diff options
author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-15 19:43:11 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-15 19:43:11 +0000 |
commit | fc22b3d6507c6745911b9dfcc68f1e665ae13dbc (patch) | |
tree | ce1e3bce06471410239a6f41282e328770aa404a /po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po | |
parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
download | manpages-l10n-fc22b3d6507c6745911b9dfcc68f1e665ae13dbc.tar.xz manpages-l10n-fc22b3d6507c6745911b9dfcc68f1e665ae13dbc.zip |
Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po')
-rw-r--r-- | po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po | 803 |
1 files changed, 803 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po b/po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2353ca37 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/fr/man7/pid_namespaces.7.po @@ -0,0 +1,803 @@ +# French translation of manpages +# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package. +# Copyright © of this file: +# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003. +# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002. +# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999, 2002. +# François Micaux, 2002. +# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008. +# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006. +# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007. +# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007. +# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008. +# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008. +# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010. +# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006, 2013. +# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006, 2010. +# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010, 2012, 2013. +# Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com>, 2011, 2012. +# Frédéric Hantrais <fhantrais@gmail.com>, 2013, 2014. +# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2021. +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: perkamon\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:03+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-20 09:04+0100\n" +"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n" +"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" +"X-Generator: vim\n" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy, no-wrap +#| msgid "See B<pid_namespaces>(7)." +msgid "pid_namespaces" +msgstr "Consultez B<pid_namespaces>(7)." + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-10-31" +msgstr "31 octobre 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "NAME" +msgstr "NOM" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "pid_namespaces - overview of Linux PID namespaces" +msgstr "" +"pid_namespaces - Présentation des espaces de noms d'identifiants de " +"processus (ou PID) sous Linux" + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "DESCRIPTION" +msgstr "DESCRIPTION" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "For an overview of namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)." +msgstr "" +"Pour une présentation générale des espaces de noms, consultez " +"B<namespaces>(7)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"PID namespaces isolate the process ID number space, meaning that processes " +"in different PID namespaces can have the same PID. PID namespaces allow " +"containers to provide functionality such as suspending/resuming the set of " +"processes in the container and migrating the container to a new host while " +"the processes inside the container maintain the same PIDs." +msgstr "" +"Les espaces de noms PID isolent les espaces de numéros d'identifiants de " +"processus, ce qui signifie que des processus de différents espaces de noms " +"PID peuvent avoir le même PID. Les espaces de noms PID permettent aux " +"conteneurs de fournir des possibilités telles que la suspension et la " +"reprise de l’ensemble des processus d’un conteneur et la migration du " +"conteneur vers un nouvel hôte tout en permettant aux processus du conteneur " +"de conserver leurs PID." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"PIDs in a new PID namespace start at 1, somewhat like a standalone system, " +"and calls to B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2), or B<clone>(2) will produce processes " +"with PIDs that are unique within the namespace." +msgstr "" +"Dans un nouvel espace de noms PID, la numérotation commence à 1 comme pour " +"un système autonome et les appels à B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2) ou B<clone>(2) " +"génèrent des identifiants de processus uniques dans l'espace de noms PID." + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Use of PID namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the " +"B<CONFIG_PID_NS> option." +msgstr "" +"Le noyau doit avoir été configuré avec l'option B<CONFIG_PID_NS> pour " +"permettre l'utilisation des espaces noms PID." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "The namespace init process" +msgstr "Le processus d'initialisation (init) de l'espace de noms" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The first process created in a new namespace (i.e., the process created " +"using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag, or the first child created " +"by a process after a call to B<unshare>(2) using the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag) " +"has the PID 1, and is the \"init\" process for the namespace (see " +"B<init>(1)). This process becomes the parent of any child processes that " +"are orphaned because a process that resides in this PID namespace terminated " +"(see below for further details)." +msgstr "" +"Le premier processus créé dans un nouvel espace de noms (c'est-à-dire le " +"processus créé par B<clone>(2) avec l'attribut B<CLONE_NEWPID> ou le premier " +"processus enfant créé après un appel à B<unshare>(2) avec l'attribut " +"B<CLONE_NEWPID>) a pour PID 1. Il est le processus « init » pour l'espace de " +"noms (consultez B<init>(1)). Ce processus devient le parent pour n’importe " +"quel processus enfant qui devient orphelin parce qu’un processus résidant " +"dans cet espace de noms PID se termine (voir ci-après pour plus de détails)." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "If the \"init\" process of a PID namespace terminates, the kernel " +#| "terminates all of the processes in the namespace via a B<SIGKILL> " +#| "signal. This behavior reflects the fact that the \"init\" process is " +#| "essential for the correct operation of a PID namespace. In this case, a " +#| "subsequent B<fork>(2) into this PID namespace fail with the error " +#| "B<ENOMEM>; it is not possible to create a new process in a PID namespace " +#| "whose \"init\" process has terminated. Such scenarios can occur when, " +#| "for example, a process uses an open file descriptor for a I</proc/[pid]/" +#| "ns/pid> file corresponding to a process that was in a namespace to " +#| "B<setns>(2) into that namespace after the \"init\" process has " +#| "terminated. Another possible scenario can occur after a call to " +#| "B<unshare>(2): if the first child subsequently created by a B<fork>(2) " +#| "terminates, then subsequent calls to B<fork>(2) fail with B<ENOMEM>." +msgid "" +"If the \"init\" process of a PID namespace terminates, the kernel terminates " +"all of the processes in the namespace via a B<SIGKILL> signal. This " +"behavior reflects the fact that the \"init\" process is essential for the " +"correct operation of a PID namespace. In this case, a subsequent " +"B<fork>(2) into this PID namespace fail with the error B<ENOMEM>; it is not " +"possible to create a new process in a PID namespace whose \"init\" process " +"has terminated. Such scenarios can occur when, for example, a process uses " +"an open file descriptor for a I</proc/>pidI</ns/pid> file corresponding to a " +"process that was in a namespace to B<setns>(2) into that namespace after " +"the \"init\" process has terminated. Another possible scenario can occur " +"after a call to B<unshare>(2): if the first child subsequently created by a " +"B<fork>(2) terminates, then subsequent calls to B<fork>(2) fail with " +"B<ENOMEM>." +msgstr "" +"Si le processus « init » d'un espace de noms PID se termine, le noyau tue " +"tous les processus de cet espace de noms au moyen du signal B<SIGKILL>. Ce " +"comportement illustre le fait que le processus « init » est essentiel au bon " +"fonctionnement de l'espace de noms PID. Dans ce cas, une commande B<fork>(2) " +"ultérieure dans cet espace de noms PID échouera en renvoyant l'erreur " +"B<ENOMEM>. Il n'est plus possible de créer des processus dans un espace de " +"noms PID dont le processus « init » est terminé. Cela peut, par exemple, se " +"produire lorsqu'un processus utilise un descripteur de fichier ouvert pour " +"un fichier I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid> correspondant à un processus d'un espace de " +"noms pour une réassociation (B<setns>(2)) dans cet espace de noms après que " +"le processus « init » soit terminé. Un autre scénario est possible après un " +"appel à B<unshare>(2) : si le premier enfant créé par un appel à B<fork>(2) " +"se termine, alors les appels ultérieurs à B<fork>(2) échoueront en renvoyant " +"l'erreur B<ENOMEM>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Only signals for which the \"init\" process has established a signal handler " +"can be sent to the \"init\" process by other members of the PID namespace. " +"This restriction applies even to privileged processes, and prevents other " +"members of the PID namespace from accidentally killing the \"init\" process." +msgstr "" +"Seuls les signaux pour lesquels le processus « init » a défini un " +"gestionnaire de signal peuvent être envoyés au processus « init » par les " +"autres processus de l'espace de noms PID. Cette règle s'applique également " +"aux processus disposant de privilèges et permet d'éviter qu'un processus " +"membre de l'espace de noms PID ne tue accidentellement le processus « init »." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Likewise, a process in an ancestor namespace can\\(emsubject to the usual " +#| "permission checks described in B<kill>(2)\\(emsend signals to the " +#| "\"init\" process of a child PID namespace only if the \"init\" process " +#| "has established a handler for that signal. (Within the handler, the " +#| "I<siginfo_t> I<si_pid> field described in B<sigaction>(2) will be " +#| "zero.) B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> are treated exceptionally: these signals " +#| "are forcibly delivered when sent from an ancestor PID namespace. Neither " +#| "of these signals can be caught by the \"init\" process, and so will " +#| "result in the usual actions associated with those signals (respectively, " +#| "terminating and stopping the process)." +msgid "" +"Likewise, a process in an ancestor namespace can\\[em]subject to the usual " +"permission checks described in B<kill>(2)\\[em]send signals to the \"init\" " +"process of a child PID namespace only if the \"init\" process has " +"established a handler for that signal. (Within the handler, the " +"I<siginfo_t> I<si_pid> field described in B<sigaction>(2) will be zero.) " +"B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> are treated exceptionally: these signals are " +"forcibly delivered when sent from an ancestor PID namespace. Neither of " +"these signals can be caught by the \"init\" process, and so will result in " +"the usual actions associated with those signals (respectively, terminating " +"and stopping the process)." +msgstr "" +"De même, un processus d'un espace ancêtre peut \\(em en tenant compte des " +"vérifications de droits habituelles décrites dans B<kill>(2) \\(em envoyer " +"des signaux au processus « init » d’un espace de noms enfant, à la condition " +"que le processus « init » ait établi un gestionnaire pour ce signal. Le " +"champ I<si_pid> de I<siginfo_t> décrit dans B<sigaction>(2) pour ce " +"gestionnaire vaudra zéro. B<SIGKILL> et B<SIGSTOP> font figure d'exception : " +"ces signaux seront appliqués « de force » lorsqu'ils sont émis depuis un " +"espace de noms PID ancêtre. Ces signaux ne peuvent pas être interceptés par " +"le processus « init » et les actions associées à ces processus seront " +"exécutées (respectivement, tuer ou suspendre l'exécution du processus)." + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Starting with Linux 3.4, the B<reboot>(2) system call causes a signal to be " +"sent to the namespace \"init\" process. See B<reboot>(2) for more details." +msgstr "" +"Depuis Linux 3.4, l’appel système B<reboot>(2) déclenche l'envoi d'un signal " +"aux processus « init » des espaces de noms. Consultez B<reboot>(2) pour " +"obtenir plus d'informations." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Nesting PID namespaces" +msgstr "Imbrication des espaces de noms PID" + +#. commit f2302505775fd13ba93f034206f1e2a587017929 +#. The kernel constant MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"PID namespaces can be nested: each PID namespace has a parent, except for " +"the initial (\"root\") PID namespace. The parent of a PID namespace is the " +"PID namespace of the process that created the namespace using B<clone>(2) " +"or B<unshare>(2). PID namespaces thus form a tree, with all namespaces " +"ultimately tracing their ancestry to the root namespace. Since Linux 3.7, " +"the kernel limits the maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces to 32." +msgstr "" +"Les espaces de noms PID peuvent être imbriqués : tous les espaces de noms " +"PID ont un parent, sauf l'espace de noms PID initial (« root »). Le parent " +"d'un espace de noms PID est l'espace de noms PID du processus qui a créé " +"l'espace de noms à l’aide de B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2). Les espaces de " +"noms PID forment donc une arborescence dans laquelle chaque espace de noms " +"peut remonter jusqu'à l'espace « root ». Depuis Linux 3.7, le noyau limite " +"la profondeur maximale d’imbrication pour les espace de noms PID à 32." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A process is visible to other processes in its PID namespace, and to the " +"processes in each direct ancestor PID namespace going back to the root PID " +"namespace. In this context, \"visible\" means that one process can be the " +"target of operations by another process using system calls that specify a " +"process ID. Conversely, the processes in a child PID namespace can't see " +"processes in the parent and further removed ancestor namespaces. More " +"succinctly: a process can see (e.g., send signals with B<kill>(2), set nice " +"values with B<setpriority>(2), etc.) only processes contained in its own PID " +"namespace and in descendants of that namespace." +msgstr "" +"Un processus est visible de tous les processus de son espace de noms PID, et " +"de tous les processus des espaces de noms PID ancêtres qui le séparent de " +"l'espace PID « root ». Ici, on entend par « visible » qu'un autre processus " +"peut être la cible d’opérations d’un autre processus utilisant des appels " +"système qui précisent l’ID du processus. Inversement, les processus d'un " +"espace de noms PID enfant ne peuvent pas voir les processus de l’espace " +"parent et des espaces de noms ancêtre éloignés. En résumé, un processus peut " +"seulement voir (c'est-à-dire envoyer des signaux avec B<kill>(2), définir " +"des valeurs de courtoisie avec B<setpriority>(2), etc.) les processus de son " +"propre espace de noms PID et des espaces de noms de sa descendance." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"A process has one process ID in each of the layers of the PID namespace " +"hierarchy in which is visible, and walking back though each direct ancestor " +"namespace through to the root PID namespace. System calls that operate on " +"process IDs always operate using the process ID that is visible in the PID " +"namespace of the caller. A call to B<getpid>(2) always returns the PID " +"associated with the namespace in which the process was created." +msgstr "" +"Un processus a un identifiant dans chaque niveau de la hiérarchie des " +"espaces de noms PID dans lequel il est visible, et ce en remontant chaque " +"espace de noms ancêtre jusqu'à l'espace de noms PID « root ». Les appels " +"système qui s'exécutent sur des identifiants de processus s'appliquent à " +"l'identifiant du processus qui est visible dans l’espace de noms PID de " +"l'appelant. Un appel à B<getpid>(2) renvoie toujours le PID associé à " +"l'espace de noms dans lequel le processus a été créé." + +# +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Some processes in a PID namespace may have parents that are outside of the " +"namespace. For example, the parent of the initial process in the namespace " +"(i.e., the B<init>(1) process with PID 1) is necessarily in another " +"namespace. Likewise, the direct children of a process that uses " +"B<setns>(2) to cause its children to join a PID namespace are in a " +"different PID namespace from the caller of B<setns>(2). Calls to " +"B<getppid>(2) for such processes return 0." +msgstr "" +"Certains processus d'un espace de noms PID peuvent avoir des parents en " +"dehors de cet espace. Par exemple, le parent du processus initial de " +"l'espace de noms (B<init>(1), processus dont le PID est 1) se trouve " +"forcément en dehors de cet espace. De même, l’enfant direct d'un processus " +"qui a invoqué B<setns>(2) pour que son enfant rejoigne un espace de noms " +"PID, se trouve dans un espace de noms PID différent de celui de l'appelant à " +"B<setns>(2). Les appels à B<getppid>(2) pour de tels processus " +"renvoient B<0>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"While processes may freely descend into child PID namespaces (e.g., using " +"B<setns>(2) with a PID namespace file descriptor), they may not move in the " +"other direction. That is to say, processes may not enter any ancestor " +"namespaces (parent, grandparent, etc.). Changing PID namespaces is a one-" +"way operation." +msgstr "" +"Alors que les processus peuvent descendre librement dans les espaces de noms " +"enfant (par exemple, en utilisant B<setns>(2) avec un descripteur de fichier " +"d’espace de noms PID), ils ne peuvent pas se déplacer dans l’autre " +"direction. Cela veut dire que les processus ne peuvent entrer dans aucun " +"espace de noms ancêtre (parent, grand-parent, etc.). La modification " +"d’espace de noms PID est une opération à sens unique." + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"The B<NS_GET_PARENT> B<ioctl>(2) operation can be used to discover the " +"parental relationship between PID namespaces; see B<ioctl_ns>(2)." +msgstr "" +"L’opération B<NS_GET_PARENT> d’B<ioctl>(2) peut être utilisée pour découvrir " +"la relation parentale entre les espaces de noms PID. Consultez " +"B<ioctl_ns>(2)." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "setns(2) and unshare(2) semantics" +msgstr "Sémantiques de setns(2) et de unshare(2) " + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Calls to B<setns>(2) that specify a PID namespace file descriptor and " +#| "calls to B<unshare>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag cause children " +#| "subsequently created by the caller to be placed in a different PID " +#| "namespace from the caller. (Since Linux 4.12, that PID namespace is " +#| "shown via the I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children> file, as described in " +#| "B<namespaces>(7).) These calls do not, however, change the PID namespace " +#| "of the calling process, because doing so would change the caller's idea " +#| "of its own PID (as reported by B<getpid>()), which would break many " +#| "applications and libraries." +msgid "" +"Calls to B<setns>(2) that specify a PID namespace file descriptor and calls " +"to B<unshare>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag cause children subsequently " +"created by the caller to be placed in a different PID namespace from the " +"caller. (Since Linux 4.12, that PID namespace is shown via the I</proc/" +">pidI</ns/pid_for_children> file, as described in B<namespaces>(7).) These " +"calls do not, however, change the PID namespace of the calling process, " +"because doing so would change the caller's idea of its own PID (as reported " +"by B<getpid>()), which would break many applications and libraries." +msgstr "" +"Les appels à B<setns>(2) qui indiquent un descripteur de fichier d'un espace " +"de noms PID et les appels à B<unshare>(2) avec l'attribut B<CLONE_NEWPID> " +"font que les processus enfant qui seront créés par la suite seront placés " +"dans un espace de noms PID différent de celui de l'appelant. Depuis " +"Linux 4.12, cet espace de noms PID est affiché à l’aide du fichier I</proc/" +"[pid]/ns/pid_for_children>, comme décrit dans B<namespaces>(7). Cependant, " +"ces appels ne changent pas l’espace de noms PID du processus appelant, parce " +"que le faire modifierait la perception par l'appelant de son propre PID " +"(comme indiqué dans B<getpid>()), cassant de nombreuses applications et " +"bibliothèques." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"To put things another way: a process's PID namespace membership is " +"determined when the process is created and cannot be changed thereafter. " +"Among other things, this means that the parental relationship between " +"processes mirrors the parental relationship between PID namespaces: the " +"parent of a process is either in the same namespace or resides in the " +"immediate parent PID namespace." +msgstr "" +"Pour présenter les choses différemment, l'appartenance d'un processus à un " +"espace de noms PID est déterminée lors de la création du processus et ne " +"peut plus être changée ensuite. Cela signifie que la relation parent-enfant " +"entre processus reproduit la relation parentale entre des espaces de noms " +"PID : le parent d'un processus est soit dans le même espace de noms, soit " +"dans l'espace de noms PID du parent immédiat." + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A process may call B<unshare>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag only " +#| "once. After it has performed this operation, its I</proc/PID/ns/" +#| "pid_for_children> symbolic link will be empty until the first child is " +#| "created in the namespace." +msgid "" +"A process may call B<unshare>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag only once. " +"After it has performed this operation, its I</proc/>pidI</ns/" +"pid_for_children> symbolic link will be empty until the first child is " +"created in the namespace." +msgstr "" +"Un processus peut appeler B<unshare>(2) avec l’indicateur B<CLONE_NEWPID> " +"seulement une fois. Après avoir réalisé cette opération, son lien symbolique " +"I</proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children> sera vide jusqu’à la création du premier " +"enfant dans l’espace de noms." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Adoption of orphaned children" +msgstr "Adoption d’un enfant orphelin" + +#. Furthermore, by definition, the parent of the "init" process +#. of a PID namespace resides in the parent PID namespace. +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When a child process becomes orphaned, it is reparented to the \"init\" " +"process in the PID namespace of its parent (unless one of the nearer " +"ancestors of the parent employed the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> " +"command to mark itself as the reaper of orphaned descendant processes). " +"Note that because of the B<setns>(2) and B<unshare>(2) semantics described " +"above, this may be the \"init\" process in the PID namespace that is the " +"I<parent> of the child's PID namespace, rather than the \"init\" process in " +"the child's own PID namespace." +msgstr "" +"Quand un processus enfant devient orphelin, il est réapparenté au processus " +"« init » dans l’espace de noms PID de son parent (sinon un des ancêtres les " +"plus proches du parent employé dans la commande B<PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> de " +"B<prctl>(2) pour être marqué comme le récupérateur des processus de " +"descendants orphelins). Il est à noter qu’à cause des sémantiques de " +"B<setns>(2) et B<unshare>(2) décrites ci-dessus, cela peut être le processus " +"« init » dans l’espace de noms PID qui est le I<parent> de l’espace de noms " +"PID de l’enfant, plutôt que le processus « init » dans le propre espace de " +"noms PID de l’enfant." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Compatibility of CLONE_NEWPID with other CLONE_* flags" +msgstr "Compatibilité de CLONE_NEWPID avec les autres attributs CLONE_*" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In current versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> can't be combined with " +#| "B<CLONE_THREAD>. Threads are required to be in the same PID namespace " +#| "such that the threads in a process can send signals to each other. " +#| "Similarly, it must be possible to see all of the threads of a processes " +#| "in the B<proc>(5) filesystem. Additionally, if two threads were in " +#| "different PID namespaces, the process ID of the process sending a signal " +#| "could not be meaningfully encoded when a signal is sent (see the " +#| "description of the I<siginfo_t> type in B<sigaction>(2)). Since this is " +#| "computed when a signal is enqueued, a signal queue shared by processes in " +#| "multiple PID namespaces would defeat that." +msgid "" +"In current versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> can't be combined with " +"B<CLONE_THREAD>. Threads are required to be in the same PID namespace such " +"that the threads in a process can send signals to each other. Similarly, it " +"must be possible to see all of the threads of a process in the B<proc>(5) " +"filesystem. Additionally, if two threads were in different PID namespaces, " +"the process ID of the process sending a signal could not be meaningfully " +"encoded when a signal is sent (see the description of the I<siginfo_t> type " +"in B<sigaction>(2)). Since this is computed when a signal is enqueued, a " +"signal queue shared by processes in multiple PID namespaces would defeat " +"that." +msgstr "" +"Dans les versions actuelles de Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> ne peut pas être " +"combiné avec B<CLONE_THREAD>. Les threads doivent être dans le même espace " +"de noms PID de telle façon que les threads puissent s’envoyer des signaux " +"les uns aux autres. De la même façon, il doit être possible de voir tous les " +"threads d’un processus dans le système de fichiers B<proc>(5). De plus, si " +"deux threads étaient dans des espaces de noms PID différents, l’ID de " +"processus du processus envoyant un signal ne pourrait pas être encodé " +"judicieusement lors de l’envoi d’un signal (consultez la description du type " +"I<siginfo_t> dans B<sigaction>(2)). Puisque que cela a du sens lorsqu'un " +"signal est mis en file d’attente, une file de signaux partagée par des " +"processus dans plusieurs espaces de noms PID irait à l’encontre de cela." + +# +#. Note these restrictions were all introduced in +#. 8382fcac1b813ad0a4e68a838fc7ae93fa39eda0 +#. when CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_VM was disallowed +#. (restriction lifted in faf00da544045fdc1454f3b9e6d7f65c841de302) +#. (restriction lifted in e79f525e99b04390ca4d2366309545a836c03bf1) +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"In earlier versions of Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> was additionally disallowed " +"(failing with the error B<EINVAL>) in combination with B<CLONE_SIGHAND> " +"(before Linux 4.3) as well as B<CLONE_VM> (before Linux 3.12). The changes " +"that lifted these restrictions have also been ported to earlier stable " +"kernels." +msgstr "" +"De plus dans les premières versions de Linux, B<CLONE_NEWPID> n’était pas " +"autorisé (échouant avec l’erreur B<EINVAL>) en combinaison avec " +"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> (avant Linux 4.3) ainsi que B<CLONE_VM> (avant Linux 3.12). " +"Les modifications qui ont apporté ces restrictions ont été aussi portées sur " +"les précédents noyaux stables." + +# +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "/proc and PID namespaces" +msgstr "/proc et espaces de noms PID" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A I</proc> filesystem shows (in the I</proc/[pid]> directories) only " +#| "processes visible in the PID namespace of the process that performed the " +#| "mount, even if the I</proc> filesystem is viewed from processes in other " +#| "namespaces." +msgid "" +"A I</proc> filesystem shows (in the I</proc/>pid directories) only processes " +"visible in the PID namespace of the process that performed the mount, even " +"if the I</proc> filesystem is viewed from processes in other namespaces." +msgstr "" +"Un système de fichiers I</proc> ne présente (dans les répertoires I</proc/" +"[pid]>) que les processus visibles dans l'espace de noms PID du processus " +"qui a effectué le montage, même si le système de fichiers I</proc> est vu " +"par des processus appartenant à d'autres espaces de noms." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"After creating a new PID namespace, it is useful for the child to change its " +"root directory and mount a new procfs instance at I</proc> so that tools " +"such as B<ps>(1) work correctly. If a new mount namespace is " +"simultaneously created by including B<CLONE_NEWNS> in the I<flags> argument " +"of B<clone>(2) or B<unshare>(2), then it isn't necessary to change the root " +"directory: a new procfs instance can be mounted directly over I</proc>." +msgstr "" +"Après la création d'un nouvel espace de noms PID, un enfant peut avoir " +"intérêt à changer son répertoire racine et à monter une nouvelle instance " +"procfs sur I</proc> afin d'assurer que des commandes comme B<ps>(1) " +"fonctionneront correctement. Si un nouvel espace de noms montage est créé " +"simultanément en invoquant B<clone>(2) ou B<unshare>(2) avec l'argument " +"B<CLONE_NEWNS>, il n'est alors pas nécessaire de changer le répertoire " +"racine : une nouvelle instance procfs peut être montée directement dans I</" +"proc>." + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "From a shell, the command to mount I</proc> is:" +msgstr "" +"Depuis un interpréteur de commandes, la commande permettant de monter I</" +"proc> est :" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "$ mount -t proc proc /proc\n" +msgstr "$ mount -t proc proc /proc\n" + +# +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"Calling B<readlink>(2) on the path I</proc/self> yields the process ID of " +"the caller in the PID namespace of the procfs mount (i.e., the PID namespace " +"of the process that mounted the procfs). This can be useful for " +"introspection purposes, when a process wants to discover its PID in other " +"namespaces." +msgstr "" +"L'appel de B<readlink>(2) appliqué au chemin I</proc/self> affiche les " +"identifiants des processus de l'appelant dans l'espace de noms PID du " +"montage procfs (c'est-à-dire l'espace de noms PID du processus qui a monté " +"procfs). Cela peut être utile lorsque qu'un processus a besoin de connaître " +"son PID dans un autre espace de noms. " + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "/proc files" +msgstr "Fichiers /proc" + +#. type: TP +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "B</proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid> (since Linux 3.3)" +msgstr "I</proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid> (depuis Linux 3.3)" + +#. commit b8f566b04d3cddd192cfd2418ae6d54ac6353792 +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This file (which is virtualized per PID namespace) displays the last PID " +"that was allocated in this PID namespace. When the next PID is allocated, " +"the kernel will search for the lowest unallocated PID that is greater than " +"this value, and when this file is subsequently read it will show that PID." +msgstr "" +"Ce fichier (virtualisé par espace de noms PID) affiche le dernier PID qui a " +"été alloué dans cet espace de noms PID. Quand le prochain PID est alloué, le " +"noyau recherchera le plus petit PID non alloué qui est supérieur à cette " +"valeur, et quand ce fichier est lu ultérieurement, il affiche ce PID." + +# +#. This ability is necessary to support checkpoint restore in user-space +#. ============================================================ +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"This file is writable by a process that has the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> or (since " +"Linux 5.9) B<CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> capability inside the user namespace " +"that owns the PID namespace. This makes it possible to determine the PID " +"that is allocated to the next process that is created inside this PID " +"namespace." +msgstr "" +"Un processus peut écrire sur ce fichier s’il a la capacité B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> " +"ou (depuis Linux 5.9) B<CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> à l’intérieur de l’espace de " +"noms utilisateur qui possède l’espace de noms PID. Cela rend possible de " +"déterminer le PID qui est alloué au prochain processus créé dans cet espace " +"de noms PID." + +#. type: SS +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Miscellaneous" +msgstr "Divers" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"When a process ID is passed over a UNIX domain socket to a process in a " +"different PID namespace (see the description of B<SCM_CREDENTIALS> in " +"B<unix>(7)), it is translated into the corresponding PID value in the " +"receiving process's PID namespace." +msgstr "" +"Lorsqu'un identifiant de processus est transmis à l’aide d’un socket de " +"domaine UNIX à un processus d'un autre espace de noms PID (consultez " +"B<SCM_CREDENTIALS> dans B<unix>(7)), il est transformé pour devenir le PID " +"correspondant dans l'espace de noms PID du processus recevant. " + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "STANDARDS" +msgstr "STANDARDS" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "Linux." +msgstr "Linux." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "EXAMPLES" +msgstr "EXEMPLES" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "See B<user_namespaces>(7)." +msgstr "Consulter B<user_namespaces>(7)." + +#. type: SH +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "SEE ALSO" +msgstr "VOIR AUSSI" + +#. type: Plain text +#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide +#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +msgid "" +"B<clone>(2), B<reboot>(2), B<setns>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), " +"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<mount_namespaces>(7), " +"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<switch_root>(8)" +msgstr "" +"B<clone>(2), B<reboot>(2), B<setns>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<proc>(5), " +"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<mount_namespaces>(7), " +"B<namespaces>(7), B<user_namespaces>(7), B<switch_root>(8)" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-02-05" +msgstr "5 février 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-bookworm +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03" + +#. type: Plain text +#: debian-bookworm +msgid "Namespaces are a Linux-specific feature." +msgstr "Les espaces de noms sont propres à Linux." + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "2023-03-30" +msgstr "30 mars 2023" + +#. type: TH +#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01" + +#. type: TH +#: opensuse-leap-15-6 +#, no-wrap +msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04" +msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04" |