Adding upstream version 6.6.15.upstream/6.6.15

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 4349 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/printk/printk.c b/kernel/printk/printk.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b3af15297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/printk/printk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4349 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ *  linux/kernel/printk.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * Modified to make sys_syslog() more flexible: added commands to
+ * return the last 4k of kernel messages, regardless of whether
+ * they've been read or not.  Added option to suppress kernel printk's
+ * to the console.  Added hook for sending the console messages
+ * elsewhere, in preparation for a serial line console (someday).
+ * Ted Ts'o, 2/11/93.
+ * Modified for sysctl support, 1/8/97, Chris Horn.
+ * Fixed SMP synchronization, 08/08/99, Manfred Spraul
+ *     manfred@colorfullife.com
+ * Rewrote bits to get rid of console_lock
+ *	01Mar01 Andrew Morton
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/tty.h>
+#include <linux/tty_driver.h>
+#include <linux/console.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/memblock.h>
+#include <linux/syscalls.h>
+#include <linux/crash_core.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
+#include <linux/syslog.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
+#include <linux/poll.h>
+#include <linux/irq_work.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
+#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
+#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
+
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>
+
+#include <trace/events/initcall.h>
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/printk.h>
+
+#include "printk_ringbuffer.h"
+#include "console_cmdline.h"
+#include "braille.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+
+int console_printk[4] = {
+	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* console_loglevel */
+	MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* default_message_loglevel */
+	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MIN,		/* minimum_console_loglevel */
+	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* default_console_loglevel */
+};
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(console_printk);
+
+atomic_t ignore_console_lock_warning __read_mostly = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(ignore_console_lock_warning);
+
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(console);
+
+/*
+ * Low level drivers may need that to know if they can schedule in
+ * their unblank() callback or not. So let's export it.
+ */
+int oops_in_progress;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(oops_in_progress);
+
+/*
+ * console_mutex protects console_list updates and console->flags updates.
+ * The flags are synchronized only for consoles that are registered, i.e.
+ * accessible via the console list.
+ */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(console_mutex);
+
+/*
+ * console_sem protects updates to console->seq
+ * and also provides serialization for console printing.
+ */
+static DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(console_sem, 1);
+HLIST_HEAD(console_list);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(console_list);
+DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(console_srcu);
+
+/*
+ * System may need to suppress printk message under certain
+ * circumstances, like after kernel panic happens.
+ */
+int __read_mostly suppress_printk;
+
+/*
+ * During panic, heavy printk by other CPUs can delay the
+ * panic and risk deadlock on console resources.
+ */
+static int __read_mostly suppress_panic_printk;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
+static struct lockdep_map console_lock_dep_map = {
+	.name = "console_lock"
+};
+
+void lockdep_assert_console_list_lock_held(void)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&console_mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lockdep_assert_console_list_lock_held);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
+bool console_srcu_read_lock_is_held(void)
+{
+	return srcu_read_lock_held(&console_srcu);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_srcu_read_lock_is_held);
+#endif
+
+enum devkmsg_log_bits {
+	__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_ON = 0,
+	__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_OFF,
+	__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_LOCK,
+};
+
+enum devkmsg_log_masks {
+	DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_ON             = BIT(__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_ON),
+	DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_OFF            = BIT(__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_OFF),
+	DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_LOCK           = BIT(__DEVKMSG_LOG_BIT_LOCK),
+};
+
+/* Keep both the 'on' and 'off' bits clear, i.e. ratelimit by default: */
+#define DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_DEFAULT	0
+
+static unsigned int __read_mostly devkmsg_log = DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_DEFAULT;
+
+static int __control_devkmsg(char *str)
+{
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!str)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	len = str_has_prefix(str, "on");
+	if (len) {
+		devkmsg_log = DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_ON;
+		return len;
+	}
+
+	len = str_has_prefix(str, "off");
+	if (len) {
+		devkmsg_log = DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_OFF;
+		return len;
+	}
+
+	len = str_has_prefix(str, "ratelimit");
+	if (len) {
+		devkmsg_log = DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_DEFAULT;
+		return len;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int __init control_devkmsg(char *str)
+{
+	if (__control_devkmsg(str) < 0) {
+		pr_warn("printk.devkmsg: bad option string '%s'\n", str);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set sysctl string accordingly:
+	 */
+	if (devkmsg_log == DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_ON)
+		strcpy(devkmsg_log_str, "on");
+	else if (devkmsg_log == DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_OFF)
+		strcpy(devkmsg_log_str, "off");
+	/* else "ratelimit" which is set by default. */
+
+	/*
+	 * Sysctl cannot change it anymore. The kernel command line setting of
+	 * this parameter is to force the setting to be permanent throughout the
+	 * runtime of the system. This is a precation measure against userspace
+	 * trying to be a smarta** and attempting to change it up on us.
+	 */
+	devkmsg_log |= DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_LOCK;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("printk.devkmsg=", control_devkmsg);
+
+char devkmsg_log_str[DEVKMSG_STR_MAX_SIZE] = "ratelimit";
+#if defined(CONFIG_PRINTK) && defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL)
+int devkmsg_sysctl_set_loglvl(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
+			      void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char old_str[DEVKMSG_STR_MAX_SIZE];
+	unsigned int old;
+	int err;
+
+	if (write) {
+		if (devkmsg_log & DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_LOCK)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		old = devkmsg_log;
+		strncpy(old_str, devkmsg_log_str, DEVKMSG_STR_MAX_SIZE);
+	}
+
+	err = proc_dostring(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (write) {
+		err = __control_devkmsg(devkmsg_log_str);
+
+		/*
+		 * Do not accept an unknown string OR a known string with
+		 * trailing crap...
+		 */
+		if (err < 0 || (err + 1 != *lenp)) {
+
+			/* ... and restore old setting. */
+			devkmsg_log = old;
+			strncpy(devkmsg_log_str, old_str, DEVKMSG_STR_MAX_SIZE);
+
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_PRINTK && CONFIG_SYSCTL */
+
+/**
+ * console_list_lock - Lock the console list
+ *
+ * For console list or console->flags updates
+ */
+void console_list_lock(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * In unregister_console() and console_force_preferred_locked(),
+	 * synchronize_srcu() is called with the console_list_lock held.
+	 * Therefore it is not allowed that the console_list_lock is taken
+	 * with the srcu_lock held.
+	 *
+	 * Detecting if this context is really in the read-side critical
+	 * section is only possible if the appropriate debug options are
+	 * enabled.
+	 */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled() &&
+		     srcu_read_lock_held(&console_srcu));
+
+	mutex_lock(&console_mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_list_lock);
+
+/**
+ * console_list_unlock - Unlock the console list
+ *
+ * Counterpart to console_list_lock()
+ */
+void console_list_unlock(void)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&console_mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_list_unlock);
+
+/**
+ * console_srcu_read_lock - Register a new reader for the
+ *	SRCU-protected console list
+ *
+ * Use for_each_console_srcu() to iterate the console list
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.
+ * Return: A cookie to pass to console_srcu_read_unlock().
+ */
+int console_srcu_read_lock(void)
+{
+	return srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(&console_srcu);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_srcu_read_lock);
+
+/**
+ * console_srcu_read_unlock - Unregister an old reader from
+ *	the SRCU-protected console list
+ * @cookie: cookie returned from console_srcu_read_lock()
+ *
+ * Counterpart to console_srcu_read_lock()
+ */
+void console_srcu_read_unlock(int cookie)
+{
+	srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(&console_srcu, cookie);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_srcu_read_unlock);
+
+/*
+ * Helper macros to handle lockdep when locking/unlocking console_sem. We use
+ * macros instead of functions so that _RET_IP_ contains useful information.
+ */
+#define down_console_sem() do { \
+	down(&console_sem);\
+	mutex_acquire(&console_lock_dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);\
+} while (0)
+
+static int __down_trylock_console_sem(unsigned long ip)
+{
+	int lock_failed;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * Here and in __up_console_sem() we need to be in safe mode,
+	 * because spindump/WARN/etc from under console ->lock will
+	 * deadlock in printk()->down_trylock_console_sem() otherwise.
+	 */
+	printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
+	lock_failed = down_trylock(&console_sem);
+	printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
+
+	if (lock_failed)
+		return 1;
+	mutex_acquire(&console_lock_dep_map, 0, 1, ip);
+	return 0;
+}
+#define down_trylock_console_sem() __down_trylock_console_sem(_RET_IP_)
+
+static void __up_console_sem(unsigned long ip)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	mutex_release(&console_lock_dep_map, ip);
+
+	printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
+	up(&console_sem);
+	printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
+}
+#define up_console_sem() __up_console_sem(_RET_IP_)
+
+static bool panic_in_progress(void)
+{
+	return unlikely(atomic_read(&panic_cpu) != PANIC_CPU_INVALID);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used for debugging the mess that is the VT code by
+ * keeping track if we have the console semaphore held. It's
+ * definitely not the perfect debug tool (we don't know if _WE_
+ * hold it and are racing, but it helps tracking those weird code
+ * paths in the console code where we end up in places I want
+ * locked without the console semaphore held).
+ */
+static int console_locked;
+
+/*
+ *	Array of consoles built from command line options (console=)
+ */
+
+#define MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES 8
+
+static struct console_cmdline console_cmdline[MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES];
+
+static int preferred_console = -1;
+int console_set_on_cmdline;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_set_on_cmdline);
+
+/* Flag: console code may call schedule() */
+static int console_may_schedule;
+
+enum con_msg_format_flags {
+	MSG_FORMAT_DEFAULT	= 0,
+	MSG_FORMAT_SYSLOG	= (1 << 0),
+};
+
+static int console_msg_format = MSG_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+
+/*
+ * The printk log buffer consists of a sequenced collection of records, each
+ * containing variable length message text. Every record also contains its
+ * own meta-data (@info).
+ *
+ * Every record meta-data carries the timestamp in microseconds, as well as
+ * the standard userspace syslog level and syslog facility. The usual kernel
+ * messages use LOG_KERN; userspace-injected messages always carry a matching
+ * syslog facility, by default LOG_USER. The origin of every message can be
+ * reliably determined that way.
+ *
+ * The human readable log message of a record is available in @text, the
+ * length of the message text in @text_len. The stored message is not
+ * terminated.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a record can carry a dictionary of properties (key/value
+ * pairs), to provide userspace with a machine-readable message context.
+ *
+ * Examples for well-defined, commonly used property names are:
+ *   DEVICE=b12:8               device identifier
+ *                                b12:8         block dev_t
+ *                                c127:3        char dev_t
+ *                                n8            netdev ifindex
+ *                                +sound:card0  subsystem:devname
+ *   SUBSYSTEM=pci              driver-core subsystem name
+ *
+ * Valid characters in property names are [a-zA-Z0-9.-_]. Property names
+ * and values are terminated by a '\0' character.
+ *
+ * Example of record values:
+ *   record.text_buf                = "it's a line" (unterminated)
+ *   record.info.seq                = 56
+ *   record.info.ts_nsec            = 36863
+ *   record.info.text_len           = 11
+ *   record.info.facility           = 0 (LOG_KERN)
+ *   record.info.flags              = 0
+ *   record.info.level              = 3 (LOG_ERR)
+ *   record.info.caller_id          = 299 (task 299)
+ *   record.info.dev_info.subsystem = "pci" (terminated)
+ *   record.info.dev_info.device    = "+pci:0000:00:01.0" (terminated)
+ *
+ * The 'struct printk_info' buffer must never be directly exported to
+ * userspace, it is a kernel-private implementation detail that might
+ * need to be changed in the future, when the requirements change.
+ *
+ * /dev/kmsg exports the structured data in the following line format:
+ *   "<level>,<sequnum>,<timestamp>,<contflag>[,additional_values, ... ];<message text>\n"
+ *
+ * Users of the export format should ignore possible additional values
+ * separated by ',', and find the message after the ';' character.
+ *
+ * The optional key/value pairs are attached as continuation lines starting
+ * with a space character and terminated by a newline. All possible
+ * non-prinatable characters are escaped in the "\xff" notation.
+ */
+
+/* syslog_lock protects syslog_* variables and write access to clear_seq. */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(syslog_lock);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(log_wait);
+/* All 3 protected by @syslog_lock. */
+/* the next printk record to read by syslog(READ) or /proc/kmsg */
+static u64 syslog_seq;
+static size_t syslog_partial;
+static bool syslog_time;
+
+struct latched_seq {
+	seqcount_latch_t	latch;
+	u64			val[2];
+};
+
+/*
+ * The next printk record to read after the last 'clear' command. There are
+ * two copies (updated with seqcount_latch) so that reads can locklessly
+ * access a valid value. Writers are synchronized by @syslog_lock.
+ */
+static struct latched_seq clear_seq = {
+	.latch		= SEQCNT_LATCH_ZERO(clear_seq.latch),
+	.val[0]		= 0,
+	.val[1]		= 0,
+};
+
+#define LOG_LEVEL(v)		((v) & 0x07)
+#define LOG_FACILITY(v)		((v) >> 3 & 0xff)
+
+/* record buffer */
+#define LOG_ALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long)
+#define __LOG_BUF_LEN (1 << CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT)
+#define LOG_BUF_LEN_MAX (u32)(1 << 31)
+static char __log_buf[__LOG_BUF_LEN] __aligned(LOG_ALIGN);
+static char *log_buf = __log_buf;
+static u32 log_buf_len = __LOG_BUF_LEN;
+
+/*
+ * Define the average message size. This only affects the number of
+ * descriptors that will be available. Underestimating is better than
+ * overestimating (too many available descriptors is better than not enough).
+ */
+#define PRB_AVGBITS 5	/* 32 character average length */
+
+#if CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT <= PRB_AVGBITS
+#error CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT value too small.
+#endif
+_DEFINE_PRINTKRB(printk_rb_static, CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT - PRB_AVGBITS,
+		 PRB_AVGBITS, &__log_buf[0]);
+
+static struct printk_ringbuffer printk_rb_dynamic;
+
+static struct printk_ringbuffer *prb = &printk_rb_static;
+
+/*
+ * We cannot access per-CPU data (e.g. per-CPU flush irq_work) before
+ * per_cpu_areas are initialised. This variable is set to true when
+ * it's safe to access per-CPU data.
+ */
+static bool __printk_percpu_data_ready __ro_after_init;
+
+bool printk_percpu_data_ready(void)
+{
+	return __printk_percpu_data_ready;
+}
+
+/* Must be called under syslog_lock. */
+static void latched_seq_write(struct latched_seq *ls, u64 val)
+{
+	raw_write_seqcount_latch(&ls->latch);
+	ls->val[0] = val;
+	raw_write_seqcount_latch(&ls->latch);
+	ls->val[1] = val;
+}
+
+/* Can be called from any context. */
+static u64 latched_seq_read_nolock(struct latched_seq *ls)
+{
+	unsigned int seq;
+	unsigned int idx;
+	u64 val;
+
+	do {
+		seq = raw_read_seqcount_latch(&ls->latch);
+		idx = seq & 0x1;
+		val = ls->val[idx];
+	} while (raw_read_seqcount_latch_retry(&ls->latch, seq));
+
+	return val;
+}
+
+/* Return log buffer address */
+char *log_buf_addr_get(void)
+{
+	return log_buf;
+}
+
+/* Return log buffer size */
+u32 log_buf_len_get(void)
+{
+	return log_buf_len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Define how much of the log buffer we could take at maximum. The value
+ * must be greater than two. Note that only half of the buffer is available
+ * when the index points to the middle.
+ */
+#define MAX_LOG_TAKE_PART 4
+static const char trunc_msg[] = "<truncated>";
+
+static void truncate_msg(u16 *text_len, u16 *trunc_msg_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The message should not take the whole buffer. Otherwise, it might
+	 * get removed too soon.
+	 */
+	u32 max_text_len = log_buf_len / MAX_LOG_TAKE_PART;
+
+	if (*text_len > max_text_len)
+		*text_len = max_text_len;
+
+	/* enable the warning message (if there is room) */
+	*trunc_msg_len = strlen(trunc_msg);
+	if (*text_len >= *trunc_msg_len)
+		*text_len -= *trunc_msg_len;
+	else
+		*trunc_msg_len = 0;
+}
+
+int dmesg_restrict = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SECURITY_DMESG_RESTRICT);
+
+static int syslog_action_restricted(int type)
+{
+	if (dmesg_restrict)
+		return 1;
+	/*
+	 * Unless restricted, we allow "read all" and "get buffer size"
+	 * for everybody.
+	 */
+	return type != SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL &&
+	       type != SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER;
+}
+
+static int check_syslog_permissions(int type, int source)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If this is from /proc/kmsg and we've already opened it, then we've
+	 * already done the capabilities checks at open time.
+	 */
+	if (source == SYSLOG_FROM_PROC && type != SYSLOG_ACTION_OPEN)
+		goto ok;
+
+	if (syslog_action_restricted(type)) {
+		if (capable(CAP_SYSLOG))
+			goto ok;
+		/*
+		 * For historical reasons, accept CAP_SYS_ADMIN too, with
+		 * a warning.
+		 */
+		if (capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
+			pr_warn_once("%s (%d): Attempt to access syslog with "
+				     "CAP_SYS_ADMIN but no CAP_SYSLOG "
+				     "(deprecated).\n",
+				 current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
+			goto ok;
+		}
+		return -EPERM;
+	}
+ok:
+	return security_syslog(type);
+}
+
+static void append_char(char **pp, char *e, char c)
+{
+	if (*pp < e)
+		*(*pp)++ = c;
+}
+
+static ssize_t info_print_ext_header(char *buf, size_t size,
+				     struct printk_info *info)
+{
+	u64 ts_usec = info->ts_nsec;
+	char caller[20];
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK_CALLER
+	u32 id = info->caller_id;
+
+	snprintf(caller, sizeof(caller), ",caller=%c%u",
+		 id & 0x80000000 ? 'C' : 'T', id & ~0x80000000);
+#else
+	caller[0] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+	do_div(ts_usec, 1000);
+
+	return scnprintf(buf, size, "%u,%llu,%llu,%c%s;",
+			 (info->facility << 3) | info->level, info->seq,
+			 ts_usec, info->flags & LOG_CONT ? 'c' : '-', caller);
+}
+
+static ssize_t msg_add_ext_text(char *buf, size_t size,
+				const char *text, size_t text_len,
+				unsigned char endc)
+{
+	char *p = buf, *e = buf + size;
+	size_t i;
+
+	/* escape non-printable characters */
+	for (i = 0; i < text_len; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = text[i];
+
+		if (c < ' ' || c >= 127 || c == '\\')
+			p += scnprintf(p, e - p, "\\x%02x", c);
+		else
+			append_char(&p, e, c);
+	}
+	append_char(&p, e, endc);
+
+	return p - buf;
+}
+
+static ssize_t msg_add_dict_text(char *buf, size_t size,
+				 const char *key, const char *val)
+{
+	size_t val_len = strlen(val);
+	ssize_t len;
+
+	if (!val_len)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = msg_add_ext_text(buf, size, "", 0, ' ');	/* dict prefix */
+	len += msg_add_ext_text(buf + len, size - len, key, strlen(key), '=');
+	len += msg_add_ext_text(buf + len, size - len, val, val_len, '\n');
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t msg_print_ext_body(char *buf, size_t size,
+				  char *text, size_t text_len,
+				  struct dev_printk_info *dev_info)
+{
+	ssize_t len;
+
+	len = msg_add_ext_text(buf, size, text, text_len, '\n');
+
+	if (!dev_info)
+		goto out;
+
+	len += msg_add_dict_text(buf + len, size - len, "SUBSYSTEM",
+				 dev_info->subsystem);
+	len += msg_add_dict_text(buf + len, size - len, "DEVICE",
+				 dev_info->device);
+out:
+	return len;
+}
+
+static bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
+				    bool is_extended, bool may_supress);
+
+/* /dev/kmsg - userspace message inject/listen interface */
+struct devkmsg_user {
+	atomic64_t seq;
+	struct ratelimit_state rs;
+	struct mutex lock;
+	struct printk_buffers pbufs;
+};
+
+static __printf(3, 4) __cold
+int devkmsg_emit(int facility, int level, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = vprintk_emit(facility, level, NULL, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static ssize_t devkmsg_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+	char *buf, *line;
+	int level = default_message_loglevel;
+	int facility = 1;	/* LOG_USER */
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct devkmsg_user *user = file->private_data;
+	size_t len = iov_iter_count(from);
+	ssize_t ret = len;
+
+	if (len > PRINTKRB_RECORD_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Ignore when user logging is disabled. */
+	if (devkmsg_log & DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_OFF)
+		return len;
+
+	/* Ratelimit when not explicitly enabled. */
+	if (!(devkmsg_log & DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_ON)) {
+		if (!___ratelimit(&user->rs, current->comm))
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	buf = kmalloc(len+1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	buf[len] = '\0';
+	if (!copy_from_iter_full(buf, len, from)) {
+		kfree(buf);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Extract and skip the syslog prefix <[0-9]*>. Coming from userspace
+	 * the decimal value represents 32bit, the lower 3 bit are the log
+	 * level, the rest are the log facility.
+	 *
+	 * If no prefix or no userspace facility is specified, we
+	 * enforce LOG_USER, to be able to reliably distinguish
+	 * kernel-generated messages from userspace-injected ones.
+	 */
+	line = buf;
+	if (line[0] == '<') {
+		char *endp = NULL;
+		unsigned int u;
+
+		u = simple_strtoul(line + 1, &endp, 10);
+		if (endp && endp[0] == '>') {
+			level = LOG_LEVEL(u);
+			if (LOG_FACILITY(u) != 0)
+				facility = LOG_FACILITY(u);
+			endp++;
+			line = endp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	devkmsg_emit(facility, level, "%s", line);
+	kfree(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t devkmsg_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
+			    size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	struct devkmsg_user *user = file->private_data;
+	char *outbuf = &user->pbufs.outbuf[0];
+	struct printk_message pmsg = {
+		.pbufs = &user->pbufs,
+	};
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = mutex_lock_interruptible(&user->lock);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!printk_get_next_message(&pmsg, atomic64_read(&user->seq), true, false)) {
+		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
+			ret = -EAGAIN;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Guarantee this task is visible on the waitqueue before
+		 * checking the wake condition.
+		 *
+		 * The full memory barrier within set_current_state() of
+		 * prepare_to_wait_event() pairs with the full memory barrier
+		 * within wq_has_sleeper().
+		 *
+		 * This pairs with __wake_up_klogd:A.
+		 */
+		ret = wait_event_interruptible(log_wait,
+				printk_get_next_message(&pmsg, atomic64_read(&user->seq), true,
+							false)); /* LMM(devkmsg_read:A) */
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (pmsg.dropped) {
+		/* our last seen message is gone, return error and reset */
+		atomic64_set(&user->seq, pmsg.seq);
+		ret = -EPIPE;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	atomic64_set(&user->seq, pmsg.seq + 1);
+
+	if (pmsg.outbuf_len > count) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (copy_to_user(buf, outbuf, pmsg.outbuf_len)) {
+		ret = -EFAULT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ret = pmsg.outbuf_len;
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&user->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Be careful when modifying this function!!!
+ *
+ * Only few operations are supported because the device works only with the
+ * entire variable length messages (records). Non-standard values are
+ * returned in the other cases and has been this way for quite some time.
+ * User space applications might depend on this behavior.
+ */
+static loff_t devkmsg_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	struct devkmsg_user *user = file->private_data;
+	loff_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (offset)
+		return -ESPIPE;
+
+	switch (whence) {
+	case SEEK_SET:
+		/* the first record */
+		atomic64_set(&user->seq, prb_first_valid_seq(prb));
+		break;
+	case SEEK_DATA:
+		/*
+		 * The first record after the last SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR,
+		 * like issued by 'dmesg -c'. Reading /dev/kmsg itself
+		 * changes no global state, and does not clear anything.
+		 */
+		atomic64_set(&user->seq, latched_seq_read_nolock(&clear_seq));
+		break;
+	case SEEK_END:
+		/* after the last record */
+		atomic64_set(&user->seq, prb_next_seq(prb));
+		break;
+	default:
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static __poll_t devkmsg_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
+{
+	struct devkmsg_user *user = file->private_data;
+	struct printk_info info;
+	__poll_t ret = 0;
+
+	poll_wait(file, &log_wait, wait);
+
+	if (prb_read_valid_info(prb, atomic64_read(&user->seq), &info, NULL)) {
+		/* return error when data has vanished underneath us */
+		if (info.seq != atomic64_read(&user->seq))
+			ret = EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDNORM|EPOLLERR|EPOLLPRI;
+		else
+			ret = EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDNORM;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int devkmsg_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct devkmsg_user *user;
+	int err;
+
+	if (devkmsg_log & DEVKMSG_LOG_MASK_OFF)
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	/* write-only does not need any file context */
+	if ((file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_WRONLY) {
+		err = check_syslog_permissions(SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL,
+					       SYSLOG_FROM_READER);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	user = kvmalloc(sizeof(struct devkmsg_user), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!user)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ratelimit_default_init(&user->rs);
+	ratelimit_set_flags(&user->rs, RATELIMIT_MSG_ON_RELEASE);
+
+	mutex_init(&user->lock);
+
+	atomic64_set(&user->seq, prb_first_valid_seq(prb));
+
+	file->private_data = user;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int devkmsg_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct devkmsg_user *user = file->private_data;
+
+	ratelimit_state_exit(&user->rs);
+
+	mutex_destroy(&user->lock);
+	kvfree(user);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const struct file_operations kmsg_fops = {
+	.open = devkmsg_open,
+	.read = devkmsg_read,
+	.write_iter = devkmsg_write,
+	.llseek = devkmsg_llseek,
+	.poll = devkmsg_poll,
+	.release = devkmsg_release,
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_CORE
+/*
+ * This appends the listed symbols to /proc/vmcore
+ *
+ * /proc/vmcore is used by various utilities, like crash and makedumpfile to
+ * obtain access to symbols that are otherwise very difficult to locate.  These
+ * symbols are specifically used so that utilities can access and extract the
+ * dmesg log from a vmcore file after a crash.
+ */
+void log_buf_vmcoreinfo_setup(void)
+{
+	struct dev_printk_info *dev_info = NULL;
+
+	VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(prb);
+	VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(printk_rb_static);
+	VMCOREINFO_SYMBOL(clear_seq);
+
+	/*
+	 * Export struct size and field offsets. User space tools can
+	 * parse it and detect any changes to structure down the line.
+	 */
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(printk_ringbuffer);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_ringbuffer, desc_ring);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_ringbuffer, text_data_ring);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_ringbuffer, fail);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(prb_desc_ring);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc_ring, count_bits);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc_ring, descs);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc_ring, infos);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc_ring, head_id);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc_ring, tail_id);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(prb_desc);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc, state_var);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_desc, text_blk_lpos);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(prb_data_blk_lpos);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_blk_lpos, begin);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_blk_lpos, next);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(printk_info);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_info, seq);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_info, ts_nsec);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_info, text_len);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_info, caller_id);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(printk_info, dev_info);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(dev_printk_info);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(dev_printk_info, subsystem);
+	VMCOREINFO_LENGTH(printk_info_subsystem, sizeof(dev_info->subsystem));
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(dev_printk_info, device);
+	VMCOREINFO_LENGTH(printk_info_device, sizeof(dev_info->device));
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(prb_data_ring);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_ring, size_bits);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_ring, data);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_ring, head_lpos);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(prb_data_ring, tail_lpos);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_SIZE(atomic_long_t);
+	VMCOREINFO_TYPE_OFFSET(atomic_long_t, counter);
+
+	VMCOREINFO_STRUCT_SIZE(latched_seq);
+	VMCOREINFO_OFFSET(latched_seq, val);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* requested log_buf_len from kernel cmdline */
+static unsigned long __initdata new_log_buf_len;
+
+/* we practice scaling the ring buffer by powers of 2 */
+static void __init log_buf_len_update(u64 size)
+{
+	if (size > (u64)LOG_BUF_LEN_MAX) {
+		size = (u64)LOG_BUF_LEN_MAX;
+		pr_err("log_buf over 2G is not supported.\n");
+	}
+
+	if (size)
+		size = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
+	if (size > log_buf_len)
+		new_log_buf_len = (unsigned long)size;
+}
+
+/* save requested log_buf_len since it's too early to process it */
+static int __init log_buf_len_setup(char *str)
+{
+	u64 size;
+
+	if (!str)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	size = memparse(str, &str);
+
+	log_buf_len_update(size);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("log_buf_len", log_buf_len_setup);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define __LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_LEN (1 << CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT)
+
+static void __init log_buf_add_cpu(void)
+{
+	unsigned int cpu_extra;
+
+	/*
+	 * archs should set up cpu_possible_bits properly with
+	 * set_cpu_possible() after setup_arch() but just in
+	 * case lets ensure this is valid.
+	 */
+	if (num_possible_cpus() == 1)
+		return;
+
+	cpu_extra = (num_possible_cpus() - 1) * __LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_LEN;
+
+	/* by default this will only continue through for large > 64 CPUs */
+	if (cpu_extra <= __LOG_BUF_LEN / 2)
+		return;
+
+	pr_info("log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: %d bytes\n",
+		__LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_LEN);
+	pr_info("log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: %d bytes\n",
+		cpu_extra);
+	pr_info("log_buf_len min size: %d bytes\n", __LOG_BUF_LEN);
+
+	log_buf_len_update(cpu_extra + __LOG_BUF_LEN);
+}
+#else /* !CONFIG_SMP */
+static inline void log_buf_add_cpu(void) {}
+#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
+
+static void __init set_percpu_data_ready(void)
+{
+	__printk_percpu_data_ready = true;
+}
+
+static unsigned int __init add_to_rb(struct printk_ringbuffer *rb,
+				     struct printk_record *r)
+{
+	struct prb_reserved_entry e;
+	struct printk_record dest_r;
+
+	prb_rec_init_wr(&dest_r, r->info->text_len);
+
+	if (!prb_reserve(&e, rb, &dest_r))
+		return 0;
+
+	memcpy(&dest_r.text_buf[0], &r->text_buf[0], r->info->text_len);
+	dest_r.info->text_len = r->info->text_len;
+	dest_r.info->facility = r->info->facility;
+	dest_r.info->level = r->info->level;
+	dest_r.info->flags = r->info->flags;
+	dest_r.info->ts_nsec = r->info->ts_nsec;
+	dest_r.info->caller_id = r->info->caller_id;
+	memcpy(&dest_r.info->dev_info, &r->info->dev_info, sizeof(dest_r.info->dev_info));
+
+	prb_final_commit(&e);
+
+	return prb_record_text_space(&e);
+}
+
+static char setup_text_buf[PRINTKRB_RECORD_MAX] __initdata;
+
+void __init setup_log_buf(int early)
+{
+	struct printk_info *new_infos;
+	unsigned int new_descs_count;
+	struct prb_desc *new_descs;
+	struct printk_info info;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	unsigned int text_size;
+	size_t new_descs_size;
+	size_t new_infos_size;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	char *new_log_buf;
+	unsigned int free;
+	u64 seq;
+
+	/*
+	 * Some archs call setup_log_buf() multiple times - first is very
+	 * early, e.g. from setup_arch(), and second - when percpu_areas
+	 * are initialised.
+	 */
+	if (!early)
+		set_percpu_data_ready();
+
+	if (log_buf != __log_buf)
+		return;
+
+	if (!early && !new_log_buf_len)
+		log_buf_add_cpu();
+
+	if (!new_log_buf_len)
+		return;
+
+	new_descs_count = new_log_buf_len >> PRB_AVGBITS;
+	if (new_descs_count == 0) {
+		pr_err("new_log_buf_len: %lu too small\n", new_log_buf_len);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	new_log_buf = memblock_alloc(new_log_buf_len, LOG_ALIGN);
+	if (unlikely(!new_log_buf)) {
+		pr_err("log_buf_len: %lu text bytes not available\n",
+		       new_log_buf_len);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	new_descs_size = new_descs_count * sizeof(struct prb_desc);
+	new_descs = memblock_alloc(new_descs_size, LOG_ALIGN);
+	if (unlikely(!new_descs)) {
+		pr_err("log_buf_len: %zu desc bytes not available\n",
+		       new_descs_size);
+		goto err_free_log_buf;
+	}
+
+	new_infos_size = new_descs_count * sizeof(struct printk_info);
+	new_infos = memblock_alloc(new_infos_size, LOG_ALIGN);
+	if (unlikely(!new_infos)) {
+		pr_err("log_buf_len: %zu info bytes not available\n",
+		       new_infos_size);
+		goto err_free_descs;
+	}
+
+	prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, &setup_text_buf[0], sizeof(setup_text_buf));
+
+	prb_init(&printk_rb_dynamic,
+		 new_log_buf, ilog2(new_log_buf_len),
+		 new_descs, ilog2(new_descs_count),
+		 new_infos);
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+
+	log_buf_len = new_log_buf_len;
+	log_buf = new_log_buf;
+	new_log_buf_len = 0;
+
+	free = __LOG_BUF_LEN;
+	prb_for_each_record(0, &printk_rb_static, seq, &r) {
+		text_size = add_to_rb(&printk_rb_dynamic, &r);
+		if (text_size > free)
+			free = 0;
+		else
+			free -= text_size;
+	}
+
+	prb = &printk_rb_dynamic;
+
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy any remaining messages that might have appeared from
+	 * NMI context after copying but before switching to the
+	 * dynamic buffer.
+	 */
+	prb_for_each_record(seq, &printk_rb_static, seq, &r) {
+		text_size = add_to_rb(&printk_rb_dynamic, &r);
+		if (text_size > free)
+			free = 0;
+		else
+			free -= text_size;
+	}
+
+	if (seq != prb_next_seq(&printk_rb_static)) {
+		pr_err("dropped %llu messages\n",
+		       prb_next_seq(&printk_rb_static) - seq);
+	}
+
+	pr_info("log_buf_len: %u bytes\n", log_buf_len);
+	pr_info("early log buf free: %u(%u%%)\n",
+		free, (free * 100) / __LOG_BUF_LEN);
+	return;
+
+err_free_descs:
+	memblock_free(new_descs, new_descs_size);
+err_free_log_buf:
+	memblock_free(new_log_buf, new_log_buf_len);
+}
+
+static bool __read_mostly ignore_loglevel;
+
+static int __init ignore_loglevel_setup(char *str)
+{
+	ignore_loglevel = true;
+	pr_info("debug: ignoring loglevel setting.\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+early_param("ignore_loglevel", ignore_loglevel_setup);
+module_param(ignore_loglevel, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(ignore_loglevel,
+		 "ignore loglevel setting (prints all kernel messages to the console)");
+
+static bool suppress_message_printing(int level)
+{
+	return (level >= console_loglevel && !ignore_loglevel);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY
+
+static int boot_delay; /* msecs delay after each printk during bootup */
+static unsigned long long loops_per_msec;	/* based on boot_delay */
+
+static int __init boot_delay_setup(char *str)
+{
+	unsigned long lpj;
+
+	lpj = preset_lpj ? preset_lpj : 1000000;	/* some guess */
+	loops_per_msec = (unsigned long long)lpj / 1000 * HZ;
+
+	get_option(&str, &boot_delay);
+	if (boot_delay > 10 * 1000)
+		boot_delay = 0;
+
+	pr_debug("boot_delay: %u, preset_lpj: %ld, lpj: %lu, "
+		"HZ: %d, loops_per_msec: %llu\n",
+		boot_delay, preset_lpj, lpj, HZ, loops_per_msec);
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("boot_delay", boot_delay_setup);
+
+static void boot_delay_msec(int level)
+{
+	unsigned long long k;
+	unsigned long timeout;
+
+	if ((boot_delay == 0 || system_state >= SYSTEM_RUNNING)
+		|| suppress_message_printing(level)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	k = (unsigned long long)loops_per_msec * boot_delay;
+
+	timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(boot_delay);
+	while (k) {
+		k--;
+		cpu_relax();
+		/*
+		 * use (volatile) jiffies to prevent
+		 * compiler reduction; loop termination via jiffies
+		 * is secondary and may or may not happen.
+		 */
+		if (time_after(jiffies, timeout))
+			break;
+		touch_nmi_watchdog();
+	}
+}
+#else
+static inline void boot_delay_msec(int level)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+static bool printk_time = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME);
+module_param_named(time, printk_time, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+
+static size_t print_syslog(unsigned int level, char *buf)
+{
+	return sprintf(buf, "<%u>", level);
+}
+
+static size_t print_time(u64 ts, char *buf)
+{
+	unsigned long rem_nsec = do_div(ts, 1000000000);
+
+	return sprintf(buf, "[%5lu.%06lu]",
+		       (unsigned long)ts, rem_nsec / 1000);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK_CALLER
+static size_t print_caller(u32 id, char *buf)
+{
+	char caller[12];
+
+	snprintf(caller, sizeof(caller), "%c%u",
+		 id & 0x80000000 ? 'C' : 'T', id & ~0x80000000);
+	return sprintf(buf, "[%6s]", caller);
+}
+#else
+#define print_caller(id, buf) 0
+#endif
+
+static size_t info_print_prefix(const struct printk_info  *info, bool syslog,
+				bool time, char *buf)
+{
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	if (syslog)
+		len = print_syslog((info->facility << 3) | info->level, buf);
+
+	if (time)
+		len += print_time(info->ts_nsec, buf + len);
+
+	len += print_caller(info->caller_id, buf + len);
+
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PRINTK_CALLER) || time) {
+		buf[len++] = ' ';
+		buf[len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare the record for printing. The text is shifted within the given
+ * buffer to avoid a need for another one. The following operations are
+ * done:
+ *
+ *   - Add prefix for each line.
+ *   - Drop truncated lines that no longer fit into the buffer.
+ *   - Add the trailing newline that has been removed in vprintk_store().
+ *   - Add a string terminator.
+ *
+ * Since the produced string is always terminated, the maximum possible
+ * return value is @r->text_buf_size - 1;
+ *
+ * Return: The length of the updated/prepared text, including the added
+ * prefixes and the newline. The terminator is not counted. The dropped
+ * line(s) are not counted.
+ */
+static size_t record_print_text(struct printk_record *r, bool syslog,
+				bool time)
+{
+	size_t text_len = r->info->text_len;
+	size_t buf_size = r->text_buf_size;
+	char *text = r->text_buf;
+	char prefix[PRINTK_PREFIX_MAX];
+	bool truncated = false;
+	size_t prefix_len;
+	size_t line_len;
+	size_t len = 0;
+	char *next;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the message was truncated because the buffer was not large
+	 * enough, treat the available text as if it were the full text.
+	 */
+	if (text_len > buf_size)
+		text_len = buf_size;
+
+	prefix_len = info_print_prefix(r->info, syslog, time, prefix);
+
+	/*
+	 * @text_len: bytes of unprocessed text
+	 * @line_len: bytes of current line _without_ newline
+	 * @text:     pointer to beginning of current line
+	 * @len:      number of bytes prepared in r->text_buf
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		next = memchr(text, '\n', text_len);
+		if (next) {
+			line_len = next - text;
+		} else {
+			/* Drop truncated line(s). */
+			if (truncated)
+				break;
+			line_len = text_len;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Truncate the text if there is not enough space to add the
+		 * prefix and a trailing newline and a terminator.
+		 */
+		if (len + prefix_len + text_len + 1 + 1 > buf_size) {
+			/* Drop even the current line if no space. */
+			if (len + prefix_len + line_len + 1 + 1 > buf_size)
+				break;
+
+			text_len = buf_size - len - prefix_len - 1 - 1;
+			truncated = true;
+		}
+
+		memmove(text + prefix_len, text, text_len);
+		memcpy(text, prefix, prefix_len);
+
+		/*
+		 * Increment the prepared length to include the text and
+		 * prefix that were just moved+copied. Also increment for the
+		 * newline at the end of this line. If this is the last line,
+		 * there is no newline, but it will be added immediately below.
+		 */
+		len += prefix_len + line_len + 1;
+		if (text_len == line_len) {
+			/*
+			 * This is the last line. Add the trailing newline
+			 * removed in vprintk_store().
+			 */
+			text[prefix_len + line_len] = '\n';
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Advance beyond the added prefix and the related line with
+		 * its newline.
+		 */
+		text += prefix_len + line_len + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * The remaining text has only decreased by the line with its
+		 * newline.
+		 *
+		 * Note that @text_len can become zero. It happens when @text
+		 * ended with a newline (either due to truncation or the
+		 * original string ending with "\n\n"). The loop is correctly
+		 * repeated and (if not truncated) an empty line with a prefix
+		 * will be prepared.
+		 */
+		text_len -= line_len + 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If a buffer was provided, it will be terminated. Space for the
+	 * string terminator is guaranteed to be available. The terminator is
+	 * not counted in the return value.
+	 */
+	if (buf_size > 0)
+		r->text_buf[len] = 0;
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+static size_t get_record_print_text_size(struct printk_info *info,
+					 unsigned int line_count,
+					 bool syslog, bool time)
+{
+	char prefix[PRINTK_PREFIX_MAX];
+	size_t prefix_len;
+
+	prefix_len = info_print_prefix(info, syslog, time, prefix);
+
+	/*
+	 * Each line will be preceded with a prefix. The intermediate
+	 * newlines are already within the text, but a final trailing
+	 * newline will be added.
+	 */
+	return ((prefix_len * line_count) + info->text_len + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Beginning with @start_seq, find the first record where it and all following
+ * records up to (but not including) @max_seq fit into @size.
+ *
+ * @max_seq is simply an upper bound and does not need to exist. If the caller
+ * does not require an upper bound, -1 can be used for @max_seq.
+ */
+static u64 find_first_fitting_seq(u64 start_seq, u64 max_seq, size_t size,
+				  bool syslog, bool time)
+{
+	struct printk_info info;
+	unsigned int line_count;
+	size_t len = 0;
+	u64 seq;
+
+	/* Determine the size of the records up to @max_seq. */
+	prb_for_each_info(start_seq, prb, seq, &info, &line_count) {
+		if (info.seq >= max_seq)
+			break;
+		len += get_record_print_text_size(&info, line_count, syslog, time);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjust the upper bound for the next loop to avoid subtracting
+	 * lengths that were never added.
+	 */
+	if (seq < max_seq)
+		max_seq = seq;
+
+	/*
+	 * Move first record forward until length fits into the buffer. Ignore
+	 * newest messages that were not counted in the above cycle. Messages
+	 * might appear and get lost in the meantime. This is a best effort
+	 * that prevents an infinite loop that could occur with a retry.
+	 */
+	prb_for_each_info(start_seq, prb, seq, &info, &line_count) {
+		if (len <= size || info.seq >= max_seq)
+			break;
+		len -= get_record_print_text_size(&info, line_count, syslog, time);
+	}
+
+	return seq;
+}
+
+/* The caller is responsible for making sure @size is greater than 0. */
+static int syslog_print(char __user *buf, int size)
+{
+	struct printk_info info;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	char *text;
+	int len = 0;
+	u64 seq;
+
+	text = kmalloc(PRINTK_MESSAGE_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!text)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, text, PRINTK_MESSAGE_MAX);
+
+	mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait for the @syslog_seq record to be available. @syslog_seq may
+	 * change while waiting.
+	 */
+	do {
+		seq = syslog_seq;
+
+		mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+		/*
+		 * Guarantee this task is visible on the waitqueue before
+		 * checking the wake condition.
+		 *
+		 * The full memory barrier within set_current_state() of
+		 * prepare_to_wait_event() pairs with the full memory barrier
+		 * within wq_has_sleeper().
+		 *
+		 * This pairs with __wake_up_klogd:A.
+		 */
+		len = wait_event_interruptible(log_wait,
+				prb_read_valid(prb, seq, NULL)); /* LMM(syslog_print:A) */
+		mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+
+		if (len)
+			goto out;
+	} while (syslog_seq != seq);
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy records that fit into the buffer. The above cycle makes sure
+	 * that the first record is always available.
+	 */
+	do {
+		size_t n;
+		size_t skip;
+		int err;
+
+		if (!prb_read_valid(prb, syslog_seq, &r))
+			break;
+
+		if (r.info->seq != syslog_seq) {
+			/* message is gone, move to next valid one */
+			syslog_seq = r.info->seq;
+			syslog_partial = 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * To keep reading/counting partial line consistent,
+		 * use printk_time value as of the beginning of a line.
+		 */
+		if (!syslog_partial)
+			syslog_time = printk_time;
+
+		skip = syslog_partial;
+		n = record_print_text(&r, true, syslog_time);
+		if (n - syslog_partial <= size) {
+			/* message fits into buffer, move forward */
+			syslog_seq = r.info->seq + 1;
+			n -= syslog_partial;
+			syslog_partial = 0;
+		} else if (!len){
+			/* partial read(), remember position */
+			n = size;
+			syslog_partial += n;
+		} else
+			n = 0;
+
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+
+		mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+		err = copy_to_user(buf, text + skip, n);
+		mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+
+		if (err) {
+			if (!len)
+				len = -EFAULT;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		len += n;
+		size -= n;
+		buf += n;
+	} while (size);
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+	kfree(text);
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int syslog_print_all(char __user *buf, int size, bool clear)
+{
+	struct printk_info info;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	char *text;
+	int len = 0;
+	u64 seq;
+	bool time;
+
+	text = kmalloc(PRINTK_MESSAGE_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!text)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	time = printk_time;
+	/*
+	 * Find first record that fits, including all following records,
+	 * into the user-provided buffer for this dump.
+	 */
+	seq = find_first_fitting_seq(latched_seq_read_nolock(&clear_seq), -1,
+				     size, true, time);
+
+	prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, text, PRINTK_MESSAGE_MAX);
+
+	len = 0;
+	prb_for_each_record(seq, prb, seq, &r) {
+		int textlen;
+
+		textlen = record_print_text(&r, true, time);
+
+		if (len + textlen > size) {
+			seq--;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (copy_to_user(buf + len, text, textlen))
+			len = -EFAULT;
+		else
+			len += textlen;
+
+		if (len < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (clear) {
+		mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+		latched_seq_write(&clear_seq, seq);
+		mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+	}
+
+	kfree(text);
+	return len;
+}
+
+static void syslog_clear(void)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+	latched_seq_write(&clear_seq, prb_next_seq(prb));
+	mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+}
+
+int do_syslog(int type, char __user *buf, int len, int source)
+{
+	struct printk_info info;
+	bool clear = false;
+	static int saved_console_loglevel = LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT;
+	int error;
+
+	error = check_syslog_permissions(type, source);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_CLOSE:	/* Close log */
+		break;
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_OPEN:	/* Open log */
+		break;
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_READ:	/* Read from log */
+		if (!buf || len < 0)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (!len)
+			return 0;
+		if (!access_ok(buf, len))
+			return -EFAULT;
+		error = syslog_print(buf, len);
+		break;
+	/* Read/clear last kernel messages */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_CLEAR:
+		clear = true;
+		fallthrough;
+	/* Read last kernel messages */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL:
+		if (!buf || len < 0)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (!len)
+			return 0;
+		if (!access_ok(buf, len))
+			return -EFAULT;
+		error = syslog_print_all(buf, len, clear);
+		break;
+	/* Clear ring buffer */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR:
+		syslog_clear();
+		break;
+	/* Disable logging to console */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_OFF:
+		if (saved_console_loglevel == LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT)
+			saved_console_loglevel = console_loglevel;
+		console_loglevel = minimum_console_loglevel;
+		break;
+	/* Enable logging to console */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_ON:
+		if (saved_console_loglevel != LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT) {
+			console_loglevel = saved_console_loglevel;
+			saved_console_loglevel = LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT;
+		}
+		break;
+	/* Set level of messages printed to console */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_LEVEL:
+		if (len < 1 || len > 8)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (len < minimum_console_loglevel)
+			len = minimum_console_loglevel;
+		console_loglevel = len;
+		/* Implicitly re-enable logging to console */
+		saved_console_loglevel = LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT;
+		break;
+	/* Number of chars in the log buffer */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD:
+		mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+		if (!prb_read_valid_info(prb, syslog_seq, &info, NULL)) {
+			/* No unread messages. */
+			mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (info.seq != syslog_seq) {
+			/* messages are gone, move to first one */
+			syslog_seq = info.seq;
+			syslog_partial = 0;
+		}
+		if (source == SYSLOG_FROM_PROC) {
+			/*
+			 * Short-cut for poll(/"proc/kmsg") which simply checks
+			 * for pending data, not the size; return the count of
+			 * records, not the length.
+			 */
+			error = prb_next_seq(prb) - syslog_seq;
+		} else {
+			bool time = syslog_partial ? syslog_time : printk_time;
+			unsigned int line_count;
+			u64 seq;
+
+			prb_for_each_info(syslog_seq, prb, seq, &info,
+					  &line_count) {
+				error += get_record_print_text_size(&info, line_count,
+								    true, time);
+				time = printk_time;
+			}
+			error -= syslog_partial;
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+		break;
+	/* Size of the log buffer */
+	case SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER:
+		error = log_buf_len;
+		break;
+	default:
+		error = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+SYSCALL_DEFINE3(syslog, int, type, char __user *, buf, int, len)
+{
+	return do_syslog(type, buf, len, SYSLOG_FROM_READER);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Special console_lock variants that help to reduce the risk of soft-lockups.
+ * They allow to pass console_lock to another printk() call using a busy wait.
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
+static struct lockdep_map console_owner_dep_map = {
+	.name = "console_owner"
+};
+#endif
+
+static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(console_owner_lock);
+static struct task_struct *console_owner;
+static bool console_waiter;
+
+/**
+ * console_lock_spinning_enable - mark beginning of code where another
+ *	thread might safely busy wait
+ *
+ * This basically converts console_lock into a spinlock. This marks
+ * the section where the console_lock owner can not sleep, because
+ * there may be a waiter spinning (like a spinlock). Also it must be
+ * ready to hand over the lock at the end of the section.
+ */
+static void console_lock_spinning_enable(void)
+{
+	raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
+	console_owner = current;
+	raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
+
+	/* The waiter may spin on us after setting console_owner */
+	spin_acquire(&console_owner_dep_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check - mark end of code where another
+ *	thread was able to busy wait and check if there is a waiter
+ * @cookie: cookie returned from console_srcu_read_lock()
+ *
+ * This is called at the end of the section where spinning is allowed.
+ * It has two functions. First, it is a signal that it is no longer
+ * safe to start busy waiting for the lock. Second, it checks if
+ * there is a busy waiter and passes the lock rights to her.
+ *
+ * Important: Callers lose both the console_lock and the SRCU read lock if
+ *	there was a busy waiter. They must not touch items synchronized by
+ *	console_lock or SRCU read lock in this case.
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the lock rights were passed, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check(int cookie)
+{
+	int waiter;
+
+	raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
+	waiter = READ_ONCE(console_waiter);
+	console_owner = NULL;
+	raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
+
+	if (!waiter) {
+		spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, _THIS_IP_);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* The waiter is now free to continue */
+	WRITE_ONCE(console_waiter, false);
+
+	spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, _THIS_IP_);
+
+	/*
+	 * Preserve lockdep lock ordering. Release the SRCU read lock before
+	 * releasing the console_lock.
+	 */
+	console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+
+	/*
+	 * Hand off console_lock to waiter. The waiter will perform
+	 * the up(). After this, the waiter is the console_lock owner.
+	 */
+	mutex_release(&console_lock_dep_map, _THIS_IP_);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_trylock_spinning - try to get console_lock by busy waiting
+ *
+ * This allows to busy wait for the console_lock when the current
+ * owner is running in specially marked sections. It means that
+ * the current owner is running and cannot reschedule until it
+ * is ready to lose the lock.
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if we got the lock, 0 othrewise
+ */
+static int console_trylock_spinning(void)
+{
+	struct task_struct *owner = NULL;
+	bool waiter;
+	bool spin = false;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (console_trylock())
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * It's unsafe to spin once a panic has begun. If we are the
+	 * panic CPU, we may have already halted the owner of the
+	 * console_sem. If we are not the panic CPU, then we should
+	 * avoid taking console_sem, so the panic CPU has a better
+	 * chance of cleanly acquiring it later.
+	 */
+	if (panic_in_progress())
+		return 0;
+
+	printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
+
+	raw_spin_lock(&console_owner_lock);
+	owner = READ_ONCE(console_owner);
+	waiter = READ_ONCE(console_waiter);
+	if (!waiter && owner && owner != current) {
+		WRITE_ONCE(console_waiter, true);
+		spin = true;
+	}
+	raw_spin_unlock(&console_owner_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is an active printk() writing to the
+	 * consoles, instead of having it write our data too,
+	 * see if we can offload that load from the active
+	 * printer, and do some printing ourselves.
+	 * Go into a spin only if there isn't already a waiter
+	 * spinning, and there is an active printer, and
+	 * that active printer isn't us (recursive printk?).
+	 */
+	if (!spin) {
+		printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* We spin waiting for the owner to release us */
+	spin_acquire(&console_owner_dep_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
+	/* Owner will clear console_waiter on hand off */
+	while (READ_ONCE(console_waiter))
+		cpu_relax();
+	spin_release(&console_owner_dep_map, _THIS_IP_);
+
+	printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
+	/*
+	 * The owner passed the console lock to us.
+	 * Since we did not spin on console lock, annotate
+	 * this as a trylock. Otherwise lockdep will
+	 * complain.
+	 */
+	mutex_acquire(&console_lock_dep_map, 0, 1, _THIS_IP_);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recursion is tracked separately on each CPU. If NMIs are supported, an
+ * additional NMI context per CPU is also separately tracked. Until per-CPU
+ * is available, a separate "early tracking" is performed.
+ */
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u8, printk_count);
+static u8 printk_count_early;
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_NMI
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u8, printk_count_nmi);
+static u8 printk_count_nmi_early;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Recursion is limited to keep the output sane. printk() should not require
+ * more than 1 level of recursion (allowing, for example, printk() to trigger
+ * a WARN), but a higher value is used in case some printk-internal errors
+ * exist, such as the ringbuffer validation checks failing.
+ */
+#define PRINTK_MAX_RECURSION 3
+
+/*
+ * Return a pointer to the dedicated counter for the CPU+context of the
+ * caller.
+ */
+static u8 *__printk_recursion_counter(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_NMI
+	if (in_nmi()) {
+		if (printk_percpu_data_ready())
+			return this_cpu_ptr(&printk_count_nmi);
+		return &printk_count_nmi_early;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (printk_percpu_data_ready())
+		return this_cpu_ptr(&printk_count);
+	return &printk_count_early;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Enter recursion tracking. Interrupts are disabled to simplify tracking.
+ * The caller must check the boolean return value to see if the recursion is
+ * allowed. On failure, interrupts are not disabled.
+ *
+ * @recursion_ptr must be a variable of type (u8 *) and is the same variable
+ * that is passed to printk_exit_irqrestore().
+ */
+#define printk_enter_irqsave(recursion_ptr, flags)	\
+({							\
+	bool success = true;				\
+							\
+	typecheck(u8 *, recursion_ptr);			\
+	local_irq_save(flags);				\
+	(recursion_ptr) = __printk_recursion_counter();	\
+	if (*(recursion_ptr) > PRINTK_MAX_RECURSION) {	\
+		local_irq_restore(flags);		\
+		success = false;			\
+	} else {					\
+		(*(recursion_ptr))++;			\
+	}						\
+	success;					\
+})
+
+/* Exit recursion tracking, restoring interrupts. */
+#define printk_exit_irqrestore(recursion_ptr, flags)	\
+	do {						\
+		typecheck(u8 *, recursion_ptr);		\
+		(*(recursion_ptr))--;			\
+		local_irq_restore(flags);		\
+	} while (0)
+
+int printk_delay_msec __read_mostly;
+
+static inline void printk_delay(int level)
+{
+	boot_delay_msec(level);
+
+	if (unlikely(printk_delay_msec)) {
+		int m = printk_delay_msec;
+
+		while (m--) {
+			mdelay(1);
+			touch_nmi_watchdog();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static inline u32 printk_caller_id(void)
+{
+	return in_task() ? task_pid_nr(current) :
+		0x80000000 + smp_processor_id();
+}
+
+/**
+ * printk_parse_prefix - Parse level and control flags.
+ *
+ * @text:     The terminated text message.
+ * @level:    A pointer to the current level value, will be updated.
+ * @flags:    A pointer to the current printk_info flags, will be updated.
+ *
+ * @level may be NULL if the caller is not interested in the parsed value.
+ * Otherwise the variable pointed to by @level must be set to
+ * LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT in order to be updated with the parsed value.
+ *
+ * @flags may be NULL if the caller is not interested in the parsed value.
+ * Otherwise the variable pointed to by @flags will be OR'd with the parsed
+ * value.
+ *
+ * Return: The length of the parsed level and control flags.
+ */
+u16 printk_parse_prefix(const char *text, int *level,
+			enum printk_info_flags *flags)
+{
+	u16 prefix_len = 0;
+	int kern_level;
+
+	while (*text) {
+		kern_level = printk_get_level(text);
+		if (!kern_level)
+			break;
+
+		switch (kern_level) {
+		case '0' ... '7':
+			if (level && *level == LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT)
+				*level = kern_level - '0';
+			break;
+		case 'c':	/* KERN_CONT */
+			if (flags)
+				*flags |= LOG_CONT;
+		}
+
+		prefix_len += 2;
+		text += 2;
+	}
+
+	return prefix_len;
+}
+
+__printf(5, 0)
+static u16 printk_sprint(char *text, u16 size, int facility,
+			 enum printk_info_flags *flags, const char *fmt,
+			 va_list args)
+{
+	u16 text_len;
+
+	text_len = vscnprintf(text, size, fmt, args);
+
+	/* Mark and strip a trailing newline. */
+	if (text_len && text[text_len - 1] == '\n') {
+		text_len--;
+		*flags |= LOG_NEWLINE;
+	}
+
+	/* Strip log level and control flags. */
+	if (facility == 0) {
+		u16 prefix_len;
+
+		prefix_len = printk_parse_prefix(text, NULL, NULL);
+		if (prefix_len) {
+			text_len -= prefix_len;
+			memmove(text, text + prefix_len, text_len);
+		}
+	}
+
+	trace_console(text, text_len);
+
+	return text_len;
+}
+
+__printf(4, 0)
+int vprintk_store(int facility, int level,
+		  const struct dev_printk_info *dev_info,
+		  const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	struct prb_reserved_entry e;
+	enum printk_info_flags flags = 0;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	unsigned long irqflags;
+	u16 trunc_msg_len = 0;
+	char prefix_buf[8];
+	u8 *recursion_ptr;
+	u16 reserve_size;
+	va_list args2;
+	u32 caller_id;
+	u16 text_len;
+	int ret = 0;
+	u64 ts_nsec;
+
+	if (!printk_enter_irqsave(recursion_ptr, irqflags))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since the duration of printk() can vary depending on the message
+	 * and state of the ringbuffer, grab the timestamp now so that it is
+	 * close to the call of printk(). This provides a more deterministic
+	 * timestamp with respect to the caller.
+	 */
+	ts_nsec = local_clock();
+
+	caller_id = printk_caller_id();
+
+	/*
+	 * The sprintf needs to come first since the syslog prefix might be
+	 * passed in as a parameter. An extra byte must be reserved so that
+	 * later the vscnprintf() into the reserved buffer has room for the
+	 * terminating '\0', which is not counted by vsnprintf().
+	 */
+	va_copy(args2, args);
+	reserve_size = vsnprintf(&prefix_buf[0], sizeof(prefix_buf), fmt, args2) + 1;
+	va_end(args2);
+
+	if (reserve_size > PRINTKRB_RECORD_MAX)
+		reserve_size = PRINTKRB_RECORD_MAX;
+
+	/* Extract log level or control flags. */
+	if (facility == 0)
+		printk_parse_prefix(&prefix_buf[0], &level, &flags);
+
+	if (level == LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT)
+		level = default_message_loglevel;
+
+	if (dev_info)
+		flags |= LOG_NEWLINE;
+
+	if (flags & LOG_CONT) {
+		prb_rec_init_wr(&r, reserve_size);
+		if (prb_reserve_in_last(&e, prb, &r, caller_id, PRINTKRB_RECORD_MAX)) {
+			text_len = printk_sprint(&r.text_buf[r.info->text_len], reserve_size,
+						 facility, &flags, fmt, args);
+			r.info->text_len += text_len;
+
+			if (flags & LOG_NEWLINE) {
+				r.info->flags |= LOG_NEWLINE;
+				prb_final_commit(&e);
+			} else {
+				prb_commit(&e);
+			}
+
+			ret = text_len;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Explicitly initialize the record before every prb_reserve() call.
+	 * prb_reserve_in_last() and prb_reserve() purposely invalidate the
+	 * structure when they fail.
+	 */
+	prb_rec_init_wr(&r, reserve_size);
+	if (!prb_reserve(&e, prb, &r)) {
+		/* truncate the message if it is too long for empty buffer */
+		truncate_msg(&reserve_size, &trunc_msg_len);
+
+		prb_rec_init_wr(&r, reserve_size + trunc_msg_len);
+		if (!prb_reserve(&e, prb, &r))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* fill message */
+	text_len = printk_sprint(&r.text_buf[0], reserve_size, facility, &flags, fmt, args);
+	if (trunc_msg_len)
+		memcpy(&r.text_buf[text_len], trunc_msg, trunc_msg_len);
+	r.info->text_len = text_len + trunc_msg_len;
+	r.info->facility = facility;
+	r.info->level = level & 7;
+	r.info->flags = flags & 0x1f;
+	r.info->ts_nsec = ts_nsec;
+	r.info->caller_id = caller_id;
+	if (dev_info)
+		memcpy(&r.info->dev_info, dev_info, sizeof(r.info->dev_info));
+
+	/* A message without a trailing newline can be continued. */
+	if (!(flags & LOG_NEWLINE))
+		prb_commit(&e);
+	else
+		prb_final_commit(&e);
+
+	ret = text_len + trunc_msg_len;
+out:
+	printk_exit_irqrestore(recursion_ptr, irqflags);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+asmlinkage int vprintk_emit(int facility, int level,
+			    const struct dev_printk_info *dev_info,
+			    const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	int printed_len;
+	bool in_sched = false;
+
+	/* Suppress unimportant messages after panic happens */
+	if (unlikely(suppress_printk))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (unlikely(suppress_panic_printk) &&
+	    atomic_read(&panic_cpu) != raw_smp_processor_id())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (level == LOGLEVEL_SCHED) {
+		level = LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT;
+		in_sched = true;
+	}
+
+	printk_delay(level);
+
+	printed_len = vprintk_store(facility, level, dev_info, fmt, args);
+
+	/* If called from the scheduler, we can not call up(). */
+	if (!in_sched) {
+		/*
+		 * The caller may be holding system-critical or
+		 * timing-sensitive locks. Disable preemption during
+		 * printing of all remaining records to all consoles so that
+		 * this context can return as soon as possible. Hopefully
+		 * another printk() caller will take over the printing.
+		 */
+		preempt_disable();
+		/*
+		 * Try to acquire and then immediately release the console
+		 * semaphore. The release will print out buffers. With the
+		 * spinning variant, this context tries to take over the
+		 * printing from another printing context.
+		 */
+		if (console_trylock_spinning())
+			console_unlock();
+		preempt_enable();
+	}
+
+	if (in_sched)
+		defer_console_output();
+	else
+		wake_up_klogd();
+
+	return printed_len;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vprintk_emit);
+
+int vprintk_default(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	return vprintk_emit(0, LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT, NULL, fmt, args);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vprintk_default);
+
+asmlinkage __visible int _printk(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = vprintk(fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return r;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(_printk);
+
+static bool pr_flush(int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress);
+static bool __pr_flush(struct console *con, int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_PRINTK */
+
+#define printk_time		false
+
+#define prb_read_valid(rb, seq, r)	false
+#define prb_first_valid_seq(rb)		0
+#define prb_next_seq(rb)		0
+
+static u64 syslog_seq;
+
+static size_t record_print_text(const struct printk_record *r,
+				bool syslog, bool time)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static ssize_t info_print_ext_header(char *buf, size_t size,
+				     struct printk_info *info)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static ssize_t msg_print_ext_body(char *buf, size_t size,
+				  char *text, size_t text_len,
+				  struct dev_printk_info *dev_info) { return 0; }
+static void console_lock_spinning_enable(void) { }
+static int console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check(int cookie) { return 0; }
+static bool suppress_message_printing(int level) { return false; }
+static bool pr_flush(int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress) { return true; }
+static bool __pr_flush(struct console *con, int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress) { return true; }
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_PRINTK */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
+struct console *early_console;
+
+asmlinkage __visible void early_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	char buf[512];
+	int n;
+
+	if (!early_console)
+		return;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	n = vscnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	early_console->write(early_console, buf, n);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void set_user_specified(struct console_cmdline *c, bool user_specified)
+{
+	if (!user_specified)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * @c console was defined by the user on the command line.
+	 * Do not clear when added twice also by SPCR or the device tree.
+	 */
+	c->user_specified = true;
+	/* At least one console defined by the user on the command line. */
+	console_set_on_cmdline = 1;
+}
+
+static int __add_preferred_console(char *name, int idx, char *options,
+				   char *brl_options, bool user_specified)
+{
+	struct console_cmdline *c;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 *	See if this tty is not yet registered, and
+	 *	if we have a slot free.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0, c = console_cmdline;
+	     i < MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES && c->name[0];
+	     i++, c++) {
+		if (strcmp(c->name, name) == 0 && c->index == idx) {
+			if (!brl_options)
+				preferred_console = i;
+			set_user_specified(c, user_specified);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (i == MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES)
+		return -E2BIG;
+	if (!brl_options)
+		preferred_console = i;
+	strscpy(c->name, name, sizeof(c->name));
+	c->options = options;
+	set_user_specified(c, user_specified);
+	braille_set_options(c, brl_options);
+
+	c->index = idx;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init console_msg_format_setup(char *str)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(str, "syslog"))
+		console_msg_format = MSG_FORMAT_SYSLOG;
+	if (!strcmp(str, "default"))
+		console_msg_format = MSG_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("console_msg_format=", console_msg_format_setup);
+
+/*
+ * Set up a console.  Called via do_early_param() in init/main.c
+ * for each "console=" parameter in the boot command line.
+ */
+static int __init console_setup(char *str)
+{
+	char buf[sizeof(console_cmdline[0].name) + 4]; /* 4 for "ttyS" */
+	char *s, *options, *brl_options = NULL;
+	int idx;
+
+	/*
+	 * console="" or console=null have been suggested as a way to
+	 * disable console output. Use ttynull that has been created
+	 * for exactly this purpose.
+	 */
+	if (str[0] == 0 || strcmp(str, "null") == 0) {
+		__add_preferred_console("ttynull", 0, NULL, NULL, true);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (_braille_console_setup(&str, &brl_options))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Decode str into name, index, options.
+	 */
+	if (str[0] >= '0' && str[0] <= '9') {
+		strcpy(buf, "ttyS");
+		strncpy(buf + 4, str, sizeof(buf) - 5);
+	} else {
+		strncpy(buf, str, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	}
+	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
+	options = strchr(str, ',');
+	if (options)
+		*(options++) = 0;
+#ifdef __sparc__
+	if (!strcmp(str, "ttya"))
+		strcpy(buf, "ttyS0");
+	if (!strcmp(str, "ttyb"))
+		strcpy(buf, "ttyS1");
+#endif
+	for (s = buf; *s; s++)
+		if (isdigit(*s) || *s == ',')
+			break;
+	idx = simple_strtoul(s, NULL, 10);
+	*s = 0;
+
+	__add_preferred_console(buf, idx, options, brl_options, true);
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("console=", console_setup);
+
+/**
+ * add_preferred_console - add a device to the list of preferred consoles.
+ * @name: device name
+ * @idx: device index
+ * @options: options for this console
+ *
+ * The last preferred console added will be used for kernel messages
+ * and stdin/out/err for init.  Normally this is used by console_setup
+ * above to handle user-supplied console arguments; however it can also
+ * be used by arch-specific code either to override the user or more
+ * commonly to provide a default console (ie from PROM variables) when
+ * the user has not supplied one.
+ */
+int add_preferred_console(char *name, int idx, char *options)
+{
+	return __add_preferred_console(name, idx, options, NULL, false);
+}
+
+bool console_suspend_enabled = true;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_suspend_enabled);
+
+static int __init console_suspend_disable(char *str)
+{
+	console_suspend_enabled = false;
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("no_console_suspend", console_suspend_disable);
+module_param_named(console_suspend, console_suspend_enabled,
+		bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(console_suspend, "suspend console during suspend"
+	" and hibernate operations");
+
+static bool printk_console_no_auto_verbose;
+
+void console_verbose(void)
+{
+	if (console_loglevel && !printk_console_no_auto_verbose)
+		console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MOTORMOUTH;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(console_verbose);
+
+module_param_named(console_no_auto_verbose, printk_console_no_auto_verbose, bool, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(console_no_auto_verbose, "Disable console loglevel raise to highest on oops/panic/etc");
+
+/**
+ * suspend_console - suspend the console subsystem
+ *
+ * This disables printk() while we go into suspend states
+ */
+void suspend_console(void)
+{
+	struct console *con;
+
+	if (!console_suspend_enabled)
+		return;
+	pr_info("Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)\n");
+	pr_flush(1000, true);
+
+	console_list_lock();
+	for_each_console(con)
+		console_srcu_write_flags(con, con->flags | CON_SUSPENDED);
+	console_list_unlock();
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that all SRCU list walks have completed. All printing
+	 * contexts must be able to see that they are suspended so that it
+	 * is guaranteed that all printing has stopped when this function
+	 * completes.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&console_srcu);
+}
+
+void resume_console(void)
+{
+	struct console *con;
+
+	if (!console_suspend_enabled)
+		return;
+
+	console_list_lock();
+	for_each_console(con)
+		console_srcu_write_flags(con, con->flags & ~CON_SUSPENDED);
+	console_list_unlock();
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that all SRCU list walks have completed. All printing
+	 * contexts must be able to see they are no longer suspended so
+	 * that they are guaranteed to wake up and resume printing.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&console_srcu);
+
+	pr_flush(1000, true);
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_cpu_notify - print deferred console messages after CPU hotplug
+ * @cpu: unused
+ *
+ * If printk() is called from a CPU that is not online yet, the messages
+ * will be printed on the console only if there are CON_ANYTIME consoles.
+ * This function is called when a new CPU comes online (or fails to come
+ * up) or goes offline.
+ */
+static int console_cpu_notify(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	if (!cpuhp_tasks_frozen) {
+		/* If trylock fails, someone else is doing the printing */
+		if (console_trylock())
+			console_unlock();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if a panic is in progress on a remote CPU.
+ *
+ * On true, the local CPU should immediately release any printing resources
+ * that may be needed by the panic CPU.
+ */
+bool other_cpu_in_panic(void)
+{
+	if (!panic_in_progress())
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can use raw_smp_processor_id() here because it is impossible for
+	 * the task to be migrated to the panic_cpu, or away from it. If
+	 * panic_cpu has already been set, and we're not currently executing on
+	 * that CPU, then we never will be.
+	 */
+	return atomic_read(&panic_cpu) != raw_smp_processor_id();
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_lock - block the console subsystem from printing
+ *
+ * Acquires a lock which guarantees that no consoles will
+ * be in or enter their write() callback.
+ *
+ * Can sleep, returns nothing.
+ */
+void console_lock(void)
+{
+	might_sleep();
+
+	/* On panic, the console_lock must be left to the panic cpu. */
+	while (other_cpu_in_panic())
+		msleep(1000);
+
+	down_console_sem();
+	console_locked = 1;
+	console_may_schedule = 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_lock);
+
+/**
+ * console_trylock - try to block the console subsystem from printing
+ *
+ * Try to acquire a lock which guarantees that no consoles will
+ * be in or enter their write() callback.
+ *
+ * returns 1 on success, and 0 on failure to acquire the lock.
+ */
+int console_trylock(void)
+{
+	/* On panic, the console_lock must be left to the panic cpu. */
+	if (other_cpu_in_panic())
+		return 0;
+	if (down_trylock_console_sem())
+		return 0;
+	console_locked = 1;
+	console_may_schedule = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_trylock);
+
+int is_console_locked(void)
+{
+	return console_locked;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_console_locked);
+
+/*
+ * Check if the given console is currently capable and allowed to print
+ * records.
+ *
+ * Requires the console_srcu_read_lock.
+ */
+static inline bool console_is_usable(struct console *con)
+{
+	short flags = console_srcu_read_flags(con);
+
+	if (!(flags & CON_ENABLED))
+		return false;
+
+	if ((flags & CON_SUSPENDED))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!con->write)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Console drivers may assume that per-cpu resources have been
+	 * allocated. So unless they're explicitly marked as being able to
+	 * cope (CON_ANYTIME) don't call them until this CPU is officially up.
+	 */
+	if (!cpu_online(raw_smp_processor_id()) && !(flags & CON_ANYTIME))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void __console_unlock(void)
+{
+	console_locked = 0;
+	up_console_sem();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepend the message in @pmsg->pbufs->outbuf with a "dropped message". This
+ * is achieved by shifting the existing message over and inserting the dropped
+ * message.
+ *
+ * @pmsg is the printk message to prepend.
+ *
+ * @dropped is the dropped count to report in the dropped message.
+ *
+ * If the message text in @pmsg->pbufs->outbuf does not have enough space for
+ * the dropped message, the message text will be sufficiently truncated.
+ *
+ * If @pmsg->pbufs->outbuf is modified, @pmsg->outbuf_len is updated.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+static void console_prepend_dropped(struct printk_message *pmsg, unsigned long dropped)
+{
+	struct printk_buffers *pbufs = pmsg->pbufs;
+	const size_t scratchbuf_sz = sizeof(pbufs->scratchbuf);
+	const size_t outbuf_sz = sizeof(pbufs->outbuf);
+	char *scratchbuf = &pbufs->scratchbuf[0];
+	char *outbuf = &pbufs->outbuf[0];
+	size_t len;
+
+	len = scnprintf(scratchbuf, scratchbuf_sz,
+		       "** %lu printk messages dropped **\n", dropped);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure outbuf is sufficiently large before prepending.
+	 * Keep at least the prefix when the message must be truncated.
+	 * It is a rather theoretical problem when someone tries to
+	 * use a minimalist buffer.
+	 */
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len + PRINTK_PREFIX_MAX >= outbuf_sz))
+		return;
+
+	if (pmsg->outbuf_len + len >= outbuf_sz) {
+		/* Truncate the message, but keep it terminated. */
+		pmsg->outbuf_len = outbuf_sz - (len + 1);
+		outbuf[pmsg->outbuf_len] = 0;
+	}
+
+	memmove(outbuf + len, outbuf, pmsg->outbuf_len + 1);
+	memcpy(outbuf, scratchbuf, len);
+	pmsg->outbuf_len += len;
+}
+#else
+#define console_prepend_dropped(pmsg, dropped)
+#endif /* CONFIG_PRINTK */
+
+/*
+ * Read and format the specified record (or a later record if the specified
+ * record is not available).
+ *
+ * @pmsg will contain the formatted result. @pmsg->pbufs must point to a
+ * struct printk_buffers.
+ *
+ * @seq is the record to read and format. If it is not available, the next
+ * valid record is read.
+ *
+ * @is_extended specifies if the message should be formatted for extended
+ * console output.
+ *
+ * @may_supress specifies if records may be skipped based on loglevel.
+ *
+ * Returns false if no record is available. Otherwise true and all fields
+ * of @pmsg are valid. (See the documentation of struct printk_message
+ * for information about the @pmsg fields.)
+ */
+static bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
+				    bool is_extended, bool may_suppress)
+{
+	static int panic_console_dropped;
+
+	struct printk_buffers *pbufs = pmsg->pbufs;
+	const size_t scratchbuf_sz = sizeof(pbufs->scratchbuf);
+	const size_t outbuf_sz = sizeof(pbufs->outbuf);
+	char *scratchbuf = &pbufs->scratchbuf[0];
+	char *outbuf = &pbufs->outbuf[0];
+	struct printk_info info;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Formatting extended messages requires a separate buffer, so use the
+	 * scratch buffer to read in the ringbuffer text.
+	 *
+	 * Formatting normal messages is done in-place, so read the ringbuffer
+	 * text directly into the output buffer.
+	 */
+	if (is_extended)
+		prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, scratchbuf, scratchbuf_sz);
+	else
+		prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, outbuf, outbuf_sz);
+
+	if (!prb_read_valid(prb, seq, &r))
+		return false;
+
+	pmsg->seq = r.info->seq;
+	pmsg->dropped = r.info->seq - seq;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for dropped messages in panic here so that printk
+	 * suppression can occur as early as possible if necessary.
+	 */
+	if (pmsg->dropped &&
+	    panic_in_progress() &&
+	    panic_console_dropped++ > 10) {
+		suppress_panic_printk = 1;
+		pr_warn_once("Too many dropped messages. Suppress messages on non-panic CPUs to prevent livelock.\n");
+	}
+
+	/* Skip record that has level above the console loglevel. */
+	if (may_suppress && suppress_message_printing(r.info->level))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_extended) {
+		len = info_print_ext_header(outbuf, outbuf_sz, r.info);
+		len += msg_print_ext_body(outbuf + len, outbuf_sz - len,
+					  &r.text_buf[0], r.info->text_len, &r.info->dev_info);
+	} else {
+		len = record_print_text(&r, console_msg_format & MSG_FORMAT_SYSLOG, printk_time);
+	}
+out:
+	pmsg->outbuf_len = len;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print one record for the given console. The record printed is whatever
+ * record is the next available record for the given console.
+ *
+ * @handover will be set to true if a printk waiter has taken over the
+ * console_lock, in which case the caller is no longer holding both the
+ * console_lock and the SRCU read lock. Otherwise it is set to false.
+ *
+ * @cookie is the cookie from the SRCU read lock.
+ *
+ * Returns false if the given console has no next record to print, otherwise
+ * true.
+ *
+ * Requires the console_lock and the SRCU read lock.
+ */
+static bool console_emit_next_record(struct console *con, bool *handover, int cookie)
+{
+	static struct printk_buffers pbufs;
+
+	bool is_extended = console_srcu_read_flags(con) & CON_EXTENDED;
+	char *outbuf = &pbufs.outbuf[0];
+	struct printk_message pmsg = {
+		.pbufs = &pbufs,
+	};
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	*handover = false;
+
+	if (!printk_get_next_message(&pmsg, con->seq, is_extended, true))
+		return false;
+
+	con->dropped += pmsg.dropped;
+
+	/* Skip messages of formatted length 0. */
+	if (pmsg.outbuf_len == 0) {
+		con->seq = pmsg.seq + 1;
+		goto skip;
+	}
+
+	if (con->dropped && !is_extended) {
+		console_prepend_dropped(&pmsg, con->dropped);
+		con->dropped = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * While actively printing out messages, if another printk()
+	 * were to occur on another CPU, it may wait for this one to
+	 * finish. This task can not be preempted if there is a
+	 * waiter waiting to take over.
+	 *
+	 * Interrupts are disabled because the hand over to a waiter
+	 * must not be interrupted until the hand over is completed
+	 * (@console_waiter is cleared).
+	 */
+	printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags);
+	console_lock_spinning_enable();
+
+	/* Do not trace print latency. */
+	stop_critical_timings();
+
+	/* Write everything out to the hardware. */
+	con->write(con, outbuf, pmsg.outbuf_len);
+
+	start_critical_timings();
+
+	con->seq = pmsg.seq + 1;
+
+	*handover = console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check(cookie);
+	printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
+skip:
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print out all remaining records to all consoles.
+ *
+ * @do_cond_resched is set by the caller. It can be true only in schedulable
+ * context.
+ *
+ * @next_seq is set to the sequence number after the last available record.
+ * The value is valid only when this function returns true. It means that all
+ * usable consoles are completely flushed.
+ *
+ * @handover will be set to true if a printk waiter has taken over the
+ * console_lock, in which case the caller is no longer holding the
+ * console_lock. Otherwise it is set to false.
+ *
+ * Returns true when there was at least one usable console and all messages
+ * were flushed to all usable consoles. A returned false informs the caller
+ * that everything was not flushed (either there were no usable consoles or
+ * another context has taken over printing or it is a panic situation and this
+ * is not the panic CPU). Regardless the reason, the caller should assume it
+ * is not useful to immediately try again.
+ *
+ * Requires the console_lock.
+ */
+static bool console_flush_all(bool do_cond_resched, u64 *next_seq, bool *handover)
+{
+	bool any_usable = false;
+	struct console *con;
+	bool any_progress;
+	int cookie;
+
+	*next_seq = 0;
+	*handover = false;
+
+	do {
+		any_progress = false;
+
+		cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+		for_each_console_srcu(con) {
+			bool progress;
+
+			if (!console_is_usable(con))
+				continue;
+			any_usable = true;
+
+			progress = console_emit_next_record(con, handover, cookie);
+
+			/*
+			 * If a handover has occurred, the SRCU read lock
+			 * is already released.
+			 */
+			if (*handover)
+				return false;
+
+			/* Track the next of the highest seq flushed. */
+			if (con->seq > *next_seq)
+				*next_seq = con->seq;
+
+			if (!progress)
+				continue;
+			any_progress = true;
+
+			/* Allow panic_cpu to take over the consoles safely. */
+			if (other_cpu_in_panic())
+				goto abandon;
+
+			if (do_cond_resched)
+				cond_resched();
+		}
+		console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+	} while (any_progress);
+
+	return any_usable;
+
+abandon:
+	console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_unlock - unblock the console subsystem from printing
+ *
+ * Releases the console_lock which the caller holds to block printing of
+ * the console subsystem.
+ *
+ * While the console_lock was held, console output may have been buffered
+ * by printk().  If this is the case, console_unlock(); emits
+ * the output prior to releasing the lock.
+ *
+ * console_unlock(); may be called from any context.
+ */
+void console_unlock(void)
+{
+	bool do_cond_resched;
+	bool handover;
+	bool flushed;
+	u64 next_seq;
+
+	/*
+	 * Console drivers are called with interrupts disabled, so
+	 * @console_may_schedule should be cleared before; however, we may
+	 * end up dumping a lot of lines, for example, if called from
+	 * console registration path, and should invoke cond_resched()
+	 * between lines if allowable.  Not doing so can cause a very long
+	 * scheduling stall on a slow console leading to RCU stall and
+	 * softlockup warnings which exacerbate the issue with more
+	 * messages practically incapacitating the system. Therefore, create
+	 * a local to use for the printing loop.
+	 */
+	do_cond_resched = console_may_schedule;
+
+	do {
+		console_may_schedule = 0;
+
+		flushed = console_flush_all(do_cond_resched, &next_seq, &handover);
+		if (!handover)
+			__console_unlock();
+
+		/*
+		 * Abort if there was a failure to flush all messages to all
+		 * usable consoles. Either it is not possible to flush (in
+		 * which case it would be an infinite loop of retrying) or
+		 * another context has taken over printing.
+		 */
+		if (!flushed)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Some context may have added new records after
+		 * console_flush_all() but before unlocking the console.
+		 * Re-check if there is a new record to flush. If the trylock
+		 * fails, another context is already handling the printing.
+		 */
+	} while (prb_read_valid(prb, next_seq, NULL) && console_trylock());
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_unlock);
+
+/**
+ * console_conditional_schedule - yield the CPU if required
+ *
+ * If the console code is currently allowed to sleep, and
+ * if this CPU should yield the CPU to another task, do
+ * so here.
+ *
+ * Must be called within console_lock();.
+ */
+void __sched console_conditional_schedule(void)
+{
+	if (console_may_schedule)
+		cond_resched();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_conditional_schedule);
+
+void console_unblank(void)
+{
+	bool found_unblank = false;
+	struct console *c;
+	int cookie;
+
+	/*
+	 * First check if there are any consoles implementing the unblank()
+	 * callback. If not, there is no reason to continue and take the
+	 * console lock, which in particular can be dangerous if
+	 * @oops_in_progress is set.
+	 */
+	cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+	for_each_console_srcu(c) {
+		if ((console_srcu_read_flags(c) & CON_ENABLED) && c->unblank) {
+			found_unblank = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+	if (!found_unblank)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Stop console printing because the unblank() callback may
+	 * assume the console is not within its write() callback.
+	 *
+	 * If @oops_in_progress is set, this may be an atomic context.
+	 * In that case, attempt a trylock as best-effort.
+	 */
+	if (oops_in_progress) {
+		/* Semaphores are not NMI-safe. */
+		if (in_nmi())
+			return;
+
+		/*
+		 * Attempting to trylock the console lock can deadlock
+		 * if another CPU was stopped while modifying the
+		 * semaphore. "Hope and pray" that this is not the
+		 * current situation.
+		 */
+		if (down_trylock_console_sem() != 0)
+			return;
+	} else
+		console_lock();
+
+	console_locked = 1;
+	console_may_schedule = 0;
+
+	cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+	for_each_console_srcu(c) {
+		if ((console_srcu_read_flags(c) & CON_ENABLED) && c->unblank)
+			c->unblank();
+	}
+	console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+
+	console_unlock();
+
+	if (!oops_in_progress)
+		pr_flush(1000, true);
+}
+
+/**
+ * console_flush_on_panic - flush console content on panic
+ * @mode: flush all messages in buffer or just the pending ones
+ *
+ * Immediately output all pending messages no matter what.
+ */
+void console_flush_on_panic(enum con_flush_mode mode)
+{
+	bool handover;
+	u64 next_seq;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ignore the console lock and flush out the messages. Attempting a
+	 * trylock would not be useful because:
+	 *
+	 *   - if it is contended, it must be ignored anyway
+	 *   - console_lock() and console_trylock() block and fail
+	 *     respectively in panic for non-panic CPUs
+	 *   - semaphores are not NMI-safe
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * If another context is holding the console lock,
+	 * @console_may_schedule might be set. Clear it so that
+	 * this context does not call cond_resched() while flushing.
+	 */
+	console_may_schedule = 0;
+
+	if (mode == CONSOLE_REPLAY_ALL) {
+		struct console *c;
+		int cookie;
+		u64 seq;
+
+		seq = prb_first_valid_seq(prb);
+
+		cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+		for_each_console_srcu(c) {
+			/*
+			 * This is an unsynchronized assignment, but the
+			 * kernel is in "hope and pray" mode anyway.
+			 */
+			c->seq = seq;
+		}
+		console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+	}
+
+	console_flush_all(false, &next_seq, &handover);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the console tty driver structure and its associated index
+ */
+struct tty_driver *console_device(int *index)
+{
+	struct console *c;
+	struct tty_driver *driver = NULL;
+	int cookie;
+
+	/*
+	 * Take console_lock to serialize device() callback with
+	 * other console operations. For example, fg_console is
+	 * modified under console_lock when switching vt.
+	 */
+	console_lock();
+
+	cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+	for_each_console_srcu(c) {
+		if (!c->device)
+			continue;
+		driver = c->device(c, index);
+		if (driver)
+			break;
+	}
+	console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+
+	console_unlock();
+	return driver;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prevent further output on the passed console device so that (for example)
+ * serial drivers can disable console output before suspending a port, and can
+ * re-enable output afterwards.
+ */
+void console_stop(struct console *console)
+{
+	__pr_flush(console, 1000, true);
+	console_list_lock();
+	console_srcu_write_flags(console, console->flags & ~CON_ENABLED);
+	console_list_unlock();
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that all SRCU list walks have completed. All contexts must
+	 * be able to see that this console is disabled so that (for example)
+	 * the caller can suspend the port without risk of another context
+	 * using the port.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&console_srcu);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_stop);
+
+void console_start(struct console *console)
+{
+	console_list_lock();
+	console_srcu_write_flags(console, console->flags | CON_ENABLED);
+	console_list_unlock();
+	__pr_flush(console, 1000, true);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_start);
+
+static int __read_mostly keep_bootcon;
+
+static int __init keep_bootcon_setup(char *str)
+{
+	keep_bootcon = 1;
+	pr_info("debug: skip boot console de-registration.\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+early_param("keep_bootcon", keep_bootcon_setup);
+
+/*
+ * This is called by register_console() to try to match
+ * the newly registered console with any of the ones selected
+ * by either the command line or add_preferred_console() and
+ * setup/enable it.
+ *
+ * Care need to be taken with consoles that are statically
+ * enabled such as netconsole
+ */
+static int try_enable_preferred_console(struct console *newcon,
+					bool user_specified)
+{
+	struct console_cmdline *c;
+	int i, err;
+
+	for (i = 0, c = console_cmdline;
+	     i < MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES && c->name[0];
+	     i++, c++) {
+		if (c->user_specified != user_specified)
+			continue;
+		if (!newcon->match ||
+		    newcon->match(newcon, c->name, c->index, c->options) != 0) {
+			/* default matching */
+			BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(c->name) != sizeof(newcon->name));
+			if (strcmp(c->name, newcon->name) != 0)
+				continue;
+			if (newcon->index >= 0 &&
+			    newcon->index != c->index)
+				continue;
+			if (newcon->index < 0)
+				newcon->index = c->index;
+
+			if (_braille_register_console(newcon, c))
+				return 0;
+
+			if (newcon->setup &&
+			    (err = newcon->setup(newcon, c->options)) != 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+		newcon->flags |= CON_ENABLED;
+		if (i == preferred_console)
+			newcon->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Some consoles, such as pstore and netconsole, can be enabled even
+	 * without matching. Accept the pre-enabled consoles only when match()
+	 * and setup() had a chance to be called.
+	 */
+	if (newcon->flags & CON_ENABLED && c->user_specified ==	user_specified)
+		return 0;
+
+	return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+/* Try to enable the console unconditionally */
+static void try_enable_default_console(struct console *newcon)
+{
+	if (newcon->index < 0)
+		newcon->index = 0;
+
+	if (newcon->setup && newcon->setup(newcon, NULL) != 0)
+		return;
+
+	newcon->flags |= CON_ENABLED;
+
+	if (newcon->device)
+		newcon->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
+}
+
+#define con_printk(lvl, con, fmt, ...)			\
+	printk(lvl pr_fmt("%sconsole [%s%d] " fmt),	\
+	       (con->flags & CON_BOOT) ? "boot" : "",	\
+	       con->name, con->index, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+static void console_init_seq(struct console *newcon, bool bootcon_registered)
+{
+	struct console *con;
+	bool handover;
+
+	if (newcon->flags & (CON_PRINTBUFFER | CON_BOOT)) {
+		/* Get a consistent copy of @syslog_seq. */
+		mutex_lock(&syslog_lock);
+		newcon->seq = syslog_seq;
+		mutex_unlock(&syslog_lock);
+	} else {
+		/* Begin with next message added to ringbuffer. */
+		newcon->seq = prb_next_seq(prb);
+
+		/*
+		 * If any enabled boot consoles are due to be unregistered
+		 * shortly, some may not be caught up and may be the same
+		 * device as @newcon. Since it is not known which boot console
+		 * is the same device, flush all consoles and, if necessary,
+		 * start with the message of the enabled boot console that is
+		 * the furthest behind.
+		 */
+		if (bootcon_registered && !keep_bootcon) {
+			/*
+			 * Hold the console_lock to stop console printing and
+			 * guarantee safe access to console->seq.
+			 */
+			console_lock();
+
+			/*
+			 * Flush all consoles and set the console to start at
+			 * the next unprinted sequence number.
+			 */
+			if (!console_flush_all(true, &newcon->seq, &handover)) {
+				/*
+				 * Flushing failed. Just choose the lowest
+				 * sequence of the enabled boot consoles.
+				 */
+
+				/*
+				 * If there was a handover, this context no
+				 * longer holds the console_lock.
+				 */
+				if (handover)
+					console_lock();
+
+				newcon->seq = prb_next_seq(prb);
+				for_each_console(con) {
+					if ((con->flags & CON_BOOT) &&
+					    (con->flags & CON_ENABLED) &&
+					    con->seq < newcon->seq) {
+						newcon->seq = con->seq;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			console_unlock();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define console_first()				\
+	hlist_entry(console_list.first, struct console, node)
+
+static int unregister_console_locked(struct console *console);
+
+/*
+ * The console driver calls this routine during kernel initialization
+ * to register the console printing procedure with printk() and to
+ * print any messages that were printed by the kernel before the
+ * console driver was initialized.
+ *
+ * This can happen pretty early during the boot process (because of
+ * early_printk) - sometimes before setup_arch() completes - be careful
+ * of what kernel features are used - they may not be initialised yet.
+ *
+ * There are two types of consoles - bootconsoles (early_printk) and
+ * "real" consoles (everything which is not a bootconsole) which are
+ * handled differently.
+ *  - Any number of bootconsoles can be registered at any time.
+ *  - As soon as a "real" console is registered, all bootconsoles
+ *    will be unregistered automatically.
+ *  - Once a "real" console is registered, any attempt to register a
+ *    bootconsoles will be rejected
+ */
+void register_console(struct console *newcon)
+{
+	struct console *con;
+	bool bootcon_registered = false;
+	bool realcon_registered = false;
+	int err;
+
+	console_list_lock();
+
+	for_each_console(con) {
+		if (WARN(con == newcon, "console '%s%d' already registered\n",
+					 con->name, con->index)) {
+			goto unlock;
+		}
+
+		if (con->flags & CON_BOOT)
+			bootcon_registered = true;
+		else
+			realcon_registered = true;
+	}
+
+	/* Do not register boot consoles when there already is a real one. */
+	if ((newcon->flags & CON_BOOT) && realcon_registered) {
+		pr_info("Too late to register bootconsole %s%d\n",
+			newcon->name, newcon->index);
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * See if we want to enable this console driver by default.
+	 *
+	 * Nope when a console is preferred by the command line, device
+	 * tree, or SPCR.
+	 *
+	 * The first real console with tty binding (driver) wins. More
+	 * consoles might get enabled before the right one is found.
+	 *
+	 * Note that a console with tty binding will have CON_CONSDEV
+	 * flag set and will be first in the list.
+	 */
+	if (preferred_console < 0) {
+		if (hlist_empty(&console_list) || !console_first()->device ||
+		    console_first()->flags & CON_BOOT) {
+			try_enable_default_console(newcon);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* See if this console matches one we selected on the command line */
+	err = try_enable_preferred_console(newcon, true);
+
+	/* If not, try to match against the platform default(s) */
+	if (err == -ENOENT)
+		err = try_enable_preferred_console(newcon, false);
+
+	/* printk() messages are not printed to the Braille console. */
+	if (err || newcon->flags & CON_BRL)
+		goto unlock;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a bootconsole, and are switching to a real console,
+	 * don't print everything out again, since when the boot console, and
+	 * the real console are the same physical device, it's annoying to
+	 * see the beginning boot messages twice
+	 */
+	if (bootcon_registered &&
+	    ((newcon->flags & (CON_CONSDEV | CON_BOOT)) == CON_CONSDEV)) {
+		newcon->flags &= ~CON_PRINTBUFFER;
+	}
+
+	newcon->dropped = 0;
+	console_init_seq(newcon, bootcon_registered);
+
+	/*
+	 * Put this console in the list - keep the
+	 * preferred driver at the head of the list.
+	 */
+	if (hlist_empty(&console_list)) {
+		/* Ensure CON_CONSDEV is always set for the head. */
+		newcon->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
+		hlist_add_head_rcu(&newcon->node, &console_list);
+
+	} else if (newcon->flags & CON_CONSDEV) {
+		/* Only the new head can have CON_CONSDEV set. */
+		console_srcu_write_flags(console_first(), console_first()->flags & ~CON_CONSDEV);
+		hlist_add_head_rcu(&newcon->node, &console_list);
+
+	} else {
+		hlist_add_behind_rcu(&newcon->node, console_list.first);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No need to synchronize SRCU here! The caller does not rely
+	 * on all contexts being able to see the new console before
+	 * register_console() completes.
+	 */
+
+	console_sysfs_notify();
+
+	/*
+	 * By unregistering the bootconsoles after we enable the real console
+	 * we get the "console xxx enabled" message on all the consoles -
+	 * boot consoles, real consoles, etc - this is to ensure that end
+	 * users know there might be something in the kernel's log buffer that
+	 * went to the bootconsole (that they do not see on the real console)
+	 */
+	con_printk(KERN_INFO, newcon, "enabled\n");
+	if (bootcon_registered &&
+	    ((newcon->flags & (CON_CONSDEV | CON_BOOT)) == CON_CONSDEV) &&
+	    !keep_bootcon) {
+		struct hlist_node *tmp;
+
+		hlist_for_each_entry_safe(con, tmp, &console_list, node) {
+			if (con->flags & CON_BOOT)
+				unregister_console_locked(con);
+		}
+	}
+unlock:
+	console_list_unlock();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_console);
+
+/* Must be called under console_list_lock(). */
+static int unregister_console_locked(struct console *console)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	lockdep_assert_console_list_lock_held();
+
+	con_printk(KERN_INFO, console, "disabled\n");
+
+	res = _braille_unregister_console(console);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
+	if (res > 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Disable it unconditionally */
+	console_srcu_write_flags(console, console->flags & ~CON_ENABLED);
+
+	if (!console_is_registered_locked(console))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	hlist_del_init_rcu(&console->node);
+
+	/*
+	 * <HISTORICAL>
+	 * If this isn't the last console and it has CON_CONSDEV set, we
+	 * need to set it on the next preferred console.
+	 * </HISTORICAL>
+	 *
+	 * The above makes no sense as there is no guarantee that the next
+	 * console has any device attached. Oh well....
+	 */
+	if (!hlist_empty(&console_list) && console->flags & CON_CONSDEV)
+		console_srcu_write_flags(console_first(), console_first()->flags | CON_CONSDEV);
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that all SRCU list walks have completed. All contexts
+	 * must not be able to see this console in the list so that any
+	 * exit/cleanup routines can be performed safely.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&console_srcu);
+
+	console_sysfs_notify();
+
+	if (console->exit)
+		res = console->exit(console);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+int unregister_console(struct console *console)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	console_list_lock();
+	res = unregister_console_locked(console);
+	console_list_unlock();
+	return res;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_console);
+
+/**
+ * console_force_preferred_locked - force a registered console preferred
+ * @con: The registered console to force preferred.
+ *
+ * Must be called under console_list_lock().
+ */
+void console_force_preferred_locked(struct console *con)
+{
+	struct console *cur_pref_con;
+
+	if (!console_is_registered_locked(con))
+		return;
+
+	cur_pref_con = console_first();
+
+	/* Already preferred? */
+	if (cur_pref_con == con)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Delete, but do not re-initialize the entry. This allows the console
+	 * to continue to appear registered (via any hlist_unhashed_lockless()
+	 * checks), even though it was briefly removed from the console list.
+	 */
+	hlist_del_rcu(&con->node);
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that all SRCU list walks have completed so that the console
+	 * can be added to the beginning of the console list and its forward
+	 * list pointer can be re-initialized.
+	 */
+	synchronize_srcu(&console_srcu);
+
+	con->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
+	WARN_ON(!con->device);
+
+	/* Only the new head can have CON_CONSDEV set. */
+	console_srcu_write_flags(cur_pref_con, cur_pref_con->flags & ~CON_CONSDEV);
+	hlist_add_head_rcu(&con->node, &console_list);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(console_force_preferred_locked);
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the console device. This is called *early*, so
+ * we can't necessarily depend on lots of kernel help here.
+ * Just do some early initializations, and do the complex setup
+ * later.
+ */
+void __init console_init(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	initcall_t call;
+	initcall_entry_t *ce;
+
+	/* Setup the default TTY line discipline. */
+	n_tty_init();
+
+	/*
+	 * set up the console device so that later boot sequences can
+	 * inform about problems etc..
+	 */
+	ce = __con_initcall_start;
+	trace_initcall_level("console");
+	while (ce < __con_initcall_end) {
+		call = initcall_from_entry(ce);
+		trace_initcall_start(call);
+		ret = call();
+		trace_initcall_finish(call, ret);
+		ce++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Some boot consoles access data that is in the init section and which will
+ * be discarded after the initcalls have been run. To make sure that no code
+ * will access this data, unregister the boot consoles in a late initcall.
+ *
+ * If for some reason, such as deferred probe or the driver being a loadable
+ * module, the real console hasn't registered yet at this point, there will
+ * be a brief interval in which no messages are logged to the console, which
+ * makes it difficult to diagnose problems that occur during this time.
+ *
+ * To mitigate this problem somewhat, only unregister consoles whose memory
+ * intersects with the init section. Note that all other boot consoles will
+ * get unregistered when the real preferred console is registered.
+ */
+static int __init printk_late_init(void)
+{
+	struct hlist_node *tmp;
+	struct console *con;
+	int ret;
+
+	console_list_lock();
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(con, tmp, &console_list, node) {
+		if (!(con->flags & CON_BOOT))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check addresses that might be used for enabled consoles. */
+		if (init_section_intersects(con, sizeof(*con)) ||
+		    init_section_contains(con->write, 0) ||
+		    init_section_contains(con->read, 0) ||
+		    init_section_contains(con->device, 0) ||
+		    init_section_contains(con->unblank, 0) ||
+		    init_section_contains(con->data, 0)) {
+			/*
+			 * Please, consider moving the reported consoles out
+			 * of the init section.
+			 */
+			pr_warn("bootconsole [%s%d] uses init memory and must be disabled even before the real one is ready\n",
+				con->name, con->index);
+			unregister_console_locked(con);
+		}
+	}
+	console_list_unlock();
+
+	ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_PRINTK_DEAD, "printk:dead", NULL,
+					console_cpu_notify);
+	WARN_ON(ret < 0);
+	ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "printk:online",
+					console_cpu_notify, NULL);
+	WARN_ON(ret < 0);
+	printk_sysctl_init();
+	return 0;
+}
+late_initcall(printk_late_init);
+
+#if defined CONFIG_PRINTK
+/* If @con is specified, only wait for that console. Otherwise wait for all. */
+static bool __pr_flush(struct console *con, int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress)
+{
+	int remaining = timeout_ms;
+	struct console *c;
+	u64 last_diff = 0;
+	u64 printk_seq;
+	int cookie;
+	u64 diff;
+	u64 seq;
+
+	might_sleep();
+
+	seq = prb_next_seq(prb);
+
+	/* Flush the consoles so that records up to @seq are printed. */
+	console_lock();
+	console_unlock();
+
+	for (;;) {
+		diff = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Hold the console_lock to guarantee safe access to
+		 * console->seq. Releasing console_lock flushes more
+		 * records in case @seq is still not printed on all
+		 * usable consoles.
+		 */
+		console_lock();
+
+		cookie = console_srcu_read_lock();
+		for_each_console_srcu(c) {
+			if (con && con != c)
+				continue;
+			/*
+			 * If consoles are not usable, it cannot be expected
+			 * that they make forward progress, so only increment
+			 * @diff for usable consoles.
+			 */
+			if (!console_is_usable(c))
+				continue;
+			printk_seq = c->seq;
+			if (printk_seq < seq)
+				diff += seq - printk_seq;
+		}
+		console_srcu_read_unlock(cookie);
+
+		if (diff != last_diff && reset_on_progress)
+			remaining = timeout_ms;
+
+		console_unlock();
+
+		/* Note: @diff is 0 if there are no usable consoles. */
+		if (diff == 0 || remaining == 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (remaining < 0) {
+			/* no timeout limit */
+			msleep(100);
+		} else if (remaining < 100) {
+			msleep(remaining);
+			remaining = 0;
+		} else {
+			msleep(100);
+			remaining -= 100;
+		}
+
+		last_diff = diff;
+	}
+
+	return (diff == 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pr_flush() - Wait for printing threads to catch up.
+ *
+ * @timeout_ms:        The maximum time (in ms) to wait.
+ * @reset_on_progress: Reset the timeout if forward progress is seen.
+ *
+ * A value of 0 for @timeout_ms means no waiting will occur. A value of -1
+ * represents infinite waiting.
+ *
+ * If @reset_on_progress is true, the timeout will be reset whenever any
+ * printer has been seen to make some forward progress.
+ *
+ * Context: Process context. May sleep while acquiring console lock.
+ * Return: true if all usable printers are caught up.
+ */
+static bool pr_flush(int timeout_ms, bool reset_on_progress)
+{
+	return __pr_flush(NULL, timeout_ms, reset_on_progress);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delayed printk version, for scheduler-internal messages:
+ */
+#define PRINTK_PENDING_WAKEUP	0x01
+#define PRINTK_PENDING_OUTPUT	0x02
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, printk_pending);
+
+static void wake_up_klogd_work_func(struct irq_work *irq_work)
+{
+	int pending = this_cpu_xchg(printk_pending, 0);
+
+	if (pending & PRINTK_PENDING_OUTPUT) {
+		/* If trylock fails, someone else is doing the printing */
+		if (console_trylock())
+			console_unlock();
+	}
+
+	if (pending & PRINTK_PENDING_WAKEUP)
+		wake_up_interruptible(&log_wait);
+}
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct irq_work, wake_up_klogd_work) =
+	IRQ_WORK_INIT_LAZY(wake_up_klogd_work_func);
+
+static void __wake_up_klogd(int val)
+{
+	if (!printk_percpu_data_ready())
+		return;
+
+	preempt_disable();
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee any new records can be seen by tasks preparing to wait
+	 * before this context checks if the wait queue is empty.
+	 *
+	 * The full memory barrier within wq_has_sleeper() pairs with the full
+	 * memory barrier within set_current_state() of
+	 * prepare_to_wait_event(), which is called after ___wait_event() adds
+	 * the waiter but before it has checked the wait condition.
+	 *
+	 * This pairs with devkmsg_read:A and syslog_print:A.
+	 */
+	if (wq_has_sleeper(&log_wait) || /* LMM(__wake_up_klogd:A) */
+	    (val & PRINTK_PENDING_OUTPUT)) {
+		this_cpu_or(printk_pending, val);
+		irq_work_queue(this_cpu_ptr(&wake_up_klogd_work));
+	}
+	preempt_enable();
+}
+
+/**
+ * wake_up_klogd - Wake kernel logging daemon
+ *
+ * Use this function when new records have been added to the ringbuffer
+ * and the console printing of those records has already occurred or is
+ * known to be handled by some other context. This function will only
+ * wake the logging daemon.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.
+ */
+void wake_up_klogd(void)
+{
+	__wake_up_klogd(PRINTK_PENDING_WAKEUP);
+}
+
+/**
+ * defer_console_output - Wake kernel logging daemon and trigger
+ *	console printing in a deferred context
+ *
+ * Use this function when new records have been added to the ringbuffer,
+ * this context is responsible for console printing those records, but
+ * the current context is not allowed to perform the console printing.
+ * Trigger an irq_work context to perform the console printing. This
+ * function also wakes the logging daemon.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.
+ */
+void defer_console_output(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * New messages may have been added directly to the ringbuffer
+	 * using vprintk_store(), so wake any waiters as well.
+	 */
+	__wake_up_klogd(PRINTK_PENDING_WAKEUP | PRINTK_PENDING_OUTPUT);
+}
+
+void printk_trigger_flush(void)
+{
+	defer_console_output();
+}
+
+int vprintk_deferred(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	return vprintk_emit(0, LOGLEVEL_SCHED, NULL, fmt, args);
+}
+
+int _printk_deferred(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = vprintk_deferred(fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * printk rate limiting, lifted from the networking subsystem.
+ *
+ * This enforces a rate limit: not more than 10 kernel messages
+ * every 5s to make a denial-of-service attack impossible.
+ */
+DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(printk_ratelimit_state, 5 * HZ, 10);
+
+int __printk_ratelimit(const char *func)
+{
+	return ___ratelimit(&printk_ratelimit_state, func);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__printk_ratelimit);
+
+/**
+ * printk_timed_ratelimit - caller-controlled printk ratelimiting
+ * @caller_jiffies: pointer to caller's state
+ * @interval_msecs: minimum interval between prints
+ *
+ * printk_timed_ratelimit() returns true if more than @interval_msecs
+ * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time printk_timed_ratelimit()
+ * returned true.
+ */
+bool printk_timed_ratelimit(unsigned long *caller_jiffies,
+			unsigned int interval_msecs)
+{
+	unsigned long elapsed = jiffies - *caller_jiffies;
+
+	if (*caller_jiffies && elapsed <= msecs_to_jiffies(interval_msecs))
+		return false;
+
+	*caller_jiffies = jiffies;
+	return true;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(printk_timed_ratelimit);
+
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(dump_list_lock);
+static LIST_HEAD(dump_list);
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump_register - register a kernel log dumper.
+ * @dumper: pointer to the kmsg_dumper structure
+ *
+ * Adds a kernel log dumper to the system. The dump callback in the
+ * structure will be called when the kernel oopses or panics and must be
+ * set. Returns zero on success and %-EINVAL or %-EBUSY otherwise.
+ */
+int kmsg_dump_register(struct kmsg_dumper *dumper)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int err = -EBUSY;
+
+	/* The dump callback needs to be set */
+	if (!dumper->dump)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&dump_list_lock, flags);
+	/* Don't allow registering multiple times */
+	if (!dumper->registered) {
+		dumper->registered = 1;
+		list_add_tail_rcu(&dumper->list, &dump_list);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dump_list_lock, flags);
+
+	return err;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_register);
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump_unregister - unregister a kmsg dumper.
+ * @dumper: pointer to the kmsg_dumper structure
+ *
+ * Removes a dump device from the system. Returns zero on success and
+ * %-EINVAL otherwise.
+ */
+int kmsg_dump_unregister(struct kmsg_dumper *dumper)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&dump_list_lock, flags);
+	if (dumper->registered) {
+		dumper->registered = 0;
+		list_del_rcu(&dumper->list);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dump_list_lock, flags);
+	synchronize_rcu();
+
+	return err;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_unregister);
+
+static bool always_kmsg_dump;
+module_param_named(always_kmsg_dump, always_kmsg_dump, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
+
+const char *kmsg_dump_reason_str(enum kmsg_dump_reason reason)
+{
+	switch (reason) {
+	case KMSG_DUMP_PANIC:
+		return "Panic";
+	case KMSG_DUMP_OOPS:
+		return "Oops";
+	case KMSG_DUMP_EMERG:
+		return "Emergency";
+	case KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN:
+		return "Shutdown";
+	default:
+		return "Unknown";
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_reason_str);
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump - dump kernel log to kernel message dumpers.
+ * @reason: the reason (oops, panic etc) for dumping
+ *
+ * Call each of the registered dumper's dump() callback, which can
+ * retrieve the kmsg records with kmsg_dump_get_line() or
+ * kmsg_dump_get_buffer().
+ */
+void kmsg_dump(enum kmsg_dump_reason reason)
+{
+	struct kmsg_dumper *dumper;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(dumper, &dump_list, list) {
+		enum kmsg_dump_reason max_reason = dumper->max_reason;
+
+		/*
+		 * If client has not provided a specific max_reason, default
+		 * to KMSG_DUMP_OOPS, unless always_kmsg_dump was set.
+		 */
+		if (max_reason == KMSG_DUMP_UNDEF) {
+			max_reason = always_kmsg_dump ? KMSG_DUMP_MAX :
+							KMSG_DUMP_OOPS;
+		}
+		if (reason > max_reason)
+			continue;
+
+		/* invoke dumper which will iterate over records */
+		dumper->dump(dumper, reason);
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump_get_line - retrieve one kmsg log line
+ * @iter: kmsg dump iterator
+ * @syslog: include the "<4>" prefixes
+ * @line: buffer to copy the line to
+ * @size: maximum size of the buffer
+ * @len: length of line placed into buffer
+ *
+ * Start at the beginning of the kmsg buffer, with the oldest kmsg
+ * record, and copy one record into the provided buffer.
+ *
+ * Consecutive calls will return the next available record moving
+ * towards the end of the buffer with the youngest messages.
+ *
+ * A return value of FALSE indicates that there are no more records to
+ * read.
+ */
+bool kmsg_dump_get_line(struct kmsg_dump_iter *iter, bool syslog,
+			char *line, size_t size, size_t *len)
+{
+	u64 min_seq = latched_seq_read_nolock(&clear_seq);
+	struct printk_info info;
+	unsigned int line_count;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	size_t l = 0;
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	if (iter->cur_seq < min_seq)
+		iter->cur_seq = min_seq;
+
+	prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, line, size);
+
+	/* Read text or count text lines? */
+	if (line) {
+		if (!prb_read_valid(prb, iter->cur_seq, &r))
+			goto out;
+		l = record_print_text(&r, syslog, printk_time);
+	} else {
+		if (!prb_read_valid_info(prb, iter->cur_seq,
+					 &info, &line_count)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+		l = get_record_print_text_size(&info, line_count, syslog,
+					       printk_time);
+
+	}
+
+	iter->cur_seq = r.info->seq + 1;
+	ret = true;
+out:
+	if (len)
+		*len = l;
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_get_line);
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump_get_buffer - copy kmsg log lines
+ * @iter: kmsg dump iterator
+ * @syslog: include the "<4>" prefixes
+ * @buf: buffer to copy the line to
+ * @size: maximum size of the buffer
+ * @len_out: length of line placed into buffer
+ *
+ * Start at the end of the kmsg buffer and fill the provided buffer
+ * with as many of the *youngest* kmsg records that fit into it.
+ * If the buffer is large enough, all available kmsg records will be
+ * copied with a single call.
+ *
+ * Consecutive calls will fill the buffer with the next block of
+ * available older records, not including the earlier retrieved ones.
+ *
+ * A return value of FALSE indicates that there are no more records to
+ * read.
+ */
+bool kmsg_dump_get_buffer(struct kmsg_dump_iter *iter, bool syslog,
+			  char *buf, size_t size, size_t *len_out)
+{
+	u64 min_seq = latched_seq_read_nolock(&clear_seq);
+	struct printk_info info;
+	struct printk_record r;
+	u64 seq;
+	u64 next_seq;
+	size_t len = 0;
+	bool ret = false;
+	bool time = printk_time;
+
+	if (!buf || !size)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (iter->cur_seq < min_seq)
+		iter->cur_seq = min_seq;
+
+	if (prb_read_valid_info(prb, iter->cur_seq, &info, NULL)) {
+		if (info.seq != iter->cur_seq) {
+			/* messages are gone, move to first available one */
+			iter->cur_seq = info.seq;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* last entry */
+	if (iter->cur_seq >= iter->next_seq)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find first record that fits, including all following records,
+	 * into the user-provided buffer for this dump. Pass in size-1
+	 * because this function (by way of record_print_text()) will
+	 * not write more than size-1 bytes of text into @buf.
+	 */
+	seq = find_first_fitting_seq(iter->cur_seq, iter->next_seq,
+				     size - 1, syslog, time);
+
+	/*
+	 * Next kmsg_dump_get_buffer() invocation will dump block of
+	 * older records stored right before this one.
+	 */
+	next_seq = seq;
+
+	prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, buf, size);
+
+	len = 0;
+	prb_for_each_record(seq, prb, seq, &r) {
+		if (r.info->seq >= iter->next_seq)
+			break;
+
+		len += record_print_text(&r, syslog, time);
+
+		/* Adjust record to store to remaining buffer space. */
+		prb_rec_init_rd(&r, &info, buf + len, size - len);
+	}
+
+	iter->next_seq = next_seq;
+	ret = true;
+out:
+	if (len_out)
+		*len_out = len;
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_get_buffer);
+
+/**
+ * kmsg_dump_rewind - reset the iterator
+ * @iter: kmsg dump iterator
+ *
+ * Reset the dumper's iterator so that kmsg_dump_get_line() and
+ * kmsg_dump_get_buffer() can be called again and used multiple
+ * times within the same dumper.dump() callback.
+ */
+void kmsg_dump_rewind(struct kmsg_dump_iter *iter)
+{
+	iter->cur_seq = latched_seq_read_nolock(&clear_seq);
+	iter->next_seq = prb_next_seq(prb);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmsg_dump_rewind);
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+static atomic_t printk_cpu_sync_owner = ATOMIC_INIT(-1);
+static atomic_t printk_cpu_sync_nested = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+
+/**
+ * __printk_cpu_sync_wait() - Busy wait until the printk cpu-reentrant
+ *                            spinning lock is not owned by any CPU.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.
+ */
+void __printk_cpu_sync_wait(void)
+{
+	do {
+		cpu_relax();
+	} while (atomic_read(&printk_cpu_sync_owner) != -1);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__printk_cpu_sync_wait);
+
+/**
+ * __printk_cpu_sync_try_get() - Try to acquire the printk cpu-reentrant
+ *                               spinning lock.
+ *
+ * If no processor has the lock, the calling processor takes the lock and
+ * becomes the owner. If the calling processor is already the owner of the
+ * lock, this function succeeds immediately.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context. Expects interrupts to be disabled.
+ * Return: 1 on success, otherwise 0.
+ */
+int __printk_cpu_sync_try_get(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	int old;
+
+	cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee loads and stores from this CPU when it is the lock owner
+	 * are _not_ visible to the previous lock owner. This pairs with
+	 * __printk_cpu_sync_put:B.
+	 *
+	 * Memory barrier involvement:
+	 *
+	 * If __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A reads from __printk_cpu_sync_put:B,
+	 * then __printk_cpu_sync_put:A can never read from
+	 * __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:B.
+	 *
+	 * Relies on:
+	 *
+	 * RELEASE from __printk_cpu_sync_put:A to __printk_cpu_sync_put:B
+	 * of the previous CPU
+	 *    matching
+	 * ACQUIRE from __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A to
+	 * __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:B of this CPU
+	 */
+	old = atomic_cmpxchg_acquire(&printk_cpu_sync_owner, -1,
+				     cpu); /* LMM(__printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A) */
+	if (old == -1) {
+		/*
+		 * This CPU is now the owner and begins loading/storing
+		 * data: LMM(__printk_cpu_sync_try_get:B)
+		 */
+		return 1;
+
+	} else if (old == cpu) {
+		/* This CPU is already the owner. */
+		atomic_inc(&printk_cpu_sync_nested);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__printk_cpu_sync_try_get);
+
+/**
+ * __printk_cpu_sync_put() - Release the printk cpu-reentrant spinning lock.
+ *
+ * The calling processor must be the owner of the lock.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context. Expects interrupts to be disabled.
+ */
+void __printk_cpu_sync_put(void)
+{
+	if (atomic_read(&printk_cpu_sync_nested)) {
+		atomic_dec(&printk_cpu_sync_nested);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This CPU is finished loading/storing data:
+	 * LMM(__printk_cpu_sync_put:A)
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee loads and stores from this CPU when it was the
+	 * lock owner are visible to the next lock owner. This pairs
+	 * with __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A.
+	 *
+	 * Memory barrier involvement:
+	 *
+	 * If __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A reads from __printk_cpu_sync_put:B,
+	 * then __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:B reads from __printk_cpu_sync_put:A.
+	 *
+	 * Relies on:
+	 *
+	 * RELEASE from __printk_cpu_sync_put:A to __printk_cpu_sync_put:B
+	 * of this CPU
+	 *    matching
+	 * ACQUIRE from __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:A to
+	 * __printk_cpu_sync_try_get:B of the next CPU
+	 */
+	atomic_set_release(&printk_cpu_sync_owner,
+			   -1); /* LMM(__printk_cpu_sync_put:B) */
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__printk_cpu_sync_put);
+#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */