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Diffstat (limited to 'mm/zbud.c')
-rw-r--r-- | mm/zbud.c | 455 |
1 files changed, 455 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/mm/zbud.c b/mm/zbud.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2190cc1f37 --- /dev/null +++ b/mm/zbud.c @@ -0,0 +1,455 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * zbud.c + * + * Copyright (C) 2013, Seth Jennings, IBM + * + * Concepts based on zcache internal zbud allocator by Dan Magenheimer. + * + * zbud is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. Contrary + * to what its name may suggest, zbud is not a buddy allocator, but rather an + * allocator that "buddies" two compressed pages together in a single memory + * page. + * + * While this design limits storage density, it has simple and deterministic + * reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher density approach when + * reclaim will be used. + * + * zbud works by storing compressed pages, or "zpages", together in pairs in a + * single memory page called a "zbud page". The first buddy is "left + * justified" at the beginning of the zbud page, and the last buddy is "right + * justified" at the end of the zbud page. The benefit is that if either + * buddy is freed, the freed buddy space, coalesced with whatever slack space + * that existed between the buddies, results in the largest possible free region + * within the zbud page. + * + * zbud also provides an attractive lower bound on density. The ratio of zpages + * to zbud pages can not be less than 1. This ensures that zbud can never "do + * harm" by using more pages to store zpages than the uncompressed zpages would + * have used on their own. + * + * zbud pages are divided into "chunks". The size of the chunks is fixed at + * compile time and determined by NCHUNKS_ORDER below. Dividing zbud pages + * into chunks allows organizing unbuddied zbud pages into a manageable number + * of unbuddied lists according to the number of free chunks available in the + * zbud page. + * + * The zbud API differs from that of conventional allocators in that the + * allocation function, zbud_alloc(), returns an opaque handle to the user, + * not a dereferenceable pointer. The user must map the handle using + * zbud_map() in order to get a usable pointer by which to access the + * allocation data and unmap the handle with zbud_unmap() when operations + * on the allocation data are complete. + */ + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/atomic.h> +#include <linux/list.h> +#include <linux/mm.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/preempt.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/spinlock.h> +#include <linux/zpool.h> + +/***************** + * Structures +*****************/ +/* + * NCHUNKS_ORDER determines the internal allocation granularity, effectively + * adjusting internal fragmentation. It also determines the number of + * freelists maintained in each pool. NCHUNKS_ORDER of 6 means that the + * allocation granularity will be in chunks of size PAGE_SIZE/64. As one chunk + * in allocated page is occupied by zbud header, NCHUNKS will be calculated to + * 63 which shows the max number of free chunks in zbud page, also there will be + * 63 freelists per pool. + */ +#define NCHUNKS_ORDER 6 + +#define CHUNK_SHIFT (PAGE_SHIFT - NCHUNKS_ORDER) +#define CHUNK_SIZE (1 << CHUNK_SHIFT) +#define ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED CHUNK_SIZE +#define NCHUNKS ((PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) >> CHUNK_SHIFT) + +struct zbud_pool; + +/** + * struct zbud_pool - stores metadata for each zbud pool + * @lock: protects all pool fields and first|last_chunk fields of any + * zbud page in the pool + * @unbuddied: array of lists tracking zbud pages that only contain one buddy; + * the lists each zbud page is added to depends on the size of + * its free region. + * @buddied: list tracking the zbud pages that contain two buddies; + * these zbud pages are full + * @pages_nr: number of zbud pages in the pool. + * + * This structure is allocated at pool creation time and maintains metadata + * pertaining to a particular zbud pool. + */ +struct zbud_pool { + spinlock_t lock; + union { + /* + * Reuse unbuddied[0] as buddied on the ground that + * unbuddied[0] is unused. + */ + struct list_head buddied; + struct list_head unbuddied[NCHUNKS]; + }; + u64 pages_nr; +}; + +/* + * struct zbud_header - zbud page metadata occupying the first chunk of each + * zbud page. + * @buddy: links the zbud page into the unbuddied/buddied lists in the pool + * @first_chunks: the size of the first buddy in chunks, 0 if free + * @last_chunks: the size of the last buddy in chunks, 0 if free + */ +struct zbud_header { + struct list_head buddy; + unsigned int first_chunks; + unsigned int last_chunks; +}; + +/***************** + * Helpers +*****************/ +/* Just to make the code easier to read */ +enum buddy { + FIRST, + LAST +}; + +/* Converts an allocation size in bytes to size in zbud chunks */ +static int size_to_chunks(size_t size) +{ + return (size + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) >> CHUNK_SHIFT; +} + +#define for_each_unbuddied_list(_iter, _begin) \ + for ((_iter) = (_begin); (_iter) < NCHUNKS; (_iter)++) + +/* Initializes the zbud header of a newly allocated zbud page */ +static struct zbud_header *init_zbud_page(struct page *page) +{ + struct zbud_header *zhdr = page_address(page); + zhdr->first_chunks = 0; + zhdr->last_chunks = 0; + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zhdr->buddy); + return zhdr; +} + +/* Resets the struct page fields and frees the page */ +static void free_zbud_page(struct zbud_header *zhdr) +{ + __free_page(virt_to_page(zhdr)); +} + +/* + * Encodes the handle of a particular buddy within a zbud page + * Pool lock should be held as this function accesses first|last_chunks + */ +static unsigned long encode_handle(struct zbud_header *zhdr, enum buddy bud) +{ + unsigned long handle; + + /* + * For now, the encoded handle is actually just the pointer to the data + * but this might not always be the case. A little information hiding. + * Add CHUNK_SIZE to the handle if it is the first allocation to jump + * over the zbud header in the first chunk. + */ + handle = (unsigned long)zhdr; + if (bud == FIRST) + /* skip over zbud header */ + handle += ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED; + else /* bud == LAST */ + handle += PAGE_SIZE - (zhdr->last_chunks << CHUNK_SHIFT); + return handle; +} + +/* Returns the zbud page where a given handle is stored */ +static struct zbud_header *handle_to_zbud_header(unsigned long handle) +{ + return (struct zbud_header *)(handle & PAGE_MASK); +} + +/* Returns the number of free chunks in a zbud page */ +static int num_free_chunks(struct zbud_header *zhdr) +{ + /* + * Rather than branch for different situations, just use the fact that + * free buddies have a length of zero to simplify everything. + */ + return NCHUNKS - zhdr->first_chunks - zhdr->last_chunks; +} + +/***************** + * API Functions +*****************/ +/** + * zbud_create_pool() - create a new zbud pool + * @gfp: gfp flags when allocating the zbud pool structure + * + * Return: pointer to the new zbud pool or NULL if the metadata allocation + * failed. + */ +static struct zbud_pool *zbud_create_pool(gfp_t gfp) +{ + struct zbud_pool *pool; + int i; + + pool = kzalloc(sizeof(struct zbud_pool), gfp); + if (!pool) + return NULL; + spin_lock_init(&pool->lock); + for_each_unbuddied_list(i, 0) + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->unbuddied[i]); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->buddied); + pool->pages_nr = 0; + return pool; +} + +/** + * zbud_destroy_pool() - destroys an existing zbud pool + * @pool: the zbud pool to be destroyed + * + * The pool should be emptied before this function is called. + */ +static void zbud_destroy_pool(struct zbud_pool *pool) +{ + kfree(pool); +} + +/** + * zbud_alloc() - allocates a region of a given size + * @pool: zbud pool from which to allocate + * @size: size in bytes of the desired allocation + * @gfp: gfp flags used if the pool needs to grow + * @handle: handle of the new allocation + * + * This function will attempt to find a free region in the pool large enough to + * satisfy the allocation request. A search of the unbuddied lists is + * performed first. If no suitable free region is found, then a new page is + * allocated and added to the pool to satisfy the request. + * + * gfp should not set __GFP_HIGHMEM as highmem pages cannot be used + * as zbud pool pages. + * + * Return: 0 if success and handle is set, otherwise -EINVAL if the size or + * gfp arguments are invalid or -ENOMEM if the pool was unable to allocate + * a new page. + */ +static int zbud_alloc(struct zbud_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t gfp, + unsigned long *handle) +{ + int chunks, i, freechunks; + struct zbud_header *zhdr = NULL; + enum buddy bud; + struct page *page; + + if (!size || (gfp & __GFP_HIGHMEM)) + return -EINVAL; + if (size > PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED - CHUNK_SIZE) + return -ENOSPC; + chunks = size_to_chunks(size); + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + + /* First, try to find an unbuddied zbud page. */ + for_each_unbuddied_list(i, chunks) { + if (!list_empty(&pool->unbuddied[i])) { + zhdr = list_first_entry(&pool->unbuddied[i], + struct zbud_header, buddy); + list_del(&zhdr->buddy); + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0) + bud = FIRST; + else + bud = LAST; + goto found; + } + } + + /* Couldn't find unbuddied zbud page, create new one */ + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + page = alloc_page(gfp); + if (!page) + return -ENOMEM; + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + pool->pages_nr++; + zhdr = init_zbud_page(page); + bud = FIRST; + +found: + if (bud == FIRST) + zhdr->first_chunks = chunks; + else + zhdr->last_chunks = chunks; + + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 || zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* Add to unbuddied list */ + freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr); + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->unbuddied[freechunks]); + } else { + /* Add to buddied list */ + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->buddied); + } + + *handle = encode_handle(zhdr, bud); + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); + + return 0; +} + +/** + * zbud_free() - frees the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resided + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation returned by zbud_alloc() + */ +static void zbud_free(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + struct zbud_header *zhdr; + int freechunks; + + spin_lock(&pool->lock); + zhdr = handle_to_zbud_header(handle); + + /* If first buddy, handle will be page aligned */ + if ((handle - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) & ~PAGE_MASK) + zhdr->last_chunks = 0; + else + zhdr->first_chunks = 0; + + /* Remove from existing buddy list */ + list_del(&zhdr->buddy); + + if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 && zhdr->last_chunks == 0) { + /* zbud page is empty, free */ + free_zbud_page(zhdr); + pool->pages_nr--; + } else { + /* Add to unbuddied list */ + freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr); + list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->unbuddied[freechunks]); + } + + spin_unlock(&pool->lock); +} + +/** + * zbud_map() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be mapped + * + * While trivial for zbud, the mapping functions for others allocators + * implementing this allocation API could have more complex information encoded + * in the handle and could create temporary mappings to make the data + * accessible to the user. + * + * Returns: a pointer to the mapped allocation + */ +static void *zbud_map(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + return (void *)(handle); +} + +/** + * zbud_unmap() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle + * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides + * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be unmapped + */ +static void zbud_unmap(struct zbud_pool *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ +} + +/** + * zbud_get_pool_size() - gets the zbud pool size in pages + * @pool: pool whose size is being queried + * + * Returns: size in pages of the given pool. The pool lock need not be + * taken to access pages_nr. + */ +static u64 zbud_get_pool_size(struct zbud_pool *pool) +{ + return pool->pages_nr; +} + +/***************** + * zpool + ****************/ + +static void *zbud_zpool_create(const char *name, gfp_t gfp) +{ + return zbud_create_pool(gfp); +} + +static void zbud_zpool_destroy(void *pool) +{ + zbud_destroy_pool(pool); +} + +static int zbud_zpool_malloc(void *pool, size_t size, gfp_t gfp, + unsigned long *handle) +{ + return zbud_alloc(pool, size, gfp, handle); +} +static void zbud_zpool_free(void *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + zbud_free(pool, handle); +} + +static void *zbud_zpool_map(void *pool, unsigned long handle, + enum zpool_mapmode mm) +{ + return zbud_map(pool, handle); +} +static void zbud_zpool_unmap(void *pool, unsigned long handle) +{ + zbud_unmap(pool, handle); +} + +static u64 zbud_zpool_total_size(void *pool) +{ + return zbud_get_pool_size(pool) * PAGE_SIZE; +} + +static struct zpool_driver zbud_zpool_driver = { + .type = "zbud", + .sleep_mapped = true, + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .create = zbud_zpool_create, + .destroy = zbud_zpool_destroy, + .malloc = zbud_zpool_malloc, + .free = zbud_zpool_free, + .map = zbud_zpool_map, + .unmap = zbud_zpool_unmap, + .total_size = zbud_zpool_total_size, +}; + +MODULE_ALIAS("zpool-zbud"); + +static int __init init_zbud(void) +{ + /* Make sure the zbud header will fit in one chunk */ + BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct zbud_header) > ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED); + pr_info("loaded\n"); + + zpool_register_driver(&zbud_zpool_driver); + + return 0; +} + +static void __exit exit_zbud(void) +{ + zpool_unregister_driver(&zbud_zpool_driver); + pr_info("unloaded\n"); +} + +module_init(init_zbud); +module_exit(exit_zbud); + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Buddy Allocator for Compressed Pages"); |