Adding upstream version 6.6.15.upstream/6.6.15

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3179 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/jbd2/journal.c b/fs/jbd2/journal.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19c69229ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/jbd2/journal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3179 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+/*
+ * linux/fs/jbd2/journal.c
+ *
+ * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
+ *
+ * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * Generic filesystem journal-writing code; part of the ext2fs
+ * journaling system.
+ *
+ * This file manages journals: areas of disk reserved for logging
+ * transactional updates.  This includes the kernel journaling thread
+ * which is responsible for scheduling updates to the log.
+ *
+ * We do not actually manage the physical storage of the journal in this
+ * file: that is left to a per-journal policy function, which allows us
+ * to store the journal within a filesystem-specified area for ext2
+ * journaling (ext2 can use a reserved inode for storing the log).
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/jbd2.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/freezer.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/poison.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
+
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/jbd2.h>
+
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <asm/page.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+static ushort jbd2_journal_enable_debug __read_mostly;
+
+module_param_named(jbd2_debug, jbd2_journal_enable_debug, ushort, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(jbd2_debug, "Debugging level for jbd2");
+#endif
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_extend);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_stop);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_lock_updates);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_unlock_updates);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_write_access);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_create_access);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_undo_access);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_set_triggers);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_forget);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_flush);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_revoke);
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_dev);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_inode);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_check_used_features);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_check_available_features);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_set_features);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_load);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_destroy);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_abort);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_errno);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_ack_err);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_clear_err);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_log_wait_commit);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_start_commit);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_wipe);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_blocks_per_page);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_invalidate_folio);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_try_to_free_buffers);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_force_commit);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_inode_ranged_write);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_inode_ranged_wait);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_finish_inode_data_buffers);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_release_jbd_inode);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_begin_ordered_truncate);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_inode_cache);
+
+static int jbd2_journal_create_slab(size_t slab_size);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+void __jbd2_debug(int level, const char *file, const char *func,
+		  unsigned int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct va_format vaf;
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (level > jbd2_journal_enable_debug)
+		return;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	vaf.fmt = fmt;
+	vaf.va = &args;
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: (%s, %u): %pV", file, func, line, &vaf);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Checksumming functions */
+static __be32 jbd2_superblock_csum(journal_t *j, journal_superblock_t *sb)
+{
+	__u32 csum;
+	__be32 old_csum;
+
+	old_csum = sb->s_checksum;
+	sb->s_checksum = 0;
+	csum = jbd2_chksum(j, ~0, (char *)sb, sizeof(journal_superblock_t));
+	sb->s_checksum = old_csum;
+
+	return cpu_to_be32(csum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function used to manage commit timeouts
+ */
+
+static void commit_timeout(struct timer_list *t)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = from_timer(journal, t, j_commit_timer);
+
+	wake_up_process(journal->j_task);
+}
+
+/*
+ * kjournald2: The main thread function used to manage a logging device
+ * journal.
+ *
+ * This kernel thread is responsible for two things:
+ *
+ * 1) COMMIT:  Every so often we need to commit the current state of the
+ *    filesystem to disk.  The journal thread is responsible for writing
+ *    all of the metadata buffers to disk. If a fast commit is ongoing
+ *    journal thread waits until it's done and then continues from
+ *    there on.
+ *
+ * 2) CHECKPOINT: We cannot reuse a used section of the log file until all
+ *    of the data in that part of the log has been rewritten elsewhere on
+ *    the disk.  Flushing these old buffers to reclaim space in the log is
+ *    known as checkpointing, and this thread is responsible for that job.
+ */
+
+static int kjournald2(void *arg)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = arg;
+	transaction_t *transaction;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up an interval timer which can be used to trigger a commit wakeup
+	 * after the commit interval expires
+	 */
+	timer_setup(&journal->j_commit_timer, commit_timeout, 0);
+
+	set_freezable();
+
+	/* Record that the journal thread is running */
+	journal->j_task = current;
+	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that no allocations from this kernel thread will ever
+	 * recurse to the fs layer because we are responsible for the
+	 * transaction commit and any fs involvement might get stuck waiting for
+	 * the trasn. commit.
+	 */
+	memalloc_nofs_save();
+
+	/*
+	 * And now, wait forever for commit wakeup events.
+	 */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+loop:
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_UNMOUNT)
+		goto end_loop;
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "commit_sequence=%u, commit_request=%u\n",
+		journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_commit_request);
+
+	if (journal->j_commit_sequence != journal->j_commit_request) {
+		jbd2_debug(1, "OK, requests differ\n");
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		del_timer_sync(&journal->j_commit_timer);
+		jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal);
+		write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		goto loop;
+	}
+
+	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
+	if (freezing(current)) {
+		/*
+		 * The simpler the better. Flushing journal isn't a
+		 * good idea, because that depends on threads that may
+		 * be already stopped.
+		 */
+		jbd2_debug(1, "Now suspending kjournald2\n");
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		try_to_freeze();
+		write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We assume on resume that commits are already there,
+		 * so we don't sleep
+		 */
+		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+		int should_sleep = 1;
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_commit, &wait,
+				TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+		if (journal->j_commit_sequence != journal->j_commit_request)
+			should_sleep = 0;
+		transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+		if (transaction && time_after_eq(jiffies,
+						transaction->t_expires))
+			should_sleep = 0;
+		if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_UNMOUNT)
+			should_sleep = 0;
+		if (should_sleep) {
+			write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+			schedule();
+			write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		}
+		finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_commit, &wait);
+	}
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "kjournald2 wakes\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Were we woken up by a commit wakeup event?
+	 */
+	transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+	if (transaction && time_after_eq(jiffies, transaction->t_expires)) {
+		journal->j_commit_request = transaction->t_tid;
+		jbd2_debug(1, "woke because of timeout\n");
+	}
+	goto loop;
+
+end_loop:
+	del_timer_sync(&journal->j_commit_timer);
+	journal->j_task = NULL;
+	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
+	jbd2_debug(1, "Journal thread exiting.\n");
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int jbd2_journal_start_thread(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	struct task_struct *t;
+
+	t = kthread_run(kjournald2, journal, "jbd2/%s",
+			journal->j_devname);
+	if (IS_ERR(t))
+		return PTR_ERR(t);
+
+	wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit, journal->j_task != NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void journal_kill_thread(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	journal->j_flags |= JBD2_UNMOUNT;
+
+	while (journal->j_task) {
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
+		wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit, journal->j_task == NULL);
+		write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	}
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer: write a metadata buffer to the journal.
+ *
+ * Writes a metadata buffer to a given disk block.  The actual IO is not
+ * performed but a new buffer_head is constructed which labels the data
+ * to be written with the correct destination disk block.
+ *
+ * Any magic-number escaping which needs to be done will cause a
+ * copy-out here.  If the buffer happens to start with the
+ * JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER, then we can't write it to the log directly: the
+ * magic number is only written to the log for descripter blocks.  In
+ * this case, we copy the data and replace the first word with 0, and we
+ * return a result code which indicates that this buffer needs to be
+ * marked as an escaped buffer in the corresponding log descriptor
+ * block.  The missing word can then be restored when the block is read
+ * during recovery.
+ *
+ * If the source buffer has already been modified by a new transaction
+ * since we took the last commit snapshot, we use the frozen copy of
+ * that data for IO. If we end up using the existing buffer_head's data
+ * for the write, then we have to make sure nobody modifies it while the
+ * IO is in progress. do_get_write_access() handles this.
+ *
+ * The function returns a pointer to the buffer_head to be used for IO.
+ *
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ *  <0: Error
+ * >=0: Finished OK
+ *
+ * On success:
+ * Bit 0 set == escape performed on the data
+ * Bit 1 set == buffer copy-out performed (kfree the data after IO)
+ */
+
+int jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(transaction_t *transaction,
+				  struct journal_head  *jh_in,
+				  struct buffer_head **bh_out,
+				  sector_t blocknr)
+{
+	int need_copy_out = 0;
+	int done_copy_out = 0;
+	int do_escape = 0;
+	char *mapped_data;
+	struct buffer_head *new_bh;
+	struct folio *new_folio;
+	unsigned int new_offset;
+	struct buffer_head *bh_in = jh2bh(jh_in);
+	journal_t *journal = transaction->t_journal;
+
+	/*
+	 * The buffer really shouldn't be locked: only the current committing
+	 * transaction is allowed to write it, so nobody else is allowed
+	 * to do any IO.
+	 *
+	 * akpm: except if we're journalling data, and write() output is
+	 * also part of a shared mapping, and another thread has
+	 * decided to launch a writepage() against this buffer.
+	 */
+	J_ASSERT_BH(bh_in, buffer_jbddirty(bh_in));
+
+	new_bh = alloc_buffer_head(GFP_NOFS|__GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+	/* keep subsequent assertions sane */
+	atomic_set(&new_bh->b_count, 1);
+
+	spin_lock(&jh_in->b_state_lock);
+repeat:
+	/*
+	 * If a new transaction has already done a buffer copy-out, then
+	 * we use that version of the data for the commit.
+	 */
+	if (jh_in->b_frozen_data) {
+		done_copy_out = 1;
+		new_folio = virt_to_folio(jh_in->b_frozen_data);
+		new_offset = offset_in_folio(new_folio, jh_in->b_frozen_data);
+	} else {
+		new_folio = jh2bh(jh_in)->b_folio;
+		new_offset = offset_in_folio(new_folio, jh2bh(jh_in)->b_data);
+	}
+
+	mapped_data = kmap_local_folio(new_folio, new_offset);
+	/*
+	 * Fire data frozen trigger if data already wasn't frozen.  Do this
+	 * before checking for escaping, as the trigger may modify the magic
+	 * offset.  If a copy-out happens afterwards, it will have the correct
+	 * data in the buffer.
+	 */
+	if (!done_copy_out)
+		jbd2_buffer_frozen_trigger(jh_in, mapped_data,
+					   jh_in->b_triggers);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for escaping
+	 */
+	if (*((__be32 *)mapped_data) == cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER)) {
+		need_copy_out = 1;
+		do_escape = 1;
+	}
+	kunmap_local(mapped_data);
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we need to do a data copy?
+	 */
+	if (need_copy_out && !done_copy_out) {
+		char *tmp;
+
+		spin_unlock(&jh_in->b_state_lock);
+		tmp = jbd2_alloc(bh_in->b_size, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!tmp) {
+			brelse(new_bh);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		spin_lock(&jh_in->b_state_lock);
+		if (jh_in->b_frozen_data) {
+			jbd2_free(tmp, bh_in->b_size);
+			goto repeat;
+		}
+
+		jh_in->b_frozen_data = tmp;
+		memcpy_from_folio(tmp, new_folio, new_offset, bh_in->b_size);
+
+		new_folio = virt_to_folio(tmp);
+		new_offset = offset_in_folio(new_folio, tmp);
+		done_copy_out = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * This isn't strictly necessary, as we're using frozen
+		 * data for the escaping, but it keeps consistency with
+		 * b_frozen_data usage.
+		 */
+		jh_in->b_frozen_triggers = jh_in->b_triggers;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Did we need to do an escaping?  Now we've done all the
+	 * copying, we can finally do so.
+	 */
+	if (do_escape) {
+		mapped_data = kmap_local_folio(new_folio, new_offset);
+		*((unsigned int *)mapped_data) = 0;
+		kunmap_local(mapped_data);
+	}
+
+	folio_set_bh(new_bh, new_folio, new_offset);
+	new_bh->b_size = bh_in->b_size;
+	new_bh->b_bdev = journal->j_dev;
+	new_bh->b_blocknr = blocknr;
+	new_bh->b_private = bh_in;
+	set_buffer_mapped(new_bh);
+	set_buffer_dirty(new_bh);
+
+	*bh_out = new_bh;
+
+	/*
+	 * The to-be-written buffer needs to get moved to the io queue,
+	 * and the original buffer whose contents we are shadowing or
+	 * copying is moved to the transaction's shadow queue.
+	 */
+	JBUFFER_TRACE(jh_in, "file as BJ_Shadow");
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	__jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh_in, transaction, BJ_Shadow);
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	set_buffer_shadow(bh_in);
+	spin_unlock(&jh_in->b_state_lock);
+
+	return do_escape | (done_copy_out << 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocation code for the journal file.  Manage the space left in the
+ * journal, so that we can begin checkpointing when appropriate.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Called with j_state_lock locked for writing.
+ * Returns true if a transaction commit was started.
+ */
+static int __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t target)
+{
+	/* Return if the txn has already requested to be committed */
+	if (journal->j_commit_request == target)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The only transaction we can possibly wait upon is the
+	 * currently running transaction (if it exists).  Otherwise,
+	 * the target tid must be an old one.
+	 */
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction &&
+	    journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid == target) {
+		/*
+		 * We want a new commit: OK, mark the request and wakeup the
+		 * commit thread.  We do _not_ do the commit ourselves.
+		 */
+
+		journal->j_commit_request = target;
+		jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: requesting commit %u/%u\n",
+			  journal->j_commit_request,
+			  journal->j_commit_sequence);
+		journal->j_running_transaction->t_requested = jiffies;
+		wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
+		return 1;
+	} else if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, target))
+		/* This should never happen, but if it does, preserve
+		   the evidence before kjournald goes into a loop and
+		   increments j_commit_sequence beyond all recognition. */
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "JBD2: bad log_start_commit: %u %u %u %u\n",
+			  journal->j_commit_request,
+			  journal->j_commit_sequence,
+			  target, journal->j_running_transaction ?
+			  journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid : 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int jbd2_log_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	ret = __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Force and wait any uncommitted transactions.  We can only force the running
+ * transaction if we don't have an active handle, otherwise, we will deadlock.
+ * Returns: <0 in case of error,
+ *           0 if nothing to commit,
+ *           1 if transaction was successfully committed.
+ */
+static int __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	transaction_t *transaction = NULL;
+	tid_t tid;
+	int need_to_start = 0, ret = 0;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction && !current->journal_info) {
+		transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+		if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, transaction->t_tid))
+			need_to_start = 1;
+	} else if (journal->j_committing_transaction)
+		transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction;
+
+	if (!transaction) {
+		/* Nothing to commit */
+		read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	tid = transaction->t_tid;
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (need_to_start)
+		jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
+	ret = jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = 1;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested - Force and wait upon a commit if the
+ * calling process is not within transaction.
+ *
+ * @journal: journal to force
+ * Returns true if progress was made.
+ *
+ * This is used for forcing out undo-protected data which contains
+ * bitmaps, when the fs is running out of space.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal);
+	return ret > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_force_commit() - force any uncommitted transactions
+ * @journal: journal to force
+ *
+ * Caller want unconditional commit. We can only force the running transaction
+ * if we don't have an active handle, otherwise, we will deadlock.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	J_ASSERT(!current->journal_info);
+	ret = __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal);
+	if (ret > 0)
+		ret = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start a commit of the current running transaction (if any).  Returns true
+ * if a transaction is going to be committed (or is currently already
+ * committing), and fills its tid in at *ptid
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t *ptid)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction) {
+		tid_t tid = journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid;
+
+		__jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
+		/* There's a running transaction and we've just made sure
+		 * it's commit has been scheduled. */
+		if (ptid)
+			*ptid = tid;
+		ret = 1;
+	} else if (journal->j_committing_transaction) {
+		/*
+		 * If commit has been started, then we have to wait for
+		 * completion of that transaction.
+		 */
+		if (ptid)
+			*ptid = journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid;
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return 1 if a given transaction has not yet sent barrier request
+ * connected with a transaction commit. If 0 is returned, transaction
+ * may or may not have sent the barrier. Used to avoid sending barrier
+ * twice in common cases.
+ */
+int jbd2_trans_will_send_data_barrier(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	transaction_t *commit_trans;
+
+	if (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
+		return 0;
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	/* Transaction already committed? */
+	if (tid_geq(journal->j_commit_sequence, tid))
+		goto out;
+	commit_trans = journal->j_committing_transaction;
+	if (!commit_trans || commit_trans->t_tid != tid) {
+		ret = 1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Transaction is being committed and we already proceeded to
+	 * submitting a flush to fs partition?
+	 */
+	if (journal->j_fs_dev != journal->j_dev) {
+		if (!commit_trans->t_need_data_flush ||
+		    commit_trans->t_state >= T_COMMIT_DFLUSH)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		if (commit_trans->t_state >= T_COMMIT_JFLUSH)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	ret = 1;
+out:
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_trans_will_send_data_barrier);
+
+/*
+ * Wait for a specified commit to complete.
+ * The caller may not hold the journal lock.
+ */
+int jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
+	/*
+	 * Some callers make sure transaction is already committing and in that
+	 * case we cannot block on open handles anymore. So don't warn in that
+	 * case.
+	 */
+	if (tid_gt(tid, journal->j_commit_sequence) &&
+	    (!journal->j_committing_transaction ||
+	     journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid != tid)) {
+		read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		jbd2_might_wait_for_commit(journal);
+		read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+	if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, tid)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR
+		       "%s: error: j_commit_request=%u, tid=%u\n",
+		       __func__, journal->j_commit_request, tid);
+	}
+#endif
+	while (tid_gt(tid, journal->j_commit_sequence)) {
+		jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: want %u, j_commit_sequence=%u\n",
+				  tid, journal->j_commit_sequence);
+		read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
+		wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit,
+				!tid_gt(tid, journal->j_commit_sequence));
+		read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	}
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	if (unlikely(is_journal_aborted(journal)))
+		err = -EIO;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start a fast commit. If there's an ongoing fast or full commit wait for
+ * it to complete. Returns 0 if a new fast commit was started. Returns -EALREADY
+ * if a fast commit is not needed, either because there's an already a commit
+ * going on or this tid has already been committed. Returns -EINVAL if no jbd2
+ * commit has yet been performed.
+ */
+int jbd2_fc_begin_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	if (unlikely(is_journal_aborted(journal)))
+		return -EIO;
+	/*
+	 * Fast commits only allowed if at least one full commit has
+	 * been processed.
+	 */
+	if (!journal->j_stats.ts_tid)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (tid <= journal->j_commit_sequence) {
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		return -EALREADY;
+	}
+
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FULL_COMMIT_ONGOING ||
+	    (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FAST_COMMIT_ONGOING)) {
+		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_fc_wait, &wait,
+				TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		schedule();
+		finish_wait(&journal->j_fc_wait, &wait);
+		return -EALREADY;
+	}
+	journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FAST_COMMIT_ONGOING;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	jbd2_journal_lock_updates(journal);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_begin_commit);
+
+/*
+ * Stop a fast commit. If fallback is set, this function starts commit of
+ * TID tid before any other fast commit can start.
+ */
+static int __jbd2_fc_end_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid, bool fallback)
+{
+	jbd2_journal_unlock_updates(journal);
+	if (journal->j_fc_cleanup_callback)
+		journal->j_fc_cleanup_callback(journal, 0, tid);
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_FAST_COMMIT_ONGOING;
+	if (fallback)
+		journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FULL_COMMIT_ONGOING;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	wake_up(&journal->j_fc_wait);
+	if (fallback)
+		return jbd2_complete_transaction(journal, tid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int jbd2_fc_end_commit(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	return __jbd2_fc_end_commit(journal, 0, false);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_end_commit);
+
+int jbd2_fc_end_commit_fallback(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	tid_t tid;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	tid = journal->j_running_transaction ?
+		journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid : 0;
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return __jbd2_fc_end_commit(journal, tid, true);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_end_commit_fallback);
+
+/* Return 1 when transaction with given tid has already committed. */
+int jbd2_transaction_committed(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	int ret = 1;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction &&
+	    journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid == tid)
+		ret = 0;
+	if (journal->j_committing_transaction &&
+	    journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid == tid)
+		ret = 0;
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_transaction_committed);
+
+/*
+ * When this function returns the transaction corresponding to tid
+ * will be completed.  If the transaction has currently running, start
+ * committing that transaction before waiting for it to complete.  If
+ * the transaction id is stale, it is by definition already completed,
+ * so just return SUCCESS.
+ */
+int jbd2_complete_transaction(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
+{
+	int	need_to_wait = 1;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction &&
+	    journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid == tid) {
+		if (journal->j_commit_request != tid) {
+			/* transaction not yet started, so request it */
+			read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+			jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
+			goto wait_commit;
+		}
+	} else if (!(journal->j_committing_transaction &&
+		     journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid == tid))
+		need_to_wait = 0;
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (!need_to_wait)
+		return 0;
+wait_commit:
+	return jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_complete_transaction);
+
+/*
+ * Log buffer allocation routines:
+ */
+
+int jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal_t *journal, unsigned long long *retp)
+{
+	unsigned long blocknr;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_free > 1);
+
+	blocknr = journal->j_head;
+	journal->j_head++;
+	journal->j_free--;
+	if (journal->j_head == journal->j_last)
+		journal->j_head = journal->j_first;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return jbd2_journal_bmap(journal, blocknr, retp);
+}
+
+/* Map one fast commit buffer for use by the file system */
+int jbd2_fc_get_buf(journal_t *journal, struct buffer_head **bh_out)
+{
+	unsigned long long pblock;
+	unsigned long blocknr;
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int fc_off;
+
+	*bh_out = NULL;
+
+	if (journal->j_fc_off + journal->j_fc_first < journal->j_fc_last) {
+		fc_off = journal->j_fc_off;
+		blocknr = journal->j_fc_first + fc_off;
+		journal->j_fc_off++;
+	} else {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = jbd2_journal_bmap(journal, blocknr, &pblock);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	bh = __getblk(journal->j_dev, pblock, journal->j_blocksize);
+	if (!bh)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+
+	journal->j_fc_wbuf[fc_off] = bh;
+
+	*bh_out = bh;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_get_buf);
+
+/*
+ * Wait on fast commit buffers that were allocated by jbd2_fc_get_buf
+ * for completion.
+ */
+int jbd2_fc_wait_bufs(journal_t *journal, int num_blks)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int i, j_fc_off;
+
+	j_fc_off = journal->j_fc_off;
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait in reverse order to minimize chances of us being woken up before
+	 * all IOs have completed
+	 */
+	for (i = j_fc_off - 1; i >= j_fc_off - num_blks; i--) {
+		bh = journal->j_fc_wbuf[i];
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		/*
+		 * Update j_fc_off so jbd2_fc_release_bufs can release remain
+		 * buffer head.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh))) {
+			journal->j_fc_off = i + 1;
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+		put_bh(bh);
+		journal->j_fc_wbuf[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_wait_bufs);
+
+int jbd2_fc_release_bufs(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int i, j_fc_off;
+
+	j_fc_off = journal->j_fc_off;
+
+	for (i = j_fc_off - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		bh = journal->j_fc_wbuf[i];
+		if (!bh)
+			break;
+		put_bh(bh);
+		journal->j_fc_wbuf[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_fc_release_bufs);
+
+/*
+ * Conversion of logical to physical block numbers for the journal
+ *
+ * On external journals the journal blocks are identity-mapped, so
+ * this is a no-op.  If needed, we can use j_blk_offset - everything is
+ * ready.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_bmap(journal_t *journal, unsigned long blocknr,
+		 unsigned long long *retp)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	unsigned long long ret;
+	sector_t block = blocknr;
+
+	if (journal->j_bmap) {
+		err = journal->j_bmap(journal, &block);
+		if (err == 0)
+			*retp = block;
+	} else if (journal->j_inode) {
+		ret = bmap(journal->j_inode, &block);
+
+		if (ret || !block) {
+			printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: journal block not found "
+					"at offset %lu on %s\n",
+			       __func__, blocknr, journal->j_devname);
+			err = -EIO;
+			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+		} else {
+			*retp = block;
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		*retp = blocknr; /* +journal->j_blk_offset */
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We play buffer_head aliasing tricks to write data/metadata blocks to
+ * the journal without copying their contents, but for journal
+ * descriptor blocks we do need to generate bona fide buffers.
+ *
+ * After the caller of jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer() has finished modifying
+ * the buffer's contents they really should run flush_dcache_page(bh->b_page).
+ * But we don't bother doing that, so there will be coherency problems with
+ * mmaps of blockdevs which hold live JBD-controlled filesystems.
+ */
+struct buffer_head *
+jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(transaction_t *transaction, int type)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = transaction->t_journal;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	unsigned long long blocknr;
+	journal_header_t *header;
+	int err;
+
+	err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);
+
+	if (err)
+		return NULL;
+
+	bh = __getblk(journal->j_dev, blocknr, journal->j_blocksize);
+	if (!bh)
+		return NULL;
+	atomic_dec(&transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+	memset(bh->b_data, 0, journal->j_blocksize);
+	header = (journal_header_t *)bh->b_data;
+	header->h_magic = cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER);
+	header->h_blocktype = cpu_to_be32(type);
+	header->h_sequence = cpu_to_be32(transaction->t_tid);
+	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "return this buffer");
+	return bh;
+}
+
+void jbd2_descriptor_block_csum_set(journal_t *j, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct jbd2_journal_block_tail *tail;
+	__u32 csum;
+
+	if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
+		return;
+
+	tail = (struct jbd2_journal_block_tail *)(bh->b_data + j->j_blocksize -
+			sizeof(struct jbd2_journal_block_tail));
+	tail->t_checksum = 0;
+	csum = jbd2_chksum(j, j->j_csum_seed, bh->b_data, j->j_blocksize);
+	tail->t_checksum = cpu_to_be32(csum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return tid of the oldest transaction in the journal and block in the journal
+ * where the transaction starts.
+ *
+ * If the journal is now empty, return which will be the next transaction ID
+ * we will write and where will that transaction start.
+ *
+ * The return value is 0 if journal tail cannot be pushed any further, 1 if
+ * it can.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_get_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t *tid,
+			      unsigned long *block)
+{
+	transaction_t *transaction;
+	int ret;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
+	if (transaction) {
+		*tid = transaction->t_tid;
+		*block = transaction->t_log_start;
+	} else if ((transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction) != NULL) {
+		*tid = transaction->t_tid;
+		*block = transaction->t_log_start;
+	} else if ((transaction = journal->j_running_transaction) != NULL) {
+		*tid = transaction->t_tid;
+		*block = journal->j_head;
+	} else {
+		*tid = journal->j_transaction_sequence;
+		*block = journal->j_head;
+	}
+	ret = tid_gt(*tid, journal->j_tail_sequence);
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update information in journal structure and in on disk journal superblock
+ * about log tail. This function does not check whether information passed in
+ * really pushes log tail further. It's responsibility of the caller to make
+ * sure provided log tail information is valid (e.g. by holding
+ * j_checkpoint_mutex all the time between computing log tail and calling this
+ * function as is the case with jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail()).
+ *
+ * Requires j_checkpoint_mutex
+ */
+int __jbd2_update_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid, unsigned long block)
+{
+	unsigned long freed;
+	int ret;
+
+	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));
+
+	/*
+	 * We cannot afford for write to remain in drive's caches since as
+	 * soon as we update j_tail, next transaction can start reusing journal
+	 * space and if we lose sb update during power failure we'd replay
+	 * old transaction with possibly newly overwritten data.
+	 */
+	ret = jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal, tid, block, REQ_FUA);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	freed = block - journal->j_tail;
+	if (block < journal->j_tail)
+		freed += journal->j_last - journal->j_first;
+
+	trace_jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, tid, block, freed);
+	jbd2_debug(1,
+		  "Cleaning journal tail from %u to %u (offset %lu), "
+		  "freeing %lu\n",
+		  journal->j_tail_sequence, tid, block, freed);
+
+	journal->j_free += freed;
+	journal->j_tail_sequence = tid;
+	journal->j_tail = block;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is a variation of __jbd2_update_log_tail which checks for validity of
+ * provided log tail and locks j_checkpoint_mutex. So it is safe against races
+ * with other threads updating log tail.
+ */
+void jbd2_update_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid, unsigned long block)
+{
+	mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	if (tid_gt(tid, journal->j_tail_sequence))
+		__jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, tid, block);
+	mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+}
+
+struct jbd2_stats_proc_session {
+	journal_t *journal;
+	struct transaction_stats_s *stats;
+	int start;
+	int max;
+};
+
+static void *jbd2_seq_info_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	return *pos ? NULL : SEQ_START_TOKEN;
+}
+
+static void *jbd2_seq_info_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	(*pos)++;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int jbd2_seq_info_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+	struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s = seq->private;
+
+	if (v != SEQ_START_TOKEN)
+		return 0;
+	seq_printf(seq, "%lu transactions (%lu requested), "
+		   "each up to %u blocks\n",
+		   s->stats->ts_tid, s->stats->ts_requested,
+		   s->journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);
+	if (s->stats->ts_tid == 0)
+		return 0;
+	seq_printf(seq, "average: \n  %ums waiting for transaction\n",
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_wait / s->stats->ts_tid));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %ums request delay\n",
+	    (s->stats->ts_requested == 0) ? 0 :
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_request_delay /
+			     s->stats->ts_requested));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %ums running transaction\n",
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_running / s->stats->ts_tid));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %ums transaction was being locked\n",
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_locked / s->stats->ts_tid));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %ums flushing data (in ordered mode)\n",
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_flushing / s->stats->ts_tid));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %ums logging transaction\n",
+	    jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_logging / s->stats->ts_tid));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %lluus average transaction commit time\n",
+		   div_u64(s->journal->j_average_commit_time, 1000));
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %lu handles per transaction\n",
+	    s->stats->run.rs_handle_count / s->stats->ts_tid);
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %lu blocks per transaction\n",
+	    s->stats->run.rs_blocks / s->stats->ts_tid);
+	seq_printf(seq, "  %lu logged blocks per transaction\n",
+	    s->stats->run.rs_blocks_logged / s->stats->ts_tid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void jbd2_seq_info_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+}
+
+static const struct seq_operations jbd2_seq_info_ops = {
+	.start  = jbd2_seq_info_start,
+	.next   = jbd2_seq_info_next,
+	.stop   = jbd2_seq_info_stop,
+	.show   = jbd2_seq_info_show,
+};
+
+static int jbd2_seq_info_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = pde_data(inode);
+	struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s;
+	int rc, size;
+
+	s = kmalloc(sizeof(*s), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (s == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	size = sizeof(struct transaction_stats_s);
+	s->stats = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (s->stats == NULL) {
+		kfree(s);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
+	memcpy(s->stats, &journal->j_stats, size);
+	s->journal = journal;
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);
+
+	rc = seq_open(file, &jbd2_seq_info_ops);
+	if (rc == 0) {
+		struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
+		m->private = s;
+	} else {
+		kfree(s->stats);
+		kfree(s);
+	}
+	return rc;
+
+}
+
+static int jbd2_seq_info_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
+	struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s = seq->private;
+	kfree(s->stats);
+	kfree(s);
+	return seq_release(inode, file);
+}
+
+static const struct proc_ops jbd2_info_proc_ops = {
+	.proc_open	= jbd2_seq_info_open,
+	.proc_read	= seq_read,
+	.proc_lseek	= seq_lseek,
+	.proc_release	= jbd2_seq_info_release,
+};
+
+static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_jbd2_stats;
+
+static void jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	journal->j_proc_entry = proc_mkdir(journal->j_devname, proc_jbd2_stats);
+	if (journal->j_proc_entry) {
+		proc_create_data("info", S_IRUGO, journal->j_proc_entry,
+				 &jbd2_info_proc_ops, journal);
+	}
+}
+
+static void jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	remove_proc_entry("info", journal->j_proc_entry);
+	remove_proc_entry(journal->j_devname, proc_jbd2_stats);
+}
+
+/* Minimum size of descriptor tag */
+static int jbd2_min_tag_size(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Tag with 32-bit block numbers does not use last four bytes of the
+	 * structure
+	 */
+	return sizeof(journal_block_tag_t) - 4;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_shrink_scan()
+ * @shrink: shrinker to work on
+ * @sc: reclaim request to process
+ *
+ * Scan the checkpointed buffer on the checkpoint list and release the
+ * journal_head.
+ */
+static unsigned long jbd2_journal_shrink_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
+					      struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = container_of(shrink, journal_t, j_shrinker);
+	unsigned long nr_to_scan = sc->nr_to_scan;
+	unsigned long nr_shrunk;
+	unsigned long count;
+
+	count = percpu_counter_read_positive(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
+	trace_jbd2_shrink_scan_enter(journal, sc->nr_to_scan, count);
+
+	nr_shrunk = jbd2_journal_shrink_checkpoint_list(journal, &nr_to_scan);
+
+	count = percpu_counter_read_positive(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
+	trace_jbd2_shrink_scan_exit(journal, nr_to_scan, nr_shrunk, count);
+
+	return nr_shrunk;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_shrink_count()
+ * @shrink: shrinker to work on
+ * @sc: reclaim request to process
+ *
+ * Count the number of checkpoint buffers on the checkpoint list.
+ */
+static unsigned long jbd2_journal_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
+					       struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+	journal_t *journal = container_of(shrink, journal_t, j_shrinker);
+	unsigned long count;
+
+	count = percpu_counter_read_positive(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
+	trace_jbd2_shrink_count(journal, sc->nr_to_scan, count);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the journal init or create aborts, we need to mark the journal
+ * superblock as being NULL to prevent the journal destroy from writing
+ * back a bogus superblock.
+ */
+static void journal_fail_superblock(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh = journal->j_sb_buffer;
+	brelse(bh);
+	journal->j_sb_buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the superblock for a given journal, performing initial
+ * validation of the format.
+ */
+static int journal_check_superblock(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	int num_fc_blks;
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (sb->s_header.h_magic != cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER) ||
+	    sb->s_blocksize != cpu_to_be32(journal->j_blocksize)) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: no valid journal superblock found\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_header.h_blocktype) != JBD2_SUPERBLOCK_V1 &&
+	    be32_to_cpu(sb->s_header.h_blocktype) != JBD2_SUPERBLOCK_V2) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: unrecognised superblock format ID\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) > journal->j_total_len) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: journal file too short\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first) == 0 ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first) >= journal->j_total_len) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING
+			"JBD2: Invalid start block of journal: %u\n",
+			be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first));
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a V2 superblock, then we have to check the
+	 * features flags on it.
+	 */
+	if (!jbd2_format_support_feature(journal))
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((sb->s_feature_ro_compat &
+			~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_KNOWN_ROCOMPAT_FEATURES)) ||
+	    (sb->s_feature_incompat &
+			~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_KNOWN_INCOMPAT_FEATURES))) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: Unrecognised features on journal\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	num_fc_blks = jbd2_has_feature_fast_commit(journal) ?
+				jbd2_journal_get_num_fc_blks(sb) : 0;
+	if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) < JBD2_MIN_JOURNAL_BLOCKS ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) - JBD2_MIN_JOURNAL_BLOCKS < num_fc_blks) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: journal file too short %u,%d\n",
+		       be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen), num_fc_blks);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_csum2(journal) &&
+	    jbd2_has_feature_csum3(journal)) {
+		/* Can't have checksum v2 and v3 at the same time! */
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Can't enable checksumming v2 and v3 "
+		       "at the same time!\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3_feature(journal) &&
+	    jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
+		/* Can't have checksum v1 and v2 on at the same time! */
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Can't enable checksumming v1 and v2/3 "
+		       "at the same time!\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/* Load the checksum driver */
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3_feature(journal)) {
+		if (sb->s_checksum_type != JBD2_CRC32C_CHKSUM) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Unknown checksum type\n");
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		journal->j_chksum_driver = crypto_alloc_shash("crc32c", 0, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver)) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Cannot load crc32c driver.\n");
+			err = PTR_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver);
+			journal->j_chksum_driver = NULL;
+			return err;
+		}
+		/* Check superblock checksum */
+		if (sb->s_checksum != jbd2_superblock_csum(journal, sb)) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: journal checksum error\n");
+			err = -EFSBADCRC;
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_revoke_records_per_block(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int record_size;
+	int space = journal->j_blocksize - sizeof(jbd2_journal_revoke_header_t);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_64bit(journal))
+		record_size = 8;
+	else
+		record_size = 4;
+
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
+		space -= sizeof(struct jbd2_journal_block_tail);
+	return space / record_size;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load the on-disk journal superblock and read the key fields into the
+ * journal_t.
+ */
+static int journal_load_superblock(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	journal_superblock_t *sb;
+
+	bh = getblk_unmovable(journal->j_dev, journal->j_blk_offset,
+			      journal->j_blocksize);
+	if (bh)
+		err = bh_read(bh, 0);
+	if (!bh || err < 0) {
+		pr_err("%s: Cannot read journal superblock\n", __func__);
+		brelse(bh);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	journal->j_sb_buffer = bh;
+	sb = (journal_superblock_t *)bh->b_data;
+	journal->j_superblock = sb;
+	err = journal_check_superblock(journal);
+	if (err) {
+		journal_fail_superblock(journal);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	journal->j_tail_sequence = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_sequence);
+	journal->j_tail = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_start);
+	journal->j_first = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first);
+	journal->j_errno = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_errno);
+	journal->j_last = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) < journal->j_total_len)
+		journal->j_total_len = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
+	/* Precompute checksum seed for all metadata */
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
+		journal->j_csum_seed = jbd2_chksum(journal, ~0, sb->s_uuid,
+						   sizeof(sb->s_uuid));
+	journal->j_revoke_records_per_block =
+				journal_revoke_records_per_block(journal);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_fast_commit(journal)) {
+		journal->j_fc_last = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
+		journal->j_last = journal->j_fc_last -
+				  jbd2_journal_get_num_fc_blks(sb);
+		journal->j_fc_first = journal->j_last + 1;
+		journal->j_fc_off = 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Management for journal control blocks: functions to create and
+ * destroy journal_t structures, and to initialise and read existing
+ * journal blocks from disk.  */
+
+/* First: create and setup a journal_t object in memory.  We initialise
+ * very few fields yet: that has to wait until we have created the
+ * journal structures from from scratch, or loaded them from disk. */
+
+static journal_t *journal_init_common(struct block_device *bdev,
+			struct block_device *fs_dev,
+			unsigned long long start, int len, int blocksize)
+{
+	static struct lock_class_key jbd2_trans_commit_key;
+	journal_t *journal;
+	int err;
+	int n;
+
+	journal = kzalloc(sizeof(*journal), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!journal)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	journal->j_blocksize = blocksize;
+	journal->j_dev = bdev;
+	journal->j_fs_dev = fs_dev;
+	journal->j_blk_offset = start;
+	journal->j_total_len = len;
+
+	err = journal_load_superblock(journal);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_cleanup;
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_commit);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_updates);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_reserved);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_fc_wait);
+	mutex_init(&journal->j_abort_mutex);
+	mutex_init(&journal->j_barrier);
+	mutex_init(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&journal->j_revoke_lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&journal->j_history_lock);
+	rwlock_init(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	journal->j_commit_interval = (HZ * JBD2_DEFAULT_MAX_COMMIT_AGE);
+	journal->j_min_batch_time = 0;
+	journal->j_max_batch_time = 15000; /* 15ms */
+	atomic_set(&journal->j_reserved_credits, 0);
+	lockdep_init_map(&journal->j_trans_commit_map, "jbd2_handle",
+			 &jbd2_trans_commit_key, 0);
+
+	/* The journal is marked for error until we succeed with recovery! */
+	journal->j_flags = JBD2_ABORT;
+
+	/* Set up a default-sized revoke table for the new mount. */
+	err = jbd2_journal_init_revoke(journal, JOURNAL_REVOKE_DEFAULT_HASH);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * journal descriptor can store up to n blocks, we need enough
+	 * buffers to write out full descriptor block.
+	 */
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	n = journal->j_blocksize / jbd2_min_tag_size();
+	journal->j_wbufsize = n;
+	journal->j_fc_wbuf = NULL;
+	journal->j_wbuf = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(struct buffer_head *),
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!journal->j_wbuf)
+		goto err_cleanup;
+
+	err = percpu_counter_init(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count, 0,
+				  GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_cleanup;
+
+	journal->j_shrink_transaction = NULL;
+	journal->j_shrinker.scan_objects = jbd2_journal_shrink_scan;
+	journal->j_shrinker.count_objects = jbd2_journal_shrink_count;
+	journal->j_shrinker.seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS;
+	journal->j_shrinker.batch = journal->j_max_transaction_buffers;
+	err = register_shrinker(&journal->j_shrinker, "jbd2-journal:(%u:%u)",
+				MAJOR(bdev->bd_dev), MINOR(bdev->bd_dev));
+	if (err)
+		goto err_cleanup;
+
+	return journal;
+
+err_cleanup:
+	percpu_counter_destroy(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
+	if (journal->j_chksum_driver)
+		crypto_free_shash(journal->j_chksum_driver);
+	kfree(journal->j_wbuf);
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke(journal);
+	journal_fail_superblock(journal);
+	kfree(journal);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+/* jbd2_journal_init_dev and jbd2_journal_init_inode:
+ *
+ * Create a journal structure assigned some fixed set of disk blocks to
+ * the journal.  We don't actually touch those disk blocks yet, but we
+ * need to set up all of the mapping information to tell the journaling
+ * system where the journal blocks are.
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ *  journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_dev() - creates and initialises a journal structure
+ *  @bdev: Block device on which to create the journal
+ *  @fs_dev: Device which hold journalled filesystem for this journal.
+ *  @start: Block nr Start of journal.
+ *  @len:  Length of the journal in blocks.
+ *  @blocksize: blocksize of journalling device
+ *
+ *  Returns: a newly created journal_t *
+ *
+ *  jbd2_journal_init_dev creates a journal which maps a fixed contiguous
+ *  range of blocks on an arbitrary block device.
+ *
+ */
+journal_t *jbd2_journal_init_dev(struct block_device *bdev,
+			struct block_device *fs_dev,
+			unsigned long long start, int len, int blocksize)
+{
+	journal_t *journal;
+
+	journal = journal_init_common(bdev, fs_dev, start, len, blocksize);
+	if (IS_ERR(journal))
+		return ERR_CAST(journal);
+
+	snprintf(journal->j_devname, sizeof(journal->j_devname),
+		 "%pg", journal->j_dev);
+	strreplace(journal->j_devname, '/', '!');
+	jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal);
+
+	return journal;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_inode () - creates a journal which maps to a inode.
+ *  @inode: An inode to create the journal in
+ *
+ * jbd2_journal_init_inode creates a journal which maps an on-disk inode as
+ * the journal.  The inode must exist already, must support bmap() and
+ * must have all data blocks preallocated.
+ */
+journal_t *jbd2_journal_init_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	journal_t *journal;
+	sector_t blocknr;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	blocknr = 0;
+	err = bmap(inode, &blocknr);
+	if (err || !blocknr) {
+		pr_err("%s: Cannot locate journal superblock\n", __func__);
+		return err ? ERR_PTR(err) : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: inode %s/%ld, size %lld, bits %d, blksize %ld\n",
+		  inode->i_sb->s_id, inode->i_ino, (long long) inode->i_size,
+		  inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
+
+	journal = journal_init_common(inode->i_sb->s_bdev, inode->i_sb->s_bdev,
+			blocknr, inode->i_size >> inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits,
+			inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
+	if (IS_ERR(journal))
+		return ERR_CAST(journal);
+
+	journal->j_inode = inode;
+	snprintf(journal->j_devname, sizeof(journal->j_devname),
+		 "%pg-%lu", journal->j_dev, journal->j_inode->i_ino);
+	strreplace(journal->j_devname, '/', '!');
+	jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal);
+
+	return journal;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a journal_t structure, initialise the various fields for
+ * startup of a new journaling session.  We use this both when creating
+ * a journal, and after recovering an old journal to reset it for
+ * subsequent use.
+ */
+
+static int journal_reset(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	unsigned long long first, last;
+
+	first = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first);
+	last = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
+	if (first + JBD2_MIN_JOURNAL_BLOCKS > last + 1) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Journal too short (blocks %llu-%llu).\n",
+		       first, last);
+		journal_fail_superblock(journal);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	journal->j_first = first;
+	journal->j_last = last;
+
+	if (journal->j_head != 0 && journal->j_flags & JBD2_CYCLE_RECORD) {
+		/*
+		 * Disable the cycled recording mode if the journal head block
+		 * number is not correct.
+		 */
+		if (journal->j_head < first || journal->j_head >= last) {
+			printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: Incorrect Journal head block %lu, "
+			       "disable journal_cycle_record\n",
+			       journal->j_head);
+			journal->j_head = journal->j_first;
+		}
+	} else {
+		journal->j_head = journal->j_first;
+	}
+	journal->j_tail = journal->j_head;
+	journal->j_free = journal->j_last - journal->j_first;
+
+	journal->j_tail_sequence = journal->j_transaction_sequence;
+	journal->j_commit_sequence = journal->j_transaction_sequence - 1;
+	journal->j_commit_request = journal->j_commit_sequence;
+
+	journal->j_max_transaction_buffers = jbd2_journal_get_max_txn_bufs(journal);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now that journal recovery is done, turn fast commits off here. This
+	 * way, if fast commit was enabled before the crash but if now FS has
+	 * disabled it, we don't enable fast commits.
+	 */
+	jbd2_clear_feature_fast_commit(journal);
+
+	/*
+	 * As a special case, if the on-disk copy is already marked as needing
+	 * no recovery (s_start == 0), then we can safely defer the superblock
+	 * update until the next commit by setting JBD2_FLUSHED.  This avoids
+	 * attempting a write to a potential-readonly device.
+	 */
+	if (sb->s_start == 0) {
+		jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: Skipping superblock update on recovered sb "
+			"(start %ld, seq %u, errno %d)\n",
+			journal->j_tail, journal->j_tail_sequence,
+			journal->j_errno);
+		journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FLUSHED;
+	} else {
+		/* Lock here to make assertions happy... */
+		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		/*
+		 * Update log tail information. We use REQ_FUA since new
+		 * transaction will start reusing journal space and so we
+		 * must make sure information about current log tail is on
+		 * disk before that.
+		 */
+		jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal,
+						journal->j_tail_sequence,
+						journal->j_tail, REQ_FUA);
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	}
+	return jbd2_journal_start_thread(journal);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function expects that the caller will have locked the journal
+ * buffer head, and will return with it unlocked
+ */
+static int jbd2_write_superblock(journal_t *journal, blk_opf_t write_flags)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh = journal->j_sb_buffer;
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/* Buffer got discarded which means block device got invalidated */
+	if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) {
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Always set high priority flags to exempt from block layer's
+	 * QOS policies, e.g. writeback throttle.
+	 */
+	write_flags |= JBD2_JOURNAL_REQ_FLAGS;
+	if (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
+		write_flags &= ~(REQ_FUA | REQ_PREFLUSH);
+
+	trace_jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_flags);
+
+	if (buffer_write_io_error(bh)) {
+		/*
+		 * Oh, dear.  A previous attempt to write the journal
+		 * superblock failed.  This could happen because the
+		 * USB device was yanked out.  Or it could happen to
+		 * be a transient write error and maybe the block will
+		 * be remapped.  Nothing we can do but to retry the
+		 * write and hope for the best.
+		 */
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: previous I/O error detected "
+		       "for journal superblock update for %s.\n",
+		       journal->j_devname);
+		clear_buffer_write_io_error(bh);
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	}
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
+		sb->s_checksum = jbd2_superblock_csum(journal, sb);
+	get_bh(bh);
+	bh->b_end_io = end_buffer_write_sync;
+	submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE | write_flags, bh);
+	wait_on_buffer(bh);
+	if (buffer_write_io_error(bh)) {
+		clear_buffer_write_io_error(bh);
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		ret = -EIO;
+	}
+	if (ret) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: I/O error when updating journal superblock for %s.\n",
+				journal->j_devname);
+		if (!is_journal_aborted(journal))
+			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, ret);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail() - Update log tail in journal sb on disk.
+ * @journal: The journal to update.
+ * @tail_tid: TID of the new transaction at the tail of the log
+ * @tail_block: The first block of the transaction at the tail of the log
+ * @write_flags: Flags for the journal sb write operation
+ *
+ * Update a journal's superblock information about log tail and write it to
+ * disk, waiting for the IO to complete.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tail_tid,
+				    unsigned long tail_block,
+				    blk_opf_t write_flags)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
+		return -EIO;
+	if (test_bit(JBD2_CHECKPOINT_IO_ERROR, &journal->j_atomic_flags)) {
+		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));
+	jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: updating superblock (start %lu, seq %u)\n",
+		  tail_block, tail_tid);
+
+	lock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+	sb->s_sequence = cpu_to_be32(tail_tid);
+	sb->s_start    = cpu_to_be32(tail_block);
+
+	ret = jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_flags);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Log is no longer empty */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	WARN_ON(!sb->s_sequence);
+	journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_FLUSHED;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_mark_journal_empty() - Mark on disk journal as empty.
+ * @journal: The journal to update.
+ * @write_flags: Flags for the journal sb write operation
+ *
+ * Update a journal's dynamic superblock fields to show that journal is empty.
+ * Write updated superblock to disk waiting for IO to complete.
+ */
+static void jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal_t *journal, blk_opf_t write_flags)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	bool had_fast_commit = false;
+
+	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));
+	lock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+	if (sb->s_start == 0) {		/* Is it already empty? */
+		unlock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: Marking journal as empty (seq %u)\n",
+		  journal->j_tail_sequence);
+
+	sb->s_sequence = cpu_to_be32(journal->j_tail_sequence);
+	sb->s_start    = cpu_to_be32(0);
+	sb->s_head     = cpu_to_be32(journal->j_head);
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_fast_commit(journal)) {
+		/*
+		 * When journal is clean, no need to commit fast commit flag and
+		 * make file system incompatible with older kernels.
+		 */
+		jbd2_clear_feature_fast_commit(journal);
+		had_fast_commit = true;
+	}
+
+	jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_flags);
+
+	if (had_fast_commit)
+		jbd2_set_feature_fast_commit(journal);
+
+	/* Log is no longer empty */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FLUSHED;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * __jbd2_journal_erase() - Discard or zeroout journal blocks (excluding superblock)
+ * @journal: The journal to erase.
+ * @flags: A discard/zeroout request is sent for each physically contigous
+ *	region of the journal. Either JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DISCARD or
+ *	JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_ZEROOUT must be set to determine which operation
+ *	to perform.
+ *
+ * Note: JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_ZEROOUT attempts to use hardware offload. Zeroes
+ * will be explicitly written if no hardware offload is available, see
+ * blkdev_issue_zeroout for more details.
+ */
+static int __jbd2_journal_erase(journal_t *journal, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	unsigned long block, log_offset; /* logical */
+	unsigned long long phys_block, block_start, block_stop; /* physical */
+	loff_t byte_start, byte_stop, byte_count;
+
+	/* flags must be set to either discard or zeroout */
+	if ((flags & ~JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_VALID) || !flags ||
+			((flags & JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DISCARD) &&
+			(flags & JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_ZEROOUT)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if ((flags & JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DISCARD) &&
+	    !bdev_max_discard_sectors(journal->j_dev))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	/*
+	 * lookup block mapping and issue discard/zeroout for each
+	 * contiguous region
+	 */
+	log_offset = be32_to_cpu(journal->j_superblock->s_first);
+	block_start =  ~0ULL;
+	for (block = log_offset; block < journal->j_total_len; block++) {
+		err = jbd2_journal_bmap(journal, block, &phys_block);
+		if (err) {
+			pr_err("JBD2: bad block at offset %lu", block);
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		if (block_start == ~0ULL) {
+			block_start = phys_block;
+			block_stop = block_start - 1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * last block not contiguous with current block,
+		 * process last contiguous region and return to this block on
+		 * next loop
+		 */
+		if (phys_block != block_stop + 1) {
+			block--;
+		} else {
+			block_stop++;
+			/*
+			 * if this isn't the last block of journal,
+			 * no need to process now because next block may also
+			 * be part of this contiguous region
+			 */
+			if (block != journal->j_total_len - 1)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * end of contiguous region or this is last block of journal,
+		 * take care of the region
+		 */
+		byte_start = block_start * journal->j_blocksize;
+		byte_stop = block_stop * journal->j_blocksize;
+		byte_count = (block_stop - block_start + 1) *
+				journal->j_blocksize;
+
+		truncate_inode_pages_range(journal->j_dev->bd_inode->i_mapping,
+				byte_start, byte_stop);
+
+		if (flags & JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DISCARD) {
+			err = blkdev_issue_discard(journal->j_dev,
+					byte_start >> SECTOR_SHIFT,
+					byte_count >> SECTOR_SHIFT,
+					GFP_NOFS);
+		} else if (flags & JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_ZEROOUT) {
+			err = blkdev_issue_zeroout(journal->j_dev,
+					byte_start >> SECTOR_SHIFT,
+					byte_count >> SECTOR_SHIFT,
+					GFP_NOFS, 0);
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
+			pr_err("JBD2: (error %d) unable to wipe journal at physical blocks %llu - %llu",
+					err, block_start, block_stop);
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		/* reset start and stop after processing a region */
+		block_start = ~0ULL;
+	}
+
+	return blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_dev);
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno() - Update error in the journal.
+ * @journal: The journal to update.
+ *
+ * Update a journal's errno.  Write updated superblock to disk waiting for IO
+ * to complete.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	int errcode;
+
+	lock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+	errcode = journal->j_errno;
+	if (errcode == -ESHUTDOWN)
+		errcode = 0;
+	jbd2_debug(1, "JBD2: updating superblock error (errno %d)\n", errcode);
+	sb->s_errno    = cpu_to_be32(errcode);
+
+	jbd2_write_superblock(journal, REQ_FUA);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno);
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_load() - Read journal from disk.
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ *
+ * Given a journal_t structure which tells us which disk blocks contain
+ * a journal, read the journal from disk to initialise the in-memory
+ * structures.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_load(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int err;
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create a slab for this blocksize
+	 */
+	err = jbd2_journal_create_slab(be32_to_cpu(sb->s_blocksize));
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Let the recovery code check whether it needs to recover any
+	 * data from the journal. */
+	err = jbd2_journal_recover(journal);
+	if (err) {
+		pr_warn("JBD2: journal recovery failed\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (journal->j_failed_commit) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: journal transaction %u on %s "
+		       "is corrupt.\n", journal->j_failed_commit,
+		       journal->j_devname);
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * clear JBD2_ABORT flag initialized in journal_init_common
+	 * here to update log tail information with the newest seq.
+	 */
+	journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_ABORT;
+
+	/* OK, we've finished with the dynamic journal bits:
+	 * reinitialise the dynamic contents of the superblock in memory
+	 * and reset them on disk. */
+	err = journal_reset(journal);
+	if (err) {
+		pr_warn("JBD2: journal reset failed\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	journal->j_flags |= JBD2_LOADED;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_destroy() - Release a journal_t structure.
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ *
+ * Release a journal_t structure once it is no longer in use by the
+ * journaled object.
+ * Return <0 if we couldn't clean up the journal.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_destroy(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	/* Wait for the commit thread to wake up and die. */
+	journal_kill_thread(journal);
+
+	/* Force a final log commit */
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction)
+		jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal);
+
+	/* Force any old transactions to disk */
+
+	/* Totally anal locking here... */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	while (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != NULL) {
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		err = jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal);
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		/*
+		 * If checkpointing failed, just free the buffers to avoid
+		 * looping forever
+		 */
+		if (err) {
+			jbd2_journal_destroy_checkpoint(journal);
+			spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+			break;
+		}
+		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	}
+
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL);
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * OK, all checkpoint transactions have been checked, now check the
+	 * write out io error flag and abort the journal if some buffer failed
+	 * to write back to the original location, otherwise the filesystem
+	 * may become inconsistent.
+	 */
+	if (!is_journal_aborted(journal) &&
+	    test_bit(JBD2_CHECKPOINT_IO_ERROR, &journal->j_atomic_flags))
+		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
+
+	if (journal->j_sb_buffer) {
+		if (!is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
+			mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+
+			write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+			journal->j_tail_sequence =
+				++journal->j_transaction_sequence;
+			write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+			jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA);
+			mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		} else
+			err = -EIO;
+		brelse(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+	}
+
+	if (journal->j_shrinker.flags & SHRINKER_REGISTERED) {
+		percpu_counter_destroy(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
+		unregister_shrinker(&journal->j_shrinker);
+	}
+	if (journal->j_proc_entry)
+		jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal);
+	iput(journal->j_inode);
+	if (journal->j_revoke)
+		jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke(journal);
+	if (journal->j_chksum_driver)
+		crypto_free_shash(journal->j_chksum_driver);
+	kfree(journal->j_fc_wbuf);
+	kfree(journal->j_wbuf);
+	kfree(journal);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_check_used_features() - Check if features specified are used.
+ * @journal: Journal to check.
+ * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
+ * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
+ * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
+ *
+ * Check whether the journal uses all of a given set of
+ * features.  Return true (non-zero) if it does.
+ **/
+
+int jbd2_journal_check_used_features(journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
+				 unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb;
+
+	if (!compat && !ro && !incompat)
+		return 1;
+	if (!jbd2_format_support_feature(journal))
+		return 0;
+
+	sb = journal->j_superblock;
+
+	if (((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_compat) & compat) == compat) &&
+	    ((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_ro_compat) & ro) == ro) &&
+	    ((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_incompat) & incompat) == incompat))
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_check_available_features() - Check feature set in journalling layer
+ * @journal: Journal to check.
+ * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
+ * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
+ * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
+ *
+ * Check whether the journaling code supports the use of
+ * all of a given set of features on this journal.  Return true
+ * (non-zero) if it can. */
+
+int jbd2_journal_check_available_features(journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
+				      unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
+{
+	if (!compat && !ro && !incompat)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!jbd2_format_support_feature(journal))
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((compat   & JBD2_KNOWN_COMPAT_FEATURES) == compat &&
+	    (ro       & JBD2_KNOWN_ROCOMPAT_FEATURES) == ro &&
+	    (incompat & JBD2_KNOWN_INCOMPAT_FEATURES) == incompat)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+jbd2_journal_initialize_fast_commit(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
+	unsigned long long num_fc_blks;
+
+	num_fc_blks = jbd2_journal_get_num_fc_blks(sb);
+	if (journal->j_last - num_fc_blks < JBD2_MIN_JOURNAL_BLOCKS)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	/* Are we called twice? */
+	WARN_ON(journal->j_fc_wbuf != NULL);
+	journal->j_fc_wbuf = kmalloc_array(num_fc_blks,
+				sizeof(struct buffer_head *), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!journal->j_fc_wbuf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	journal->j_fc_wbufsize = num_fc_blks;
+	journal->j_fc_last = journal->j_last;
+	journal->j_last = journal->j_fc_last - num_fc_blks;
+	journal->j_fc_first = journal->j_last + 1;
+	journal->j_fc_off = 0;
+	journal->j_free = journal->j_last - journal->j_first;
+	journal->j_max_transaction_buffers =
+		jbd2_journal_get_max_txn_bufs(journal);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_set_features() - Mark a given journal feature in the superblock
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
+ * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
+ * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
+ *
+ * Mark a given journal feature as present on the
+ * superblock.  Returns true if the requested features could be set.
+ *
+ */
+
+int jbd2_journal_set_features(journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
+			  unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
+{
+#define INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON(f) \
+		((incompat & (f)) && !(sb->s_feature_incompat & cpu_to_be32(f)))
+#define COMPAT_FEATURE_ON(f) \
+		((compat & (f)) && !(sb->s_feature_compat & cpu_to_be32(f)))
+	journal_superblock_t *sb;
+
+	if (jbd2_journal_check_used_features(journal, compat, ro, incompat))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!jbd2_journal_check_available_features(journal, compat, ro, incompat))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* If enabling v2 checksums, turn on v3 instead */
+	if (incompat & JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2) {
+		incompat &= ~JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2;
+		incompat |= JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3;
+	}
+
+	/* Asking for checksumming v3 and v1?  Only give them v3. */
+	if (incompat & JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3 &&
+	    compat & JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)
+		compat &= ~JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM;
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "Setting new features 0x%lx/0x%lx/0x%lx\n",
+		  compat, ro, incompat);
+
+	sb = journal->j_superblock;
+
+	if (incompat & JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FAST_COMMIT) {
+		if (jbd2_journal_initialize_fast_commit(journal)) {
+			pr_err("JBD2: Cannot enable fast commits.\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Load the checksum driver if necessary */
+	if ((journal->j_chksum_driver == NULL) &&
+	    INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON(JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3)) {
+		journal->j_chksum_driver = crypto_alloc_shash("crc32c", 0, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver)) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Cannot load crc32c driver.\n");
+			journal->j_chksum_driver = NULL;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* Precompute checksum seed for all metadata */
+		journal->j_csum_seed = jbd2_chksum(journal, ~0, sb->s_uuid,
+						   sizeof(sb->s_uuid));
+	}
+
+	lock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+
+	/* If enabling v3 checksums, update superblock */
+	if (INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON(JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3)) {
+		sb->s_checksum_type = JBD2_CRC32C_CHKSUM;
+		sb->s_feature_compat &=
+			~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM);
+	}
+
+	/* If enabling v1 checksums, downgrade superblock */
+	if (COMPAT_FEATURE_ON(JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM))
+		sb->s_feature_incompat &=
+			~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2 |
+				     JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3);
+
+	sb->s_feature_compat    |= cpu_to_be32(compat);
+	sb->s_feature_ro_compat |= cpu_to_be32(ro);
+	sb->s_feature_incompat  |= cpu_to_be32(incompat);
+	unlock_buffer(journal->j_sb_buffer);
+	journal->j_revoke_records_per_block =
+				journal_revoke_records_per_block(journal);
+
+	return 1;
+#undef COMPAT_FEATURE_ON
+#undef INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON
+}
+
+/*
+ * jbd2_journal_clear_features() - Clear a given journal feature in the
+ * 				    superblock
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
+ * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
+ * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
+ *
+ * Clear a given journal feature as present on the
+ * superblock.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_clear_features(journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
+				unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
+{
+	journal_superblock_t *sb;
+
+	jbd2_debug(1, "Clear features 0x%lx/0x%lx/0x%lx\n",
+		  compat, ro, incompat);
+
+	sb = journal->j_superblock;
+
+	sb->s_feature_compat    &= ~cpu_to_be32(compat);
+	sb->s_feature_ro_compat &= ~cpu_to_be32(ro);
+	sb->s_feature_incompat  &= ~cpu_to_be32(incompat);
+	journal->j_revoke_records_per_block =
+				journal_revoke_records_per_block(journal);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_clear_features);
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_flush() - Flush journal
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ * @flags: optional operation on the journal blocks after the flush (see below)
+ *
+ * Flush all data for a given journal to disk and empty the journal.
+ * Filesystems can use this when remounting readonly to ensure that
+ * recovery does not need to happen on remount. Optionally, a discard or zeroout
+ * can be issued on the journal blocks after flushing.
+ *
+ * flags:
+ *	JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DISCARD: issues discards for the journal blocks
+ *	JBD2_JOURNAL_FLUSH_ZEROOUT: issues zeroouts for the journal blocks
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_flush(journal_t *journal, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	transaction_t *transaction = NULL;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	/* Force everything buffered to the log... */
+	if (journal->j_running_transaction) {
+		transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+		__jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, transaction->t_tid);
+	} else if (journal->j_committing_transaction)
+		transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction;
+
+	/* Wait for the log commit to complete... */
+	if (transaction) {
+		tid_t tid = transaction->t_tid;
+
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
+	} else {
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	}
+
+	/* ...and flush everything in the log out to disk. */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	while (!err && journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != NULL) {
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		err = jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal);
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+
+	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Finally, mark the journal as really needing no recovery.
+	 * This sets s_start==0 in the underlying superblock, which is
+	 * the magic code for a fully-recovered superblock.  Any future
+	 * commits of data to the journal will restore the current
+	 * s_start value. */
+	jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, REQ_FUA);
+
+	if (flags)
+		err = __jbd2_journal_erase(journal, flags);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	J_ASSERT(!journal->j_running_transaction);
+	J_ASSERT(!journal->j_committing_transaction);
+	J_ASSERT(!journal->j_checkpoint_transactions);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_head == journal->j_tail);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_tail_sequence == journal->j_transaction_sequence);
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_wipe() - Wipe journal contents
+ * @journal: Journal to act on.
+ * @write: flag (see below)
+ *
+ * Wipe out all of the contents of a journal, safely.  This will produce
+ * a warning if the journal contains any valid recovery information.
+ * Must be called between journal_init_*() and jbd2_journal_load().
+ *
+ * If 'write' is non-zero, then we wipe out the journal on disk; otherwise
+ * we merely suppress recovery.
+ */
+
+int jbd2_journal_wipe(journal_t *journal, int write)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	J_ASSERT (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_LOADED));
+
+	if (!journal->j_tail)
+		return 0;
+
+	printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: %s recovery information on journal\n",
+		write ? "Clearing" : "Ignoring");
+
+	err = jbd2_journal_skip_recovery(journal);
+	if (write) {
+		/* Lock to make assertions happy... */
+		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, REQ_FUA);
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_abort () - Shutdown the journal immediately.
+ * @journal: the journal to shutdown.
+ * @errno:   an error number to record in the journal indicating
+ *           the reason for the shutdown.
+ *
+ * Perform a complete, immediate shutdown of the ENTIRE
+ * journal (not of a single transaction).  This operation cannot be
+ * undone without closing and reopening the journal.
+ *
+ * The jbd2_journal_abort function is intended to support higher level error
+ * recovery mechanisms such as the ext2/ext3 remount-readonly error
+ * mode.
+ *
+ * Journal abort has very specific semantics.  Any existing dirty,
+ * unjournaled buffers in the main filesystem will still be written to
+ * disk by bdflush, but the journaling mechanism will be suspended
+ * immediately and no further transaction commits will be honoured.
+ *
+ * Any dirty, journaled buffers will be written back to disk without
+ * hitting the journal.  Atomicity cannot be guaranteed on an aborted
+ * filesystem, but we _do_ attempt to leave as much data as possible
+ * behind for fsck to use for cleanup.
+ *
+ * Any attempt to get a new transaction handle on a journal which is in
+ * ABORT state will just result in an -EROFS error return.  A
+ * jbd2_journal_stop on an existing handle will return -EIO if we have
+ * entered abort state during the update.
+ *
+ * Recursive transactions are not disturbed by journal abort until the
+ * final jbd2_journal_stop, which will receive the -EIO error.
+ *
+ * Finally, the jbd2_journal_abort call allows the caller to supply an errno
+ * which will be recorded (if possible) in the journal superblock.  This
+ * allows a client to record failure conditions in the middle of a
+ * transaction without having to complete the transaction to record the
+ * failure to disk.  ext3_error, for example, now uses this
+ * functionality.
+ *
+ */
+
+void jbd2_journal_abort(journal_t *journal, int errno)
+{
+	transaction_t *transaction;
+
+	/*
+	 * Lock the aborting procedure until everything is done, this avoid
+	 * races between filesystem's error handling flow (e.g. ext4_abort()),
+	 * ensure panic after the error info is written into journal's
+	 * superblock.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&journal->j_abort_mutex);
+	/*
+	 * ESHUTDOWN always takes precedence because a file system check
+	 * caused by any other journal abort error is not required after
+	 * a shutdown triggered.
+	 */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT) {
+		int old_errno = journal->j_errno;
+
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		if (old_errno != -ESHUTDOWN && errno == -ESHUTDOWN) {
+			journal->j_errno = errno;
+			jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno(journal);
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_abort_mutex);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark the abort as occurred and start current running transaction
+	 * to release all journaled buffer.
+	 */
+	pr_err("Aborting journal on device %s.\n", journal->j_devname);
+
+	journal->j_flags |= JBD2_ABORT;
+	journal->j_errno = errno;
+	transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+	if (transaction)
+		__jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, transaction->t_tid);
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Record errno to the journal super block, so that fsck and jbd2
+	 * layer could realise that a filesystem check is needed.
+	 */
+	jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno(journal);
+	mutex_unlock(&journal->j_abort_mutex);
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_errno() - returns the journal's error state.
+ * @journal: journal to examine.
+ *
+ * This is the errno number set with jbd2_journal_abort(), the last
+ * time the journal was mounted - if the journal was stopped
+ * without calling abort this will be 0.
+ *
+ * If the journal has been aborted on this mount time -EROFS will
+ * be returned.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_errno(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
+		err = -EROFS;
+	else
+		err = journal->j_errno;
+	read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_clear_err() - clears the journal's error state
+ * @journal: journal to act on.
+ *
+ * An error must be cleared or acked to take a FS out of readonly
+ * mode.
+ */
+int jbd2_journal_clear_err(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
+		err = -EROFS;
+	else
+		journal->j_errno = 0;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jbd2_journal_ack_err() - Ack journal err.
+ * @journal: journal to act on.
+ *
+ * An error must be cleared or acked to take a FS out of readonly
+ * mode.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_ack_err(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (journal->j_errno)
+		journal->j_flags |= JBD2_ACK_ERR;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+}
+
+int jbd2_journal_blocks_per_page(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return 1 << (PAGE_SHIFT - inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+}
+
+/*
+ * helper functions to deal with 32 or 64bit block numbers.
+ */
+size_t journal_tag_bytes(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	size_t sz;
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_csum3(journal))
+		return sizeof(journal_block_tag3_t);
+
+	sz = sizeof(journal_block_tag_t);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_csum2(journal))
+		sz += sizeof(__u16);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_64bit(journal))
+		return sz;
+	else
+		return sz - sizeof(__u32);
+}
+
+/*
+ * JBD memory management
+ *
+ * These functions are used to allocate block-sized chunks of memory
+ * used for making copies of buffer_head data.  Very often it will be
+ * page-sized chunks of data, but sometimes it will be in
+ * sub-page-size chunks.  (For example, 16k pages on Power systems
+ * with a 4k block file system.)  For blocks smaller than a page, we
+ * use a SLAB allocator.  There are slab caches for each block size,
+ * which are allocated at mount time, if necessary, and we only free
+ * (all of) the slab caches when/if the jbd2 module is unloaded.  For
+ * this reason we don't need to a mutex to protect access to
+ * jbd2_slab[] allocating or releasing memory; only in
+ * jbd2_journal_create_slab().
+ */
+#define JBD2_MAX_SLABS 8
+static struct kmem_cache *jbd2_slab[JBD2_MAX_SLABS];
+
+static const char *jbd2_slab_names[JBD2_MAX_SLABS] = {
+	"jbd2_1k", "jbd2_2k", "jbd2_4k", "jbd2_8k",
+	"jbd2_16k", "jbd2_32k", "jbd2_64k", "jbd2_128k"
+};
+
+
+static void jbd2_journal_destroy_slabs(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < JBD2_MAX_SLABS; i++) {
+		kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_slab[i]);
+		jbd2_slab[i] = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int jbd2_journal_create_slab(size_t size)
+{
+	static DEFINE_MUTEX(jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
+	int i = order_base_2(size) - 10;
+	size_t slab_size;
+
+	if (size == PAGE_SIZE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (i >= JBD2_MAX_SLABS)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(i < 0))
+		i = 0;
+	mutex_lock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
+	if (jbd2_slab[i]) {
+		mutex_unlock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
+		return 0;	/* Already created */
+	}
+
+	slab_size = 1 << (i+10);
+	jbd2_slab[i] = kmem_cache_create(jbd2_slab_names[i], slab_size,
+					 slab_size, 0, NULL);
+	mutex_unlock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
+	if (!jbd2_slab[i]) {
+		printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: no memory for jbd2_slab cache\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct kmem_cache *get_slab(size_t size)
+{
+	int i = order_base_2(size) - 10;
+
+	BUG_ON(i >= JBD2_MAX_SLABS);
+	if (unlikely(i < 0))
+		i = 0;
+	BUG_ON(jbd2_slab[i] == NULL);
+	return jbd2_slab[i];
+}
+
+void *jbd2_alloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	BUG_ON(size & (size-1)); /* Must be a power of 2 */
+
+	if (size < PAGE_SIZE)
+		ptr = kmem_cache_alloc(get_slab(size), flags);
+	else
+		ptr = (void *)__get_free_pages(flags, get_order(size));
+
+	/* Check alignment; SLUB has gotten this wrong in the past,
+	 * and this can lead to user data corruption! */
+	BUG_ON(((unsigned long) ptr) & (size-1));
+
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+void jbd2_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	if (size < PAGE_SIZE)
+		kmem_cache_free(get_slab(size), ptr);
+	else
+		free_pages((unsigned long)ptr, get_order(size));
+};
+
+/*
+ * Journal_head storage management
+ */
+static struct kmem_cache *jbd2_journal_head_cache;
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+static atomic_t nr_journal_heads = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+#endif
+
+static int __init jbd2_journal_init_journal_head_cache(void)
+{
+	J_ASSERT(!jbd2_journal_head_cache);
+	jbd2_journal_head_cache = kmem_cache_create("jbd2_journal_head",
+				sizeof(struct journal_head),
+				0,		/* offset */
+				SLAB_TEMPORARY | SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU,
+				NULL);		/* ctor */
+	if (!jbd2_journal_head_cache) {
+		printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: no memory for journal_head cache\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void jbd2_journal_destroy_journal_head_cache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_journal_head_cache);
+	jbd2_journal_head_cache = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * journal_head splicing and dicing
+ */
+static struct journal_head *journal_alloc_journal_head(void)
+{
+	struct journal_head *ret;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+	atomic_inc(&nr_journal_heads);
+#endif
+	ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(jbd2_journal_head_cache, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ret) {
+		jbd2_debug(1, "out of memory for journal_head\n");
+		pr_notice_ratelimited("ENOMEM in %s, retrying.\n", __func__);
+		ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(jbd2_journal_head_cache,
+				GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+	}
+	if (ret)
+		spin_lock_init(&ret->b_state_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void journal_free_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+	atomic_dec(&nr_journal_heads);
+	memset(jh, JBD2_POISON_FREE, sizeof(*jh));
+#endif
+	kmem_cache_free(jbd2_journal_head_cache, jh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A journal_head is attached to a buffer_head whenever JBD has an
+ * interest in the buffer.
+ *
+ * Whenever a buffer has an attached journal_head, its ->b_state:BH_JBD bit
+ * is set.  This bit is tested in core kernel code where we need to take
+ * JBD-specific actions.  Testing the zeroness of ->b_private is not reliable
+ * there.
+ *
+ * When a buffer has its BH_JBD bit set, its ->b_count is elevated by one.
+ *
+ * When a buffer has its BH_JBD bit set it is immune from being released by
+ * core kernel code, mainly via ->b_count.
+ *
+ * A journal_head is detached from its buffer_head when the journal_head's
+ * b_jcount reaches zero. Running transaction (b_transaction) and checkpoint
+ * transaction (b_cp_transaction) hold their references to b_jcount.
+ *
+ * Various places in the kernel want to attach a journal_head to a buffer_head
+ * _before_ attaching the journal_head to a transaction.  To protect the
+ * journal_head in this situation, jbd2_journal_add_journal_head elevates the
+ * journal_head's b_jcount refcount by one.  The caller must call
+ * jbd2_journal_put_journal_head() to undo this.
+ *
+ * So the typical usage would be:
+ *
+ *	(Attach a journal_head if needed.  Increments b_jcount)
+ *	struct journal_head *jh = jbd2_journal_add_journal_head(bh);
+ *	...
+ *      (Get another reference for transaction)
+ *	jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head(bh);
+ *	jh->b_transaction = xxx;
+ *	(Put original reference)
+ *	jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Give a buffer_head a journal_head.
+ *
+ * May sleep.
+ */
+struct journal_head *jbd2_journal_add_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct journal_head *jh;
+	struct journal_head *new_jh = NULL;
+
+repeat:
+	if (!buffer_jbd(bh))
+		new_jh = journal_alloc_journal_head();
+
+	jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	if (buffer_jbd(bh)) {
+		jh = bh2jh(bh);
+	} else {
+		J_ASSERT_BH(bh,
+			(atomic_read(&bh->b_count) > 0) ||
+			(bh->b_folio && bh->b_folio->mapping));
+
+		if (!new_jh) {
+			jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+			goto repeat;
+		}
+
+		jh = new_jh;
+		new_jh = NULL;		/* We consumed it */
+		set_buffer_jbd(bh);
+		bh->b_private = jh;
+		jh->b_bh = bh;
+		get_bh(bh);
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "added journal_head");
+	}
+	jh->b_jcount++;
+	jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	if (new_jh)
+		journal_free_journal_head(new_jh);
+	return bh->b_private;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Grab a ref against this buffer_head's journal_head.  If it ended up not
+ * having a journal_head, return NULL
+ */
+struct journal_head *jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct journal_head *jh = NULL;
+
+	jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	if (buffer_jbd(bh)) {
+		jh = bh2jh(bh);
+		jh->b_jcount++;
+	}
+	jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	return jh;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head);
+
+static void __journal_remove_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct journal_head *jh = bh2jh(bh);
+
+	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_transaction == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_next_transaction == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_cp_transaction == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_jlist == BJ_None);
+	J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbd(bh));
+	J_ASSERT_BH(bh, jh2bh(jh) == bh);
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "remove journal_head");
+
+	/* Unlink before dropping the lock */
+	bh->b_private = NULL;
+	jh->b_bh = NULL;	/* debug, really */
+	clear_buffer_jbd(bh);
+}
+
+static void journal_release_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh, size_t b_size)
+{
+	if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: freeing b_frozen_data\n", __func__);
+		jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, b_size);
+	}
+	if (jh->b_committed_data) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: freeing b_committed_data\n", __func__);
+		jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, b_size);
+	}
+	journal_free_journal_head(jh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Drop a reference on the passed journal_head.  If it fell to zero then
+ * release the journal_head from the buffer_head.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
+
+	jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_jcount > 0);
+	--jh->b_jcount;
+	if (!jh->b_jcount) {
+		__journal_remove_journal_head(bh);
+		jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+		journal_release_journal_head(jh, bh->b_size);
+		__brelse(bh);
+	} else {
+		jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_put_journal_head);
+
+/*
+ * Initialize jbd inode head
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(struct jbd2_inode *jinode, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
+	jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
+	jinode->i_vfs_inode = inode;
+	jinode->i_flags = 0;
+	jinode->i_dirty_start = 0;
+	jinode->i_dirty_end = 0;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&jinode->i_list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function to be called before we start removing inode from memory (i.e.,
+ * clear_inode() is a fine place to be called from). It removes inode from
+ * transaction's lists.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_release_jbd_inode(journal_t *journal,
+				    struct jbd2_inode *jinode)
+{
+	if (!journal)
+		return;
+restart:
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	/* Is commit writing out inode - we have to wait */
+	if (jinode->i_flags & JI_COMMIT_RUNNING) {
+		wait_queue_head_t *wq;
+		DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wait, &jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
+		wq = bit_waitqueue(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
+		prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait.wq_entry, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		schedule();
+		finish_wait(wq, &wait.wq_entry);
+		goto restart;
+	}
+
+	if (jinode->i_transaction) {
+		list_del(&jinode->i_list);
+		jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+
+#define JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME "fs/jbd2"
+
+static void __init jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry(void)
+{
+	proc_jbd2_stats = proc_mkdir(JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME, NULL);
+}
+
+static void __exit jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry(void)
+{
+	if (proc_jbd2_stats)
+		remove_proc_entry(JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME, NULL);
+}
+
+#else
+
+#define jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry() do {} while (0)
+#define jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry() do {} while (0)
+
+#endif
+
+struct kmem_cache *jbd2_handle_cache, *jbd2_inode_cache;
+
+static int __init jbd2_journal_init_inode_cache(void)
+{
+	J_ASSERT(!jbd2_inode_cache);
+	jbd2_inode_cache = KMEM_CACHE(jbd2_inode, 0);
+	if (!jbd2_inode_cache) {
+		pr_emerg("JBD2: failed to create inode cache\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init jbd2_journal_init_handle_cache(void)
+{
+	J_ASSERT(!jbd2_handle_cache);
+	jbd2_handle_cache = KMEM_CACHE(jbd2_journal_handle, SLAB_TEMPORARY);
+	if (!jbd2_handle_cache) {
+		printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: failed to create handle cache\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void jbd2_journal_destroy_inode_cache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_inode_cache);
+	jbd2_inode_cache = NULL;
+}
+
+static void jbd2_journal_destroy_handle_cache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_handle_cache);
+	jbd2_handle_cache = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module startup and shutdown
+ */
+
+static int __init journal_init_caches(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = jbd2_journal_init_revoke_record_cache();
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = jbd2_journal_init_revoke_table_cache();
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = jbd2_journal_init_journal_head_cache();
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = jbd2_journal_init_handle_cache();
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = jbd2_journal_init_inode_cache();
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = jbd2_journal_init_transaction_cache();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void jbd2_journal_destroy_caches(void)
+{
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke_record_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke_table_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_journal_head_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_handle_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_inode_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_transaction_cache();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_slabs();
+}
+
+static int __init journal_init(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct journal_superblock_s) != 1024);
+
+	ret = journal_init_caches();
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry();
+	} else {
+		jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void __exit journal_exit(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
+	int n = atomic_read(&nr_journal_heads);
+	if (n)
+		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: leaked %d journal_heads!\n", n);
+#endif
+	jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry();
+	jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
+}
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+module_init(journal_init);
+module_exit(journal_exit);
+