Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2109 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/templates/man7/inotify.7.pot b/templates/man7/inotify.7.pot
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c1a84d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/man7/inotify.7.pot
@@ -0,0 +1,2109 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 16:58+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: TH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "inotify"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2023-10-31"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "inotify - monitoring filesystem events"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The I<inotify> API provides a mechanism for monitoring filesystem events.  "
+"Inotify can be used to monitor individual files, or to monitor directories.  "
+"When a directory is monitored, inotify will return events for the directory "
+"itself, and for files inside the directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "The following system calls are used with this API:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: IP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "\\[bu]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"B<inotify_init>(2)  creates an inotify instance and returns a file "
+"descriptor referring to the inotify instance.  The more recent "
+"B<inotify_init1>(2)  is like B<inotify_init>(2), but has a I<flags> argument "
+"that provides access to some extra functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  manipulates the \"watch list\" associated with an "
+"inotify instance.  Each item (\"watch\") in the watch list specifies the "
+"pathname of a file or directory, along with some set of events that the "
+"kernel should monitor for the file referred to by that pathname.  "
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  either creates a new watch item, or modifies an "
+"existing watch.  Each watch has a unique \"watch descriptor\", an integer "
+"returned by B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  when the watch is created."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"When events occur for monitored files and directories, those events are made "
+"available to the application as structured data that can be read from the "
+"inotify file descriptor using B<read>(2)  (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "B<inotify_rm_watch>(2)  removes an item from an inotify watch list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"When all file descriptors referring to an inotify instance have been closed "
+"(using B<close>(2)), the underlying object and its resources are freed for "
+"reuse by the kernel; all associated watches are automatically freed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"With careful programming, an application can use inotify to efficiently "
+"monitor and cache the state of a set of filesystem objects.  However, robust "
+"applications should allow for the fact that bugs in the monitoring logic or "
+"races of the kind described below may leave the cache inconsistent with the "
+"filesystem state.  It is probably wise to do some consistency checking, and "
+"rebuild the cache when inconsistencies are detected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Reading events from an inotify file descriptor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"To determine what events have occurred, an application B<read>(2)s from the "
+"inotify file descriptor.  If no events have so far occurred, then, assuming "
+"a blocking file descriptor, B<read>(2)  will block until at least one event "
+"occurs (unless interrupted by a signal, in which case the call fails with "
+"the error B<EINTR>; see B<signal>(7))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Each successful B<read>(2)  returns a buffer containing one or more of the "
+"following structures:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. #-#-#-#-#  archlinux: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  debian-bookworm: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  debian-unstable: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  fedora-40: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  fedora-rawhide: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  mageia-cauldron: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  opensuse-leap-15-6: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#. #-#-#-#-#  opensuse-tumbleweed: inotify.7.pot (PACKAGE VERSION)  #-#-#-#-#
+#.  FIXME . The type of the 'wd' field should probably be "int32_t".
+#.  I submitted a patch to fix this.  See the LKML thread
+#.  "[patch] Fix type errors in inotify interfaces", 18 Nov 2008
+#.  glibc bug filed: https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7040
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct inotify_event {\n"
+"    int      wd;       /* Watch descriptor */\n"
+"    uint32_t mask;     /* Mask describing event */\n"
+"    uint32_t cookie;   /* Unique cookie associating related\n"
+"                          events (for rename(2)) */\n"
+"    uint32_t len;      /* Size of I<name> field */\n"
+"    char     name[];   /* Optional null-terminated name */\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"I<wd> identifies the watch for which this event occurs.  It is one of the "
+"watch descriptors returned by a previous call to B<inotify_add_watch>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"I<mask> contains bits that describe the event that occurred (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"I<cookie> is a unique integer that connects related events.  Currently, this "
+"is used only for rename events, and allows the resulting pair of "
+"B<IN_MOVED_FROM> and B<IN_MOVED_TO> events to be connected by the "
+"application.  For all other event types, I<cookie> is set to 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The I<name> field is present only when an event is returned for a file "
+"inside a watched directory; it identifies the filename within the watched "
+"directory.  This filename is null-terminated, and may include further null "
+"bytes (\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq])  to align subsequent reads to a suitable address "
+"boundary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The I<len> field counts all of the bytes in I<name>, including the null "
+"bytes; the length of each I<inotify_event> structure is thus I<sizeof(struct "
+"inotify_event)+len>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The behavior when the buffer given to B<read>(2)  is too small to return "
+"information about the next event depends on the kernel version: before Linux "
+"2.6.21, B<read>(2)  returns 0; since Linux 2.6.21, B<read>(2)  fails with "
+"the error B<EINVAL>.  Specifying a buffer of size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "will be sufficient to read at least one event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "inotify events"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  I<mask> argument and the I<mask> field of the "
+"I<inotify_event> structure returned when B<read>(2)ing an inotify file "
+"descriptor are both bit masks identifying inotify events.  The following "
+"bits can be specified in I<mask> when calling B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  and "
+"may be returned in the I<mask> field returned by B<read>(2):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_ACCESS> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File was accessed (e.g., B<read>(2), B<execve>(2))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_ATTRIB> (*)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  FIXME .
+#.  Events do not occur for link count changes on a file inside a monitored
+#.  directory. This differs from other metadata changes for files inside
+#.  a monitored directory.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Metadata changed\\[em]for example, permissions (e.g., B<chmod>(2)), "
+"timestamps (e.g., B<utimensat>(2)), extended attributes (B<setxattr>(2)), "
+"link count (since Linux 2.6.25; e.g., for the target of B<link>(2)  and for "
+"B<unlink>(2)), and user/group ID (e.g., B<chown>(2))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_CLOSE_WRITE> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File opened for writing was closed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE> (*)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File or directory not opened for writing was closed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_CREATE> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"File/directory created in watched directory (e.g., B<open>(2)  B<O_CREAT>, "
+"B<mkdir>(2), B<link>(2), B<symlink>(2), B<bind>(2)  on a UNIX domain socket)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_DELETE> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File/directory deleted from watched directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_DELETE_SELF>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Watched file/directory was itself deleted.  (This event also occurs if an "
+"object is moved to another filesystem, since B<mv>(1)  in effect copies the "
+"file to the other filesystem and then deletes it from the original "
+"filesystem.)  In addition, an B<IN_IGNORED> event will subsequently be "
+"generated for the watch descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MODIFY> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File was modified (e.g., B<write>(2), B<truncate>(2))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MOVE_SELF>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Watched file/directory was itself moved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MOVED_FROM> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generated for the directory containing the old filename when a file is "
+"renamed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MOVED_TO> (+)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generated for the directory containing the new filename when a file is "
+"renamed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_OPEN> (*)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "File or directory was opened."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Inotify monitoring is inode-based: when monitoring a file (but not when "
+"monitoring the directory containing a file), an event can be generated for "
+"activity on any link to the file (in the same or a different directory)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "When monitoring a directory:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"the events marked above with an asterisk (*) can occur both for the "
+"directory itself and for objects inside the directory; and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"the events marked with a plus sign (+) occur only for objects inside the "
+"directory (not for the directory itself)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"I<Note>: when monitoring a directory, events are not generated for the files "
+"inside the directory when the events are performed via a pathname (i.e., a "
+"link)  that lies outside the monitored directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"When events are generated for objects inside a watched directory, the "
+"I<name> field in the returned I<inotify_event> structure identifies the name "
+"of the file within the directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The B<IN_ALL_EVENTS> macro is defined as a bit mask of all of the above "
+"events.  This macro can be used as the I<mask> argument when calling "
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Two additional convenience macros are defined:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MOVE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Equates to B<IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_CLOSE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Equates to B<IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The following further bits can be specified in I<mask> when calling "
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_DONT_FOLLOW> (since Linux 2.6.15)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Don't dereference I<pathname> if it is a symbolic link."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_EXCL_UNLINK> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  commit 8c1934c8d70b22ca8333b216aec6c7d09fdbd6a6
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"By default, when watching events on the children of a directory, events are "
+"generated for children even after they have been unlinked from the "
+"directory.  This can result in large numbers of uninteresting events for "
+"some applications (e.g., if watching I</tmp>, in which many applications "
+"create temporary files whose names are immediately unlinked).  Specifying "
+"B<IN_EXCL_UNLINK> changes the default behavior, so that events are not "
+"generated for children after they have been unlinked from the watched "
+"directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MASK_ADD>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"If a watch instance already exists for the filesystem object corresponding "
+"to I<pathname>, add (OR) the events in I<mask> to the watch mask (instead of "
+"replacing the mask); the error B<EINVAL> results if B<IN_MASK_CREATE> is "
+"also specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_ONESHOT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Monitor the filesystem object corresponding to I<pathname> for one event, "
+"then remove from watch list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_ONLYDIR> (since Linux 2.6.15)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Watch I<pathname> only if it is a directory; the error B<ENOTDIR> results if "
+"I<pathname> is not a directory.  Using this flag provides an application "
+"with a race-free way of ensuring that the monitored object is a directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_MASK_CREATE> (since Linux 4.18)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Watch I<pathname> only if it does not already have a watch associated with "
+"it; the error B<EEXIST> results if I<pathname> is already being watched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Using this flag provides an application with a way of ensuring that new "
+"watches do not modify existing ones.  This is useful because multiple paths "
+"may refer to the same inode, and multiple calls to B<inotify_add_watch>(2)  "
+"without this flag may clobber existing watch masks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The following bits may be set in the I<mask> field returned by B<read>(2):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_IGNORED>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Watch was removed explicitly (B<inotify_rm_watch>(2))  or automatically "
+"(file was deleted, or filesystem was unmounted).  See also BUGS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_ISDIR>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Subject of this event is a directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_Q_OVERFLOW>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Event queue overflowed (I<wd> is -1 for this event)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<IN_UNMOUNT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Filesystem containing watched object was unmounted.  In addition, an "
+"B<IN_IGNORED> event will subsequently be generated for the watch descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Examples"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Suppose an application is watching the directory I<dir> and the file I<dir/"
+"myfile> for all events.  The examples below show some events that will be "
+"generated for these two objects."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "fd = open(\"dir/myfile\", O_RDWR);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates B<IN_OPEN> events for both I<dir> and I<dir/myfile>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "read(fd, buf, count);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates B<IN_ACCESS> events for both I<dir> and I<dir/myfile>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "write(fd, buf, count);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates B<IN_MODIFY> events for both I<dir> and I<dir/myfile>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "fchmod(fd, mode);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates B<IN_ATTRIB> events for both I<dir> and I<dir/myfile>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "close(fd);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates B<IN_CLOSE_WRITE> events for both I<dir> and I<dir/myfile>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Suppose an application is watching the directories I<dir1> and I<dir2>, and "
+"the file I<dir1/myfile>.  The following examples show some events that may "
+"be generated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "link(\"dir1/myfile\", \"dir2/new\");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generates an B<IN_ATTRIB> event for I<myfile> and an B<IN_CREATE> event for "
+"I<dir2>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "rename(\"dir1/myfile\", \"dir2/myfile\");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generates an B<IN_MOVED_FROM> event for I<dir1>, an B<IN_MOVED_TO> event for "
+"I<dir2>, and an B<IN_MOVE_SELF> event for I<myfile>.  The B<IN_MOVED_FROM> "
+"and B<IN_MOVED_TO> events will have the same I<cookie> value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Suppose that I<dir1/xx> and I<dir2/yy> are (the only) links to the same "
+"file, and an application is watching I<dir1>, I<dir2>, I<dir1/xx>, and "
+"I<dir2/yy>.  Executing the following calls in the order given below will "
+"generate the following events:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "unlink(\"dir2/yy\");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generates an B<IN_ATTRIB> event for I<xx> (because its link count changes)  "
+"and an B<IN_DELETE> event for I<dir2>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "unlink(\"dir1/xx\");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generates B<IN_ATTRIB>, B<IN_DELETE_SELF>, and B<IN_IGNORED> events for "
+"I<xx>, and an B<IN_DELETE> event for I<dir1>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Suppose an application is watching the directory I<dir> and (the empty) "
+"directory I<dir/subdir>.  The following examples show some events that may "
+"be generated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "mkdir(\"dir/new\", mode);"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Generates an B<IN_CREATE | IN_ISDIR> event for I<dir>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "rmdir(\"dir/subdir\");"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Generates B<IN_DELETE_SELF> and B<IN_IGNORED> events for I<subdir>, and an "
+"B<IN_DELETE | IN_ISDIR> event for I<dir>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "/proc interfaces"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The following interfaces can be used to limit the amount of kernel memory "
+"consumed by inotify:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_events>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The value in this file is used when an application calls B<inotify_init>(2)  "
+"to set an upper limit on the number of events that can be queued to the "
+"corresponding inotify instance.  Events in excess of this limit are dropped, "
+"but an B<IN_Q_OVERFLOW> event is always generated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"This specifies an upper limit on the number of inotify instances that can be "
+"created per real user ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"This specifies an upper limit on the number of watches that can be created "
+"per real user ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "STANDARDS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "HISTORY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Inotify was merged into Linux 2.6.13.  The required library interfaces were "
+"added in glibc 2.4.  (B<IN_DONT_FOLLOW>, B<IN_MASK_ADD>, and B<IN_ONLYDIR> "
+"were added in glibc 2.5.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "NOTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Inotify file descriptors can be monitored using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
+"and B<epoll>(7).  When an event is available, the file descriptor indicates "
+"as readable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 2.6.25, signal-driven I/O notification is available for inotify "
+"file descriptors; see the discussion of B<F_SETFL> (for setting the "
+"B<O_ASYNC> flag), B<F_SETOWN>, and B<F_SETSIG> in B<fcntl>(2).  The "
+"I<siginfo_t> structure (described in B<sigaction>(2))  that is passed to the "
+"signal handler has the following fields set: I<si_fd> is set to the inotify "
+"file descriptor number; I<si_signo> is set to the signal number; I<si_code> "
+"is set to B<POLL_IN>; and B<POLLIN> is set in I<si_band>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"If successive output inotify events produced on the inotify file descriptor "
+"are identical (same I<wd>, I<mask>, I<cookie>, and I<name>), then they are "
+"coalesced into a single event if the older event has not yet been read (but "
+"see BUGS).  This reduces the amount of kernel memory required for the event "
+"queue, but also means that an application can't use inotify to reliably "
+"count file events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The events returned by reading from an inotify file descriptor form an "
+"ordered queue.  Thus, for example, it is guaranteed that when renaming from "
+"one directory to another, events will be produced in the correct order on "
+"the inotify file descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The set of watch descriptors that is being monitored via an inotify file "
+"descriptor can be viewed via the entry for the inotify file descriptor in "
+"the process's I</proc/>pidI</fdinfo> directory.  See B<proc>(5)  for further "
+"details.  The B<FIONREAD> B<ioctl>(2)  returns the number of bytes available "
+"to read from an inotify file descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Limitations and caveats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that "
+"triggered the inotify event.  In particular, there is no easy way for a "
+"process that is monitoring events via inotify to distinguish events that it "
+"triggers itself from those that are triggered by other processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Inotify reports only events that a user-space program triggers through the "
+"filesystem API.  As a result, it does not catch remote events that occur on "
+"network filesystems.  (Applications must fall back to polling the filesystem "
+"to catch such events.)  Furthermore, various pseudo-filesystems such as I</"
+"proc>, I</sys>, and I</dev/pts> are not monitorable with inotify."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The inotify API does not report file accesses and modifications that may "
+"occur because of B<mmap>(2), B<msync>(2), and B<munmap>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The inotify API identifies affected files by filename.  However, by the time "
+"an application processes an inotify event, the filename may already have "
+"been deleted or renamed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The inotify API identifies events via watch descriptors.  It is the "
+"application's responsibility to cache a mapping (if one is needed) between "
+"watch descriptors and pathnames.  Be aware that directory renamings may "
+"affect multiple cached pathnames."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Inotify monitoring of directories is not recursive: to monitor "
+"subdirectories under a directory, additional watches must be created.  This "
+"can take a significant amount time for large directory trees."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"If monitoring an entire directory subtree, and a new subdirectory is created "
+"in that tree or an existing directory is renamed into that tree, be aware "
+"that by the time you create a watch for the new subdirectory, new files (and "
+"subdirectories) may already exist inside the subdirectory.  Therefore, you "
+"may want to scan the contents of the subdirectory immediately after adding "
+"the watch (and, if desired, recursively add watches for any subdirectories "
+"that it contains)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Note that the event queue can overflow.  In this case, events are lost.  "
+"Robust applications should handle the possibility of lost events "
+"gracefully.  For example, it may be necessary to rebuild part or all of the "
+"application cache.  (One simple, but possibly expensive, approach is to "
+"close the inotify file descriptor, empty the cache, create a new inotify "
+"file descriptor, and then re-create watches and cache entries for the "
+"objects to be monitored.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"If a filesystem is mounted on top of a monitored directory, no event is "
+"generated, and no events are generated for objects immediately under the new "
+"mount point.  If the filesystem is subsequently unmounted, events will "
+"subsequently be generated for the directory and the objects it contains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Dealing with rename() events"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"As noted above, the B<IN_MOVED_FROM> and B<IN_MOVED_TO> event pair that is "
+"generated by B<rename>(2)  can be matched up via their shared cookie value.  "
+"However, the task of matching has some challenges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"These two events are usually consecutive in the event stream available when "
+"reading from the inotify file descriptor.  However, this is not guaranteed.  "
+"If multiple processes are triggering events for monitored objects, then (on "
+"rare occasions) an arbitrary number of other events may appear between the "
+"B<IN_MOVED_FROM> and B<IN_MOVED_TO> events.  Furthermore, it is not "
+"guaranteed that the event pair is atomically inserted into the queue: there "
+"may be a brief interval where the B<IN_MOVED_FROM> has appeared, but the "
+"B<IN_MOVED_TO> has not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Matching up the B<IN_MOVED_FROM> and B<IN_MOVED_TO> event pair generated by "
+"B<rename>(2)  is thus inherently racy.  (Don't forget that if an object is "
+"renamed outside of a monitored directory, there may not even be an "
+"B<IN_MOVED_TO> event.)  Heuristic approaches (e.g., assume the events are "
+"always consecutive)  can be used to ensure a match in most cases, but will "
+"inevitably miss some cases, causing the application to perceive the "
+"B<IN_MOVED_FROM> and B<IN_MOVED_TO> events as being unrelated.  If watch "
+"descriptors are destroyed and re-created as a result, then those watch "
+"descriptors will be inconsistent with the watch descriptors in any pending "
+"events.  (Re-creating the inotify file descriptor and rebuilding the cache "
+"may be useful to deal with this scenario.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Applications should also allow for the possibility that the B<IN_MOVED_FROM> "
+"event was the last event that could fit in the buffer returned by the "
+"current call to B<read>(2), and the accompanying B<IN_MOVED_TO> event might "
+"be fetched only on the next B<read>(2), which should be done with a (small) "
+"timeout to allow for the fact that insertion of the "
+"B<IN_MOVED_FROM>+B<IN_MOVED_TO> event pair is not atomic, and also the "
+"possibility that there may not be any B<IN_MOVED_TO> event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  commit 820c12d5d6c0890bc93dd63893924a13041fdc35
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Before Linux 3.19, B<fallocate>(2)  did not create any inotify events.  "
+"Since Linux 3.19, calls to B<fallocate>(2)  generate B<IN_MODIFY> events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  FIXME . kernel commit 611da04f7a31b2208e838be55a42c7a1310ae321
+#.  implies that unmount events were buggy since Linux 2.6.11 to Linux 2.6.36
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid "Before Linux 2.6.16, the B<IN_ONESHOT> I<mask> flag does not work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"As originally designed and implemented, the B<IN_ONESHOT> flag did not cause "
+"an B<IN_IGNORED> event to be generated when the watch was dropped after one "
+"event.  However, as an unintended effect of other changes, since Linux "
+"2.6.36, an B<IN_IGNORED> event is generated in this case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  commit 1c17d18e3775485bf1e0ce79575eb637a94494a2
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"Before Linux 2.6.25, the kernel code that was intended to coalesce "
+"successive identical events (i.e., the two most recent events could "
+"potentially be coalesced if the older had not yet been read)  instead "
+"checked if the most recent event could be coalesced with the I<oldest> "
+"unread event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  FIXME . https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"When a watch descriptor is removed by calling B<inotify_rm_watch>(2)  (or "
+"because a watch file is deleted or the filesystem that contains it is "
+"unmounted), any pending unread events for that watch descriptor remain "
+"available to read.  As watch descriptors are subsequently allocated with "
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2), the kernel cycles through the range of possible "
+"watch descriptors (1 to B<INT_MAX>)  incrementally.  When allocating a free "
+"watch descriptor, no check is made to see whether that watch descriptor "
+"number has any pending unread events in the inotify queue.  Thus, it can "
+"happen that a watch descriptor is reallocated even when pending unread "
+"events exist for a previous incarnation of that watch descriptor number, "
+"with the result that the application might then read those events and "
+"interpret them as belonging to the file associated with the newly recycled "
+"watch descriptor.  In practice, the likelihood of hitting this bug may be "
+"extremely low, since it requires that an application cycle through "
+"B<INT_MAX> watch descriptors, release a watch descriptor while leaving "
+"unread events for that watch descriptor in the queue, and then recycle that "
+"watch descriptor.  For this reason, and because there have been no reports "
+"of the bug occurring in real-world applications, as of Linux 3.15, no kernel "
+"changes have yet been made to eliminate this possible bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "EXAMPLES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The following program demonstrates the usage of the inotify API.  It marks "
+"the directories passed as a command-line arguments and waits for events of "
+"type B<IN_OPEN>, B<IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE>, and B<IN_CLOSE_WRITE>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"The following output was recorded while editing the file I</home/user/temp/"
+"foo> and listing directory I</tmp>.  Before the file and the directory were "
+"opened, B<IN_OPEN> events occurred.  After the file was closed, an "
+"B<IN_CLOSE_WRITE> event occurred.  After the directory was closed, an "
+"B<IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE> event occurred.  Execution of the program ended when the "
+"user pressed the ENTER key."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Example output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ B<./a.out /tmp /home/user/temp>\n"
+"Press enter key to terminate.\n"
+"Listening for events.\n"
+"IN_OPEN: /home/user/temp/foo [file]\n"
+"IN_CLOSE_WRITE: /home/user/temp/foo [file]\n"
+"IN_OPEN: /tmp/ [directory]\n"
+"IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE: /tmp/ [directory]\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"Listening for events stopped.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Program source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
+#: opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>poll.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sys/inotify.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"/* Read all available inotify events from the file descriptor \\[aq]fd\\[aq].\n"
+"   wd is the table of watch descriptors for the directories in argv.\n"
+"   argc is the length of wd and argv.\n"
+"   argv is the list of watched directories.\n"
+"   Entry 0 of wd and argv is unused. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"static void\n"
+"handle_events(int fd, int *wd, int argc, char* argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+"    /* Some systems cannot read integer variables if they are not\n"
+"       properly aligned. On other systems, incorrect alignment may\n"
+"       decrease performance. Hence, the buffer used for reading from\n"
+"       the inotify file descriptor should have the same alignment as\n"
+"       struct inotify_event. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    char buf[4096]\n"
+"        __attribute__ ((aligned(__alignof__(struct inotify_event))));\n"
+"    const struct inotify_event *event;\n"
+"    ssize_t len;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Loop while events can be read from inotify file descriptor. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    for (;;) {\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        /* Read some events. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));\n"
+"        if (len == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) {\n"
+"            perror(\"read\");\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        /* If the nonblocking read() found no events to read, then\n"
+"           it returns -1 with errno set to EAGAIN. In that case,\n"
+"           we exit the loop. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        if (len E<lt>= 0)\n"
+"            break;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        /* Loop over all events in the buffer. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        for (char *ptr = buf; ptr E<lt> buf + len;\n"
+"                ptr += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event-E<gt>len) {\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            event = (const struct inotify_event *) ptr;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            /* Print event type. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_OPEN)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_OPEN: \");\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE: \");\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_CLOSE_WRITE: \");\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            /* Print the name of the watched directory. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            for (size_t i = 1; i E<lt> argc; ++i) {\n"
+"                if (wd[i] == event-E<gt>wd) {\n"
+"                    printf(\"%s/\", argv[i]);\n"
+"                    break;\n"
+"                }\n"
+"            }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            /* Print the name of the file. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>len)\n"
+"                printf(\"%s\", event-E<gt>name);\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            /* Print type of filesystem object. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_ISDIR)\n"
+"                printf(\" [directory]\\en\");\n"
+"            else\n"
+"                printf(\" [file]\\en\");\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+"}\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char* argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+"    char buf;\n"
+"    int fd, i, poll_num;\n"
+"    int *wd;\n"
+"    nfds_t nfds;\n"
+"    struct pollfd fds[2];\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
+"        printf(\"Usage: %s PATH [PATH ...]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    printf(\"Press ENTER key to terminate.\\en\");\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Create the file descriptor for accessing the inotify API. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK);\n"
+"    if (fd == -1) {\n"
+"        perror(\"inotify_init1\");\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Allocate memory for watch descriptors. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    wd = calloc(argc, sizeof(int));\n"
+"    if (wd == NULL) {\n"
+"        perror(\"calloc\");\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Mark directories for events\n"
+"       - file was opened\n"
+"       - file was closed */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    for (i = 1; i E<lt> argc; i++) {\n"
+"        wd[i] = inotify_add_watch(fd, argv[i],\n"
+"                                  IN_OPEN | IN_CLOSE);\n"
+"        if (wd[i] == -1) {\n"
+"            fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot watch \\[aq]%s\\[aq]: %s\\en\",\n"
+"                    argv[i], strerror(errno));\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Prepare for polling. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    nfds = 2;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    fds[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;       /* Console input */\n"
+"    fds[0].events = POLLIN;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    fds[1].fd = fd;                 /* Inotify input */\n"
+"    fds[1].events = POLLIN;\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Wait for events and/or terminal input. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    printf(\"Listening for events.\\en\");\n"
+"    while (1) {\n"
+"        poll_num = poll(fds, nfds, -1);\n"
+"        if (poll_num == -1) {\n"
+"            if (errno == EINTR)\n"
+"                continue;\n"
+"            perror(\"poll\");\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"        if (poll_num E<gt> 0) {\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            if (fds[0].revents & POLLIN) {\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"                /* Console input is available. Empty stdin and quit. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"                while (read(STDIN_FILENO, &buf, 1) E<gt> 0 && buf != \\[aq]\\en\\[aq])\n"
+"                    continue;\n"
+"                break;\n"
+"            }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"            if (fds[1].revents & POLLIN) {\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"                /* Inotify events are available. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"                handle_events(fd, wd, argc, argv);\n"
+"            }\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    printf(\"Listening for events stopped.\\en\");\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    /* Close inotify file descriptor. */\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    close(fd);\n"
+"\\&\n"
+"    free(wd);\n"
+"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"B<inotifywait>(1), B<inotifywatch>(1), B<inotify_add_watch>(2), "
+"B<inotify_init>(2), B<inotify_init1>(2), B<inotify_rm_watch>(2), B<read>(2), "
+"B<stat>(2), B<fanotify>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
+#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
+msgid ""
+"I<Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: debian-bookworm
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2023-02-05"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: debian-bookworm
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm
+msgid ""
+"The I<name> field is present only when an event is returned for a file "
+"inside a watched directory; it identifies the filename within the watched "
+"directory.  This filename is null-terminated, and may include further null "
+"bytes (\\[aq]\\e0\\[aq]) to align subsequent reads to a suitable address "
+"boundary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: debian-bookworm
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "VERSIONS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm
+msgid "The inotify API is Linux-specific."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  FIXME . https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+msgid ""
+"When a watch descriptor is removed by calling B<inotify_rm_watch>(2)  (or "
+"because a watch file is deleted or the filesystem that contains it is "
+"unmounted), any pending unread events for that watch descriptor remain "
+"available to read.  As watch descriptors are subsequently allocated with "
+"B<inotify_add_watch>(2), the kernel cycles through the range of possible "
+"watch descriptors (0 to B<INT_MAX>)  incrementally.  When allocating a free "
+"watch descriptor, no check is made to see whether that watch descriptor "
+"number has any pending unread events in the inotify queue.  Thus, it can "
+"happen that a watch descriptor is reallocated even when pending unread "
+"events exist for a previous incarnation of that watch descriptor number, "
+"with the result that the application might then read those events and "
+"interpret them as belonging to the file associated with the newly recycled "
+"watch descriptor.  In practice, the likelihood of hitting this bug may be "
+"extremely low, since it requires that an application cycle through "
+"B<INT_MAX> watch descriptors, release a watch descriptor while leaving "
+"unread events for that watch descriptor in the queue, and then recycle that "
+"watch descriptor.  For this reason, and because there have been no reports "
+"of the bug occurring in real-world applications, as of Linux 3.15, no kernel "
+"changes have yet been made to eliminate this possible bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ B<./a.out /tmp /home/user/temp>\n"
+"Press enter key to terminate.\n"
+"Listening for events.\n"
+"IN_OPEN: /home/user/temp/foo [file]\n"
+"IN_CLOSE_WRITE: /home/user/temp/foo [file]\n"
+"IN_OPEN: /tmp/ [directory]\n"
+"IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE: /tmp/ [directory]\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Listening for events stopped.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>poll.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sys/inotify.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"/* Read all available inotify events from the file descriptor \\[aq]fd\\[aq].\n"
+"   wd is the table of watch descriptors for the directories in argv.\n"
+"   argc is the length of wd and argv.\n"
+"   argv is the list of watched directories.\n"
+"   Entry 0 of wd and argv is unused. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"static void\n"
+"handle_events(int fd, int *wd, int argc, char* argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+"    /* Some systems cannot read integer variables if they are not\n"
+"       properly aligned. On other systems, incorrect alignment may\n"
+"       decrease performance. Hence, the buffer used for reading from\n"
+"       the inotify file descriptor should have the same alignment as\n"
+"       struct inotify_event. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    char buf[4096]\n"
+"        __attribute__ ((aligned(__alignof__(struct inotify_event))));\n"
+"    const struct inotify_event *event;\n"
+"    ssize_t len;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Loop while events can be read from inotify file descriptor. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    for (;;) {\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "        /* Read some events. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"        len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));\n"
+"        if (len == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) {\n"
+"            perror(\"read\");\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"        /* If the nonblocking read() found no events to read, then\n"
+"           it returns -1 with errno set to EAGAIN. In that case,\n"
+"           we exit the loop. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"        if (len E<lt>= 0)\n"
+"            break;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "        /* Loop over all events in the buffer. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"        for (char *ptr = buf; ptr E<lt> buf + len;\n"
+"                ptr += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event-E<gt>len) {\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            event = (const struct inotify_event *) ptr;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            /* Print event type. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_OPEN)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_OPEN: \");\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE: \");\n"
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE)\n"
+"                printf(\"IN_CLOSE_WRITE: \");\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            /* Print the name of the watched directory. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"            for (size_t i = 1; i E<lt> argc; ++i) {\n"
+"                if (wd[i] == event-E<gt>wd) {\n"
+"                    printf(\"%s/\", argv[i]);\n"
+"                    break;\n"
+"                }\n"
+"            }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            /* Print the name of the file. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"            if (event-E<gt>len)\n"
+"                printf(\"%s\", event-E<gt>name);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            /* Print type of filesystem object. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"            if (event-E<gt>mask & IN_ISDIR)\n"
+"                printf(\" [directory]\\en\");\n"
+"            else\n"
+"                printf(\" [file]\\en\");\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char* argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+"    char buf;\n"
+"    int fd, i, poll_num;\n"
+"    int *wd;\n"
+"    nfds_t nfds;\n"
+"    struct pollfd fds[2];\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
+"        printf(\"Usage: %s PATH [PATH ...]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    printf(\"Press ENTER key to terminate.\\en\");\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Create the file descriptor for accessing the inotify API. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK);\n"
+"    if (fd == -1) {\n"
+"        perror(\"inotify_init1\");\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Allocate memory for watch descriptors. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    wd = calloc(argc, sizeof(int));\n"
+"    if (wd == NULL) {\n"
+"        perror(\"calloc\");\n"
+"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"    }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    /* Mark directories for events\n"
+"       - file was opened\n"
+"       - file was closed */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    for (i = 1; i E<lt> argc; i++) {\n"
+"        wd[i] = inotify_add_watch(fd, argv[i],\n"
+"                                  IN_OPEN | IN_CLOSE);\n"
+"        if (wd[i] == -1) {\n"
+"            fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot watch \\[aq]%s\\[aq]: %s\\en\",\n"
+"                    argv[i], strerror(errno));\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Prepare for polling. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    nfds = 2;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    fds[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;       /* Console input */\n"
+"    fds[0].events = POLLIN;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    fds[1].fd = fd;                 /* Inotify input */\n"
+"    fds[1].events = POLLIN;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Wait for events and/or terminal input. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    printf(\"Listening for events.\\en\");\n"
+"    while (1) {\n"
+"        poll_num = poll(fds, nfds, -1);\n"
+"        if (poll_num == -1) {\n"
+"            if (errno == EINTR)\n"
+"                continue;\n"
+"            perror(\"poll\");\n"
+"            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"        }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "        if (poll_num E<gt> 0) {\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            if (fds[0].revents & POLLIN) {\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "                /* Console input is available. Empty stdin and quit. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                while (read(STDIN_FILENO, &buf, 1) E<gt> 0 && buf != \\[aq]\\en\\[aq])\n"
+"                    continue;\n"
+"                break;\n"
+"            }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "            if (fds[1].revents & POLLIN) {\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "                /* Inotify events are available. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                handle_events(fd, wd, argc, argv);\n"
+"            }\n"
+"        }\n"
+"    }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    printf(\"Listening for events stopped.\\en\");\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    /* Close inotify file descriptor. */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "    close(fd);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    free(wd);\n"
+"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2023-07-08"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2023-03-30"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: opensuse-leap-15-6
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
+msgstr ""