Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+\
+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Ppmcie User Manual" 1 "31 July 2005" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH NAME
+
+ppmcie - draw a CIE color chart as a PPM image
+
+.UN synopsis
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBppmcie\fP
+
+[
+\fB-rec709\fP|\fB-cie\fP|\fB-ebu\fP|\fB-hdtv\fP|\fB-ntsc\fP|\fB-smpte\fP
+]
+[\fB-xy\fP|\fB-upvp\fP]
+
+[\fB-red\fP \fIrx\fP \fIry\fP]
+
+[\fB-green\fP \fIgx\fP \fIgy\fP]
+
+[\fB-blue\fP \fIbx\fP \fIby\fP]
+
+[\fB-white\fP \fIwx\fP \fIwy\fP]
+
+[\fB-size\fP \fIedge\fP]
+
+[{\fB-xsize\fP|\fB-width\fP} \fIwidth\fP]
+
+[{\fB-ysize\fP|\fB-height\fP} \fIheight\fP]
+
+[\fB-noblack\fP]
+[\fB-nowpoint\fP]
+[\fB-nolabel\fP]
+[\fB-noaxes\fP]
+[\fB-full\fP]
+
+.UN description
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This program is part of
+.BR "Netpbm" (1)\c
+\&.
+
+\fBppmcie\fP creates a PPM file containing a plot of the CIE
+"tongue" color chart -- to the extent possible in a PPM
+image.  Alternatively, creates a pseudo-PPM image of the color tongue
+using RGB values from a color system of your choice.
+.PP
+The CIE color tongue is an image of all the hues that can be described
+by CIE X-Y chromaticity coordinates.  They are arranged on a two
+dimensional coordinate plane with the X chromaticity on the horizontal
+axis and the Y chromaticity on the vertical scale.  (You can choose
+alternatively to use CIE u'-v' chromaticity coordinates, but the
+general idea of the color tongue is the same).
+.PP
+Note that the PPM format specifies that the RGB values in the file are
+from the ITU-R Recommendation BT.709 color system, gamma-corrected.
+And positive.  See
+.BR "ppm" (1)\c
+\& for details.  If
+you use one of the color system options on \fBppmcie\fP, what you get
+is not a true PPM image, but is very similar.  If you display such
+\fBppmcie\fP output using a device that expects PPM input (which
+includes just about any computer graphics display program), it will
+display the wrong colors.
+.PP
+However, you may have a device that expects one of these variations on 
+PPM.
+.PP
+In every RGB color system you can specify, including the default
+(which produces a true PPM image) there are hues in the color tongue
+that can't be represented.  For example, monochromatic blue-green with 
+a wavelength of 500nm cannot be represented in a PPM image.  
+.PP
+For these hues, \fBppmcie\fP substitutes a similar hue as follows:
+They are desaturated and rendered as the shade where the edge of the
+Maxwell triangle intersects a line drawn from the requested shade to
+the white point defined by the color system's white point.
+Furthermore, unless you specify the \fB-full\fP option, \fBppmcie\fP
+reduces their intensity by 25% compared to the true hues in the image.
+.PP
+\fBppmcie\fP draws and labels the CIE X-Y coordinate axes unless you
+choose otherwise with options.
+.PP
+\fBppmcie\fP draws the Maxwell triangle for the color system in use
+on the color tongue.  The Maxwell triangle is the triangle whose
+vertices are the primary illuminant hues for the color system.  The
+hues inside the triangle show the color gamut for the color system.
+They are also the only ones that are correct for the CIE X-Y
+chromaticity coordinates shown.  (See explanation above).  \fBppmcie\fP
+denotes the Maxwell triangle by rendering it at full brightness, while
+rendering the rest of the color tongue as 3/4 brightness.  You can turn
+this off with options.
+.PP
+\fBppmcie\fP also places a black cross at the color system's white
+point (with the center of the cross open so you can actually see the
+white color) and displays in text the CIE X-Y chromaticities of the
+primary illuminants and white point for the color system.  You can
+turn this off with options, though.
+.PP
+\fBppmcie\fP annotates the periphery of the color tongue with the
+wavelength, in nanometers of the monochromatic hues which appear
+there.
+.PP
+\fBppmcie\fP displays the black body chromaticity curve for Planckian
+radiators from 1000 to 30000 kelvins on the image.  This curve traces the
+colors of black bodies as various temperatures.
+.PP
+You can choose from several standard color systems, or specify one of
+your own numerically.
+.PP
+CIE charts, by their very nature, contain a very large number of
+colors.  If you're encoding the chart for a color mapped device or
+file format, you'll need to use \fBpnmquant\fP or \fBppmdither\fP to
+reduce the number of colors in the image.
+
+.UN options
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+In addition to the options common to all programs based on libnetpbm
+(most notably \fB-quiet\fP, see 
+.UR index.html#commonoptions
+ Common Options
+.UE
+\&), \fBppmcie\fP recognizes the following
+command line options:
+.PP
+You may abbreviate any option to its shortest unique prefix.
+
+
+.TP
+\fB-rec709\fP
+.TP
+\fB-cie\fP
+.TP
+\fB-ebu\fP
+.TP
+\fB-hdtv\fP
+.TP
+\fB-ntsc\fP
+.TP
+\fB-smpte\fP
+Select a standard color system whose gamut to plot.  The default is
+\fB-rec709\fP, which chooses ITU-R Recommendation BT.709,
+gamma-corrected.  This is the only color system for which
+\fBppmcie\fP's output is a true PPM image.  See explanation above.
+\fB-ebu\fP chooses the primaries used in the PAL and SECAM
+broadcasting standards.  \fB-ntsc\fP chooses the primaries specified
+by the NTSC broadcasting system (few modern monitors actually cover
+this range).  \fB-smpte\fP selects the primaries recommended by the
+Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) in
+standards RP-37 and RP-145, and \fB-hdtv\fP uses the much broader
+\fIHDTV ideal\fP primaries.  \fB-cie\fP chooses a color system that
+has the largest possible gamut within the spectrum of the chart.  This
+is the same color system as you get with the \fB-cie\fP option to
+John Walker's \fBcietoppm\fP program.
+
+.TP
+\fB-xy\fP
+plot CIE 1931 x y chromaticities.  This is the default.
+
+.TP
+\fB-upvp\fP
+plot u' v' 1976 chromaticities rather than CIE 1931 x y
+chromaticities.  The advantage of u' v' coordinates is that equal
+intervals of distance on the u' v' plane correspond roughly to the
+eye's ability to discriminate colors.
+
+.TP
+\fB-red\fP\fI rx ry\fP
+specifies the CIE \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP co-ordinates of the red
+illuminant of a custom color system and selects the custom system.
+
+.TP
+\fB-green\fP\fI gx gy\fP
+specifies the CIE \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP co-ordinates of the green
+illuminant of the color system and selects the custom system.
+
+.TP
+\fB-blue\fP\fI bx by\fP
+specifies the CIE \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP co-ordinates of the blue
+illuminant of the color system and selects the custom system.
+
+.TP
+\fB-white\fP\fI wx wy\fP
+specifies the CIE \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP co-ordinates of the white
+point of the color system and selects the custom system.
+
+.TP
+\fB-size\fP\fI edge\fP
+Create an image of \fIedge\fP by \fIedge\fP pixels.  The default is
+512x512.
+
+.TP
+\fB-xsize|-width\fP\fI width\fP
+Sets the width of the generated image to \fIwidth\fP pixels.  The
+default width is 512 pixels.  If the height and width of the image are
+not the same, the CIE diagram will be stretched in the longer
+dimension.
+
+.TP
+\fB-ysize|-height\fP\fI height\fP
+Sets the height of the generated image to \fIheight\fP pixels.  The
+default height is 512 pixels.  If the height and width of the image
+are not the same, the CIE diagram will be stretched in the longer
+dimension.
+
+.TP
+\fB-noblack\fP
+Don't plot the black body chromaticity curve.
+
+.TP
+\fB-nowpoint\fP
+Don't plot the color system's white point.
+
+.TP
+\fB-nolabel\fP
+Omit the label.
+
+.TP
+\fB-noaxes\fP
+Don't plot axes.
+
+.TP
+\fB-full\fP
+Plot the entire CIE tongue in full brightness; don't dim the part
+which is outside the gamut of the specified color system (i.e. outside
+the Maxwell triangle).
+
+
+
+.UN interpretation
+.SH INTERPRETATION OF COLOR CHART
+.PP
+A color spectrum is a linear combination of one or more monochromatic
+colors.
+.PP
+A color is a set of color spectra that all look the same to the
+human eye (and brain).  Actually, for the purposes of the definition,
+we assume the eye has infinite precision, so we can call two color
+spectra different colors even though they're so close a person
+couldn't possibly tell them apart.
+.PP
+The eye contains 3 kinds of color receptors (cones).  Each has a
+different response to the various monochromatic colors.  One kind
+responds most strongly to blue, another red, another green.  Because
+there are only three, many different color spectra will excite the
+cones at exactly the same level, so the eye cannot tell them apart.
+All such spectra that excite the cones in the same way are a single
+color.
+.PP
+Each point in the color tongue represents a unique color.  But
+there are an infinite number of color spectra in the set that is that
+color; i.e. an infinite number of color spectra that would look to you
+like this point.  A machine could tell them apart, but you could not.
+.PP
+Remember that the colors outside the highlighted triangle are
+approximations of the real colors because the PPM format cannot
+represent them (and your display device probably cannot display them).
+That is, unless you're using a variation of PPM and a special display
+device, as discussed earlier in this manual.
+.PP
+A color is always relative to some given maximum brightness.  A
+particular beam of light looks lime green if in a dim field, but
+pea green if in a bright field.  An image on a movie screen may
+look pitch black because the projector is not shining any light on
+it, but when you turn off the projector and look at the same spot in
+room light, the screen looks quite white.  The same light from that spot
+hit your eye with the project on as with it off.
+.PP
+The chart shows two dimensions of color.  The third is intensity.
+All the colors in the chart have the same intensity.  To get all
+possible colors in the gamut, Make copies of the whole chart at every
+intensity between zero and the maximum.
+.PP
+The edge of the tongue consists of all the monochromatic colors.
+A monochromatic color is one with a single wavelength.  I.e. a color
+that is in a rainbow.  The numbers you see are the wavelengths in
+nanometers.
+.PP
+Any straight line segment within the tongue contains colors which
+are linear combinations of two colors -- the colors at either end of
+the line segment.
+.PP
+Any color in the chart can be created from two other colors (actually,
+from any of an infinite number of pairs of other colors).
+.PP
+All the colors within a triangle inside the tongue can be created
+from a linear combination of the colors at the vertices of that triangle.
+.PP
+Any color in the tongue can be created from at most 3 monochromatic
+colors.
+.PP
+The highlighted triangle shows the colors that can be expressed
+in the tristimulus color system you chose.  (ITU-R BT.709 by default).
+The corners of the triangle are the 3 primary illuminants in that
+system (a certain red, green, and blue for BT.709).  The edges of
+the triangle, then, represent the colors you can represent with two
+of the primary illuminants (saturated colors), and the interior colors
+require all three primary illuminants (are not saturated).
+.PP
+In the ITU-R BT.709 color system (the default), the white point is
+defined as D65, which is (and is named after) the color of a black
+body at 6502 kelvins.  Therefore, you should see the temperature curve
+on the image pass through the white part of the image, and the cross
+that marks the white point, at 6502 kelvins.
+.PP
+D65 white is supposed to be the color of the sun.  If you have a
+perfect BT.709 display device, you should see the color of the sun
+at the white point cross.  That's an important color, because when you
+look at an object in sunlight, the color that reflects of the object
+is based on the color of sunlight.  Note that the sun produces a
+particular color spectrum, but many other color spectra are the same
+color, and display devices never use the actual color spectrum of the
+sun.
+.PP
+The colors at the corners of the triangle have the chromaticities
+phosphors in a monitor that uses the selected color system.  Note
+that in BT.709 they are very close to monochromatic red, green,
+and blue, but not quite.  That's why you can't display even one true
+color of the rainbow on a video monitor.
+.PP
+Remember that the chart shows colors of constant intensity,
+therefore the corners of the triangles are not the full colors of the
+primary illuminants, but only their chromaticities.  In fact, the
+illuminants typically have different intensities.  In BT.709, the
+blue primary illuminant is far more intense than the green, which is
+more intense than the red.  Designers did this in order to make an
+equal combination of red, green, and blue generate gray.  I.e.  a
+combination of full strength red, full strength green, and full
+strength blue BT.709 primary illuminants is D65 white.
+.PP
+The tongue has a sharp straight edge at the bottom because that's
+the limit of human vision.  There are colors below that line, but they
+involve infrared and ultraviolet light, so you can't see them.  This
+line is called the "line of purples."
+
+.UN seealso
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR "ppmdither" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "pnmquant" (1)\c
+\&,
+.BR "ppm" (1)\c
+\&
+
+.UN author
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Copyright (C) 1995 by John Walker (\fIkelvin@fourmilab.ch\fP)
+.PP
+WWW home page: 
+.UR http://www.fourmilab.ch/
+http://www.fourmilab.ch/
+.UE
+\&
+.PP
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+without any conditions or restrictions.  This software is provided as
+is without express or implied warranty.
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppmcie.html
+.PP
\ No newline at end of file