Adding upstream version 6.6.15.upstream/6.6.15

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=======================
+DAMON-based Reclamation
+=======================
+
+DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM) is a static kernel module that aimed to
+be used for proactive and lightweight reclamation under light memory pressure.
+It doesn't aim to replace the LRU-list based page_granularity reclamation, but
+to be selectively used for different level of memory pressure and requirements.
+
+Where Proactive Reclamation is Required?
+========================================
+
+On general memory over-committed systems, proactively reclaiming cold pages
+helps saving memory and reducing latency spikes that incurred by the direct
+reclaim of the process or CPU consumption of kswapd, while incurring only
+minimal performance degradation [1]_ [2]_ .
+
+Free Pages Reporting [3]_ based memory over-commit virtualization systems are
+good example of the cases.  In such systems, the guest VMs reports their free
+memory to host, and the host reallocates the reported memory to other guests.
+As a result, the memory of the systems are fully utilized.  However, the
+guests could be not so memory-frugal, mainly because some kernel subsystems and
+user-space applications are designed to use as much memory as available.  Then,
+guests could report only small amount of memory as free to host, results in
+memory utilization drop of the systems.  Running the proactive reclamation in
+guests could mitigate this problem.
+
+How It Works?
+=============
+
+DAMON_RECLAIM finds memory regions that didn't accessed for specific time
+duration and page out.  To avoid it consuming too much CPU for the paging out
+operation, a speed limit can be configured.  Under the speed limit, it pages
+out memory regions that didn't accessed longer time first.  System
+administrators can also configure under what situation this scheme should
+automatically activated and deactivated with three memory pressure watermarks.
+
+Interface: Module Parameters
+============================
+
+To use this feature, you should first ensure your system is running on a kernel
+that is built with ``CONFIG_DAMON_RECLAIM=y``.
+
+To let sysadmins enable or disable it and tune for the given system,
+DAMON_RECLAIM utilizes module parameters.  That is, you can put
+``damon_reclaim.<parameter>=<value>`` on the kernel boot command line or write
+proper values to ``/sys/module/damon_reclaim/parameters/<parameter>`` files.
+
+Below are the description of each parameter.
+
+enabled
+-------
+
+Enable or disable DAMON_RECLAIM.
+
+You can enable DAMON_RCLAIM by setting the value of this parameter as ``Y``.
+Setting it as ``N`` disables DAMON_RECLAIM.  Note that DAMON_RECLAIM could do
+no real monitoring and reclamation due to the watermarks-based activation
+condition.  Refer to below descriptions for the watermarks parameter for this.
+
+commit_inputs
+-------------
+
+Make DAMON_RECLAIM reads the input parameters again, except ``enabled``.
+
+Input parameters that updated while DAMON_RECLAIM is running are not applied
+by default.  Once this parameter is set as ``Y``, DAMON_RECLAIM reads values
+of parametrs except ``enabled`` again.  Once the re-reading is done, this
+parameter is set as ``N``.  If invalid parameters are found while the
+re-reading, DAMON_RECLAIM will be disabled.
+
+min_age
+-------
+
+Time threshold for cold memory regions identification in microseconds.
+
+If a memory region is not accessed for this or longer time, DAMON_RECLAIM
+identifies the region as cold, and reclaims it.
+
+120 seconds by default.
+
+quota_ms
+--------
+
+Limit of time for the reclamation in milliseconds.
+
+DAMON_RECLAIM tries to use only up to this time within a time window
+(quota_reset_interval_ms) for trying reclamation of cold pages.  This can be
+used for limiting CPU consumption of DAMON_RECLAIM.  If the value is zero, the
+limit is disabled.
+
+10 ms by default.
+
+quota_sz
+--------
+
+Limit of size of memory for the reclamation in bytes.
+
+DAMON_RECLAIM charges amount of memory which it tried to reclaim within a time
+window (quota_reset_interval_ms) and makes no more than this limit is tried.
+This can be used for limiting consumption of CPU and IO.  If this value is
+zero, the limit is disabled.
+
+128 MiB by default.
+
+quota_reset_interval_ms
+-----------------------
+
+The time/size quota charge reset interval in milliseconds.
+
+The charget reset interval for the quota of time (quota_ms) and size
+(quota_sz).  That is, DAMON_RECLAIM does not try reclamation for more than
+quota_ms milliseconds or quota_sz bytes within quota_reset_interval_ms
+milliseconds.
+
+1 second by default.
+
+wmarks_interval
+---------------
+
+Minimal time to wait before checking the watermarks, when DAMON_RECLAIM is
+enabled but inactive due to its watermarks rule.
+
+wmarks_high
+-----------
+
+Free memory rate (per thousand) for the high watermark.
+
+If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is higher than this,
+DAMON_RECLAIM becomes inactive, so it does nothing but only periodically checks
+the watermarks.
+
+wmarks_mid
+----------
+
+Free memory rate (per thousand) for the middle watermark.
+
+If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is between this and
+the low watermark, DAMON_RECLAIM becomes active, so starts the monitoring and
+the reclaiming.
+
+wmarks_low
+----------
+
+Free memory rate (per thousand) for the low watermark.
+
+If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is lower than this,
+DAMON_RECLAIM becomes inactive, so it does nothing but periodically checks the
+watermarks.  In the case, the system falls back to the LRU-list based page
+granularity reclamation logic.
+
+sample_interval
+---------------
+
+Sampling interval for the monitoring in microseconds.
+
+The sampling interval of DAMON for the cold memory monitoring.  Please refer to
+the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail.
+
+aggr_interval
+-------------
+
+Aggregation interval for the monitoring in microseconds.
+
+The aggregation interval of DAMON for the cold memory monitoring.  Please
+refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail.
+
+min_nr_regions
+--------------
+
+Minimum number of monitoring regions.
+
+The minimal number of monitoring regions of DAMON for the cold memory
+monitoring.  This can be used to set lower-bound of the monitoring quality.
+But, setting this too high could result in increased monitoring overhead.
+Please refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail.
+
+max_nr_regions
+--------------
+
+Maximum number of monitoring regions.
+
+The maximum number of monitoring regions of DAMON for the cold memory
+monitoring.  This can be used to set upper-bound of the monitoring overhead.
+However, setting this too low could result in bad monitoring quality.  Please
+refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail.
+
+monitor_region_start
+--------------------
+
+Start of target memory region in physical address.
+
+The start physical address of memory region that DAMON_RECLAIM will do work
+against.  That is, DAMON_RECLAIM will find cold memory regions in this region
+and reclaims.  By default, biggest System RAM is used as the region.
+
+monitor_region_end
+------------------
+
+End of target memory region in physical address.
+
+The end physical address of memory region that DAMON_RECLAIM will do work
+against.  That is, DAMON_RECLAIM will find cold memory regions in this region
+and reclaims.  By default, biggest System RAM is used as the region.
+
+skip_anon
+---------
+
+Skip anonymous pages reclamation.
+
+If this parameter is set as ``Y``, DAMON_RECLAIM does not reclaim anonymous
+pages.  By default, ``N``.
+
+
+kdamond_pid
+-----------
+
+PID of the DAMON thread.
+
+If DAMON_RECLAIM is enabled, this becomes the PID of the worker thread.  Else,
+-1.
+
+nr_reclaim_tried_regions
+------------------------
+
+Number of memory regions that tried to be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM.
+
+bytes_reclaim_tried_regions
+---------------------------
+
+Total bytes of memory regions that tried to be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM.
+
+nr_reclaimed_regions
+--------------------
+
+Number of memory regions that successfully be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM.
+
+bytes_reclaimed_regions
+-----------------------
+
+Total bytes of memory regions that successfully be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM.
+
+nr_quota_exceeds
+----------------
+
+Number of times that the time/space quota limits have exceeded.
+
+Example
+=======
+
+Below runtime example commands make DAMON_RECLAIM to find memory regions that
+not accessed for 30 seconds or more and pages out.  The reclamation is limited
+to be done only up to 1 GiB per second to avoid DAMON_RECLAIM consuming too
+much CPU time for the paging out operation.  It also asks DAMON_RECLAIM to do
+nothing if the system's free memory rate is more than 50%, but start the real
+works if it becomes lower than 40%.  If DAMON_RECLAIM doesn't make progress and
+therefore the free memory rate becomes lower than 20%, it asks DAMON_RECLAIM to
+do nothing again, so that we can fall back to the LRU-list based page
+granularity reclamation. ::
+
+    # cd /sys/module/damon_reclaim/parameters
+    # echo 30000000 > min_age
+    # echo $((1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) > quota_sz
+    # echo 1000 > quota_reset_interval_ms
+    # echo 500 > wmarks_high
+    # echo 400 > wmarks_mid
+    # echo 200 > wmarks_low
+    # echo Y > enabled
+
+.. [1] https://research.google/pubs/pub48551/
+.. [2] https://lwn.net/Articles/787611/
+.. [3] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/mm/free_page_reporting.html