Adding upstream version 6.6.15.upstream/6.6.15

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3864 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/file.c b/fs/btrfs/file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c997b79056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/btrfs/file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3864 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/btrfs.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+#include <linux/iversion.h>
+#include <linux/fsverity.h>
+#include "ctree.h"
+#include "disk-io.h"
+#include "transaction.h"
+#include "btrfs_inode.h"
+#include "print-tree.h"
+#include "tree-log.h"
+#include "locking.h"
+#include "volumes.h"
+#include "qgroup.h"
+#include "compression.h"
+#include "delalloc-space.h"
+#include "reflink.h"
+#include "subpage.h"
+#include "fs.h"
+#include "accessors.h"
+#include "extent-tree.h"
+#include "file-item.h"
+#include "ioctl.h"
+#include "file.h"
+#include "super.h"
+
+/* simple helper to fault in pages and copy.  This should go away
+ * and be replaced with calls into generic code.
+ */
+static noinline int btrfs_copy_from_user(loff_t pos, size_t write_bytes,
+					 struct page **prepared_pages,
+					 struct iov_iter *i)
+{
+	size_t copied = 0;
+	size_t total_copied = 0;
+	int pg = 0;
+	int offset = offset_in_page(pos);
+
+	while (write_bytes > 0) {
+		size_t count = min_t(size_t,
+				     PAGE_SIZE - offset, write_bytes);
+		struct page *page = prepared_pages[pg];
+		/*
+		 * Copy data from userspace to the current page
+		 */
+		copied = copy_page_from_iter_atomic(page, offset, count, i);
+
+		/* Flush processor's dcache for this page */
+		flush_dcache_page(page);
+
+		/*
+		 * if we get a partial write, we can end up with
+		 * partially up to date pages.  These add
+		 * a lot of complexity, so make sure they don't
+		 * happen by forcing this copy to be retried.
+		 *
+		 * The rest of the btrfs_file_write code will fall
+		 * back to page at a time copies after we return 0.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(copied < count)) {
+			if (!PageUptodate(page)) {
+				iov_iter_revert(i, copied);
+				copied = 0;
+			}
+			if (!copied)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		write_bytes -= copied;
+		total_copied += copied;
+		offset += copied;
+		if (offset == PAGE_SIZE) {
+			pg++;
+			offset = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return total_copied;
+}
+
+/*
+ * unlocks pages after btrfs_file_write is done with them
+ */
+static void btrfs_drop_pages(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+			     struct page **pages, size_t num_pages,
+			     u64 pos, u64 copied)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	u64 block_start = round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	u64 block_len = round_up(pos + copied, fs_info->sectorsize) - block_start;
+
+	ASSERT(block_len <= U32_MAX);
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
+		/* page checked is some magic around finding pages that
+		 * have been modified without going through btrfs_set_page_dirty
+		 * clear it here. There should be no need to mark the pages
+		 * accessed as prepare_pages should have marked them accessed
+		 * in prepare_pages via find_or_create_page()
+		 */
+		btrfs_page_clamp_clear_checked(fs_info, pages[i], block_start,
+					       block_len);
+		unlock_page(pages[i]);
+		put_page(pages[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * After btrfs_copy_from_user(), update the following things for delalloc:
+ * - Mark newly dirtied pages as DELALLOC in the io tree.
+ *   Used to advise which range is to be written back.
+ * - Mark modified pages as Uptodate/Dirty and not needing COW fixup
+ * - Update inode size for past EOF write
+ */
+int btrfs_dirty_pages(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct page **pages,
+		      size_t num_pages, loff_t pos, size_t write_bytes,
+		      struct extent_state **cached, bool noreserve)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+	int err = 0;
+	int i;
+	u64 num_bytes;
+	u64 start_pos;
+	u64 end_of_last_block;
+	u64 end_pos = pos + write_bytes;
+	loff_t isize = i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode);
+	unsigned int extra_bits = 0;
+
+	if (write_bytes == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (noreserve)
+		extra_bits |= EXTENT_NORESERVE;
+
+	start_pos = round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	num_bytes = round_up(write_bytes + pos - start_pos,
+			     fs_info->sectorsize);
+	ASSERT(num_bytes <= U32_MAX);
+
+	end_of_last_block = start_pos + num_bytes - 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * The pages may have already been dirty, clear out old accounting so
+	 * we can set things up properly
+	 */
+	clear_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, start_pos, end_of_last_block,
+			 EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING | EXTENT_DEFRAG,
+			 cached);
+
+	err = btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(inode, start_pos, end_of_last_block,
+					extra_bits, cached);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
+		struct page *p = pages[i];
+
+		btrfs_page_clamp_set_uptodate(fs_info, p, start_pos, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_page_clamp_clear_checked(fs_info, p, start_pos, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_page_clamp_set_dirty(fs_info, p, start_pos, num_bytes);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * we've only changed i_size in ram, and we haven't updated
+	 * the disk i_size.  There is no need to log the inode
+	 * at this time.
+	 */
+	if (end_pos > isize)
+		i_size_write(&inode->vfs_inode, end_pos);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * this is very complex, but the basic idea is to drop all extents
+ * in the range start - end.  hint_block is filled in with a block number
+ * that would be a good hint to the block allocator for this file.
+ *
+ * If an extent intersects the range but is not entirely inside the range
+ * it is either truncated or split.  Anything entirely inside the range
+ * is deleted from the tree.
+ *
+ * Note: the VFS' inode number of bytes is not updated, it's up to the caller
+ * to deal with that. We set the field 'bytes_found' of the arguments structure
+ * with the number of allocated bytes found in the target range, so that the
+ * caller can update the inode's number of bytes in an atomic way when
+ * replacing extents in a range to avoid races with stat(2).
+ */
+int btrfs_drop_extents(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+		       struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+		       struct btrfs_drop_extents_args *args)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
+	struct extent_buffer *leaf;
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
+	struct btrfs_ref ref = { 0 };
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	struct btrfs_key new_key;
+	u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
+	u64 search_start = args->start;
+	u64 disk_bytenr = 0;
+	u64 num_bytes = 0;
+	u64 extent_offset = 0;
+	u64 extent_end = 0;
+	u64 last_end = args->start;
+	int del_nr = 0;
+	int del_slot = 0;
+	int extent_type;
+	int recow;
+	int ret;
+	int modify_tree = -1;
+	int update_refs;
+	int found = 0;
+	struct btrfs_path *path = args->path;
+
+	args->bytes_found = 0;
+	args->extent_inserted = false;
+
+	/* Must always have a path if ->replace_extent is true */
+	ASSERT(!(args->replace_extent && !args->path));
+
+	if (!path) {
+		path = btrfs_alloc_path();
+		if (!path) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->drop_cache)
+		btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, args->start, args->end - 1, false);
+
+	if (args->start >= inode->disk_i_size && !args->replace_extent)
+		modify_tree = 0;
+
+	update_refs = (root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_TREE_LOG_OBJECTID);
+	while (1) {
+		recow = 0;
+		ret = btrfs_lookup_file_extent(trans, root, path, ino,
+					       search_start, modify_tree);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+		if (ret > 0 && path->slots[0] > 0 && search_start == args->start) {
+			leaf = path->nodes[0];
+			btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0] - 1);
+			if (key.objectid == ino &&
+			    key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
+				path->slots[0]--;
+		}
+		ret = 0;
+next_slot:
+		leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+			BUG_ON(del_nr > 0);
+			ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				break;
+			if (ret > 0) {
+				ret = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+			leaf = path->nodes[0];
+			recow = 1;
+		}
+
+		btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);
+
+		if (key.objectid > ino)
+			break;
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(key.objectid < ino) ||
+		    key.type < BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
+			ASSERT(del_nr == 0);
+			path->slots[0]++;
+			goto next_slot;
+		}
+		if (key.type > BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY || key.offset >= args->end)
+			break;
+
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+				    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		extent_type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi);
+
+		if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG ||
+		    extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC) {
+			disk_bytenr = btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, fi);
+			num_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
+			extent_offset = btrfs_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi);
+			extent_end = key.offset +
+				btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
+		} else if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
+			extent_end = key.offset +
+				btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, fi);
+		} else {
+			/* can't happen */
+			BUG();
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Don't skip extent items representing 0 byte lengths. They
+		 * used to be created (bug) if while punching holes we hit
+		 * -ENOSPC condition. So if we find one here, just ensure we
+		 * delete it, otherwise we would insert a new file extent item
+		 * with the same key (offset) as that 0 bytes length file
+		 * extent item in the call to setup_items_for_insert() later
+		 * in this function.
+		 */
+		if (extent_end == key.offset && extent_end >= search_start) {
+			last_end = extent_end;
+			goto delete_extent_item;
+		}
+
+		if (extent_end <= search_start) {
+			path->slots[0]++;
+			goto next_slot;
+		}
+
+		found = 1;
+		search_start = max(key.offset, args->start);
+		if (recow || !modify_tree) {
+			modify_tree = -1;
+			btrfs_release_path(path);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 *     | - range to drop - |
+		 *  | -------- extent -------- |
+		 */
+		if (args->start > key.offset && args->end < extent_end) {
+			BUG_ON(del_nr > 0);
+			if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
+				ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(&new_key, &key, sizeof(new_key));
+			new_key.offset = args->start;
+			ret = btrfs_duplicate_item(trans, root, path,
+						   &new_key);
+			if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
+				btrfs_release_path(path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ret < 0)
+				break;
+
+			leaf = path->nodes[0];
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1,
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							args->start - key.offset);
+
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+
+			extent_offset += args->start - key.offset;
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi, extent_offset);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							extent_end - args->start);
+			btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+
+			if (update_refs && disk_bytenr > 0) {
+				btrfs_init_generic_ref(&ref,
+						BTRFS_ADD_DELAYED_REF,
+						disk_bytenr, num_bytes, 0);
+				btrfs_init_data_ref(&ref,
+						root->root_key.objectid,
+						new_key.objectid,
+						args->start - extent_offset,
+						0, false);
+				ret = btrfs_inc_extent_ref(trans, &ref);
+				if (ret) {
+					btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			key.offset = args->start;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * From here on out we will have actually dropped something, so
+		 * last_end can be updated.
+		 */
+		last_end = extent_end;
+
+		/*
+		 *  | ---- range to drop ----- |
+		 *      | -------- extent -------- |
+		 */
+		if (args->start <= key.offset && args->end < extent_end) {
+			if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
+				ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(&new_key, &key, sizeof(new_key));
+			new_key.offset = args->end;
+			btrfs_set_item_key_safe(trans, path, &new_key);
+
+			extent_offset += args->end - key.offset;
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi, extent_offset);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							extent_end - args->end);
+			btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+			if (update_refs && disk_bytenr > 0)
+				args->bytes_found += args->end - key.offset;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		search_start = extent_end;
+		/*
+		 *       | ---- range to drop ----- |
+		 *  | -------- extent -------- |
+		 */
+		if (args->start > key.offset && args->end >= extent_end) {
+			BUG_ON(del_nr > 0);
+			if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
+				ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							args->start - key.offset);
+			btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+			if (update_refs && disk_bytenr > 0)
+				args->bytes_found += extent_end - args->start;
+			if (args->end == extent_end)
+				break;
+
+			path->slots[0]++;
+			goto next_slot;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 *  | ---- range to drop ----- |
+		 *    | ------ extent ------ |
+		 */
+		if (args->start <= key.offset && args->end >= extent_end) {
+delete_extent_item:
+			if (del_nr == 0) {
+				del_slot = path->slots[0];
+				del_nr = 1;
+			} else {
+				BUG_ON(del_slot + del_nr != path->slots[0]);
+				del_nr++;
+			}
+
+			if (update_refs &&
+			    extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
+				args->bytes_found += extent_end - key.offset;
+				extent_end = ALIGN(extent_end,
+						   fs_info->sectorsize);
+			} else if (update_refs && disk_bytenr > 0) {
+				btrfs_init_generic_ref(&ref,
+						BTRFS_DROP_DELAYED_REF,
+						disk_bytenr, num_bytes, 0);
+				btrfs_init_data_ref(&ref,
+						root->root_key.objectid,
+						key.objectid,
+						key.offset - extent_offset, 0,
+						false);
+				ret = btrfs_free_extent(trans, &ref);
+				if (ret) {
+					btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+					break;
+				}
+				args->bytes_found += extent_end - key.offset;
+			}
+
+			if (args->end == extent_end)
+				break;
+
+			if (path->slots[0] + 1 < btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+				path->slots[0]++;
+				goto next_slot;
+			}
+
+			ret = btrfs_del_items(trans, root, path, del_slot,
+					      del_nr);
+			if (ret) {
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			del_nr = 0;
+			del_slot = 0;
+
+			btrfs_release_path(path);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	if (!ret && del_nr > 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Set path->slots[0] to first slot, so that after the delete
+		 * if items are move off from our leaf to its immediate left or
+		 * right neighbor leafs, we end up with a correct and adjusted
+		 * path->slots[0] for our insertion (if args->replace_extent).
+		 */
+		path->slots[0] = del_slot;
+		ret = btrfs_del_items(trans, root, path, del_slot, del_nr);
+		if (ret)
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+	}
+
+	leaf = path->nodes[0];
+	/*
+	 * If btrfs_del_items() was called, it might have deleted a leaf, in
+	 * which case it unlocked our path, so check path->locks[0] matches a
+	 * write lock.
+	 */
+	if (!ret && args->replace_extent &&
+	    path->locks[0] == BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK &&
+	    btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) >=
+	    sizeof(struct btrfs_item) + args->extent_item_size) {
+
+		key.objectid = ino;
+		key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
+		key.offset = args->start;
+		if (!del_nr && path->slots[0] < btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+			struct btrfs_key slot_key;
+
+			btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &slot_key, path->slots[0]);
+			if (btrfs_comp_cpu_keys(&key, &slot_key) > 0)
+				path->slots[0]++;
+		}
+		btrfs_setup_item_for_insert(trans, root, path, &key,
+					    args->extent_item_size);
+		args->extent_inserted = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!args->path)
+		btrfs_free_path(path);
+	else if (!args->extent_inserted)
+		btrfs_release_path(path);
+out:
+	args->drop_end = found ? min(args->end, last_end) : args->end;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int extent_mergeable(struct extent_buffer *leaf, int slot,
+			    u64 objectid, u64 bytenr, u64 orig_offset,
+			    u64 *start, u64 *end)
+{
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	u64 extent_end;
+
+	if (slot < 0 || slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf))
+		return 0;
+
+	btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, slot);
+	if (key.objectid != objectid || key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
+		return 0;
+
+	fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, slot, struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+	if (btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi) != BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG ||
+	    btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, fi) != bytenr ||
+	    btrfs_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi) != key.offset - orig_offset ||
+	    btrfs_file_extent_compression(leaf, fi) ||
+	    btrfs_file_extent_encryption(leaf, fi) ||
+	    btrfs_file_extent_other_encoding(leaf, fi))
+		return 0;
+
+	extent_end = key.offset + btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
+	if ((*start && *start != key.offset) || (*end && *end != extent_end))
+		return 0;
+
+	*start = key.offset;
+	*end = extent_end;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark extent in the range start - end as written.
+ *
+ * This changes extent type from 'pre-allocated' to 'regular'. If only
+ * part of extent is marked as written, the extent will be split into
+ * two or three.
+ */
+int btrfs_mark_extent_written(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+			      struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end)
+{
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct extent_buffer *leaf;
+	struct btrfs_path *path;
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
+	struct btrfs_ref ref = { 0 };
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	struct btrfs_key new_key;
+	u64 bytenr;
+	u64 num_bytes;
+	u64 extent_end;
+	u64 orig_offset;
+	u64 other_start;
+	u64 other_end;
+	u64 split;
+	int del_nr = 0;
+	int del_slot = 0;
+	int recow;
+	int ret = 0;
+	u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
+
+	path = btrfs_alloc_path();
+	if (!path)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+again:
+	recow = 0;
+	split = start;
+	key.objectid = ino;
+	key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
+	key.offset = split;
+
+	ret = btrfs_search_slot(trans, root, &key, path, -1, 1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (ret > 0 && path->slots[0] > 0)
+		path->slots[0]--;
+
+	leaf = path->nodes[0];
+	btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);
+	if (key.objectid != ino ||
+	    key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+			    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+	if (btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi) != BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	extent_end = key.offset + btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
+	if (key.offset > start || extent_end < end) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	bytenr = btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, fi);
+	num_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
+	orig_offset = key.offset - btrfs_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi);
+	memcpy(&new_key, &key, sizeof(new_key));
+
+	if (start == key.offset && end < extent_end) {
+		other_start = 0;
+		other_end = start;
+		if (extent_mergeable(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1,
+				     ino, bytenr, orig_offset,
+				     &other_start, &other_end)) {
+			new_key.offset = end;
+			btrfs_set_item_key_safe(trans, path, &new_key);
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi,
+							 trans->transid);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							extent_end - end);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi,
+						     end - orig_offset);
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1,
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi,
+							 trans->transid);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							end - other_start);
+			btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (start > key.offset && end == extent_end) {
+		other_start = end;
+		other_end = 0;
+		if (extent_mergeable(leaf, path->slots[0] + 1,
+				     ino, bytenr, orig_offset,
+				     &other_start, &other_end)) {
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							start - key.offset);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi,
+							 trans->transid);
+			path->slots[0]++;
+			new_key.offset = start;
+			btrfs_set_item_key_safe(trans, path, &new_key);
+
+			fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+					    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi,
+							 trans->transid);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+							other_end - start);
+			btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi,
+						     start - orig_offset);
+			btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (start > key.offset || end < extent_end) {
+		if (key.offset == start)
+			split = end;
+
+		new_key.offset = split;
+		ret = btrfs_duplicate_item(trans, root, path, &new_key);
+		if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
+			btrfs_release_path(path);
+			goto again;
+		}
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1,
+				    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+						split - key.offset);
+
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+				    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi, split - orig_offset);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+						extent_end - split);
+		btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+
+		btrfs_init_generic_ref(&ref, BTRFS_ADD_DELAYED_REF, bytenr,
+				       num_bytes, 0);
+		btrfs_init_data_ref(&ref, root->root_key.objectid, ino,
+				    orig_offset, 0, false);
+		ret = btrfs_inc_extent_ref(trans, &ref);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (split == start) {
+			key.offset = start;
+		} else {
+			if (start != key.offset) {
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			path->slots[0]--;
+			extent_end = end;
+		}
+		recow = 1;
+	}
+
+	other_start = end;
+	other_end = 0;
+	btrfs_init_generic_ref(&ref, BTRFS_DROP_DELAYED_REF, bytenr,
+			       num_bytes, 0);
+	btrfs_init_data_ref(&ref, root->root_key.objectid, ino, orig_offset,
+			    0, false);
+	if (extent_mergeable(leaf, path->slots[0] + 1,
+			     ino, bytenr, orig_offset,
+			     &other_start, &other_end)) {
+		if (recow) {
+			btrfs_release_path(path);
+			goto again;
+		}
+		extent_end = other_end;
+		del_slot = path->slots[0] + 1;
+		del_nr++;
+		ret = btrfs_free_extent(trans, &ref);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	other_start = 0;
+	other_end = start;
+	if (extent_mergeable(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1,
+			     ino, bytenr, orig_offset,
+			     &other_start, &other_end)) {
+		if (recow) {
+			btrfs_release_path(path);
+			goto again;
+		}
+		key.offset = other_start;
+		del_slot = path->slots[0];
+		del_nr++;
+		ret = btrfs_free_extent(trans, &ref);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	if (del_nr == 0) {
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+			   struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_type(leaf, fi,
+					   BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+	} else {
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, del_slot - 1,
+			   struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_type(leaf, fi,
+					   BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi,
+						extent_end - key.offset);
+		btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+
+		ret = btrfs_del_items(trans, root, path, del_slot, del_nr);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	btrfs_free_path(path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * on error we return an unlocked page and the error value
+ * on success we return a locked page and 0
+ */
+static int prepare_uptodate_page(struct inode *inode,
+				 struct page *page, u64 pos,
+				 bool force_uptodate)
+{
+	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (((pos & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) || force_uptodate) &&
+	    !PageUptodate(page)) {
+		ret = btrfs_read_folio(NULL, folio);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		lock_page(page);
+		if (!PageUptodate(page)) {
+			unlock_page(page);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Since btrfs_read_folio() will unlock the folio before it
+		 * returns, there is a window where btrfs_release_folio() can be
+		 * called to release the page.  Here we check both inode
+		 * mapping and PagePrivate() to make sure the page was not
+		 * released.
+		 *
+		 * The private flag check is essential for subpage as we need
+		 * to store extra bitmap using page->private.
+		 */
+		if (page->mapping != inode->i_mapping || !PagePrivate(page)) {
+			unlock_page(page);
+			return -EAGAIN;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static fgf_t get_prepare_fgp_flags(bool nowait)
+{
+	fgf_t fgp_flags = FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT;
+
+	if (nowait)
+		fgp_flags |= FGP_NOWAIT;
+
+	return fgp_flags;
+}
+
+static gfp_t get_prepare_gfp_flags(struct inode *inode, bool nowait)
+{
+	gfp_t gfp;
+
+	gfp = btrfs_alloc_write_mask(inode->i_mapping);
+	if (nowait) {
+		gfp &= ~__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM;
+		gfp |= GFP_NOWAIT;
+	}
+
+	return gfp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * this just gets pages into the page cache and locks them down.
+ */
+static noinline int prepare_pages(struct inode *inode, struct page **pages,
+				  size_t num_pages, loff_t pos,
+				  size_t write_bytes, bool force_uptodate,
+				  bool nowait)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	gfp_t mask = get_prepare_gfp_flags(inode, nowait);
+	fgf_t fgp_flags = get_prepare_fgp_flags(nowait);
+	int err = 0;
+	int faili;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
+again:
+		pages[i] = pagecache_get_page(inode->i_mapping, index + i,
+					      fgp_flags, mask | __GFP_WRITE);
+		if (!pages[i]) {
+			faili = i - 1;
+			if (nowait)
+				err = -EAGAIN;
+			else
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+
+		err = set_page_extent_mapped(pages[i]);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			faili = i;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+
+		if (i == 0)
+			err = prepare_uptodate_page(inode, pages[i], pos,
+						    force_uptodate);
+		if (!err && i == num_pages - 1)
+			err = prepare_uptodate_page(inode, pages[i],
+						    pos + write_bytes, false);
+		if (err) {
+			put_page(pages[i]);
+			if (!nowait && err == -EAGAIN) {
+				err = 0;
+				goto again;
+			}
+			faili = i - 1;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		wait_on_page_writeback(pages[i]);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+fail:
+	while (faili >= 0) {
+		unlock_page(pages[faili]);
+		put_page(pages[faili]);
+		faili--;
+	}
+	return err;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function locks the extent and properly waits for data=ordered extents
+ * to finish before allowing the pages to be modified if need.
+ *
+ * The return value:
+ * 1 - the extent is locked
+ * 0 - the extent is not locked, and everything is OK
+ * -EAGAIN - need re-prepare the pages
+ * the other < 0 number - Something wrong happens
+ */
+static noinline int
+lock_and_cleanup_extent_if_need(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct page **pages,
+				size_t num_pages, loff_t pos,
+				size_t write_bytes,
+				u64 *lockstart, u64 *lockend, bool nowait,
+				struct extent_state **cached_state)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+	u64 start_pos;
+	u64 last_pos;
+	int i;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	start_pos = round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	last_pos = round_up(pos + write_bytes, fs_info->sectorsize) - 1;
+
+	if (start_pos < inode->vfs_inode.i_size) {
+		struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
+
+		if (nowait) {
+			if (!try_lock_extent(&inode->io_tree, start_pos, last_pos,
+					     cached_state)) {
+				for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
+					unlock_page(pages[i]);
+					put_page(pages[i]);
+					pages[i] = NULL;
+				}
+
+				return -EAGAIN;
+			}
+		} else {
+			lock_extent(&inode->io_tree, start_pos, last_pos, cached_state);
+		}
+
+		ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(inode, start_pos,
+						     last_pos - start_pos + 1);
+		if (ordered &&
+		    ordered->file_offset + ordered->num_bytes > start_pos &&
+		    ordered->file_offset <= last_pos) {
+			unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, start_pos, last_pos,
+				      cached_state);
+			for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
+				unlock_page(pages[i]);
+				put_page(pages[i]);
+			}
+			btrfs_start_ordered_extent(ordered);
+			btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
+			return -EAGAIN;
+		}
+		if (ordered)
+			btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
+
+		*lockstart = start_pos;
+		*lockend = last_pos;
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We should be called after prepare_pages() which should have locked
+	 * all pages in the range.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++)
+		WARN_ON(!PageLocked(pages[i]));
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if we can do nocow write into the range [@pos, @pos + @write_bytes)
+ *
+ * @pos:         File offset.
+ * @write_bytes: The length to write, will be updated to the nocow writeable
+ *               range.
+ *
+ * This function will flush ordered extents in the range to ensure proper
+ * nocow checks.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * > 0          If we can nocow, and updates @write_bytes.
+ *  0           If we can't do a nocow write.
+ * -EAGAIN      If we can't do a nocow write because snapshoting of the inode's
+ *              root is in progress.
+ * < 0          If an error happened.
+ *
+ * NOTE: Callers need to call btrfs_check_nocow_unlock() if we return > 0.
+ */
+int btrfs_check_nocow_lock(struct btrfs_inode *inode, loff_t pos,
+			   size_t *write_bytes, bool nowait)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+	u64 lockstart, lockend;
+	u64 num_bytes;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!(inode->flags & (BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW | BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!btrfs_drew_try_write_lock(&root->snapshot_lock))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	lockstart = round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	lockend = round_up(pos + *write_bytes,
+			   fs_info->sectorsize) - 1;
+	num_bytes = lockend - lockstart + 1;
+
+	if (nowait) {
+		if (!btrfs_try_lock_ordered_range(inode, lockstart, lockend,
+						  &cached_state)) {
+			btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);
+			return -EAGAIN;
+		}
+	} else {
+		btrfs_lock_and_flush_ordered_range(inode, lockstart, lockend,
+						   &cached_state);
+	}
+	ret = can_nocow_extent(&inode->vfs_inode, lockstart, &num_bytes,
+			NULL, NULL, NULL, nowait, false);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);
+	else
+		*write_bytes = min_t(size_t, *write_bytes ,
+				     num_bytes - pos + lockstart);
+	unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, lockstart, lockend, &cached_state);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void btrfs_check_nocow_unlock(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
+{
+	btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&inode->root->snapshot_lock);
+}
+
+static void update_time_for_write(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct timespec64 now, ctime;
+
+	if (IS_NOCMTIME(inode))
+		return;
+
+	now = current_time(inode);
+	if (!timespec64_equal(&inode->i_mtime, &now))
+		inode->i_mtime = now;
+
+	ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
+	if (!timespec64_equal(&ctime, &now))
+		inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, now);
+
+	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode))
+		inode_inc_iversion(inode);
+}
+
+static int btrfs_write_check(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
+			     size_t count)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
+	int ret;
+	loff_t oldsize;
+	loff_t start_pos;
+
+	/*
+	 * Quickly bail out on NOWAIT writes if we don't have the nodatacow or
+	 * prealloc flags, as without those flags we always have to COW. We will
+	 * later check if we can really COW into the target range (using
+	 * can_nocow_extent() at btrfs_get_blocks_direct_write()).
+	 */
+	if ((iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) &&
+	    !(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & (BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW | BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC)))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	ret = file_remove_privs(file);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * We reserve space for updating the inode when we reserve space for the
+	 * extent we are going to write, so we will enospc out there.  We don't
+	 * need to start yet another transaction to update the inode as we will
+	 * update the inode when we finish writing whatever data we write.
+	 */
+	update_time_for_write(inode);
+
+	start_pos = round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	oldsize = i_size_read(inode);
+	if (start_pos > oldsize) {
+		/* Expand hole size to cover write data, preventing empty gap */
+		loff_t end_pos = round_up(pos + count, fs_info->sectorsize);
+
+		ret = btrfs_cont_expand(BTRFS_I(inode), oldsize, end_pos);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static noinline ssize_t btrfs_buffered_write(struct kiocb *iocb,
+					       struct iov_iter *i)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	loff_t pos;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+	struct page **pages = NULL;
+	struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
+	u64 release_bytes = 0;
+	u64 lockstart;
+	u64 lockend;
+	size_t num_written = 0;
+	int nrptrs;
+	ssize_t ret;
+	bool only_release_metadata = false;
+	bool force_page_uptodate = false;
+	loff_t old_isize = i_size_read(inode);
+	unsigned int ilock_flags = 0;
+	const bool nowait = (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT);
+	unsigned int bdp_flags = (nowait ? BDP_ASYNC : 0);
+
+	if (nowait)
+		ilock_flags |= BTRFS_ILOCK_TRY;
+
+	ret = btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = generic_write_checks(iocb, i);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = btrfs_write_check(iocb, i, ret);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	pos = iocb->ki_pos;
+	nrptrs = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(iov_iter_count(i), PAGE_SIZE),
+			PAGE_SIZE / (sizeof(struct page *)));
+	nrptrs = min(nrptrs, current->nr_dirtied_pause - current->nr_dirtied);
+	nrptrs = max(nrptrs, 8);
+	pages = kmalloc_array(nrptrs, sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!pages) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	while (iov_iter_count(i) > 0) {
+		struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+		size_t offset = offset_in_page(pos);
+		size_t sector_offset;
+		size_t write_bytes = min(iov_iter_count(i),
+					 nrptrs * (size_t)PAGE_SIZE -
+					 offset);
+		size_t num_pages;
+		size_t reserve_bytes;
+		size_t dirty_pages;
+		size_t copied;
+		size_t dirty_sectors;
+		size_t num_sectors;
+		int extents_locked;
+
+		/*
+		 * Fault pages before locking them in prepare_pages
+		 * to avoid recursive lock
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(fault_in_iov_iter_readable(i, write_bytes))) {
+			ret = -EFAULT;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		only_release_metadata = false;
+		sector_offset = pos & (fs_info->sectorsize - 1);
+
+		extent_changeset_release(data_reserved);
+		ret = btrfs_check_data_free_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						  &data_reserved, pos,
+						  write_bytes, nowait);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			int can_nocow;
+
+			if (nowait && (ret == -ENOSPC || ret == -EAGAIN)) {
+				ret = -EAGAIN;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If we don't have to COW at the offset, reserve
+			 * metadata only. write_bytes may get smaller than
+			 * requested here.
+			 */
+			can_nocow = btrfs_check_nocow_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), pos,
+							   &write_bytes, nowait);
+			if (can_nocow < 0)
+				ret = can_nocow;
+			if (can_nocow > 0)
+				ret = 0;
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			only_release_metadata = true;
+		}
+
+		num_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(write_bytes + offset, PAGE_SIZE);
+		WARN_ON(num_pages > nrptrs);
+		reserve_bytes = round_up(write_bytes + sector_offset,
+					 fs_info->sectorsize);
+		WARN_ON(reserve_bytes == 0);
+		ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						      reserve_bytes,
+						      reserve_bytes, nowait);
+		if (ret) {
+			if (!only_release_metadata)
+				btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						data_reserved, pos,
+						write_bytes);
+			else
+				btrfs_check_nocow_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode));
+
+			if (nowait && ret == -ENOSPC)
+				ret = -EAGAIN;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		release_bytes = reserve_bytes;
+again:
+		ret = balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_flags(inode->i_mapping, bdp_flags);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), reserve_bytes);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This is going to setup the pages array with the number of
+		 * pages we want, so we don't really need to worry about the
+		 * contents of pages from loop to loop
+		 */
+		ret = prepare_pages(inode, pages, num_pages,
+				    pos, write_bytes, force_page_uptodate, false);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						       reserve_bytes);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		extents_locked = lock_and_cleanup_extent_if_need(
+				BTRFS_I(inode), pages,
+				num_pages, pos, write_bytes, &lockstart,
+				&lockend, nowait, &cached_state);
+		if (extents_locked < 0) {
+			if (!nowait && extents_locked == -EAGAIN)
+				goto again;
+
+			btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						       reserve_bytes);
+			ret = extents_locked;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		copied = btrfs_copy_from_user(pos, write_bytes, pages, i);
+
+		num_sectors = BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, reserve_bytes);
+		dirty_sectors = round_up(copied + sector_offset,
+					fs_info->sectorsize);
+		dirty_sectors = BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, dirty_sectors);
+
+		/*
+		 * if we have trouble faulting in the pages, fall
+		 * back to one page at a time
+		 */
+		if (copied < write_bytes)
+			nrptrs = 1;
+
+		if (copied == 0) {
+			force_page_uptodate = true;
+			dirty_sectors = 0;
+			dirty_pages = 0;
+		} else {
+			force_page_uptodate = false;
+			dirty_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(copied + offset,
+						   PAGE_SIZE);
+		}
+
+		if (num_sectors > dirty_sectors) {
+			/* release everything except the sectors we dirtied */
+			release_bytes -= dirty_sectors << fs_info->sectorsize_bits;
+			if (only_release_metadata) {
+				btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode),
+							release_bytes, true);
+			} else {
+				u64 __pos;
+
+				__pos = round_down(pos,
+						   fs_info->sectorsize) +
+					(dirty_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
+				btrfs_delalloc_release_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						data_reserved, __pos,
+						release_bytes, true);
+			}
+		}
+
+		release_bytes = round_up(copied + sector_offset,
+					fs_info->sectorsize);
+
+		ret = btrfs_dirty_pages(BTRFS_I(inode), pages,
+					dirty_pages, pos, copied,
+					&cached_state, only_release_metadata);
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have not locked the extent range, because the range's
+		 * start offset is >= i_size, we might still have a non-NULL
+		 * cached extent state, acquired while marking the extent range
+		 * as delalloc through btrfs_dirty_pages(). Therefore free any
+		 * possible cached extent state to avoid a memory leak.
+		 */
+		if (extents_locked)
+			unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart,
+				      lockend, &cached_state);
+		else
+			free_extent_state(cached_state);
+
+		btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), reserve_bytes);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_drop_pages(fs_info, pages, num_pages, pos, copied);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		release_bytes = 0;
+		if (only_release_metadata)
+			btrfs_check_nocow_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode));
+
+		btrfs_drop_pages(fs_info, pages, num_pages, pos, copied);
+
+		cond_resched();
+
+		pos += copied;
+		num_written += copied;
+	}
+
+	kfree(pages);
+
+	if (release_bytes) {
+		if (only_release_metadata) {
+			btrfs_check_nocow_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode));
+			btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode),
+					release_bytes, true);
+		} else {
+			btrfs_delalloc_release_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
+					data_reserved,
+					round_down(pos, fs_info->sectorsize),
+					release_bytes, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+	extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
+	if (num_written > 0) {
+		pagecache_isize_extended(inode, old_isize, iocb->ki_pos);
+		iocb->ki_pos += num_written;
+	}
+out:
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+	return num_written ? num_written : ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t check_direct_IO(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+			       const struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t offset)
+{
+	const u32 blocksize_mask = fs_info->sectorsize - 1;
+
+	if (offset & blocksize_mask)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (iov_iter_alignment(iter) & blocksize_mask)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t btrfs_direct_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+	loff_t pos;
+	ssize_t written = 0;
+	ssize_t written_buffered;
+	size_t prev_left = 0;
+	loff_t endbyte;
+	ssize_t err;
+	unsigned int ilock_flags = 0;
+	struct iomap_dio *dio;
+
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		ilock_flags |= BTRFS_ILOCK_TRY;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the write DIO is within EOF, use a shared lock and also only if
+	 * security bits will likely not be dropped by file_remove_privs() called
+	 * from btrfs_write_check(). Either will need to be rechecked after the
+	 * lock was acquired.
+	 */
+	if (iocb->ki_pos + iov_iter_count(from) <= i_size_read(inode) && IS_NOSEC(inode))
+		ilock_flags |= BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED;
+
+relock:
+	err = btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Shared lock cannot be used with security bits set. */
+	if ((ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED) && !IS_NOSEC(inode)) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+		ilock_flags &= ~BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED;
+		goto relock;
+	}
+
+	err = generic_write_checks(iocb, from);
+	if (err <= 0) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	err = btrfs_write_check(iocb, from, err);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	pos = iocb->ki_pos;
+	/*
+	 * Re-check since file size may have changed just before taking the
+	 * lock or pos may have changed because of O_APPEND in generic_write_check()
+	 */
+	if ((ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED) &&
+	    pos + iov_iter_count(from) > i_size_read(inode)) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+		ilock_flags &= ~BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED;
+		goto relock;
+	}
+
+	if (check_direct_IO(fs_info, from, pos)) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+		goto buffered;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The iov_iter can be mapped to the same file range we are writing to.
+	 * If that's the case, then we will deadlock in the iomap code, because
+	 * it first calls our callback btrfs_dio_iomap_begin(), which will create
+	 * an ordered extent, and after that it will fault in the pages that the
+	 * iov_iter refers to. During the fault in we end up in the readahead
+	 * pages code (starting at btrfs_readahead()), which will lock the range,
+	 * find that ordered extent and then wait for it to complete (at
+	 * btrfs_lock_and_flush_ordered_range()), resulting in a deadlock since
+	 * obviously the ordered extent can never complete as we didn't submit
+	 * yet the respective bio(s). This always happens when the buffer is
+	 * memory mapped to the same file range, since the iomap DIO code always
+	 * invalidates pages in the target file range (after starting and waiting
+	 * for any writeback).
+	 *
+	 * So here we disable page faults in the iov_iter and then retry if we
+	 * got -EFAULT, faulting in the pages before the retry.
+	 */
+	from->nofault = true;
+	dio = btrfs_dio_write(iocb, from, written);
+	from->nofault = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * iomap_dio_complete() will call btrfs_sync_file() if we have a dsync
+	 * iocb, and that needs to lock the inode. So unlock it before calling
+	 * iomap_dio_complete() to avoid a deadlock.
+	 */
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), ilock_flags);
+
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dio))
+		err = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dio);
+	else
+		err = iomap_dio_complete(dio);
+
+	/* No increment (+=) because iomap returns a cumulative value. */
+	if (err > 0)
+		written = err;
+
+	if (iov_iter_count(from) > 0 && (err == -EFAULT || err > 0)) {
+		const size_t left = iov_iter_count(from);
+		/*
+		 * We have more data left to write. Try to fault in as many as
+		 * possible of the remainder pages and retry. We do this without
+		 * releasing and locking again the inode, to prevent races with
+		 * truncate.
+		 *
+		 * Also, in case the iov refers to pages in the file range of the
+		 * file we want to write to (due to a mmap), we could enter an
+		 * infinite loop if we retry after faulting the pages in, since
+		 * iomap will invalidate any pages in the range early on, before
+		 * it tries to fault in the pages of the iov. So we keep track of
+		 * how much was left of iov in the previous EFAULT and fallback
+		 * to buffered IO in case we haven't made any progress.
+		 */
+		if (left == prev_left) {
+			err = -ENOTBLK;
+		} else {
+			fault_in_iov_iter_readable(from, left);
+			prev_left = left;
+			goto relock;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If 'err' is -ENOTBLK or we have not written all data, then it means
+	 * we must fallback to buffered IO.
+	 */
+	if ((err < 0 && err != -ENOTBLK) || !iov_iter_count(from))
+		goto out;
+
+buffered:
+	/*
+	 * If we are in a NOWAIT context, then return -EAGAIN to signal the caller
+	 * it must retry the operation in a context where blocking is acceptable,
+	 * because even if we end up not blocking during the buffered IO attempt
+	 * below, we will block when flushing and waiting for the IO.
+	 */
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) {
+		err = -EAGAIN;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	pos = iocb->ki_pos;
+	written_buffered = btrfs_buffered_write(iocb, from);
+	if (written_buffered < 0) {
+		err = written_buffered;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Ensure all data is persisted. We want the next direct IO read to be
+	 * able to read what was just written.
+	 */
+	endbyte = pos + written_buffered - 1;
+	err = btrfs_fdatawrite_range(inode, pos, endbyte);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	err = filemap_fdatawait_range(inode->i_mapping, pos, endbyte);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	written += written_buffered;
+	iocb->ki_pos = pos + written_buffered;
+	invalidate_mapping_pages(file->f_mapping, pos >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+				 endbyte >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+out:
+	return err < 0 ? err : written;
+}
+
+static ssize_t btrfs_encoded_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
+			const struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args *encoded)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	loff_t count;
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
+	count = encoded->len;
+	ret = generic_write_checks_count(iocb, &count);
+	if (ret == 0 && count != encoded->len) {
+		/*
+		 * The write got truncated by generic_write_checks_count(). We
+		 * can't do a partial encoded write.
+		 */
+		ret = -EFBIG;
+	}
+	if (ret || encoded->len == 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = btrfs_write_check(iocb, from, encoded->len);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = btrfs_do_encoded_write(iocb, from, encoded);
+out:
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+ssize_t btrfs_do_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
+			    const struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args *encoded)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file_inode(file));
+	ssize_t num_written, num_sync;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the fs flips readonly due to some impossible error, although we
+	 * have opened a file as writable, we have to stop this write operation
+	 * to ensure consistency.
+	 */
+	if (BTRFS_FS_ERROR(inode->root->fs_info))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	if (encoded && (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (encoded) {
+		num_written = btrfs_encoded_write(iocb, from, encoded);
+		num_sync = encoded->len;
+	} else if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
+		num_written = btrfs_direct_write(iocb, from);
+		num_sync = num_written;
+	} else {
+		num_written = btrfs_buffered_write(iocb, from);
+		num_sync = num_written;
+	}
+
+	btrfs_set_inode_last_sub_trans(inode);
+
+	if (num_sync > 0) {
+		num_sync = generic_write_sync(iocb, num_sync);
+		if (num_sync < 0)
+			num_written = num_sync;
+	}
+
+	return num_written;
+}
+
+static ssize_t btrfs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+	return btrfs_do_write_iter(iocb, from, NULL);
+}
+
+int btrfs_release_file(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
+{
+	struct btrfs_file_private *private = filp->private_data;
+
+	if (private) {
+		kfree(private->filldir_buf);
+		free_extent_state(private->llseek_cached_state);
+		kfree(private);
+		filp->private_data = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set by setattr when we are about to truncate a file from a non-zero
+	 * size to a zero size.  This tries to flush down new bytes that may
+	 * have been written if the application were using truncate to replace
+	 * a file in place.
+	 */
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(BTRFS_INODE_FLUSH_ON_CLOSE,
+			       &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags))
+			filemap_flush(inode->i_mapping);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_ordered_ops(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is only called in fsync, which would do synchronous writes, so
+	 * a plug can merge adjacent IOs as much as possible.  Esp. in case of
+	 * multiple disks using raid profile, a large IO can be split to
+	 * several segments of stripe length (currently 64K).
+	 */
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	ret = btrfs_fdatawrite_range(inode, start, end);
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline bool skip_inode_logging(const struct btrfs_log_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(ctx->inode);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+
+	if (btrfs_inode_in_log(inode, fs_info->generation) &&
+	    list_empty(&ctx->ordered_extents))
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are doing a fast fsync we can not bail out if the inode's
+	 * last_trans is <= then the last committed transaction, because we only
+	 * update the last_trans of the inode during ordered extent completion,
+	 * and for a fast fsync we don't wait for that, we only wait for the
+	 * writeback to complete.
+	 */
+	if (inode->last_trans <= fs_info->last_trans_committed &&
+	    (test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NEEDS_FULL_SYNC, &inode->runtime_flags) ||
+	     list_empty(&ctx->ordered_extents)))
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fsync call for both files and directories.  This logs the inode into
+ * the tree log instead of forcing full commits whenever possible.
+ *
+ * It needs to call filemap_fdatawait so that all ordered extent updates are
+ * in the metadata btree are up to date for copying to the log.
+ *
+ * It drops the inode mutex before doing the tree log commit.  This is an
+ * important optimization for directories because holding the mutex prevents
+ * new operations on the dir while we write to disk.
+ */
+int btrfs_sync_file(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry = file_dentry(file);
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
+	struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
+	struct btrfs_log_ctx ctx;
+	int ret = 0, err;
+	u64 len;
+	bool full_sync;
+
+	trace_btrfs_sync_file(file, datasync);
+
+	btrfs_init_log_ctx(&ctx, inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * Always set the range to a full range, otherwise we can get into
+	 * several problems, from missing file extent items to represent holes
+	 * when not using the NO_HOLES feature, to log tree corruption due to
+	 * races between hole detection during logging and completion of ordered
+	 * extents outside the range, to missing checksums due to ordered extents
+	 * for which we flushed only a subset of their pages.
+	 */
+	start = 0;
+	end = LLONG_MAX;
+	len = (u64)LLONG_MAX + 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * We write the dirty pages in the range and wait until they complete
+	 * out of the ->i_mutex. If so, we can flush the dirty pages by
+	 * multi-task, and make the performance up.  See
+	 * btrfs_wait_ordered_range for an explanation of the ASYNC check.
+	 */
+	ret = start_ordered_ops(inode, start, end);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+
+	atomic_inc(&root->log_batch);
+
+	/*
+	 * Before we acquired the inode's lock and the mmap lock, someone may
+	 * have dirtied more pages in the target range. We need to make sure
+	 * that writeback for any such pages does not start while we are logging
+	 * the inode, because if it does, any of the following might happen when
+	 * we are not doing a full inode sync:
+	 *
+	 * 1) We log an extent after its writeback finishes but before its
+	 *    checksums are added to the csum tree, leading to -EIO errors
+	 *    when attempting to read the extent after a log replay.
+	 *
+	 * 2) We can end up logging an extent before its writeback finishes.
+	 *    Therefore after the log replay we will have a file extent item
+	 *    pointing to an unwritten extent (and no data checksums as well).
+	 *
+	 * So trigger writeback for any eventual new dirty pages and then we
+	 * wait for all ordered extents to complete below.
+	 */
+	ret = start_ordered_ops(inode, start, end);
+	if (ret) {
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Always check for the full sync flag while holding the inode's lock,
+	 * to avoid races with other tasks. The flag must be either set all the
+	 * time during logging or always off all the time while logging.
+	 * We check the flag here after starting delalloc above, because when
+	 * running delalloc the full sync flag may be set if we need to drop
+	 * extra extent map ranges due to temporary memory allocation failures.
+	 */
+	full_sync = test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NEEDS_FULL_SYNC,
+			     &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have to do this here to avoid the priority inversion of waiting on
+	 * IO of a lower priority task while holding a transaction open.
+	 *
+	 * For a full fsync we wait for the ordered extents to complete while
+	 * for a fast fsync we wait just for writeback to complete, and then
+	 * attach the ordered extents to the transaction so that a transaction
+	 * commit waits for their completion, to avoid data loss if we fsync,
+	 * the current transaction commits before the ordered extents complete
+	 * and a power failure happens right after that.
+	 *
+	 * For zoned filesystem, if a write IO uses a ZONE_APPEND command, the
+	 * logical address recorded in the ordered extent may change. We need
+	 * to wait for the IO to stabilize the logical address.
+	 */
+	if (full_sync || btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info)) {
+		ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, start, len);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Get our ordered extents as soon as possible to avoid doing
+		 * checksum lookups in the csum tree, and use instead the
+		 * checksums attached to the ordered extents.
+		 */
+		btrfs_get_ordered_extents_for_logging(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						      &ctx.ordered_extents);
+		ret = filemap_fdatawait_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);
+	}
+
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_release_extents;
+
+	atomic_inc(&root->log_batch);
+
+	smp_mb();
+	if (skip_inode_logging(&ctx)) {
+		/*
+		 * We've had everything committed since the last time we were
+		 * modified so clear this flag in case it was set for whatever
+		 * reason, it's no longer relevant.
+		 */
+		clear_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NEEDS_FULL_SYNC,
+			  &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);
+		/*
+		 * An ordered extent might have started before and completed
+		 * already with io errors, in which case the inode was not
+		 * updated and we end up here. So check the inode's mapping
+		 * for any errors that might have happened since we last
+		 * checked called fsync.
+		 */
+		ret = filemap_check_wb_err(inode->i_mapping, file->f_wb_err);
+		goto out_release_extents;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We use start here because we will need to wait on the IO to complete
+	 * in btrfs_sync_log, which could require joining a transaction (for
+	 * example checking cross references in the nocow path).  If we use join
+	 * here we could get into a situation where we're waiting on IO to
+	 * happen that is blocked on a transaction trying to commit.  With start
+	 * we inc the extwriter counter, so we wait for all extwriters to exit
+	 * before we start blocking joiners.  This comment is to keep somebody
+	 * from thinking they are super smart and changing this to
+	 * btrfs_join_transaction *cough*Josef*cough*.
+	 */
+	trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
+		goto out_release_extents;
+	}
+	trans->in_fsync = true;
+
+	ret = btrfs_log_dentry_safe(trans, dentry, &ctx);
+	btrfs_release_log_ctx_extents(&ctx);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		/* Fallthrough and commit/free transaction. */
+		ret = BTRFS_LOG_FORCE_COMMIT;
+	}
+
+	/* we've logged all the items and now have a consistent
+	 * version of the file in the log.  It is possible that
+	 * someone will come in and modify the file, but that's
+	 * fine because the log is consistent on disk, and we
+	 * have references to all of the file's extents
+	 *
+	 * It is possible that someone will come in and log the
+	 * file again, but that will end up using the synchronization
+	 * inside btrfs_sync_log to keep things safe.
+	 */
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+
+	if (ret == BTRFS_NO_LOG_SYNC) {
+		ret = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* We successfully logged the inode, attempt to sync the log. */
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = btrfs_sync_log(trans, root, &ctx);
+		if (!ret) {
+			ret = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point we need to commit the transaction because we had
+	 * btrfs_need_log_full_commit() or some other error.
+	 *
+	 * If we didn't do a full sync we have to stop the trans handle, wait on
+	 * the ordered extents, start it again and commit the transaction.  If
+	 * we attempt to wait on the ordered extents here we could deadlock with
+	 * something like fallocate() that is holding the extent lock trying to
+	 * start a transaction while some other thread is trying to commit the
+	 * transaction while we (fsync) are currently holding the transaction
+	 * open.
+	 */
+	if (!full_sync) {
+		ret = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, start, len);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		/*
+		 * This is safe to use here because we're only interested in
+		 * making sure the transaction that had the ordered extents is
+		 * committed.  We aren't waiting on anything past this point,
+		 * we're purely getting the transaction and committing it.
+		 */
+		trans = btrfs_attach_transaction_barrier(root);
+		if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
+
+			/*
+			 * We committed the transaction and there's no currently
+			 * running transaction, this means everything we care
+			 * about made it to disk and we are done.
+			 */
+			if (ret == -ENOENT)
+				ret = 0;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = btrfs_commit_transaction(trans);
+out:
+	ASSERT(list_empty(&ctx.list));
+	ASSERT(list_empty(&ctx.conflict_inodes));
+	err = file_check_and_advance_wb_err(file);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = err;
+	return ret > 0 ? -EIO : ret;
+
+out_release_extents:
+	btrfs_release_log_ctx_extents(&ctx);
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct btrfs_file_vm_ops = {
+	.fault		= filemap_fault,
+	.map_pages	= filemap_map_pages,
+	.page_mkwrite	= btrfs_page_mkwrite,
+};
+
+static int btrfs_file_mmap(struct file	*filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = filp->f_mapping;
+
+	if (!mapping->a_ops->read_folio)
+		return -ENOEXEC;
+
+	file_accessed(filp);
+	vma->vm_ops = &btrfs_file_vm_ops;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int hole_mergeable(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct extent_buffer *leaf,
+			  int slot, u64 start, u64 end)
+{
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+
+	if (slot < 0 || slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf))
+		return 0;
+
+	btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, slot);
+	if (key.objectid != btrfs_ino(inode) ||
+	    key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
+		return 0;
+
+	fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, slot, struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+
+	if (btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi) != BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, fi))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (key.offset == end)
+		return 1;
+	if (key.offset + btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi) == start)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fill_holes(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+		struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+		struct btrfs_path *path, u64 offset, u64 end)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct extent_buffer *leaf;
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
+	struct extent_map *hole_em;
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, NO_HOLES))
+		goto out;
+
+	key.objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
+	key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
+	key.offset = offset;
+
+	ret = btrfs_search_slot(trans, root, &key, path, 0, 1);
+	if (ret <= 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We should have dropped this offset, so if we find it then
+		 * something has gone horribly wrong.
+		 */
+		if (ret == 0)
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	leaf = path->nodes[0];
+	if (hole_mergeable(inode, leaf, path->slots[0] - 1, offset, end)) {
+		u64 num_bytes;
+
+		path->slots[0]--;
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+				    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		num_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi) +
+			end - offset;
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, fi, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi, 0);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (hole_mergeable(inode, leaf, path->slots[0], offset, end)) {
+		u64 num_bytes;
+
+		key.offset = offset;
+		btrfs_set_item_key_safe(trans, path, &key);
+		fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+				    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		num_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi) + end -
+			offset;
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, fi, num_bytes);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi, 0);
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi, trans->transid);
+		btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	btrfs_release_path(path);
+
+	ret = btrfs_insert_hole_extent(trans, root, btrfs_ino(inode), offset,
+				       end - offset);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+out:
+	btrfs_release_path(path);
+
+	hole_em = alloc_extent_map();
+	if (!hole_em) {
+		btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, offset, end - 1, false);
+		btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);
+	} else {
+		hole_em->start = offset;
+		hole_em->len = end - offset;
+		hole_em->ram_bytes = hole_em->len;
+		hole_em->orig_start = offset;
+
+		hole_em->block_start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
+		hole_em->block_len = 0;
+		hole_em->orig_block_len = 0;
+		hole_em->compress_type = BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE;
+		hole_em->generation = trans->transid;
+
+		ret = btrfs_replace_extent_map_range(inode, hole_em, true);
+		free_extent_map(hole_em);
+		if (ret)
+			btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find a hole extent on given inode and change start/len to the end of hole
+ * extent.(hole/vacuum extent whose em->start <= start &&
+ *	   em->start + em->len > start)
+ * When a hole extent is found, return 1 and modify start/len.
+ */
+static int find_first_non_hole(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 *start, u64 *len)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	em = btrfs_get_extent(inode, NULL, 0,
+			      round_down(*start, fs_info->sectorsize),
+			      round_up(*len, fs_info->sectorsize));
+	if (IS_ERR(em))
+		return PTR_ERR(em);
+
+	/* Hole or vacuum extent(only exists in no-hole mode) */
+	if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE) {
+		ret = 1;
+		*len = em->start + em->len > *start + *len ?
+		       0 : *start + *len - em->start - em->len;
+		*start = em->start + em->len;
+	}
+	free_extent_map(em);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void btrfs_punch_hole_lock_range(struct inode *inode,
+					const u64 lockstart,
+					const u64 lockend,
+					struct extent_state **cached_state)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For subpage case, if the range is not at page boundary, we could
+	 * have pages at the leading/tailing part of the range.
+	 * This could lead to dead loop since filemap_range_has_page()
+	 * will always return true.
+	 * So here we need to do extra page alignment for
+	 * filemap_range_has_page().
+	 */
+	const u64 page_lockstart = round_up(lockstart, PAGE_SIZE);
+	const u64 page_lockend = round_down(lockend + 1, PAGE_SIZE) - 1;
+
+	while (1) {
+		truncate_pagecache_range(inode, lockstart, lockend);
+
+		lock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
+			    cached_state);
+		/*
+		 * We can't have ordered extents in the range, nor dirty/writeback
+		 * pages, because we have locked the inode's VFS lock in exclusive
+		 * mode, we have locked the inode's i_mmap_lock in exclusive mode,
+		 * we have flushed all delalloc in the range and we have waited
+		 * for any ordered extents in the range to complete.
+		 * We can race with anyone reading pages from this range, so after
+		 * locking the range check if we have pages in the range, and if
+		 * we do, unlock the range and retry.
+		 */
+		if (!filemap_range_has_page(inode->i_mapping, page_lockstart,
+					    page_lockend))
+			break;
+
+		unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
+			      cached_state);
+	}
+
+	btrfs_assert_inode_range_clean(BTRFS_I(inode), lockstart, lockend);
+}
+
+static int btrfs_insert_replace_extent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+				     struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+				     struct btrfs_path *path,
+				     struct btrfs_replace_extent_info *extent_info,
+				     const u64 replace_len,
+				     const u64 bytes_to_drop)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct btrfs_file_extent_item *extent;
+	struct extent_buffer *leaf;
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	int slot;
+	struct btrfs_ref ref = { 0 };
+	int ret;
+
+	if (replace_len == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (extent_info->disk_offset == 0 &&
+	    btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, NO_HOLES)) {
+		btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, 0, bytes_to_drop);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	key.objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
+	key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
+	key.offset = extent_info->file_offset;
+	ret = btrfs_insert_empty_item(trans, root, path, &key,
+				      sizeof(struct btrfs_file_extent_item));
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	leaf = path->nodes[0];
+	slot = path->slots[0];
+	write_extent_buffer(leaf, extent_info->extent_buf,
+			    btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, slot),
+			    sizeof(struct btrfs_file_extent_item));
+	extent = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, slot, struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+	ASSERT(btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, extent) != BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE);
+	btrfs_set_file_extent_offset(leaf, extent, extent_info->data_offset);
+	btrfs_set_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, extent, replace_len);
+	if (extent_info->is_new_extent)
+		btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, extent, trans->transid);
+	btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
+	btrfs_release_path(path);
+
+	ret = btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(inode, extent_info->file_offset,
+						replace_len);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* If it's a hole, nothing more needs to be done. */
+	if (extent_info->disk_offset == 0) {
+		btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, 0, bytes_to_drop);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, replace_len, bytes_to_drop);
+
+	if (extent_info->is_new_extent && extent_info->insertions == 0) {
+		key.objectid = extent_info->disk_offset;
+		key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY;
+		key.offset = extent_info->disk_len;
+		ret = btrfs_alloc_reserved_file_extent(trans, root,
+						       btrfs_ino(inode),
+						       extent_info->file_offset,
+						       extent_info->qgroup_reserved,
+						       &key);
+	} else {
+		u64 ref_offset;
+
+		btrfs_init_generic_ref(&ref, BTRFS_ADD_DELAYED_REF,
+				       extent_info->disk_offset,
+				       extent_info->disk_len, 0);
+		ref_offset = extent_info->file_offset - extent_info->data_offset;
+		btrfs_init_data_ref(&ref, root->root_key.objectid,
+				    btrfs_ino(inode), ref_offset, 0, false);
+		ret = btrfs_inc_extent_ref(trans, &ref);
+	}
+
+	extent_info->insertions++;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The respective range must have been previously locked, as well as the inode.
+ * The end offset is inclusive (last byte of the range).
+ * @extent_info is NULL for fallocate's hole punching and non-NULL when replacing
+ * the file range with an extent.
+ * When not punching a hole, we don't want to end up in a state where we dropped
+ * extents without inserting a new one, so we must abort the transaction to avoid
+ * a corruption.
+ */
+int btrfs_replace_file_extents(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+			       struct btrfs_path *path, const u64 start,
+			       const u64 end,
+			       struct btrfs_replace_extent_info *extent_info,
+			       struct btrfs_trans_handle **trans_out)
+{
+	struct btrfs_drop_extents_args drop_args = { 0 };
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
+	u64 min_size = btrfs_calc_insert_metadata_size(fs_info, 1);
+	u64 ino_size = round_up(inode->vfs_inode.i_size, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans = NULL;
+	struct btrfs_block_rsv *rsv;
+	unsigned int rsv_count;
+	u64 cur_offset;
+	u64 len = end - start;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (end <= start)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	rsv = btrfs_alloc_block_rsv(fs_info, BTRFS_BLOCK_RSV_TEMP);
+	if (!rsv) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	rsv->size = btrfs_calc_insert_metadata_size(fs_info, 1);
+	rsv->failfast = true;
+
+	/*
+	 * 1 - update the inode
+	 * 1 - removing the extents in the range
+	 * 1 - adding the hole extent if no_holes isn't set or if we are
+	 *     replacing the range with a new extent
+	 */
+	if (!btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, NO_HOLES) || extent_info)
+		rsv_count = 3;
+	else
+		rsv_count = 2;
+
+	trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, rsv_count);
+	if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
+		trans = NULL;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	ret = btrfs_block_rsv_migrate(&fs_info->trans_block_rsv, rsv,
+				      min_size, false);
+	if (WARN_ON(ret))
+		goto out_trans;
+	trans->block_rsv = rsv;
+
+	cur_offset = start;
+	drop_args.path = path;
+	drop_args.end = end + 1;
+	drop_args.drop_cache = true;
+	while (cur_offset < end) {
+		drop_args.start = cur_offset;
+		ret = btrfs_drop_extents(trans, root, inode, &drop_args);
+		/* If we are punching a hole decrement the inode's byte count */
+		if (!extent_info)
+			btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, 0,
+						 drop_args.bytes_found);
+		if (ret != -ENOSPC) {
+			/*
+			 * The only time we don't want to abort is if we are
+			 * attempting to clone a partial inline extent, in which
+			 * case we'll get EOPNOTSUPP.  However if we aren't
+			 * clone we need to abort no matter what, because if we
+			 * got EOPNOTSUPP via prealloc then we messed up and
+			 * need to abort.
+			 */
+			if (ret &&
+			    (ret != -EOPNOTSUPP ||
+			     (extent_info && extent_info->is_new_extent)))
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
+
+		if (!extent_info && cur_offset < drop_args.drop_end &&
+		    cur_offset < ino_size) {
+			ret = fill_holes(trans, inode, path, cur_offset,
+					 drop_args.drop_end);
+			if (ret) {
+				/*
+				 * If we failed then we didn't insert our hole
+				 * entries for the area we dropped, so now the
+				 * fs is corrupted, so we must abort the
+				 * transaction.
+				 */
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+				break;
+			}
+		} else if (!extent_info && cur_offset < drop_args.drop_end) {
+			/*
+			 * We are past the i_size here, but since we didn't
+			 * insert holes we need to clear the mapped area so we
+			 * know to not set disk_i_size in this area until a new
+			 * file extent is inserted here.
+			 */
+			ret = btrfs_inode_clear_file_extent_range(inode,
+					cur_offset,
+					drop_args.drop_end - cur_offset);
+			if (ret) {
+				/*
+				 * We couldn't clear our area, so we could
+				 * presumably adjust up and corrupt the fs, so
+				 * we need to abort.
+				 */
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (extent_info &&
+		    drop_args.drop_end > extent_info->file_offset) {
+			u64 replace_len = drop_args.drop_end -
+					  extent_info->file_offset;
+
+			ret = btrfs_insert_replace_extent(trans, inode,	path,
+					extent_info, replace_len,
+					drop_args.bytes_found);
+			if (ret) {
+				btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+				break;
+			}
+			extent_info->data_len -= replace_len;
+			extent_info->data_offset += replace_len;
+			extent_info->file_offset += replace_len;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We are releasing our handle on the transaction, balance the
+		 * dirty pages of the btree inode and flush delayed items, and
+		 * then get a new transaction handle, which may now point to a
+		 * new transaction in case someone else may have committed the
+		 * transaction we used to replace/drop file extent items. So
+		 * bump the inode's iversion and update mtime and ctime except
+		 * if we are called from a dedupe context. This is because a
+		 * power failure/crash may happen after the transaction is
+		 * committed and before we finish replacing/dropping all the
+		 * file extent items we need.
+		 */
+		inode_inc_iversion(&inode->vfs_inode);
+
+		if (!extent_info || extent_info->update_times)
+			inode->vfs_inode.i_mtime = inode_set_ctime_current(&inode->vfs_inode);
+
+		ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, root, inode);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+
+		btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+		btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
+
+		trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, rsv_count);
+		if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
+			trans = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ret = btrfs_block_rsv_migrate(&fs_info->trans_block_rsv,
+					      rsv, min_size, false);
+		if (WARN_ON(ret))
+			break;
+		trans->block_rsv = rsv;
+
+		cur_offset = drop_args.drop_end;
+		len = end - cur_offset;
+		if (!extent_info && len) {
+			ret = find_first_non_hole(inode, &cur_offset, &len);
+			if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+				break;
+			if (ret && !len) {
+				ret = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we were cloning, force the next fsync to be a full one since we
+	 * we replaced (or just dropped in the case of cloning holes when
+	 * NO_HOLES is enabled) file extent items and did not setup new extent
+	 * maps for the replacement extents (or holes).
+	 */
+	if (extent_info && !extent_info->is_new_extent)
+		btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);
+
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_trans;
+
+	trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
+	/*
+	 * If we are using the NO_HOLES feature we might have had already an
+	 * hole that overlaps a part of the region [lockstart, lockend] and
+	 * ends at (or beyond) lockend. Since we have no file extent items to
+	 * represent holes, drop_end can be less than lockend and so we must
+	 * make sure we have an extent map representing the existing hole (the
+	 * call to __btrfs_drop_extents() might have dropped the existing extent
+	 * map representing the existing hole), otherwise the fast fsync path
+	 * will not record the existence of the hole region
+	 * [existing_hole_start, lockend].
+	 */
+	if (drop_args.drop_end <= end)
+		drop_args.drop_end = end + 1;
+	/*
+	 * Don't insert file hole extent item if it's for a range beyond eof
+	 * (because it's useless) or if it represents a 0 bytes range (when
+	 * cur_offset == drop_end).
+	 */
+	if (!extent_info && cur_offset < ino_size &&
+	    cur_offset < drop_args.drop_end) {
+		ret = fill_holes(trans, inode, path, cur_offset,
+				 drop_args.drop_end);
+		if (ret) {
+			/* Same comment as above. */
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out_trans;
+		}
+	} else if (!extent_info && cur_offset < drop_args.drop_end) {
+		/* See the comment in the loop above for the reasoning here. */
+		ret = btrfs_inode_clear_file_extent_range(inode, cur_offset,
+					drop_args.drop_end - cur_offset);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out_trans;
+		}
+
+	}
+	if (extent_info) {
+		ret = btrfs_insert_replace_extent(trans, inode, path,
+				extent_info, extent_info->data_len,
+				drop_args.bytes_found);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
+			goto out_trans;
+		}
+	}
+
+out_trans:
+	if (!trans)
+		goto out_free;
+
+	trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
+	if (ret)
+		btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+	else
+		*trans_out = trans;
+out_free:
+	btrfs_free_block_rsv(fs_info, rsv);
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_punch_hole(struct file *file, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
+	struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+	struct btrfs_path *path;
+	struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans = NULL;
+	u64 lockstart;
+	u64 lockend;
+	u64 tail_start;
+	u64 tail_len;
+	u64 orig_start = offset;
+	int ret = 0;
+	bool same_block;
+	u64 ino_size;
+	bool truncated_block = false;
+	bool updated_inode = false;
+
+	btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+
+	ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, offset, len);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+
+	ino_size = round_up(inode->i_size, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	ret = find_first_non_hole(BTRFS_I(inode), &offset, &len);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+	if (ret && !len) {
+		/* Already in a large hole */
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+	}
+
+	ret = file_modified(file);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+
+	lockstart = round_up(offset, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	lockend = round_down(offset + len, fs_info->sectorsize) - 1;
+	same_block = (BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, offset))
+		== (BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, offset + len - 1));
+	/*
+	 * We needn't truncate any block which is beyond the end of the file
+	 * because we are sure there is no data there.
+	 */
+	/*
+	 * Only do this if we are in the same block and we aren't doing the
+	 * entire block.
+	 */
+	if (same_block && len < fs_info->sectorsize) {
+		if (offset < ino_size) {
+			truncated_block = true;
+			ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), offset, len,
+						   0);
+		} else {
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+	}
+
+	/* zero back part of the first block */
+	if (offset < ino_size) {
+		truncated_block = true;
+		ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), offset, 0, 0);
+		if (ret) {
+			btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check the aligned pages after the first unaligned page,
+	 * if offset != orig_start, which means the first unaligned page
+	 * including several following pages are already in holes,
+	 * the extra check can be skipped */
+	if (offset == orig_start) {
+		/* after truncate page, check hole again */
+		len = offset + len - lockstart;
+		offset = lockstart;
+		ret = find_first_non_hole(BTRFS_I(inode), &offset, &len);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out_only_mutex;
+		if (ret && !len) {
+			ret = 0;
+			goto out_only_mutex;
+		}
+		lockstart = offset;
+	}
+
+	/* Check the tail unaligned part is in a hole */
+	tail_start = lockend + 1;
+	tail_len = offset + len - tail_start;
+	if (tail_len) {
+		ret = find_first_non_hole(BTRFS_I(inode), &tail_start, &tail_len);
+		if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+			goto out_only_mutex;
+		if (!ret) {
+			/* zero the front end of the last page */
+			if (tail_start + tail_len < ino_size) {
+				truncated_block = true;
+				ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode),
+							tail_start + tail_len,
+							0, 1);
+				if (ret)
+					goto out_only_mutex;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (lockend < lockstart) {
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out_only_mutex;
+	}
+
+	btrfs_punch_hole_lock_range(inode, lockstart, lockend, &cached_state);
+
+	path = btrfs_alloc_path();
+	if (!path) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = btrfs_replace_file_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), path, lockstart,
+					 lockend, NULL, &trans);
+	btrfs_free_path(path);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ASSERT(trans != NULL);
+	inode_inc_iversion(inode);
+	inode->i_mtime = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, root, BTRFS_I(inode));
+	updated_inode = true;
+	btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+	btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
+out:
+	unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
+		      &cached_state);
+out_only_mutex:
+	if (!updated_inode && truncated_block && !ret) {
+		/*
+		 * If we only end up zeroing part of a page, we still need to
+		 * update the inode item, so that all the time fields are
+		 * updated as well as the necessary btrfs inode in memory fields
+		 * for detecting, at fsync time, if the inode isn't yet in the
+		 * log tree or it's there but not up to date.
+		 */
+		struct timespec64 now = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+
+		inode_inc_iversion(inode);
+		inode->i_mtime = now;
+		trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
+		if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
+		} else {
+			int ret2;
+
+			ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, root, BTRFS_I(inode));
+			ret2 = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+			if (!ret)
+				ret = ret2;
+		}
+	}
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Helper structure to record which range is already reserved */
+struct falloc_range {
+	struct list_head list;
+	u64 start;
+	u64 len;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Helper function to add falloc range
+ *
+ * Caller should have locked the larger range of extent containing
+ * [start, len)
+ */
+static int add_falloc_range(struct list_head *head, u64 start, u64 len)
+{
+	struct falloc_range *range = NULL;
+
+	if (!list_empty(head)) {
+		/*
+		 * As fallocate iterates by bytenr order, we only need to check
+		 * the last range.
+		 */
+		range = list_last_entry(head, struct falloc_range, list);
+		if (range->start + range->len == start) {
+			range->len += len;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	range = kmalloc(sizeof(*range), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!range)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	range->start = start;
+	range->len = len;
+	list_add_tail(&range->list, head);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(struct inode *inode,
+					const u64 end,
+					const int mode)
+{
+	struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
+	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
+	int ret;
+	int ret2;
+
+	if (mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE || end <= i_size_read(inode))
+		return 0;
+
+	trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
+	if (IS_ERR(trans))
+		return PTR_ERR(trans);
+
+	inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	i_size_write(inode, end);
+	btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
+	ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, root, BTRFS_I(inode));
+	ret2 = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
+
+	return ret ? ret : ret2;
+}
+
+enum {
+	RANGE_BOUNDARY_WRITTEN_EXTENT,
+	RANGE_BOUNDARY_PREALLOC_EXTENT,
+	RANGE_BOUNDARY_HOLE,
+};
+
+static int btrfs_zero_range_check_range_boundary(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
+						 u64 offset)
+{
+	const u64 sectorsize = inode->root->fs_info->sectorsize;
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	int ret;
+
+	offset = round_down(offset, sectorsize);
+	em = btrfs_get_extent(inode, NULL, 0, offset, sectorsize);
+	if (IS_ERR(em))
+		return PTR_ERR(em);
+
+	if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE)
+		ret = RANGE_BOUNDARY_HOLE;
+	else if (test_bit(EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC, &em->flags))
+		ret = RANGE_BOUNDARY_PREALLOC_EXTENT;
+	else
+		ret = RANGE_BOUNDARY_WRITTEN_EXTENT;
+
+	free_extent_map(em);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_zero_range(struct inode *inode,
+			    loff_t offset,
+			    loff_t len,
+			    const int mode)
+{
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info;
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	u64 alloc_hint = 0;
+	const u64 sectorsize = fs_info->sectorsize;
+	u64 alloc_start = round_down(offset, sectorsize);
+	u64 alloc_end = round_up(offset + len, sectorsize);
+	u64 bytes_to_reserve = 0;
+	bool space_reserved = false;
+
+	em = btrfs_get_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, 0, alloc_start,
+			      alloc_end - alloc_start);
+	if (IS_ERR(em)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(em);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Avoid hole punching and extent allocation for some cases. More cases
+	 * could be considered, but these are unlikely common and we keep things
+	 * as simple as possible for now. Also, intentionally, if the target
+	 * range contains one or more prealloc extents together with regular
+	 * extents and holes, we drop all the existing extents and allocate a
+	 * new prealloc extent, so that we get a larger contiguous disk extent.
+	 */
+	if (em->start <= alloc_start &&
+	    test_bit(EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC, &em->flags)) {
+		const u64 em_end = em->start + em->len;
+
+		if (em_end >= offset + len) {
+			/*
+			 * The whole range is already a prealloc extent,
+			 * do nothing except updating the inode's i_size if
+			 * needed.
+			 */
+			free_extent_map(em);
+			ret = btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(inode, offset + len,
+							   mode);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Part of the range is already a prealloc extent, so operate
+		 * only on the remaining part of the range.
+		 */
+		alloc_start = em_end;
+		ASSERT(IS_ALIGNED(alloc_start, sectorsize));
+		len = offset + len - alloc_start;
+		offset = alloc_start;
+		alloc_hint = em->block_start + em->len;
+	}
+	free_extent_map(em);
+
+	if (BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, offset) ==
+	    BTRFS_BYTES_TO_BLKS(fs_info, offset + len - 1)) {
+		em = btrfs_get_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, 0, alloc_start,
+				      sectorsize);
+		if (IS_ERR(em)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(em);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (test_bit(EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC, &em->flags)) {
+			free_extent_map(em);
+			ret = btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(inode, offset + len,
+							   mode);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (len < sectorsize && em->block_start != EXTENT_MAP_HOLE) {
+			free_extent_map(em);
+			ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), offset, len,
+						   0);
+			if (!ret)
+				ret = btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(inode,
+								   offset + len,
+								   mode);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		free_extent_map(em);
+		alloc_start = round_down(offset, sectorsize);
+		alloc_end = alloc_start + sectorsize;
+		goto reserve_space;
+	}
+
+	alloc_start = round_up(offset, sectorsize);
+	alloc_end = round_down(offset + len, sectorsize);
+
+	/*
+	 * For unaligned ranges, check the pages at the boundaries, they might
+	 * map to an extent, in which case we need to partially zero them, or
+	 * they might map to a hole, in which case we need our allocation range
+	 * to cover them.
+	 */
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(offset, sectorsize)) {
+		ret = btrfs_zero_range_check_range_boundary(BTRFS_I(inode),
+							    offset);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+		if (ret == RANGE_BOUNDARY_HOLE) {
+			alloc_start = round_down(offset, sectorsize);
+			ret = 0;
+		} else if (ret == RANGE_BOUNDARY_WRITTEN_EXTENT) {
+			ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), offset, 0, 0);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out;
+		} else {
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(offset + len, sectorsize)) {
+		ret = btrfs_zero_range_check_range_boundary(BTRFS_I(inode),
+							    offset + len);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+		if (ret == RANGE_BOUNDARY_HOLE) {
+			alloc_end = round_up(offset + len, sectorsize);
+			ret = 0;
+		} else if (ret == RANGE_BOUNDARY_WRITTEN_EXTENT) {
+			ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), offset + len,
+						   0, 1);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out;
+		} else {
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+reserve_space:
+	if (alloc_start < alloc_end) {
+		struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+		const u64 lockstart = alloc_start;
+		const u64 lockend = alloc_end - 1;
+
+		bytes_to_reserve = alloc_end - alloc_start;
+		ret = btrfs_alloc_data_chunk_ondemand(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						      bytes_to_reserve);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto out;
+		space_reserved = true;
+		btrfs_punch_hole_lock_range(inode, lockstart, lockend,
+					    &cached_state);
+		ret = btrfs_qgroup_reserve_data(BTRFS_I(inode), &data_reserved,
+						alloc_start, bytes_to_reserve);
+		if (ret) {
+			unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart,
+				      lockend, &cached_state);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ret = btrfs_prealloc_file_range(inode, mode, alloc_start,
+						alloc_end - alloc_start,
+						i_blocksize(inode),
+						offset + len, &alloc_hint);
+		unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
+			      &cached_state);
+		/* btrfs_prealloc_file_range releases reserved space on error */
+		if (ret) {
+			space_reserved = false;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(inode, offset + len, mode);
+ out:
+	if (ret && space_reserved)
+		btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode), data_reserved,
+					       alloc_start, bytes_to_reserve);
+	extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static long btrfs_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode,
+			    loff_t offset, loff_t len)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+	struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
+	struct falloc_range *range;
+	struct falloc_range *tmp;
+	LIST_HEAD(reserve_list);
+	u64 cur_offset;
+	u64 last_byte;
+	u64 alloc_start;
+	u64 alloc_end;
+	u64 alloc_hint = 0;
+	u64 locked_end;
+	u64 actual_end = 0;
+	u64 data_space_needed = 0;
+	u64 data_space_reserved = 0;
+	u64 qgroup_reserved = 0;
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	int blocksize = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info->sectorsize;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Do not allow fallocate in ZONED mode */
+	if (btrfs_is_zoned(btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	alloc_start = round_down(offset, blocksize);
+	alloc_end = round_up(offset + len, blocksize);
+	cur_offset = alloc_start;
+
+	/* Make sure we aren't being give some crap mode */
+	if (mode & ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |
+		     FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE)
+		return btrfs_punch_hole(file, offset, len);
+
+	btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+
+	if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) && offset + len > inode->i_size) {
+		ret = inode_newsize_ok(inode, offset + len);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = file_modified(file);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: Move these two operations after we have checked
+	 * accurate reserved space, or fallocate can still fail but
+	 * with page truncated or size expanded.
+	 *
+	 * But that's a minor problem and won't do much harm BTW.
+	 */
+	if (alloc_start > inode->i_size) {
+		ret = btrfs_cont_expand(BTRFS_I(inode), i_size_read(inode),
+					alloc_start);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	} else if (offset + len > inode->i_size) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are fallocating from the end of the file onward we
+		 * need to zero out the end of the block if i_size lands in the
+		 * middle of a block.
+		 */
+		ret = btrfs_truncate_block(BTRFS_I(inode), inode->i_size, 0, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We have locked the inode at the VFS level (in exclusive mode) and we
+	 * have locked the i_mmap_lock lock (in exclusive mode). Now before
+	 * locking the file range, flush all dealloc in the range and wait for
+	 * all ordered extents in the range to complete. After this we can lock
+	 * the file range and, due to the previous locking we did, we know there
+	 * can't be more delalloc or ordered extents in the range.
+	 */
+	ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, alloc_start,
+				       alloc_end - alloc_start);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (mode & FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE) {
+		ret = btrfs_zero_range(inode, offset, len, mode);
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	locked_end = alloc_end - 1;
+	lock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, alloc_start, locked_end,
+		    &cached_state);
+
+	btrfs_assert_inode_range_clean(BTRFS_I(inode), alloc_start, locked_end);
+
+	/* First, check if we exceed the qgroup limit */
+	while (cur_offset < alloc_end) {
+		em = btrfs_get_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, 0, cur_offset,
+				      alloc_end - cur_offset);
+		if (IS_ERR(em)) {
+			ret = PTR_ERR(em);
+			break;
+		}
+		last_byte = min(extent_map_end(em), alloc_end);
+		actual_end = min_t(u64, extent_map_end(em), offset + len);
+		last_byte = ALIGN(last_byte, blocksize);
+		if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE ||
+		    (cur_offset >= inode->i_size &&
+		     !test_bit(EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC, &em->flags))) {
+			const u64 range_len = last_byte - cur_offset;
+
+			ret = add_falloc_range(&reserve_list, cur_offset, range_len);
+			if (ret < 0) {
+				free_extent_map(em);
+				break;
+			}
+			ret = btrfs_qgroup_reserve_data(BTRFS_I(inode),
+					&data_reserved, cur_offset, range_len);
+			if (ret < 0) {
+				free_extent_map(em);
+				break;
+			}
+			qgroup_reserved += range_len;
+			data_space_needed += range_len;
+		}
+		free_extent_map(em);
+		cur_offset = last_byte;
+	}
+
+	if (!ret && data_space_needed > 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We are safe to reserve space here as we can't have delalloc
+		 * in the range, see above.
+		 */
+		ret = btrfs_alloc_data_chunk_ondemand(BTRFS_I(inode),
+						      data_space_needed);
+		if (!ret)
+			data_space_reserved = data_space_needed;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If ret is still 0, means we're OK to fallocate.
+	 * Or just cleanup the list and exit.
+	 */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(range, tmp, &reserve_list, list) {
+		if (!ret) {
+			ret = btrfs_prealloc_file_range(inode, mode,
+					range->start,
+					range->len, i_blocksize(inode),
+					offset + len, &alloc_hint);
+			/*
+			 * btrfs_prealloc_file_range() releases space even
+			 * if it returns an error.
+			 */
+			data_space_reserved -= range->len;
+			qgroup_reserved -= range->len;
+		} else if (data_space_reserved > 0) {
+			btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
+					       data_reserved, range->start,
+					       range->len);
+			data_space_reserved -= range->len;
+			qgroup_reserved -= range->len;
+		} else if (qgroup_reserved > 0) {
+			btrfs_qgroup_free_data(BTRFS_I(inode), data_reserved,
+					       range->start, range->len, NULL);
+			qgroup_reserved -= range->len;
+		}
+		list_del(&range->list);
+		kfree(range);
+	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	/*
+	 * We didn't need to allocate any more space, but we still extended the
+	 * size of the file so we need to update i_size and the inode item.
+	 */
+	ret = btrfs_fallocate_update_isize(inode, actual_end, mode);
+out_unlock:
+	unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, alloc_start, locked_end,
+		      &cached_state);
+out:
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP);
+	extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for btrfs_find_delalloc_in_range(). Find a subrange in a given range
+ * that has unflushed and/or flushing delalloc. There might be other adjacent
+ * subranges after the one it found, so btrfs_find_delalloc_in_range() keeps
+ * looping while it gets adjacent subranges, and merging them together.
+ */
+static bool find_delalloc_subrange(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end,
+				   struct extent_state **cached_state,
+				   bool *search_io_tree,
+				   u64 *delalloc_start_ret, u64 *delalloc_end_ret)
+{
+	u64 len = end + 1 - start;
+	u64 delalloc_len = 0;
+	struct btrfs_ordered_extent *oe;
+	u64 oe_start;
+	u64 oe_end;
+
+	/*
+	 * Search the io tree first for EXTENT_DELALLOC. If we find any, it
+	 * means we have delalloc (dirty pages) for which writeback has not
+	 * started yet.
+	 */
+	if (*search_io_tree) {
+		spin_lock(&inode->lock);
+		if (inode->delalloc_bytes > 0) {
+			spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
+			*delalloc_start_ret = start;
+			delalloc_len = count_range_bits(&inode->io_tree,
+							delalloc_start_ret, end,
+							len, EXTENT_DELALLOC, 1,
+							cached_state);
+		} else {
+			spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (delalloc_len > 0) {
+		/*
+		 * If delalloc was found then *delalloc_start_ret has a sector size
+		 * aligned value (rounded down).
+		 */
+		*delalloc_end_ret = *delalloc_start_ret + delalloc_len - 1;
+
+		if (*delalloc_start_ret == start) {
+			/* Delalloc for the whole range, nothing more to do. */
+			if (*delalloc_end_ret == end)
+				return true;
+			/* Else trim our search range for ordered extents. */
+			start = *delalloc_end_ret + 1;
+			len = end + 1 - start;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* No delalloc, future calls don't need to search again. */
+		*search_io_tree = false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now also check if there's any ordered extent in the range.
+	 * We do this because:
+	 *
+	 * 1) When delalloc is flushed, the file range is locked, we clear the
+	 *    EXTENT_DELALLOC bit from the io tree and create an extent map and
+	 *    an ordered extent for the write. So we might just have been called
+	 *    after delalloc is flushed and before the ordered extent completes
+	 *    and inserts the new file extent item in the subvolume's btree;
+	 *
+	 * 2) We may have an ordered extent created by flushing delalloc for a
+	 *    subrange that starts before the subrange we found marked with
+	 *    EXTENT_DELALLOC in the io tree.
+	 *
+	 * We could also use the extent map tree to find such delalloc that is
+	 * being flushed, but using the ordered extents tree is more efficient
+	 * because it's usually much smaller as ordered extents are removed from
+	 * the tree once they complete. With the extent maps, we mau have them
+	 * in the extent map tree for a very long time, and they were either
+	 * created by previous writes or loaded by read operations.
+	 */
+	oe = btrfs_lookup_first_ordered_range(inode, start, len);
+	if (!oe)
+		return (delalloc_len > 0);
+
+	/* The ordered extent may span beyond our search range. */
+	oe_start = max(oe->file_offset, start);
+	oe_end = min(oe->file_offset + oe->num_bytes - 1, end);
+
+	btrfs_put_ordered_extent(oe);
+
+	/* Don't have unflushed delalloc, return the ordered extent range. */
+	if (delalloc_len == 0) {
+		*delalloc_start_ret = oe_start;
+		*delalloc_end_ret = oe_end;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We have both unflushed delalloc (io_tree) and an ordered extent.
+	 * If the ranges are adjacent returned a combined range, otherwise
+	 * return the leftmost range.
+	 */
+	if (oe_start < *delalloc_start_ret) {
+		if (oe_end < *delalloc_start_ret)
+			*delalloc_end_ret = oe_end;
+		*delalloc_start_ret = oe_start;
+	} else if (*delalloc_end_ret + 1 == oe_start) {
+		*delalloc_end_ret = oe_end;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if there's delalloc in a given range.
+ *
+ * @inode:               The inode.
+ * @start:               The start offset of the range. It does not need to be
+ *                       sector size aligned.
+ * @end:                 The end offset (inclusive value) of the search range.
+ *                       It does not need to be sector size aligned.
+ * @cached_state:        Extent state record used for speeding up delalloc
+ *                       searches in the inode's io_tree. Can be NULL.
+ * @delalloc_start_ret:  Output argument, set to the start offset of the
+ *                       subrange found with delalloc (may not be sector size
+ *                       aligned).
+ * @delalloc_end_ret:    Output argument, set to he end offset (inclusive value)
+ *                       of the subrange found with delalloc.
+ *
+ * Returns true if a subrange with delalloc is found within the given range, and
+ * if so it sets @delalloc_start_ret and @delalloc_end_ret with the start and
+ * end offsets of the subrange.
+ */
+bool btrfs_find_delalloc_in_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end,
+				  struct extent_state **cached_state,
+				  u64 *delalloc_start_ret, u64 *delalloc_end_ret)
+{
+	u64 cur_offset = round_down(start, inode->root->fs_info->sectorsize);
+	u64 prev_delalloc_end = 0;
+	bool search_io_tree = true;
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	while (cur_offset <= end) {
+		u64 delalloc_start;
+		u64 delalloc_end;
+		bool delalloc;
+
+		delalloc = find_delalloc_subrange(inode, cur_offset, end,
+						  cached_state, &search_io_tree,
+						  &delalloc_start,
+						  &delalloc_end);
+		if (!delalloc)
+			break;
+
+		if (prev_delalloc_end == 0) {
+			/* First subrange found. */
+			*delalloc_start_ret = max(delalloc_start, start);
+			*delalloc_end_ret = delalloc_end;
+			ret = true;
+		} else if (delalloc_start == prev_delalloc_end + 1) {
+			/* Subrange adjacent to the previous one, merge them. */
+			*delalloc_end_ret = delalloc_end;
+		} else {
+			/* Subrange not adjacent to the previous one, exit. */
+			break;
+		}
+
+		prev_delalloc_end = delalloc_end;
+		cur_offset = delalloc_end + 1;
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if there's a hole or delalloc range in a range representing a hole (or
+ * prealloc extent) found in the inode's subvolume btree.
+ *
+ * @inode:      The inode.
+ * @whence:     Seek mode (SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE).
+ * @start:      Start offset of the hole region. It does not need to be sector
+ *              size aligned.
+ * @end:        End offset (inclusive value) of the hole region. It does not
+ *              need to be sector size aligned.
+ * @start_ret:  Return parameter, used to set the start of the subrange in the
+ *              hole that matches the search criteria (seek mode), if such
+ *              subrange is found (return value of the function is true).
+ *              The value returned here may not be sector size aligned.
+ *
+ * Returns true if a subrange matching the given seek mode is found, and if one
+ * is found, it updates @start_ret with the start of the subrange.
+ */
+static bool find_desired_extent_in_hole(struct btrfs_inode *inode, int whence,
+					struct extent_state **cached_state,
+					u64 start, u64 end, u64 *start_ret)
+{
+	u64 delalloc_start;
+	u64 delalloc_end;
+	bool delalloc;
+
+	delalloc = btrfs_find_delalloc_in_range(inode, start, end, cached_state,
+						&delalloc_start, &delalloc_end);
+	if (delalloc && whence == SEEK_DATA) {
+		*start_ret = delalloc_start;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (delalloc && whence == SEEK_HOLE) {
+		/*
+		 * We found delalloc but it starts after out start offset. So we
+		 * have a hole between our start offset and the delalloc start.
+		 */
+		if (start < delalloc_start) {
+			*start_ret = start;
+			return true;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Delalloc range starts at our start offset.
+		 * If the delalloc range's length is smaller than our range,
+		 * then it means we have a hole that starts where the delalloc
+		 * subrange ends.
+		 */
+		if (delalloc_end < end) {
+			*start_ret = delalloc_end + 1;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		/* There's delalloc for the whole range. */
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!delalloc && whence == SEEK_HOLE) {
+		*start_ret = start;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No delalloc in the range and we are seeking for data. The caller has
+	 * to iterate to the next extent item in the subvolume btree.
+	 */
+	return false;
+}
+
+static loff_t find_desired_extent(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file->f_mapping->host);
+	struct btrfs_file_private *private = file->private_data;
+	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
+	struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
+	struct extent_state **delalloc_cached_state;
+	const loff_t i_size = i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode);
+	const u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
+	struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
+	struct btrfs_path *path;
+	struct btrfs_key key;
+	u64 last_extent_end;
+	u64 lockstart;
+	u64 lockend;
+	u64 start;
+	int ret;
+	bool found = false;
+
+	if (i_size == 0 || offset >= i_size)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	/*
+	 * Quick path. If the inode has no prealloc extents and its number of
+	 * bytes used matches its i_size, then it can not have holes.
+	 */
+	if (whence == SEEK_HOLE &&
+	    !(inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC) &&
+	    inode_get_bytes(&inode->vfs_inode) == i_size)
+		return i_size;
+
+	if (!private) {
+		private = kzalloc(sizeof(*private), GFP_KERNEL);
+		/*
+		 * No worries if memory allocation failed.
+		 * The private structure is used only for speeding up multiple
+		 * lseek SEEK_HOLE/DATA calls to a file when there's delalloc,
+		 * so everything will still be correct.
+		 */
+		file->private_data = private;
+	}
+
+	if (private)
+		delalloc_cached_state = &private->llseek_cached_state;
+	else
+		delalloc_cached_state = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * offset can be negative, in this case we start finding DATA/HOLE from
+	 * the very start of the file.
+	 */
+	start = max_t(loff_t, 0, offset);
+
+	lockstart = round_down(start, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	lockend = round_up(i_size, fs_info->sectorsize);
+	if (lockend <= lockstart)
+		lockend = lockstart + fs_info->sectorsize;
+	lockend--;
+
+	path = btrfs_alloc_path();
+	if (!path)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	path->reada = READA_FORWARD;
+
+	key.objectid = ino;
+	key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
+	key.offset = start;
+
+	last_extent_end = lockstart;
+
+	lock_extent(&inode->io_tree, lockstart, lockend, &cached_state);
+
+	ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &key, path, 0, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		goto out;
+	} else if (ret > 0 && path->slots[0] > 0) {
+		btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], &key, path->slots[0] - 1);
+		if (key.objectid == ino && key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
+			path->slots[0]--;
+	}
+
+	while (start < i_size) {
+		struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		struct btrfs_file_extent_item *extent;
+		u64 extent_end;
+		u8 type;
+
+		if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
+			ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto out;
+			else if (ret > 0)
+				break;
+
+			leaf = path->nodes[0];
+		}
+
+		btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);
+		if (key.objectid != ino || key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
+			break;
+
+		extent_end = btrfs_file_extent_end(path);
+
+		/*
+		 * In the first iteration we may have a slot that points to an
+		 * extent that ends before our start offset, so skip it.
+		 */
+		if (extent_end <= start) {
+			path->slots[0]++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* We have an implicit hole, NO_HOLES feature is likely set. */
+		if (last_extent_end < key.offset) {
+			u64 search_start = last_extent_end;
+			u64 found_start;
+
+			/*
+			 * First iteration, @start matches @offset and it's
+			 * within the hole.
+			 */
+			if (start == offset)
+				search_start = offset;
+
+			found = find_desired_extent_in_hole(inode, whence,
+							    delalloc_cached_state,
+							    search_start,
+							    key.offset - 1,
+							    &found_start);
+			if (found) {
+				start = found_start;
+				break;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Didn't find data or a hole (due to delalloc) in the
+			 * implicit hole range, so need to analyze the extent.
+			 */
+		}
+
+		extent = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
+					struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
+		type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, extent);
+
+		/*
+		 * Can't access the extent's disk_bytenr field if this is an
+		 * inline extent, since at that offset, it's where the extent
+		 * data starts.
+		 */
+		if (type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC ||
+		    (type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG &&
+		     btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, extent) == 0)) {
+			/*
+			 * Explicit hole or prealloc extent, search for delalloc.
+			 * A prealloc extent is treated like a hole.
+			 */
+			u64 search_start = key.offset;
+			u64 found_start;
+
+			/*
+			 * First iteration, @start matches @offset and it's
+			 * within the hole.
+			 */
+			if (start == offset)
+				search_start = offset;
+
+			found = find_desired_extent_in_hole(inode, whence,
+							    delalloc_cached_state,
+							    search_start,
+							    extent_end - 1,
+							    &found_start);
+			if (found) {
+				start = found_start;
+				break;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Didn't find data or a hole (due to delalloc) in the
+			 * implicit hole range, so need to analyze the next
+			 * extent item.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Found a regular or inline extent.
+			 * If we are seeking for data, adjust the start offset
+			 * and stop, we're done.
+			 */
+			if (whence == SEEK_DATA) {
+				start = max_t(u64, key.offset, offset);
+				found = true;
+				break;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Else, we are seeking for a hole, check the next file
+			 * extent item.
+			 */
+		}
+
+		start = extent_end;
+		last_extent_end = extent_end;
+		path->slots[0]++;
+		if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
+			ret = -EINTR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	/* We have an implicit hole from the last extent found up to i_size. */
+	if (!found && start < i_size) {
+		found = find_desired_extent_in_hole(inode, whence,
+						    delalloc_cached_state, start,
+						    i_size - 1, &start);
+		if (!found)
+			start = i_size;
+	}
+
+out:
+	unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, lockstart, lockend, &cached_state);
+	btrfs_free_path(path);
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (whence == SEEK_DATA && start >= i_size)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	return min_t(loff_t, start, i_size);
+}
+
+static loff_t btrfs_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
+
+	switch (whence) {
+	default:
+		return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
+	case SEEK_DATA:
+	case SEEK_HOLE:
+		btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
+		offset = find_desired_extent(file, offset, whence);
+		btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return offset;
+
+	return vfs_setpos(file, offset, inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);
+}
+
+static int btrfs_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	filp->f_mode |= FMODE_NOWAIT | FMODE_BUF_RASYNC | FMODE_BUF_WASYNC |
+		        FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT;
+
+	ret = fsverity_file_open(inode, filp);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	return generic_file_open(inode, filp);
+}
+
+static int check_direct_read(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+			     const struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t offset)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int i, seg;
+
+	ret = check_direct_IO(fs_info, iter, offset);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!iter_is_iovec(iter))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (seg = 0; seg < iter->nr_segs; seg++) {
+		for (i = seg + 1; i < iter->nr_segs; i++) {
+			const struct iovec *iov1 = iter_iov(iter) + seg;
+			const struct iovec *iov2 = iter_iov(iter) + i;
+
+			if (iov1->iov_base == iov2->iov_base)
+				return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t btrfs_direct_read(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
+	size_t prev_left = 0;
+	ssize_t read = 0;
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fsverity_active(inode))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (check_direct_read(btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb), to, iocb->ki_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	btrfs_inode_lock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
+again:
+	/*
+	 * This is similar to what we do for direct IO writes, see the comment
+	 * at btrfs_direct_write(), but we also disable page faults in addition
+	 * to disabling them only at the iov_iter level. This is because when
+	 * reading from a hole or prealloc extent, iomap calls iov_iter_zero(),
+	 * which can still trigger page fault ins despite having set ->nofault
+	 * to true of our 'to' iov_iter.
+	 *
+	 * The difference to direct IO writes is that we deadlock when trying
+	 * to lock the extent range in the inode's tree during he page reads
+	 * triggered by the fault in (while for writes it is due to waiting for
+	 * our own ordered extent). This is because for direct IO reads,
+	 * btrfs_dio_iomap_begin() returns with the extent range locked, which
+	 * is only unlocked in the endio callback (end_bio_extent_readpage()).
+	 */
+	pagefault_disable();
+	to->nofault = true;
+	ret = btrfs_dio_read(iocb, to, read);
+	to->nofault = false;
+	pagefault_enable();
+
+	/* No increment (+=) because iomap returns a cumulative value. */
+	if (ret > 0)
+		read = ret;
+
+	if (iov_iter_count(to) > 0 && (ret == -EFAULT || ret > 0)) {
+		const size_t left = iov_iter_count(to);
+
+		if (left == prev_left) {
+			/*
+			 * We didn't make any progress since the last attempt,
+			 * fallback to a buffered read for the remainder of the
+			 * range. This is just to avoid any possibility of looping
+			 * for too long.
+			 */
+			ret = read;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * We made some progress since the last retry or this is
+			 * the first time we are retrying. Fault in as many pages
+			 * as possible and retry.
+			 */
+			fault_in_iov_iter_writeable(to, left);
+			prev_left = left;
+			goto again;
+		}
+	}
+	btrfs_inode_unlock(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
+	return ret < 0 ? ret : read;
+}
+
+static ssize_t btrfs_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
+{
+	ssize_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
+		ret = btrfs_direct_read(iocb, to);
+		if (ret < 0 || !iov_iter_count(to) ||
+		    iocb->ki_pos >= i_size_read(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)))
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return filemap_read(iocb, to, ret);
+}
+
+const struct file_operations btrfs_file_operations = {
+	.llseek		= btrfs_file_llseek,
+	.read_iter      = btrfs_file_read_iter,
+	.splice_read	= filemap_splice_read,
+	.write_iter	= btrfs_file_write_iter,
+	.splice_write	= iter_file_splice_write,
+	.mmap		= btrfs_file_mmap,
+	.open		= btrfs_file_open,
+	.release	= btrfs_release_file,
+	.get_unmapped_area = thp_get_unmapped_area,
+	.fsync		= btrfs_sync_file,
+	.fallocate	= btrfs_fallocate,
+	.unlocked_ioctl	= btrfs_ioctl,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl	= btrfs_compat_ioctl,
+#endif
+	.remap_file_range = btrfs_remap_file_range,
+};
+
+int btrfs_fdatawrite_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * So with compression we will find and lock a dirty page and clear the
+	 * first one as dirty, setup an async extent, and immediately return
+	 * with the entire range locked but with nobody actually marked with
+	 * writeback.  So we can't just filemap_write_and_wait_range() and
+	 * expect it to work since it will just kick off a thread to do the
+	 * actual work.  So we need to call filemap_fdatawrite_range _again_
+	 * since it will wait on the page lock, which won't be unlocked until
+	 * after the pages have been marked as writeback and so we're good to go
+	 * from there.  We have to do this otherwise we'll miss the ordered
+	 * extents and that results in badness.  Please Josef, do not think you
+	 * know better and pull this out at some point in the future, it is
+	 * right and you are wrong.
+	 */
+	ret = filemap_fdatawrite_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);
+	if (!ret && test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_HAS_ASYNC_EXTENT,
+			     &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags))
+		ret = filemap_fdatawrite_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);
+
+	return ret;
+}