Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+# Contributing to the manpages-l10n project
+
+As described in the file README.md, the manpages-l10n project provides a
+suitable infrastructure for man page translations. Here we describe the
+workflow of fetching the upstream man pages, translating and finally publishing
+the translations.
+
+
+## Getting the upstream man pages
+
+We support multiple distributions. To get the upstream man pages, we maintain
+package lists for each distribution in
+upstream/*distribution_name*/packages.txt. Usually we download all the listed
+packages once or twice a month and unpack the man pages, using the script
+upstream/update-distribution-manpages.sh. This script puts also the links
+together so that they don't appear later as translatable files.
+
+Note: Sometimes it is needed to keep the version number of a package in the
+packages.txt files. In such cases, make sure that a package with that version
+number really exists in the distribution repositories. If it doesn't exist,
+nothing will be downloaded and the man pages of that package will vanish from
+the upstream/ directory and finally vanish from the appropriate translation
+templates. Currently this applies to some systemd* packages and sane-backends
+in Opensuse (both Tumbleweed and Leap) and openssl in Archlinux. Improvements
+of the script are welcome!
+
+To get an overview which man pages are available from the supported packages,
+but are still untranslated, the files
+upstream/*distribution_name*/untranslated.txt will be created. This includes
+only the man pages for which a template already exists, means: for which are
+.po files available from other languages. Therefore the list is incomplete.
+If you like to translate a certain man page, run the script
+`../create-new-translation.sh` from the po/*your_language* directory. If it
+succeeds, the appropriate man page already exists in at least one of the
+upstream directories, and the .po file and the corresponding template
+get created. If it fails, contact the manpages-l10n maintainer, giving some
+hints where the man page can be found (package name).
+
+
+## Creating the templates
+
+After updating the contents of upstream/*distribution_name*/man*, we create the
+templates. The script templates/update-all-templates.py updates the existing
+\*.pot files based on the new upstream man pages. You can run the script
+templates/generate-one-template.sh to generate a new or to update an existing
+template.
+
+
+## Updating the translations
+
+Run the command `../update-translations.sh` to update the existing \*.po files
+(ideally as `../update-translations.sh` from your language directory),
+based on the previously changed templates. Later you can run
+`../update-po.sh` to update a single .po file or
+`../update-translations.sh` to update all existing .po files again
+from the current templates and compendium files (see below for how to use the
+compendium).
+
+
+## Use consistent file headers
+
+The header of a .po file usually looks as follows:
+
+~~~
+# German translation of manpages
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
+# Copyright © of this file:
+# Mario Blättermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>, 2015.
+~~~
+
+The first three lines will be added automatically if they don't exist. But from
+the fourth line on, you must not write other lines than those with translator
+names, mail adresses and the copyright year. Otherwise, some of our scripts
+won't work properly. The script `../generate-manpage.sh`
+needs this for generate the addendum. The script `create-authors-file.sh` also
+reads translator names from there and would produce garbage if there are some
+additional lines.
+
+One exception: Comment lines starting with # FIXME will be ignored by the
+scripts. But maybe it is more useful to put such FIXMEs directly above the
+affected Gettext messages.
+
+*NOTE:* Lokalize in version 23.08.1 generates header lines in the following shape:
+~~~
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Mario Blättermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
+~~~
+This would lead to odd entries in the man page addendum and the file AUTHORS.md.
+You need to fix this line manually. Obviously this can't be fixed in the
+configuration of Lokalize. It has been filed as a bug:
+https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=475166
+
+## Git workflow for reviewed .po files
+
+After translating and reviewing a .po file (assuming you was using a copy of
+that file and haven't applied your changes directly in your local Git checkout),
+you should do the following steps:
+
+* Run `git pull` to get the latest changes from other submitters.
+* Verify your .po file with `msgfmt -vc`.
+* Put your .po file at the right place in the Git hierarchy (don't commit it for
+  the time being).
+* Run `git status` and/or `git diff` to see what would be changed.
+* Run the script `../update-po.sh` to merge your .po file
+  with the latest template and the messages from compendium. Now you should take
+  a look again at the .po file. If there's something wrong, fix it.
+* Commit your .po file. The command should look as follows:
+
+~~~
+git commit -a -m "[de] Update chown.1.po"
+~~~
+
+* To make it easier to distinguish between the different languages, prepend
+  [your_language_code] to the commit message.
+* Run `git push`. Normally, all should be fine after typing your SSH password.
+  But in some cases, another contributor has applied some changes in the
+  meantime. Then Git refuses the commit. Just run `git pull` first. This applies
+  the remote changes to your local repo and opens an editor where you can change
+  the commit message. In most cases, it is unneeded to change anything, just
+  close the editor (after saving the message, if needed).
+  
+  
+## Using the helper scripts
+
+Most of the helper scripts in po/ accept the `-h` switch to display a short help
+message. Usually the scripts are intended to be called from your language
+subdirectory, for example `cd po/de && ../format-po.sh`
+
+### Creating new translations
+
+The script `../create-new-translation.sh` creates a new .po
+file. This presupposes that the original Groff or Mdoc file already exists in
+upstream/man\* for at least one of our supported distributions. If not, try to
+figure out the name of the distribution package which contains that man page and
+contact [Mario Blättermann](mailto:mario.blaettermann@gmail.com) to get it into
+manpages-l10n. Besides the .po file creation, the script creates - if needed - a
+template and updates the compendium templates in templates/common/ and the compendium
+files for your language in po/*your_language_code*/common. The script never affects
+other languages than your own. Note: Remember to run `git add <file>`
+after you have created and/or updated the new file before you make the `git push` command.
+
+
+### Fill and use the compendium
+
+After reviewing and committing a .po file, you can run
+`../use-for-compendium.sh` to add the previously reviewed
+Gettext messages to your compendium. Example:
+`../use-for-compendium.sh man1/chown.1.po`. This makes sense if your .po file
+contains some messages which also appear in other .po files. The script
+recognizes messages with at least two occurences in our man page collection.
+Note, you always have to submit the relative path, a simple file name isn't
+sufficient.
+
+After adding the file to the compendium, you can write the changes back to all
+.po files with the command `../update-translations.sh`.
+
+It might happen that you encounter a Gettext message which is ambiguous and
+shouldn't be used for the compendium. In such cases, add the message to the file
+templates/exclude.pot, as follows:
+
+~~~
+msgid "I<source>"
+msgstr ""
+~~~
+
+Don't forget the empty `msgstr ""`, otherwise the update of the templates will
+fail next time! After adding the message, first run the script
+`templates/create-common-templates.sh`. This makes sure that the undesired
+message really vanishes from the compendium. After that, you should also run the
+script `../update-common.sh` (at least for your own language) to prevent other
+scripts like `../create-new-translation.sh` or `../update-po.sh` from
+using this Gettext message again. Although this procedure will be done for all
+supported languages during the next update from upstream packages, in the
+meantime it can happen that the mentioned scripts let the undesired messages
+reappear in your .po files.
+
+### Formatting \*.po files
+
+The script `../format-po.sh` formats all .po files of your
+language as `msgcat -w 80` would do; it wraps all lines at 80 characters.
+Besides that, the unused Gettext messages at the end of the .po files will be
+removed. Note, this script expects proper .po files; run
+`msgfmt -vc *your_po_file*` to make sure the file is properly formatted in terms
+of Gettext. Otherwise, the script can destroy a file completely and you need to
+revert the changes.
+
+
+### Generating translated man pages
+
+A single translated man page can be created with the command
+`../generate-manpage.sh *distribution_name* *your_po_file*`,
+for example (from your .po directory) `../generate-manpage.sh archlinux man1/chown.1.po`.
+This creates the man page in a subdirectory named »archlinux«. But you can also
+generate all man pages from the whole .po collection using the command
+`../generate-all-manpages.sh *distribution_name*`. All the
+generated man pages get an addendum, which consists of the translators names and
+mail addresses as found in the .po file headers, and a license declaration,
+taken from the file po/*your_language_code*/license.add.
+
+### Safety checks using git hooks
+
+Git hooks are a way to run scripts before or after specific steps.
+The `hooks` directory currently contains the `pre-commit` script, which will check the formatting of .po files about to be commited and abort the commit with an explanation in case some of these files are invalid.
+
+To 'install' this hook, run from the root folder of the project:
+
+~~~
+ln -s ../../hooks/pre-commit .git/hooks/pre-commit
+~~~
+
+### Automatic composing of [DONE] messages using git hooks
+
+Using the same git hook as above, it as also possible to enable the automatic composing of "[DONE]" messages to your l10n mailing list when you commit new translations.
+To enable this feature, follow the same instruction as above to activate the git hook, then create a configuration file using the template provided:
+
+~~~
+cp hooks/pre-commit.conf.template hooks/pre-commit.conf
+~~~
+
+Once the file _pre-commit.conf_ exists, just fill it with the required info.
+
+WARNING: this hook requires the curl package to be installed.
+
+## Get involved in the package management
+
+manpages-l10n has a multidistros purpose, thus would need to be released every
+3 months. If you want to help for this administrative tasks, here is what you need to do.
+
+First, you need to get the appropriate rights on the salsa repo.
+
+Next:
+* Search with grep for the current version number. You'll get some
+occurrences in 'configure', 'configure.ac', 'CHANGES.md' etc.
+(Don't bother with the version numbers in .po file headers)
+
+~~~
+grep '^AC_INIT' configure.ac | sed 's/.*\[\(.*\)\].*/\1/'
+grep '^##' CHANGES.md | head -n1
+~~~
+
+* Replace the old version number with the new one in configure.ac
+* Write an appropriate entry in CHANGES.md.
+* Run 'autoreconf'
+* Commit and push the changes.
+
+* Create the appropriate tag:
+** In the web interface, click on Tags In the tag overview, click on 'New tag'
+and fill with the new release number, let empty the field "create from master"
+Message: Release XXX
+
+** In commandline:
+~~~
+git tag -a -m 'Release 4.2.0' v4.2.0
+~~~
+
+replace with the appropriate release number
+"-a" for annotation, commonly used for releases
+(https://git-scm.com/docs/git-tag)
+
+"-m " is the message you mentioned
+
+"v4.2.0" is the tag name
+
+Once the pipline completed, do the release in the web interface under
+Deploy → Releases. Use the 'Release 4.21.0' and add the changelog
+into the form.
+
+That's all. Users and downstream packagers can now download the
+tarball from the known location.