Adding upstream version 6.6.15.upstream/6.6.15

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3944 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3069194527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3944 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2002,2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
+ * All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+#include "xfs.h"
+#include "xfs_fs.h"
+#include "xfs_format.h"
+#include "xfs_log_format.h"
+#include "xfs_shared.h"
+#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
+#include "xfs_bit.h"
+#include "xfs_mount.h"
+#include "xfs_defer.h"
+#include "xfs_btree.h"
+#include "xfs_rmap.h"
+#include "xfs_alloc_btree.h"
+#include "xfs_alloc.h"
+#include "xfs_extent_busy.h"
+#include "xfs_errortag.h"
+#include "xfs_error.h"
+#include "xfs_trace.h"
+#include "xfs_trans.h"
+#include "xfs_buf_item.h"
+#include "xfs_log.h"
+#include "xfs_ag.h"
+#include "xfs_ag_resv.h"
+#include "xfs_bmap.h"
+
+struct kmem_cache	*xfs_extfree_item_cache;
+
+struct workqueue_struct *xfs_alloc_wq;
+
+#define XFS_ABSDIFF(a,b)	(((a) <= (b)) ? ((b) - (a)) : ((a) - (b)))
+
+#define	XFSA_FIXUP_BNO_OK	1
+#define	XFSA_FIXUP_CNT_OK	2
+
+/*
+ * Size of the AGFL.  For CRC-enabled filesystes we steal a couple of slots in
+ * the beginning of the block for a proper header with the location information
+ * and CRC.
+ */
+unsigned int
+xfs_agfl_size(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
+{
+	unsigned int		size = mp->m_sb.sb_sectsize;
+
+	if (xfs_has_crc(mp))
+		size -= sizeof(struct xfs_agfl);
+
+	return size / sizeof(xfs_agblock_t);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+xfs_refc_block(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
+{
+	if (xfs_has_rmapbt(mp))
+		return XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+	if (xfs_has_finobt(mp))
+		return XFS_FIBT_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+	return XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+}
+
+xfs_extlen_t
+xfs_prealloc_blocks(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
+{
+	if (xfs_has_reflink(mp))
+		return xfs_refc_block(mp) + 1;
+	if (xfs_has_rmapbt(mp))
+		return XFS_RMAP_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+	if (xfs_has_finobt(mp))
+		return XFS_FIBT_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+	return XFS_IBT_BLOCK(mp) + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The number of blocks per AG that we withhold from xfs_mod_fdblocks to
+ * guarantee that we can refill the AGFL prior to allocating space in a nearly
+ * full AG.  Although the space described by the free space btrees, the
+ * blocks used by the freesp btrees themselves, and the blocks owned by the
+ * AGFL are counted in the ondisk fdblocks, it's a mistake to let the ondisk
+ * free space in the AG drop so low that the free space btrees cannot refill an
+ * empty AGFL up to the minimum level.  Rather than grind through empty AGs
+ * until the fs goes down, we subtract this many AG blocks from the incore
+ * fdblocks to ensure user allocation does not overcommit the space the
+ * filesystem needs for the AGFLs.  The rmap btree uses a per-AG reservation to
+ * withhold space from xfs_mod_fdblocks, so we do not account for that here.
+ */
+#define XFS_ALLOCBT_AGFL_RESERVE	4
+
+/*
+ * Compute the number of blocks that we set aside to guarantee the ability to
+ * refill the AGFL and handle a full bmap btree split.
+ *
+ * In order to avoid ENOSPC-related deadlock caused by out-of-order locking of
+ * AGF buffer (PV 947395), we place constraints on the relationship among
+ * actual allocations for data blocks, freelist blocks, and potential file data
+ * bmap btree blocks. However, these restrictions may result in no actual space
+ * allocated for a delayed extent, for example, a data block in a certain AG is
+ * allocated but there is no additional block for the additional bmap btree
+ * block due to a split of the bmap btree of the file. The result of this may
+ * lead to an infinite loop when the file gets flushed to disk and all delayed
+ * extents need to be actually allocated. To get around this, we explicitly set
+ * aside a few blocks which will not be reserved in delayed allocation.
+ *
+ * For each AG, we need to reserve enough blocks to replenish a totally empty
+ * AGFL and 4 more to handle a potential split of the file's bmap btree.
+ */
+unsigned int
+xfs_alloc_set_aside(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
+{
+	return mp->m_sb.sb_agcount * (XFS_ALLOCBT_AGFL_RESERVE + 4);
+}
+
+/*
+ * When deciding how much space to allocate out of an AG, we limit the
+ * allocation maximum size to the size the AG. However, we cannot use all the
+ * blocks in the AG - some are permanently used by metadata. These
+ * blocks are generally:
+ *	- the AG superblock, AGF, AGI and AGFL
+ *	- the AGF (bno and cnt) and AGI btree root blocks, and optionally
+ *	  the AGI free inode and rmap btree root blocks.
+ *	- blocks on the AGFL according to xfs_alloc_set_aside() limits
+ *	- the rmapbt root block
+ *
+ * The AG headers are sector sized, so the amount of space they take up is
+ * dependent on filesystem geometry. The others are all single blocks.
+ */
+unsigned int
+xfs_alloc_ag_max_usable(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
+{
+	unsigned int		blocks;
+
+	blocks = XFS_BB_TO_FSB(mp, XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 4)); /* ag headers */
+	blocks += XFS_ALLOCBT_AGFL_RESERVE;
+	blocks += 3;			/* AGF, AGI btree root blocks */
+	if (xfs_has_finobt(mp))
+		blocks++;		/* finobt root block */
+	if (xfs_has_rmapbt(mp))
+		blocks++;		/* rmap root block */
+	if (xfs_has_reflink(mp))
+		blocks++;		/* refcount root block */
+
+	return mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks - blocks;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup the record equal to [bno, len] in the btree given by cur.
+ */
+STATIC int				/* error */
+xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,	/* btree cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,	/* starting block of extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t		len,	/* length of extent */
+	int			*stat)	/* success/failure */
+{
+	int			error;
+
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_startblock = bno;
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_blockcount = len;
+	error = xfs_btree_lookup(cur, XFS_LOOKUP_EQ, stat);
+	cur->bc_ag.abt.active = (*stat == 1);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup the first record greater than or equal to [bno, len]
+ * in the btree given by cur.
+ */
+int				/* error */
+xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,	/* btree cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,	/* starting block of extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t		len,	/* length of extent */
+	int			*stat)	/* success/failure */
+{
+	int			error;
+
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_startblock = bno;
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_blockcount = len;
+	error = xfs_btree_lookup(cur, XFS_LOOKUP_GE, stat);
+	cur->bc_ag.abt.active = (*stat == 1);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup the first record less than or equal to [bno, len]
+ * in the btree given by cur.
+ */
+int					/* error */
+xfs_alloc_lookup_le(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,	/* btree cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,	/* starting block of extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t		len,	/* length of extent */
+	int			*stat)	/* success/failure */
+{
+	int			error;
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_startblock = bno;
+	cur->bc_rec.a.ar_blockcount = len;
+	error = xfs_btree_lookup(cur, XFS_LOOKUP_LE, stat);
+	cur->bc_ag.abt.active = (*stat == 1);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+xfs_alloc_cur_active(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur)
+{
+	return cur && cur->bc_ag.abt.active;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the record referred to by cur to the value given
+ * by [bno, len].
+ * This either works (return 0) or gets an EFSCORRUPTED error.
+ */
+STATIC int				/* error */
+xfs_alloc_update(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,	/* btree cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,	/* starting block of extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t		len)	/* length of extent */
+{
+	union xfs_btree_rec	rec;
+
+	rec.alloc.ar_startblock = cpu_to_be32(bno);
+	rec.alloc.ar_blockcount = cpu_to_be32(len);
+	return xfs_btree_update(cur, &rec);
+}
+
+/* Convert the ondisk btree record to its incore representation. */
+void
+xfs_alloc_btrec_to_irec(
+	const union xfs_btree_rec	*rec,
+	struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore	*irec)
+{
+	irec->ar_startblock = be32_to_cpu(rec->alloc.ar_startblock);
+	irec->ar_blockcount = be32_to_cpu(rec->alloc.ar_blockcount);
+}
+
+/* Simple checks for free space records. */
+xfs_failaddr_t
+xfs_alloc_check_irec(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
+	const struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore *irec)
+{
+	struct xfs_perag		*pag = cur->bc_ag.pag;
+
+	if (irec->ar_blockcount == 0)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	/* check for valid extent range, including overflow */
+	if (!xfs_verify_agbext(pag, irec->ar_startblock, irec->ar_blockcount))
+		return __this_address;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int
+xfs_alloc_complain_bad_rec(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
+	xfs_failaddr_t			fa,
+	const struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore *irec)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = cur->bc_mp;
+
+	xfs_warn(mp,
+		"%s Freespace BTree record corruption in AG %d detected at %pS!",
+		cur->bc_btnum == XFS_BTNUM_BNO ? "Block" : "Size",
+		cur->bc_ag.pag->pag_agno, fa);
+	xfs_warn(mp,
+		"start block 0x%x block count 0x%x", irec->ar_startblock,
+		irec->ar_blockcount);
+	return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the data from the pointed-to record.
+ */
+int					/* error */
+xfs_alloc_get_rec(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,	/* btree cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		*bno,	/* output: starting block of extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t		*len,	/* output: length of extent */
+	int			*stat)	/* output: success/failure */
+{
+	struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore irec;
+	union xfs_btree_rec	*rec;
+	xfs_failaddr_t		fa;
+	int			error;
+
+	error = xfs_btree_get_rec(cur, &rec, stat);
+	if (error || !(*stat))
+		return error;
+
+	xfs_alloc_btrec_to_irec(rec, &irec);
+	fa = xfs_alloc_check_irec(cur, &irec);
+	if (fa)
+		return xfs_alloc_complain_bad_rec(cur, fa, &irec);
+
+	*bno = irec.ar_startblock;
+	*len = irec.ar_blockcount;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute aligned version of the found extent.
+ * Takes alignment and min length into account.
+ */
+STATIC bool
+xfs_alloc_compute_aligned(
+	xfs_alloc_arg_t	*args,		/* allocation argument structure */
+	xfs_agblock_t	foundbno,	/* starting block in found extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t	foundlen,	/* length in found extent */
+	xfs_agblock_t	*resbno,	/* result block number */
+	xfs_extlen_t	*reslen,	/* result length */
+	unsigned	*busy_gen)
+{
+	xfs_agblock_t	bno = foundbno;
+	xfs_extlen_t	len = foundlen;
+	xfs_extlen_t	diff;
+	bool		busy;
+
+	/* Trim busy sections out of found extent */
+	busy = xfs_extent_busy_trim(args, &bno, &len, busy_gen);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a largish extent that happens to start before min_agbno,
+	 * see if we can shift it into range...
+	 */
+	if (bno < args->min_agbno && bno + len > args->min_agbno) {
+		diff = args->min_agbno - bno;
+		if (len > diff) {
+			bno += diff;
+			len -= diff;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->alignment > 1 && len >= args->minlen) {
+		xfs_agblock_t	aligned_bno = roundup(bno, args->alignment);
+
+		diff = aligned_bno - bno;
+
+		*resbno = aligned_bno;
+		*reslen = diff >= len ? 0 : len - diff;
+	} else {
+		*resbno = bno;
+		*reslen = len;
+	}
+
+	return busy;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute best start block and diff for "near" allocations.
+ * freelen >= wantlen already checked by caller.
+ */
+STATIC xfs_extlen_t			/* difference value (absolute) */
+xfs_alloc_compute_diff(
+	xfs_agblock_t	wantbno,	/* target starting block */
+	xfs_extlen_t	wantlen,	/* target length */
+	xfs_extlen_t	alignment,	/* target alignment */
+	int		datatype,	/* are we allocating data? */
+	xfs_agblock_t	freebno,	/* freespace's starting block */
+	xfs_extlen_t	freelen,	/* freespace's length */
+	xfs_agblock_t	*newbnop)	/* result: best start block from free */
+{
+	xfs_agblock_t	freeend;	/* end of freespace extent */
+	xfs_agblock_t	newbno1;	/* return block number */
+	xfs_agblock_t	newbno2;	/* other new block number */
+	xfs_extlen_t	newlen1=0;	/* length with newbno1 */
+	xfs_extlen_t	newlen2=0;	/* length with newbno2 */
+	xfs_agblock_t	wantend;	/* end of target extent */
+	bool		userdata = datatype & XFS_ALLOC_USERDATA;
+
+	ASSERT(freelen >= wantlen);
+	freeend = freebno + freelen;
+	wantend = wantbno + wantlen;
+	/*
+	 * We want to allocate from the start of a free extent if it is past
+	 * the desired block or if we are allocating user data and the free
+	 * extent is before desired block. The second case is there to allow
+	 * for contiguous allocation from the remaining free space if the file
+	 * grows in the short term.
+	 */
+	if (freebno >= wantbno || (userdata && freeend < wantend)) {
+		if ((newbno1 = roundup(freebno, alignment)) >= freeend)
+			newbno1 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	} else if (freeend >= wantend && alignment > 1) {
+		newbno1 = roundup(wantbno, alignment);
+		newbno2 = newbno1 - alignment;
+		if (newbno1 >= freeend)
+			newbno1 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		else
+			newlen1 = XFS_EXTLEN_MIN(wantlen, freeend - newbno1);
+		if (newbno2 < freebno)
+			newbno2 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		else
+			newlen2 = XFS_EXTLEN_MIN(wantlen, freeend - newbno2);
+		if (newbno1 != NULLAGBLOCK && newbno2 != NULLAGBLOCK) {
+			if (newlen1 < newlen2 ||
+			    (newlen1 == newlen2 &&
+			     XFS_ABSDIFF(newbno1, wantbno) >
+			     XFS_ABSDIFF(newbno2, wantbno)))
+				newbno1 = newbno2;
+		} else if (newbno2 != NULLAGBLOCK)
+			newbno1 = newbno2;
+	} else if (freeend >= wantend) {
+		newbno1 = wantbno;
+	} else if (alignment > 1) {
+		newbno1 = roundup(freeend - wantlen, alignment);
+		if (newbno1 > freeend - wantlen &&
+		    newbno1 - alignment >= freebno)
+			newbno1 -= alignment;
+		else if (newbno1 >= freeend)
+			newbno1 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	} else
+		newbno1 = freeend - wantlen;
+	*newbnop = newbno1;
+	return newbno1 == NULLAGBLOCK ? 0 : XFS_ABSDIFF(newbno1, wantbno);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fix up the length, based on mod and prod.
+ * len should be k * prod + mod for some k.
+ * If len is too small it is returned unchanged.
+ * If len hits maxlen it is left alone.
+ */
+STATIC void
+xfs_alloc_fix_len(
+	xfs_alloc_arg_t	*args)		/* allocation argument structure */
+{
+	xfs_extlen_t	k;
+	xfs_extlen_t	rlen;
+
+	ASSERT(args->mod < args->prod);
+	rlen = args->len;
+	ASSERT(rlen >= args->minlen);
+	ASSERT(rlen <= args->maxlen);
+	if (args->prod <= 1 || rlen < args->mod || rlen == args->maxlen ||
+	    (args->mod == 0 && rlen < args->prod))
+		return;
+	k = rlen % args->prod;
+	if (k == args->mod)
+		return;
+	if (k > args->mod)
+		rlen = rlen - (k - args->mod);
+	else
+		rlen = rlen - args->prod + (args->mod - k);
+	/* casts to (int) catch length underflows */
+	if ((int)rlen < (int)args->minlen)
+		return;
+	ASSERT(rlen >= args->minlen && rlen <= args->maxlen);
+	ASSERT(rlen % args->prod == args->mod);
+	ASSERT(args->pag->pagf_freeblks + args->pag->pagf_flcount >=
+		rlen + args->minleft);
+	args->len = rlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the two btrees, logically removing from freespace the extent
+ * starting at rbno, rlen blocks.  The extent is contained within the
+ * actual (current) free extent fbno for flen blocks.
+ * Flags are passed in indicating whether the cursors are set to the
+ * relevant records.
+ */
+STATIC int				/* error code */
+xfs_alloc_fixup_trees(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur *cnt_cur,	/* cursor for by-size btree */
+	struct xfs_btree_cur *bno_cur,	/* cursor for by-block btree */
+	xfs_agblock_t	fbno,		/* starting block of free extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t	flen,		/* length of free extent */
+	xfs_agblock_t	rbno,		/* starting block of returned extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t	rlen,		/* length of returned extent */
+	int		flags)		/* flags, XFSA_FIXUP_... */
+{
+	int		error;		/* error code */
+	int		i;		/* operation results */
+	xfs_agblock_t	nfbno1;		/* first new free startblock */
+	xfs_agblock_t	nfbno2;		/* second new free startblock */
+	xfs_extlen_t	nflen1=0;	/* first new free length */
+	xfs_extlen_t	nflen2=0;	/* second new free length */
+	struct xfs_mount *mp;
+
+	mp = cnt_cur->bc_mp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look up the record in the by-size tree if necessary.
+	 */
+	if (flags & XFSA_FIXUP_CNT_OK) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cnt_cur, &nfbno1, &nflen1, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp,
+				   i != 1 ||
+				   nfbno1 != fbno ||
+				   nflen1 != flen))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+#endif
+	} else {
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, fbno, flen, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Look up the record in the by-block tree if necessary.
+	 */
+	if (flags & XFSA_FIXUP_BNO_OK) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(bno_cur, &nfbno1, &nflen1, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp,
+				   i != 1 ||
+				   nfbno1 != fbno ||
+				   nflen1 != flen))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+#endif
+	} else {
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(bno_cur, fbno, flen, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	if (bno_cur->bc_nlevels == 1 && cnt_cur->bc_nlevels == 1) {
+		struct xfs_btree_block	*bnoblock;
+		struct xfs_btree_block	*cntblock;
+
+		bnoblock = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(bno_cur->bc_levels[0].bp);
+		cntblock = XFS_BUF_TO_BLOCK(cnt_cur->bc_levels[0].bp);
+
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp,
+				   bnoblock->bb_numrecs !=
+				   cntblock->bb_numrecs))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Deal with all four cases: the allocated record is contained
+	 * within the freespace record, so we can have new freespace
+	 * at either (or both) end, or no freespace remaining.
+	 */
+	if (rbno == fbno && rlen == flen)
+		nfbno1 = nfbno2 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	else if (rbno == fbno) {
+		nfbno1 = rbno + rlen;
+		nflen1 = flen - rlen;
+		nfbno2 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	} else if (rbno + rlen == fbno + flen) {
+		nfbno1 = fbno;
+		nflen1 = flen - rlen;
+		nfbno2 = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	} else {
+		nfbno1 = fbno;
+		nflen1 = rbno - fbno;
+		nfbno2 = rbno + rlen;
+		nflen2 = (fbno + flen) - nfbno2;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Delete the entry from the by-size btree.
+	 */
+	if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(cnt_cur, &i)))
+		return error;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	/*
+	 * Add new by-size btree entry(s).
+	 */
+	if (nfbno1 != NULLAGBLOCK) {
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, nfbno1, nflen1, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 0))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_insert(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+	if (nfbno2 != NULLAGBLOCK) {
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, nfbno2, nflen2, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 0))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_insert(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Fix up the by-block btree entry(s).
+	 */
+	if (nfbno1 == NULLAGBLOCK) {
+		/*
+		 * No remaining freespace, just delete the by-block tree entry.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(bno_cur, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Update the by-block entry to start later|be shorter.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_update(bno_cur, nfbno1, nflen1)))
+			return error;
+	}
+	if (nfbno2 != NULLAGBLOCK) {
+		/*
+		 * 2 resulting free entries, need to add one.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(bno_cur, nfbno2, nflen2, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 0))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_insert(bno_cur, &i)))
+			return error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1))
+			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We do not verify the AGFL contents against AGF-based index counters here,
+ * even though we may have access to the perag that contains shadow copies. We
+ * don't know if the AGF based counters have been checked, and if they have they
+ * still may be inconsistent because they haven't yet been reset on the first
+ * allocation after the AGF has been read in.
+ *
+ * This means we can only check that all agfl entries contain valid or null
+ * values because we can't reliably determine the active range to exclude
+ * NULLAGBNO as a valid value.
+ *
+ * However, we can't even do that for v4 format filesystems because there are
+ * old versions of mkfs out there that does not initialise the AGFL to known,
+ * verifiable values. HEnce we can't tell the difference between a AGFL block
+ * allocated by mkfs and a corrupted AGFL block here on v4 filesystems.
+ *
+ * As a result, we can only fully validate AGFL block numbers when we pull them
+ * from the freelist in xfs_alloc_get_freelist().
+ */
+static xfs_failaddr_t
+xfs_agfl_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount *mp = bp->b_mount;
+	struct xfs_agfl	*agfl = XFS_BUF_TO_AGFL(bp);
+	__be32		*agfl_bno = xfs_buf_to_agfl_bno(bp);
+	int		i;
+
+	if (!xfs_has_crc(mp))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!xfs_verify_magic(bp, agfl->agfl_magicnum))
+		return __this_address;
+	if (!uuid_equal(&agfl->agfl_uuid, &mp->m_sb.sb_meta_uuid))
+		return __this_address;
+	/*
+	 * during growfs operations, the perag is not fully initialised,
+	 * so we can't use it for any useful checking. growfs ensures we can't
+	 * use it by using uncached buffers that don't have the perag attached
+	 * so we can detect and avoid this problem.
+	 */
+	if (bp->b_pag && be32_to_cpu(agfl->agfl_seqno) != bp->b_pag->pag_agno)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < xfs_agfl_size(mp); i++) {
+		if (be32_to_cpu(agfl_bno[i]) != NULLAGBLOCK &&
+		    be32_to_cpu(agfl_bno[i]) >= mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks)
+			return __this_address;
+	}
+
+	if (!xfs_log_check_lsn(mp, be64_to_cpu(XFS_BUF_TO_AGFL(bp)->agfl_lsn)))
+		return __this_address;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+xfs_agfl_read_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount *mp = bp->b_mount;
+	xfs_failaddr_t	fa;
+
+	/*
+	 * There is no verification of non-crc AGFLs because mkfs does not
+	 * initialise the AGFL to zero or NULL. Hence the only valid part of the
+	 * AGFL is what the AGF says is active. We can't get to the AGF, so we
+	 * can't verify just those entries are valid.
+	 */
+	if (!xfs_has_crc(mp))
+		return;
+
+	if (!xfs_buf_verify_cksum(bp, XFS_AGFL_CRC_OFF))
+		xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSBADCRC, __this_address);
+	else {
+		fa = xfs_agfl_verify(bp);
+		if (fa)
+			xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSCORRUPTED, fa);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+xfs_agfl_write_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = bp->b_mount;
+	struct xfs_buf_log_item	*bip = bp->b_log_item;
+	xfs_failaddr_t		fa;
+
+	/* no verification of non-crc AGFLs */
+	if (!xfs_has_crc(mp))
+		return;
+
+	fa = xfs_agfl_verify(bp);
+	if (fa) {
+		xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSCORRUPTED, fa);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (bip)
+		XFS_BUF_TO_AGFL(bp)->agfl_lsn = cpu_to_be64(bip->bli_item.li_lsn);
+
+	xfs_buf_update_cksum(bp, XFS_AGFL_CRC_OFF);
+}
+
+const struct xfs_buf_ops xfs_agfl_buf_ops = {
+	.name = "xfs_agfl",
+	.magic = { cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGFL_MAGIC), cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGFL_MAGIC) },
+	.verify_read = xfs_agfl_read_verify,
+	.verify_write = xfs_agfl_write_verify,
+	.verify_struct = xfs_agfl_verify,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Read in the allocation group free block array.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_read_agfl(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		**bpp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = pag->pag_mount;
+	struct xfs_buf		*bp;
+	int			error;
+
+	error = xfs_trans_read_buf(
+			mp, tp, mp->m_ddev_targp,
+			XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, pag->pag_agno, XFS_AGFL_DADDR(mp)),
+			XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1), 0, &bp, &xfs_agfl_buf_ops);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	xfs_buf_set_ref(bp, XFS_AGFL_REF);
+	*bpp = bp;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_update_counters(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	long			len)
+{
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = agbp->b_addr;
+
+	agbp->b_pag->pagf_freeblks += len;
+	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_freeblks, len);
+
+	if (unlikely(be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_freeblks) >
+		     be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length))) {
+		xfs_buf_mark_corrupt(agbp);
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+	}
+
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, XFS_AGF_FREEBLKS);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Block allocation algorithm and data structures.
+ */
+struct xfs_alloc_cur {
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cnt;	/* btree cursors */
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*bnolt;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*bnogt;
+	xfs_extlen_t			cur_len;/* current search length */
+	xfs_agblock_t			rec_bno;/* extent startblock */
+	xfs_extlen_t			rec_len;/* extent length */
+	xfs_agblock_t			bno;	/* alloc bno */
+	xfs_extlen_t			len;	/* alloc len */
+	xfs_extlen_t			diff;	/* diff from search bno */
+	unsigned int			busy_gen;/* busy state */
+	bool				busy;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Set up cursors, etc. in the extent allocation cursor. This function can be
+ * called multiple times to reset an initialized structure without having to
+ * reallocate cursors.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_cur_setup(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur)
+{
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+
+	acur->cur_len = args->maxlen;
+	acur->rec_bno = 0;
+	acur->rec_len = 0;
+	acur->bno = 0;
+	acur->len = 0;
+	acur->diff = -1;
+	acur->busy = false;
+	acur->busy_gen = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Perform an initial cntbt lookup to check for availability of maxlen
+	 * extents. If this fails, we'll return -ENOSPC to signal the caller to
+	 * attempt a small allocation.
+	 */
+	if (!acur->cnt)
+		acur->cnt = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp,
+					args->agbp, args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_CNT);
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(acur->cnt, 0, args->maxlen, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the bnobt left and right search cursors.
+	 */
+	if (!acur->bnolt)
+		acur->bnolt = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp,
+					args->agbp, args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	if (!acur->bnogt)
+		acur->bnogt = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp,
+					args->agbp, args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	return i == 1 ? 0 : -ENOSPC;
+}
+
+static void
+xfs_alloc_cur_close(
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur,
+	bool			error)
+{
+	int			cur_error = XFS_BTREE_NOERROR;
+
+	if (error)
+		cur_error = XFS_BTREE_ERROR;
+
+	if (acur->cnt)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(acur->cnt, cur_error);
+	if (acur->bnolt)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(acur->bnolt, cur_error);
+	if (acur->bnogt)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(acur->bnogt, cur_error);
+	acur->cnt = acur->bnolt = acur->bnogt = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check an extent for allocation and track the best available candidate in the
+ * allocation structure. The cursor is deactivated if it has entered an out of
+ * range state based on allocation arguments. Optionally return the extent
+ * extent geometry and allocation status if requested by the caller.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_cur_check(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur,
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,
+	int			*new)
+{
+	int			error, i;
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno, bnoa, bnew;
+	xfs_extlen_t		len, lena, diff = -1;
+	bool			busy;
+	unsigned		busy_gen = 0;
+	bool			deactivate = false;
+	bool			isbnobt = cur->bc_btnum == XFS_BTNUM_BNO;
+
+	*new = 0;
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cur, &bno, &len, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1))
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check minlen and deactivate a cntbt cursor if out of acceptable size
+	 * range (i.e., walking backwards looking for a minlen extent).
+	 */
+	if (len < args->minlen) {
+		deactivate = !isbnobt;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	busy = xfs_alloc_compute_aligned(args, bno, len, &bnoa, &lena,
+					 &busy_gen);
+	acur->busy |= busy;
+	if (busy)
+		acur->busy_gen = busy_gen;
+	/* deactivate a bnobt cursor outside of locality range */
+	if (bnoa < args->min_agbno || bnoa > args->max_agbno) {
+		deactivate = isbnobt;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (lena < args->minlen)
+		goto out;
+
+	args->len = XFS_EXTLEN_MIN(lena, args->maxlen);
+	xfs_alloc_fix_len(args);
+	ASSERT(args->len >= args->minlen);
+	if (args->len < acur->len)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * We have an aligned record that satisfies minlen and beats or matches
+	 * the candidate extent size. Compare locality for near allocation mode.
+	 */
+	diff = xfs_alloc_compute_diff(args->agbno, args->len,
+				      args->alignment, args->datatype,
+				      bnoa, lena, &bnew);
+	if (bnew == NULLAGBLOCK)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Deactivate a bnobt cursor with worse locality than the current best.
+	 */
+	if (diff > acur->diff) {
+		deactivate = isbnobt;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ASSERT(args->len > acur->len ||
+	       (args->len == acur->len && diff <= acur->diff));
+	acur->rec_bno = bno;
+	acur->rec_len = len;
+	acur->bno = bnew;
+	acur->len = args->len;
+	acur->diff = diff;
+	*new = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * We're done if we found a perfect allocation. This only deactivates
+	 * the current cursor, but this is just an optimization to terminate a
+	 * cntbt search that otherwise runs to the edge of the tree.
+	 */
+	if (acur->diff == 0 && acur->len == args->maxlen)
+		deactivate = true;
+out:
+	if (deactivate)
+		cur->bc_ag.abt.active = false;
+	trace_xfs_alloc_cur_check(args->mp, cur->bc_btnum, bno, len, diff,
+				  *new);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Complete an allocation of a candidate extent. Remove the extent from both
+ * trees and update the args structure.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_cur_finish(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur)
+{
+	struct xfs_agf __maybe_unused *agf = args->agbp->b_addr;
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(acur->cnt && acur->bnolt);
+	ASSERT(acur->bno >= acur->rec_bno);
+	ASSERT(acur->bno + acur->len <= acur->rec_bno + acur->rec_len);
+	ASSERT(acur->rec_bno + acur->rec_len <= be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length));
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_fixup_trees(acur->cnt, acur->bnolt, acur->rec_bno,
+				      acur->rec_len, acur->bno, acur->len, 0);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	args->agbno = acur->bno;
+	args->len = acur->len;
+	args->wasfromfl = 0;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_cur(args);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Locality allocation lookup algorithm. This expects a cntbt cursor and uses
+ * bno optimized lookup to search for extents with ideal size and locality.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_cntbt_iter(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg		*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur		*acur)
+{
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur = acur->cnt;
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno;
+	xfs_extlen_t		len, cur_len;
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+
+	if (!xfs_alloc_cur_active(cur))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* locality optimized lookup */
+	cur_len = acur->cur_len;
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(cur, args->agbno, cur_len, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	if (i == 0)
+		return 0;
+	error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cur, &bno, &len, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/* check the current record and update search length from it */
+	error = xfs_alloc_cur_check(args, acur, cur, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	ASSERT(len >= acur->cur_len);
+	acur->cur_len = len;
+
+	/*
+	 * We looked up the first record >= [agbno, len] above. The agbno is a
+	 * secondary key and so the current record may lie just before or after
+	 * agbno. If it is past agbno, check the previous record too so long as
+	 * the length matches as it may be closer. Don't check a smaller record
+	 * because that could deactivate our cursor.
+	 */
+	if (bno > args->agbno) {
+		error = xfs_btree_decrement(cur, 0, &i);
+		if (!error && i) {
+			error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cur, &bno, &len, &i);
+			if (!error && i && len == acur->cur_len)
+				error = xfs_alloc_cur_check(args, acur, cur,
+							    &i);
+		}
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Increment the search key until we find at least one allocation
+	 * candidate or if the extent we found was larger. Otherwise, double the
+	 * search key to optimize the search. Efficiency is more important here
+	 * than absolute best locality.
+	 */
+	cur_len <<= 1;
+	if (!acur->len || acur->cur_len >= cur_len)
+		acur->cur_len++;
+	else
+		acur->cur_len = cur_len;
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Deal with the case where only small freespaces remain. Either return the
+ * contents of the last freespace record, or allocate space from the freelist if
+ * there is nothing in the tree.
+ */
+STATIC int			/* error */
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_small(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,	/* allocation argument structure */
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*ccur,	/* optional by-size cursor */
+	xfs_agblock_t		*fbnop,	/* result block number */
+	xfs_extlen_t		*flenp,	/* result length */
+	int			*stat)	/* status: 0-freelist, 1-normal/none */
+{
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = args->agbp->b_addr;
+	int			error = 0;
+	xfs_agblock_t		fbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	xfs_extlen_t		flen = 0;
+	int			i = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If a cntbt cursor is provided, try to allocate the largest record in
+	 * the tree. Try the AGFL if the cntbt is empty, otherwise fail the
+	 * allocation. Make sure to respect minleft even when pulling from the
+	 * freelist.
+	 */
+	if (ccur)
+		error = xfs_btree_decrement(ccur, 0, &i);
+	if (error)
+		goto error;
+	if (i) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(ccur, &fbno, &flen, &i);
+		if (error)
+			goto error;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error;
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (args->minlen != 1 || args->alignment != 1 ||
+	    args->resv == XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount) <= args->minleft)
+		goto out;
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_get_freelist(args->pag, args->tp, args->agbp,
+			&fbno, 0);
+	if (error)
+		goto error;
+	if (fbno == NULLAGBLOCK)
+		goto out;
+
+	xfs_extent_busy_reuse(args->mp, args->pag, fbno, 1,
+			      (args->datatype & XFS_ALLOC_NOBUSY));
+
+	if (args->datatype & XFS_ALLOC_USERDATA) {
+		struct xfs_buf	*bp;
+
+		error = xfs_trans_get_buf(args->tp, args->mp->m_ddev_targp,
+				XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(args->mp, args->agno, fbno),
+				args->mp->m_bsize, 0, &bp);
+		if (error)
+			goto error;
+		xfs_trans_binval(args->tp, bp);
+	}
+	*fbnop = args->agbno = fbno;
+	*flenp = args->len = 1;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, fbno >= be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length))) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	args->wasfromfl = 1;
+	trace_xfs_alloc_small_freelist(args);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we're feeding an AGFL block to something that doesn't live in the
+	 * free space, we need to clear out the OWN_AG rmap.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_rmap_free(args->tp, args->agbp, args->pag, fbno, 1,
+			      &XFS_RMAP_OINFO_AG);
+	if (error)
+		goto error;
+
+	*stat = 0;
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	/*
+	 * Can't do the allocation, give up.
+	 */
+	if (flen < args->minlen) {
+		args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		trace_xfs_alloc_small_notenough(args);
+		flen = 0;
+	}
+	*fbnop = fbno;
+	*flenp = flen;
+	*stat = 1;
+	trace_xfs_alloc_small_done(args);
+	return 0;
+
+error:
+	trace_xfs_alloc_small_error(args);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a variable extent at exactly agno/bno.
+ * Extent's length (returned in *len) will be between minlen and maxlen,
+ * and of the form k * prod + mod unless there's nothing that large.
+ * Return the starting a.g. block (bno), or NULLAGBLOCK if we can't do it.
+ */
+STATIC int			/* error */
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_exact(
+	xfs_alloc_arg_t	*args)	/* allocation argument structure */
+{
+	struct xfs_agf __maybe_unused *agf = args->agbp->b_addr;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur *bno_cur;/* by block-number btree cursor */
+	struct xfs_btree_cur *cnt_cur;/* by count btree cursor */
+	int		error;
+	xfs_agblock_t	fbno;	/* start block of found extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t	flen;	/* length of found extent */
+	xfs_agblock_t	tbno;	/* start block of busy extent */
+	xfs_extlen_t	tlen;	/* length of busy extent */
+	xfs_agblock_t	tend;	/* end block of busy extent */
+	int		i;	/* success/failure of operation */
+	unsigned	busy_gen;
+
+	ASSERT(args->alignment == 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate/initialize a cursor for the by-number freespace btree.
+	 */
+	bno_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp, args->agbp,
+					  args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+
+	/*
+	 * Lookup bno and minlen in the btree (minlen is irrelevant, really).
+	 * Look for the closest free block <= bno, it must contain bno
+	 * if any free block does.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_le(bno_cur, args->agbno, args->minlen, &i);
+	if (error)
+		goto error0;
+	if (!i)
+		goto not_found;
+
+	/*
+	 * Grab the freespace record.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(bno_cur, &fbno, &flen, &i);
+	if (error)
+		goto error0;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1)) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	ASSERT(fbno <= args->agbno);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for overlapping busy extents.
+	 */
+	tbno = fbno;
+	tlen = flen;
+	xfs_extent_busy_trim(args, &tbno, &tlen, &busy_gen);
+
+	/*
+	 * Give up if the start of the extent is busy, or the freespace isn't
+	 * long enough for the minimum request.
+	 */
+	if (tbno > args->agbno)
+		goto not_found;
+	if (tlen < args->minlen)
+		goto not_found;
+	tend = tbno + tlen;
+	if (tend < args->agbno + args->minlen)
+		goto not_found;
+
+	/*
+	 * End of extent will be smaller of the freespace end and the
+	 * maximal requested end.
+	 *
+	 * Fix the length according to mod and prod if given.
+	 */
+	args->len = XFS_AGBLOCK_MIN(tend, args->agbno + args->maxlen)
+						- args->agbno;
+	xfs_alloc_fix_len(args);
+	ASSERT(args->agbno + args->len <= tend);
+
+	/*
+	 * We are allocating agbno for args->len
+	 * Allocate/initialize a cursor for the by-size btree.
+	 */
+	cnt_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp, args->agbp,
+					args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_CNT);
+	ASSERT(args->agbno + args->len <= be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length));
+	error = xfs_alloc_fixup_trees(cnt_cur, bno_cur, fbno, flen, args->agbno,
+				      args->len, XFSA_FIXUP_BNO_OK);
+	if (error) {
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+		goto error0;
+	}
+
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+
+	args->wasfromfl = 0;
+	trace_xfs_alloc_exact_done(args);
+	return 0;
+
+not_found:
+	/* Didn't find it, return null. */
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	trace_xfs_alloc_exact_notfound(args);
+	return 0;
+
+error0:
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+	trace_xfs_alloc_exact_error(args);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search a given number of btree records in a given direction. Check each
+ * record against the good extent we've already found.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_walk_iter(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur,
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,
+	bool			increment,
+	bool			find_one, /* quit on first candidate */
+	int			count,    /* rec count (-1 for infinite) */
+	int			*stat)
+{
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+
+	*stat = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Search so long as the cursor is active or we find a better extent.
+	 * The cursor is deactivated if it extends beyond the range of the
+	 * current allocation candidate.
+	 */
+	while (xfs_alloc_cur_active(cur) && count) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_cur_check(args, acur, cur, &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i == 1) {
+			*stat = 1;
+			if (find_one)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (!xfs_alloc_cur_active(cur))
+			break;
+
+		if (increment)
+			error = xfs_btree_increment(cur, 0, &i);
+		else
+			error = xfs_btree_decrement(cur, 0, &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i == 0)
+			cur->bc_ag.abt.active = false;
+
+		if (count > 0)
+			count--;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search the by-bno and by-size btrees in parallel in search of an extent with
+ * ideal locality based on the NEAR mode ->agbno locality hint.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_locality(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur,
+	int			*stat)
+{
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*fbcur = NULL;
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+	bool			fbinc;
+
+	ASSERT(acur->len == 0);
+
+	*stat = 0;
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(acur->cnt, args->agbno, acur->cur_len, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_le(acur->bnolt, args->agbno, 0, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(acur->bnogt, args->agbno, 0, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/*
+	 * Search the bnobt and cntbt in parallel. Search the bnobt left and
+	 * right and lookup the closest extent to the locality hint for each
+	 * extent size key in the cntbt. The entire search terminates
+	 * immediately on a bnobt hit because that means we've found best case
+	 * locality. Otherwise the search continues until the cntbt cursor runs
+	 * off the end of the tree. If no allocation candidate is found at this
+	 * point, give up on locality, walk backwards from the end of the cntbt
+	 * and take the first available extent.
+	 *
+	 * The parallel tree searches balance each other out to provide fairly
+	 * consistent performance for various situations. The bnobt search can
+	 * have pathological behavior in the worst case scenario of larger
+	 * allocation requests and fragmented free space. On the other hand, the
+	 * bnobt is able to satisfy most smaller allocation requests much more
+	 * quickly than the cntbt. The cntbt search can sift through fragmented
+	 * free space and sets of free extents for larger allocation requests
+	 * more quickly than the bnobt. Since the locality hint is just a hint
+	 * and we don't want to scan the entire bnobt for perfect locality, the
+	 * cntbt search essentially bounds the bnobt search such that we can
+	 * find good enough locality at reasonable performance in most cases.
+	 */
+	while (xfs_alloc_cur_active(acur->bnolt) ||
+	       xfs_alloc_cur_active(acur->bnogt) ||
+	       xfs_alloc_cur_active(acur->cnt)) {
+
+		trace_xfs_alloc_cur_lookup(args);
+
+		/*
+		 * Search the bnobt left and right. In the case of a hit, finish
+		 * the search in the opposite direction and we're done.
+		 */
+		error = xfs_alloc_walk_iter(args, acur, acur->bnolt, false,
+					    true, 1, &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i == 1) {
+			trace_xfs_alloc_cur_left(args);
+			fbcur = acur->bnogt;
+			fbinc = true;
+			break;
+		}
+		error = xfs_alloc_walk_iter(args, acur, acur->bnogt, true, true,
+					    1, &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i == 1) {
+			trace_xfs_alloc_cur_right(args);
+			fbcur = acur->bnolt;
+			fbinc = false;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Check the extent with best locality based on the current
+		 * extent size search key and keep track of the best candidate.
+		 */
+		error = xfs_alloc_cntbt_iter(args, acur);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (!xfs_alloc_cur_active(acur->cnt)) {
+			trace_xfs_alloc_cur_lookup_done(args);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we failed to find anything due to busy extents, return empty
+	 * handed so the caller can flush and retry. If no busy extents were
+	 * found, walk backwards from the end of the cntbt as a last resort.
+	 */
+	if (!xfs_alloc_cur_active(acur->cnt) && !acur->len && !acur->busy) {
+		error = xfs_btree_decrement(acur->cnt, 0, &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i) {
+			acur->cnt->bc_ag.abt.active = true;
+			fbcur = acur->cnt;
+			fbinc = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Search in the opposite direction for a better entry in the case of
+	 * a bnobt hit or walk backwards from the end of the cntbt.
+	 */
+	if (fbcur) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_walk_iter(args, acur, fbcur, fbinc, true, -1,
+					    &i);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+	}
+
+	if (acur->len)
+		*stat = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Check the last block of the cnt btree for allocations. */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_lastblock(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	*acur,
+	xfs_agblock_t		*bno,
+	xfs_extlen_t		*len,
+	bool			*allocated)
+{
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	/* Randomly don't execute the first algorithm. */
+	if (get_random_u32_below(2))
+		return 0;
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Start from the entry that lookup found, sequence through all larger
+	 * free blocks.  If we're actually pointing at a record smaller than
+	 * maxlen, go to the start of this block, and skip all those smaller
+	 * than minlen.
+	 */
+	if (*len || args->alignment > 1) {
+		acur->cnt->bc_levels[0].ptr = 1;
+		do {
+			error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(acur->cnt, bno, len, &i);
+			if (error)
+				return error;
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1))
+				return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			if (*len >= args->minlen)
+				break;
+			error = xfs_btree_increment(acur->cnt, 0, &i);
+			if (error)
+				return error;
+		} while (i);
+		ASSERT(*len >= args->minlen);
+		if (!i)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_walk_iter(args, acur, acur->cnt, true, false, -1, &i);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/*
+	 * It didn't work.  We COULD be in a case where there's a good record
+	 * somewhere, so try again.
+	 */
+	if (acur->len == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_near_first(args);
+	*allocated = true;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a variable extent near bno in the allocation group agno.
+ * Extent's length (returned in len) will be between minlen and maxlen,
+ * and of the form k * prod + mod unless there's nothing that large.
+ * Return the starting a.g. block, or NULLAGBLOCK if we can't do it.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_near(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags)
+{
+	struct xfs_alloc_cur	acur = {};
+	int			error;		/* error code */
+	int			i;		/* result code, temporary */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno;
+	xfs_extlen_t		len;
+
+	/* handle uninitialized agbno range so caller doesn't have to */
+	if (!args->min_agbno && !args->max_agbno)
+		args->max_agbno = args->mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks - 1;
+	ASSERT(args->min_agbno <= args->max_agbno);
+
+	/* clamp agbno to the range if it's outside */
+	if (args->agbno < args->min_agbno)
+		args->agbno = args->min_agbno;
+	if (args->agbno > args->max_agbno)
+		args->agbno = args->max_agbno;
+
+	/* Retry once quickly if we find busy extents before blocking. */
+	alloc_flags |= XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYFLUSH;
+restart:
+	len = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up cursors and see if there are any free extents as big as
+	 * maxlen. If not, pick the last entry in the tree unless the tree is
+	 * empty.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_cur_setup(args, &acur);
+	if (error == -ENOSPC) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_small(args, acur.cnt, &bno,
+				&len, &i);
+		if (error)
+			goto out;
+		if (i == 0 || len == 0) {
+			trace_xfs_alloc_near_noentry(args);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ASSERT(i == 1);
+	} else if (error) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First algorithm.
+	 * If the requested extent is large wrt the freespaces available
+	 * in this a.g., then the cursor will be pointing to a btree entry
+	 * near the right edge of the tree.  If it's in the last btree leaf
+	 * block, then we just examine all the entries in that block
+	 * that are big enough, and pick the best one.
+	 */
+	if (xfs_btree_islastblock(acur.cnt, 0)) {
+		bool		allocated = false;
+
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_lastblock(args, &acur, &bno, &len,
+				&allocated);
+		if (error)
+			goto out;
+		if (allocated)
+			goto alloc_finish;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Second algorithm. Combined cntbt and bnobt search to find ideal
+	 * locality.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_locality(args, &acur, &i);
+	if (error)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we couldn't get anything, give up.
+	 */
+	if (!acur.len) {
+		if (acur.busy) {
+			/*
+			 * Our only valid extents must have been busy. Flush and
+			 * retry the allocation again. If we get an -EAGAIN
+			 * error, we're being told that a deadlock was avoided
+			 * and the current transaction needs committing before
+			 * the allocation can be retried.
+			 */
+			trace_xfs_alloc_near_busy(args);
+			error = xfs_extent_busy_flush(args->tp, args->pag,
+					acur.busy_gen, alloc_flags);
+			if (error)
+				goto out;
+
+			alloc_flags &= ~XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYFLUSH;
+			goto restart;
+		}
+		trace_xfs_alloc_size_neither(args);
+		args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+alloc_finish:
+	/* fix up btrees on a successful allocation */
+	error = xfs_alloc_cur_finish(args, &acur);
+
+out:
+	xfs_alloc_cur_close(&acur, error);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a variable extent anywhere in the allocation group agno.
+ * Extent's length (returned in len) will be between minlen and maxlen,
+ * and of the form k * prod + mod unless there's nothing that large.
+ * Return the starting a.g. block, or NULLAGBLOCK if we can't do it.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_size(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags)
+{
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = args->agbp->b_addr;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*bno_cur;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cnt_cur;
+	xfs_agblock_t		fbno;		/* start of found freespace */
+	xfs_extlen_t		flen;		/* length of found freespace */
+	xfs_agblock_t		rbno;		/* returned block number */
+	xfs_extlen_t		rlen;		/* length of returned extent */
+	bool			busy;
+	unsigned		busy_gen;
+	int			error;
+	int			i;
+
+	/* Retry once quickly if we find busy extents before blocking. */
+	alloc_flags |= XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYFLUSH;
+restart:
+	/*
+	 * Allocate and initialize a cursor for the by-size btree.
+	 */
+	cnt_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp, args->agbp,
+					args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_CNT);
+	bno_cur = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look for an entry >= maxlen+alignment-1 blocks.
+	 */
+	if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(cnt_cur, 0,
+			args->maxlen + args->alignment - 1, &i)))
+		goto error0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If none then we have to settle for a smaller extent. In the case that
+	 * there are no large extents, this will return the last entry in the
+	 * tree unless the tree is empty. In the case that there are only busy
+	 * large extents, this will return the largest small extent unless there
+	 * are no smaller extents available.
+	 */
+	if (!i) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_small(args, cnt_cur,
+						   &fbno, &flen, &i);
+		if (error)
+			goto error0;
+		if (i == 0 || flen == 0) {
+			xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+			trace_xfs_alloc_size_noentry(args);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		ASSERT(i == 1);
+		busy = xfs_alloc_compute_aligned(args, fbno, flen, &rbno,
+				&rlen, &busy_gen);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Search for a non-busy extent that is large enough.
+		 */
+		for (;;) {
+			error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cnt_cur, &fbno, &flen, &i);
+			if (error)
+				goto error0;
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1)) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+
+			busy = xfs_alloc_compute_aligned(args, fbno, flen,
+					&rbno, &rlen, &busy_gen);
+
+			if (rlen >= args->maxlen)
+				break;
+
+			error = xfs_btree_increment(cnt_cur, 0, &i);
+			if (error)
+				goto error0;
+			if (i)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Our only valid extents must have been busy. Flush and
+			 * retry the allocation again. If we get an -EAGAIN
+			 * error, we're being told that a deadlock was avoided
+			 * and the current transaction needs committing before
+			 * the allocation can be retried.
+			 */
+			trace_xfs_alloc_size_busy(args);
+			error = xfs_extent_busy_flush(args->tp, args->pag,
+					busy_gen, alloc_flags);
+			if (error)
+				goto error0;
+
+			alloc_flags &= ~XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYFLUSH;
+			xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+			goto restart;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In the first case above, we got the last entry in the
+	 * by-size btree.  Now we check to see if the space hits maxlen
+	 * once aligned; if not, we search left for something better.
+	 * This can't happen in the second case above.
+	 */
+	rlen = XFS_EXTLEN_MIN(args->maxlen, rlen);
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp,
+			   rlen != 0 &&
+			   (rlen > flen ||
+			    rbno + rlen > fbno + flen))) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	if (rlen < args->maxlen) {
+		xfs_agblock_t	bestfbno;
+		xfs_extlen_t	bestflen;
+		xfs_agblock_t	bestrbno;
+		xfs_extlen_t	bestrlen;
+
+		bestrlen = rlen;
+		bestrbno = rbno;
+		bestflen = flen;
+		bestfbno = fbno;
+		for (;;) {
+			if ((error = xfs_btree_decrement(cnt_cur, 0, &i)))
+				goto error0;
+			if (i == 0)
+				break;
+			if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cnt_cur, &fbno, &flen,
+					&i)))
+				goto error0;
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1)) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+			if (flen < bestrlen)
+				break;
+			busy = xfs_alloc_compute_aligned(args, fbno, flen,
+					&rbno, &rlen, &busy_gen);
+			rlen = XFS_EXTLEN_MIN(args->maxlen, rlen);
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp,
+					   rlen != 0 &&
+					   (rlen > flen ||
+					    rbno + rlen > fbno + flen))) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+			if (rlen > bestrlen) {
+				bestrlen = rlen;
+				bestrbno = rbno;
+				bestflen = flen;
+				bestfbno = fbno;
+				if (rlen == args->maxlen)
+					break;
+			}
+		}
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, bestfbno, bestflen,
+				&i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		rlen = bestrlen;
+		rbno = bestrbno;
+		flen = bestflen;
+		fbno = bestfbno;
+	}
+	args->wasfromfl = 0;
+	/*
+	 * Fix up the length.
+	 */
+	args->len = rlen;
+	if (rlen < args->minlen) {
+		if (busy) {
+			/*
+			 * Our only valid extents must have been busy. Flush and
+			 * retry the allocation again. If we get an -EAGAIN
+			 * error, we're being told that a deadlock was avoided
+			 * and the current transaction needs committing before
+			 * the allocation can be retried.
+			 */
+			trace_xfs_alloc_size_busy(args);
+			error = xfs_extent_busy_flush(args->tp, args->pag,
+					busy_gen, alloc_flags);
+			if (error)
+				goto error0;
+
+			alloc_flags &= ~XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYFLUSH;
+			xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+			goto restart;
+		}
+		goto out_nominleft;
+	}
+	xfs_alloc_fix_len(args);
+
+	rlen = args->len;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp, rlen > flen)) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Allocate and initialize a cursor for the by-block tree.
+	 */
+	bno_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp, args->agbp,
+					args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	if ((error = xfs_alloc_fixup_trees(cnt_cur, bno_cur, fbno, flen,
+			rbno, rlen, XFSA_FIXUP_CNT_OK)))
+		goto error0;
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	cnt_cur = bno_cur = NULL;
+	args->len = rlen;
+	args->agbno = rbno;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(args->mp,
+			   args->agbno + args->len >
+			   be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length))) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	trace_xfs_alloc_size_done(args);
+	return 0;
+
+error0:
+	trace_xfs_alloc_size_error(args);
+	if (cnt_cur)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+	if (bno_cur)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+	return error;
+
+out_nominleft:
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	trace_xfs_alloc_size_nominleft(args);
+	args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free the extent starting at agno/bno for length.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_free_ag_extent(
+	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf			*agbp,
+	xfs_agnumber_t			agno,
+	xfs_agblock_t			bno,
+	xfs_extlen_t			len,
+	const struct xfs_owner_info	*oinfo,
+	enum xfs_ag_resv_type		type)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*bno_cur;
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cnt_cur;
+	xfs_agblock_t			gtbno; /* start of right neighbor */
+	xfs_extlen_t			gtlen; /* length of right neighbor */
+	xfs_agblock_t			ltbno; /* start of left neighbor */
+	xfs_extlen_t			ltlen; /* length of left neighbor */
+	xfs_agblock_t			nbno; /* new starting block of freesp */
+	xfs_extlen_t			nlen; /* new length of freespace */
+	int				haveleft; /* have a left neighbor */
+	int				haveright; /* have a right neighbor */
+	int				i;
+	int				error;
+	struct xfs_perag		*pag = agbp->b_pag;
+
+	bno_cur = cnt_cur = NULL;
+	mp = tp->t_mountp;
+
+	if (!xfs_rmap_should_skip_owner_update(oinfo)) {
+		error = xfs_rmap_free(tp, agbp, pag, bno, len, oinfo);
+		if (error)
+			goto error0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate and initialize a cursor for the by-block btree.
+	 */
+	bno_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(mp, tp, agbp, pag, XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	/*
+	 * Look for a neighboring block on the left (lower block numbers)
+	 * that is contiguous with this space.
+	 */
+	if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_le(bno_cur, bno, len, &haveleft)))
+		goto error0;
+	if (haveleft) {
+		/*
+		 * There is a block to our left.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(bno_cur, &ltbno, &ltlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * It's not contiguous, though.
+		 */
+		if (ltbno + ltlen < bno)
+			haveleft = 0;
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * If this failure happens the request to free this
+			 * space was invalid, it's (partly) already free.
+			 * Very bad.
+			 */
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, ltbno + ltlen > bno)) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Look for a neighboring block on the right (higher block numbers)
+	 * that is contiguous with this space.
+	 */
+	if ((error = xfs_btree_increment(bno_cur, 0, &haveright)))
+		goto error0;
+	if (haveright) {
+		/*
+		 * There is a block to our right.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(bno_cur, &gtbno, &gtlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * It's not contiguous, though.
+		 */
+		if (bno + len < gtbno)
+			haveright = 0;
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * If this failure happens the request to free this
+			 * space was invalid, it's (partly) already free.
+			 * Very bad.
+			 */
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, bno + len > gtbno)) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Now allocate and initialize a cursor for the by-size tree.
+	 */
+	cnt_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(mp, tp, agbp, pag, XFS_BTNUM_CNT);
+	/*
+	 * Have both left and right contiguous neighbors.
+	 * Merge all three into a single free block.
+	 */
+	if (haveleft && haveright) {
+		/*
+		 * Delete the old by-size entry on the left.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, ltbno, ltlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Delete the old by-size entry on the right.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, gtbno, gtlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Delete the old by-block entry for the right block.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(bno_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Move the by-block cursor back to the left neighbor.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_decrement(bno_cur, 0, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		/*
+		 * Check that this is the right record: delete didn't
+		 * mangle the cursor.
+		 */
+		{
+			xfs_agblock_t	xxbno;
+			xfs_extlen_t	xxlen;
+
+			if ((error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(bno_cur, &xxbno, &xxlen,
+					&i)))
+				goto error0;
+			if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp,
+					   i != 1 ||
+					   xxbno != ltbno ||
+					   xxlen != ltlen)) {
+				error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto error0;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+		/*
+		 * Update remaining by-block entry to the new, joined block.
+		 */
+		nbno = ltbno;
+		nlen = len + ltlen + gtlen;
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_update(bno_cur, nbno, nlen)))
+			goto error0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Have only a left contiguous neighbor.
+	 * Merge it together with the new freespace.
+	 */
+	else if (haveleft) {
+		/*
+		 * Delete the old by-size entry on the left.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, ltbno, ltlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Back up the by-block cursor to the left neighbor, and
+		 * update its length.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_decrement(bno_cur, 0, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		nbno = ltbno;
+		nlen = len + ltlen;
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_update(bno_cur, nbno, nlen)))
+			goto error0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Have only a right contiguous neighbor.
+	 * Merge it together with the new freespace.
+	 */
+	else if (haveright) {
+		/*
+		 * Delete the old by-size entry on the right.
+		 */
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, gtbno, gtlen, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_delete(cnt_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Update the starting block and length of the right
+		 * neighbor in the by-block tree.
+		 */
+		nbno = bno;
+		nlen = len + gtlen;
+		if ((error = xfs_alloc_update(bno_cur, nbno, nlen)))
+			goto error0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * No contiguous neighbors.
+	 * Insert the new freespace into the by-block tree.
+	 */
+	else {
+		nbno = bno;
+		nlen = len;
+		if ((error = xfs_btree_insert(bno_cur, &i)))
+			goto error0;
+		if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			goto error0;
+		}
+	}
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	bno_cur = NULL;
+	/*
+	 * In all cases we need to insert the new freespace in the by-size tree.
+	 */
+	if ((error = xfs_alloc_lookup_eq(cnt_cur, nbno, nlen, &i)))
+		goto error0;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 0)) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	if ((error = xfs_btree_insert(cnt_cur, &i)))
+		goto error0;
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, i != 1)) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto error0;
+	}
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
+	cnt_cur = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Update the freespace totals in the ag and superblock.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_update_counters(tp, agbp, len);
+	xfs_ag_resv_free_extent(agbp->b_pag, type, tp, len);
+	if (error)
+		goto error0;
+
+	XFS_STATS_INC(mp, xs_freex);
+	XFS_STATS_ADD(mp, xs_freeb, len);
+
+	trace_xfs_free_extent(mp, agno, bno, len, type, haveleft, haveright);
+
+	return 0;
+
+ error0:
+	trace_xfs_free_extent(mp, agno, bno, len, type, -1, -1);
+	if (bno_cur)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(bno_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+	if (cnt_cur)
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, XFS_BTREE_ERROR);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Visible (exported) allocation/free functions.
+ * Some of these are used just by xfs_alloc_btree.c and this file.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Compute and fill in value of m_alloc_maxlevels.
+ */
+void
+xfs_alloc_compute_maxlevels(
+	xfs_mount_t	*mp)	/* file system mount structure */
+{
+	mp->m_alloc_maxlevels = xfs_btree_compute_maxlevels(mp->m_alloc_mnr,
+			(mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks + 1) / 2);
+	ASSERT(mp->m_alloc_maxlevels <= xfs_allocbt_maxlevels_ondisk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the length of the longest extent in an AG.  The 'need' parameter
+ * specifies how much space we're going to need for the AGFL and the
+ * 'reserved' parameter tells us how many blocks in this AG are reserved for
+ * other callers.
+ */
+xfs_extlen_t
+xfs_alloc_longest_free_extent(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	xfs_extlen_t		need,
+	xfs_extlen_t		reserved)
+{
+	xfs_extlen_t		delta = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the AGFL needs a recharge, we'll have to subtract that from the
+	 * longest extent.
+	 */
+	if (need > pag->pagf_flcount)
+		delta = need - pag->pagf_flcount;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we cannot maintain others' reservations with space from the
+	 * not-longest freesp extents, we'll have to subtract /that/ from
+	 * the longest extent too.
+	 */
+	if (pag->pagf_freeblks - pag->pagf_longest < reserved)
+		delta += reserved - (pag->pagf_freeblks - pag->pagf_longest);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the longest extent is long enough to satisfy all the
+	 * reservations and AGFL rules in place, we can return this extent.
+	 */
+	if (pag->pagf_longest > delta)
+		return min_t(xfs_extlen_t, pag->pag_mount->m_ag_max_usable,
+				pag->pagf_longest - delta);
+
+	/* Otherwise, let the caller try for 1 block if there's space. */
+	return pag->pagf_flcount > 0 || pag->pagf_longest > 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute the minimum length of the AGFL in the given AG.  If @pag is NULL,
+ * return the largest possible minimum length.
+ */
+unsigned int
+xfs_alloc_min_freelist(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag)
+{
+	/* AG btrees have at least 1 level. */
+	static const uint8_t	fake_levels[XFS_BTNUM_AGF] = {1, 1, 1};
+	const uint8_t		*levels = pag ? pag->pagf_levels : fake_levels;
+	unsigned int		min_free;
+
+	ASSERT(mp->m_alloc_maxlevels > 0);
+
+	/* space needed by-bno freespace btree */
+	min_free = min_t(unsigned int, levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] + 1,
+				       mp->m_alloc_maxlevels);
+	/* space needed by-size freespace btree */
+	min_free += min_t(unsigned int, levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] + 1,
+				       mp->m_alloc_maxlevels);
+	/* space needed reverse mapping used space btree */
+	if (xfs_has_rmapbt(mp))
+		min_free += min_t(unsigned int, levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAPi] + 1,
+						mp->m_rmap_maxlevels);
+
+	return min_free;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the operation we are fixing up the freelist for should go ahead or
+ * not. If we are freeing blocks, we always allow it, otherwise the allocation
+ * is dependent on whether the size and shape of free space available will
+ * permit the requested allocation to take place.
+ */
+static bool
+xfs_alloc_space_available(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_extlen_t		min_free,
+	int			flags)
+{
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag = args->pag;
+	xfs_extlen_t		alloc_len, longest;
+	xfs_extlen_t		reservation; /* blocks that are still reserved */
+	int			available;
+	xfs_extlen_t		agflcount;
+
+	if (flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING)
+		return true;
+
+	reservation = xfs_ag_resv_needed(pag, args->resv);
+
+	/* do we have enough contiguous free space for the allocation? */
+	alloc_len = args->minlen + (args->alignment - 1) + args->minalignslop;
+	longest = xfs_alloc_longest_free_extent(pag, min_free, reservation);
+	if (longest < alloc_len)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we have enough free space remaining for the allocation? Don't
+	 * account extra agfl blocks because we are about to defer free them,
+	 * making them unavailable until the current transaction commits.
+	 */
+	agflcount = min_t(xfs_extlen_t, pag->pagf_flcount, min_free);
+	available = (int)(pag->pagf_freeblks + agflcount -
+			  reservation - min_free - args->minleft);
+	if (available < (int)max(args->total, alloc_len))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Clamp maxlen to the amount of free space available for the actual
+	 * extent allocation.
+	 */
+	if (available < (int)args->maxlen && !(flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_CHECK)) {
+		args->maxlen = available;
+		ASSERT(args->maxlen > 0);
+		ASSERT(args->maxlen >= args->minlen);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+int
+xfs_free_agfl_block(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		agno,
+	xfs_agblock_t		agbno,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	struct xfs_owner_info	*oinfo)
+{
+	int			error;
+	struct xfs_buf		*bp;
+
+	error = xfs_free_ag_extent(tp, agbp, agno, agbno, 1, oinfo,
+				   XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	error = xfs_trans_get_buf(tp, tp->t_mountp->m_ddev_targp,
+			XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(tp->t_mountp, agno, agbno),
+			tp->t_mountp->m_bsize, 0, &bp);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	xfs_trans_binval(tp, bp);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the agfl fields of the agf for inconsistency or corruption.
+ *
+ * The original purpose was to detect an agfl header padding mismatch between
+ * current and early v5 kernels. This problem manifests as a 1-slot size
+ * difference between the on-disk flcount and the active [first, last] range of
+ * a wrapped agfl.
+ *
+ * However, we need to use these same checks to catch agfl count corruptions
+ * unrelated to padding. This could occur on any v4 or v5 filesystem, so either
+ * way, we need to reset the agfl and warn the user.
+ *
+ * Return true if a reset is required before the agfl can be used, false
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+xfs_agfl_needs_reset(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf)
+{
+	uint32_t		f = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst);
+	uint32_t		l = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast);
+	uint32_t		c = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount);
+	int			agfl_size = xfs_agfl_size(mp);
+	int			active;
+
+	/*
+	 * The agf read verifier catches severe corruption of these fields.
+	 * Repeat some sanity checks to cover a packed -> unpacked mismatch if
+	 * the verifier allows it.
+	 */
+	if (f >= agfl_size || l >= agfl_size)
+		return true;
+	if (c > agfl_size)
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check consistency between the on-disk count and the active range. An
+	 * agfl padding mismatch manifests as an inconsistent flcount.
+	 */
+	if (c && l >= f)
+		active = l - f + 1;
+	else if (c)
+		active = agfl_size - f + l + 1;
+	else
+		active = 0;
+
+	return active != c;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the agfl to an empty state. Ignore/drop any existing blocks since the
+ * agfl content cannot be trusted. Warn the user that a repair is required to
+ * recover leaked blocks.
+ *
+ * The purpose of this mechanism is to handle filesystems affected by the agfl
+ * header padding mismatch problem. A reset keeps the filesystem online with a
+ * relatively minor free space accounting inconsistency rather than suffer the
+ * inevitable crash from use of an invalid agfl block.
+ */
+static void
+xfs_agfl_reset(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = agbp->b_addr;
+
+	ASSERT(xfs_perag_agfl_needs_reset(pag));
+	trace_xfs_agfl_reset(mp, agf, 0, _RET_IP_);
+
+	xfs_warn(mp,
+	       "WARNING: Reset corrupted AGFL on AG %u. %d blocks leaked. "
+	       "Please unmount and run xfs_repair.",
+	         pag->pag_agno, pag->pagf_flcount);
+
+	agf->agf_flfirst = 0;
+	agf->agf_fllast = cpu_to_be32(xfs_agfl_size(mp) - 1);
+	agf->agf_flcount = 0;
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, XFS_AGF_FLFIRST | XFS_AGF_FLLAST |
+				    XFS_AGF_FLCOUNT);
+
+	pag->pagf_flcount = 0;
+	clear_bit(XFS_AGSTATE_AGFL_NEEDS_RESET, &pag->pag_opstate);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Defer an AGFL block free. This is effectively equivalent to
+ * xfs_free_extent_later() with some special handling particular to AGFL blocks.
+ *
+ * Deferring AGFL frees helps prevent log reservation overruns due to too many
+ * allocation operations in a transaction. AGFL frees are prone to this problem
+ * because for one they are always freed one at a time. Further, an immediate
+ * AGFL block free can cause a btree join and require another block free before
+ * the real allocation can proceed. Deferring the free disconnects freeing up
+ * the AGFL slot from freeing the block.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_defer_agfl_block(
+	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
+	xfs_agnumber_t			agno,
+	xfs_agblock_t			agbno,
+	struct xfs_owner_info		*oinfo)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	struct xfs_extent_free_item	*xefi;
+	xfs_fsblock_t			fsbno = XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp, agno, agbno);
+
+	ASSERT(xfs_extfree_item_cache != NULL);
+	ASSERT(oinfo != NULL);
+
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, !xfs_verify_fsbno(mp, fsbno)))
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+
+	xefi = kmem_cache_zalloc(xfs_extfree_item_cache,
+			       GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+	xefi->xefi_startblock = fsbno;
+	xefi->xefi_blockcount = 1;
+	xefi->xefi_owner = oinfo->oi_owner;
+	xefi->xefi_agresv = XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL;
+
+	trace_xfs_agfl_free_defer(mp, agno, 0, agbno, 1);
+
+	xfs_extent_free_get_group(mp, xefi);
+	xfs_defer_add(tp, XFS_DEFER_OPS_TYPE_AGFL_FREE, &xefi->xefi_list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add the extent to the list of extents to be free at transaction end.
+ * The list is maintained sorted (by block number).
+ */
+int
+__xfs_free_extent_later(
+	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
+	xfs_fsblock_t			bno,
+	xfs_filblks_t			len,
+	const struct xfs_owner_info	*oinfo,
+	enum xfs_ag_resv_type		type,
+	bool				skip_discard)
+{
+	struct xfs_extent_free_item	*xefi;
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	xfs_agnumber_t			agno;
+	xfs_agblock_t			agbno;
+
+	ASSERT(bno != NULLFSBLOCK);
+	ASSERT(len > 0);
+	ASSERT(len <= XFS_MAX_BMBT_EXTLEN);
+	ASSERT(!isnullstartblock(bno));
+	agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, bno);
+	agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, bno);
+	ASSERT(agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount);
+	ASSERT(agbno < mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);
+	ASSERT(len < mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);
+	ASSERT(agbno + len <= mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);
+#endif
+	ASSERT(xfs_extfree_item_cache != NULL);
+	ASSERT(type != XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL);
+
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, !xfs_verify_fsbext(mp, bno, len)))
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+
+	xefi = kmem_cache_zalloc(xfs_extfree_item_cache,
+			       GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+	xefi->xefi_startblock = bno;
+	xefi->xefi_blockcount = (xfs_extlen_t)len;
+	xefi->xefi_agresv = type;
+	if (skip_discard)
+		xefi->xefi_flags |= XFS_EFI_SKIP_DISCARD;
+	if (oinfo) {
+		ASSERT(oinfo->oi_offset == 0);
+
+		if (oinfo->oi_flags & XFS_OWNER_INFO_ATTR_FORK)
+			xefi->xefi_flags |= XFS_EFI_ATTR_FORK;
+		if (oinfo->oi_flags & XFS_OWNER_INFO_BMBT_BLOCK)
+			xefi->xefi_flags |= XFS_EFI_BMBT_BLOCK;
+		xefi->xefi_owner = oinfo->oi_owner;
+	} else {
+		xefi->xefi_owner = XFS_RMAP_OWN_NULL;
+	}
+	trace_xfs_bmap_free_defer(mp,
+			XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(tp->t_mountp, bno), 0,
+			XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(tp->t_mountp, bno), len);
+
+	xfs_extent_free_get_group(mp, xefi);
+	xfs_defer_add(tp, XFS_DEFER_OPS_TYPE_FREE, &xefi->xefi_list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+/*
+ * Check if an AGF has a free extent record whose length is equal to
+ * args->minlen.
+ */
+STATIC int
+xfs_exact_minlen_extent_available(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	int			*stat)
+{
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cnt_cur;
+	xfs_agblock_t		fbno;
+	xfs_extlen_t		flen;
+	int			error = 0;
+
+	cnt_cur = xfs_allocbt_init_cursor(args->mp, args->tp, agbp,
+					args->pag, XFS_BTNUM_CNT);
+	error = xfs_alloc_lookup_ge(cnt_cur, 0, args->minlen, stat);
+	if (error)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (*stat == 0) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_get_rec(cnt_cur, &fbno, &flen, stat);
+	if (error)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (*stat == 1 && flen != args->minlen)
+		*stat = 0;
+
+out:
+	xfs_btree_del_cursor(cnt_cur, error);
+
+	return error;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Decide whether to use this allocation group for this allocation.
+ * If so, fix up the btree freelist's size.
+ */
+int			/* error */
+xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,	/* allocation argument structure */
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag = args->pag;
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp = args->tp;
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp = NULL;
+	struct xfs_buf		*agflbp = NULL;
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	targs;	/* local allocation arguments */
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno;	/* freelist block */
+	xfs_extlen_t		need;	/* total blocks needed in freelist */
+	int			error = 0;
+
+	/* deferred ops (AGFL block frees) require permanent transactions */
+	ASSERT(tp->t_flags & XFS_TRANS_PERM_LOG_RES);
+
+	if (!xfs_perag_initialised_agf(pag)) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_read_agf(pag, tp, alloc_flags, &agbp);
+		if (error) {
+			/* Couldn't lock the AGF so skip this AG. */
+			if (error == -EAGAIN)
+				error = 0;
+			goto out_no_agbp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a metadata preferred pag and we are user data then try
+	 * somewhere else if we are not being asked to try harder at this
+	 * point
+	 */
+	if (xfs_perag_prefers_metadata(pag) &&
+	    (args->datatype & XFS_ALLOC_USERDATA) &&
+	    (alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK)) {
+		ASSERT(!(alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING));
+		goto out_agbp_relse;
+	}
+
+	need = xfs_alloc_min_freelist(mp, pag);
+	if (!xfs_alloc_space_available(args, need, alloc_flags |
+			XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_CHECK))
+		goto out_agbp_relse;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the a.g. freespace buffer.
+	 * Can fail if we're not blocking on locks, and it's held.
+	 */
+	if (!agbp) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_read_agf(pag, tp, alloc_flags, &agbp);
+		if (error) {
+			/* Couldn't lock the AGF so skip this AG. */
+			if (error == -EAGAIN)
+				error = 0;
+			goto out_no_agbp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* reset a padding mismatched agfl before final free space check */
+	if (xfs_perag_agfl_needs_reset(pag))
+		xfs_agfl_reset(tp, agbp, pag);
+
+	/* If there isn't enough total space or single-extent, reject it. */
+	need = xfs_alloc_min_freelist(mp, pag);
+	if (!xfs_alloc_space_available(args, need, alloc_flags))
+		goto out_agbp_relse;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	if (args->alloc_minlen_only) {
+		int stat;
+
+		error = xfs_exact_minlen_extent_available(args, agbp, &stat);
+		if (error || !stat)
+			goto out_agbp_relse;
+	}
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Make the freelist shorter if it's too long.
+	 *
+	 * Note that from this point onwards, we will always release the agf and
+	 * agfl buffers on error. This handles the case where we error out and
+	 * the buffers are clean or may not have been joined to the transaction
+	 * and hence need to be released manually. If they have been joined to
+	 * the transaction, then xfs_trans_brelse() will handle them
+	 * appropriately based on the recursion count and dirty state of the
+	 * buffer.
+	 *
+	 * XXX (dgc): When we have lots of free space, does this buy us
+	 * anything other than extra overhead when we need to put more blocks
+	 * back on the free list? Maybe we should only do this when space is
+	 * getting low or the AGFL is more than half full?
+	 *
+	 * The NOSHRINK flag prevents the AGFL from being shrunk if it's too
+	 * big; the NORMAP flag prevents AGFL expand/shrink operations from
+	 * updating the rmapbt.  Both flags are used in xfs_repair while we're
+	 * rebuilding the rmapbt, and neither are used by the kernel.  They're
+	 * both required to ensure that rmaps are correctly recorded for the
+	 * regenerated AGFL, bnobt, and cntbt.  See repair/phase5.c and
+	 * repair/rmap.c in xfsprogs for details.
+	 */
+	memset(&targs, 0, sizeof(targs));
+	/* struct copy below */
+	if (alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_NORMAP)
+		targs.oinfo = XFS_RMAP_OINFO_SKIP_UPDATE;
+	else
+		targs.oinfo = XFS_RMAP_OINFO_AG;
+	while (!(alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_NOSHRINK) &&
+			pag->pagf_flcount > need) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_get_freelist(pag, tp, agbp, &bno, 0);
+		if (error)
+			goto out_agbp_relse;
+
+		/* defer agfl frees */
+		error = xfs_defer_agfl_block(tp, args->agno, bno, &targs.oinfo);
+		if (error)
+			goto out_agbp_relse;
+	}
+
+	targs.tp = tp;
+	targs.mp = mp;
+	targs.agbp = agbp;
+	targs.agno = args->agno;
+	targs.alignment = targs.minlen = targs.prod = 1;
+	targs.pag = pag;
+	error = xfs_alloc_read_agfl(pag, tp, &agflbp);
+	if (error)
+		goto out_agbp_relse;
+
+	/* Make the freelist longer if it's too short. */
+	while (pag->pagf_flcount < need) {
+		targs.agbno = 0;
+		targs.maxlen = need - pag->pagf_flcount;
+		targs.resv = XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL;
+
+		/* Allocate as many blocks as possible at once. */
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_size(&targs, alloc_flags);
+		if (error)
+			goto out_agflbp_relse;
+
+		/*
+		 * Stop if we run out.  Won't happen if callers are obeying
+		 * the restrictions correctly.  Can happen for free calls
+		 * on a completely full ag.
+		 */
+		if (targs.agbno == NULLAGBLOCK) {
+			if (alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING)
+				break;
+			goto out_agflbp_relse;
+		}
+
+		if (!xfs_rmap_should_skip_owner_update(&targs.oinfo)) {
+			error = xfs_rmap_alloc(tp, agbp, pag,
+				       targs.agbno, targs.len, &targs.oinfo);
+			if (error)
+				goto out_agflbp_relse;
+		}
+		error = xfs_alloc_update_counters(tp, agbp,
+						  -((long)(targs.len)));
+		if (error)
+			goto out_agflbp_relse;
+
+		/*
+		 * Put each allocated block on the list.
+		 */
+		for (bno = targs.agbno; bno < targs.agbno + targs.len; bno++) {
+			error = xfs_alloc_put_freelist(pag, tp, agbp,
+							agflbp, bno, 0);
+			if (error)
+				goto out_agflbp_relse;
+		}
+	}
+	xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agflbp);
+	args->agbp = agbp;
+	return 0;
+
+out_agflbp_relse:
+	xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agflbp);
+out_agbp_relse:
+	if (agbp)
+		xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agbp);
+out_no_agbp:
+	args->agbp = NULL;
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a block from the freelist.
+ * Returns with the buffer for the block gotten.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_get_freelist(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	xfs_agblock_t		*bnop,
+	int			btreeblk)
+{
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = agbp->b_addr;
+	struct xfs_buf		*agflbp;
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno;
+	__be32			*agfl_bno;
+	int			error;
+	uint32_t		logflags;
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Freelist is empty, give up.
+	 */
+	if (!agf->agf_flcount) {
+		*bnop = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Read the array of free blocks.
+	 */
+	error = xfs_alloc_read_agfl(pag, tp, &agflbp);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the block number and update the data structures.
+	 */
+	agfl_bno = xfs_buf_to_agfl_bno(agflbp);
+	bno = be32_to_cpu(agfl_bno[be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst)]);
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(tp->t_mountp, !xfs_verify_agbno(pag, bno)))
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+
+	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_flfirst, 1);
+	xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agflbp);
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst) == xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+		agf->agf_flfirst = 0;
+
+	ASSERT(!xfs_perag_agfl_needs_reset(pag));
+	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_flcount, -1);
+	pag->pagf_flcount--;
+
+	logflags = XFS_AGF_FLFIRST | XFS_AGF_FLCOUNT;
+	if (btreeblk) {
+		be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_btreeblks, 1);
+		pag->pagf_btreeblks++;
+		logflags |= XFS_AGF_BTREEBLKS;
+	}
+
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, logflags);
+	*bnop = bno;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Log the given fields from the agf structure.
+ */
+void
+xfs_alloc_log_agf(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
+	uint32_t		fields)
+{
+	int	first;		/* first byte offset */
+	int	last;		/* last byte offset */
+	static const short	offsets[] = {
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_magicnum),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_versionnum),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_seqno),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_length),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_roots[0]),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_levels[0]),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_flfirst),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_fllast),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_flcount),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_freeblks),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_longest),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_btreeblks),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_uuid),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_rmap_blocks),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_refcount_blocks),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_refcount_root),
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_refcount_level),
+		/* needed so that we don't log the whole rest of the structure: */
+		offsetof(xfs_agf_t, agf_spare64),
+		sizeof(xfs_agf_t)
+	};
+
+	trace_xfs_agf(tp->t_mountp, bp->b_addr, fields, _RET_IP_);
+
+	xfs_trans_buf_set_type(tp, bp, XFS_BLFT_AGF_BUF);
+
+	xfs_btree_offsets(fields, offsets, XFS_AGF_NUM_BITS, &first, &last);
+	xfs_trans_log_buf(tp, bp, (uint)first, (uint)last);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put the block on the freelist for the allocation group.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_put_freelist(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agflbp,
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,
+	int			btreeblk)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = agbp->b_addr;
+	__be32			*blockp;
+	int			error;
+	uint32_t		logflags;
+	__be32			*agfl_bno;
+	int			startoff;
+
+	if (!agflbp) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_read_agfl(pag, tp, &agflbp);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+	}
+
+	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_fllast, 1);
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast) == xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+		agf->agf_fllast = 0;
+
+	ASSERT(!xfs_perag_agfl_needs_reset(pag));
+	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_flcount, 1);
+	pag->pagf_flcount++;
+
+	logflags = XFS_AGF_FLLAST | XFS_AGF_FLCOUNT;
+	if (btreeblk) {
+		be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_btreeblks, -1);
+		pag->pagf_btreeblks--;
+		logflags |= XFS_AGF_BTREEBLKS;
+	}
+
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, logflags);
+
+	ASSERT(be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount) <= xfs_agfl_size(mp));
+
+	agfl_bno = xfs_buf_to_agfl_bno(agflbp);
+	blockp = &agfl_bno[be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast)];
+	*blockp = cpu_to_be32(bno);
+	startoff = (char *)blockp - (char *)agflbp->b_addr;
+
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, logflags);
+
+	xfs_trans_buf_set_type(tp, agflbp, XFS_BLFT_AGFL_BUF);
+	xfs_trans_log_buf(tp, agflbp, startoff,
+			  startoff + sizeof(xfs_agblock_t) - 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that this AGF/AGI header's sequence number and length matches the AG
+ * number and size in fsblocks.
+ */
+xfs_failaddr_t
+xfs_validate_ag_length(
+	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
+	uint32_t		seqno,
+	uint32_t		length)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = bp->b_mount;
+	/*
+	 * During growfs operations, the perag is not fully initialised,
+	 * so we can't use it for any useful checking. growfs ensures we can't
+	 * use it by using uncached buffers that don't have the perag attached
+	 * so we can detect and avoid this problem.
+	 */
+	if (bp->b_pag && seqno != bp->b_pag->pag_agno)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	/*
+	 * Only the last AG in the filesystem is allowed to be shorter
+	 * than the AG size recorded in the superblock.
+	 */
+	if (length != mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks) {
+		/*
+		 * During growfs, the new last AG can get here before we
+		 * have updated the superblock. Give it a pass on the seqno
+		 * check.
+		 */
+		if (bp->b_pag && seqno != mp->m_sb.sb_agcount - 1)
+			return __this_address;
+		if (length < XFS_MIN_AG_BLOCKS)
+			return __this_address;
+		if (length > mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks)
+			return __this_address;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify the AGF is consistent.
+ *
+ * We do not verify the AGFL indexes in the AGF are fully consistent here
+ * because of issues with variable on-disk structure sizes. Instead, we check
+ * the agfl indexes for consistency when we initialise the perag from the AGF
+ * information after a read completes.
+ *
+ * If the index is inconsistent, then we mark the perag as needing an AGFL
+ * reset. The first AGFL update performed then resets the AGFL indexes and
+ * refills the AGFL with known good free blocks, allowing the filesystem to
+ * continue operating normally at the cost of a few leaked free space blocks.
+ */
+static xfs_failaddr_t
+xfs_agf_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf		*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = bp->b_mount;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = bp->b_addr;
+	xfs_failaddr_t		fa;
+	uint32_t		agf_seqno = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_seqno);
+	uint32_t		agf_length = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length);
+
+	if (xfs_has_crc(mp)) {
+		if (!uuid_equal(&agf->agf_uuid, &mp->m_sb.sb_meta_uuid))
+			return __this_address;
+		if (!xfs_log_check_lsn(mp, be64_to_cpu(agf->agf_lsn)))
+			return __this_address;
+	}
+
+	if (!xfs_verify_magic(bp, agf->agf_magicnum))
+		return __this_address;
+
+	if (!XFS_AGF_GOOD_VERSION(be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_versionnum)))
+		return __this_address;
+
+	/*
+	 * Both agf_seqno and agf_length need to validated before anything else
+	 * block number related in the AGF or AGFL can be checked.
+	 */
+	fa = xfs_validate_ag_length(bp, agf_seqno, agf_length);
+	if (fa)
+		return fa;
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst) >= xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+		return __this_address;
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast) >= xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+		return __this_address;
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount) > xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+		return __this_address;
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_freeblks) < be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_longest) ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_freeblks) > agf_length)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNO]) < 1 ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNT]) < 1 ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNO]) >
+						mp->m_alloc_maxlevels ||
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNT]) >
+						mp->m_alloc_maxlevels)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	if (xfs_has_lazysbcount(mp) &&
+	    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_btreeblks) > agf_length)
+		return __this_address;
+
+	if (xfs_has_rmapbt(mp)) {
+		if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_rmap_blocks) > agf_length)
+			return __this_address;
+
+		if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAP]) < 1 ||
+		    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAP]) >
+							mp->m_rmap_maxlevels)
+			return __this_address;
+	}
+
+	if (xfs_has_reflink(mp)) {
+		if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_refcount_blocks) > agf_length)
+			return __this_address;
+
+		if (be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_refcount_level) < 1 ||
+		    be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_refcount_level) > mp->m_refc_maxlevels)
+			return __this_address;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+xfs_agf_read_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount *mp = bp->b_mount;
+	xfs_failaddr_t	fa;
+
+	if (xfs_has_crc(mp) &&
+	    !xfs_buf_verify_cksum(bp, XFS_AGF_CRC_OFF))
+		xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSBADCRC, __this_address);
+	else {
+		fa = xfs_agf_verify(bp);
+		if (XFS_TEST_ERROR(fa, mp, XFS_ERRTAG_ALLOC_READ_AGF))
+			xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSCORRUPTED, fa);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+xfs_agf_write_verify(
+	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = bp->b_mount;
+	struct xfs_buf_log_item	*bip = bp->b_log_item;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = bp->b_addr;
+	xfs_failaddr_t		fa;
+
+	fa = xfs_agf_verify(bp);
+	if (fa) {
+		xfs_verifier_error(bp, -EFSCORRUPTED, fa);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!xfs_has_crc(mp))
+		return;
+
+	if (bip)
+		agf->agf_lsn = cpu_to_be64(bip->bli_item.li_lsn);
+
+	xfs_buf_update_cksum(bp, XFS_AGF_CRC_OFF);
+}
+
+const struct xfs_buf_ops xfs_agf_buf_ops = {
+	.name = "xfs_agf",
+	.magic = { cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGF_MAGIC), cpu_to_be32(XFS_AGF_MAGIC) },
+	.verify_read = xfs_agf_read_verify,
+	.verify_write = xfs_agf_write_verify,
+	.verify_struct = xfs_agf_verify,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Read in the allocation group header (free/alloc section).
+ */
+int
+xfs_read_agf(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	int			flags,
+	struct xfs_buf		**agfbpp)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = pag->pag_mount;
+	int			error;
+
+	trace_xfs_read_agf(pag->pag_mount, pag->pag_agno);
+
+	error = xfs_trans_read_buf(mp, tp, mp->m_ddev_targp,
+			XFS_AG_DADDR(mp, pag->pag_agno, XFS_AGF_DADDR(mp)),
+			XFS_FSS_TO_BB(mp, 1), flags, agfbpp, &xfs_agf_buf_ops);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	xfs_buf_set_ref(*agfbpp, XFS_AGF_REF);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read in the allocation group header (free/alloc section) and initialise the
+ * perag structure if necessary. If the caller provides @agfbpp, then return the
+ * locked buffer to the caller, otherwise free it.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_read_agf(
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	int			flags,
+	struct xfs_buf		**agfbpp)
+{
+	struct xfs_buf		*agfbp;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf;
+	int			error;
+	int			allocbt_blks;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_read_agf(pag->pag_mount, pag->pag_agno);
+
+	/* We don't support trylock when freeing. */
+	ASSERT((flags & (XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING | XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK)) !=
+			(XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING | XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK));
+	error = xfs_read_agf(pag, tp,
+			(flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK) ? XBF_TRYLOCK : 0,
+			&agfbp);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	agf = agfbp->b_addr;
+	if (!xfs_perag_initialised_agf(pag)) {
+		pag->pagf_freeblks = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_freeblks);
+		pag->pagf_btreeblks = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_btreeblks);
+		pag->pagf_flcount = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount);
+		pag->pagf_longest = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_longest);
+		pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] =
+			be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi]);
+		pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] =
+			be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi]);
+		pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAPi] =
+			be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_RMAPi]);
+		pag->pagf_refcount_level = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_refcount_level);
+		if (xfs_agfl_needs_reset(pag->pag_mount, agf))
+			set_bit(XFS_AGSTATE_AGFL_NEEDS_RESET, &pag->pag_opstate);
+		else
+			clear_bit(XFS_AGSTATE_AGFL_NEEDS_RESET, &pag->pag_opstate);
+
+		/*
+		 * Update the in-core allocbt counter. Filter out the rmapbt
+		 * subset of the btreeblks counter because the rmapbt is managed
+		 * by perag reservation. Subtract one for the rmapbt root block
+		 * because the rmap counter includes it while the btreeblks
+		 * counter only tracks non-root blocks.
+		 */
+		allocbt_blks = pag->pagf_btreeblks;
+		if (xfs_has_rmapbt(pag->pag_mount))
+			allocbt_blks -= be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_rmap_blocks) - 1;
+		if (allocbt_blks > 0)
+			atomic64_add(allocbt_blks,
+					&pag->pag_mount->m_allocbt_blks);
+
+		set_bit(XFS_AGSTATE_AGF_INIT, &pag->pag_opstate);
+	}
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	else if (!xfs_is_shutdown(pag->pag_mount)) {
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_freeblks == be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_freeblks));
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_btreeblks == be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_btreeblks));
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_flcount == be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount));
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_longest == be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_longest));
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi] ==
+		       be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_BNOi]));
+		ASSERT(pag->pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi] ==
+		       be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_CNTi]));
+	}
+#endif
+	if (agfbpp)
+		*agfbpp = agfbp;
+	else
+		xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agfbp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pre-proces allocation arguments to set initial state that we don't require
+ * callers to set up correctly, as well as bounds check the allocation args
+ * that are set up.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_fsblock_t		target,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		*minimum_agno)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agblock_t		agsize;
+
+	args->fsbno = NULLFSBLOCK;
+
+	*minimum_agno = 0;
+	if (args->tp->t_highest_agno != NULLAGNUMBER)
+		*minimum_agno = args->tp->t_highest_agno;
+
+	/*
+	 * Just fix this up, for the case where the last a.g. is shorter
+	 * (or there's only one a.g.) and the caller couldn't easily figure
+	 * that out (xfs_bmap_alloc).
+	 */
+	agsize = mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks;
+	if (args->maxlen > agsize)
+		args->maxlen = agsize;
+	if (args->alignment == 0)
+		args->alignment = 1;
+
+	ASSERT(args->minlen > 0);
+	ASSERT(args->maxlen > 0);
+	ASSERT(args->alignment > 0);
+	ASSERT(args->resv != XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL);
+
+	ASSERT(XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target) < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount);
+	ASSERT(XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target) < agsize);
+	ASSERT(args->minlen <= args->maxlen);
+	ASSERT(args->minlen <= agsize);
+	ASSERT(args->mod < args->prod);
+
+	if (XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target) >= mp->m_sb.sb_agcount ||
+	    XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target) >= agsize ||
+	    args->minlen > args->maxlen || args->minlen > agsize ||
+	    args->mod >= args->prod) {
+		trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_badargs(args);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	if (args->agno != NULLAGNUMBER && *minimum_agno > args->agno) {
+		trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_skip_deadlock(args);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare an AG for allocation. If the AG is not prepared to accept the
+ * allocation, return failure.
+ *
+ * XXX(dgc): The complexity of "need_pag" will go away as all caller paths are
+ * modified to hold their own perag references.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_prepare_ag(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags)
+{
+	bool			need_pag = !args->pag;
+	int			error;
+
+	if (need_pag)
+		args->pag = xfs_perag_get(args->mp, args->agno);
+
+	args->agbp = NULL;
+	error = xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(args, alloc_flags);
+	if (error) {
+		trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_nofix(args);
+		if (need_pag)
+			xfs_perag_put(args->pag);
+		args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		return error;
+	}
+	if (!args->agbp) {
+		/* cannot allocate in this AG at all */
+		trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_noagbp(args);
+		args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	args->wasfromfl = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Post-process allocation results to account for the allocation if it succeed
+ * and set the allocated block number correctly for the caller.
+ *
+ * XXX: we should really be returning ENOSPC for ENOSPC, not
+ * hiding it behind a "successful" NULLFSBLOCK allocation.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno,
+	int			alloc_error,
+	bool			drop_perag)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	int			error = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can end up here with a locked AGF. If we failed, the caller is
+	 * likely going to try to allocate again with different parameters, and
+	 * that can widen the AGs that are searched for free space. If we have
+	 * to do BMBT block allocation, we have to do a new allocation.
+	 *
+	 * Hence leaving this function with the AGF locked opens up potential
+	 * ABBA AGF deadlocks because a future allocation attempt in this
+	 * transaction may attempt to lock a lower number AGF.
+	 *
+	 * We can't release the AGF until the transaction is commited, so at
+	 * this point we must update the "first allocation" tracker to point at
+	 * this AG if the tracker is empty or points to a lower AG. This allows
+	 * the next allocation attempt to be modified appropriately to avoid
+	 * deadlocks.
+	 */
+	if (args->agbp &&
+	    (args->tp->t_highest_agno == NULLAGNUMBER ||
+	     args->agno > minimum_agno))
+		args->tp->t_highest_agno = args->agno;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the allocation failed with an error or we had an ENOSPC result,
+	 * preserve the returned error whilst also marking the allocation result
+	 * as "no extent allocated". This ensures that callers that fail to
+	 * capture the error will still treat it as a failed allocation.
+	 */
+	if (alloc_error || args->agbno == NULLAGBLOCK) {
+		args->fsbno = NULLFSBLOCK;
+		error = alloc_error;
+		goto out_drop_perag;
+	}
+
+	args->fsbno = XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp, args->agno, args->agbno);
+
+	ASSERT(args->len >= args->minlen);
+	ASSERT(args->len <= args->maxlen);
+	ASSERT(args->agbno % args->alignment == 0);
+	XFS_AG_CHECK_DADDR(mp, XFS_FSB_TO_DADDR(mp, args->fsbno), args->len);
+
+	/* if not file data, insert new block into the reverse map btree */
+	if (!xfs_rmap_should_skip_owner_update(&args->oinfo)) {
+		error = xfs_rmap_alloc(args->tp, args->agbp, args->pag,
+				       args->agbno, args->len, &args->oinfo);
+		if (error)
+			goto out_drop_perag;
+	}
+
+	if (!args->wasfromfl) {
+		error = xfs_alloc_update_counters(args->tp, args->agbp,
+						  -((long)(args->len)));
+		if (error)
+			goto out_drop_perag;
+
+		ASSERT(!xfs_extent_busy_search(mp, args->pag, args->agbno,
+				args->len));
+	}
+
+	xfs_ag_resv_alloc_extent(args->pag, args->resv, args);
+
+	XFS_STATS_INC(mp, xs_allocx);
+	XFS_STATS_ADD(mp, xs_allocb, args->len);
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args);
+
+out_drop_perag:
+	if (drop_perag && args->pag) {
+		xfs_perag_rele(args->pag);
+		args->pag = NULL;
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate within a single AG only. This uses a best-fit length algorithm so if
+ * you need an exact sized allocation without locality constraints, this is the
+ * fastest way to do it.
+ *
+ * Caller is expected to hold a perag reference in args->pag.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_this_ag(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		agno)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno;
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags = 0;
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(args->pag != NULL);
+	ASSERT(args->pag->pag_agno == agno);
+
+	args->agno = agno;
+	args->agbno = 0;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_this_ag(args);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(args, XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp, agno, 0),
+			&minimum_agno);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error == -ENOSPC)
+			return 0;
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_prepare_ag(args, alloc_flags);
+	if (!error && args->agbp)
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_size(args, alloc_flags);
+
+	return xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args, minimum_agno, error, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate all AGs trying to allocate an extent starting from @start_ag.
+ *
+ * If the incoming allocation type is XFS_ALLOCTYPE_NEAR_BNO, it means the
+ * allocation attempts in @start_agno have locality information. If we fail to
+ * allocate in that AG, then we revert to anywhere-in-AG for all the other AGs
+ * we attempt to allocation in as there is no locality optimisation possible for
+ * those allocations.
+ *
+ * On return, args->pag may be left referenced if we finish before the "all
+ * failed" return point. The allocation finish still needs the perag, and
+ * so the caller will release it once they've finished the allocation.
+ *
+ * When we wrap the AG iteration at the end of the filesystem, we have to be
+ * careful not to wrap into AGs below ones we already have locked in the
+ * transaction if we are doing a blocking iteration. This will result in an
+ * out-of-order locking of AGFs and hence can cause deadlocks.
+ */
+static int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_iterate_ags(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno,
+	xfs_agnumber_t		start_agno,
+	xfs_agblock_t		target_agbno,
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		restart_agno = minimum_agno;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		agno;
+	int			error = 0;
+
+	if (alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK)
+		restart_agno = 0;
+restart:
+	for_each_perag_wrap_range(mp, start_agno, restart_agno,
+			mp->m_sb.sb_agcount, agno, args->pag) {
+		args->agno = agno;
+		error = xfs_alloc_vextent_prepare_ag(args, alloc_flags);
+		if (error)
+			break;
+		if (!args->agbp) {
+			trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_loopfailed(args);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Allocation is supposed to succeed now, so break out of the
+		 * loop regardless of whether we succeed or not.
+		 */
+		if (args->agno == start_agno && target_agbno) {
+			args->agbno = target_agbno;
+			error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_near(args, alloc_flags);
+		} else {
+			args->agbno = 0;
+			error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_size(args, alloc_flags);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	if (error) {
+		xfs_perag_rele(args->pag);
+		args->pag = NULL;
+		return error;
+	}
+	if (args->agbp)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We didn't find an AG we can alloation from. If we were given
+	 * constraining flags by the caller, drop them and retry the allocation
+	 * without any constraints being set.
+	 */
+	if (alloc_flags & XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK) {
+		alloc_flags &= ~XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK;
+		restart_agno = minimum_agno;
+		goto restart;
+	}
+
+	ASSERT(args->pag == NULL);
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_allfailed(args);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate from the AGs from the start AG to the end of the filesystem, trying
+ * to allocate blocks. It starts with a near allocation attempt in the initial
+ * AG, then falls back to anywhere-in-ag after the first AG fails. It will wrap
+ * back to zero if allowed by previous allocations in this transaction,
+ * otherwise will wrap back to the start AG and run a second blocking pass to
+ * the end of the filesystem.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_start_ag(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_fsblock_t		target)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		start_agno;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		rotorstep = xfs_rotorstep;
+	bool			bump_rotor = false;
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags = XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK;
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(args->pag == NULL);
+
+	args->agno = NULLAGNUMBER;
+	args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_start_ag(args);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(args, target, &minimum_agno);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error == -ENOSPC)
+			return 0;
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	if ((args->datatype & XFS_ALLOC_INITIAL_USER_DATA) &&
+	    xfs_is_inode32(mp)) {
+		target = XFS_AGB_TO_FSB(mp,
+				((mp->m_agfrotor / rotorstep) %
+				mp->m_sb.sb_agcount), 0);
+		bump_rotor = 1;
+	}
+
+	start_agno = max(minimum_agno, XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target));
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_iterate_ags(args, minimum_agno, start_agno,
+			XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target), alloc_flags);
+
+	if (bump_rotor) {
+		if (args->agno == start_agno)
+			mp->m_agfrotor = (mp->m_agfrotor + 1) %
+				(mp->m_sb.sb_agcount * rotorstep);
+		else
+			mp->m_agfrotor = (args->agno * rotorstep + 1) %
+				(mp->m_sb.sb_agcount * rotorstep);
+	}
+
+	return xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args, minimum_agno, error, true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate from the agno indicated via @target through to the end of the
+ * filesystem attempting blocking allocation. This does not wrap or try a second
+ * pass, so will not recurse into AGs lower than indicated by the target.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_first_ag(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_fsblock_t		target)
+ {
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		start_agno;
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags = XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_TRYLOCK;
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(args->pag == NULL);
+
+	args->agno = NULLAGNUMBER;
+	args->agbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_first_ag(args);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(args, target, &minimum_agno);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error == -ENOSPC)
+			return 0;
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	start_agno = max(minimum_agno, XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target));
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_iterate_ags(args, minimum_agno, start_agno,
+			XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target), alloc_flags);
+	return xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args, minimum_agno, error, true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate at the exact block target or fail. Caller is expected to hold a
+ * perag reference in args->pag.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_exact_bno(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_fsblock_t		target)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno;
+	int			error;
+
+	ASSERT(args->pag != NULL);
+	ASSERT(args->pag->pag_agno == XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target));
+
+	args->agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target);
+	args->agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target);
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_exact_bno(args);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(args, target, &minimum_agno);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error == -ENOSPC)
+			return 0;
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_prepare_ag(args, 0);
+	if (!error && args->agbp)
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_exact(args);
+
+	return xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args, minimum_agno, error, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate an extent as close to the target as possible. If there are not
+ * viable candidates in the AG, then fail the allocation.
+ *
+ * Caller may or may not have a per-ag reference in args->pag.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_vextent_near_bno(
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	*args,
+	xfs_fsblock_t		target)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = args->mp;
+	xfs_agnumber_t		minimum_agno;
+	bool			needs_perag = args->pag == NULL;
+	uint32_t		alloc_flags = 0;
+	int			error;
+
+	if (!needs_perag)
+		ASSERT(args->pag->pag_agno == XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target));
+
+	args->agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, target);
+	args->agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, target);
+
+	trace_xfs_alloc_vextent_near_bno(args);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_check_args(args, target, &minimum_agno);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error == -ENOSPC)
+			return 0;
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	if (needs_perag)
+		args->pag = xfs_perag_grab(mp, args->agno);
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_vextent_prepare_ag(args, alloc_flags);
+	if (!error && args->agbp)
+		error = xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_near(args, alloc_flags);
+
+	return xfs_alloc_vextent_finish(args, minimum_agno, error, needs_perag);
+}
+
+/* Ensure that the freelist is at full capacity. */
+int
+xfs_free_extent_fix_freelist(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag,
+	struct xfs_buf		**agbp)
+{
+	struct xfs_alloc_arg	args;
+	int			error;
+
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(struct xfs_alloc_arg));
+	args.tp = tp;
+	args.mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	args.agno = pag->pag_agno;
+	args.pag = pag;
+
+	/*
+	 * validate that the block number is legal - the enables us to detect
+	 * and handle a silent filesystem corruption rather than crashing.
+	 */
+	if (args.agno >= args.mp->m_sb.sb_agcount)
+		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
+
+	error = xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(&args, XFS_ALLOC_FLAG_FREEING);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	*agbp = args.agbp;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free an extent.
+ * Just break up the extent address and hand off to xfs_free_ag_extent
+ * after fixing up the freelist.
+ */
+int
+__xfs_free_extent(
+	struct xfs_trans		*tp,
+	struct xfs_perag		*pag,
+	xfs_agblock_t			agbno,
+	xfs_extlen_t			len,
+	const struct xfs_owner_info	*oinfo,
+	enum xfs_ag_resv_type		type,
+	bool				skip_discard)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	struct xfs_buf			*agbp;
+	struct xfs_agf			*agf;
+	int				error;
+	unsigned int			busy_flags = 0;
+
+	ASSERT(len != 0);
+	ASSERT(type != XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL);
+
+	if (XFS_TEST_ERROR(false, mp,
+			XFS_ERRTAG_FREE_EXTENT))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	error = xfs_free_extent_fix_freelist(tp, pag, &agbp);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+	agf = agbp->b_addr;
+
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, agbno >= mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks)) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto err_release;
+	}
+
+	/* validate the extent size is legal now we have the agf locked */
+	if (XFS_IS_CORRUPT(mp, agbno + len > be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_length))) {
+		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto err_release;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_free_ag_extent(tp, agbp, pag->pag_agno, agbno, len, oinfo,
+			type);
+	if (error)
+		goto err_release;
+
+	if (skip_discard)
+		busy_flags |= XFS_EXTENT_BUSY_SKIP_DISCARD;
+	xfs_extent_busy_insert(tp, pag, agbno, len, busy_flags);
+	return 0;
+
+err_release:
+	xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agbp);
+	return error;
+}
+
+struct xfs_alloc_query_range_info {
+	xfs_alloc_query_range_fn	fn;
+	void				*priv;
+};
+
+/* Format btree record and pass to our callback. */
+STATIC int
+xfs_alloc_query_range_helper(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
+	const union xfs_btree_rec	*rec,
+	void				*priv)
+{
+	struct xfs_alloc_query_range_info	*query = priv;
+	struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore		irec;
+	xfs_failaddr_t				fa;
+
+	xfs_alloc_btrec_to_irec(rec, &irec);
+	fa = xfs_alloc_check_irec(cur, &irec);
+	if (fa)
+		return xfs_alloc_complain_bad_rec(cur, fa, &irec);
+
+	return query->fn(cur, &irec, query->priv);
+}
+
+/* Find all free space within a given range of blocks. */
+int
+xfs_alloc_query_range(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur			*cur,
+	const struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore	*low_rec,
+	const struct xfs_alloc_rec_incore	*high_rec,
+	xfs_alloc_query_range_fn		fn,
+	void					*priv)
+{
+	union xfs_btree_irec			low_brec = { .a = *low_rec };
+	union xfs_btree_irec			high_brec = { .a = *high_rec };
+	struct xfs_alloc_query_range_info	query = { .priv = priv, .fn = fn };
+
+	ASSERT(cur->bc_btnum == XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	return xfs_btree_query_range(cur, &low_brec, &high_brec,
+			xfs_alloc_query_range_helper, &query);
+}
+
+/* Find all free space records. */
+int
+xfs_alloc_query_all(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur			*cur,
+	xfs_alloc_query_range_fn		fn,
+	void					*priv)
+{
+	struct xfs_alloc_query_range_info	query;
+
+	ASSERT(cur->bc_btnum == XFS_BTNUM_BNO);
+	query.priv = priv;
+	query.fn = fn;
+	return xfs_btree_query_all(cur, xfs_alloc_query_range_helper, &query);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan part of the keyspace of the free space and tell us if the area has no
+ * records, is fully mapped by records, or is partially filled.
+ */
+int
+xfs_alloc_has_records(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur,
+	xfs_agblock_t		bno,
+	xfs_extlen_t		len,
+	enum xbtree_recpacking	*outcome)
+{
+	union xfs_btree_irec	low;
+	union xfs_btree_irec	high;
+
+	memset(&low, 0, sizeof(low));
+	low.a.ar_startblock = bno;
+	memset(&high, 0xFF, sizeof(high));
+	high.a.ar_startblock = bno + len - 1;
+
+	return xfs_btree_has_records(cur, &low, &high, NULL, outcome);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Walk all the blocks in the AGFL.  The @walk_fn can return any negative
+ * error code or XFS_ITER_*.
+ */
+int
+xfs_agfl_walk(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agflbp,
+	xfs_agfl_walk_fn	walk_fn,
+	void			*priv)
+{
+	__be32			*agfl_bno;
+	unsigned int		i;
+	int			error;
+
+	agfl_bno = xfs_buf_to_agfl_bno(agflbp);
+	i = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst);
+
+	/* Nothing to walk in an empty AGFL. */
+	if (agf->agf_flcount == cpu_to_be32(0))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Otherwise, walk from first to last, wrapping as needed. */
+	for (;;) {
+		error = walk_fn(mp, be32_to_cpu(agfl_bno[i]), priv);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+		if (i == be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast))
+			break;
+		if (++i == xfs_agfl_size(mp))
+			i = 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int __init
+xfs_extfree_intent_init_cache(void)
+{
+	xfs_extfree_item_cache = kmem_cache_create("xfs_extfree_intent",
+			sizeof(struct xfs_extent_free_item),
+			0, 0, NULL);
+
+	return xfs_extfree_item_cache != NULL ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+void
+xfs_extfree_intent_destroy_cache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(xfs_extfree_item_cache);
+	xfs_extfree_item_cache = NULL;
+}