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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/hid')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/amd-sfh-hid.rst | 145 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hid-alps.rst | 180 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hid-bpf.rst | 522 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hid-sensor.rst | 242 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst | 359 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hiddev.rst | 251 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hidintro.rst | 524 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hidraw.rst | 180 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst | 49 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/index.rst | 21 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/intel-ish-hid.rst | 487 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hid/uhid.rst | 193 |
12 files changed, 3153 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/hid/amd-sfh-hid.rst b/Documentation/hid/amd-sfh-hid.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19ae94cde3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/amd-sfh-hid.rst @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + + +AMD Sensor Fusion Hub +===================== +AMD Sensor Fusion Hub (SFH) is part of an SOC starting from Ryzen-based platforms. +The solution is working well on several OEM products. AMD SFH uses HID over PCIe bus. +In terms of architecture it resembles ISH, however the major difference is all +the HID reports are generated as part of the kernel driver. + +Block Diagram +------------- + +:: + + --------------------------------- + | HID User Space Applications | + - ------------------------------- + + --------------------------------------------- + --------------------------------- + | HID Core | + --------------------------------- + + --------------------------------- + | AMD HID Transport | + --------------------------------- + + -------------------------------- + | AMD HID Client | + | with HID Report Generator| + -------------------------------- + + -------------------------------- + | AMD MP2 PCIe Driver | + -------------------------------- + OS + --------------------------------------------- + Hardware + Firmware + -------------------------------- + | SFH MP2 Processor | + -------------------------------- + + +AMD HID Transport Layer +----------------------- +AMD SFH transport is also implemented as a bus. Each client application executing in the AMD MP2 is +registered as a device on this bus. Here, MP2 is an ARM core connected to x86 for processing +sensor data. The layer, which binds each device (AMD SFH HID driver) identifies the device type and +registers with the HID core. Transport layer attaches a constant "struct hid_ll_driver" object with +each device. Once a device is registered with HID core, the callbacks provided via this struct are +used by HID core to communicate with the device. AMD HID Transport layer implements the synchronous calls. + +AMD HID Client Layer +-------------------- +This layer is responsible to implement HID requests and descriptors. As firmware is OS agnostic, HID +client layer fills the HID request structure and descriptors. HID client layer is complex as it is +interface between MP2 PCIe layer and HID. HID client layer initializes the MP2 PCIe layer and holds +the instance of MP2 layer. It identifies the number of sensors connected using MP2-PCIe layer. Based +on that allocates the DRAM address for each and every sensor and passes it to MP2-PCIe driver. On +enumeration of each sensor, client layer fills the HID Descriptor structure and HID input report +structure. HID Feature report structure is optional. The report descriptor structure varies from +sensor to sensor. + +AMD MP2 PCIe layer +------------------ +MP2 PCIe Layer is responsible for making all transactions with the firmware over PCIe. +The connection establishment between firmware and PCIe happens here. + +The communication between X86 and MP2 is split into three parts. +1. Command transfer via the C2P mailbox registers. +2. Data transfer via DRAM. +3. Supported sensor info via P2C registers. + +Commands are sent to MP2 using C2P Mailbox registers. Writing into C2P Message registers generates +interrupt to MP2. The client layer allocates the physical memory and the same is sent to MP2 via +the PCI layer. MP2 firmware writes the command output to the access DRAM memory which the client +layer has allocated. Firmware always writes minimum of 32 bytes into DRAM. So as a protocol driver +shall allocate minimum of 32 bytes DRAM space. + +Enumeration and Probing flow +---------------------------- +:: + + HID AMD AMD AMD -PCIe MP2 + Core Transport Client layer layer FW + | | | | | + | | | on Boot Driver Loaded | + | | | | | + | | | MP2-PCIe Int | + | | | | | + | | |---Get Number of sensors-> | | + | | | Read P2C | + | | | Register | + | | | | | + | | | Loop(for No of Sensors) | | + | | |----------------------| | | + | | | Create HID Descriptor| | | + | | | Create Input report | | | + | | | Descriptor Map | | | + | | | the MP2 FW Index to | | | + | | | HID Index | | | + | | | Allocate the DRAM | Enable | + | | | address | Sensors | + | | |----------------------| | | + | | HID transport| | Enable | + | |<--Probe------| |---Sensor CMD--> | + | | Create the | | | + | | HID device | | | + | | (MFD) | | | + | | by Populating| | | + | | the HID | | | + | | ll_driver | | | + | HID | | | | + | add | | | | + |Device | | | | + |<------------- | | | | + + +Data Flow from Application to the AMD SFH Driver +------------------------------------------------ + +:: + + | | | | | + | | | | | + | | | | | + | | | | | + | | | | | + |HID_req | | | | + |get_report | | | | + |------------->| | | | + | | HID_get_input| | | + | | report | | | + | |------------->|------------------------| | | + | | | Read the DRAM data for| | | + | | | requested sensor and | | | + | | | create the HID input | | | + | | | report | | | + | | |------------------------| | | + | |Data received | | | + | | in HID report| | | + To |<-------------|<-------------| | | + Applications| | | | | + <-------| | | | | diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hid-alps.rst b/Documentation/hid/hid-alps.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94382bb0ad --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hid-alps.rst @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +========================== +ALPS HID Touchpad Protocol +========================== + +Introduction +------------ +Currently ALPS HID driver supports U1 Touchpad device. + +U1 device basic information. + +========== ====== +Vendor ID 0x044E +Product ID 0x120B +Version ID 0x0121 +========== ====== + + +HID Descriptor +-------------- + +======= ==================== ===== ======================================= +Byte Field Value Notes +======= ==================== ===== ======================================= +0 wHIDDescLength 001E Length of HID Descriptor : 30 bytes +2 bcdVersion 0100 Compliant with Version 1.00 +4 wReportDescLength 00B2 Report Descriptor is 178 Bytes (0x00B2) +6 wReportDescRegister 0002 Identifier to read Report Descriptor +8 wInputRegister 0003 Identifier to read Input Report +10 wMaxInputLength 0053 Input Report is 80 Bytes + 2 +12 wOutputRegister 0000 Identifier to read Output Report +14 wMaxOutputLength 0000 No Output Reports +16 wCommandRegister 0005 Identifier for Command Register +18 wDataRegister 0006 Identifier for Data Register +20 wVendorID 044E Vendor ID 0x044E +22 wProductID 120B Product ID 0x120B +24 wVersionID 0121 Version 01.21 +26 RESERVED 0000 RESERVED +======= ==================== ===== ======================================= + + +Report ID +--------- + +========== ================= ========================================= +ReportID-1 (Input Reports) (HIDUsage-Mouse) for TP&SP +ReportID-2 (Input Reports) (HIDUsage-keyboard) for TP +ReportID-3 (Input Reports) (Vendor Usage: Max 10 finger data) for TP +ReportID-4 (Input Reports) (Vendor Usage: ON bit data) for GP +ReportID-5 (Feature Reports) Feature Reports +ReportID-6 (Input Reports) (Vendor Usage: StickPointer data) for SP +ReportID-7 (Feature Reports) Flash update (Bootloader) +========== ================= ========================================= + + +Data pattern +------------ + +===== ========== ===== ================= +Case1 ReportID_1 TP/SP Relative/Relative +Case2 ReportID_3 TP Absolute + ReportID_6 SP Absolute +===== ========== ===== ================= + + +Command Read/Write +------------------ +To read/write to RAM, need to send a command to the device. + +The command format is as below. + +DataByte(SET_REPORT) + +===== ====================== +Byte1 Command Byte +Byte2 Address - Byte 0 (LSB) +Byte3 Address - Byte 1 +Byte4 Address - Byte 2 +Byte5 Address - Byte 3 (MSB) +Byte6 Value Byte +Byte7 Checksum +===== ====================== + +Command Byte is read=0xD1/write=0xD2. + +Address is read/write RAM address. + +Value Byte is writing data when you send the write commands. + +When you read RAM, there is no meaning. + +DataByte(GET_REPORT) + +===== ====================== +Byte1 Response Byte +Byte2 Address - Byte 0 (LSB) +Byte3 Address - Byte 1 +Byte4 Address - Byte 2 +Byte5 Address - Byte 3 (MSB) +Byte6 Value Byte +Byte7 Checksum +===== ====================== + +Read value is stored in Value Byte. + + +Packet Format +Touchpad data byte +------------------ + + +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== +- b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== +1 0 0 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 +2 0 0 0 Fcv Fn3 Fn2 Fn1 Fn0 +3 Xa0_7 Xa0_6 Xa0_5 Xa0_4 Xa0_3 Xa0_2 Xa0_1 Xa0_0 +4 Xa0_15 Xa0_14 Xa0_13 Xa0_12 Xa0_11 Xa0_10 Xa0_9 Xa0_8 +5 Ya0_7 Ya0_6 Ya0_5 Ya0_4 Ya0_3 Ya0_2 Ya0_1 Ya0_0 +6 Ya0_15 Ya0_14 Ya0_13 Ya0_12 Ya0_11 Ya0_10 Ya0_9 Ya0_8 +7 LFB0 Zs0_6 Zs0_5 Zs0_4 Zs0_3 Zs0_2 Zs0_1 Zs0_0 + +8 Xa1_7 Xa1_6 Xa1_5 Xa1_4 Xa1_3 Xa1_2 Xa1_1 Xa1_0 +9 Xa1_15 Xa1_14 Xa1_13 Xa1_12 Xa1_11 Xa1_10 Xa1_9 Xa1_8 +10 Ya1_7 Ya1_6 Ya1_5 Ya1_4 Ya1_3 Ya1_2 Ya1_1 Ya1_0 +11 Ya1_15 Ya1_14 Ya1_13 Ya1_12 Ya1_11 Ya1_10 Ya1_9 Ya1_8 +12 LFB1 Zs1_6 Zs1_5 Zs1_4 Zs1_3 Zs1_2 Zs1_1 Zs1_0 + +13 Xa2_7 Xa2_6 Xa2_5 Xa2_4 Xa2_3 Xa2_2 Xa2_1 Xa2_0 +14 Xa2_15 Xa2_14 Xa2_13 Xa2_12 Xa2_11 Xa2_10 Xa2_9 Xa2_8 +15 Ya2_7 Ya2_6 Ya2_5 Ya2_4 Ya2_3 Ya2_2 Ya2_1 Ya2_0 +16 Ya2_15 Ya2_14 Ya2_13 Ya2_12 Ya2_11 Ya2_10 Ya2_9 Ya2_8 +17 LFB2 Zs2_6 Zs2_5 Zs2_4 Zs2_3 Zs2_2 Zs2_1 Zs2_0 + +18 Xa3_7 Xa3_6 Xa3_5 Xa3_4 Xa3_3 Xa3_2 Xa3_1 Xa3_0 +19 Xa3_15 Xa3_14 Xa3_13 Xa3_12 Xa3_11 Xa3_10 Xa3_9 Xa3_8 +20 Ya3_7 Ya3_6 Ya3_5 Ya3_4 Ya3_3 Ya3_2 Ya3_1 Ya3_0 +21 Ya3_15 Ya3_14 Ya3_13 Ya3_12 Ya3_11 Ya3_10 Ya3_9 Ya3_8 +22 LFB3 Zs3_6 Zs3_5 Zs3_4 Zs3_3 Zs3_2 Zs3_1 Zs3_0 + +23 Xa4_7 Xa4_6 Xa4_5 Xa4_4 Xa4_3 Xa4_2 Xa4_1 Xa4_0 +24 Xa4_15 Xa4_14 Xa4_13 Xa4_12 Xa4_11 Xa4_10 Xa4_9 Xa4_8 +25 Ya4_7 Ya4_6 Ya4_5 Ya4_4 Ya4_3 Ya4_2 Ya4_1 Ya4_0 +26 Ya4_15 Ya4_14 Ya4_13 Ya4_12 Ya4_11 Ya4_10 Ya4_9 Ya4_8 +27 LFB4 Zs4_6 Zs4_5 Zs4_4 Zs4_3 Zs4_2 Zs4_1 Zs4_0 +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== + + +SW1-SW6: + SW ON/OFF status +Xan_15-0(16bit): + X Absolute data of the "n"th finger +Yan_15-0(16bit): + Y Absolute data of the "n"th finger +Zsn_6-0(7bit): + Operation area of the "n"th finger + + +StickPointer data byte +---------------------- + +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== +- b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== +Byte1 1 1 1 0 1 SW3 SW2 SW1 +Byte2 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 +Byte3 X15 X14 X13 X12 X11 X10 X9 X8 +Byte4 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 +Byte5 Y15 Y14 Y13 Y12 Y11 Y10 Y9 Y8 +Byte6 Z7 Z6 Z5 Z4 Z3 Z2 Z1 Z0 +Byte7 T&P Z14 Z13 Z12 Z11 Z10 Z9 Z8 +======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ===== + +SW1-SW3: + SW ON/OFF status +Xn_15-0(16bit): + X Absolute data +Yn_15-0(16bit): + Y Absolute data +Zn_14-0(15bit): + Z diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hid-bpf.rst b/Documentation/hid/hid-bpf.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4fad83a6eb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hid-bpf.rst @@ -0,0 +1,522 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +======= +HID-BPF +======= + +HID is a standard protocol for input devices but some devices may require +custom tweaks, traditionally done with a kernel driver fix. Using the eBPF +capabilities instead speeds up development and adds new capabilities to the +existing HID interfaces. + +.. contents:: + :local: + :depth: 2 + + +When (and why) to use HID-BPF +============================= + +There are several use cases when using HID-BPF is better +than standard kernel driver fix: + +Dead zone of a joystick +----------------------- + +Assuming you have a joystick that is getting older, it is common to see it +wobbling around its neutral point. This is usually filtered at the application +level by adding a *dead zone* for this specific axis. + +With HID-BPF, we can apply this filtering in the kernel directly so userspace +does not get woken up when nothing else is happening on the input controller. + +Of course, given that this dead zone is specific to an individual device, we +can not create a generic fix for all of the same joysticks. Adding a custom +kernel API for this (e.g. by adding a sysfs entry) does not guarantee this new +kernel API will be broadly adopted and maintained. + +HID-BPF allows the userspace program to load the program itself, ensuring we +only load the custom API when we have a user. + +Simple fixup of report descriptor +--------------------------------- + +In the HID tree, half of the drivers only fix one key or one byte +in the report descriptor. These fixes all require a kernel patch and the +subsequent shepherding into a release, a long and painful process for users. + +We can reduce this burden by providing an eBPF program instead. Once such a +program has been verified by the user, we can embed the source code into the +kernel tree and ship the eBPF program and load it directly instead of loading +a specific kernel module for it. + +Note: distribution of eBPF programs and their inclusion in the kernel is not +yet fully implemented + +Add a new feature that requires a new kernel API +------------------------------------------------ + +An example for such a feature are the Universal Stylus Interface (USI) pens. +Basically, USI pens require a new kernel API because there are new +channels of communication that our HID and input stack do not support. +Instead of using hidraw or creating new sysfs entries or ioctls, we can rely +on eBPF to have the kernel API controlled by the consumer and to not +impact the performances by waking up userspace every time there is an +event. + +Morph a device into something else and control that from userspace +------------------------------------------------------------------ + +The kernel has a relatively static mapping of HID items to evdev bits. +It cannot decide to dynamically transform a given device into something else +as it does not have the required context and any such transformation cannot be +undone (or even discovered) by userspace. + +However, some devices are useless with that static way of defining devices. For +example, the Microsoft Surface Dial is a pushbutton with haptic feedback that +is barely usable as of today. + +With eBPF, userspace can morph that device into a mouse, and convert the dial +events into wheel events. Also, the userspace program can set/unset the haptic +feedback depending on the context. For example, if a menu is visible on the +screen we likely need to have a haptic click every 15 degrees. But when +scrolling in a web page the user experience is better when the device emits +events at the highest resolution. + +Firewall +-------- + +What if we want to prevent other users to access a specific feature of a +device? (think a possibly broken firmware update entry point) + +With eBPF, we can intercept any HID command emitted to the device and +validate it or not. + +This also allows to sync the state between the userspace and the +kernel/bpf program because we can intercept any incoming command. + +Tracing +------- + +The last usage is tracing events and all the fun we can do we BPF to summarize +and analyze events. + +Right now, tracing relies on hidraw. It works well except for a couple +of issues: + +1. if the driver doesn't export a hidraw node, we can't trace anything + (eBPF will be a "god-mode" there, so this may raise some eyebrows) +2. hidraw doesn't catch other processes' requests to the device, which + means that we have cases where we need to add printks to the kernel + to understand what is happening. + +High-level view of HID-BPF +========================== + +The main idea behind HID-BPF is that it works at an array of bytes level. +Thus, all of the parsing of the HID report and the HID report descriptor +must be implemented in the userspace component that loads the eBPF +program. + +For example, in the dead zone joystick from above, knowing which fields +in the data stream needs to be set to ``0`` needs to be computed by userspace. + +A corollary of this is that HID-BPF doesn't know about the other subsystems +available in the kernel. *You can not directly emit input event through the +input API from eBPF*. + +When a BPF program needs to emit input events, it needs to talk with the HID +protocol, and rely on the HID kernel processing to translate the HID data into +input events. + +Available types of programs +=========================== + +HID-BPF is built "on top" of BPF, meaning that we use tracing method to +declare our programs. + +HID-BPF has the following attachment types available: + +1. event processing/filtering with ``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_device_event")`` in libbpf +2. actions coming from userspace with ``SEC("syscall")`` in libbpf +3. change of the report descriptor with ``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup")`` in libbpf + +A ``hid_bpf_device_event`` is calling a BPF program when an event is received from +the device. Thus we are in IRQ context and can act on the data or notify userspace. +And given that we are in IRQ context, we can not talk back to the device. + +A ``syscall`` means that userspace called the syscall ``BPF_PROG_RUN`` facility. +This time, we can do any operations allowed by HID-BPF, and talking to the device is +allowed. + +Last, ``hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup`` is different from the others as there can be only one +BPF program of this type. This is called on ``probe`` from the driver and allows to +change the report descriptor from the BPF program. Once a ``hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup`` +program has been loaded, it is not possible to overwrite it unless the program which +inserted it allows us by pinning the program and closing all of its fds pointing to it. + +Developer API: +============== + +User API data structures available in programs: +----------------------------------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/hid_bpf.h + +Available tracing functions to attach a HID-BPF program: +-------------------------------------------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/hid/bpf/hid_bpf_dispatch.c + :functions: hid_bpf_device_event hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup + +Available API that can be used in all HID-BPF programs: +------------------------------------------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/hid/bpf/hid_bpf_dispatch.c + :functions: hid_bpf_get_data + +Available API that can be used in syscall HID-BPF programs: +----------------------------------------------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/hid/bpf/hid_bpf_dispatch.c + :functions: hid_bpf_attach_prog hid_bpf_hw_request hid_bpf_allocate_context hid_bpf_release_context + +General overview of a HID-BPF program +===================================== + +Accessing the data attached to the context +------------------------------------------ + +The ``struct hid_bpf_ctx`` doesn't export the ``data`` fields directly and to access +it, a bpf program needs to first call :c:func:`hid_bpf_get_data`. + +``offset`` can be any integer, but ``size`` needs to be constant, known at compile +time. + +This allows the following: + +1. for a given device, if we know that the report length will always be of a certain value, + we can request the ``data`` pointer to point at the full report length. + + The kernel will ensure we are using a correct size and offset and eBPF will ensure + the code will not attempt to read or write outside of the boundaries:: + + __u8 *data = hid_bpf_get_data(ctx, 0 /* offset */, 256 /* size */); + + if (!data) + return 0; /* ensure data is correct, now the verifier knows we + * have 256 bytes available */ + + bpf_printk("hello world: %02x %02x %02x", data[0], data[128], data[255]); + +2. if the report length is variable, but we know the value of ``X`` is always a 16-bit + integer, we can then have a pointer to that value only:: + + __u16 *x = hid_bpf_get_data(ctx, offset, sizeof(*x)); + + if (!x) + return 0; /* something went wrong */ + + *x += 1; /* increment X by one */ + +Effect of a HID-BPF program +--------------------------- + +For all HID-BPF attachment types except for :c:func:`hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup`, several eBPF +programs can be attached to the same device. + +Unless ``HID_BPF_FLAG_INSERT_HEAD`` is added to the flags while attaching the +program, the new program is appended at the end of the list. +``HID_BPF_FLAG_INSERT_HEAD`` will insert the new program at the beginning of the +list which is useful for e.g. tracing where we need to get the unprocessed events +from the device. + +Note that if there are multiple programs using the ``HID_BPF_FLAG_INSERT_HEAD`` flag, +only the most recently loaded one is actually the first in the list. + +``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_device_event")`` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Whenever a matching event is raised, the eBPF programs are called one after the other +and are working on the same data buffer. + +If a program changes the data associated with the context, the next one will see +the modified data but it will have *no* idea of what the original data was. + +Once all the programs are run and return ``0`` or a positive value, the rest of the +HID stack will work on the modified data, with the ``size`` field of the last hid_bpf_ctx +being the new size of the input stream of data. + +A BPF program returning a negative error discards the event, i.e. this event will not be +processed by the HID stack. Clients (hidraw, input, LEDs) will **not** see this event. + +``SEC("syscall")`` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +``syscall`` are not attached to a given device. To tell which device we are working +with, userspace needs to refer to the device by its unique system id (the last 4 numbers +in the sysfs path: ``/sys/bus/hid/devices/xxxx:yyyy:zzzz:0000``). + +To retrieve a context associated with the device, the program must call +:c:func:`hid_bpf_allocate_context` and must release it with :c:func:`hid_bpf_release_context` +before returning. +Once the context is retrieved, one can also request a pointer to kernel memory with +:c:func:`hid_bpf_get_data`. This memory is big enough to support all input/output/feature +reports of the given device. + +``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup")`` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The ``hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup`` program works in a similar manner to +``.report_fixup`` of ``struct hid_driver``. + +When the device is probed, the kernel sets the data buffer of the context with the +content of the report descriptor. The memory associated with that buffer is +``HID_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE`` (currently 4kB). + +The eBPF program can modify the data buffer at-will and the kernel uses the +modified content and size as the report descriptor. + +Whenever a ``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup")`` program is attached (if no +program was attached before), the kernel immediately disconnects the HID device +and does a reprobe. + +In the same way, when the ``SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup")`` program is +detached, the kernel issues a disconnect on the device. + +There is no ``detach`` facility in HID-BPF. Detaching a program happens when +all the user space file descriptors pointing at a program are closed. +Thus, if we need to replace a report descriptor fixup, some cooperation is +required from the owner of the original report descriptor fixup. +The previous owner will likely pin the program in the bpffs, and we can then +replace it through normal bpf operations. + +Attaching a bpf program to a device +=================================== + +``libbpf`` does not export any helper to attach a HID-BPF program. +Users need to use a dedicated ``syscall`` program which will call +``hid_bpf_attach_prog(hid_id, program_fd, flags)``. + +``hid_id`` is the unique system ID of the HID device (the last 4 numbers in the +sysfs path: ``/sys/bus/hid/devices/xxxx:yyyy:zzzz:0000``) + +``progam_fd`` is the opened file descriptor of the program to attach. + +``flags`` is of type ``enum hid_bpf_attach_flags``. + +We can not rely on hidraw to bind a BPF program to a HID device. hidraw is an +artefact of the processing of the HID device, and is not stable. Some drivers +even disable it, so that removes the tracing capabilities on those devices +(where it is interesting to get the non-hidraw traces). + +On the other hand, the ``hid_id`` is stable for the entire life of the HID device, +even if we change its report descriptor. + +Given that hidraw is not stable when the device disconnects/reconnects, we recommend +accessing the current report descriptor of the device through the sysfs. +This is available at ``/sys/bus/hid/devices/BUS:VID:PID.000N/report_descriptor`` as a +binary stream. + +Parsing the report descriptor is the responsibility of the BPF programmer or the userspace +component that loads the eBPF program. + +An (almost) complete example of a BPF enhanced HID device +========================================================= + +*Foreword: for most parts, this could be implemented as a kernel driver* + +Let's imagine we have a new tablet device that has some haptic capabilities +to simulate the surface the user is scratching on. This device would also have +a specific 3 positions switch to toggle between *pencil on paper*, *cray on a wall* +and *brush on a painting canvas*. To make things even better, we can control the +physical position of the switch through a feature report. + +And of course, the switch is relying on some userspace component to control the +haptic feature of the device itself. + +Filtering events +---------------- + +The first step consists in filtering events from the device. Given that the switch +position is actually reported in the flow of the pen events, using hidraw to implement +that filtering would mean that we wake up userspace for every single event. + +This is OK for libinput, but having an external library that is just interested in +one byte in the report is less than ideal. + +For that, we can create a basic skeleton for our BPF program:: + + #include "vmlinux.h" + #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h> + #include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h> + + /* HID programs need to be GPL */ + char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL"; + + /* HID-BPF kfunc API definitions */ + extern __u8 *hid_bpf_get_data(struct hid_bpf_ctx *ctx, + unsigned int offset, + const size_t __sz) __ksym; + extern int hid_bpf_attach_prog(unsigned int hid_id, int prog_fd, u32 flags) __ksym; + + struct { + __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF); + __uint(max_entries, 4096 * 64); + } ringbuf SEC(".maps"); + + struct attach_prog_args { + int prog_fd; + unsigned int hid; + unsigned int flags; + int retval; + }; + + SEC("syscall") + int attach_prog(struct attach_prog_args *ctx) + { + ctx->retval = hid_bpf_attach_prog(ctx->hid, + ctx->prog_fd, + ctx->flags); + return 0; + } + + __u8 current_value = 0; + + SEC("?fmod_ret/hid_bpf_device_event") + int BPF_PROG(filter_switch, struct hid_bpf_ctx *hid_ctx) + { + __u8 *data = hid_bpf_get_data(hid_ctx, 0 /* offset */, 192 /* size */); + __u8 *buf; + + if (!data) + return 0; /* EPERM check */ + + if (current_value != data[152]) { + buf = bpf_ringbuf_reserve(&ringbuf, 1, 0); + if (!buf) + return 0; + + *buf = data[152]; + + bpf_ringbuf_commit(buf, 0); + + current_value = data[152]; + } + + return 0; + } + +To attach ``filter_switch``, userspace needs to call the ``attach_prog`` syscall +program first:: + + static int attach_filter(struct hid *hid_skel, int hid_id) + { + int err, prog_fd; + int ret = -1; + struct attach_prog_args args = { + .hid = hid_id, + }; + DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, tattrs, + .ctx_in = &args, + .ctx_size_in = sizeof(args), + ); + + args.prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(hid_skel->progs.filter_switch); + + prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(hid_skel->progs.attach_prog); + + err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(prog_fd, &tattrs); + if (err) + return err; + + return args.retval; /* the fd of the created bpf_link */ + } + +Our userspace program can now listen to notifications on the ring buffer, and +is awaken only when the value changes. + +When the userspace program doesn't need to listen to events anymore, it can just +close the returned fd from :c:func:`attach_filter`, which will tell the kernel to +detach the program from the HID device. + +Of course, in other use cases, the userspace program can also pin the fd to the +BPF filesystem through a call to :c:func:`bpf_obj_pin`, as with any bpf_link. + +Controlling the device +---------------------- + +To be able to change the haptic feedback from the tablet, the userspace program +needs to emit a feature report on the device itself. + +Instead of using hidraw for that, we can create a ``SEC("syscall")`` program +that talks to the device:: + + /* some more HID-BPF kfunc API definitions */ + extern struct hid_bpf_ctx *hid_bpf_allocate_context(unsigned int hid_id) __ksym; + extern void hid_bpf_release_context(struct hid_bpf_ctx *ctx) __ksym; + extern int hid_bpf_hw_request(struct hid_bpf_ctx *ctx, + __u8* data, + size_t len, + enum hid_report_type type, + enum hid_class_request reqtype) __ksym; + + + struct hid_send_haptics_args { + /* data needs to come at offset 0 so we can do a memcpy into it */ + __u8 data[10]; + unsigned int hid; + }; + + SEC("syscall") + int send_haptic(struct hid_send_haptics_args *args) + { + struct hid_bpf_ctx *ctx; + int ret = 0; + + ctx = hid_bpf_allocate_context(args->hid); + if (!ctx) + return 0; /* EPERM check */ + + ret = hid_bpf_hw_request(ctx, + args->data, + 10, + HID_FEATURE_REPORT, + HID_REQ_SET_REPORT); + + hid_bpf_release_context(ctx); + + return ret; + } + +And then userspace needs to call that program directly:: + + static int set_haptic(struct hid *hid_skel, int hid_id, __u8 haptic_value) + { + int err, prog_fd; + int ret = -1; + struct hid_send_haptics_args args = { + .hid = hid_id, + }; + DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, tattrs, + .ctx_in = &args, + .ctx_size_in = sizeof(args), + ); + + args.data[0] = 0x02; /* report ID of the feature on our device */ + args.data[1] = haptic_value; + + prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(hid_skel->progs.set_haptic); + + err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(prog_fd, &tattrs); + return err; + } + +Now our userspace program is aware of the haptic state and can control it. The +program could make this state further available to other userspace programs +(e.g. via a DBus API). + +The interesting bit here is that we did not created a new kernel API for this. +Which means that if there is a bug in our implementation, we can change the +interface with the kernel at-will, because the userspace application is +responsible for its own usage. diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hid-sensor.rst b/Documentation/hid/hid-sensor.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c1c9b8d8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hid-sensor.rst @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +===================== +HID Sensors Framework +===================== +HID sensor framework provides necessary interfaces to implement sensor drivers, +which are connected to a sensor hub. The sensor hub is a HID device and it provides +a report descriptor conforming to HID 1.12 sensor usage tables. + +Description from the HID 1.12 "HID Sensor Usages" specification: +"Standardization of HID usages for sensors would allow (but not require) sensor +hardware vendors to provide a consistent Plug And Play interface at the USB boundary, +thereby enabling some operating systems to incorporate common device drivers that +could be reused between vendors, alleviating any need for the vendors to provide +the drivers themselves." + +This specification describes many usage IDs, which describe the type of sensor +and also the individual data fields. Each sensor can have variable number of +data fields. The length and order is specified in the report descriptor. For +example a part of report descriptor can look like:: + + INPUT(1)[INPUT] + .. + Field(2) + Physical(0020.0073) + Usage(1) + 0020.045f + Logical Minimum(-32767) + Logical Maximum(32767) + Report Size(8) + Report Count(1) + Report Offset(16) + Flags(Variable Absolute) + .. + .. + +The report is indicating "sensor page (0x20)" contains an accelerometer-3D (0x73). +This accelerometer-3D has some fields. Here for example field 2 is motion intensity +(0x045f) with a logical minimum value of -32767 and logical maximum of 32767. The +order of fields and length of each field is important as the input event raw +data will use this format. + + +Implementation +============== + +This specification defines many different types of sensors with different sets of +data fields. It is difficult to have a common input event to user space applications, +for different sensors. For example an accelerometer can send X,Y and Z data, whereas +an ambient light sensor can send illumination data. +So the implementation has two parts: + +- Core HID driver +- Individual sensor processing part (sensor drivers) + +Core driver +----------- +The core driver (hid-sensor-hub) registers as a HID driver. It parses +report descriptors and identifies all the sensors present. It adds an MFD device +with name HID-SENSOR-xxxx (where xxxx is usage id from the specification). + +For example: + +HID-SENSOR-200073 is registered for an Accelerometer 3D driver. + +So if any driver with this name is inserted, then the probe routine for that +function will be called. So an accelerometer processing driver can register +with this name and will be probed if there is an accelerometer-3D detected. + +The core driver provides a set of APIs which can be used by the processing +drivers to register and get events for that usage id. Also it provides parsing +functions, which get and set each input/feature/output report. + +Individual sensor processing part (sensor drivers) +-------------------------------------------------- + +The processing driver will use an interface provided by the core driver to parse +the report and get the indexes of the fields and also can get events. This driver +can use IIO interface to use the standard ABI defined for a type of sensor. + + +Core driver Interface +===================== + +Callback structure:: + + Each processing driver can use this structure to set some callbacks. + int (*suspend)(..): Callback when HID suspend is received + int (*resume)(..): Callback when HID resume is received + int (*capture_sample)(..): Capture a sample for one of its data fields + int (*send_event)(..): One complete event is received which can have + multiple data fields. + +Registration functions:: + + int sensor_hub_register_callback(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, + u32 usage_id, + struct hid_sensor_hub_callbacks *usage_callback): + +Registers callbacks for a usage id. The callback functions are not allowed +to sleep:: + + + int sensor_hub_remove_callback(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, + u32 usage_id): + +Removes callbacks for a usage id. + + +Parsing function:: + + int sensor_hub_input_get_attribute_info(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, + u8 type, + u32 usage_id, u32 attr_usage_id, + struct hid_sensor_hub_attribute_info *info); + +A processing driver can look for some field of interest and check if it exists +in a report descriptor. If it exists it will store necessary information +so that fields can be set or get individually. +These indexes avoid searching every time and getting field index to get or set. + + +Set Feature report:: + + int sensor_hub_set_feature(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, u32 report_id, + u32 field_index, s32 value); + +This interface is used to set a value for a field in feature report. For example +if there is a field report_interval, which is parsed by a call to +sensor_hub_input_get_attribute_info before, then it can directly set that +individual field:: + + + int sensor_hub_get_feature(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, u32 report_id, + u32 field_index, s32 *value); + +This interface is used to get a value for a field in input report. For example +if there is a field report_interval, which is parsed by a call to +sensor_hub_input_get_attribute_info before, then it can directly get that +individual field value:: + + + int sensor_hub_input_attr_get_raw_value(struct hid_sensor_hub_device *hsdev, + u32 usage_id, + u32 attr_usage_id, u32 report_id); + +This is used to get a particular field value through input reports. For example +accelerometer wants to poll X axis value, then it can call this function with +the usage id of X axis. HID sensors can provide events, so this is not necessary +to poll for any field. If there is some new sample, the core driver will call +registered callback function to process the sample. + + +---------- + +HID Custom and generic Sensors +------------------------------ + + +HID Sensor specification defines two special sensor usage types. Since they +don't represent a standard sensor, it is not possible to define using Linux IIO +type interfaces. +The purpose of these sensors is to extend the functionality or provide a +way to obfuscate the data being communicated by a sensor. Without knowing the +mapping between the data and its encapsulated form, it is difficult for +an application/driver to determine what data is being communicated by the sensor. +This allows some differentiating use cases, where vendor can provide applications. +Some common use cases are debug other sensors or to provide some events like +keyboard attached/detached or lid open/close. + +To allow application to utilize these sensors, here they are exported using sysfs +attribute groups, attributes and misc device interface. + +An example of this representation on sysfs:: + + /sys/devices/pci0000:00/INT33C2:00/i2c-0/i2c-INT33D1:00/0018:8086:09FA.0001/HID-SENSOR-2000e1.6.auto$ tree -R + . + │ ├── enable_sensor + │ │ ├── feature-0-200316 + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-maximum + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-minimum + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-name + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-size + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-unit-expo + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-units + │ │ │ ├── feature-0-200316-value + │ │ ├── feature-1-200201 + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-maximum + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-minimum + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-name + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-size + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-unit-expo + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-units + │ │ │ ├── feature-1-200201-value + │ │ ├── input-0-200201 + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-maximum + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-minimum + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-name + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-size + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-unit-expo + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-units + │ │ │ ├── input-0-200201-value + │ │ ├── input-1-200202 + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-maximum + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-minimum + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-name + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-size + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-unit-expo + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-units + │ │ │ ├── input-1-200202-value + +Here there is a custom sensor with four fields: two feature and two inputs. +Each field is represented by a set of attributes. All fields except the "value" +are read only. The value field is a read-write field. + +Example:: + + /sys/bus/platform/devices/HID-SENSOR-2000e1.6.auto/feature-0-200316$ grep -r . * + feature-0-200316-maximum:6 + feature-0-200316-minimum:0 + feature-0-200316-name:property-reporting-state + feature-0-200316-size:1 + feature-0-200316-unit-expo:0 + feature-0-200316-units:25 + feature-0-200316-value:1 + +How to enable such sensor? +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +By default sensor can be power gated. To enable sysfs attribute "enable" can be +used:: + + $ echo 1 > enable_sensor + +Once enabled and powered on, sensor can report value using HID reports. +These reports are pushed using misc device interface in a FIFO order:: + + /dev$ tree | grep HID-SENSOR-2000e1.6.auto + │ │ │ ├── 10:53 -> ../HID-SENSOR-2000e1.6.auto + │ ├── HID-SENSOR-2000e1.6.auto + +Each report can be of variable length preceded by a header. This header +consists of a 32-bit usage id, 64-bit time stamp and 32-bit length field of raw +data. diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst b/Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6f1692da29 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ +========================= +HID I/O Transport Drivers +========================= + +The HID subsystem is independent of the underlying transport driver. Initially, +only USB was supported, but other specifications adopted the HID design and +provided new transport drivers. The kernel includes at least support for USB, +Bluetooth, I2C and user-space I/O drivers. + +1) HID Bus +========== + +The HID subsystem is designed as a bus. Any I/O subsystem may provide HID +devices and register them with the HID bus. HID core then loads generic device +drivers on top of it. The transport drivers are responsible for raw data +transport and device setup/management. HID core is responsible for +report-parsing, report interpretation and the user-space API. Device specifics +and quirks are handled by all layers depending on the quirk. + +:: + + +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ + | Device #1 | | Device #i | | Device #j | | Device #k | + +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ + \\ // \\ // + +------------+ +------------+ + | I/O Driver | | I/O Driver | + +------------+ +------------+ + || || + +------------------+ +------------------+ + | Transport Driver | | Transport Driver | + +------------------+ +------------------+ + \___ ___/ + \ / + +----------------+ + | HID Core | + +----------------+ + / | | \ + / | | \ + ____________/ | | \_________________ + / | | \ + / | | \ + +----------------+ +-----------+ +------------------+ +------------------+ + | Generic Driver | | MT Driver | | Custom Driver #1 | | Custom Driver #2 | + +----------------+ +-----------+ +------------------+ +------------------+ + +Example Drivers: + + - I/O: USB, I2C, Bluetooth-l2cap + - Transport: USB-HID, I2C-HID, BT-HIDP + +Everything below "HID Core" is simplified in this graph as it is only of +interest to HID device drivers. Transport drivers do not need to know the +specifics. + +1.1) Device Setup +----------------- + +I/O drivers normally provide hotplug detection or device enumeration APIs to the +transport drivers. Transport drivers use this to find any suitable HID device. +They allocate HID device objects and register them with HID core. Transport +drivers are not required to register themselves with HID core. HID core is never +aware of which transport drivers are available and is not interested in it. It +is only interested in devices. + +Transport drivers attach a constant "struct hid_ll_driver" object with each +device. Once a device is registered with HID core, the callbacks provided via +this struct are used by HID core to communicate with the device. + +Transport drivers are responsible for detecting device failures and unplugging. +HID core will operate a device as long as it is registered regardless of any +device failures. Once transport drivers detect unplug or failure events, they +must unregister the device from HID core and HID core will stop using the +provided callbacks. + +1.2) Transport Driver Requirements +---------------------------------- + +The terms "asynchronous" and "synchronous" in this document describe the +transmission behavior regarding acknowledgements. An asynchronous channel must +not perform any synchronous operations like waiting for acknowledgements or +verifications. Generally, HID calls operating on asynchronous channels must be +running in atomic-context just fine. +On the other hand, synchronous channels can be implemented by the transport +driver in whatever way they like. They might just be the same as asynchronous +channels, but they can also provide acknowledgement reports, automatic +retransmission on failure, etc. in a blocking manner. If such functionality is +required on asynchronous channels, a transport-driver must implement that via +its own worker threads. + +HID core requires transport drivers to follow a given design. A Transport +driver must provide two bi-directional I/O channels to each HID device. These +channels must not necessarily be bi-directional in the hardware itself. A +transport driver might just provide 4 uni-directional channels. Or it might +multiplex all four on a single physical channel. However, in this document we +will describe them as two bi-directional channels as they have several +properties in common. + + - Interrupt Channel (intr): The intr channel is used for asynchronous data + reports. No management commands or data acknowledgements are sent on this + channel. Any unrequested incoming or outgoing data report must be sent on + this channel and is never acknowledged by the remote side. Devices usually + send their input events on this channel. Outgoing events are normally + not sent via intr, except if high throughput is required. + - Control Channel (ctrl): The ctrl channel is used for synchronous requests and + device management. Unrequested data input events must not be sent on this + channel and are normally ignored. Instead, devices only send management + events or answers to host requests on this channel. + The control-channel is used for direct blocking queries to the device + independent of any events on the intr-channel. + Outgoing reports are usually sent on the ctrl channel via synchronous + SET_REPORT requests. + +Communication between devices and HID core is mostly done via HID reports. A +report can be of one of three types: + + - INPUT Report: Input reports provide data from device to host. This + data may include button events, axis events, battery status or more. This + data is generated by the device and sent to the host with or without + requiring explicit requests. Devices can choose to send data continuously or + only on change. + - OUTPUT Report: Output reports change device states. They are sent from host + to device and may include LED requests, rumble requests or more. Output + reports are never sent from device to host, but a host can retrieve their + current state. + Hosts may choose to send output reports either continuously or only on + change. + - FEATURE Report: Feature reports are used for specific static device features + and never reported spontaneously. A host can read and/or write them to access + data like battery-state or device-settings. + Feature reports are never sent without requests. A host must explicitly set + or retrieve a feature report. This also means, feature reports are never sent + on the intr channel as this channel is asynchronous. + +INPUT and OUTPUT reports can be sent as pure data reports on the intr channel. +For INPUT reports this is the usual operational mode. But for OUTPUT reports, +this is rarely done as OUTPUT reports are normally quite scarce. But devices are +free to make excessive use of asynchronous OUTPUT reports (for instance, custom +HID audio speakers make great use of it). + +Plain reports must not be sent on the ctrl channel, though. Instead, the ctrl +channel provides synchronous GET/SET_REPORT requests. Plain reports are only +allowed on the intr channel and are the only means of data there. + + - GET_REPORT: A GET_REPORT request has a report ID as payload and is sent + from host to device. The device must answer with a data report for the + requested report ID on the ctrl channel as a synchronous acknowledgement. + Only one GET_REPORT request can be pending for each device. This restriction + is enforced by HID core as several transport drivers don't allow multiple + simultaneous GET_REPORT requests. + Note that data reports which are sent as answer to a GET_REPORT request are + not handled as generic device events. That is, if a device does not operate + in continuous data reporting mode, an answer to GET_REPORT does not replace + the raw data report on the intr channel on state change. + GET_REPORT is only used by custom HID device drivers to query device state. + Normally, HID core caches any device state so this request is not necessary + on devices that follow the HID specs except during device initialization to + retrieve the current state. + GET_REPORT requests can be sent for any of the 3 report types and shall + return the current report state of the device. However, OUTPUT reports as + payload may be blocked by the underlying transport driver if the + specification does not allow them. + - SET_REPORT: A SET_REPORT request has a report ID plus data as payload. It is + sent from host to device and a device must update its current report state + according to the given data. Any of the 3 report types can be used. However, + INPUT reports as payload might be blocked by the underlying transport driver + if the specification does not allow them. + A device must answer with a synchronous acknowledgement. However, HID core + does not require transport drivers to forward this acknowledgement to HID + core. + Same as for GET_REPORT, only one SET_REPORT can be pending at a time. This + restriction is enforced by HID core as some transport drivers do not support + multiple synchronous SET_REPORT requests. + +Other ctrl-channel requests are supported by USB-HID but are not available +(or deprecated) in most other transport level specifications: + + - GET/SET_IDLE: Only used by USB-HID and I2C-HID. + - GET/SET_PROTOCOL: Not used by HID core. + - RESET: Used by I2C-HID, not hooked up in HID core. + - SET_POWER: Used by I2C-HID, not hooked up in HID core. + +2) HID API +========== + +2.1) Initialization +------------------- + +Transport drivers normally use the following procedure to register a new device +with HID core:: + + struct hid_device *hid; + int ret; + + hid = hid_allocate_device(); + if (IS_ERR(hid)) { + ret = PTR_ERR(hid); + goto err_<...>; + } + + strscpy(hid->name, <device-name-src>, sizeof(hid->name)); + strscpy(hid->phys, <device-phys-src>, sizeof(hid->phys)); + strscpy(hid->uniq, <device-uniq-src>, sizeof(hid->uniq)); + + hid->ll_driver = &custom_ll_driver; + hid->bus = <device-bus>; + hid->vendor = <device-vendor>; + hid->product = <device-product>; + hid->version = <device-version>; + hid->country = <device-country>; + hid->dev.parent = <pointer-to-parent-device>; + hid->driver_data = <transport-driver-data-field>; + + ret = hid_add_device(hid); + if (ret) + goto err_<...>; + +Once hid_add_device() is entered, HID core might use the callbacks provided in +"custom_ll_driver". Note that fields like "country" can be ignored by underlying +transport-drivers if not supported. + +To unregister a device, use:: + + hid_destroy_device(hid); + +Once hid_destroy_device() returns, HID core will no longer make use of any +driver callbacks. + +2.2) hid_ll_driver operations +----------------------------- + +The available HID callbacks are: + + :: + + int (*start) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Called from HID device drivers once they want to use the device. Transport + drivers can choose to setup their device in this callback. However, normally + devices are already set up before transport drivers register them to HID core + so this is mostly only used by USB-HID. + + :: + + void (*stop) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Called from HID device drivers once they are done with a device. Transport + drivers can free any buffers and deinitialize the device. But note that + ->start() might be called again if another HID device driver is loaded on the + device. + + Transport drivers are free to ignore it and deinitialize devices after they + destroyed them via hid_destroy_device(). + + :: + + int (*open) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Called from HID device drivers once they are interested in data reports. + Usually, while user-space didn't open any input API/etc., device drivers are + not interested in device data and transport drivers can put devices asleep. + However, once ->open() is called, transport drivers must be ready for I/O. + ->open() calls are nested for each client that opens the HID device. + + :: + + void (*close) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Called from HID device drivers after ->open() was called but they are no + longer interested in device reports. (Usually if user-space closed any input + devices of the driver). + + Transport drivers can put devices asleep and terminate any I/O of all + ->open() calls have been followed by a ->close() call. However, ->start() may + be called again if the device driver is interested in input reports again. + + :: + + int (*parse) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Called once during device setup after ->start() has been called. Transport + drivers must read the HID report-descriptor from the device and tell HID core + about it via hid_parse_report(). + + :: + + int (*power) (struct hid_device *hdev, int level) + + Called by HID core to give PM hints to transport drivers. Usually this is + analogical to the ->open() and ->close() hints and redundant. + + :: + + void (*request) (struct hid_device *hdev, struct hid_report *report, + int reqtype) + + Send a HID request on the ctrl channel. "report" contains the report that + should be sent and "reqtype" the request type. Request-type can be + HID_REQ_SET_REPORT or HID_REQ_GET_REPORT. + + This callback is optional. If not provided, HID core will assemble a raw + report following the HID specs and send it via the ->raw_request() callback. + The transport driver is free to implement this asynchronously. + + :: + + int (*wait) (struct hid_device *hdev) + + Used by HID core before calling ->request() again. A transport driver can use + it to wait for any pending requests to complete if only one request is + allowed at a time. + + :: + + int (*raw_request) (struct hid_device *hdev, unsigned char reportnum, + __u8 *buf, size_t count, unsigned char rtype, + int reqtype) + + Same as ->request() but provides the report as raw buffer. This request shall + be synchronous. A transport driver must not use ->wait() to complete such + requests. This request is mandatory and hid core will reject the device if + it is missing. + + :: + + int (*output_report) (struct hid_device *hdev, __u8 *buf, size_t len) + + Send raw output report via intr channel. Used by some HID device drivers + which require high throughput for outgoing requests on the intr channel. This + must not cause SET_REPORT calls! This must be implemented as asynchronous + output report on the intr channel! + + :: + + int (*idle) (struct hid_device *hdev, int report, int idle, int reqtype) + + Perform SET/GET_IDLE request. Only used by USB-HID, do not implement! + +2.3) Data Path +-------------- + +Transport drivers are responsible of reading data from I/O devices. They must +handle any I/O-related state-tracking themselves. HID core does not implement +protocol handshakes or other management commands which can be required by the +given HID transport specification. + +Every raw data packet read from a device must be fed into HID core via +hid_input_report(). You must specify the channel-type (intr or ctrl) and report +type (input/output/feature). Under normal conditions, only input reports are +provided via this API. + +Responses to GET_REPORT requests via ->request() must also be provided via this +API. Responses to ->raw_request() are synchronous and must be intercepted by the +transport driver and not passed to hid_input_report(). +Acknowledgements to SET_REPORT requests are not of interest to HID core. + +---------------------------------------------------- + +Written 2013, David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hiddev.rst b/Documentation/hid/hiddev.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b82c7f896 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hiddev.rst @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +================================================ +Care and feeding of your Human Interface Devices +================================================ + +Introduction +============ + +In addition to the normal input type HID devices, USB also uses the +human interface device protocols for things that are not really human +interfaces, but have similar sorts of communication needs. The two big +examples for this are power devices (especially uninterruptible power +supplies) and monitor control on higher end monitors. + +To support these disparate requirements, the Linux USB system provides +HID events to two separate interfaces: +* the input subsystem, which converts HID events into normal input +device interfaces (such as keyboard, mouse and joystick) and a +normalised event interface - see Documentation/input/input.rst +* the hiddev interface, which provides fairly raw HID events + +The data flow for a HID event produced by a device is something like +the following:: + + usb.c ---> hid-core.c ----> hid-input.c ----> [keyboard/mouse/joystick/event] + | + | + --> hiddev.c ----> POWER / MONITOR CONTROL + +In addition, other subsystems (apart from USB) can potentially feed +events into the input subsystem, but these have no effect on the HID +device interface. + +Using the HID Device Interface +============================== + +The hiddev interface is a char interface using the normal USB major, +with the minor numbers starting at 96 and finishing at 111. Therefore, +you need the following commands:: + + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev0 c 180 96 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev1 c 180 97 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev2 c 180 98 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev3 c 180 99 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev4 c 180 100 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev5 c 180 101 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev6 c 180 102 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev7 c 180 103 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev8 c 180 104 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev9 c 180 105 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev10 c 180 106 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev11 c 180 107 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev12 c 180 108 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev13 c 180 109 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev14 c 180 110 + mknod /dev/usb/hiddev15 c 180 111 + +So you point your hiddev compliant user-space program at the correct +interface for your device, and it all just works. + +Assuming that you have a hiddev compliant user-space program, of +course. If you need to write one, read on. + + +The HIDDEV API +============== + +This description should be read in conjunction with the HID +specification, freely available from https://www.usb.org, and +conveniently linked of http://www.linux-usb.org. + +The hiddev API uses a read() interface, and a set of ioctl() calls. + +HID devices exchange data with the host computer using data +bundles called "reports". Each report is divided into "fields", +each of which can have one or more "usages". In the hid-core, +each one of these usages has a single signed 32-bit value. + +read(): +------- + +This is the event interface. When the HID device's state changes, +it performs an interrupt transfer containing a report which contains +the changed value. The hid-core.c module parses the report, and +returns to hiddev.c the individual usages that have changed within +the report. In its basic mode, the hiddev will make these individual +usage changes available to the reader using a struct hiddev_event:: + + struct hiddev_event { + unsigned hid; + signed int value; + }; + +containing the HID usage identifier for the status that changed, and +the value that it was changed to. Note that the structure is defined +within <linux/hiddev.h>, along with some other useful #defines and +structures. The HID usage identifier is a composite of the HID usage +page shifted to the 16 high order bits ORed with the usage code. The +behavior of the read() function can be modified using the HIDIOCSFLAG +ioctl() described below. + + +ioctl(): +-------- + +This is the control interface. There are a number of controls: + +HIDIOCGVERSION + - int (read) + + Gets the version code out of the hiddev driver. + +HIDIOCAPPLICATION + - (none) + +This ioctl call returns the HID application usage associated with the +HID device. The third argument to ioctl() specifies which application +index to get. This is useful when the device has more than one +application collection. If the index is invalid (greater or equal to +the number of application collections this device has) the ioctl +returns -1. You can find out beforehand how many application +collections the device has from the num_applications field from the +hiddev_devinfo structure. + +HIDIOCGCOLLECTIONINFO + - struct hiddev_collection_info (read/write) + +This returns a superset of the information above, providing not only +application collections, but all the collections the device has. It +also returns the level the collection lives in the hierarchy. +The user passes in a hiddev_collection_info struct with the index +field set to the index that should be returned. The ioctl fills in +the other fields. If the index is larger than the last collection +index, the ioctl returns -1 and sets errno to -EINVAL. + +HIDIOCGDEVINFO + - struct hiddev_devinfo (read) + +Gets a hiddev_devinfo structure which describes the device. + +HIDIOCGSTRING + - struct hiddev_string_descriptor (read/write) + +Gets a string descriptor from the device. The caller must fill in the +"index" field to indicate which descriptor should be returned. + +HIDIOCINITREPORT + - (none) + +Instructs the kernel to retrieve all input and feature report values +from the device. At this point, all the usage structures will contain +current values for the device, and will maintain it as the device +changes. Note that the use of this ioctl is unnecessary in general, +since later kernels automatically initialize the reports from the +device at attach time. + +HIDIOCGNAME + - string (variable length) + +Gets the device name + +HIDIOCGREPORT + - struct hiddev_report_info (write) + +Instructs the kernel to get a feature or input report from the device, +in order to selectively update the usage structures (in contrast to +INITREPORT). + +HIDIOCSREPORT + - struct hiddev_report_info (write) + +Instructs the kernel to send a report to the device. This report can +be filled in by the user through HIDIOCSUSAGE calls (below) to fill in +individual usage values in the report before sending the report in full +to the device. + +HIDIOCGREPORTINFO + - struct hiddev_report_info (read/write) + +Fills in a hiddev_report_info structure for the user. The report is +looked up by type (input, output or feature) and id, so these fields +must be filled in by the user. The ID can be absolute -- the actual +report id as reported by the device -- or relative -- +HID_REPORT_ID_FIRST for the first report, and (HID_REPORT_ID_NEXT | +report_id) for the next report after report_id. Without a priori +information about report ids, the right way to use this ioctl is to +use the relative IDs above to enumerate the valid IDs. The ioctl +returns non-zero when there is no more next ID. The real report ID is +filled into the returned hiddev_report_info structure. + +HIDIOCGFIELDINFO + - struct hiddev_field_info (read/write) + +Returns the field information associated with a report in a +hiddev_field_info structure. The user must fill in report_id and +report_type in this structure, as above. The field_index should also +be filled in, which should be a number from 0 and maxfield-1, as +returned from a previous HIDIOCGREPORTINFO call. + +HIDIOCGUCODE + - struct hiddev_usage_ref (read/write) + +Returns the usage_code in a hiddev_usage_ref structure, given that +its report type, report id, field index, and index within the +field have already been filled into the structure. + +HIDIOCGUSAGE + - struct hiddev_usage_ref (read/write) + +Returns the value of a usage in a hiddev_usage_ref structure. The +usage to be retrieved can be specified as above, or the user can +choose to fill in the report_type field and specify the report_id as +HID_REPORT_ID_UNKNOWN. In this case, the hiddev_usage_ref will be +filled in with the report and field information associated with this +usage if it is found. + +HIDIOCSUSAGE + - struct hiddev_usage_ref (write) + +Sets the value of a usage in an output report. The user fills in +the hiddev_usage_ref structure as above, but additionally fills in +the value field. + +HIDIOGCOLLECTIONINDEX + - struct hiddev_usage_ref (write) + +Returns the collection index associated with this usage. This +indicates where in the collection hierarchy this usage sits. + +HIDIOCGFLAG + - int (read) +HIDIOCSFLAG + - int (write) + +These operations respectively inspect and replace the mode flags +that influence the read() call above. The flags are as follows: + + HIDDEV_FLAG_UREF + - read() calls will now return + struct hiddev_usage_ref instead of struct hiddev_event. + This is a larger structure, but in situations where the + device has more than one usage in its reports with the + same usage code, this mode serves to resolve such + ambiguity. + + HIDDEV_FLAG_REPORT + - This flag can only be used in conjunction + with HIDDEV_FLAG_UREF. With this flag set, when the device + sends a report, a struct hiddev_usage_ref will be returned + to read() filled in with the report_type and report_id, but + with field_index set to FIELD_INDEX_NONE. This serves as + additional notification when the device has sent a report. diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hidintro.rst b/Documentation/hid/hidintro.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73523e315e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hidintro.rst @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +====================================== +Introduction to HID report descriptors +====================================== + +This chapter is meant to give a broad overview of what HID report +descriptors are, and of how a casual (non-kernel) programmer can deal +with HID devices that are not working well with Linux. + +.. contents:: + :local: + :depth: 2 + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + hidreport-parsing + + +Introduction +============ + +HID stands for Human Interface Device, and can be whatever device you +are using to interact with a computer, be it a mouse, a touchpad, a +tablet, a microphone. + +Many HID devices work out the box, even if their hardware is different. +For example, mice can have any number of buttons; they may have a +wheel; movement sensitivity differs between different models, and so +on. Nonetheless, most of the time everything just works, without the +need to have specialized code in the kernel for every mouse model +developed since 1970. + +This is because modern HID devices do advertise their capabilities +through the *HID report descriptor*, a fixed set of bytes describing +exactly what *HID reports* may be sent between the device and the host +and the meaning of each individual bit in those reports. For example, +a HID Report Descriptor may specify that "in a report with ID 3 the +bits from 8 to 15 is the delta x coordinate of a mouse". + +The HID report itself then merely carries the actual data values +without any extra meta information. Note that HID reports may be sent +from the device ("Input Reports", i.e. input events), to the device +("Output Reports" to e.g. change LEDs) or used for device configuration +("Feature reports"). A device may support one or more HID reports. + +The HID subsystem is in charge of parsing the HID report descriptors, +and converts HID events into normal input device interfaces (see +Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst). Devices may misbehave because the +HID report descriptor provided by the device is wrong, or because it +needs to be dealt with in a special way, or because some special +device or interaction mode is not handled by the default code. + +The format of HID report descriptors is described by two documents, +available from the `USB Implementers Forum <https://www.usb.org/>`_ +`HID web page <https://www.usb.org/hid>`_ address: + + * the `HID USB Device Class Definition + <https://www.usb.org/document-library/device-class-definition-hid-111>`_ (HID Spec from now on) + * the `HID Usage Tables <https://usb.org/document-library/hid-usage-tables-14>`_ (HUT from now on) + +The HID subsystem can deal with different transport drivers +(USB, I2C, Bluetooth, etc.). See Documentation/hid/hid-transport.rst. + +Parsing HID report descriptors +============================== + +The current list of HID devices can be found at ``/sys/bus/hid/devices/``. +For each device, say ``/sys/bus/hid/devices/0003\:093A\:2510.0002/``, +one can read the corresponding report descriptor:: + + $ hexdump -C /sys/bus/hid/devices/0003\:093A\:2510.0002/report_descriptor + 00000000 05 01 09 02 a1 01 09 01 a1 00 05 09 19 01 29 03 |..............).| + 00000010 15 00 25 01 75 01 95 03 81 02 75 05 95 01 81 01 |..%.u.....u.....| + 00000020 05 01 09 30 09 31 09 38 15 81 25 7f 75 08 95 03 |...0.1.8..%.u...| + 00000030 81 06 c0 c0 |....| + 00000034 + +Optional: the HID report descriptor can be read also by +directly accessing the hidraw driver [#hidraw]_. + +The basic structure of HID report descriptors is defined in the HID +spec, while HUT "defines constants that can be interpreted by an +application to identify the purpose and meaning of a data field in a +HID report". Each entry is defined by at least two bytes, where the +first one defines what type of value is following and is described in +the HID spec, while the second one carries the actual value and is +described in the HUT. + +HID report descriptors can, in principle, be painstakingly parsed by +hand, byte by byte. + +A short introduction on how to do this is sketched in +Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst; you only need to understand it +if you need to patch HID report descriptors. + +In practice you should not parse HID report descriptors by hand; rather, +you should use an existing parser. Among all the available ones + + * the online `USB Descriptor and Request Parser + <http://eleccelerator.com/usbdescreqparser/>`_; + * `hidrdd <https://github.com/abend0c1/hidrdd>`_, + that provides very detailed and somewhat verbose descriptions + (verbosity can be useful if you are not familiar with HID report + descriptors); + * `hid-tools <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/libevdev/hid-tools>`_, + a complete utility set that allows, among other things, + to record and replay the raw HID reports and to debug + and replay HID devices. + It is being actively developed by the Linux HID subsystem maintainers. + +Parsing the mouse HID report descriptor with `hid-tools +<https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/libevdev/hid-tools>`_ leads to +(explanations interposed):: + + $ ./hid-decode /sys/bus/hid/devices/0003\:093A\:2510.0002/report_descriptor + # device 0:0 + # 0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop) 0 + # 0x09, 0x02, // Usage (Mouse) 2 + # 0xa1, 0x01, // Collection (Application) 4 + # 0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Pointer) 6 + # 0xa1, 0x00, // Collection (Physical) 8 + # 0x05, 0x09, // Usage Page (Button) 10 + +what follows is a button :: + + # 0x19, 0x01, // Usage Minimum (1) 12 + # 0x29, 0x03, // Usage Maximum (3) 14 + +first button is button number 1, last button is button number 3 :: + + # 0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0) 16 + # 0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1) 18 + +each button can send values from 0 up to including 1 +(i.e. they are binary buttons) :: + + # 0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1) 20 + +each button is sent as exactly one bit :: + + # 0x95, 0x03, // Report Count (3) 22 + +and there are three of those bits (matching the three buttons) :: + + # 0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data,Var,Abs) 24 + +it's actual Data (not constant padding), they represent +a single variable (Var) and their values are Absolute (not relative); +See HID spec Sec. 6.2.2.5 "Input, Output, and Feature Items" :: + + # 0x75, 0x05, // Report Size (5) 26 + +five additional padding bits, needed to reach a byte :: + + # 0x95, 0x01, // Report Count (1) 28 + +those five bits are repeated only once :: + + # 0x81, 0x01, // Input (Cnst,Arr,Abs) 30 + +and take Constant (Cnst) values i.e. they can be ignored. :: + + # 0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop) 32 + # 0x09, 0x30, // Usage (X) 34 + # 0x09, 0x31, // Usage (Y) 36 + # 0x09, 0x38, // Usage (Wheel) 38 + +The mouse has also two physical positions (Usage (X), Usage (Y)) +and a wheel (Usage (Wheel)) :: + + # 0x15, 0x81, // Logical Minimum (-127) 40 + # 0x25, 0x7f, // Logical Maximum (127) 42 + +each of them can send values ranging from -127 up to including 127 :: + + # 0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8) 44 + +which is represented by eight bits :: + + # 0x95, 0x03, // Report Count (3) 46 + +and there are three of those eight bits, matching X, Y and Wheel. :: + + # 0x81, 0x06, // Input (Data,Var,Rel) 48 + +This time the data values are Relative (Rel), i.e. they represent +the change from the previously sent report (event) :: + + # 0xc0, // End Collection 50 + # 0xc0, // End Collection 51 + # + R: 52 05 01 09 02 a1 01 09 01 a1 00 05 09 19 01 29 03 15 00 25 01 75 01 95 03 81 02 75 05 95 01 81 01 05 01 09 30 09 31 09 38 15 81 25 7f 75 08 95 03 81 06 c0 c0 + N: device 0:0 + I: 3 0001 0001 + + +This Report Descriptor tells us that the mouse input will be +transmitted using four bytes: the first one for the buttons (three +bits used, five for padding), the last three for the mouse X, Y and +wheel changes, respectively. + +Indeed, for any event, the mouse will send a *report* of four bytes. +We can check the values sent by resorting e.g. to the `hid-recorder` +tool, from `hid-tools <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/libevdev/hid-tools>`_: +The sequence of bytes sent by clicking and releasing button 1, then button 2, then button 3 is:: + + $ sudo ./hid-recorder /dev/hidraw1 + + .... + output of hid-decode + .... + + # Button: 1 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000000.000000 4 01 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000000.183949 4 00 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 1 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000001.959698 4 02 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000002.103899 4 00 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 0 1 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000004.855799 4 04 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000005.103864 4 00 00 00 00 + +This example shows that when button 2 is clicked, +the bytes ``02 00 00 00`` are sent, and the immediately subsequent +event (``00 00 00 00``) is the release of button 2 (no buttons are +pressed, remember that the data values are *absolute*). + +If instead one clicks and holds button 1, then clicks and holds button +2, releases button 1, and finally releases button 2, the reports are:: + + # Button: 1 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000044.175830 4 01 00 00 00 + # Button: 1 1 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000045.975997 4 03 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 1 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000047.407930 4 02 00 00 00 + # Button: 0 0 0 | # | X: 0 | Y: 0 | Wheel: 0 + E: 000049.199919 4 00 00 00 00 + +where with ``03 00 00 00`` both buttons are pressed, and with the +subsequent ``02 00 00 00`` button 1 is released while button 2 is still +active. + +Output, Input and Feature Reports +--------------------------------- + +HID devices can have Input Reports, like in the mouse example, Output +Reports, and Feature Reports. "Output" means that the information is +sent to the device. For example, a joystick with force feedback will +have some output; the led of a keyboard would need an output as well. +"Input" means that data come from the device. + +"Feature"s are not meant to be consumed by the end user and define +configuration options for the device. They can be queried from the host; +when declared as *Volatile* they should be changed by the host. + + +Collections, Report IDs and Evdev events +======================================== + +A single device can logically group data into different independent +sets, called a *Collection*. Collections can be nested and there are +different types of collections (see the HID spec 6.2.2.6 +"Collection, End Collection Items" for details). + +Different reports are identified by means of different *Report ID* +fields, i.e. a number identifying the structure of the immediately +following report. +Whenever a Report ID is needed it is transmitted as the first byte of +any report. A device with only one supported HID report (like the mouse +example above) may omit the report ID. + +Consider the following HID report descriptor:: + + 05 01 09 02 A1 01 85 01 05 09 19 01 29 05 15 00 + 25 01 95 05 75 01 81 02 95 01 75 03 81 01 05 01 + 09 30 09 31 16 00 F8 26 FF 07 75 0C 95 02 81 06 + 09 38 15 80 25 7F 75 08 95 01 81 06 05 0C 0A 38 + 02 15 80 25 7F 75 08 95 01 81 06 C0 05 01 09 02 + A1 01 85 02 05 09 19 01 29 05 15 00 25 01 95 05 + 75 01 81 02 95 01 75 03 81 01 05 01 09 30 09 31 + 16 00 F8 26 FF 07 75 0C 95 02 81 06 09 38 15 80 + 25 7F 75 08 95 01 81 06 05 0C 0A 38 02 15 80 25 + 7F 75 08 95 01 81 06 C0 05 01 09 07 A1 01 85 05 + 05 07 15 00 25 01 09 29 09 3E 09 4B 09 4E 09 E3 + 09 E8 09 E8 09 E8 75 01 95 08 81 02 95 00 81 01 + C0 05 0C 09 01 A1 01 85 06 15 00 25 01 75 01 95 + 01 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 + 06 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 06 09 3F 81 + 06 C0 05 0C 09 01 A1 01 85 03 09 05 15 00 26 FF + 00 75 08 95 02 B1 02 C0 + +After parsing it (try to parse it on your own using the suggested +tools!) one can see that the device presents two ``Mouse`` Application +Collections (with reports identified by Reports IDs 1 and 2, +respectively), a ``Keypad`` Application Collection (whose report is +identified by the Report ID 5) and two ``Consumer Controls`` Application +Collections, (with Report IDs 6 and 3, respectively). Note, however, +that a device can have different Report IDs for the same Application +Collection. + +The data sent will begin with the Report ID byte, and will be followed +by the corresponding information. For example, the data transmitted for +the last consumer control:: + + 0x05, 0x0C, // Usage Page (Consumer) + 0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Consumer Control) + 0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application) + 0x85, 0x03, // Report ID (3) + 0x09, 0x05, // Usage (Headphone) + 0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0) + 0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255) + 0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8) + 0x95, 0x02, // Report Count (2) + 0xB1, 0x02, // Feature (Data,Var,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position,Non-volatile) + 0xC0, // End Collection + +will be of three bytes: the first for the Report ID (3), the next two +for the headphone, with two (``Report Count (2)``) bytes +(``Report Size (8)``), each ranging from 0 (``Logical Minimum (0)``) +to 255 (``Logical Maximum (255)``). + +All the Input data sent by the device should be translated into +corresponding Evdev events, so that the remaining part of the stack can +know what is going on, e.g. the bit for the first button translates into +the ``EV_KEY/BTN_LEFT`` evdev event and relative X movement translates +into the ``EV_REL/REL_X`` evdev event". + +Events +====== + +In Linux, one ``/dev/input/event*`` is created for each ``Application +Collection``. Going back to the mouse example, and repeating the +sequence where one clicks and holds button 1, then clicks and holds +button 2, releases button 1, and finally releases button 2, one gets:: + + $ sudo libinput record /dev/input/event1 + # libinput record + version: 1 + ndevices: 1 + libinput: + version: "1.23.0" + git: "unknown" + system: + os: "opensuse-tumbleweed:20230619" + kernel: "6.3.7-1-default" + dmi: "dmi:bvnHP:bvrU77Ver.01.05.00:bd03/24/2022:br5.0:efr20.29:svnHP:pnHPEliteBook64514inchG9NotebookPC:pvr:rvnHP:rn89D2:rvrKBCVersion14.1D.00:cvnHP:ct10:cvr:sku5Y3J1EA#ABZ:" + devices: + - node: /dev/input/event1 + evdev: + # Name: PixArt HP USB Optical Mouse + # ID: bus 0x3 vendor 0x3f0 product 0x94a version 0x111 + # Supported Events: + # Event type 0 (EV_SYN) + # Event type 1 (EV_KEY) + # Event code 272 (BTN_LEFT) + # Event code 273 (BTN_RIGHT) + # Event code 274 (BTN_MIDDLE) + # Event type 2 (EV_REL) + # Event code 0 (REL_X) + # Event code 1 (REL_Y) + # Event code 8 (REL_WHEEL) + # Event code 11 (REL_WHEEL_HI_RES) + # Event type 4 (EV_MSC) + # Event code 4 (MSC_SCAN) + # Properties: + name: "PixArt HP USB Optical Mouse" + id: [3, 1008, 2378, 273] + codes: + 0: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] # EV_SYN + 1: [272, 273, 274] # EV_KEY + 2: [0, 1, 8, 11] # EV_REL + 4: [4] # EV_MSC + properties: [] + hid: [ + 0x05, 0x01, 0x09, 0x02, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x09, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x05, 0x09, 0x19, 0x01, 0x29, 0x03, + 0x15, 0x00, 0x25, 0x01, 0x95, 0x08, 0x75, 0x01, 0x81, 0x02, 0x05, 0x01, 0x09, 0x30, 0x09, 0x31, + 0x09, 0x38, 0x15, 0x81, 0x25, 0x7f, 0x75, 0x08, 0x95, 0x03, 0x81, 0x06, 0xc0, 0xc0 + ] + udev: + properties: + - ID_INPUT=1 + - ID_INPUT_MOUSE=1 + - LIBINPUT_DEVICE_GROUP=3/3f0/94a:usb-0000:05:00.3-2 + quirks: + events: + # Current time is 12:31:56 + - evdev: + - [ 0, 0, 4, 4, 30] # EV_MSC / MSC_SCAN 30 (obfuscated) + - [ 0, 0, 1, 272, 1] # EV_KEY / BTN_LEFT 1 + - [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] # ------------ SYN_REPORT (0) ---------- +0ms + - evdev: + - [ 1, 207892, 4, 4, 30] # EV_MSC / MSC_SCAN 30 (obfuscated) + - [ 1, 207892, 1, 273, 1] # EV_KEY / BTN_RIGHT 1 + - [ 1, 207892, 0, 0, 0] # ------------ SYN_REPORT (0) ---------- +1207ms + - evdev: + - [ 2, 367823, 4, 4, 30] # EV_MSC / MSC_SCAN 30 (obfuscated) + - [ 2, 367823, 1, 272, 0] # EV_KEY / BTN_LEFT 0 + - [ 2, 367823, 0, 0, 0] # ------------ SYN_REPORT (0) ---------- +1160ms + # Current time is 12:32:00 + - evdev: + - [ 3, 247617, 4, 4, 30] # EV_MSC / MSC_SCAN 30 (obfuscated) + - [ 3, 247617, 1, 273, 0] # EV_KEY / BTN_RIGHT 0 + - [ 3, 247617, 0, 0, 0] # ------------ SYN_REPORT (0) ---------- +880ms + +Note: if ``libinput record`` is not available on your system try using +``evemu-record``. + +When something does not work +============================ + +There can be a number of reasons why a device does not behave +correctly. For example + +* The HID report descriptor provided by the HID device may be wrong + because e.g. + + * it does not follow the standard, so that the kernel + will not able to make sense of the HID report descriptor; + * the HID report descriptor *does not match* what is actually + sent by the device (this can be verified by reading the raw HID + data); +* the HID report descriptor may need some "quirks" (see later on). + +As a consequence, a ``/dev/input/event*`` may not be created +for each Application Collection, and/or the events +there may not match what you would expect. + + +Quirks +------ + +There are some known peculiarities of HID devices that the kernel +knows how to fix - these are called the HID quirks and a list of those +is available in `include/linux/hid.h`. + +Should this be the case, it should be enough to add the required quirk +in the kernel, for the HID device at hand. This can be done in the file +`drivers/hid/hid-quirks.c`. How to do it should be relatively +straightforward after looking into the file. + +The list of currently defined quirks, from `include/linux/hid.h`, is + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/hid.h + :doc: HID quirks + +Quirks for USB devices can be specified while loading the usbhid module, +see ``modinfo usbhid``, although the proper fix should go into +hid-quirks.c and **be submitted upstream**. +See Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst for guidelines on how +to submit a patch. Quirks for other busses need to go into hid-quirks.c. + +Fixing HID report descriptors +----------------------------- + +Should you need to patch HID report descriptors the easiest way is to +resort to eBPF, as described in Documentation/hid/hid-bpf.rst. + +Basically, you can change any byte of the original HID report +descriptor. The examples in samples/hid should be a good starting point +for your code, see e.g. `samples/hid/hid_mouse.bpf.c`:: + + SEC("fmod_ret/hid_bpf_rdesc_fixup") + int BPF_PROG(hid_rdesc_fixup, struct hid_bpf_ctx *hctx) + { + .... + data[39] = 0x31; + data[41] = 0x30; + return 0; + } + +Of course this can be also done within the kernel source code, see e.g. +`drivers/hid/hid-aureal.c` or `drivers/hid/hid-samsung.c` for a slightly +more complex file. + +Check Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst if you need any help +navigating the HID manuals and understanding the exact meaning of +the HID report descriptor hex numbers. + +Whatever solution you come up with, please remember to **submit the +fix to the HID maintainers**, so that it can be directly integrated in +the kernel and that particular HID device will start working for +everyone else. See Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst for +guidelines on how to do this. + + +Modifying the transmitted data on the fly +----------------------------------------- + +Using eBPF it is also possible to modify the data exchanged with the +device. See again the examples in `samples/hid`. + +Again, **please post your fix**, so that it can be integrated in the +kernel! + +Writing a specialized driver +---------------------------- + +This should really be your last resort. + + +.. rubric:: Footnotes + +.. [#hidraw] read hidraw: see Documentation/hid/hidraw.rst and + file `samples/hidraw/hid-example.c` for an example. + The output of ``hid-example`` would be, for the same mouse:: + + $ sudo ./hid-example + Report Descriptor Size: 52 + Report Descriptor: + 5 1 9 2 a1 1 9 1 a1 0 5 9 19 1 29 3 15 0 25 1 75 1 95 3 81 2 75 5 95 1 81 1 5 1 9 30 9 31 9 38 15 81 25 7f 75 8 95 3 81 6 c0 c0 + + Raw Name: PixArt USB Optical Mouse + Raw Phys: usb-0000:05:00.4-2.3/input0 + Raw Info: + bustype: 3 (USB) + vendor: 0x093a + product: 0x2510 + ... diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hidraw.rst b/Documentation/hid/hidraw.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14d076753b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hidraw.rst @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +================================================================ +HIDRAW - Raw Access to USB and Bluetooth Human Interface Devices +================================================================ + +The hidraw driver provides a raw interface to USB and Bluetooth Human +Interface Devices (HIDs). It differs from hiddev in that reports sent and +received are not parsed by the HID parser, but are sent to and received from +the device unmodified. + +Hidraw should be used if the userspace application knows exactly how to +communicate with the hardware device, and is able to construct the HID +reports manually. This is often the case when making userspace drivers for +custom HID devices. + +Hidraw is also useful for communicating with non-conformant HID devices +which send and receive data in a way that is inconsistent with their report +descriptors. Because hiddev parses reports which are sent and received +through it, checking them against the device's report descriptor, such +communication with these non-conformant devices is impossible using hiddev. +Hidraw is the only alternative, short of writing a custom kernel driver, for +these non-conformant devices. + +A benefit of hidraw is that its use by userspace applications is independent +of the underlying hardware type. Currently, hidraw is implemented for USB +and Bluetooth. In the future, as new hardware bus types are developed which +use the HID specification, hidraw will be expanded to add support for these +new bus types. + +Hidraw uses a dynamic major number, meaning that udev should be relied on to +create hidraw device nodes. Udev will typically create the device nodes +directly under /dev (eg: /dev/hidraw0). As this location is distribution- +and udev rule-dependent, applications should use libudev to locate hidraw +devices attached to the system. There is a tutorial on libudev with a +working example at:: + + http://www.signal11.us/oss/udev/ + https://web.archive.org/web/2019*/www.signal11.us + +The HIDRAW API +--------------- + +read() +------- +read() will read a queued report received from the HID device. On USB +devices, the reports read using read() are the reports sent from the device +on the INTERRUPT IN endpoint. By default, read() will block until there is +a report available to be read. read() can be made non-blocking, by passing +the O_NONBLOCK flag to open(), or by setting the O_NONBLOCK flag using +fcntl(). + +On a device which uses numbered reports, the first byte of the returned data +will be the report number; the report data follows, beginning in the second +byte. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data +will begin at the first byte. + +write() +------- +The write() function will write a report to the device. For USB devices, if +the device has an INTERRUPT OUT endpoint, the report will be sent on that +endpoint. If it does not, the report will be sent over the control endpoint, +using a SET_REPORT transfer. + +The first byte of the buffer passed to write() should be set to the report +number. If the device does not use numbered reports, the first byte should +be set to 0. The report data itself should begin at the second byte. + +ioctl() +------- +Hidraw supports the following ioctls: + +HIDIOCGRDESCSIZE: + Get Report Descriptor Size + +This ioctl will get the size of the device's report descriptor. + +HIDIOCGRDESC: + Get Report Descriptor + +This ioctl returns the device's report descriptor using a +hidraw_report_descriptor struct. Make sure to set the size field of the +hidraw_report_descriptor struct to the size returned from HIDIOCGRDESCSIZE. + +HIDIOCGRAWINFO: + Get Raw Info + +This ioctl will return a hidraw_devinfo struct containing the bus type, the +vendor ID (VID), and product ID (PID) of the device. The bus type can be one +of:: + + - BUS_USB + - BUS_HIL + - BUS_BLUETOOTH + - BUS_VIRTUAL + +which are defined in uapi/linux/input.h. + +HIDIOCGRAWNAME(len): + Get Raw Name + +This ioctl returns a string containing the vendor and product strings of +the device. The returned string is Unicode, UTF-8 encoded. + +HIDIOCGRAWPHYS(len): + Get Physical Address + +This ioctl returns a string representing the physical address of the device. +For USB devices, the string contains the physical path to the device (the +USB controller, hubs, ports, etc). For Bluetooth devices, the string +contains the hardware (MAC) address of the device. + +HIDIOCSFEATURE(len): + Send a Feature Report + +This ioctl will send a feature report to the device. Per the HID +specification, feature reports are always sent using the control endpoint. +Set the first byte of the supplied buffer to the report number. For devices +which do not use numbered reports, set the first byte to 0. The report data +begins in the second byte. Make sure to set len accordingly, to one more +than the length of the report (to account for the report number). + +HIDIOCGFEATURE(len): + Get a Feature Report + +This ioctl will request a feature report from the device using the control +endpoint. The first byte of the supplied buffer should be set to the report +number of the requested report. For devices which do not use numbered +reports, set the first byte to 0. The returned report buffer will contain the +report number in the first byte, followed by the report data read from the +device. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data will +begin at the first byte of the returned buffer. + +HIDIOCSINPUT(len): + Send an Input Report + +This ioctl will send an input report to the device, using the control endpoint. +In most cases, setting an input HID report on a device is meaningless and has +no effect, but some devices may choose to use this to set or reset an initial +state of a report. The format of the buffer issued with this report is identical +to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE. + +HIDIOCGINPUT(len): + Get an Input Report + +This ioctl will request an input report from the device using the control +endpoint. This is slower on most devices where a dedicated In endpoint exists +for regular input reports, but allows the host to request the value of a +specific report number. Typically, this is used to request the initial states of +an input report of a device, before an application listens for normal reports via +the regular device read() interface. The format of the buffer issued with this report +is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE. + +HIDIOCSOUTPUT(len): + Send an Output Report + +This ioctl will send an output report to the device, using the control endpoint. +This is slower on most devices where a dedicated Out endpoint exists for regular +output reports, but is added for completeness. Typically, this is used to set +the initial states of an output report of a device, before an application sends +updates via the regular device write() interface. The format of the buffer issued +with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE. + +HIDIOCGOUTPUT(len): + Get an Output Report + +This ioctl will request an output report from the device using the control +endpoint. Typically, this is used to retrieve the initial state of +an output report of a device, before an application updates it as necessary either +via a HIDIOCSOUTPUT request, or the regular device write() interface. The format +of the buffer issued with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE. + +Example +------- +In samples/, find hid-example.c, which shows examples of read(), write(), +and all the ioctls for hidraw. The code may be used by anyone for any +purpose, and can serve as a starting point for developing applications using +hidraw. + +Document by: + + Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>, Signal 11 Software diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst b/Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d3c17f29f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/hidreport-parsing.rst @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +======================================== +Manual parsing of HID report descriptors +======================================== + +Consider again the mouse HID report descriptor +introduced in Documentation/hid/hidintro.rst:: + + $ hexdump -C /sys/bus/hid/devices/0003\:093A\:2510.0002/report_descriptor + 00000000 05 01 09 02 a1 01 09 01 a1 00 05 09 19 01 29 03 |..............).| + 00000010 15 00 25 01 75 01 95 03 81 02 75 05 95 01 81 01 |..%.u.....u.....| + 00000020 05 01 09 30 09 31 09 38 15 81 25 7f 75 08 95 03 |...0.1.8..%.u...| + 00000030 81 06 c0 c0 |....| + 00000034 + +and try to parse it by hand. + +Start with the first number, 0x05: it carries 2 bits for the +length of the item, 2 bits for the type of the item and 4 bits for the +function:: + + +----------+ + | 00000101 | + +----------+ + ^^ + ---- Length of data (see HID spec 6.2.2.2) + ^^ + ------ Type of the item (see HID spec 6.2.2.2, then jump to 6.2.2.7) + ^^^^ + --------- Function of the item (see HID spec 6.2.2.7, then HUT Sec 3) + +In our case, the length is 1 byte, the type is ``Global`` and the +function is ``Usage Page``, thus for parsing the value 0x01 in the second byte +we need to refer to HUT Sec 3. + +The second number is the actual data, and its meaning can be found in +the HUT. We have a ``Usage Page``, thus we need to refer to HUT +Sec. 3, "Usage Pages"; from there, one sees that ``0x01`` stands for +``Generic Desktop Page``. + +Moving now to the second two bytes, and following the same scheme, +``0x09`` (i.e. ``00001001``) will be followed by one byte (``01``) +and is a ``Local`` item (``10``). Thus, the meaning of the remaining four bits +(``0000``) is given in the HID spec Sec. 6.2.2.8 "Local Items", so that +we have a ``Usage``. From HUT, Sec. 4, "Generic Desktop Page", we see that +0x02 stands for ``Mouse``. + +The following numbers can be parsed in the same way. diff --git a/Documentation/hid/index.rst b/Documentation/hid/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af02cf7cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============================= +Human Interface Devices (HID) +============================= + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + hidintro + hiddev + hidraw + hid-sensor + hid-transport + hid-bpf + + uhid + + hid-alps + intel-ish-hid + amd-sfh-hid diff --git a/Documentation/hid/intel-ish-hid.rst b/Documentation/hid/intel-ish-hid.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42dc77b7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/intel-ish-hid.rst @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +================================= +Intel Integrated Sensor Hub (ISH) +================================= + +A sensor hub enables the ability to offload sensor polling and algorithm +processing to a dedicated low power co-processor. This allows the core +processor to go into low power modes more often, resulting in increased +battery life. + +There are many vendors providing external sensor hubs conforming to HID +Sensor usage tables. These may be found in tablets, 2-in-1 convertible laptops +and embedded products. Linux has had this support since Linux 3.9. + +Intel® introduced integrated sensor hubs as a part of the SoC starting from +Cherry Trail and now supported on multiple generations of CPU packages. There +are many commercial devices already shipped with Integrated Sensor Hubs (ISH). +These ISH also comply to HID sensor specification, but the difference is the +transport protocol used for communication. The current external sensor hubs +mainly use HID over I2C or USB. But ISH doesn't use either I2C or USB. + +1. Overview +=========== + +Using a analogy with a usbhid implementation, the ISH follows a similar model +for a very high speed communication:: + + ----------------- ---------------------- + | USB HID | --> | ISH HID | + ----------------- ---------------------- + ----------------- ---------------------- + | USB protocol | --> | ISH Transport | + ----------------- ---------------------- + ----------------- ---------------------- + | EHCI/XHCI | --> | ISH IPC | + ----------------- ---------------------- + PCI PCI + ----------------- ---------------------- + |Host controller| --> | ISH processor | + ----------------- ---------------------- + USB Link + ----------------- ---------------------- + | USB End points| --> | ISH Clients | + ----------------- ---------------------- + +Like USB protocol provides a method for device enumeration, link management +and user data encapsulation, the ISH also provides similar services. But it is +very light weight tailored to manage and communicate with ISH client +applications implemented in the firmware. + +The ISH allows multiple sensor management applications executing in the +firmware. Like USB endpoints the messaging can be to/from a client. As part of +enumeration process, these clients are identified. These clients can be simple +HID sensor applications, sensor calibration applications or sensor firmware +update applications. + +The implementation model is similar, like USB bus, ISH transport is also +implemented as a bus. Each client application executing in the ISH processor +is registered as a device on this bus. The driver, which binds each device +(ISH HID driver) identifies the device type and registers with the HID core. + +2. ISH Implementation: Block Diagram +==================================== + +:: + + --------------------------- + | User Space Applications | + --------------------------- + + ----------------IIO ABI---------------- + -------------------------- + | IIO Sensor Drivers | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | IIO core | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | HID Sensor Hub MFD | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | HID Core | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | HID over ISH Client | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | ISH Transport (ISHTP) | + -------------------------- + -------------------------- + | IPC Drivers | + -------------------------- + OS + ---------------- PCI ----------------- + Hardware + Firmware + ---------------------------- + | ISH Hardware/Firmware(FW) | + ---------------------------- + +3. High level processing in above blocks +======================================== + +3.1 Hardware Interface +---------------------- + +The ISH is exposed as "Non-VGA unclassified PCI device" to the host. The PCI +product and vendor IDs are changed from different generations of processors. So +the source code which enumerates drivers needs to update from generation to +generation. + +3.2 Inter Processor Communication (IPC) driver +---------------------------------------------- + +Location: drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/ipc + +The IPC message uses memory mapped I/O. The registers are defined in +hw-ish-regs.h. + +3.2.1 IPC/FW message types +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +There are two types of messages, one for management of link and another for +messages to and from transport layers. + +TX and RX of Transport messages +............................... + +A set of memory mapped register offers support of multi-byte messages TX and +RX (e.g. IPC_REG_ISH2HOST_MSG, IPC_REG_HOST2ISH_MSG). The IPC layer maintains +internal queues to sequence messages and send them in order to the firmware. +Optionally the caller can register handler to get notification of completion. +A doorbell mechanism is used in messaging to trigger processing in host and +client firmware side. When ISH interrupt handler is called, the ISH2HOST +doorbell register is used by host drivers to determine that the interrupt +is for ISH. + +Each side has 32 32-bit message registers and a 32-bit doorbell. Doorbell +register has the following format:: + + Bits 0..6: fragment length (7 bits are used) + Bits 10..13: encapsulated protocol + Bits 16..19: management command (for IPC management protocol) + Bit 31: doorbell trigger (signal H/W interrupt to the other side) + Other bits are reserved, should be 0. + +3.2.2 Transport layer interface +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +To abstract HW level IPC communication, a set of callbacks is registered. +The transport layer uses them to send and receive messages. +Refer to struct ishtp_hw_ops for callbacks. + +3.3 ISH Transport layer +----------------------- + +Location: drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/ishtp/ + +3.3.1 A Generic Transport Layer +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The transport layer is a bi-directional protocol, which defines: +- Set of commands to start, stop, connect, disconnect and flow control +(see ishtp/hbm.h for details) +- A flow control mechanism to avoid buffer overflows + +This protocol resembles bus messages described in the following document: +http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/technical-\ +specifications/dcmi-hi-1-0-spec.pdf "Chapter 7: Bus Message Layer" + +3.3.2 Connection and Flow Control Mechanism +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Each FW client and a protocol is identified by a UUID. In order to communicate +to a FW client, a connection must be established using connect request and +response bus messages. If successful, a pair (host_client_id and fw_client_id) +will identify the connection. + +Once connection is established, peers send each other flow control bus messages +independently. Every peer may send a message only if it has received a +flow-control credit before. Once it has sent a message, it may not send another one +before receiving the next flow control credit. +Either side can send disconnect request bus message to end communication. Also +the link will be dropped if major FW reset occurs. + +3.3.3 Peer to Peer data transfer +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Peer to Peer data transfer can happen with or without using DMA. Depending on +the sensor bandwidth requirement DMA can be enabled by using module parameter +ishtp_use_dma under intel_ishtp. + +Each side (host and FW) manages its DMA transfer memory independently. When an +ISHTP client from either host or FW side wants to send something, it decides +whether to send over IPC or over DMA; for each transfer the decision is +independent. The sending side sends DMA_XFER message when the message is in +the respective host buffer (TX when host client sends, RX when FW client +sends). The recipient of DMA message responds with DMA_XFER_ACK, indicating +the sender that the memory region for that message may be reused. + +DMA initialization is started with host sending DMA_ALLOC_NOTIFY bus message +(that includes RX buffer) and FW responds with DMA_ALLOC_NOTIFY_ACK. +Additionally to DMA address communication, this sequence checks capabilities: +if the host doesn't support DMA, then it won't send DMA allocation, so FW can't +send DMA; if FW doesn't support DMA then it won't respond with +DMA_ALLOC_NOTIFY_ACK, in which case host will not use DMA transfers. +Here ISH acts as busmaster DMA controller. Hence when host sends DMA_XFER, +it's request to do host->ISH DMA transfer; when FW sends DMA_XFER, it means +that it already did DMA and the message resides at host. Thus, DMA_XFER +and DMA_XFER_ACK act as ownership indicators. + +At initial state all outgoing memory belongs to the sender (TX to host, RX to +FW), DMA_XFER transfers ownership on the region that contains ISHTP message to +the receiving side, DMA_XFER_ACK returns ownership to the sender. A sender +need not wait for previous DMA_XFER to be ack'ed, and may send another message +as long as remaining continuous memory in its ownership is enough. +In principle, multiple DMA_XFER and DMA_XFER_ACK messages may be sent at once +(up to IPC MTU), thus allowing for interrupt throttling. +Currently, ISH FW decides to send over DMA if ISHTP message is more than 3 IPC +fragments and via IPC otherwise. + +3.3.4 Ring Buffers +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When a client initiates a connection, a ring of RX and TX buffers is allocated. +The size of ring can be specified by the client. HID client sets 16 and 32 for +TX and RX buffers respectively. On send request from client, the data to be +sent is copied to one of the send ring buffer and scheduled to be sent using +bus message protocol. These buffers are required because the FW may have not +have processed the last message and may not have enough flow control credits +to send. Same thing holds true on receive side and flow control is required. + +3.3.5 Host Enumeration +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The host enumeration bus command allows discovery of clients present in the FW. +There can be multiple sensor clients and clients for calibration function. + +To ease implementation and allow independent drivers to handle each client, +this transport layer takes advantage of Linux Bus driver model. Each +client is registered as device on the transport bus (ishtp bus). + +Enumeration sequence of messages: + +- Host sends HOST_START_REQ_CMD, indicating that host ISHTP layer is up. +- FW responds with HOST_START_RES_CMD +- Host sends HOST_ENUM_REQ_CMD (enumerate FW clients) +- FW responds with HOST_ENUM_RES_CMD that includes bitmap of available FW + client IDs +- For each FW ID found in that bitmap host sends + HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_REQ_CMD +- FW responds with HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_RES_CMD. Properties include UUID, + max ISHTP message size, etc. +- Once host received properties for that last discovered client, it considers + ISHTP device fully functional (and allocates DMA buffers) + +3.4 HID over ISH Client +----------------------- + +Location: drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid + +The ISHTP client driver is responsible for: + +- enumerate HID devices under FW ISH client +- Get Report descriptor +- Register with HID core as a LL driver +- Process Get/Set feature request +- Get input reports + +3.5 HID Sensor Hub MFD and IIO sensor drivers +--------------------------------------------- + +The functionality in these drivers is the same as an external sensor hub. +Refer to +Documentation/hid/hid-sensor.rst for HID sensor +Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio for IIO ABIs to user space. + +3.6 End to End HID transport Sequence Diagram +--------------------------------------------- + +:: + + HID-ISH-CLN ISHTP IPC HW + | | | | + | | |-----WAKE UP------------------>| + | | | | + | | |-----HOST READY--------------->| + | | | | + | | |<----MNG_RESET_NOTIFY_ACK----- | + | | | | + | |<----ISHTP_START------ | | + | | | | + | |<-----------------HOST_START_RES_CMD-------------------| + | | | | + | |------------------QUERY_SUBSCRIBER-------------------->| + | | | | + | |------------------HOST_ENUM_REQ_CMD------------------->| + | | | | + | |<-----------------HOST_ENUM_RES_CMD--------------------| + | | | | + | |------------------HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_REQ_CMD------>| + | | | | + | |<-----------------HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_RES_CMD-------| + | Create new device on in ishtp bus | | + | | | | + | |------------------HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_REQ_CMD------>| + | | | | + | |<-----------------HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_RES_CMD-------| + | Create new device on in ishtp bus | | + | | | | + | |--Repeat HOST_CLIENT_PROPERTIES_REQ_CMD-till last one--| + | | | | + probed() + |----ishtp_cl_connect--->|----------------- CLIENT_CONNECT_REQ_CMD-------------->| + | | | | + | |<----------------CLIENT_CONNECT_RES_CMD----------------| + | | | | + |register event callback | | | + | | | | + |ishtp_cl_send( + HOSTIF_DM_ENUM_DEVICES) |----------fill ishtp_msg_hdr struct write to HW----- >| + | | | | + | | |<-----IRQ(IPC_PROTOCOL_ISHTP---| + | | | | + |<--ENUM_DEVICE RSP------| | | + | | | | + for each enumerated device + |ishtp_cl_send( + HOSTIF_GET_HID_DESCRIPTOR|----------fill ishtp_msg_hdr struct write to HW----- >| + | | | | + ...Response + | | | | + for each enumerated device + |ishtp_cl_send( + HOSTIF_GET_REPORT_DESCRIPTOR|--------------fill ishtp_msg_hdr struct write to HW-- >| + | | | | + | | | | + hid_allocate_device + | | | | + hid_add_device | | | + | | | | + + +3.7 ISH Debugging +----------------- + +To debug ISH, event tracing mechanism is used. To enable debug logs:: + + echo 1 > /sys/kernel/tracing/events/intel_ish/enable + cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace + +3.8 ISH IIO sysfs Example on Lenovo thinkpad Yoga 260 +----------------------------------------------------- + +:: + + root@otcpl-ThinkPad-Yoga-260:~# tree -l /sys/bus/iio/devices/ + /sys/bus/iio/devices/ + ├── iio:device0 -> ../../../devices/0044:8086:22D8.0001/HID-SENSOR-200073.9.auto/iio:device0 + │ ├── buffer + │ │ ├── enable + │ │ ├── length + │ │ └── watermark + ... + │ ├── in_accel_hysteresis + │ ├── in_accel_offset + │ ├── in_accel_sampling_frequency + │ ├── in_accel_scale + │ ├── in_accel_x_raw + │ ├── in_accel_y_raw + │ ├── in_accel_z_raw + │ ├── name + │ ├── scan_elements + │ │ ├── in_accel_x_en + │ │ ├── in_accel_x_index + │ │ ├── in_accel_x_type + │ │ ├── in_accel_y_en + │ │ ├── in_accel_y_index + │ │ ├── in_accel_y_type + │ │ ├── in_accel_z_en + │ │ ├── in_accel_z_index + │ │ └── in_accel_z_type + ... + │ │ ├── devices + │ │ │ │ ├── buffer + │ │ │ │ │ ├── enable + │ │ │ │ │ ├── length + │ │ │ │ │ └── watermark + │ │ │ │ ├── dev + │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_both_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_hysteresis + │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_offset + │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_sampling_frequency + │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_scale + │ │ │ │ ├── name + │ │ │ │ ├── scan_elements + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_both_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_intensity_both_index + │ │ │ │ │ └── in_intensity_both_type + │ │ │ │ ├── trigger + │ │ │ │ │ └── current_trigger + ... + │ │ │ │ ├── buffer + │ │ │ │ │ ├── enable + │ │ │ │ │ ├── length + │ │ │ │ │ └── watermark + │ │ │ │ ├── dev + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_hysteresis + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_offset + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_sampling_frequency + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_scale + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_x_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_y_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_z_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_hysteresis + │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_offset + │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_sampling_frequency + │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_scale + │ │ │ │ ├── name + ... + │ │ │ │ ├── scan_elements + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_x_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_x_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_x_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_y_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_y_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_y_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_z_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_z_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_magn_z_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_index + │ │ │ │ │ └── in_rot_from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp_type + │ │ │ │ ├── trigger + │ │ │ │ │ └── current_trigger + ... + │ │ │ │ ├── buffer + │ │ │ │ │ ├── enable + │ │ │ │ │ ├── length + │ │ │ │ │ └── watermark + │ │ │ │ ├── dev + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_hysteresis + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_offset + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_sampling_frequency + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_scale + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── name + │ │ │ │ ├── scan_elements + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_index + │ │ │ │ │ └── in_anglvel_z_type + │ │ │ │ ├── trigger + │ │ │ │ │ └── current_trigger + ... + │ │ │ │ ├── buffer + │ │ │ │ │ ├── enable + │ │ │ │ │ ├── length + │ │ │ │ │ └── watermark + │ │ │ │ ├── dev + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_hysteresis + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_offset + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_sampling_frequency + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_scale + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_raw + │ │ │ │ ├── name + │ │ │ │ ├── scan_elements + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_x_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_index + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_y_type + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_en + │ │ │ │ │ ├── in_anglvel_z_index + │ │ │ │ │ └── in_anglvel_z_type + │ │ │ │ ├── trigger + │ │ │ │ │ └── current_trigger + ... diff --git a/Documentation/hid/uhid.rst b/Documentation/hid/uhid.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2243a6b759 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hid/uhid.rst @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +====================================================== +UHID - User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem +====================================================== + +UHID allows user-space to implement HID transport drivers. Please see +hid-transport.rst for an introduction into HID transport drivers. This document +relies heavily on the definitions declared there. + +With UHID, a user-space transport driver can create kernel hid-devices for each +device connected to the user-space controlled bus. The UHID API defines the I/O +events provided from the kernel to user-space and vice versa. + +There is an example user-space application in ./samples/uhid/uhid-example.c + +The UHID API +------------ + +UHID is accessed through a character misc-device. The minor number is allocated +dynamically so you need to rely on udev (or similar) to create the device node. +This is /dev/uhid by default. + +If a new device is detected by your HID I/O Driver and you want to register this +device with the HID subsystem, then you need to open /dev/uhid once for each +device you want to register. All further communication is done by read()'ing or +write()'ing "struct uhid_event" objects. Non-blocking operations are supported +by setting O_NONBLOCK:: + + struct uhid_event { + __u32 type; + union { + struct uhid_create2_req create2; + struct uhid_output_req output; + struct uhid_input2_req input2; + ... + } u; + }; + +The "type" field contains the ID of the event. Depending on the ID different +payloads are sent. You must not split a single event across multiple read()'s or +multiple write()'s. A single event must always be sent as a whole. Furthermore, +only a single event can be sent per read() or write(). Pending data is ignored. +If you want to handle multiple events in a single syscall, then use vectored +I/O with readv()/writev(). +The "type" field defines the payload. For each type, there is a +payload-structure available in the union "u" (except for empty payloads). This +payload contains management and/or device data. + +The first thing you should do is send a UHID_CREATE2 event. This will +register the device. UHID will respond with a UHID_START event. You can now +start sending data to and reading data from UHID. However, unless UHID sends the +UHID_OPEN event, the internally attached HID Device Driver has no user attached. +That is, you might put your device asleep unless you receive the UHID_OPEN +event. If you receive the UHID_OPEN event, you should start I/O. If the last +user closes the HID device, you will receive a UHID_CLOSE event. This may be +followed by a UHID_OPEN event again and so on. There is no need to perform +reference-counting in user-space. That is, you will never receive multiple +UHID_OPEN events without a UHID_CLOSE event. The HID subsystem performs +ref-counting for you. +You may decide to ignore UHID_OPEN/UHID_CLOSE, though. I/O is allowed even +though the device may have no users. + +If you want to send data on the interrupt channel to the HID subsystem, you send +a HID_INPUT2 event with your raw data payload. If the kernel wants to send data +on the interrupt channel to the device, you will read a UHID_OUTPUT event. +Data requests on the control channel are currently limited to GET_REPORT and +SET_REPORT (no other data reports on the control channel are defined so far). +Those requests are always synchronous. That means, the kernel sends +UHID_GET_REPORT and UHID_SET_REPORT events and requires you to forward them to +the device on the control channel. Once the device responds, you must forward +the response via UHID_GET_REPORT_REPLY and UHID_SET_REPORT_REPLY to the kernel. +The kernel blocks internal driver-execution during such round-trips (times out +after a hard-coded period). + +If your device disconnects, you should send a UHID_DESTROY event. This will +unregister the device. You can now send UHID_CREATE2 again to register a new +device. +If you close() the fd, the device is automatically unregistered and destroyed +internally. + +write() +------- +write() allows you to modify the state of the device and feed input data into +the kernel. The kernel will parse the event immediately and if the event ID is +not supported, it will return -EOPNOTSUPP. If the payload is invalid, then +-EINVAL is returned, otherwise, the amount of data that was read is returned and +the request was handled successfully. O_NONBLOCK does not affect write() as +writes are always handled immediately in a non-blocking fashion. Future requests +might make use of O_NONBLOCK, though. + +UHID_CREATE2: + This creates the internal HID device. No I/O is possible until you send this + event to the kernel. The payload is of type struct uhid_create2_req and + contains information about your device. You can start I/O now. + +UHID_DESTROY: + This destroys the internal HID device. No further I/O will be accepted. There + may still be pending messages that you can receive with read() but no further + UHID_INPUT events can be sent to the kernel. + You can create a new device by sending UHID_CREATE2 again. There is no need to + reopen the character device. + +UHID_INPUT2: + You must send UHID_CREATE2 before sending input to the kernel! This event + contains a data-payload. This is the raw data that you read from your device + on the interrupt channel. The kernel will parse the HID reports. + +UHID_GET_REPORT_REPLY: + If you receive a UHID_GET_REPORT request you must answer with this request. + You must copy the "id" field from the request into the answer. Set the "err" + field to 0 if no error occurred or to EIO if an I/O error occurred. + If "err" is 0 then you should fill the buffer of the answer with the results + of the GET_REPORT request and set "size" correspondingly. + +UHID_SET_REPORT_REPLY: + This is the SET_REPORT equivalent of UHID_GET_REPORT_REPLY. Unlike GET_REPORT, + SET_REPORT never returns a data buffer, therefore, it's sufficient to set the + "id" and "err" fields correctly. + +read() +------ +read() will return a queued output report. No reaction is required to any of +them but you should handle them according to your needs. + +UHID_START: + This is sent when the HID device is started. Consider this as an answer to + UHID_CREATE2. This is always the first event that is sent. Note that this + event might not be available immediately after write(UHID_CREATE2) returns. + Device drivers might require delayed setups. + This event contains a payload of type uhid_start_req. The "dev_flags" field + describes special behaviors of a device. The following flags are defined: + + - UHID_DEV_NUMBERED_FEATURE_REPORTS + - UHID_DEV_NUMBERED_OUTPUT_REPORTS + - UHID_DEV_NUMBERED_INPUT_REPORTS + + Each of these flags defines whether a given report-type uses numbered + reports. If numbered reports are used for a type, all messages from + the kernel already have the report-number as prefix. Otherwise, no + prefix is added by the kernel. + For messages sent by user-space to the kernel, you must adjust the + prefixes according to these flags. + +UHID_STOP: + This is sent when the HID device is stopped. Consider this as an answer to + UHID_DESTROY. + + If you didn't destroy your device via UHID_DESTROY, but the kernel sends an + UHID_STOP event, this should usually be ignored. It means that the kernel + reloaded/changed the device driver loaded on your HID device (or some other + maintenance actions happened). + + You can usually ignore any UHID_STOP events safely. + +UHID_OPEN: + This is sent when the HID device is opened. That is, the data that the HID + device provides is read by some other process. You may ignore this event but + it is useful for power-management. As long as you haven't received this event + there is actually no other process that reads your data so there is no need to + send UHID_INPUT2 events to the kernel. + +UHID_CLOSE: + This is sent when there are no more processes which read the HID data. It is + the counterpart of UHID_OPEN and you may as well ignore this event. + +UHID_OUTPUT: + This is sent if the HID device driver wants to send raw data to the I/O + device on the interrupt channel. You should read the payload and forward it to + the device. The payload is of type "struct uhid_output_req". + This may be received even though you haven't received UHID_OPEN yet. + +UHID_GET_REPORT: + This event is sent if the kernel driver wants to perform a GET_REPORT request + on the control channel as described in the HID specs. The report-type and + report-number are available in the payload. + The kernel serializes GET_REPORT requests so there will never be two in + parallel. However, if you fail to respond with a UHID_GET_REPORT_REPLY, the + request might silently time out. + Once you read a GET_REPORT request, you shall forward it to the HID device and + remember the "id" field in the payload. Once your HID device responds to the + GET_REPORT (or if it fails), you must send a UHID_GET_REPORT_REPLY to the + kernel with the exact same "id" as in the request. If the request already + timed out, the kernel will ignore the response silently. The "id" field is + never re-used, so conflicts cannot happen. + +UHID_SET_REPORT: + This is the SET_REPORT equivalent of UHID_GET_REPORT. On receipt, you shall + send a SET_REPORT request to your HID device. Once it replies, you must tell + the kernel about it via UHID_SET_REPORT_REPLY. + The same restrictions as for UHID_GET_REPORT apply. + +---------------------------------------------------- + +Written 2012, David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> |