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Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | mm/vmstat.c | 2277 |
1 files changed, 2277 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00e81e99c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mm/vmstat.c @@ -0,0 +1,2277 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * linux/mm/vmstat.c + * + * Manages VM statistics + * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds + * + * zoned VM statistics + * Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc., + * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> + * Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Christoph Lameter + */ +#include <linux/fs.h> +#include <linux/mm.h> +#include <linux/err.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/cpu.h> +#include <linux/cpumask.h> +#include <linux/vmstat.h> +#include <linux/proc_fs.h> +#include <linux/seq_file.h> +#include <linux/debugfs.h> +#include <linux/sched.h> +#include <linux/math64.h> +#include <linux/writeback.h> +#include <linux/compaction.h> +#include <linux/mm_inline.h> +#include <linux/page_owner.h> +#include <linux/sched/isolation.h> + +#include "internal.h" + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA +int sysctl_vm_numa_stat = ENABLE_NUMA_STAT; + +/* zero numa counters within a zone */ +static void zero_zone_numa_counters(struct zone *zone) +{ + int item, cpu; + + for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; item++) { + atomic_long_set(&zone->vm_numa_event[item], 0); + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu)->vm_numa_event[item] + = 0; + } + } +} + +/* zero numa counters of all the populated zones */ +static void zero_zones_numa_counters(void) +{ + struct zone *zone; + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) + zero_zone_numa_counters(zone); +} + +/* zero global numa counters */ +static void zero_global_numa_counters(void) +{ + int item; + + for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; item++) + atomic_long_set(&vm_numa_event[item], 0); +} + +static void invalid_numa_statistics(void) +{ + zero_zones_numa_counters(); + zero_global_numa_counters(); +} + +static DEFINE_MUTEX(vm_numa_stat_lock); + +int sysctl_vm_numa_stat_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, + void *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos) +{ + int ret, oldval; + + mutex_lock(&vm_numa_stat_lock); + if (write) + oldval = sysctl_vm_numa_stat; + ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos); + if (ret || !write) + goto out; + + if (oldval == sysctl_vm_numa_stat) + goto out; + else if (sysctl_vm_numa_stat == ENABLE_NUMA_STAT) { + static_branch_enable(&vm_numa_stat_key); + pr_info("enable numa statistics\n"); + } else { + static_branch_disable(&vm_numa_stat_key); + invalid_numa_statistics(); + pr_info("disable numa statistics, and clear numa counters\n"); + } + +out: + mutex_unlock(&vm_numa_stat_lock); + return ret; +} +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS +DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}}; +EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states); + +static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret) +{ + int cpu; + int i; + + memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long)); + + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) + ret[i] += this->event[i]; + } +} + +/* + * Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs. + * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change + * during and after execution of this function. +*/ +void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret) +{ + cpus_read_lock(); + sum_vm_events(ret); + cpus_read_unlock(); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events); + +/* + * Fold the foreign cpu events into our own. + * + * This is adding to the events on one processor + * but keeps the global counts constant. + */ +void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu) +{ + struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu); + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) { + count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]); + fold_state->event[i] = 0; + } +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */ + +/* + * Manage combined zone based / global counters + * + * vm_stat contains the global counters + */ +atomic_long_t vm_zone_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp; +atomic_long_t vm_node_stat[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp; +atomic_long_t vm_numa_event[NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp; +EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_zone_stat); +EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_node_stat); + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA +static void fold_vm_zone_numa_events(struct zone *zone) +{ + unsigned long zone_numa_events[NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS] = { 0, }; + int cpu; + enum numa_stat_item item; + + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + struct per_cpu_zonestat *pzstats; + + pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu); + for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; item++) + zone_numa_events[item] += xchg(&pzstats->vm_numa_event[item], 0); + } + + for (item = 0; item < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; item++) + zone_numa_event_add(zone_numa_events[item], zone, item); +} + +void fold_vm_numa_events(void) +{ + struct zone *zone; + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) + fold_vm_zone_numa_events(zone); +} +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP + +int calculate_pressure_threshold(struct zone *zone) +{ + int threshold; + int watermark_distance; + + /* + * As vmstats are not up to date, there is drift between the estimated + * and real values. For high thresholds and a high number of CPUs, it + * is possible for the min watermark to be breached while the estimated + * value looks fine. The pressure threshold is a reduced value such + * that even the maximum amount of drift will not accidentally breach + * the min watermark + */ + watermark_distance = low_wmark_pages(zone) - min_wmark_pages(zone); + threshold = max(1, (int)(watermark_distance / num_online_cpus())); + + /* + * Maximum threshold is 125 + */ + threshold = min(125, threshold); + + return threshold; +} + +int calculate_normal_threshold(struct zone *zone) +{ + int threshold; + int mem; /* memory in 128 MB units */ + + /* + * The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount + * of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for + * longer, more processors could lead to more contention. + * fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling. + * + * Some sample thresholds: + * + * Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem)+1 + * ------------------------------------------------------------------ + * 8 1 1 0.9-1 GB 4 + * 16 2 2 0.9-1 GB 4 + * 20 2 2 1-2 GB 5 + * 24 2 2 2-4 GB 6 + * 28 2 2 4-8 GB 7 + * 32 2 2 8-16 GB 8 + * 4 2 2 <128M 1 + * 30 4 3 2-4 GB 5 + * 48 4 3 8-16 GB 8 + * 32 8 4 1-2 GB 4 + * 32 8 4 0.9-1GB 4 + * 10 16 5 <128M 1 + * 40 16 5 900M 4 + * 70 64 7 2-4 GB 5 + * 84 64 7 4-8 GB 6 + * 108 512 9 4-8 GB 6 + * 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8 + * 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9 + */ + + mem = zone_managed_pages(zone) >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT); + + threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem)); + + /* + * Maximum threshold is 125 + */ + threshold = min(125, threshold); + + return threshold; +} + +/* + * Refresh the thresholds for each zone. + */ +void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void) +{ + struct pglist_data *pgdat; + struct zone *zone; + int cpu; + int threshold; + + /* Zero current pgdat thresholds */ + for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) { + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold = 0; + } + } + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) { + struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat; + unsigned long max_drift, tolerate_drift; + + threshold = calculate_normal_threshold(zone); + + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + int pgdat_threshold; + + per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu)->stat_threshold + = threshold; + + /* Base nodestat threshold on the largest populated zone. */ + pgdat_threshold = per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold; + per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold + = max(threshold, pgdat_threshold); + } + + /* + * Only set percpu_drift_mark if there is a danger that + * NR_FREE_PAGES reports the low watermark is ok when in fact + * the min watermark could be breached by an allocation + */ + tolerate_drift = low_wmark_pages(zone) - min_wmark_pages(zone); + max_drift = num_online_cpus() * threshold; + if (max_drift > tolerate_drift) + zone->percpu_drift_mark = high_wmark_pages(zone) + + max_drift; + } +} + +void set_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat, + int (*calculate_pressure)(struct zone *)) +{ + struct zone *zone; + int cpu; + int threshold; + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < pgdat->nr_zones; i++) { + zone = &pgdat->node_zones[i]; + if (!zone->percpu_drift_mark) + continue; + + threshold = (*calculate_pressure)(zone); + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) + per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu)->stat_threshold + = threshold; + } +} + +/* + * For use when we know that interrupts are disabled, + * or when we know that preemption is disabled and that + * particular counter cannot be updated from interrupt context. + */ +void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + struct per_cpu_zonestat __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_zonestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item; + long x; + long t; + + /* + * Accurate vmstat updates require a RMW. On !PREEMPT_RT kernels, + * atomicity is provided by IRQs being disabled -- either explicitly + * or via local_lock_irq. On PREEMPT_RT, local_lock_irq only disables + * CPU migrations and preemption potentially corrupts a counter so + * disable preemption. + */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + x = delta + __this_cpu_read(*p); + + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + + if (unlikely(abs(x) > t)) { + zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item); + x = 0; + } + __this_cpu_write(*p, x); + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state); + +void __mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item; + long x; + long t; + + if (vmstat_item_in_bytes(item)) { + /* + * Only cgroups use subpage accounting right now; at + * the global level, these items still change in + * multiples of whole pages. Store them as pages + * internally to keep the per-cpu counters compact. + */ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(delta & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)); + delta >>= PAGE_SHIFT; + } + + /* See __mod_node_page_state */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + x = delta + __this_cpu_read(*p); + + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + + if (unlikely(abs(x) > t)) { + node_page_state_add(x, pgdat, item); + x = 0; + } + __this_cpu_write(*p, x); + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_node_page_state); + +/* + * Optimized increment and decrement functions. + * + * These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page * + * argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code + * generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions. + * + * No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be + * incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to + * generate better code. + * The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can + * be omitted. + * + * NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only + * with care. + * + * Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt. + * However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone + * based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no + * guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change + * in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited + * in a useful way here. + */ +void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + struct per_cpu_zonestat __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_zonestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item; + s8 v, t; + + /* See __mod_node_page_state */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + v = __this_cpu_inc_return(*p); + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + if (unlikely(v > t)) { + s8 overstep = t >> 1; + + zone_page_state_add(v + overstep, zone, item); + __this_cpu_write(*p, -overstep); + } + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} + +void __inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item; + s8 v, t; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vmstat_item_in_bytes(item)); + + /* See __mod_node_page_state */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + v = __this_cpu_inc_return(*p); + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + if (unlikely(v > t)) { + s8 overstep = t >> 1; + + node_page_state_add(v + overstep, pgdat, item); + __this_cpu_write(*p, -overstep); + } + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} + +void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + __inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state); + +void __inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + __inc_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_node_page_state); + +void __dec_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + struct per_cpu_zonestat __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_zonestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item; + s8 v, t; + + /* See __mod_node_page_state */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + v = __this_cpu_dec_return(*p); + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + if (unlikely(v < - t)) { + s8 overstep = t >> 1; + + zone_page_state_add(v - overstep, zone, item); + __this_cpu_write(*p, overstep); + } + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} + +void __dec_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item; + s8 v, t; + + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vmstat_item_in_bytes(item)); + + /* See __mod_node_page_state */ + preempt_disable_nested(); + + v = __this_cpu_dec_return(*p); + t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + if (unlikely(v < - t)) { + s8 overstep = t >> 1; + + node_page_state_add(v - overstep, pgdat, item); + __this_cpu_write(*p, overstep); + } + + preempt_enable_nested(); +} + +void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + __dec_zone_state(page_zone(page), item); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state); + +void __dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + __dec_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_node_page_state); + +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_CMPXCHG_LOCAL +/* + * If we have cmpxchg_local support then we do not need to incur the overhead + * that comes with local_irq_save/restore if we use this_cpu_cmpxchg. + * + * mod_state() modifies the zone counter state through atomic per cpu + * operations. + * + * Overstep mode specifies how overstep should handled: + * 0 No overstepping + * 1 Overstepping half of threshold + * -1 Overstepping minus half of threshold +*/ +static inline void mod_zone_state(struct zone *zone, + enum zone_stat_item item, long delta, int overstep_mode) +{ + struct per_cpu_zonestat __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_zonestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item; + long o, n, t, z; + + do { + z = 0; /* overflow to zone counters */ + + /* + * The fetching of the stat_threshold is racy. We may apply + * a counter threshold to the wrong the cpu if we get + * rescheduled while executing here. However, the next + * counter update will apply the threshold again and + * therefore bring the counter under the threshold again. + * + * Most of the time the thresholds are the same anyways + * for all cpus in a zone. + */ + t = this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + + o = this_cpu_read(*p); + n = delta + o; + + if (abs(n) > t) { + int os = overstep_mode * (t >> 1) ; + + /* Overflow must be added to zone counters */ + z = n + os; + n = -os; + } + } while (this_cpu_cmpxchg(*p, o, n) != o); + + if (z) + zone_page_state_add(z, zone, item); +} + +void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + mod_zone_state(zone, item, delta, 0); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state); + +void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + mod_zone_state(page_zone(page), item, 1, 1); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state); + +void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + mod_zone_state(page_zone(page), item, -1, -1); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state); + +static inline void mod_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, + enum node_stat_item item, int delta, int overstep_mode) +{ + struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats; + s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item; + long o, n, t, z; + + if (vmstat_item_in_bytes(item)) { + /* + * Only cgroups use subpage accounting right now; at + * the global level, these items still change in + * multiples of whole pages. Store them as pages + * internally to keep the per-cpu counters compact. + */ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(delta & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)); + delta >>= PAGE_SHIFT; + } + + do { + z = 0; /* overflow to node counters */ + + /* + * The fetching of the stat_threshold is racy. We may apply + * a counter threshold to the wrong the cpu if we get + * rescheduled while executing here. However, the next + * counter update will apply the threshold again and + * therefore bring the counter under the threshold again. + * + * Most of the time the thresholds are the same anyways + * for all cpus in a node. + */ + t = this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold); + + o = this_cpu_read(*p); + n = delta + o; + + if (abs(n) > t) { + int os = overstep_mode * (t >> 1) ; + + /* Overflow must be added to node counters */ + z = n + os; + n = -os; + } + } while (this_cpu_cmpxchg(*p, o, n) != o); + + if (z) + node_page_state_add(z, pgdat, item); +} + +void mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + mod_node_state(pgdat, item, delta, 0); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_node_page_state); + +void inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + mod_node_state(pgdat, item, 1, 1); +} + +void inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + mod_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item, 1, 1); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_page_state); + +void dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + mod_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item, -1, -1); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_node_page_state); +#else +/* + * Use interrupt disable to serialize counter updates + */ +void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state); + +void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + unsigned long flags; + struct zone *zone; + + zone = page_zone(page); + local_irq_save(flags); + __inc_zone_state(zone, item); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state); + +void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __dec_zone_page_state(page, item); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state); + +void inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __inc_node_state(pgdat, item); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_state); + +void mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item, + long delta) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __mod_node_page_state(pgdat, item, delta); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_node_page_state); + +void inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + unsigned long flags; + struct pglist_data *pgdat; + + pgdat = page_pgdat(page); + local_irq_save(flags); + __inc_node_state(pgdat, item); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_page_state); + +void dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item) +{ + unsigned long flags; + + local_irq_save(flags); + __dec_node_page_state(page, item); + local_irq_restore(flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_node_page_state); +#endif + +/* + * Fold a differential into the global counters. + * Returns the number of counters updated. + */ +static int fold_diff(int *zone_diff, int *node_diff) +{ + int i; + int changes = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) + if (zone_diff[i]) { + atomic_long_add(zone_diff[i], &vm_zone_stat[i]); + changes++; + } + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) + if (node_diff[i]) { + atomic_long_add(node_diff[i], &vm_node_stat[i]); + changes++; + } + return changes; +} + +/* + * Update the zone counters for the current cpu. + * + * Note that refresh_cpu_vm_stats strives to only access + * node local memory. The per cpu pagesets on remote zones are placed + * in the memory local to the processor using that pageset. So the + * loop over all zones will access a series of cachelines local to + * the processor. + * + * The call to zone_page_state_add updates the cachelines with the + * statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines + * with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line + * bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary. + * + * The function returns the number of global counters updated. + */ +static int refresh_cpu_vm_stats(bool do_pagesets) +{ + struct pglist_data *pgdat; + struct zone *zone; + int i; + int global_zone_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, }; + int global_node_diff[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, }; + int changes = 0; + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) { + struct per_cpu_zonestat __percpu *pzstats = zone->per_cpu_zonestats; +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + struct per_cpu_pages __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_pageset; +#endif + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + int v; + + v = this_cpu_xchg(pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i], 0); + if (v) { + + atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]); + global_zone_diff[i] += v; +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + /* 3 seconds idle till flush */ + __this_cpu_write(pcp->expire, 3); +#endif + } + } +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + + if (do_pagesets) { + cond_resched(); + /* + * Deal with draining the remote pageset of this + * processor + * + * Check if there are pages remaining in this pageset + * if not then there is nothing to expire. + */ + if (!__this_cpu_read(pcp->expire) || + !__this_cpu_read(pcp->count)) + continue; + + /* + * We never drain zones local to this processor. + */ + if (zone_to_nid(zone) == numa_node_id()) { + __this_cpu_write(pcp->expire, 0); + continue; + } + + if (__this_cpu_dec_return(pcp->expire)) + continue; + + if (__this_cpu_read(pcp->count)) { + drain_zone_pages(zone, this_cpu_ptr(pcp)); + changes++; + } + } +#endif + } + + for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) { + struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *p = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + int v; + + v = this_cpu_xchg(p->vm_node_stat_diff[i], 0); + if (v) { + atomic_long_add(v, &pgdat->vm_stat[i]); + global_node_diff[i] += v; + } + } + } + + changes += fold_diff(global_zone_diff, global_node_diff); + return changes; +} + +/* + * Fold the data for an offline cpu into the global array. + * There cannot be any access by the offline cpu and therefore + * synchronization is simplified. + */ +void cpu_vm_stats_fold(int cpu) +{ + struct pglist_data *pgdat; + struct zone *zone; + int i; + int global_zone_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, }; + int global_node_diff[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, }; + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) { + struct per_cpu_zonestat *pzstats; + + pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + if (pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i]) { + int v; + + v = pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i]; + pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0; + atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]); + global_zone_diff[i] += v; + } + } +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) { + if (pzstats->vm_numa_event[i]) { + unsigned long v; + + v = pzstats->vm_numa_event[i]; + pzstats->vm_numa_event[i] = 0; + zone_numa_event_add(v, zone, i); + } + } +#endif + } + + for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) { + struct per_cpu_nodestat *p; + + p = per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) + if (p->vm_node_stat_diff[i]) { + int v; + + v = p->vm_node_stat_diff[i]; + p->vm_node_stat_diff[i] = 0; + atomic_long_add(v, &pgdat->vm_stat[i]); + global_node_diff[i] += v; + } + } + + fold_diff(global_zone_diff, global_node_diff); +} + +/* + * this is only called if !populated_zone(zone), which implies no other users of + * pset->vm_stat_diff[] exist. + */ +void drain_zonestat(struct zone *zone, struct per_cpu_zonestat *pzstats) +{ + unsigned long v; + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + if (pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i]) { + v = pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i]; + pzstats->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0; + zone_page_state_add(v, zone, i); + } + } + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) { + if (pzstats->vm_numa_event[i]) { + v = pzstats->vm_numa_event[i]; + pzstats->vm_numa_event[i] = 0; + zone_numa_event_add(v, zone, i); + } + } +#endif +} +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA +/* + * Determine the per node value of a stat item. This function + * is called frequently in a NUMA machine, so try to be as + * frugal as possible. + */ +unsigned long sum_zone_node_page_state(int node, + enum zone_stat_item item) +{ + struct zone *zones = NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones; + int i; + unsigned long count = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) + count += zone_page_state(zones + i, item); + + return count; +} + +/* Determine the per node value of a numa stat item. */ +unsigned long sum_zone_numa_event_state(int node, + enum numa_stat_item item) +{ + struct zone *zones = NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones; + unsigned long count = 0; + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) + count += zone_numa_event_state(zones + i, item); + + return count; +} + +/* + * Determine the per node value of a stat item. + */ +unsigned long node_page_state_pages(struct pglist_data *pgdat, + enum node_stat_item item) +{ + long x = atomic_long_read(&pgdat->vm_stat[item]); +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP + if (x < 0) + x = 0; +#endif + return x; +} + +unsigned long node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, + enum node_stat_item item) +{ + VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vmstat_item_in_bytes(item)); + + return node_page_state_pages(pgdat, item); +} +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION + +struct contig_page_info { + unsigned long free_pages; + unsigned long free_blocks_total; + unsigned long free_blocks_suitable; +}; + +/* + * Calculate the number of free pages in a zone, how many contiguous + * pages are free and how many are large enough to satisfy an allocation of + * the target size. Note that this function makes no attempt to estimate + * how many suitable free blocks there *might* be if MOVABLE pages were + * migrated. Calculating that is possible, but expensive and can be + * figured out from userspace + */ +static void fill_contig_page_info(struct zone *zone, + unsigned int suitable_order, + struct contig_page_info *info) +{ + unsigned int order; + + info->free_pages = 0; + info->free_blocks_total = 0; + info->free_blocks_suitable = 0; + + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; order++) { + unsigned long blocks; + + /* + * Count number of free blocks. + * + * Access to nr_free is lockless as nr_free is used only for + * diagnostic purposes. Use data_race to avoid KCSAN warning. + */ + blocks = data_race(zone->free_area[order].nr_free); + info->free_blocks_total += blocks; + + /* Count free base pages */ + info->free_pages += blocks << order; + + /* Count the suitable free blocks */ + if (order >= suitable_order) + info->free_blocks_suitable += blocks << + (order - suitable_order); + } +} + +/* + * A fragmentation index only makes sense if an allocation of a requested + * size would fail. If that is true, the fragmentation index indicates + * whether external fragmentation or a lack of memory was the problem. + * The value can be used to determine if page reclaim or compaction + * should be used + */ +static int __fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info) +{ + unsigned long requested = 1UL << order; + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(order > MAX_ORDER)) + return 0; + + if (!info->free_blocks_total) + return 0; + + /* Fragmentation index only makes sense when a request would fail */ + if (info->free_blocks_suitable) + return -1000; + + /* + * Index is between 0 and 1 so return within 3 decimal places + * + * 0 => allocation would fail due to lack of memory + * 1 => allocation would fail due to fragmentation + */ + return 1000 - div_u64( (1000+(div_u64(info->free_pages * 1000ULL, requested))), info->free_blocks_total); +} + +/* + * Calculates external fragmentation within a zone wrt the given order. + * It is defined as the percentage of pages found in blocks of size + * less than 1 << order. It returns values in range [0, 100]. + */ +unsigned int extfrag_for_order(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order) +{ + struct contig_page_info info; + + fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info); + if (info.free_pages == 0) + return 0; + + return div_u64((info.free_pages - + (info.free_blocks_suitable << order)) * 100, + info.free_pages); +} + +/* Same as __fragmentation index but allocs contig_page_info on stack */ +int fragmentation_index(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order) +{ + struct contig_page_info info; + + fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info); + return __fragmentation_index(order, &info); +} +#endif + +#if defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS) || defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) || \ + defined(CONFIG_NUMA) || defined(CONFIG_MEMCG) +#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA +#define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) xx "_dma", +#else +#define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 +#define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_dma32", +#else +#define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM +#define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_high", +#else +#define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE +#define TEXT_FOR_DEVICE(xx) xx "_device", +#else +#define TEXT_FOR_DEVICE(xx) +#endif + +#define TEXTS_FOR_ZONES(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_normal", \ + TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_movable", \ + TEXT_FOR_DEVICE(xx) + +const char * const vmstat_text[] = { + /* enum zone_stat_item counters */ + "nr_free_pages", + "nr_zone_inactive_anon", + "nr_zone_active_anon", + "nr_zone_inactive_file", + "nr_zone_active_file", + "nr_zone_unevictable", + "nr_zone_write_pending", + "nr_mlock", + "nr_bounce", +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZSMALLOC) + "nr_zspages", +#endif + "nr_free_cma", +#ifdef CONFIG_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY + "nr_unaccepted", +#endif + + /* enum numa_stat_item counters */ +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + "numa_hit", + "numa_miss", + "numa_foreign", + "numa_interleave", + "numa_local", + "numa_other", +#endif + + /* enum node_stat_item counters */ + "nr_inactive_anon", + "nr_active_anon", + "nr_inactive_file", + "nr_active_file", + "nr_unevictable", + "nr_slab_reclaimable", + "nr_slab_unreclaimable", + "nr_isolated_anon", + "nr_isolated_file", + "workingset_nodes", + "workingset_refault_anon", + "workingset_refault_file", + "workingset_activate_anon", + "workingset_activate_file", + "workingset_restore_anon", + "workingset_restore_file", + "workingset_nodereclaim", + "nr_anon_pages", + "nr_mapped", + "nr_file_pages", + "nr_dirty", + "nr_writeback", + "nr_writeback_temp", + "nr_shmem", + "nr_shmem_hugepages", + "nr_shmem_pmdmapped", + "nr_file_hugepages", + "nr_file_pmdmapped", + "nr_anon_transparent_hugepages", + "nr_vmscan_write", + "nr_vmscan_immediate_reclaim", + "nr_dirtied", + "nr_written", + "nr_throttled_written", + "nr_kernel_misc_reclaimable", + "nr_foll_pin_acquired", + "nr_foll_pin_released", + "nr_kernel_stack", +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK) + "nr_shadow_call_stack", +#endif + "nr_page_table_pages", + "nr_sec_page_table_pages", +#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP + "nr_swapcached", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING + "pgpromote_success", + "pgpromote_candidate", +#endif + + /* enum writeback_stat_item counters */ + "nr_dirty_threshold", + "nr_dirty_background_threshold", + +#if defined(CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS) || defined(CONFIG_MEMCG) + /* enum vm_event_item counters */ + "pgpgin", + "pgpgout", + "pswpin", + "pswpout", + + TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgalloc") + TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("allocstall") + TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgskip") + + "pgfree", + "pgactivate", + "pgdeactivate", + "pglazyfree", + + "pgfault", + "pgmajfault", + "pglazyfreed", + + "pgrefill", + "pgreuse", + "pgsteal_kswapd", + "pgsteal_direct", + "pgsteal_khugepaged", + "pgdemote_kswapd", + "pgdemote_direct", + "pgdemote_khugepaged", + "pgscan_kswapd", + "pgscan_direct", + "pgscan_khugepaged", + "pgscan_direct_throttle", + "pgscan_anon", + "pgscan_file", + "pgsteal_anon", + "pgsteal_file", + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + "zone_reclaim_failed", +#endif + "pginodesteal", + "slabs_scanned", + "kswapd_inodesteal", + "kswapd_low_wmark_hit_quickly", + "kswapd_high_wmark_hit_quickly", + "pageoutrun", + + "pgrotated", + + "drop_pagecache", + "drop_slab", + "oom_kill", + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING + "numa_pte_updates", + "numa_huge_pte_updates", + "numa_hint_faults", + "numa_hint_faults_local", + "numa_pages_migrated", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION + "pgmigrate_success", + "pgmigrate_fail", + "thp_migration_success", + "thp_migration_fail", + "thp_migration_split", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION + "compact_migrate_scanned", + "compact_free_scanned", + "compact_isolated", + "compact_stall", + "compact_fail", + "compact_success", + "compact_daemon_wake", + "compact_daemon_migrate_scanned", + "compact_daemon_free_scanned", +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE + "htlb_buddy_alloc_success", + "htlb_buddy_alloc_fail", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_CMA + "cma_alloc_success", + "cma_alloc_fail", +#endif + "unevictable_pgs_culled", + "unevictable_pgs_scanned", + "unevictable_pgs_rescued", + "unevictable_pgs_mlocked", + "unevictable_pgs_munlocked", + "unevictable_pgs_cleared", + "unevictable_pgs_stranded", + +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE + "thp_fault_alloc", + "thp_fault_fallback", + "thp_fault_fallback_charge", + "thp_collapse_alloc", + "thp_collapse_alloc_failed", + "thp_file_alloc", + "thp_file_fallback", + "thp_file_fallback_charge", + "thp_file_mapped", + "thp_split_page", + "thp_split_page_failed", + "thp_deferred_split_page", + "thp_split_pmd", + "thp_scan_exceed_none_pte", + "thp_scan_exceed_swap_pte", + "thp_scan_exceed_share_pte", +#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD + "thp_split_pud", +#endif + "thp_zero_page_alloc", + "thp_zero_page_alloc_failed", + "thp_swpout", + "thp_swpout_fallback", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON + "balloon_inflate", + "balloon_deflate", +#ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION + "balloon_migrate", +#endif +#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON */ +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_TLBFLUSH + "nr_tlb_remote_flush", + "nr_tlb_remote_flush_received", + "nr_tlb_local_flush_all", + "nr_tlb_local_flush_one", +#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_TLBFLUSH */ + +#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP + "swap_ra", + "swap_ra_hit", +#ifdef CONFIG_KSM + "ksm_swpin_copy", +#endif +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_KSM + "cow_ksm", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_ZSWAP + "zswpin", + "zswpout", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_X86 + "direct_map_level2_splits", + "direct_map_level3_splits", +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK_STATS + "vma_lock_success", + "vma_lock_abort", + "vma_lock_retry", + "vma_lock_miss", +#endif +#endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS || CONFIG_MEMCG */ +}; +#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS || CONFIG_SYSFS || CONFIG_NUMA || CONFIG_MEMCG */ + +#if (defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) && defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION)) || \ + defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS) +static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat; + loff_t node = *pos; + + for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat(); + pgdat && node; + pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat)) + --node; + + return pgdat; +} + +static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + (*pos)++; + return next_online_pgdat(pgdat); +} + +static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ +} + +/* + * Walk zones in a node and print using a callback. + * If @assert_populated is true, only use callback for zones that are populated. + */ +static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, + bool assert_populated, bool nolock, + void (*print)(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *, struct zone *)) +{ + struct zone *zone; + struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones; + unsigned long flags; + + for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) { + if (assert_populated && !populated_zone(zone)) + continue; + + if (!nolock) + spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags); + print(m, pgdat, zone); + if (!nolock) + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags); + } +} +#endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS +static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, + struct zone *zone) +{ + int order; + + seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name); + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; ++order) + /* + * Access to nr_free is lockless as nr_free is used only for + * printing purposes. Use data_race to avoid KCSAN warning. + */ + seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", data_race(zone->free_area[order].nr_free)); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +/* + * This walks the free areas for each zone. + */ +static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, false, frag_show_print); + return 0; +} + +static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file *m, + pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) +{ + int order, mtype; + + for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) { + seq_printf(m, "Node %4d, zone %8s, type %12s ", + pgdat->node_id, + zone->name, + migratetype_names[mtype]); + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; ++order) { + unsigned long freecount = 0; + struct free_area *area; + struct list_head *curr; + bool overflow = false; + + area = &(zone->free_area[order]); + + list_for_each(curr, &area->free_list[mtype]) { + /* + * Cap the free_list iteration because it might + * be really large and we are under a spinlock + * so a long time spent here could trigger a + * hard lockup detector. Anyway this is a + * debugging tool so knowing there is a handful + * of pages of this order should be more than + * sufficient. + */ + if (++freecount >= 100000) { + overflow = true; + break; + } + } + seq_printf(m, "%s%6lu ", overflow ? ">" : "", freecount); + spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock); + cond_resched(); + spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock); + } + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + } +} + +/* Print out the free pages at each order for each migatetype */ +static void pagetypeinfo_showfree(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + int order; + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + /* Print header */ + seq_printf(m, "%-43s ", "Free pages count per migrate type at order"); + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; ++order) + seq_printf(m, "%6d ", order); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, false, pagetypeinfo_showfree_print); +} + +static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print(struct seq_file *m, + pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) +{ + int mtype; + unsigned long pfn; + unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; + unsigned long end_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone); + unsigned long count[MIGRATE_TYPES] = { 0, }; + + for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) { + struct page *page; + + page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn); + if (!page) + continue; + + if (page_zone(page) != zone) + continue; + + mtype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page); + + if (mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES) + count[mtype]++; + } + + /* Print counts */ + seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name); + for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) + seq_printf(m, "%12lu ", count[mtype]); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +/* Print out the number of pageblocks for each migratetype */ +static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + int mtype; + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + seq_printf(m, "\n%-23s", "Number of blocks type "); + for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) + seq_printf(m, "%12s ", migratetype_names[mtype]); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, false, + pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print); +} + +/* + * Print out the number of pageblocks for each migratetype that contain pages + * of other types. This gives an indication of how well fallbacks are being + * contained by rmqueue_fallback(). It requires information from PAGE_OWNER + * to determine what is going on + */ +static void pagetypeinfo_showmixedcount(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat) +{ +#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER + int mtype; + + if (!static_branch_unlikely(&page_owner_inited)) + return; + + drain_all_pages(NULL); + + seq_printf(m, "\n%-23s", "Number of mixed blocks "); + for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) + seq_printf(m, "%12s ", migratetype_names[mtype]); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, true, + pagetypeinfo_showmixedcount_print); +#endif /* CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER */ +} + +/* + * This prints out statistics in relation to grouping pages by mobility. + * It is expensive to collect so do not constantly read the file. + */ +static int pagetypeinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + /* check memoryless node */ + if (!node_state(pgdat->node_id, N_MEMORY)) + return 0; + + seq_printf(m, "Page block order: %d\n", pageblock_order); + seq_printf(m, "Pages per block: %lu\n", pageblock_nr_pages); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + pagetypeinfo_showfree(m, pgdat); + pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(m, pgdat); + pagetypeinfo_showmixedcount(m, pgdat); + + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = { + .start = frag_start, + .next = frag_next, + .stop = frag_stop, + .show = frag_show, +}; + +static const struct seq_operations pagetypeinfo_op = { + .start = frag_start, + .next = frag_next, + .stop = frag_stop, + .show = pagetypeinfo_show, +}; + +static bool is_zone_first_populated(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) +{ + int zid; + + for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) { + struct zone *compare = &pgdat->node_zones[zid]; + + if (populated_zone(compare)) + return zone == compare; + } + + return false; +} + +static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, + struct zone *zone) +{ + int i; + seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat->node_id, zone->name); + if (is_zone_first_populated(pgdat, zone)) { + seq_printf(m, "\n per-node stats"); + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + unsigned long pages = node_page_state_pages(pgdat, i); + + if (vmstat_item_print_in_thp(i)) + pages /= HPAGE_PMD_NR; + seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", node_stat_name(i), + pages); + } + } + seq_printf(m, + "\n pages free %lu" + "\n boost %lu" + "\n min %lu" + "\n low %lu" + "\n high %lu" + "\n spanned %lu" + "\n present %lu" + "\n managed %lu" + "\n cma %lu", + zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES), + zone->watermark_boost, + min_wmark_pages(zone), + low_wmark_pages(zone), + high_wmark_pages(zone), + zone->spanned_pages, + zone->present_pages, + zone_managed_pages(zone), + zone_cma_pages(zone)); + + seq_printf(m, + "\n protection: (%ld", + zone->lowmem_reserve[0]); + for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(zone->lowmem_reserve); i++) + seq_printf(m, ", %ld", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]); + seq_putc(m, ')'); + + /* If unpopulated, no other information is useful */ + if (!populated_zone(zone)) { + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + return; + } + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) + seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", zone_stat_name(i), + zone_page_state(zone, i)); + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) + seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", numa_stat_name(i), + zone_numa_event_state(zone, i)); +#endif + + seq_printf(m, "\n pagesets"); + for_each_online_cpu(i) { + struct per_cpu_pages *pcp; + struct per_cpu_zonestat __maybe_unused *pzstats; + + pcp = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_pageset, i); + seq_printf(m, + "\n cpu: %i" + "\n count: %i" + "\n high: %i" + "\n batch: %i", + i, + pcp->count, + pcp->high, + pcp->batch); +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP + pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, i); + seq_printf(m, "\n vm stats threshold: %d", + pzstats->stat_threshold); +#endif + } + seq_printf(m, + "\n node_unreclaimable: %u" + "\n start_pfn: %lu", + pgdat->kswapd_failures >= MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES, + zone->zone_start_pfn); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +/* + * Output information about zones in @pgdat. All zones are printed regardless + * of whether they are populated or not: lowmem_reserve_ratio operates on the + * set of all zones and userspace would not be aware of such zones if they are + * suppressed here (zoneinfo displays the effect of lowmem_reserve_ratio). + */ +static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, false, false, zoneinfo_show_print); + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op = { + .start = frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in + * fragmentation. */ + .next = frag_next, + .stop = frag_stop, + .show = zoneinfo_show, +}; + +#define NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS (NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS + \ + NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS + \ + NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS + \ + NR_VM_WRITEBACK_STAT_ITEMS + \ + (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS) ? \ + NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS : 0)) + +static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) +{ + unsigned long *v; + int i; + + if (*pos >= NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS) + return NULL; + + BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text) < NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS); + fold_vm_numa_events(); + v = kmalloc_array(NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS, sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL); + m->private = v; + if (!v) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) + v[i] = global_zone_page_state(i); + v += NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; + +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) + v[i] = global_numa_event_state(i); + v += NR_VM_NUMA_EVENT_ITEMS; +#endif + + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + v[i] = global_node_page_state_pages(i); + if (vmstat_item_print_in_thp(i)) + v[i] /= HPAGE_PMD_NR; + } + v += NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; + + global_dirty_limits(v + NR_DIRTY_BG_THRESHOLD, + v + NR_DIRTY_THRESHOLD); + v += NR_VM_WRITEBACK_STAT_ITEMS; + +#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS + all_vm_events(v); + v[PGPGIN] /= 2; /* sectors -> kbytes */ + v[PGPGOUT] /= 2; +#endif + return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos; +} + +static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos) +{ + (*pos)++; + if (*pos >= NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS) + return NULL; + return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos; +} + +static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + unsigned long *l = arg; + unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private; + + seq_puts(m, vmstat_text[off]); + seq_put_decimal_ull(m, " ", *l); + seq_putc(m, '\n'); + + if (off == NR_VMSTAT_ITEMS - 1) { + /* + * We've come to the end - add any deprecated counters to avoid + * breaking userspace which might depend on them being present. + */ + seq_puts(m, "nr_unstable 0\n"); + } + return 0; +} + +static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + kfree(m->private); + m->private = NULL; +} + +static const struct seq_operations vmstat_op = { + .start = vmstat_start, + .next = vmstat_next, + .stop = vmstat_stop, + .show = vmstat_show, +}; +#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */ + +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); +int sysctl_stat_interval __read_mostly = HZ; + +#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS +static void refresh_vm_stats(struct work_struct *work) +{ + refresh_cpu_vm_stats(true); +} + +int vmstat_refresh(struct ctl_table *table, int write, + void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos) +{ + long val; + int err; + int i; + + /* + * The regular update, every sysctl_stat_interval, may come later + * than expected: leaving a significant amount in per_cpu buckets. + * This is particularly misleading when checking a quantity of HUGE + * pages, immediately after running a test. /proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh, + * which can equally be echo'ed to or cat'ted from (by root), + * can be used to update the stats just before reading them. + * + * Oh, and since global_zone_page_state() etc. are so careful to hide + * transiently negative values, report an error here if any of + * the stats is negative, so we know to go looking for imbalance. + */ + err = schedule_on_each_cpu(refresh_vm_stats); + if (err) + return err; + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + /* + * Skip checking stats known to go negative occasionally. + */ + switch (i) { + case NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: + case NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: + continue; + } + val = atomic_long_read(&vm_zone_stat[i]); + if (val < 0) { + pr_warn("%s: %s %ld\n", + __func__, zone_stat_name(i), val); + } + } + for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) { + /* + * Skip checking stats known to go negative occasionally. + */ + switch (i) { + case NR_WRITEBACK: + continue; + } + val = atomic_long_read(&vm_node_stat[i]); + if (val < 0) { + pr_warn("%s: %s %ld\n", + __func__, node_stat_name(i), val); + } + } + if (write) + *ppos += *lenp; + else + *lenp = 0; + return 0; +} +#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */ + +static void vmstat_update(struct work_struct *w) +{ + if (refresh_cpu_vm_stats(true)) { + /* + * Counters were updated so we expect more updates + * to occur in the future. Keep on running the + * update worker thread. + */ + queue_delayed_work_on(smp_processor_id(), mm_percpu_wq, + this_cpu_ptr(&vmstat_work), + round_jiffies_relative(sysctl_stat_interval)); + } +} + +/* + * Check if the diffs for a certain cpu indicate that + * an update is needed. + */ +static bool need_update(int cpu) +{ + pg_data_t *last_pgdat = NULL; + struct zone *zone; + + for_each_populated_zone(zone) { + struct per_cpu_zonestat *pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu); + struct per_cpu_nodestat *n; + + /* + * The fast way of checking if there are any vmstat diffs. + */ + if (memchr_inv(pzstats->vm_stat_diff, 0, sizeof(pzstats->vm_stat_diff))) + return true; + + if (last_pgdat == zone->zone_pgdat) + continue; + last_pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat; + n = per_cpu_ptr(zone->zone_pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu); + if (memchr_inv(n->vm_node_stat_diff, 0, sizeof(n->vm_node_stat_diff))) + return true; + } + return false; +} + +/* + * Switch off vmstat processing and then fold all the remaining differentials + * until the diffs stay at zero. The function is used by NOHZ and can only be + * invoked when tick processing is not active. + */ +void quiet_vmstat(void) +{ + if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING) + return; + + if (!delayed_work_pending(this_cpu_ptr(&vmstat_work))) + return; + + if (!need_update(smp_processor_id())) + return; + + /* + * Just refresh counters and do not care about the pending delayed + * vmstat_update. It doesn't fire that often to matter and canceling + * it would be too expensive from this path. + * vmstat_shepherd will take care about that for us. + */ + refresh_cpu_vm_stats(false); +} + +/* + * Shepherd worker thread that checks the + * differentials of processors that have their worker + * threads for vm statistics updates disabled because of + * inactivity. + */ +static void vmstat_shepherd(struct work_struct *w); + +static DECLARE_DEFERRABLE_WORK(shepherd, vmstat_shepherd); + +static void vmstat_shepherd(struct work_struct *w) +{ + int cpu; + + cpus_read_lock(); + /* Check processors whose vmstat worker threads have been disabled */ + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + struct delayed_work *dw = &per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu); + + /* + * In kernel users of vmstat counters either require the precise value and + * they are using zone_page_state_snapshot interface or they can live with + * an imprecision as the regular flushing can happen at arbitrary time and + * cumulative error can grow (see calculate_normal_threshold). + * + * From that POV the regular flushing can be postponed for CPUs that have + * been isolated from the kernel interference without critical + * infrastructure ever noticing. Skip regular flushing from vmstat_shepherd + * for all isolated CPUs to avoid interference with the isolated workload. + */ + if (cpu_is_isolated(cpu)) + continue; + + if (!delayed_work_pending(dw) && need_update(cpu)) + queue_delayed_work_on(cpu, mm_percpu_wq, dw, 0); + + cond_resched(); + } + cpus_read_unlock(); + + schedule_delayed_work(&shepherd, + round_jiffies_relative(sysctl_stat_interval)); +} + +static void __init start_shepherd_timer(void) +{ + int cpu; + + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) + INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(per_cpu_ptr(&vmstat_work, cpu), + vmstat_update); + + schedule_delayed_work(&shepherd, + round_jiffies_relative(sysctl_stat_interval)); +} + +static void __init init_cpu_node_state(void) +{ + int node; + + for_each_online_node(node) { + if (!cpumask_empty(cpumask_of_node(node))) + node_set_state(node, N_CPU); + } +} + +static int vmstat_cpu_online(unsigned int cpu) +{ + refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(); + + if (!node_state(cpu_to_node(cpu), N_CPU)) { + node_set_state(cpu_to_node(cpu), N_CPU); + } + + return 0; +} + +static int vmstat_cpu_down_prep(unsigned int cpu) +{ + cancel_delayed_work_sync(&per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu)); + return 0; +} + +static int vmstat_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu) +{ + const struct cpumask *node_cpus; + int node; + + node = cpu_to_node(cpu); + + refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(); + node_cpus = cpumask_of_node(node); + if (!cpumask_empty(node_cpus)) + return 0; + + node_clear_state(node, N_CPU); + + return 0; +} + +#endif + +struct workqueue_struct *mm_percpu_wq; + +void __init init_mm_internals(void) +{ + int ret __maybe_unused; + + mm_percpu_wq = alloc_workqueue("mm_percpu_wq", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0); + +#ifdef CONFIG_SMP + ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_MM_VMSTAT_DEAD, "mm/vmstat:dead", + NULL, vmstat_cpu_dead); + if (ret < 0) + pr_err("vmstat: failed to register 'dead' hotplug state\n"); + + ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "mm/vmstat:online", + vmstat_cpu_online, + vmstat_cpu_down_prep); + if (ret < 0) + pr_err("vmstat: failed to register 'online' hotplug state\n"); + + cpus_read_lock(); + init_cpu_node_state(); + cpus_read_unlock(); + + start_shepherd_timer(); +#endif +#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS + proc_create_seq("buddyinfo", 0444, NULL, &fragmentation_op); + proc_create_seq("pagetypeinfo", 0400, NULL, &pagetypeinfo_op); + proc_create_seq("vmstat", 0444, NULL, &vmstat_op); + proc_create_seq("zoneinfo", 0444, NULL, &zoneinfo_op); +#endif +} + +#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) && defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION) + +/* + * Return an index indicating how much of the available free memory is + * unusable for an allocation of the requested size. + */ +static int unusable_free_index(unsigned int order, + struct contig_page_info *info) +{ + /* No free memory is interpreted as all free memory is unusable */ + if (info->free_pages == 0) + return 1000; + + /* + * Index should be a value between 0 and 1. Return a value to 3 + * decimal places. + * + * 0 => no fragmentation + * 1 => high fragmentation + */ + return div_u64((info->free_pages - (info->free_blocks_suitable << order)) * 1000ULL, info->free_pages); + +} + +static void unusable_show_print(struct seq_file *m, + pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) +{ + unsigned int order; + int index; + struct contig_page_info info; + + seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", + pgdat->node_id, + zone->name); + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; ++order) { + fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info); + index = unusable_free_index(order, &info); + seq_printf(m, "%d.%03d ", index / 1000, index % 1000); + } + + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +/* + * Display unusable free space index + * + * The unusable free space index measures how much of the available free + * memory cannot be used to satisfy an allocation of a given size and is a + * value between 0 and 1. The higher the value, the more of free memory is + * unusable and by implication, the worse the external fragmentation is. This + * can be expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100. + */ +static int unusable_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + /* check memoryless node */ + if (!node_state(pgdat->node_id, N_MEMORY)) + return 0; + + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, false, unusable_show_print); + + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations unusable_sops = { + .start = frag_start, + .next = frag_next, + .stop = frag_stop, + .show = unusable_show, +}; + +DEFINE_SEQ_ATTRIBUTE(unusable); + +static void extfrag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, + pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) +{ + unsigned int order; + int index; + + /* Alloc on stack as interrupts are disabled for zone walk */ + struct contig_page_info info; + + seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", + pgdat->node_id, + zone->name); + for (order = 0; order <= MAX_ORDER; ++order) { + fill_contig_page_info(zone, order, &info); + index = __fragmentation_index(order, &info); + seq_printf(m, "%2d.%03d ", index / 1000, index % 1000); + } + + seq_putc(m, '\n'); +} + +/* + * Display fragmentation index for orders that allocations would fail for + */ +static int extfrag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg; + + walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, true, false, extfrag_show_print); + + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations extfrag_sops = { + .start = frag_start, + .next = frag_next, + .stop = frag_stop, + .show = extfrag_show, +}; + +DEFINE_SEQ_ATTRIBUTE(extfrag); + +static int __init extfrag_debug_init(void) +{ + struct dentry *extfrag_debug_root; + + extfrag_debug_root = debugfs_create_dir("extfrag", NULL); + + debugfs_create_file("unusable_index", 0444, extfrag_debug_root, NULL, + &unusable_fops); + + debugfs_create_file("extfrag_index", 0444, extfrag_debug_root, NULL, + &extfrag_fops); + + return 0; +} + +module_init(extfrag_debug_init); +#endif |