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diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/abituguru-datasheet.rst b/Documentation/hwmon/abituguru-datasheet.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cd61471d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/abituguru-datasheet.rst @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +=============== +uGuru datasheet +=============== + +First of all, what I know about uGuru is no fact based on any help, hints or +datasheet from Abit. The data I have got on uGuru have I assembled through +my weak knowledge in "backwards engineering". +And just for the record, you may have noticed uGuru isn't a chip developed by +Abit, as they claim it to be. It's really just an microprocessor (uC) created by +Winbond (W83L950D). And no, reading the manual for this specific uC or +mailing Windbond for help won't give any useful data about uGuru, as it is +the program inside the uC that is responding to calls. + +Olle Sandberg <ollebull@gmail.com>, 2005-05-25 + + +Original version by Olle Sandberg who did the heavy lifting of the initial +reverse engineering. This version has been almost fully rewritten for clarity +and extended with write support and info on more databanks, the write support +is once again reverse engineered by Olle the additional databanks have been +reverse engineered by me. I would like to express my thanks to Olle, this +document and the Linux driver could not have been written without his efforts. + +Note: because of the lack of specs only the sensors part of the uGuru is +described here and not the CPU / RAM / etc voltage & frequency control. + +Hans de Goede <j.w.r.degoede@hhs.nl>, 28-01-2006 + + +Detection +========= + +As far as known the uGuru is always placed at and using the (ISA) I/O-ports +0xE0 and 0xE4, so we don't have to scan any port-range, just check what the two +ports are holding for detection. We will refer to 0xE0 as CMD (command-port) +and 0xE4 as DATA because Abit refers to them with these names. + +If DATA holds 0x00 or 0x08 and CMD holds 0x00 or 0xAC an uGuru could be +present. We have to check for two different values at data-port, because +after a reboot uGuru will hold 0x00 here, but if the driver is removed and +later on attached again data-port will hold 0x08, more about this later. + +After wider testing of the Linux kernel driver some variants of the uGuru have +turned up which will hold 0x00 instead of 0xAC at the CMD port, thus we also +have to test CMD for two different values. On these uGuru's DATA will initially +hold 0x09 and will only hold 0x08 after reading CMD first, so CMD must be read +first! + +To be really sure an uGuru is present a test read of one or more register +sets should be done. + + +Reading / Writing +================= + +Addressing +---------- + +The uGuru has a number of different addressing levels. The first addressing +level we will call banks. A bank holds data for one or more sensors. The data +in a bank for a sensor is one or more bytes large. + +The number of bytes is fixed for a given bank, you should always read or write +that many bytes, reading / writing more will fail, the results when writing +less then the number of bytes for a given bank are undetermined. + +See below for all known bank addresses, numbers of sensors in that bank, +number of bytes data per sensor and contents/meaning of those bytes. + +Although both this document and the kernel driver have kept the sensor +terminology for the addressing within a bank this is not 100% correct, in +bank 0x24 for example the addressing within the bank selects a PWM output not +a sensor. + +Notice that some banks have both a read and a write address this is how the +uGuru determines if a read from or a write to the bank is taking place, thus +when reading you should always use the read address and when writing the +write address. The write address is always one (1) more than the read address. + + +uGuru ready +----------- + +Before you can read from or write to the uGuru you must first put the uGuru +in "ready" mode. + +To put the uGuru in ready mode first write 0x00 to DATA and then wait for DATA +to hold 0x09, DATA should read 0x09 within 250 read cycles. + +Next CMD _must_ be read and should hold 0xAC, usually CMD will hold 0xAC the +first read but sometimes it takes a while before CMD holds 0xAC and thus it +has to be read a number of times (max 50). + +After reading CMD, DATA should hold 0x08 which means that the uGuru is ready +for input. As above DATA will usually hold 0x08 the first read but not always. +This step can be skipped, but it is undetermined what happens if the uGuru has +not yet reported 0x08 at DATA and you proceed with writing a bank address. + + +Sending bank and sensor addresses to the uGuru +---------------------------------------------- + +First the uGuru must be in "ready" mode as described above, DATA should hold +0x08 indicating that the uGuru wants input, in this case the bank address. + +Next write the bank address to DATA. After the bank address has been written +wait for to DATA to hold 0x08 again indicating that it wants / is ready for +more input (max 250 reads). + +Once DATA holds 0x08 again write the sensor address to CMD. + + +Reading +------- + +First send the bank and sensor addresses as described above. +Then for each byte of data you want to read wait for DATA to hold 0x01 +which indicates that the uGuru is ready to be read (max 250 reads) and once +DATA holds 0x01 read the byte from CMD. + +Once all bytes have been read data will hold 0x09, but there is no reason to +test for this. Notice that the number of bytes is bank address dependent see +above and below. + +After completing a successful read it is advised to put the uGuru back in +ready mode, so that it is ready for the next read / write cycle. This way +if your program / driver is unloaded and later loaded again the detection +algorithm described above will still work. + + + +Writing +------- + +First send the bank and sensor addresses as described above. +Then for each byte of data you want to write wait for DATA to hold 0x00 +which indicates that the uGuru is ready to be written (max 250 reads) and +once DATA holds 0x00 write the byte to CMD. + +Once all bytes have been written wait for DATA to hold 0x01 (max 250 reads) +don't ask why this is the way it is. + +Once DATA holds 0x01 read CMD it should hold 0xAC now. + +After completing a successful write it is advised to put the uGuru back in +ready mode, so that it is ready for the next read / write cycle. This way +if your program / driver is unloaded and later loaded again the detection +algorithm described above will still work. + + +Gotchas +------- + +After wider testing of the Linux kernel driver some variants of the uGuru have +turned up which do not hold 0x08 at DATA within 250 reads after writing the +bank address. With these versions this happens quite frequent, using larger +timeouts doesn't help, they just go offline for a second or 2, doing some +internal calibration or whatever. Your code should be prepared to handle +this and in case of no response in this specific case just goto sleep for a +while and then retry. + + +Address Map +=========== + +Bank 0x20 Alarms (R) +-------------------- +This bank contains 0 sensors, iow the sensor address is ignored (but must be +written) just use 0. Bank 0x20 contains 3 bytes: + +Byte 0: + This byte holds the alarm flags for sensor 0-7 of Sensor Bank1, with bit 0 + corresponding to sensor 0, 1 to 1, etc. + +Byte 1: + This byte holds the alarm flags for sensor 8-15 of Sensor Bank1, with bit 0 + corresponding to sensor 8, 1 to 9, etc. + +Byte 2: + This byte holds the alarm flags for sensor 0-5 of Sensor Bank2, with bit 0 + corresponding to sensor 0, 1 to 1, etc. + + +Bank 0x21 Sensor Bank1 Values / Readings (R) +-------------------------------------------- +This bank contains 16 sensors, for each sensor it contains 1 byte. +So far the following sensors are known to be available on all motherboards: + +- Sensor 0 CPU temp +- Sensor 1 SYS temp +- Sensor 3 CPU core volt +- Sensor 4 DDR volt +- Sensor 10 DDR Vtt volt +- Sensor 15 PWM temp + +Byte 0: + This byte holds the reading from the sensor. Sensors in Bank1 can be both + volt and temp sensors, this is motherboard specific. The uGuru however does + seem to know (be programmed with) what kindoff sensor is attached see Sensor + Bank1 Settings description. + +Volt sensors use a linear scale, a reading 0 corresponds with 0 volt and a +reading of 255 with 3494 mV. The sensors for higher voltages however are +connected through a division circuit. The currently known division circuits +in use result in ranges of: 0-4361mV, 0-6248mV or 0-14510mV. 3.3 volt sources +use the 0-4361mV range, 5 volt the 0-6248mV and 12 volt the 0-14510mV . + +Temp sensors also use a linear scale, a reading of 0 corresponds with 0 degree +Celsius and a reading of 255 with a reading of 255 degrees Celsius. + + +Bank 0x22 Sensor Bank1 Settings (R) and Bank 0x23 Sensor Bank1 Settings (W) +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Those banks contain 16 sensors, for each sensor it contains 3 bytes. Each +set of 3 bytes contains the settings for the sensor with the same sensor +address in Bank 0x21 . + +Byte 0: + Alarm behaviour for the selected sensor. A 1 enables the described + behaviour. + +Bit 0: + Give an alarm if measured temp is over the warning threshold (RW) [1]_ + +Bit 1: + Give an alarm if measured volt is over the max threshold (RW) [2]_ + +Bit 2: + Give an alarm if measured volt is under the min threshold (RW) [2]_ + +Bit 3: + Beep if alarm (RW) + +Bit 4: + 1 if alarm cause measured temp is over the warning threshold (R) + +Bit 5: + 1 if alarm cause measured volt is over the max threshold (R) + +Bit 6: + 1 if alarm cause measured volt is under the min threshold (R) + +Bit 7: + - Volt sensor: Shutdown if alarm persist for more than 4 seconds (RW) + - Temp sensor: Shutdown if temp is over the shutdown threshold (RW) + +.. [1] This bit is only honored/used by the uGuru if a temp sensor is connected + +.. [2] This bit is only honored/used by the uGuru if a volt sensor is connected + Note with some trickery this can be used to find out what kinda sensor + is detected see the Linux kernel driver for an example with many + comments on how todo this. + +Byte 1: + - Temp sensor: warning threshold (scale as bank 0x21) + - Volt sensor: min threshold (scale as bank 0x21) + +Byte 2: + - Temp sensor: shutdown threshold (scale as bank 0x21) + - Volt sensor: max threshold (scale as bank 0x21) + + +Bank 0x24 PWM outputs for FAN's (R) and Bank 0x25 PWM outputs for FAN's (W) +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Those banks contain 3 "sensors", for each sensor it contains 5 bytes. + - Sensor 0 usually controls the CPU fan + - Sensor 1 usually controls the NB (or chipset for single chip) fan + - Sensor 2 usually controls the System fan + +Byte 0: + Flag 0x80 to enable control, Fan runs at 100% when disabled. + low nibble (temp)sensor address at bank 0x21 used for control. + +Byte 1: + 0-255 = 0-12v (linear), specify voltage at which fan will rotate when under + low threshold temp (specified in byte 3) + +Byte 2: + 0-255 = 0-12v (linear), specify voltage at which fan will rotate when above + high threshold temp (specified in byte 4) + +Byte 3: + Low threshold temp (scale as bank 0x21) + +byte 4: + High threshold temp (scale as bank 0x21) + + +Bank 0x26 Sensors Bank2 Values / Readings (R) +--------------------------------------------- + +This bank contains 6 sensors (AFAIK), for each sensor it contains 1 byte. + +So far the following sensors are known to be available on all motherboards: + - Sensor 0: CPU fan speed + - Sensor 1: NB (or chipset for single chip) fan speed + - Sensor 2: SYS fan speed + +Byte 0: + This byte holds the reading from the sensor. 0-255 = 0-15300 (linear) + + +Bank 0x27 Sensors Bank2 Settings (R) and Bank 0x28 Sensors Bank2 Settings (W) +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Those banks contain 6 sensors (AFAIK), for each sensor it contains 2 bytes. + +Byte 0: + Alarm behaviour for the selected sensor. A 1 enables the described behaviour. + +Bit 0: + Give an alarm if measured rpm is under the min threshold (RW) + +Bit 3: + Beep if alarm (RW) + +Bit 7: + Shutdown if alarm persist for more than 4 seconds (RW) + +Byte 1: + min threshold (scale as bank 0x26) + + +Warning for the adventurous +=========================== + +A word of caution to those who want to experiment and see if they can figure +the voltage / clock programming out, I tried reading and only reading banks +0-0x30 with the reading code used for the sensor banks (0x20-0x28) and this +resulted in a _permanent_ reprogramming of the voltages, luckily I had the +sensors part configured so that it would shutdown my system on any out of spec +voltages which probably safed my computer (after a reboot I managed to +immediately enter the bios and reload the defaults). This probably means that +the read/write cycle for the non sensor part is different from the sensor part. |