (m_root)
+        {
+            PyObject* array = push_value(PyList_New(0));
+            m_stack.push_back(parser_stack(array, json::node_t::array));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_root = PyList_New(0);
+            m_stack.push_back(parser_stack(m_root, json::node_t::array));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void end_array()
+    {
+        if (m_stack.empty())
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": Stack is unexpectedly empty.";
+            throw python_json_error(os.str());
+        }
+
+        m_stack.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    void begin_object()
+    {
+        if (m_root)
+        {
+            PyObject* dict = push_value(PyDict_New());
+            m_stack.push_back(parser_stack(dict, json::node_t::object));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_root = PyDict_New();
+            m_stack.push_back(parser_stack(m_root, json::node_t::object));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void object_key(std::string_view key, bool /*transient*/)
+    {
+        parser_stack& cur = m_stack.back();
+        cur.key = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(key.data(), key.size());
+    }
+
+    void end_object()
+    {
+        if (m_stack.empty())
+        {
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION << ": Stack is unexpectedly empty.";
+            throw python_json_error(os.str());
+        }
+
+        m_stack.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    void boolean_true()
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_True);
+        push_value(Py_True);
+    }
+
+    void boolean_false()
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_False);
+        push_value(Py_False);
+    }
+
+    void null()
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        push_value(Py_None);
+    }
+
+    void string(std::string_view val, bool /*transient*/)
+    {
+        push_value(PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(val.data(), val.size()));
+    }
+
+    void number(double val)
+    {
+        push_value(PyFloat_FromDouble(val));
+    }
+
+    PyObject* get_root()
+    {
+        PyObject* o = m_root;
+        m_root = nullptr;
+        return o;
+    }
+};
+
+PyObject* json_loads(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    char* stream = nullptr;
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "s", nullptr };
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "s", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &stream))
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "The method must be given a string.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    json_parser_handler hdl;
+    orcus::json_parser<json_parser_handler> parser(stream, hdl);
+    try
+    {
+        parser.parse();
+        return hdl.get_root();
+    }
+    catch (const orcus::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, e.what());
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PyMethodDef orcus_methods[] =
+{
+    { "loads", (PyCFunction)json_loads, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, "Load JSON string into a Python object." },
+    { nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr }
+};
+
+struct PyModuleDef moduledef =
+{
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "_orcus_json",
+    nullptr,
+    sizeof(struct module_state),
+    orcus_methods,
+    nullptr,
+    orcus_traverse,
+    orcus_clear,
+    nullptr
+};
+
+}
+
+}}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+ORCUS_DLLPUBLIC PyObject* PyInit__orcus_json()
+{
+    PyObject* m = PyModule_Create(&orcus::python::moduledef);
+    return m;
+}
+
+}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/memory.cpp b/src/python/memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2bbd09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "memory.hpp"
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+void pyobj_unique_deleter::operator ()(PyObject* p) const
+{
+    Py_XDECREF(p);
+}
+
+py_scoped_ref::py_scoped_ref() : m_pyobj(nullptr) {}
+py_scoped_ref::py_scoped_ref(PyObject* p) : m_pyobj(p) {}
+
+py_scoped_ref::~py_scoped_ref()
+{
+    if (m_pyobj)
+        Py_DECREF(m_pyobj);
+}
+
+py_scoped_ref& py_scoped_ref::operator= (PyObject* p)
+{
+    if (m_pyobj)
+        Py_DECREF(m_pyobj);
+    m_pyobj = p;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+PyObject* py_scoped_ref::get()
+{
+    return m_pyobj;
+}
+
+py_scoped_ref::operator bool() const
+{
+    return m_pyobj != nullptr;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/memory.hpp b/src/python/memory.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecc7d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/memory.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_MEMORY_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_MEMORY_HPP
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+struct pyobj_unique_deleter
+{
+    void operator() (PyObject* p) const;
+};
+
+using py_unique_ptr = std::unique_ptr<PyObject, pyobj_unique_deleter>;
+
+class py_scoped_ref
+{
+    PyObject* m_pyobj;
+public:
+    py_scoped_ref();
+    py_scoped_ref(PyObject* p);
+    ~py_scoped_ref();
+
+    py_scoped_ref& operator= (PyObject* p);
+    PyObject* get();
+    operator bool() const;
+};
+
+}}
+
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/named_expression.cpp b/src/python/named_expression.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1402daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/named_expression.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "named_expression.hpp"
+#include "formula_token.hpp"
+#include "formula_tokens.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/formula.hpp>
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+#include <ixion/named_expressions_iterator.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula_name_resolver.hpp>
+#include <structmember.h>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+/** non-python part of the object. */
+struct named_exp_data
+{
+    const ss::document* doc = nullptr;
+    const ixion::formula_tokens_t* tokens = nullptr;
+    ixion::abs_address_t origin;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.NamedExpression.
+ */
+struct pyobj_named_exp
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    PyObject* origin;
+    PyObject* formula;
+
+    named_exp_data* data;
+};
+
+inline pyobj_named_exp* t(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_named_exp*>(self);
+}
+
+void init_members(pyobj_named_exp* self)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->origin = Py_None;
+
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    self->formula = Py_None;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_named_exp* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+    self->data = nullptr;
+
+    Py_CLEAR(self->origin);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->formula);
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_named_exp* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    init_members(self);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_named_exp* self = (pyobj_named_exp*)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    self->data = new named_exp_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* ne_get_formula_tokens(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    named_exp_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    if (!data.tokens)
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        return Py_None;
+    }
+
+    return create_formula_tokens_iterator_object(*data.doc, data.origin, *data.tokens);
+}
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { "get_formula_tokens", (PyCFunction)ne_get_formula_tokens, METH_NOARGS, "Get a formula tokens iterator." },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { (char*)"origin", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_named_exp, origin), READONLY, (char*)"anchoring cell for the named expression" },
+    { (char*)"formula", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_named_exp, formula), READONLY, (char*)"formula string" },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject named_exp_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.NamedExpression",                  // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_named_exp),                  // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus spreadsheet named expression",     // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,		                                  // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* create_named_exp_object(const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::named_expression_t* exp)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* named_exp_type = get_named_exp_type();
+    if (!named_exp_type)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to get the named expression type object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* obj = named_exp_type->tp_new(named_exp_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!obj)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Failed to instantiate a named expression object.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    pyobj_named_exp* self = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_named_exp*>(obj);
+    init_members(self);
+
+    if (exp)
+    {
+        named_exp_data& data = *self->data;
+        data.doc = &doc;
+        data.origin = exp->origin;
+        data.tokens = &exp->tokens;
+
+        const ixion::model_context& cxt = doc.get_model_context();
+        auto* resolver = doc.get_formula_name_resolver(spreadsheet::formula_ref_context_t::global);
+
+        // Create base
+        std::string origin_s = resolver->get_name(exp->origin, ixion::abs_address_t(), true);
+        self->origin = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(origin_s.data(), origin_s.size());
+
+        // Create formula expression string.
+        std::string formula_s = ixion::print_formula_tokens(cxt, exp->origin, *resolver, exp->tokens);
+        self->formula = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(formula_s.data(), formula_s.size());
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyObject* create_named_exp_dict(const ss::document& doc, ixion::named_expressions_iterator iter)
+{
+    PyObject* dict = PyDict_New();
+    for (; iter.has(); iter.next())
+    {
+        auto ne = iter.get();
+        PyObject* name = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(ne.name->data(), ne.name->size());
+        PyObject* tokens = create_named_exp_object(doc, ne.expression);
+        PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, tokens);
+    }
+
+    return dict;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_named_exp_type()
+{
+    return &named_exp_type;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/named_expression.hpp b/src/python/named_expression.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5473d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/named_expression.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_NAMED_EXPRESSION_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_NAMED_EXPRESSION_HPP
+
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/types.hpp"
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <ixion/formula_tokens_fwd.hpp>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+class named_expressions_iterator;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+PyObject* create_named_exp_object(const spreadsheet::document& doc, const ixion::named_expression_t* exp);
+
+PyObject* create_named_exp_dict(const spreadsheet::document& doc, ixion::named_expressions_iterator iter);
+
+PyTypeObject* get_named_exp_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/named_expressions.cpp b/src/python/named_expressions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6faffee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/named_expressions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "named_expressions.hpp"
+#include "named_expression.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/formula.hpp>
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+#include <ixion/named_expressions_iterator.hpp>
+#include <ixion/formula_name_resolver.hpp>
+#include <structmember.h>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+/** non-python part. */
+struct named_exps_data
+{
+    ss::sheet_t origin_sheet = -1; // -1 for global, >=0 for sheet local.
+    const ss::document* doc = nullptr;
+    ixion::named_expressions_iterator src; // original iterator to copy from.
+    ixion::named_expressions_iterator iter;
+};
+
+/** python object. */
+struct pyobj_named_exps
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    named_exps_data* data;
+};
+
+inline pyobj_named_exps* t(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_named_exps*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* named_exps_names(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    named_exps_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    PyObject* s = PySet_New(nullptr);
+
+    for (auto iter = data.src; iter.has(); iter.next())
+    {
+        const std::string* name = iter.get().name;
+        PySet_Add(s, PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(name->data(), name->size()));
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_named_exps* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_named_exps* /*self*/, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_named_exps* self = t(type->tp_alloc(type, 0));
+    self->data = new named_exps_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_iter(PyObject* self)
+{
+    named_exps_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    data.iter = data.src;
+
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return self;
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_iternext(PyObject* self)
+{
+    named_exps_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    auto& iter = data.iter;
+
+    if (!iter.has())
+    {
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_StopIteration);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ixion::named_expressions_iterator::named_expression item = iter.get();
+    iter.next();
+
+    PyObject* name = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(item.name->data(), item.name->size());
+    if (!name)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    PyObject* ne = create_named_exp_object(*data.doc, item.expression);
+    if (!ne)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    PyObject* tup = PyTuple_New(2);
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup, 0, name);
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup, 1, ne);
+
+    return tup;
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t sq_length(PyObject* self)
+{
+    named_exps_data& data = *t(self)->data;
+    return data.src.size();
+}
+
+PySequenceMethods tp_as_sequence =
+{
+    sq_length, // lenfunc sq_length
+    0,         // binaryfunc sq_concat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_repeat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_item
+    0,         // void *was_sq_slice
+    0,         // ssizeobjargproc sq_ass_item
+    0,         // void *was_sq_ass_slice
+    0,         // objobjproc sq_contains
+    0,         // binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat
+    0,         // ssizeargfunc sq_inplace_repeat
+};
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { "names", (PyCFunction)named_exps_names, METH_NOARGS, "Get names for all named expressions stored." },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject named_exps_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.NamedExpressions",                 // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_named_exps),                 // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    &tp_as_sequence,                          // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus spreadsheet formula tokens",       // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    tp_iter,		                          // tp_iter
+    tp_iternext,                              // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                   // tp_new
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PyObject* create_named_expressions_object(
+    spreadsheet::sheet_t origin_sheet, const spreadsheet::document& doc, ixion::named_expressions_iterator iter)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* type = get_named_exps_type();
+
+    PyObject* obj = create_object_from_type(type);
+    if (!obj)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    type->tp_init(obj, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    named_exps_data& data = *t(obj)->data;
+    data.src = iter;
+    data.origin_sheet = origin_sheet;
+    data.doc = &doc;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_named_exps_type()
+{
+    return &named_exps_type;
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/named_expressions.hpp b/src/python/named_expressions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfad195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/named_expressions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_NAMED_EXPRESSIONS_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_NAMED_EXPRESSIONS_HPP
+
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/types.hpp"
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <ixion/formula_tokens_fwd.hpp>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+class named_expressions_iterator;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+PyObject* create_named_expressions_object(
+    spreadsheet::sheet_t origin_sheet, const spreadsheet::document& doc, ixion::named_expressions_iterator iter);
+
+PyTypeObject* get_named_exps_type();
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/ods.cpp b/src/python/ods.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a7f5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/ods.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "ods.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_ODS
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/orcus_ods.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/factory.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_ODS
+
+PyObject* ods_read(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    stream_with_formulas data = read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(args, kwargs);
+    if (!data.stream)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        spreadsheet::range_size_t ss{1048576, 16384};
+        std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> doc = std::make_unique<spreadsheet::document>(ss);
+        spreadsheet::import_factory fact(*doc);
+        fact.set_recalc_formula_cells(data.recalc_formula_cells);
+        fact.set_formula_error_policy(data.error_policy);
+        orcus_ods app(&fact);
+
+        return import_from_stream_into_document(data.stream.get(), app, std::move(doc));
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        set_python_exception(PyExc_RuntimeError, e);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+PyObject* ods_read(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*)
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "The ods module is not enabled.");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/ods.hpp b/src/python/ods.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a25c861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/ods.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_ODS_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_ODS_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* ods_read(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/__init__.py b/src/python/orcus/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4914d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#######################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+try:
+    from _orcus import *
+    from _orcus import __version__
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    # We do this to enable sphinx to generate documentation without having to
+    # build the C++ part.
+    pass
+
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class FormatType(Enum):
+    """Collection of file format types currently used in orcus."""
+
+    UNKNOWN    = 0
+    ODS        = 1
+    XLSX       = 2
+    GNUMERIC   = 3
+    XLS_XML    = 4
+    CSV        = 5
+    YAML       = 6
+    JSON       = 7
+    XML        = 8
+    PARQUET    = 9
+
+
+class CellType(Enum):
+    """Collection of cell types stored in spreadsheet."""
+
+    UNKNOWN = 0
+    EMPTY   = 1
+    BOOLEAN = 2
+    NUMERIC = 3
+    STRING  = 4
+    STRING_WITH_ERROR = 5
+    FORMULA = 6
+    FORMULA_WITH_ERROR = 7
+
+
+class FormulaTokenType(Enum):
+    """Collection of formula token types."""
+
+    UNKNOWN   = 0
+    REFERENCE = 1
+    VALUE     = 2
+    NAME      = 3
+    FUNCTION  = 4
+    OPERATOR  = 5
+    ERROR     = 6
+
+
+class FormulaTokenOp(Enum):
+    """Collection of formula token opcodes."""
+
+    UNKNOWN          = 0
+    SINGLE_REF       = 1
+    RANGE_REF        = 2
+    TABLE_REF        = 3
+    NAMED_EXPRESSION = 4
+    STRING           = 5
+    VALUE            = 6
+    FUNCTION         = 7
+    PLUS             = 8
+    MINUS            = 9
+    DIVIDE           = 10
+    MULTIPLY         = 11
+    EXPONENT         = 12
+    CONCAT           = 13
+    EQUAL            = 14
+    NOT_EQUAL        = 15
+    LESS             = 16
+    GREATER          = 17
+    LESS_EQUAL       = 18
+    GREATER_EQUAL    = 19
+    OPEN             = 20
+    CLOSE            = 21
+    SEP              = 22
+    ERROR            = 23
+
+
+def get_document_loader_module(format_type):
+    """Obtain a document loader module for the specified format type.
+
+    Args:
+        format_type (orcus.FormatType):
+            Format type for which to load a document loader.
+
+    Returns:
+        Document loader module.
+    """
+    m = None
+    if format_type == FormatType.ODS:
+        from . import ods as m
+    elif format_type == FormatType.XLSX:
+        from . import xlsx as m
+    elif format_type == FormatType.XLS_XML:
+        from . import xls_xml as m
+    elif format_type == FormatType.GNUMERIC:
+        from . import gnumeric as m
+    elif format_type == FormatType.CSV:
+        from . import csv as m
+
+    return m
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/csv.py b/src/python/orcus/csv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bad095f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/csv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus import _csv_read as read
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/gnumeric.py b/src/python/orcus/gnumeric.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f0f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/gnumeric.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus import _gnumeric_read as read
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/json.py b/src/python/orcus/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d351766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus_json import *
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/ods.py b/src/python/orcus/ods.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bcf2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/ods.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus import _ods_read as read
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/tools/__init__.py b/src/python/orcus/tools/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..413bd0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/tools/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/tools/bugzilla.py b/src/python/orcus/tools/bugzilla.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23b4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/tools/bugzilla.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+import argparse
+import requests
+import json
+import os
+import base64
+import traceback
+import concurrent.futures as cf
+from pathlib import Path
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+
+class BugzillaAccess:
+    """Encapsulates access to a bugzilla server by using its REST API.
+
+    Args:
+        bzurl (str): URL to the bugzilla server.
+        cache_dir (:obj:`pathlib.Path`): path to the cache directory.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, bzurl, cache_dir):
+        self._bzurl = bzurl
+        self._cache_dir = cache_dir
+        os.makedirs(self._cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def _get_cache_content(self, cache_file, func_fetch):
+        if os.path.isfile(cache_file):
+            with open(cache_file, 'r') as f:
+                return f.read()
+
+        s = func_fetch()
+        with open(cache_file, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(s)
+
+        return s
+
+    def get_bug_ids(self, bz_params):
+        """Get all bug ID's for specified bugzilla query parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            bz_params (dict):
+                dictionary containing all search parameters. Each search term
+                must form a single key-value pair.
+
+        Returns (:obj:`list` of :obj:`str`):
+            list of bug ID strings.
+        """
+
+        def _fetch():
+            r = requests.get(
+                f"{self._bzurl}/rest/bug",
+                params=bz_params
+            )
+
+            if r.status_code != 200:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"failed to query bug ids from the TDF bugzilla! (status:{r.status_code})")
+            return r.text
+
+        escape_chars = " /"
+        buf = []
+        for key in bz_params.keys():
+            v = str(bz_params[key])
+            for c in escape_chars:
+                v = v.replace(c, '-')
+            buf.append(key)
+            buf.append(v)
+
+        cache_file = '-'.join(buf) + ".json"
+        cache_file = self._cache_dir / cache_file
+        s = self._get_cache_content(cache_file, _fetch)
+
+        content = json.loads(s)
+        bugs = content.get("bugs")
+        if not bugs:
+            return []
+
+        bug_ids = [bug.get("id") for bug in bugs]
+        bug_ids = [x for x in filter(None, bug_ids)]
+        return bug_ids
+
+    def get_attachments(self, bug_id):
+        """Fetch all attachments for specified bug."""
+
+        def _fetch():
+            r = requests.get(f"{self._bzurl}/rest/bug/{bug_id}/attachment")
+            if r.status_code != 200:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"failed to fetch the attachments for bug {bug_id}! (status:{r.status_code})")
+            return r.text
+
+        cache_file = self._cache_dir / f"attachments-{bug_id}.json"
+        s = self._get_cache_content(cache_file, _fetch)
+        content = json.loads(s)
+        attachments = list()
+        for d in content["bugs"][str(bug_id)]:
+            data = d["data"]
+            if not data:
+                continue
+            bytes = base64.b64decode(data)
+            attachments.append({
+                "content_type": d["content_type"],
+                "filename": d["file_name"],
+                "data": bytes
+            })
+        return attachments
+
+
+def parse_query_params(queries):
+    bz_params = dict()
+    for query in queries:
+        k, v = query.split('=')
+        if v and v[0] in ('"', "'"):
+            if v[0] != v[-1]:
+                raise argparse.ArgumentError(f"mis-matched quotes in {query}")
+            v = v[1:-1]
+        bz_params[k] = v
+    return bz_params
+
+
+def _create_argparser():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="""This command allows you to download attachments from a
+bugzilla server that supports REST API.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--outdir", "-o", type=str, required=True,
+        help="""output directory for downloaded files. Downloaded files are
+grouped by their respective bug ID's.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--limit", type=int, default=50,
+        help="number of bugs to include in a single set of search results.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--offset", type=int, default=0,
+        help="number of bugs to skip in the search results.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cont", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="""when specified, the search continues after the initial batch
+is returned, by retrieving the next batch of results until the entire search
+results are returned. The number specified by the ``--limit`` option is used
+as the batch size.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--worker", type=int, default=8,
+        help="number of worker threads to use for parallel downloads of files.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cache-dir", type=Path, default=Path(".bugzilla"),
+        help="""directory to keep downloaded bugzilla search results. The
+command will not send the query request to the remote server when the results
+are cached. You may want to delete the cache directory after you are finished.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--url", type=str, required=True,
+        help="""base URL for bugzilla service. It must begin with the
+``http(s)://`` prefix.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "query", type=str, nargs='*',
+        help="""One or more query term to use to limit your search. Each query
+term must be in the form key=value. You need to quote the value string when the
+value string contains whitespace character i.e. key="value with space".""")
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = _create_argparser()
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    bz_params = parse_query_params(args.query)
+
+    for k, v in bz_params.items():
+        print(f"{k}: {v}")
+
+    bz_params["limit"] = args.limit
+    bz_params["offset"] = args.offset
+
+    url = urlparse(args.url)
+    cache_dir = Path(args.cache_dir) / url.netloc
+    bz = BugzillaAccess(args.url, cache_dir)
+
+    def _run(bug_id, index, totals):
+        """Top-level function for each worker thread."""
+        width = len(str(totals))
+        index_s = str(index+1)
+        index_s = ' ' * (width - len(index_s)) + index_s
+        print(f"({index_s}/{totals}) fetching attachments for bug {bug_id} ...", flush=True)
+
+        try:
+            attachments = bz.get_attachments(bug_id)
+            for attachment in attachments:
+                filepath = Path(args.outdir) / url.netloc / str(bug_id) / attachment["filename"]
+                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filepath), exist_ok=True)
+                with open(filepath, "wb") as f:
+                    f.write(attachment["data"])
+        except Exception as e:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            print(e)
+
+    iter_count = 0
+    while True:
+        bug_ids = bz.get_bug_ids(bz_params)
+        if not bug_ids:
+            return
+        print(f"-- iteration {iter_count+1}", flush=True)
+        with cf.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=args.worker) as executor:
+            for i, bug_id in enumerate(bug_ids):
+                executor.submit(_run, bug_id, i, len(bug_ids))
+
+        if not args.cont:
+            return
+
+        bz_params["offset"] += bz_params["limit"]
+        iter_count += 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/tools/file_processor.py b/src/python/orcus/tools/file_processor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472fea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/tools/file_processor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import os.path
+import sys
+import string
+import pathlib
+import enum
+import re
+import multiprocessing as mp
+import importlib.util
+
+import orcus
+
+
+class _Config:
+    ext_good = "orcus-pf.good"
+    ext_bad = "orcus-pf.bad"
+    ext_out = "orcus-pf.out"
+    prefix_skip = ".orcus-pf.skip."
+
+
+config = _Config()
+
+
+def is_special_file(filename):
+    if filename.find(config.prefix_skip) >= 0:
+        return True
+
+    return filename.endswith(config.ext_out) or filename.endswith(config.ext_good) or filename.endswith(config.ext_bad)
+
+
+def skips_by_rule(filename, skip_rules):
+    for rule in skip_rules:
+        if rule.search(filename):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def sanitize_string(s):
+    """Replace non-printable characters with \\x[value]."""
+
+    buf = list()
+    for c in s:
+        if c in string.printable:
+            buf.append(c)
+        else:
+            buf.append(f"\\x{ord(c):02X}")
+
+    return "".join(buf)
+
+
+class LoadStatus(enum.Enum):
+    SUCCESS = 0
+    FAILURE = 1
+    SKIPPED = 2
+
+
+def load_doc(bytes):
+
+    buf = list()
+
+    try:
+        format_type = orcus.detect_format(bytes)
+    except Exception as e:
+        buf.append(str(e))
+        status = LoadStatus.SKIPPED
+        return None, status, buf
+
+    buf.append(f"* format type: {format_type}")
+    buf.append(f"* size: {len(bytes)} bytes")
+
+    doc = None
+
+    try:
+        loader = orcus.get_document_loader_module(format_type)
+        if loader is None:
+            buf.append(f"unhandled format type: {format_type}")
+            status = LoadStatus.SKIPPED
+            return doc, status, buf
+
+        status = LoadStatus.SUCCESS
+        doc = loader.read(bytes, error_policy="skip")
+        return doc, status, buf
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        buf.append(f"{e.__class__.__name__}: {e}")
+        status = LoadStatus.FAILURE
+        return None, status, buf
+
+
+def print_results(inpath):
+    outpath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_out}"
+    with open(outpath, "r") as f:
+        print()
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            print(f"  {line.strip()}")
+        print()
+
+
+def remove_result_files(rootdir):
+    for root, dir, files in os.walk(rootdir):
+        for filename in files:
+            if is_special_file(filename):
+                filepath = os.path.join(root, filename)
+                os.remove(filepath)
+
+
+def show_result_stats(rootdir):
+    counts = dict(good=0, bad=0, skipped=0, unprocessed=0)
+    for root, dir, files in os.walk(rootdir):
+        for filename in files:
+            if is_special_file(filename):
+                continue
+
+            inpath = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            out_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_out}"
+            good_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_good}"
+            bad_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_bad}"
+            if os.path.isfile(good_filepath):
+                counts["good"] += 1
+            elif os.path.isfile(bad_filepath):
+                counts["bad"] += 1
+            elif os.path.isfile(out_filepath):
+                counts["skipped"] += 1
+            else:
+                counts["unprocessed"] += 1
+
+    print("* result counts")
+    for cat in ("good", "bad", "skipped", "unprocessed"):
+        print(f"  * {cat}: {counts[cat]}")
+
+    total = counts["good"] + counts["bad"]
+    if total:
+        print("* ratios")
+        print(f"  * good: {counts['good']/total*100:.1f}%")
+        print(f"  * bad: {counts['bad']/total*100:.1f}%")
+
+
+def show_results(rootdir, good, bad):
+    for root, dir, files in os.walk(rootdir):
+        for filename in files:
+            if is_special_file(filename):
+                continue
+            inpath = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            good_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_good}"
+            bad_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_bad}"
+
+            if os.path.isfile(good_filepath) and good:
+                print(sanitize_string(inpath), flush=True)
+                print_results(inpath)
+            elif os.path.isfile(bad_filepath) and bad:
+                print(sanitize_string(inpath), flush=True)
+                print_results(inpath)
+            else:
+                continue
+
+
+def load_module_from_filepath(filepath):
+    if not os.path.isfile(filepath):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{filepath} is not a valid file.")
+
+    mod_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filepath))[0]
+    mod_name = mod_name.replace('-', '_')
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(mod_name, filepath)
+    mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
+    return mod
+
+
+def process_filepath(i, inpath, outpath, processor_path):
+    mod = load_module_from_filepath(processor_path) if processor_path else None
+    term_buf = list()  # terminal output buffer
+    term_buf.append(f"{i} {sanitize_string(inpath)}")
+
+    good_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_good}"
+    bad_filepath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_bad}"
+
+    if os.path.isfile(good_filepath) or os.path.isfile(bad_filepath):
+        term_buf.append("already processed. skipping...")
+        return "\n".join(term_buf)
+
+    success = False
+    with open(inpath, 'rb') as f:
+        bytes = f.read()
+
+    buf = list()  # non-terminal output buffer
+    doc, status, output = load_doc(bytes)
+    buf.extend(output)
+    if doc and mod:
+        buf.extend(mod.process_document(inpath, doc))
+
+    with open(outpath, "w") as f:
+        f.write("\n".join(buf))
+
+    term_buf.extend(buf)
+
+    if status == LoadStatus.SUCCESS:
+        pathlib.Path(good_filepath).touch()
+    elif status == LoadStatus.FAILURE:
+        pathlib.Path(bad_filepath).touch()
+
+    return "\n".join(term_buf)
+
+
+def _create_argparser():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="""This script allows you to process a collection of spreadsheet documents.""")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--skip-file", type=argparse.FileType("r"),
+        help="Optional text file containing a set of regular expressions (one per line). Files that match one of these rules will be skipped.")
+    parser.add_argument("--processes", type=int, default=1, help="Number of worker processes to use.")
+    parser.add_argument("-p", "--processor", type=str, help="Python module file containing callback functions.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--remove-results", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="Remove all cached results files from the directory tree.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--results", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="Display the results of the processed files.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--good", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="Display the results of the successfully processed files.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--bad", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="Display the results of the unsuccessfully processed files.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--stats", action="store_true", default=False,
+        help="Display statistics of the results.  Use it with --results.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "rootdir", metavar="ROOT-DIR",
+        help="Root directory below which to recursively find and process test files.")
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = _create_argparser()
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.remove_results:
+        remove_result_files(args.rootdir)
+        return
+
+    if args.results:
+        if args.stats:
+            show_result_stats(args.rootdir)
+            return
+
+        show_results(args.rootdir, args.good, args.bad)
+        return
+
+    skip_rules = list()
+
+    if args.skip_file:
+        for line in args.skip_file.readlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line:
+                continue
+            rule = re.compile(line)
+            skip_rules.append(rule)
+
+    # build a list of files to process.
+    filepaths = list()
+    for root, dir, files in os.walk(args.rootdir):
+        for filename in files:
+            if is_special_file(filename):
+                continue
+
+            inpath = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            outpath = f"{inpath}.{config.ext_out}"
+            if skips_by_rule(inpath, skip_rules):
+                pathlib.Path(outpath).touch()
+                continue
+
+            filepaths.append((inpath, outpath))
+
+    with mp.Pool(processes=args.processes) as pool:
+        futures = list()
+        for i, (inpath, outpath) in enumerate(filepaths):
+            future = pool.apply_async(process_filepath, (i, inpath, outpath, args.processor))
+            futures.append(future)
+
+        for future in futures:
+            output = future.get()
+            print(output)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/xls_xml.py b/src/python/orcus/xls_xml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..671d39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/xls_xml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus import _xls_xml_read as read
+
diff --git a/src/python/orcus/xlsx.py b/src/python/orcus/xlsx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd24ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/orcus/xlsx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+########################################################################
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from _orcus import _xlsx_read as read
+
diff --git a/src/python/python.cpp b/src/python/python.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53fb867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/python.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "orcus/env.hpp"
+#include "orcus/info.hpp"
+
+#include "root.hpp"
+#include "xlsx.hpp"
+#include "ods.hpp"
+#include "csv.hpp"
+#include "xls_xml.hpp"
+#include "gnumeric.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_SPREADSHEET_MODEL
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "sheet.hpp"
+#include "sheet_rows.hpp"
+#include "cell.hpp"
+#include "named_expression.hpp"
+#include "named_expressions.hpp"
+#include "formula_token.hpp"
+#include "formula_tokens.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#define ORCUS_DEBUG_PYTHON 0
+#define GETSTATE(m) ((struct module_state*)PyModule_GetState(m))
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+#if ORCUS_DEBUG_PYTHON
+void print_args(PyObject* args)
+{
+    string args_str;
+    PyObject* repr = PyObject_Repr(args);
+    if (repr)
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(repr);
+        args_str = PyBytes_AsString(repr);
+        Py_DECREF(repr);
+    }
+    cout << args_str << "\n";
+}
+#endif
+
+PyMethodDef orcus_methods[] =
+{
+    { "detect_format", (PyCFunction)detect_format, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Detect the format type of a spreadsheet file." },
+
+    { "_csv_read", (PyCFunction)csv_read, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Load specified csv file into a document model." },
+
+    { "_ods_read", (PyCFunction)ods_read, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Load specified ods file into a document model." },
+
+    { "_xlsx_read", (PyCFunction)xlsx_read, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Load specified xlsx file into a document model." },
+
+    { "_xls_xml_read", (PyCFunction)xls_xml_read, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Load specified xls-xml file into a document model." },
+
+    { "_gnumeric_read", (PyCFunction)gnumeric_read, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+      "Load specified gnumeric file into a document model." },
+
+    { nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr }
+};
+
+struct module_state
+{
+    PyObject* error;
+};
+
+int orcus_traverse(PyObject* m, visitproc visit, void* arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(GETSTATE(m)->error);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int orcus_clear(PyObject* m)
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(GETSTATE(m)->error);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+[[maybe_unused]]
+bool add_type_to_module(PyObject* m, PyTypeObject* typeobj, const char* type_name)
+{
+    if (PyType_Ready(typeobj))
+        return false;
+
+    Py_INCREF(typeobj);
+    if (PyModule_AddObject(m, type_name, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(typeobj)) < 0)
+    {
+        Py_DECREF(m);
+        Py_DECREF(typeobj);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool populate_module_attributes(PyObject* m)
+{
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os << orcus::get_version_major() << '.'
+        << orcus::get_version_minor() << '.'
+        << orcus::get_version_micro();
+
+    PyObject* version = PyUnicode_FromString(os.str().data());
+    if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "__version__", version) < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+struct PyModuleDef moduledef =
+{
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "_orcus",
+    nullptr,
+    sizeof(struct module_state),
+    orcus_methods,
+    nullptr,
+    orcus_traverse,
+    orcus_clear,
+    nullptr
+};
+
+}}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+ORCUS_DLLPUBLIC PyObject* PyInit__orcus()
+{
+    PyObject* m = PyModule_Create(&orcus::python::moduledef);
+    if (!orcus::python::populate_module_attributes(m))
+        return nullptr;
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_SPREADSHEET_MODEL
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_document_type(), "Document"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_sheet_type(), "Sheet"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_sheet_rows_type(), "SheetRows"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_cell_type(), "Cell"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_named_exp_type(), "NamedExpression"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_named_exps_type(), "NamedExpressions"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_formula_token_type(), "FormulaToken"))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!orcus::python::add_type_to_module(m, orcus::python::get_formula_tokens_type(), "FormulaTokens"))
+        return nullptr;
+#endif
+
+    return m;
+}
+
+}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/root.cpp b/src/python/root.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3ac021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/root.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "root.hpp"
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#include "orcus/format_detection.hpp"
+#include "orcus/info.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <object.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* detect_format(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    py_unique_ptr stream = read_stream_from_args(args, kwargs);
+    if (!stream)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    char* p = nullptr;
+    Py_ssize_t n = 0;
+    if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(stream.get(), &p, &n) < 0)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        format_t ft = orcus::detect({p, (size_t)n});
+
+        switch (ft)
+        {
+            case format_t::ods:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "ODS");
+            case format_t::xlsx:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "XLSX");
+            case format_t::gnumeric:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "GNUMERIC");
+            case format_t::xls_xml:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "XLS_XML");
+            case format_t::parquet:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "PARQUET");
+            case format_t::csv:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "CSV");
+            case format_t::unknown:
+            default:
+                return get_python_enum_value("FormatType", "UNKNOWN");
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception&)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "failed to perform deep detection on this file.");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
+
diff --git a/src/python/root.hpp b/src/python/root.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b679bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/root.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_ROOT_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_ROOT_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* detect_format(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/sheet.cpp b/src/python/sheet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4037ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/sheet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "sheet.hpp"
+#include "sheet_rows.hpp"
+#include "named_expression.hpp"
+#include "named_expressions.hpp"
+
+#include <orcus/spreadsheet/types.hpp>
+#include <orcus/spreadsheet/sheet.hpp>
+#include <orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp>
+
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+#include <ixion/named_expressions_iterator.hpp>
+
+#include <structmember.h>
+#include <bytesobject.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ss = orcus::spreadsheet;
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+sheet_data::sheet_data() : m_doc(nullptr), m_sheet(nullptr) {}
+sheet_data::~sheet_data() {}
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.Sheet.
+ */
+struct pyobj_sheet
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    PyObject* name;
+    PyObject* sheet_size;
+    PyObject* data_size;
+    PyObject* named_expressions;
+
+    sheet_data* data;
+};
+
+inline pyobj_sheet* t(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet*>(self);
+}
+
+inline sheet_data* get_sheet_data(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return t(self)->data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the underlying C++ sheet class instance from the python object
+ * representation.
+ */
+inline spreadsheet::sheet* get_core_sheet(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return get_sheet_data(self)->m_sheet;
+}
+
+void tp_dealloc(pyobj_sheet* self)
+{
+    delete self->data;
+
+    Py_CLEAR(self->name);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->sheet_size);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->data_size);
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_sheet* self = (pyobj_sheet*)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    self->data = new sheet_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+int tp_init(pyobj_sheet* /*self*/, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_get_rows(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    PyTypeObject* sr_type = get_sheet_rows_type();
+
+    PyObject* rows = sr_type->tp_new(sr_type, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!rows)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    sr_type->tp_init(rows, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+    // Populate the sheet rows data.
+    sheet_data* data = get_sheet_data(self);
+    store_sheet_rows_data(rows, data->m_doc, data->m_sheet);
+
+    return rows;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+format_t to_format_type_enum(PyObject* format)
+{
+    static const char* err_not_format_type = "An enum value of 'orcus.FormatType' was expected.";
+    static const char* err_format_not_supported = "Unsupported format type.";
+
+    // Check the type name.
+
+    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(format);
+    if (!type || strncmp(type->tp_name, "FormatType", 10u) != 0)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, err_not_format_type);
+        return format_t::unknown;
+    }
+
+    // Now check the member name.
+
+    PyObject* format_s = PyObject_GetAttrString(format, "name"); // new reference
+    if (!format_s)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, err_not_format_type);
+        return format_t::unknown;
+    }
+
+    // TODO : currently we only support csv format.  Change this code when we
+    // add more format type(s) to support.
+
+    const char* p = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(format_s);
+    if (!p || strncmp(p, "CSV", 3u) != 0)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, err_format_not_supported);
+        Py_DECREF(format_s);
+        return format_t::unknown;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(format_s);
+    return format_t::csv;
+}
+
+bool sheet_write_as_csv(spreadsheet::sheet* sheet, PyObject* file)
+{
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    sheet->dump_csv(os);
+    std::string s = os.str();
+
+    if (!s.empty())
+    {
+        PyObject* func_write = PyObject_GetAttrString(file, "write"); // new reference
+        if (!func_write)
+        {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "'write' function was expected, but not found.");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // write the content as python's utf-8 string ('s').  Use 'y' to write
+        // it as bytes (for future reference).
+        PyObject_CallFunction(func_write, "s", s.data(), nullptr);
+        Py_XDECREF(func_write);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_write(PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    static const char* kwlist[] = { "file", "format", nullptr };
+
+    PyObject* file = nullptr;
+    PyObject* format = nullptr;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "OO", const_cast<char**>(kwlist), &file, &format))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    format_t ft = to_format_type_enum(format);
+
+    if (ft == format_t::unknown)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    spreadsheet::sheet* sheet = get_core_sheet(self);
+
+    switch (ft)
+    {
+        case format_t::csv:
+        {
+            if (!sheet_write_as_csv(sheet, file))
+                return nullptr;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "this format is not yet supported.");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    return Py_None;
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_get_named_expressions(PyObject* self, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    const ss::document& doc = *t(self)->data->m_doc;
+    ss::sheet_t si = t(self)->data->m_sheet->get_index();
+    const ixion::model_context& cxt = doc.get_model_context();
+    return create_named_expressions_object(si, doc, cxt.get_named_expressions_iterator(si));
+}
+
+PyMethodDef tp_methods[] =
+{
+    { "get_rows", (PyCFunction)sheet_get_rows, METH_VARARGS, "Get a sheet row iterator." },
+    { "write", (PyCFunction)sheet_write, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, "Write sheet content to specified file object." },
+    { "get_named_expressions", (PyCFunction)sheet_get_named_expressions, METH_NOARGS, "Get a named expressions iterator." },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyMemberDef tp_members[] =
+{
+    { (char*)"name",       T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_sheet, name),       READONLY, (char*)"sheet name" },
+    { (char*)"sheet_size", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_sheet, sheet_size), READONLY, (char*)"sheet size" },
+    { (char*)"data_size",  T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(pyobj_sheet, data_size),  READONLY, (char*)"data size" },
+    { nullptr }
+};
+
+PyTypeObject sheet_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.Sheet",                            // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_sheet),                      // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)tp_dealloc,                   // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus sheet object",                     // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,		                                  // tp_iter
+    0,		                                  // tp_iternext
+    tp_methods,                               // tp_methods
+    tp_members,                               // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)tp_init,                     // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    tp_new,                                // tp_new
+};
+
+}
+
+sheet_data* get_sheet_data(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet*>(self)->data;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_sheet_type()
+{
+    return &sheet_type;
+}
+
+void store_sheet(
+    PyObject* self, const spreadsheet::document* doc, spreadsheet::sheet* orcus_sheet)
+{
+    pyobj_sheet* pysheet = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet*>(self);
+    pysheet->data->m_doc = doc;
+    pysheet->data->m_sheet = orcus_sheet;
+
+    // Populate the python members.
+
+    // Sheet name
+    spreadsheet::sheet_t sid = orcus_sheet->get_index();
+    std::string_view sheet_name = doc->get_sheet_name(sid);
+    pysheet->name = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(sheet_name.data(), sheet_name.size());
+
+    // Data size - size of the data area.
+    ixion::abs_range_t range = orcus_sheet->get_data_range();
+    if (range.valid())
+    {
+        pysheet->data_size = PyDict_New();
+        PyDict_SetItemString(pysheet->data_size, "column", PyLong_FromLong(range.last.column+1));
+        PyDict_SetItemString(pysheet->data_size, "row", PyLong_FromLong(range.last.row+1));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        pysheet->data_size = Py_None;
+    }
+
+    // Sheet size - size of the entire sheet.
+    pysheet->sheet_size = PyDict_New();
+    ss::range_size_t sheet_size = doc->get_sheet_size();
+    PyDict_SetItemString(pysheet->sheet_size, "column", PyLong_FromLong(sheet_size.columns));
+    PyDict_SetItemString(pysheet->sheet_size, "row", PyLong_FromLong(sheet_size.rows));
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/sheet.hpp b/src/python/sheet.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef349ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/sheet.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_SHEET_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_SHEET_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class sheet;
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+/** non-python part of the sheet object. */
+struct sheet_data
+{
+    const spreadsheet::document* m_doc;
+    spreadsheet::sheet* m_sheet;
+
+    sheet_data();
+    ~sheet_data();
+};
+
+PyTypeObject* get_sheet_type();
+
+void store_sheet(
+    PyObject* self, const spreadsheet::document* doc, spreadsheet::sheet* orcus_sheet);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/sheet_rows.cpp b/src/python/sheet_rows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be49589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/sheet_rows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "sheet_rows.hpp"
+#include "memory.hpp"
+#include "cell.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/sheet.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+
+#include <ixion/model_context.hpp>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+sheet_rows_data::sheet_rows_data() :
+    m_doc(nullptr),
+    m_sheet(nullptr),
+    m_range(ixion::abs_range_t::invalid),
+    m_current_row(-1) {}
+
+sheet_rows_data::~sheet_rows_data() {}
+
+namespace {
+
+/**
+ * Python object for orcus.SheetRows.
+ */
+struct pyobj_sheet_rows
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    sheet_rows_data* m_data;
+};
+
+void sheet_rows_dealloc(pyobj_sheet_rows* self)
+{
+    delete self->m_data;
+
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_rows_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    pyobj_sheet_rows* self = (pyobj_sheet_rows*)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    self->m_data = new sheet_rows_data;
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+int sheet_rows_init(pyobj_sheet_rows* /*self*/, PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*kwargs*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_rows_iter(PyObject* self)
+{
+    sheet_rows_data* data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet_rows*>(self)->m_data;
+
+    const ixion::abs_range_t& range = data->m_range;
+    if (range.valid())
+    {
+        data->m_current_row = 0;
+
+        ixion::abs_rc_range_t sheet_range;
+        sheet_range.first.column = 0;
+        sheet_range.first.row = 0;
+        sheet_range.last.column = range.last.column;
+        sheet_range.last.row = range.last.row;
+
+        data->m_range_iterator = data->m_doc->get_model_context().get_model_iterator(
+            data->m_sheet->get_index(), ixion::rc_direction_t::horizontal, sheet_range);
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return self;
+}
+
+PyObject* sheet_rows_iternext(PyObject* self)
+{
+    sheet_rows_data* data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet_rows*>(self)->m_data;
+    ixion::model_iterator& iter = data->m_range_iterator;
+
+    if (!iter.has())
+    {
+        // No more elements.  Stop the iteration.
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_StopIteration);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* pyobj_row = PyTuple_New(data->m_range.last.column+1);
+
+    for (; iter.has(); iter.next())
+    {
+        const auto& cell = iter.get();
+        if (cell.row != data->m_current_row)
+        {
+            ++data->m_current_row;
+            assert(cell.row == data->m_current_row);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        PyObject* obj = nullptr;
+        switch (cell.type)
+        {
+            case ixion::celltype_t::empty:
+            {
+                obj = create_cell_object_empty();
+                break;
+            }
+            case ixion::celltype_t::boolean:
+            {
+                obj = create_cell_object_boolean(std::get<bool>(cell.value));
+                break;
+            }
+            case ixion::celltype_t::numeric:
+            {
+                obj = create_cell_object_numeric(std::get<double>(cell.value));
+                break;
+            }
+            case ixion::celltype_t::string:
+            {
+                ixion::string_id_t sid = std::get<ixion::string_id_t>(cell.value);
+                const ixion::model_context& cxt = data->m_doc->get_model_context();
+                const std::string* ps = cxt.get_string(sid);
+                obj = create_cell_object_string(ps);
+                break;
+            }
+            case ixion::celltype_t::formula:
+            {
+                const ixion::formula_cell* fc = std::get<const ixion::formula_cell*>(cell.value);
+                ixion::abs_address_t pos(data->m_sheet->get_index(), cell.row, cell.col);
+                obj = create_cell_object_formula(*data->m_doc, pos, fc);
+                break;
+            }
+            case ixion::celltype_t::unknown:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (!obj)
+            return nullptr;
+
+        PyTuple_SetItem(pyobj_row, cell.col, obj);
+    }
+
+    return pyobj_row;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject sheet_rows_type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(nullptr, 0)
+    "orcus.SheetRows",                        // tp_name
+    sizeof(pyobj_sheet_rows),                       // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)sheet_rows_dealloc,           // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, // tp_flags
+    "orcus sheet rows iterator",              // tp_doc
+    0,		                                  // tp_traverse
+    0,		                                  // tp_clear
+    0,		                                  // tp_richcompare
+    0,		                                  // tp_weaklistoffset
+    (getiterfunc)sheet_rows_iter,		      // tp_iter
+    (iternextfunc)sheet_rows_iternext,        // tp_iternext
+    0,                                        // tp_methods
+    0,                                        // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    (initproc)sheet_rows_init,                // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    sheet_rows_new,                           // tp_new
+};
+
+}
+
+PyTypeObject* get_sheet_rows_type()
+{
+    return &sheet_rows_type;
+}
+
+void store_sheet_rows_data(PyObject* self, const spreadsheet::document* orcus_doc, const spreadsheet::sheet* orcus_sheet)
+{
+    sheet_rows_data* data = reinterpret_cast<pyobj_sheet_rows*>(self)->m_data;
+    data->m_doc = orcus_doc;
+    data->m_sheet = orcus_sheet;
+    data->m_range = orcus_sheet->get_data_range();
+}
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/sheet_rows.hpp b/src/python/sheet_rows.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e750098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/sheet_rows.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_SHEET_ROWS_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_SHEET_ROWS_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <ixion/address.hpp>
+#include <ixion/model_iterator.hpp>
+
+namespace ixion {
+
+class formula_name_resolver;
+
+}
+
+namespace orcus {
+
+namespace spreadsheet {
+
+class sheet;
+class document;
+
+}
+
+namespace python {
+
+/** non-python part. */
+struct sheet_rows_data
+{
+    const spreadsheet::document* m_doc;
+    const spreadsheet::sheet* m_sheet;
+    ixion::abs_range_t m_range;
+    ixion::model_iterator m_range_iterator;
+
+    ixion::row_t m_current_row;
+
+    sheet_rows_data();
+    ~sheet_rows_data();
+};
+
+PyTypeObject* get_sheet_rows_type();
+
+void store_sheet_rows_data(PyObject* self, const spreadsheet::document* orcus_doc, const spreadsheet::sheet* orcus_sheet);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/xls_xml.cpp b/src/python/xls_xml.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5caf747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/xls_xml.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "xls_xml.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_XLS_XML
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/orcus_xls_xml.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/factory.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_XLS_XML
+
+PyObject* xls_xml_read(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    stream_with_formulas data = read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(args, kwargs);
+    if (!data.stream)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        spreadsheet::range_size_t ss{1048576, 16384};
+        std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> doc = std::make_unique<spreadsheet::document>(ss);
+        spreadsheet::import_factory fact(*doc);
+        fact.set_recalc_formula_cells(data.recalc_formula_cells);
+        fact.set_formula_error_policy(data.error_policy);
+        orcus_xls_xml app(&fact);
+
+        return import_from_stream_into_document(data.stream.get(), app, std::move(doc));
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        set_python_exception(PyExc_RuntimeError, e);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+PyObject* xls_xml_read(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*)
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "The xls-xml module is not enabled.");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/xls_xml.hpp b/src/python/xls_xml.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5639521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/xls_xml.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_XLS_XML_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_XLS_XML_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* xls_xml_read(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/xlsx.cpp b/src/python/xlsx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56cf47d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/xlsx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include "xlsx.hpp"
+#include "global.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_XLSX
+#include "document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/orcus_xlsx.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/document.hpp"
+#include "orcus/spreadsheet/factory.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+#ifdef __ORCUS_PYTHON_XLSX
+
+PyObject* xlsx_read(PyObject* /*module*/, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs)
+{
+    stream_with_formulas data = read_stream_and_formula_params_from_args(args, kwargs);
+    if (!data.stream)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    try
+    {
+        spreadsheet::range_size_t ss{1048576, 16384};
+        std::unique_ptr<spreadsheet::document> doc = std::make_unique<spreadsheet::document>(ss);
+        spreadsheet::import_factory fact(*doc);
+        fact.set_recalc_formula_cells(data.recalc_formula_cells);
+        fact.set_formula_error_policy(data.error_policy);
+        orcus_xlsx app(&fact);
+
+        return import_from_stream_into_document(data.stream.get(), app, std::move(doc));
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception& e)
+    {
+        set_python_exception(PyExc_RuntimeError, e);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+PyObject* xlsx_read(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*)
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "The xlsx module is not enabled.");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}}
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
diff --git a/src/python/xlsx.hpp b/src/python/xlsx.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3d97e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/xlsx.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/*
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_XLSX_HPP
+#define INCLUDED_ORCUS_PYTHON_XLSX_HPP
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace orcus { namespace python {
+
+PyObject* xlsx_read(PyObject* module, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+}}
+
+#endif
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */